The magnetic field induction present in the flare region can be inferred from the observed spectrum peak by the gyro synchrotron theory. For homogeneous magnetic field the spectrum peak is well defined and may be used for the inference of the field induction whenever we know the other important source parameters. The magnetic induction is the strongest dependence of the peak frequency and has been widely inferred from these spectra peak in solar flare analysis. The non homogeneous magnetic field may modify the spectrum width and peak mainly due to changes in the optically thick spectral index. Thus, for non homogeneous magnetic field the inferred induction may be interpreted as an effective value when the observation is fit, for example, by the four parameter fit‐function given by most of solar flare analysis in the literature. Simple formulas are given for the gyro‐synchrotron spectra peak in the literature where the peak is derived for the opacity equal one. This simplification causes the peak to be unc...


Residual stresses, bending moments, and warpage of film insert molded (FIM) parts were investigated by experimental and numerical analyses. Thermally induced residual stresses in FIM parts were predicted by numerical simulations with both commercial and house codes. Bending moments and warpage of FIM tensile specimens were calculated numerically and compared with experimental results. Thermally induced residual stresses were predicted by utilizing a one-dimensional thermoelastic model where constant material properties are assumed. The residual stress distribution depended remarkably on the Biot number and the heat was removed rapidly through the surface resulting in high residual stresses. Asymmetric residual stresses generated by nonuniform cooling of the part provoked nonuniform shrinkage and warpage of the molded tensile specimen. It was found that the numerically calculated bending moment is in good agreement with the experimental results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers


This article explores the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in contemporary democratic backsliding. I identify three dynamics that have placed American democracy under strain: (1) the incomplete democratization of national institutions created in 1787; (2) a half century of rising inequalities in wealth, market power, and political influence; and (3) a resurgence of intolerant, authoritarian, white-ethnic identity politics associated with the Republican Party. I argue that the Court has proved itself to be capable of creating linkages between these distinct institutional, economic, and sociocultural domains. In doing so, the Court has enabled the transformation of economic or sociocultural power into durable political power and the transformation of political power into the entrenchment of a "permanent minority" immured from democratic defeat. I describe specific doctrinal mechanisms by which this arbitrage role is performed, showing how the Court can be a vector of democratic backsliding.


To an integral homology 3-sphere Y, we assign a well-defined {\mathbb Z}-graded (monopole) homology MH*(Y, Ih(Q; h0)) whose construction in principle follows from the instanton Floer theory with the dependence of the spectral flow Ih(Q; h0), where Q is the unique U(1)-reducible monopole of the Seiberg-Witten equation on Y and h0 is a reference perturbation datum. The definition uses the moduli space of monopoles on Y \times {\mathbb R} introduced by Seiberg-Witten in studying smooth 4-manifolds. We show that the monopole homology MH*(Y, Ih(Q; h0)) is invariant among Riemannian metrics with same Ih(Q; h0). This provides a chamber-like structure for the monopole homology of integral homology 3-spheres. The assigned function MHSWF: \{Ih(Q; h0)\} \to \{MH*(Y, Ih(Q; h0))\} is a topological invariant (as Seiberg-Witten-Floer Theory).


There are two fundamental questions that this paper tries to answer: how Zubiri knows God, and whether we can consider his philosophy to be mysticism. The greatest part of the analysis considers the last ten years of his philosophical activity. The first part of the paper analyzes the mature form of his method, which Zubiri revealed in his Trilogy. A brief presentation is made of primordial apprehension, logos and reason. Zubiri's method goes beyond orthodox phenomenology, because he finds a need also to include metaphysics. The second part of the article applies this method in order to know God. It begins with an analysis of the person in the process of construction of its I. Zubiri analyzes this mostly in Man and God. We can access God only on the metaphysical level of knowledge. On this path he rejects logic and specula‐ tion. On our way to know God we must confront the presumed sketch of God with human personal life. We can discover human life only by following strictly the sui generis phenomeno‐ logical method. The conclusion that Zubiri reaches is that there is a personal absolute God, who influences humans in the construction of the I through the reality of things. On certain conditions, we can call Zubiri's approach to philosophy a mystical one. This is due to the con‐ stant action of God creating a certain tension between the person and reality and a need for a personal answer to the divine action.


The genetically modified Roundup-ready canola was quantitatively detected by ABI Prism 7700 sequence detector with the PCR primers and TaqMan fluorescence probes designed according to the sequences of endogenous PEP gene and exogenous GOX gene. The PEP gene and GOX gene were amplified respectively. The standard curve of ΔCt between PEP gene and GOX gene vs the Roundup-ready canola in reference materials was generated and a linear regression equation was obtained. And the Roundup-ready canola content in three Canadian canola and three derived meal samples was detected with the results as follows: 12.62%, 4.96%, 6.78%, 4.13%, 12.81% and 11.74%.


Improvement of existing and development of new methods of formation and signal processing, aimed at improving stealth and energy efficiency is a promising direction of research in the field of information security. The proposed method of multi-channel transmission of information by converting PCM (pulse code modulation) signals in the positional code-switching signals (PCS) with subsequent manipulation of pseudoephedrine sequences. This method allows to increase the energy efficiency and secrecy in the transmission of digital signals, which is particularly relevant for information system (IS) special purpose.


In this paper, we solved transportation problem when the data are in mixed type. Transportation problem contains fuzzy numbers, intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and real numbers. The purpose of our paper is to find the least transportation cost in which cost, supply and demand are mixed fuzzy numbers. This procedure is illustrated with numerical example


Flowfields of interest for micro air vehicle (MAV) applications such as wings undergoing pitching/plunging motion at high rate are essentially unsteady and can involve large flow separation and vortex shedding. Examples in the recent literature show that the pure-plunging airfoil flowfields can be captured with acceptable accuracy by a variety of computational techniques, but the pitching problem is more complex. Possible reasons for computational-experimental discrepancy for pitching airfoils include installation and blockage effects in the experiments, and modeling of turbulence, of fine structures and 3D effects in the computations. To further study such discrepancies, we compare a set of RANS computations with phaseaveraged and instantaneous particle image velocimetry, at reduced frequency k=3.93, and amplitude of 21.5 degrees. Flows at Re=10,000 and Re=40,000 are considered. Laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent computations are performed. Additionally, to investigate 3D effects, a 3D laminar computation for Re=10,000 is performed. All computations broadly capture the experimentally observed flow structures, provided that one compares with the experimental flowfield that exists after many periods from motion onset. Indeed, the experimental evidence is for two time scales en route to the flowfield relaxing to periodicity: a symmetric reverse Karman-type vortex street, and a skewed trailing vortex system. The relative size of the two time scales depends on the geometric orientation of the airfoil at motion onset, but the eventual wake structure is always skewed, and this is flowfield captured by the computation.


For developing countries in general and for Sub-Sahara Africa in particular, little is documented in the literature about the location and size of illegal waste dumps in relation to urban residential areas


A numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation is obtained by using the quadratic B-spline finite element method. Test problems concerning motion, birth and bound states of solitons of the NLG equation are studied to evaluate the method. Results are compared with various numerical methods.


Objective To identify the differentially expressed microRNA(miRNA)720、miRNA-191in bladder cancer compared with normal bladder. Methods 24fresh tissues of bladder cancer and 12normal bladder mucosa were stored in liquid nitrogen.Total RNA was extracted by using Trizol reagents,purified and tested by denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and NanoDrop2000.The purified RNA were labeled by Hy3TMfluorescent label then hybridized with miRCURYTM Array.MiRNA arrays′scanning and analysis were performed with the Axon GenePix 4000B microarray scanner and GenePix proV6.0.The scanned result was validated by using qRT-PCR. Results 77miRNAs expression was increased and 72miRNAs expression was decreased in non-invasive bladder cancer compared to the normal miRNAs,42miRNAs expression was increased and 104miRNAs expression was decreased in invasive bladder cancer compared to the normal miRNA.The expression levels of miRNA-720and miRNA-191were verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusions Differently expressed level of miRNAs were detected between muscle invasive bladder cancer and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,and we found that miRNA-720might be a marker for bladder cancer diagnosis.The express of miRNA-191in muscle invasive bladder cancer is lower compared with those with non-muscle invasive,indecating that miRNA-191 might be a diagnositic marker for bladder cancer with muscle invasive.


"Lung Immunology in the Tropics, Alimuddin Zumla and D. Geraint James Granulomatous Lung Diseases in the Tropics, Om P. Sharma and Gurdip S. Flora Pulmonary Complications of Malaria, Pradeep Bambery, Surinder K. Jindal, and Upjeet Kaur Melioidosis, Sumalee Kiatboonsri Pulmonary Complications of Brucellosis, A. R. Lulu and G. F. Araj Pulmonary Problems During Makkah Pilgrimage (Hajj), Feisal A. El-Kassimi Pulmonary Eosinophilic Syndromes in the Tropics: A Clinical Approach, Charanjit Lal, Gurdip S. Flora, and Om P. Sharma Pleuropulmonary Amebiasis, Kamlesh Pandya and Om P. Sharma Pulmonary Manifestations in Chagas' Disease, Newton M. Bethlem, Alfred Lemle, and Edson A. Saad Hydatid Disease of the Lung: Diagnosis and Management, Surrender N. Dhar and Chand Wattal The Lung and AIDS in Developing Countries, James Tuchschmidt and Bisher Akil Pulmonary Schistosomiasis, Armenio Guimaraes and Isabel Guimaraes "


Summary 1. Anti-appetite action of d-amphetamine, d-desoxyephedrine, pipradrol (Meratran) and methylphenidate (Ritalin) was tested in selected trained cats. The agents were given s.c., once prior to, and twice following presentation of food. 2. A delay in eating response of half hour or more appears at dose levels of 0.25 to 0.4 mg/kg with all 4 agents. At doses of 0.63-1.58 mg/kg food consumption was reduced by more than half and eating response delayed 10-30 hours. 3. The compounds inhibited also at 1 to 2 mg/kg dose levels the operant behavior (bar pressing for food reward) of unconditioned and conditioned rats. 4. No qualitative or quantitative differences were found among the 4 agents studied with regard to stimulation of motor activity, toxicity and anorexigenic action. 5. Site of action of the anorexigenic effect of the compounds is discussed and similarity of this and other effects of piperidine stimulants on one hand and of amphetamine excitants is stressed.


In this paper, we give a new approximation algorithm, the Expansion algorithm, for the longest common subsequence problem. We prove that the Expansion algorithm has in the worst case a guaranteed performance ratio which is not worse than the one of the Long Run algorithm. Furthermore, it is given experimental evidence that, for most problem instances, Expansion algorithm achieves an error ratio better than the one achieved by the Long Run. In particular, while Long Run gives the optimal solution only when this one is a uniform sequence (0 n , 1 n), Expansion outputs an optimal solution in a signiicant part of the cases.


In the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) layer, the reliability as well as the throughput is also important. The fragmentation and aggregation (F&A) algorithm to improve the throughput while ensuring the reliability in the environment with error uses the MAC service data unit (MSDU) fragmentation scheme of the upper layer and the MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) aggregation scheme of the MAC layer. The aggregation technique reduces the overhead of the frame format and improves the throughput. The fragmentation technique increases the transmission success probability and improves the reliability. When using F&A algorithm, the network throughput can be further improved. Although there were a lot of research on the F&A algorithm, these didn't cover the fragment size. Then it is left as user's choice. Furthermore, there is always a tradeoff between fragmentation and aggregation for wireless local area network (WLAN). We study this tradeoff and propose an optimal fragment size for aggregate-MPDU (A-MPDU), which can maximize the throughput by selecting the optimized fragment length based on different channel conditions.


The techniques, and the present invention relates to method of operating a memory system and a memory system for processing data into a memory device, a plurality of word lines, a plurality of pages including a plurality of memory cells coupled to the (word line) the data is stored, a memory device including multiple memory blocks of the pages are included; And each dividing the memory blocks into a first group and a second group, and performs a command operation corresponding to the command (command) received from the host (host), and the segment of the user data and the metadata to the command operation ( segment) them, corresponding to the type information of the user data included in the command, to the memory blocks included in the memory blocks or the second group included in the first group, the controller for storing, respectively; comprise can.


signs in the environment. Signs are considered to be anything that gives meaning in the environment including words, symbols, gestures, intonation of sounds, etc. Charles Peirce (1931-1958) described three interdependent cate gories of the process through which signs become meaningful. The category Firstness is about perception or feeling. It is the ability to "see the world freshly without preconceptions" (Nadaner, 1983),the assimilation or inventory taking or signs. The category Secondness involves a reaction or response to that which is perceived through Firstness. Second ness occurs when those per ceptions or feelings from Firstness are in some way connected or related through effort or struggle (Crenshaw, 1985).


The research of Quaternary Aeolian environment has great significance to understand the momentous climatic changes. As the time series of instrumental observation data is too short to reconstruct the past environmental variables, the reliable proxies have been widely applied to the Quaternary Aeolian environment research. Based on the analysis of the proxies and extracting the valuable information and evidences about the climatic variables, the long time series of past environmental changes can be reconstructed. This paper formulates the evidences (morphological evidences, sedimentological evidences and biogeomorphical evidences) used in the Quaternary Aeolian environment research, presents the problems existed in using the evidences, analyzes the tendency of the future research, and points out that the synthetic using of proxies and improving the precision of dating are still the emphases.


A child receiving busulphan treatment for adult-type chronic myeloid leukaemia responded well for four years before the onset of complications leading to "busulphan lung'. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were useful in monitoring the development of this condition and we recommended regular PFT for patient receiving busulphan treatment.


While more and more HVDC point-to-point connections are initiated worldwide, the emergence of multi-terminal grids still faces important hurdles among which the protection is seen as particularly challenging. We propose a parametric single-ended fault identification algorithm to be used in fully-selective fault-clearing strategies. Such strategies are preferen-tial for meshed grids as they limit the impact of the fault. The method is able to determine whether the line monitored by a relay is faulty or not using very few local measurements, making ultra-fast fault identification possible. Contrary to most exist-ing approaches, extra inductances are not required to distin-guish between faults occurring on the protected line and elsewhere. When a fault is suspected, the proposed algorithm es-timates the parameters that characterize the fault, namely the fault distance and impedance. The estimation process uses a parametric model describing the voltage and current evolution just after the fault occurrence based on the fault param-eters.The identification of the faulty line is then based on the size of the confidence region of the estimated fault parameters. Use-cases and performances of the algorithm for a four-node meshed grid are studied using Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) simulations.


SCOPE
Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world; however, most antidepressants have drug tolerance and serious side effects. In this study, we explored whether partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), which is a safe food that exhibits protection in a mouse model of depression.

METHODS AND RESULTS
We orally administered PHGG to mice with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in two animal experiments (prevention trial and intervention trial) to characterize the potentially protective effect of PHGG. The results in the prevention trial showed that PHGG significantly inhibited the loss of body weight, and prevented CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. The beneficial effects might be associated with PHGG modulating the gut microbiota structure and then increasing the levels of short-chain fatty acids in mice feces and the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in serum, striatum, and hippocampus. Besides, PHGG in the intervention trial was less effective than that in the prevention trial, but it might have a synergistic effect on improving depression with fluoxetine.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that moderate daily intake of PHGG could contribute to relieving depressive-like behavior. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Awareness of how parasites diminish the host's immune response would, in theory, allow for the development of new therapies to combat autoimmune and inflammatory disease. In an in vitro analysis, we showed that a >50kDa fraction from adult Hymenolepis diminuta blocked mitogen‐induced T cell activation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this H. diminuta extract would block the colitis that develops in mice in response to intra‐rectal instillation of dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS) – a system used as a model of the human inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease. Balb/c mice were treated with 100μl of 50% ethanol ir (control), 3mg of DNBS (in ethanol, ir) or DNBS + worm antigen (3×1mg ip injections over 3 days). Mice were sacrificed 72h after DNBS and clinical disease scores, histological damage scores, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO, indicates granulocyte infiltration) activity, and TNFα and IL‐10 production by splenocytes assessed. DNBS treatment caused colitis as shown by wasting, elevated MPO (14.0±3.9 vs. 2.0±0.3 U/mg; n=3) and the production of TNFα (783±27 pg/ml) but not IL‐10. In contrast, mice treated with DNBS + worm antigen showed no mortality and only minor signs of colitic disease that was accompanied by increased IL‐10 (2.0±0.9 ng/ml; n=3). Purification and synthesis of this immunosuppressive factor from H. diminuta could be used to treat inflammatory diseases. CCFC funded.


A method for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon as a catalyst Exchange reaction from light hydrocarbons, light hydrocarbons winryo containing that on the one selected from the group consisting of olefins and paraffins, the group consisting of a substantially fresh zeolite catalyst and steam treatment the zeolite-containing catalyst by supplying a fixed bed adiabatic reactor having a fixed catalyst containing zeolite on the selected one kind from, when contacted with a zeolite-containing catalyst in a reactor performing the catalytic exchange reaction of the light hydrocarbon raw material, in an catalytic exchange reaction, It provides the requirements (1), (2), (3) and (4) a method of producing aromatic hydrocarbons according to claim carried out under conditions satisfying: (1) the zeolite-containing catalyst is a 500 ℃, as measured at atmospheric pressure zeolite catalyst the initial n- hexane decomposition primary reaction rate constant in the catalyst has a more than 0.2 (sec -1), the initial catalytic activity; (2) neunda gat catalyst phase in the temperature range of 450 ℃ to 650 ℃; 3 shows the temperature distribution in the catalyst phase in relation to the distance to the exit at the inlet of the catalyst bed, the temperature distribution has at least one maximum temperature value; 4, the outlet temperature of the catalyst bed is in the range of ± 40 ℃ for the temperature of the inlet of the catalyst bed. By the method of the present invention, not only can be made of a high yield of the aromatic hydrocarbons, less deterioration of the catalytic activity, it is possible to perform the production of an aromatic hydrocarbon, stably for a long period of time.


Electromagnetic brake (EMBr) affects the flow field in mold during the slab continuous casting process. Flow control mold II (FC Mold II) has been developed to resolve the defects of the third generation (flow control mold) of EMBr which the braking effect on meniscus is too strong to make the surface flow excessively stabilize and it would be prone to freezing and related defects. To gain a fundamental understanding of FC Mold II, a mercury physical model was developed to inves-tigate the influence of the magnetic field intensity match on metal flow in FC Mold II based on the 1350 mm × 230 mm slab continuous casting process in a factory. The flow regime and velocity distribution in mold were measured by ultrasound Doppler velocimeter (UDV) with the maximum magnetic field intensity of the upper pair of magnetic poles B 1 =0.18, 0.36 and 0.50 T respectively and the maximum magnetic field intensity of the down pair of magnetic poles B 2 =0.50 T, while the mold casting speed is 0.41, 0.52 and 0.82 m/min respectively corresponding to the practical casting speed 1.00, 1.30 and 2.00 m/min respectively. The influences of the magnetic field intensity match on the flow discharged from the nozzle, the flow near the meniscus and the washing intensity to the mold narrow wall were analyzed and studied. The results showed that, when the magnetic field intensity match of the upper and the lower pair of magnetic poles B 1 /B 2 ≤ 1, with the continuous casting speed increasing, the value of B 1 /B 2 should increase in order to get an ideal braking effect. The value of B 1 /B 2 should be 0.36, 0.72 and 1.00 respectively when the model casting speed is 0.41, 0.52 and 0.82 m/min respectively. The increasing of the intensity of the magnetic field reduces the (cid:30) flow passage (cid:31) effect caused by EMBr, and is conducive to the formation of the plug flow under the electromagnetic braking region.


The non-cooperation movement of 1920–1922 was a significant landmark in the development of nation-wide political activities by the Indian National Congress. At the same time, because it took place within very different regional contexts, the nature of the movement and the response which it provoked derived a good deal from regional ingredients. In the United Provinces (the present day Uttar Pradesh), an agricultural region with a largely rural population, it was the agrarian system which molded the character of the non-cooperation and "anti-non-cooperation" movements. Non-cooperation there coincided with unrest among the peasantry and, for a time at least, it assumed the appearance of a revolutionary upsurge. The British Government of the province, therefore, had to meet this revolutionary movement as well as the Congress-led political movement. The Government turned to the landed aristocracy, whose influence in the countryside it had depended upon in the past, to provide the basis for an anti-revolutionary front. Initially, then, the non-cooperation movement served to refurbish the province's traditional landlord-based political system. It went further, however; and at one stage it appeared likely that the moderate-nationalist politicians, usually critical of the government, would be prepared to ally themselves with both the government and the landlords because of their concern over the dangers of revolution within the province. "Anti-non-cooperation," it seemed, might create a new use for traditional methods of political control, as well as the source of important new lines of political development in the province. It is the creation of this situation, and its working out within the framework of the Government's efforts to counter both revolution and disorder, which is traced here.


Management of cardiac arrest: thrombolysis is (not) for clots This multicentre double-blind controlled trial randomised adult patients following witnessed cardiac arrest in the prehospital setting to treatment with tenecteplase or placebo. The trial was terminated early following interim analysis after 525 patients had been recruited to each group. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in 30-day survival (15% vs 17%, p = 0.36 (primary outcome measure)) or rates of hospital admission (54% vs 55%, p = 0.67), return of spontaneous circulation (55% vs 55%, p = 0.96), 24-hour survival (31% vs 33%, p = 0.39) or survival to hospital discharge (15% vs 18%, p = 0.33). Although there were no differences in neurological outcome (p = 0.69), the authors reported that there were more intracranial haemorrhages in the tenecteplase group. As recruitment to this study was terminated early, there is a small possibility of a type II error (failing to detect a difference not accounted for by chance alone). However, even if this is the case, the number of patients that would need treatment with thrombolysis before one additional cardiac arrest victim survived would be so high as to make this intervention unfeasible. Thrombolysis has been used by a small number of clinicians on an ad hoc basis to treat of out-ofhospital cardiac arrest despite the absence of robust evidence of efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness. This study demonstrates that this intervention cannot be justified as it has no benefit but is associated with additional risk.


Recent progress in innovation is making the life prosper, simpler and easier for common individual. The World Health Organization (WHO) statistics indicate that a large amount of people experience visual losses, because of which they encounter many difficulties in everyday jobs. Hence, our goal is to structure a modest, secure, wearable, and versatile framework for visually impaired to help them in their daily routines. The proposed methodology utilizes Raspberry-Pi 4B, Camera, Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino, mounted on the stick of the individual. We take pictures of the scene and afterwards pre-process these pictures with the help of Viola Jones and TensorFlow Object Detection algorithm. The said techniques are used to detect objects. We also used an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servomotor to measure the distance between the blind person and obstacles. The presented research utilizes simple calculations for its execution, and detects the obstructions with a notably high efficiency. When contrasted with different frameworks, this framework is a minimal effort, convenient, and simple to wear.


According to recent research from Malacca, Malaysia, This paper presents a new and improved version of particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) combining the global best and local best model, termed GLBest-PSO.


Abstract:Impatience is a defining aspect of the modern world and its identity, as is starkly exemplified in the emphasis on technology. Itis the central mode along which individual and social life areorganized. In contrast, for Mahatma Gandhi patience is the crucial category for healthy individual and social existence.


Based on the analysis of the current situation of network entrepreneurial talent training,this article put forward the network entrepreneurial talent training mode based on school-enterprise alliance and analyzed the advantages of this mode.It turned out that this mode can achieve "triple-win" of students,school and enterprise.


The problem of whether the extrarenal sodium [131I]iodohippurate background activity at renography is higher in the right kidney region than in the left was studied by analyzing data from 711 consecutive renographies. The 3 conical collimators had an aperture diameter of 78 mm, an internal diameter at crystal surface of 50 mm, and a skin-to-crystal surface distance of 115 mm, thus allowing the radioactivity of almost the entire kidney to be registered with equal efficiency.


Devices for continuous IOP monitoring will address the need to better understand IOP levels and patterns in patients with glaucoma.


The stability of concentrated and dilute solutions of an iodine‐cetomacrogol complex and the staining of fabrics and the corrosion of metals it produced, have been compared at the same available iodine concentration, with a system based on weak iodine solution B.P. The available iodine content of the complex decreased on storage, but this loss was associated with the production of an equivalent amount of hydrogen iodide, such that the total iodine content of the system remained constant. The reaction was accelerated by an increase in temperature, but was neither a photochemical nor an oxidative decomposition. The complex was not subject to the large losses of solvent which occurred with the potassium iodide‐ethanol system, and in dilute solution was generally more stable; both systems being more stable in acid conditions. Dilute solutions of electrolytes, as found in hard waters, had little effect on the stability of either type of dilute solution except where they caused the pH to rise, but potassium salts produced a characteristic precipitation of the complex, which resulted in a loss of available iodine. The technique of testing the permanency of staining indicated that the complex often produced the less permanent stain, but it was not completely devoid of staining properties. The complex was less corrosive towards certain metals when tested by a static total immersion test, but when the attack was severe as with aluminium and copper, there was little difference between the two iodine systems in their corrosive action.


Optically pumped stimulated emission (SE) from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been systematically studied as a function of excitation photon energy (Eexc) to further understand the origin of SE in these structures. Optically pumped SE was observed for excitation photon energies well below that of the absorption edge of the MQWs, indicating the states responsible for the soft absorption edge in these structures can efficiently couple carriers with the gain region. "Mobility edge"-type behavior in the SE peak was observed as Eexc was varied. The effective mobility edge measured in these SE experiments lies ∼110 meV above the main spontaneous emission peak and ∼62 meV above the SE peak. Tuning the excitation energy below the mobility edge was found to be accompanied by a drastic increase in the SE threshold due to a decrease in the effective absorption cross section. The experimental results indicate that the SE peak observed here has the same micr...


The purpose of this study is to examine the types of ethical climate presented in tourism industry. Also this study is to examine the influence of ethical climate types on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study used factor analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis to achieve these objectives. The findings of this study identify six ethical climate types such as moral caring, team spirit, efficiency, self-interest, law and code, and rules. And there is a significant influence of the proposed relationships. Especially, moral caring, team spirit, law and code, and rule ethical climate have a positive influence on job satisfaction, but efficiency, and self-interest have a negative influence on job satisfaction. Also, moral caring, law and code ethical climate have a positive influence on organizational commitment, but self-interest has a negative influence on organizational commitment. The results suggest that tourism industry is able to enhance job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees by influencing the ethical climate.


Authors record the results of entomological and paludometric studies which were run on July 1994 in Ampanihy (Southern Madagascar), since an epidemic of malaria occurred in that region. Although the risk of epidemic malaria is described in the Southern Madagascar, paludometric indexes found in these surveys are pertinent with a mesoendemic malaria. The entomological survey found. A gambiae complex and A. funestus. Complementary surveys are proposed to improve the knowledge of the epidemiology of malaria in this area.


I write out and discuss how one might try to prove the continuous time g-computation formula, in the simplest possible case: treatments (labelled a, for actions) and covariates (l: longitudinal data) form together a bivariate counting process.


We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 3 observations of CO(2–1) emission from the circumnuclear disk in the E/S0 galaxy NGC 1332 at 0 . ′′ 044 resolution. The disk exhibits regular rotational kinematics and central high-velocity emission ( ± 500 km s - 1 ) consistent with the presence of a com-pact central mass. We construct models for a thin, dynamically cold disk in the gravitational potential of the host galaxy and black hole, and fit the beam-smeared model line profiles directly to the ALMA data cube. Model fits successfully reproduce the disk kinematics out to r = 200 pc. Fitting models just to spatial pixels within projected r = 50 pc of the nucleus (two times larger than the black hole's gravitational radius of influence), we find M BH = (6 . 64 + 0 . 65 - 0 . 63 ) × 10 8 M ⊙ . This observation demonstrates ALMA's powerful capability to determine the masses of supermassive black holes by resolving gas kinematics on small angular scales in galaxy nuclei.


In order to improve foreign protein expression in Escherichia coli, researchers have done a lot of studies on E.coli expression system. This paper summarized the advance about heterologous gene high expression in E. coli.


Abstract: This paper examines ways in which inter‐relationships between knowledge and skills can lead to important links between education and training to the considerable benefit of each. In particular it reviews the variety of ways in which the acquisition of knowledge (in the widest sense of the term) can contribute to the development of competences and conversely the variety of ways in which the development of a broad range of skills (including competences) can contribute to the acquisition of knowledge.


Colour Atlas of Congenital Malformation Syndromes. Edited by M Baraitser and R Winter. (Pp 233; £65 hardback.) Mosby-Wolfe, 1996. ISBN 0-7234-2073-4 .

It is a difficult task to review a book written by two clinical geneticists who taught me any skills I have in the diagnosis of children with malformations. The enthusiasm of the authors to share their skills is recognised by the number of trainees who would like to work with them and by the many teaching aids they have published over the past 15 years. This enthusiasm has resulted in …


In the Northwest, recent code upgrades have dramatically increased the efficiency of buildings built, while recent changes in appliance standards promise to positively affect the stock of appliances going forward. The significance of these changes underscores the importance of transparently estimating resulting savings. While the savings from incentivized measures are routinely measured, historically only a handful of experts have estimated regional codes and standards savings using incomplete data sources and highly specialized knowledge. To increase the transparency of savings attributed to codes and standards, and to increase the number of analysts capable of conducting the analysis, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) undertook a project to develop a regionally consistent methodology to track the savings from codes and standards. The resulting methodology meets several objectives necessary to be regionally relevant and useful. These include:  Modularity of analysis tasks for efficiency of development time and resource, for transparency, and to facilitate continual improvements to the data sources and algorithms over time.  Flexibility in definition of baseline and efficient cases (for example, code-to-code, practice-to-practice analyses) to accommodate the reporting and analysis needs of a variety of stakeholders  Provisions for identification of model strengths and weaknesses to inform the prioritization of process improvements as resources become available.  A software architecture that provides a portable, transparent product usable and modifiable by a core group of regional stakeholders. This paper reviews this methodology and the challenges encountered in its development. This methodology can serve as a model for other regions to estimate codes and standards impacts and can support the development of new codes and standards. 1


The loss of time during harvesting processes can affect the effective field capacity. This study aimed to observe and analyse the time that is lost during harvesting processes utilizing Thai combine harvesters. The random data was collected in November 2017 from 28 Thai combine harvesters harvesting Khao Dowk Mali 105 and in May 2017 from 27 Thai combine harvesters harvesting Phitsanulok-2. The theoretical field time, the headland turning time, the un-harvest moving and unloading time, the adjustment and maintenance time, and the bund crossing time were all recorded. The results indicated that the headland turning time and the un-harvest moving and unloading time had been the major influences that had been responsible for the increases in total time and had resulted in decreases in the effective field capacity. The times for adjustment and maintenance and for bund crossing had shown only minor losses.


Most introductory books on quantum mechanics discuss the particle-in-a-box problem through solutions of the Schrodinger equation, at least, in the one-dimensional case. When introducing the virial theorem, however, its discussion in the context of this simple model is not considered and students ponder the question of the validity of the virial theorem for a system with, apparently, no forces. In this work, we address this issue by solving the particle in a finite box and show that the virial theorem is fulfilled when the appropriate Cauchy boundary conditions are taken into account. We also illustrate how, in the limit of the infinite potential box, the virial theorem holds as well. As a consequence, it is possible to determine the averaged force exerted by the walls on the particle. Finally, a discussion of these results in the classical limit is provided.


In this paper, we establish exact solutions for nonlinear Davey-Stewartson equations. The sine-cosine method is used to construct periodic and solitary wave solutions. where � = ±1 and � 2 = ±1. The case � = 1 is called the DSI equation, while the case � = i is called the DSII equation. The parametercharacterizes the focusing or defocusing case (5). The DS equation has four kinds of soliton solutions: the conven- tional line, algebraic, periodic and lattice solitons. The conventional line soliton has an essentially one-dimensional structure. On the other hand, the algebraic, periodic and lattice solitons have a two-dimensional localized structure. The DSI and DSII equations are two well-known examples of integrable equations in two spacial dimensions, which arise as higher dimensional generalizations of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, as well as from physical considerations (6-7). Indeed,


We consider the classical Villain rotator model in $\mathbb{Z}^d, d\geq 3$ at sufficiently low temperature, and prove that the truncated two-point function decays asymptotically as $|x|^{2-d}$, with an algebraic rate of convergence. We also obtain the same asymptotic decay separately for the transversal two-point functions. This quantifies the spontaneous magnetization result for the Villain model at low temperature, and rigorously establishes the Gaussian spin-wave conjecture in dimension $d\ge 3$. We believe that our method extends to finite range interactions and to other abelian spin systems and abelian gauge theory in $d\geq 3$.


An algorithm for integration of planning system has been suggested for an industrial enterprise with the use of project-oriented tactical planning on the basis of value driver system with the top-level 'economic value added'.


It has been demonstrated that tetra-amino iron phthalocyanine can be polymerized onto a glassy carbon electrode by electrooxidation of the monomer in solution. Organic peroxides can be catalytically reduced at such polymeric film modified electrode. While on a bare glassy carbon electrode, none of the peroxides can be reduced within the potential range studied. When used in flow injection analysis, the modified electrode permits the detection of these compounds by reduction mechanism at higher potentials without the interference from oxygen. The response is stable and has a wide dynamic range.


CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm is a rare type of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and so far the single representative of the category precursor hematologic neoplasm. The tumor cells express CD56 and have therefore been suggested to represent a natural-killer(NK)-cell-lymphoma. The finding of CD123 positivity on the tumour cells now assures the origin from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The tumour mostly shows a clinical course with high mortality caused by lymph node and bone marrow involvement often followed by a terminal leukemic phase. We present a patient treated with systemic chemotherapy (KNOSPE-scheme) and satisfactory results until now.


In southwestern Baja California Norte a new species of Early Tertiary Tethyan gastropod, Velates, V. vizcainoensis n. sp., occurs with a previously unknown intertidal molluscan fauna suggestive of an unprotected coastline of probable Paleocene age. Comparison of Velates vizcainoensis n. sp. to other forms previously assigned to Velates from southwestern North America suggests that "Nerita" cuneata Gabb of Late Cretaceous age probably belongs in Neritina (Dostia), as do N. (D.) aff. N. (D.) cuneata and N. (D.) escondita n. sp. Velates is probably derived from typical Otostoma and is an early Tertiary genus. Velates californicus Vokes, although originally described as being from the Llajas Formation of middle Eocene age, is from the upper Santa Susana Formation and probably is of late Paleocene age at its type locality. Two other neritid gastropods are present in the fauna with Velates vizcainoensis; namely, Corsania (Januncia) Janus n. subgen., n. sp. and Nerita (Theliostyla) n. sp.(?). Corsania Vidal, 1917, is a genus distinct from Otostoma and ranges from Early Cretaceous to Paleocene. Januncia n. subgen. has a Tethyan distribution and ranges from Maastrichtian through Paleocene.


Abstract : A technique for the solution of time dependent foil bearing problems is presented. Solutions obtained for typical disturbances which are introduced into the bearing, indicate that they are swept out at a speed of, essentially, U/2. The effects of higher foil stiffness on this phenomenon are found to be small. (Author)


A system is described which provides a means for improving the quality of information derived in a decision making process by weighing certain multiple and alternative information channels. The method is applied to data estimating the cognitive workload state of a human operator dealing with a complex task using noninvasive sources of physiological data as a basis.


Many of the potential applications of ZnO are dependent upon either its overall shape (e.g. piezoelectric devices or LEDs), or the relative ratio of the different ZnO faces (e.g. catalysis). These applications have stimulated renewed interest in controlling the aspect ratio of ZnO crystals during their growth. One promising way to control the aspect ratio of ZnO crystals during hydrothermal growth is via the introduction of small organic molecules. Whilst there have been many studies showing that particular molecules affect ZnO crystal shape, few studies explain exactly how particular molecules influence growth. The overriding goal of the work contained in this thesis is to enhance understanding of how small organic molecules affect ZnO growth surfaces.
 The first data section of this thesis investigates the mechanism for hydrothermal growth of ZnO in an ammonium hydroxide solution (a common synthesis condition). The products formed at 20−90°C and ambient pressure were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photon Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). Under these conditions, the growth of ZnO occurs via the initial precipitation of e-Zn(OH)2 (Wulfingite), which subsequently dehydrates, to form Wurtzite ZnO. Isotope tracking experiments show that most of the oxygen atoms do not mix with water during the conversion from Wulfingite to ZnO, and thus that the reaction proceeds via conversion in the solid phase, as well as dissolution and re-precipitation.
 The dissolution of ZnO, which is the complementary process to growth, was then studied in situ using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) under alkaline conditions. The etching of the three native surfaces of ZnO,(0001), (000-1), and (10-10) was investigated. In aqueous NaOH solution the (0001) plane forms a stepped surface, whereas the (000-1) plane converts into more stable {10-1-1} planes. Dissolution of the (10-10) plane leaves a combination of {10-1-1} and (0001) planes with {10-11} risers. Dissolution in solutions containing both NaOH and trisodium citrate causes the (0001) plane steps to increase in number and reduce in height, and cause an overall increase in the rate of dissolution in the directions. The stability of the (0001) and {10-1-1} planes is attributed to their lower average number of surface oxygens per zinc tetrahedra (1 and 1.5 respectively) than the (000-1) and {10-10} planes (both having 3). This is because Zn tetrahedra with a lower number of exposed surface oxygen are more difficult to convert into a soluble Zn species as the Zn-O-Zn bonds of the solid are not as exposed to solution. The formation of the meta-stable surfaces is caused by the dissolution of the edge of the plane.
 The final section of this work large explored the adsorption of small organic molecules to single crystals of ZnO. Single crystals of ZnO were prepared such that the vast majority of a surface consisted of a single crystal plane, as shown by AFM, yet still retained the native hydroxide layer. The presence of the hydroxide layer was confirmed by XPS. The beam path of an infrared spectrometer was modified such that attenuated total internal reflectance spectroscopy could be performed on the faces of these crystals to determine adsorption to a single crystal plane. The results show that citrate strongly and selectively adsorbs to the face. Studies on the derivatives of citrate indicate that two carboxylate groups separated by three carbon atoms is the key structural component for adsorption to (0001) ZnO. Finally, these results show that ethylenediamine strongly and selectively adsorbs to the (10-10) surface.
 These findings show that small molecules strongly and specifically adsorb to different ZnO surfaces based on their chemical functionality and molecular shape. Furthermore by selectively adsorbing to a particular ZnO surface, a molecule encourages the preferential growth of that surface.


A B S T R A C T The paper represents a theoretical and experimental approach on solar equipment use to produce hot water. The capability is one of the fundamental criterion referring to the achievement of quality and performance of the system.wich produce thermal energy Before the introduction of the statistical control of thermal energy production, a compatibility analysis is done which is supposed to establish if the set tolerances by specifications are compatible with the installations' capacity of satisfying these demands. We need to evaluate the performance of a thermal energy production system This is given by certain characteristics, especially important being those which represent exigencies of comfort, for example of the thermal one, and economic exigencies in exploitation, predominant being the fuel consumption and implicitly its cost..


A comprehensive laboratory study of N{sub 2} miscible flooding for enhanced recovery of light crude oil was performed. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of N{sub 2} is a major constraint to its EOR application, so an empirical correlation for MMP estimation was developed and found to be reliable. Supporting work included many in-house slim-tube displacement determinations of MMP and the compilation and analysis of previously published data. The reservoir fluid composition, especially the amounts of the methane and ethane-through-pentane fractions, was found to be the major determining factor for miscibility. High-pressure coreflooding tests with sandstone cores were performed to evaluate the effects of gravity stability and injection mode on the N{sub 2} miscible process. N{sub 2}-gas miscible flooding successfully recovered most of the oil from laboratory cores. Gravity-stable and gravity-unstable displacements gave different oil recoveries, as did secondary and tertiary N{sub 2} displacements.


1. The name of the product design: drug packaging (Glibenclamide Metformin sheet I). 2. Purpose of product design: pharmaceutical packaging. 3. The design of the design features: a front view. 4. The best indicator of photo design elements: the main view.


Under the condition of medium temperature(37±2℃),a 3L mesophilic UASB reactor is used to treat the high SO42-and high COD pharmaceutical wastewater.Under steady condition and influent COD of 9500mg/L,influent SO42-of 2500~3500mg/L,the volumetric COD loading could reach 9.5kgCOD/m3·d with HRT of 24 hours and SO42-removal rate over 70%,COD removal rate over 70%,corresponding to the optimal COD/SO42-ratio is 2.5~3.This experiment offers a reference for the anaerobic treatment technology of pharmaceutical wastewater.


The study assessed performance and state of water retention infrastructure of eight (8) irrigation schemes in three (3) northern regions of Ghana. Data was collected using field observation and key informants' interviews. The results indicated that the Tono and Bontanga earthen irrigation dams' embankments had no structural defects whereas the embankments of Libga, Golinga, Karni, Vea, Doba and Sankana had some structural defects. Except Libga, all the spillways had no structural deficiencies and signs of risk of failure. All the reservoirs contained some amounts of sediments and weeds. The night storage reservoirs at Tono and Vea were weedy and silted up. The developed irrigable areas of Vea, Tono, Doba, Sankana and Karni schemes had average irrigation rates ranging from 12 - 76 % for the years 2010 - 2017. The water retention infrastructure of the irrigation schemes are recommended for maintenance and periodic repairs to ensure sustainable water retention and availability for crop irrigation.


Some Properties of the positive solution of linear algebraic equations are discussed.A necessary and sufficient condition for existence of the positive solution is given.Still are given method of calculation and some applications of the positive solution.


This study examines social work roles practitioners have taken in the treatment of Dementia with Alzheimer's patients and their families, within the last decade. The 37-question mail-out survey used to quantify these roles gathered data on demographics, clinical behavior, family involvement, evaluation instruments, activities, and treatment environment. Results indicated that the level of involvement of social workers with clients and their families was low. Findings also showed that while most of the facilities surveyed did not have intensive day treatment programs, psychotropic medications were currently being used by these facilities to minimize verbal and physical assaults. Findings also suggested that dementia affects people of every ethnic group and the role of social work may need to reflect more of a case-management position for both clients and their significant others. While some recommendations for change were made, more research needs to be done on the needs of this special population.


Under the influence of industralization,in the nineteenth century,the British lower-classes women education developed rapidly on an unprecedented scale and presented unequal characteristics in the goals,content and time of education.The unequality of education once again confirmed women's second-place status in families and society.But the development of lower-classes women education raised women's cultural level to a certain extent,promoted the reform of women education and the development of education towards the equality of sexes and laid down the basis for women entering new employment fields and the change of their low family and society status.


Objective: Physical activity has been commonly measured as time spent in bouts of at least 10 minutes, however, each minute of physical activity achieved in a day is now regarded as beneficial. This study aims to compare differences in total time spent walking in a week to time spent walking in 10‐minute bouts over the same seven‐day period.


: This paper introduces four common methods (ultrasonography, blood biochemical examination, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) for early screening of liver cancer and the core principles of detection with the story of detectives tracking suspects. This paper takes the high-risk population of primary liver cancer as the main subject, combines the knowledge of medicine and analytical chemistry, popularizes the early detection process of liver cancer, encourages the population with high risk of liver cancer to have regular physical examination, and enables people to have a more comprehensive understanding of cancer detection.


In this paper we report the crystal structure and superconductivity of (Ln= Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd and Dy). The lattice parameters of these compounds decrease nearly linearly with the decrease of the average ionic radius of the rare-earth element (Ln, Ce), and the superconducting transition temperatures of these compounds increase as the ionic radius of the rare-earth element Ln decreases from Pr to Gd. has the highest -values K, K) which, to our knowledge, are also the highest -values reported for any 1222 phase. The superconductivity of the system is affected by many factors: (i) the coupling effect between planes; (ii) the charge-carrier concentration in the planes; and (iii) the degree of buckling of planes.


Jack Goody and I met in Italy in 2004, when I invited him to give a talk at the University of Teramo, in the central Italian region of Abruzzo, where I was then teaching. Goody had a special relationship to the place, and he was keen to visit again as a free man: nearly 60 years before he had been there as a prisoner-of-war and as a fugitive hiding in the mountains during the last year of World War II, in the troubled times that followed the armistice between Italy and the Allies. As he has often explained when asked about the origins of his anthropological interests, these lie here, in his war travels and tribulations in the Middle East and Mediterranean Europe; and especially in the time he spent in Italy, hidden in caves with the help of local shepherds, having jumped off a train taking him from one prison camp to another one in Germany, where he actually ended up a few months after having been recaptured. The memoir he started behind the German barbed wire is in many ways already an anthropologist's fieldwork diary, as Goody describes with equal detail and detachment emerging forms of social organization in the camps, kinship patterns of the pastoral society of Abruzzo, the leisurely but precarious life-style of a diverse international society during wartime in Rome. Upon his return to England after the war, he completed his degree in English but then undertook anthropology; he might have done sociology, he says, had the choice been there. The rest, as they say, is (anthropology's) history. But these adventurous and unusual beginnings of his 'fieldwork' might be significantly connected to that irreverent, wideranging, unbounded (especially by disciplinary cautions) curiosity which has made Goody one of the most important and challenging contemporary scholars of cultures. As a young captive army officer, as well as an established scholar, Goody masters that difficult art of balancing the external, dispassionate and precise perspective of the observer, with an


A review of methods of a synthesis of industrially manufactured polyimides (PI) has been done. Two-step method based on the suitable polyamide acid (PAA) preparation and its imidization to PI as well as one-step method consisting in direct polycondensation of aromatic tetracarboxylic acids' di-anhydrides with aromatic diamines were described. PAA physicochemical properties (especially hydrolysis ability) and imidization mechanism were discussed. The effect of chemical structure of PI discussed on the conformation of their macromolecules as well as on some mechanical and thermal properties has been characterized. Basic information concerning polyetherimides, polyamideimides, fluorinated PI and poly(bismaleateimides) were also given in the review.


Electrical conductivity measurements of the fast ionic conductor Li_(0.18)La_(0.61)TiO_(3) have been conducted at temperatures ranging from 8 to 300 K and frequencies between 20 Hz and 5 MHz. A detailed analysis of the ac conductivity shows the existence of a crossover between two different regimes. At high temperatures and/or low frequencies correlated ion hopping is responsible for a power-law frequency dependent and thermally activated ac conductivity. On the other hand, at sufficiently low temperatures and/or high frequencies, the ions do not have enough thermal energy or time to hop between neighboring sites, and remain caged. The ac conductivity is then characterized by a linear frequency dependence (i.e., the equivalent of a nearly constant loss) and by a weak exponential temperature dependence of the form exp(T/T_(0)). A crossover between the two regimes is found, which is thermally activated with an activation energy E50.17 eV, significantly lower than that observed for the dc conductivity, E_(δ)50.4 eV. From this result, it is shown that the so-called "augmented Jonscher expression" fails to describe the ac conductivity in the whole frequency and temperature ranges. All these findings suggest that the nearly constant loss originates from electrical loss occurring during the time regime while the ion is still confined in the potential-energy minimum. Further, it is proposed that the loss mechanism involves some type of process where the potential-energy minimum relaxes in time on a time scale much shorter than the ionic hopping time scale. At longer times, as soon as the ion has significant probability of being thermally activated out of the potential well, the nearly constant loss terminates and correlated ion hopping becomes the only contribution to the ac conductivity.


An experimental search for absorption lines of HNC is presented. A fused silica tube containing HCN and helium was heated up to 900 K to sufficiently populate the lower HNC states of the HCN/HNC system and to allow spectroscopic observation of HNC. The search was carried out in the near infrared region from 7230 cm -1 to 7240 cm -1 . No previous spectroscopic measurements of HNC had been done in this region yet. The spectra were measured with an IR CRDS spectrometer. Temperature dependences of the absorption coefficients were calculated in order to aid the identification of observed absorption lines. Observed spectra were cross-referenced with the HITRAN database to exclude spectral lines which do not belong to HNC.


This study was conducted to describe the thematic structure in the news of Waspada Newspaper. The objectives of the study are 1) to describe the types of themes which are used in the sport texts of Waspada Newspaper and 2) to find the reasons why the structure of themes used in the ways they are. This study was conducted in descriptive qualitative design. The source of data was obtained from the clauses in sport texts of Waspada that consists of six sport texts. In analyzing the thematic structure, there are three kinds of theme: textual, interpersonal and ideational or topical. It was taken by applying documentary technique. The findings showed that unmarked multiple theme is the most dominant, unmarked simple theme is the second one Comparing with other themes, the marked multiple theme gets the third while the marked simple theme is the least dominant theme in sport texts of Waspada newspaper.


A nucleic acid molecule encoding a polypeptide having activity of laccase enzyme having a pH optimum between 5-8 and functioning at pH 3-9 and a temperature of 30 - 80, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group consisting of: a) a nucleic acid molecule comprising the coding region of the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; b) a nucleic acid molecule encoding a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; c) a nucleic acid molecule comprising a coding sequence that differs from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or Figure 15 due to degeneracy of the genetic code; d) a nucleic acid molecule that hybridizes under stringent conditions to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1; Y


THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE of this study is to appraise the factors which operate through time to bring about changes in the fund requirements of a selected list of companies.1 Included among the factors which are considered are: sales volume, price levels, business conditions, inventory valuation methods, and changes in scale of operations. A more specific objective is to examine the utility of sales volume as an index of working fund requirements. In other words, we seek to answer the question: Do the current assets of a company historically fluctuate with sales volume in a manner which is sufficiently stable to permit a generalization of its demand for funds? The scatter diagram or correlation chart is used in the analysis with sales on the horizontal axis and current assets on the vertical axis. For the several current assets-cash, accounts receivable, and inventories-a model is developed which represents the theoretical relationship that each asset is expected to bear to sales. Actual data obtained from corporate reports to stockholders covering years from 1930 to 1948 are then compared to these models. In most cases the data are first adjusted for price changes. The behavior patterns of corporate financial data generally conformed to the theoretical models. Particularly noteworthy were the indications of minimum or base stocks in the inventory-sales relationships, which suggest that the well-known fluctations in stocksales ratios may be a natural volume effect rather than a purely cyclical phenomenon. On the average, the current assets, individually and in total, varied directly and linearly with sales. The year-to-year movements of these variables often departed from the average pattern, however, because of changing economic conditions, dynamic business


Aim: is to present 24 years survivorship analysis of 1033 posterior cruciate retaining knee arthroplasties and to identify inherent risk factors, which can lead to higher rates of failure. Materials: 1033 primary total knee arthroplasties with posterior cruciate retention done under the supervision of one surgeon and were followed in a prospective fashion. Results: No patient was lost to follow-up. The minimum follow-up in living patients was of 10 years. Average age at surgery was 69.5 years. 89 knees (9%) had rheumatoid arthritis. Revision was done in 26 (2.5%) for failure and in 5(0.48%) knees for infection. The probability of survival of implant for revision was 95% at 15 years, 89 at 20 years and 83% at 24 years. The survivorship for OA was 82% and 94% was for RA (log rank, p=0.07). Survival for males was 89% and 81% for females (p= 0.53). The regression analysis showed length of follow-up (0.03) was signiþcant and prosthesis design (p=0.001) while age at surgery (p=0.75) and diagnosis (p=0.64) were not. Conclusion: The long term survival was 83% at 24 years of primary total knee arthroplasty. The signiþcant of length of follow-up and prosthetic designs resects the use of the implant, and of indirectly suggestive of polyethylene wear.


This paper presents a pseudo single-stage (PSS) amplifier with an adaptively varied medium impedance node to achieve an ultra-high slew rate (SR) and at the same time stable operation in a wide capacitive load range. Owing to the characteristics of the proposed technique, this amplifier achieves a 1.1-to-8.67 V/μs slew rate and a 0.01-to-1.66 MHz unity gain frequency over a 0.1-to-15 nF capacitive load (CL) with an over 69° phase margin while consuming a total quiescent power of only 7.4 μW. This chip was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with a silicon area of 0.0021 mm2.


When only sawtooth wave which is formed by line fhyback pulse past integrator circuit is entered to AFC,C 1、C 2 of the circuit don't reach the Umax when they are charged,and there is a amount of charge on C 1、C 2 when Circuit of AFC is stable,Uafc doesn't equal to Zero.


The covariant dynamics of a single classical electron subjected to the electromagnetic field of an intense, linearly polarized, ultrashort laser pulse in vacuum is studied in the context of the Dirac-Lorentz equation, which has long been suggested as a possible theory which includes radiative reaction. The Dirac-Lorentz equation is integrated numerically using Dirac{close_quote}s suggestion that the acausal (no runaway) solution should produce physically interesting consequences. This appears to be the case in our Compton scattering calculations, although the exact meaning of the results is not clear. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Metal magnetic memory(MMM) technology is a new and scientific non-destructive testing technology.Compared with the other non-destructive testing technology,the MMM technology is more convenient,more exactly,more reliable in this field.In the paper,at first,the basic conception and principles of the MMM technology are depicted,secondly,the difference between the MMM and the self-magnetization phenomena are introduced.Finally, analyzing the developing situation of the MMM technology,the developing direction of the MMM non-destructive testing technology is suggested for the future.


Background: T1mapping is a technique that improves tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and there is growing evidence favoring its use as a tool for early diagnosis and stratification. We present the results of native myocardial T1 quantification in a 3.0 T field in healthy individuals, in order to provide local reference values. Methods: A total of 124 consecutive adults with normal studies, referred to our center for CMR, were included in the study. T1 relaxation time was measured in a midventricular short axis slice, analyzing age and sex dependance. For comparison, 27 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 11 with dilated cardiomyopathy and 8 with cardiac amyloidosis were also included. Results: Mean global T1mapping of the 124 studies analyzed was 1220.7 ±21.2 msec, and rounding to unity, 1178-1263 msec (p5-p95) was considered as "normal range". A slightly longer T1 time was observed in women and no differences were found with respect to age. Excellent reproducibility was obtained, evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (0.97) and Bland-Altman plot. T1 mapping values were significantly higher in both groups of individuals with cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: We report normal values of native T1 mapping in a local healthy adult population. Times were slightly higher in women, a difference that was not considered clinically relevant. When comparing with individuals with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, a very good discrimination was obtained between the 3 populations. The interobserver variability was very low


Objective: To investigate the expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene and its correlation with clinicopathological features and correlation with mismatch repair protein (mainly MLH1 and MSH2) in human sporadic colorectal carcinoma (SCC). Methods:Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to determine the expression of FHIT, MLH1 and MSH2 protein in surgically resected specimens of 84 human SCC. Results:The positive rates of FHIT, MLH1 and MSH2 protein expression were 48.81%, 92.86% and 100% respectively.Loss or reduced expression of FHIT protein was not related with tumors clinicopathological features such as age, gender,tumors site and histological type (P>0.05), but was correlated with tumors invade depth, degree of the differentiation, Ducks' stage and metastasis (P<0.05). There was no relationship between FHIT gene expression and MLH1 protein (r=0.0991, P>0.05) and MSH2 protein (r=0.0000, P=l.00) expression in human SCC. Conclusion:Absent or reduction of FHIT gene expression consists of high proportion and is a frequent event in SCC. FHIT gene is involved in the development and progression of human SCC and may be a candidate tumors suppressor gene. The relationship between alteration of FHIT gene expression and mismatch repair protein (mainly MLH1 and MSH2)deserved further study in human SCC.


On 31 August, 2007, the Austrian Cartel Court rejected an application seeking a declaratory judgement on a past infringement of Austrian and EC provisions on the grounds that the applicants…


The relation among the plate area S ,separation between the plates d ,permittivity of oil e ,permittivity of the wear particles' material e _1 and probability density distribution function of the wear particles'size,was investigated with the Gauss'theorem for electromagnetics.The derivative of the capacity C with respect to the number of the wear particles n was defined as the sensor's sensitivity Δ _n.It shows:① Δ _n is not affected by plate area S ;② Δ _n has approximately a negative exponent relation with d ;③ Δ _n is mostly proportional to ratio e _1/ e .


Wave profile and equation of state (EOS) data are reported for low-porosity polycrystalline magnesium oxide under shock compression. The Hugoniot equation of state between 14 and 133 GPa is U_S = 6.87(10) + 1.24(4)u_p, where the numbers in parentheses are one standard deviation uncertainties in the last digit(s). Reverse-impact wave profiles constrain the compressional sound velocity, V_p, at 10–27 GPa to ±2%. Measured V_p values are consistent with ultrasonic data extrapolated from 3 GPa. By combining the Hugoniot results with ultrasonic data, the adiabatic bulk modulus and its first and second pressure derivatives at constant entropy are 162.5(2) GPa, 4.09(9), and −0.019(4) GPa^(−1). The shear modulus and its first and second pressure derivatives are 130.8(2) GPa, 2.5(1), −0.026(45) GPa^(−1). Polycrystalline MgO has a compressive yield strength of 1–1.5 GPa at the elastic limit which increases to 2.7(8) GPa along the Hugoniot and is similar at unloading. Wave profiles for MgO at 10–39 GPa are described using a modified elastic-plastic model. There are significant differences in the dynamic response of single-crystal and polycrystalline MgO.


The paper highlights the particular features of students' independent work in the process of their studying the history of Russian literature of the 19th century.


The World Wide Web is a perfect medium for electronic retailers who specialize in cutthroat price competition (Coyle, 2002; Shulman, 1999; Wingfield, 2002). Amazon.com, for instance, has been taking a leading role in an on-line bestseller price war. In May of 1999 when Amazon.com cut its list price for bestsellers in half, Barnesandnoble.com and Borders.com quickly followed. Again, in 2002, a second price war started when Amazon lowered the minimum order size of $49 from $99 to qualify its customers for free shipping on most items - its fourth price cut in the past 11 months. The battle for the lowest prices among e-retailers has left most Internet shoppers little incentive to go bargain hunting at other sites (Mossberg, 2000). E-retailers must monitor and collect competitors' price information in order to win the raging price war and increase e-commerce sales. In order to do this, office personnel are usually assigned to manually search and read price changes from competitors' Web sites. However, such a process is arduous, costly and inefficient. In an attempt to reduce cost and improve efficiency in price gathering process, 1 inquiry is being made into ways of automation and computerization. This paper describes the design and development of an Internet application system, code named "ePrice Comparator," that automates the monitoring and collecting of prices from Web sites of targeted competitors on an hourly basis.


Rail transportation, in both city and intercity scenarios is becoming a golden standard for dealing with city congestion and increased commute times. As rail-based alternatives raise in scope and economic impact, monitoring and maintaining rail infrastructure in optimum conditions becomes and increasing challenge for rail transport companies and public infrastructure developers. Rail quality has a determinant role in the overall services quality, average line speeds and perceived ride quality – and is thus a prime candidate for priority monitoring. As rail tracks stretch for thousands of kilometers, monitoring through classical means and technology is work intensive, costly and inefficient. The proposed work aims to empower rail infrastructure companies with the means to constantly monitor and diagnose rail quality in specific segments. The proposed solution consists of a train-mounted device and a set of algorithms capable of detecting deficiencies in the railway tracks. The monitoring system was mounted in order to collect the data inside the tram 41, 42 and on a test bogie in Dudesti depot from Bucharest. The current tests demonstrated the system viability and set the stage for further development into a city-wide monitoring solution.


The study was aimed at determining responses of several sweet corn varieties to organic and inorganic fertilizers on tsunami affected land and knowing interactions between both factors on growth and yield of sweet corn. The experiment was conducted in Village of Lampuuk, Lhoknga, District of Aceh Besar, from January 7 to March 19, 2008. This research was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), 3 x 3 with 3 replications. There were two factors studied, namely fertilizations, consisting of 3 levels: 100% organic fertilizer, 50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizers and 100% inorganic fertilizers. The second factor was varieties, consisting of 3 levels: Sweet Boy, Hawaiian Sweet Corn Hybrid F1 and Super Bee. The results showed that fertilization significantly affected ear weight with and without cornhusk, but did not affect diameter of ear and seed rows per ear. The highest result was found at a treatment of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizers, but was not significantly different from 100% organic fertilizer. Varieties showed no significant effects on all variables observed.  There were significant interactions between fertilizations and varieties on plant height at age 42 and 63 day after planting (DAP), leaf length at age 21, 42, and 63 DAP, and root fresh weight at age 21 DAP.  The best plant growth was found at a combination of Sweet Boy   and 50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer.


The performance of the original implementation of biomolecule electrostatic simulation using the precorrected-FFT method can be improved via both pre-processing input data and modifications to the implementation. Techniques used for these improvements are described and the resulting effects are analyzed. Potential areas for further speedup are discussed. Thesis Supervisor: Jacob K. White Title: Professor


Life‐long mental stimulation through occupational complexity has been associated with late‐life cognition and might affect the rate of cognitive changes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing preventive interventions for dementia. The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01041989) is a landmark RCT that tested a lifestyle‐based multidomain intervention in 1260 community‐dwellers aged 60‐77 years at increased risk of dementia. Participants were randomized to either a group that received general health advice, or a 2‐year multidomain intervention that incorporated dietary counselling, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular/metabolic risk monitoring. The intervention improved global cognition (primary outcome) and cognitive sub‐domains including executive function, processing speed, and memory. This study aimed to test if the cognitive benefits of the 2‐year multimodal intervention were linked to baseline levels of occupational complexity.


The mathematical model of oil feeding process of the wet clutch was developed in which the pressure is controlled by the PWM digital proportional relief valve,and the model was solved in MSC Easy5.The result indicates that the PWM digital proportional relief valve meets the demand of characteristics of the buffering pressure for shifting on vehicle,and the pressure in shifting process is stable and controllable.The experimental result is identical with the calculated result basically,so the mathematical model is correct.


Abstract:From 1945 to 1948, prominent Jewish relief organizations in the United States (Hadassah, the Joint Distribution Committee, the United Palestine Appeal, and the United Jewish Appeal) launched worldwide Zionist media campaigns to support the rehabilitation and resettlement of Holocaust survivors. The campaign, which was based on short documentaries the organizations produced and newsletters they published, influenced attitudes towards the Holocaust and the survivors. This essay analyzes the representation of the Holocaust and Holocaust survivors in these films and newsletters. It discusses the narratives promoted by these organizations, the ways their media campaigns commemorated the Holocaust, and the identities they crafted for Holocaust survivors. It contributes to the ongoing debate as to whether American Jews marginalized the Holocaust until the 1960s. It shows that Jewish relief organizations produced films and published newsletters that dealt directly with the Holocaust and the survivors' pleas in the three years immediately following World War II.


The current course of human development, along with its driving forces such as globalization and urbanization, appears to be rapid and inevitable. Hence ensuring bio-security against emerging and re-emerging diseases is among the top challenges in this day and age. The present paper will discuss some of the projects that are being conducted internationally towards realizing the aim of ensuring bio-security through a variety of research approaches, many of which were developed in the past decade. In particular, we focus on the research methodology developed by the authors to enable parametric modeling of immunologic profiles of individual subjects, which can be further extended to large groups and populations.


Cath Hancock, Staff Development Officer at Cardiff University, and Alison Clayton of Cameron McKenna have supplied us with two articles addressing aspects of the recruitment and selectiom process. This article from Cath Hancock concentrates on the pre-intervies process but also looks briefly at post-interview issues.


In this paper, we present a longitudinal case study of a power sector start-up in India. Using the case as a starting point, we carefully analyse and explore the opportunities and challenges of implementing a small hydro power project in India. Using this case study, we identify the key success factors for a company to succeed in this sector. Based on first-hand observation of the progress of this project over a period of two years, this study draws important lessons for entrepreneurs as well as policy planners for the promotion of entrepreneurship in emerging markets in general. Recognising the limitations of inferences based on a single case study, we offer suggestions on how future research could validate the findings of this study using broader survey-based methodologies.


Predation has been observed as an important behavior modifier in Gray Squirrels Sciurus carolinensis for forested populations. A study was conducted in an urban environment measuring differences in squirrel foraging behaviors based on the presence of an olfactory predator cue, fox urine. Trials measuring the amount of time spent foraging at fixed corn cobs versus individual kernels of corn were recorded across 5 days at a single site. We determined that there was no relationship between the ratio of total time spent at the cob to total time spent foraging for cue and for non-cue (t= -1.084, df=4.059, p=0.3385). Further studies should compare urban populations to forested populations as well as the importance of different types of sensory cues as modifiers of squirrel foraging behavior.


The distributed generation (DG) locations have significant impacts on network reliability and loss. This paper presents a method for optimal DG allocation and sizing in distribution systems in order to reduce network loss and improve system reliability at the lowest cost. For this purpose, a multi-objective cost function considering active power loss, reliability index and DG cost is used to find the optimal size and location of DG units. Also, a load duration curve including four load levels with different weighting factor is considered. Moreover, the optimization technique that is based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is implemented. In this paper, ECOST index is considered for reliability evaluation in the cost function and also, the effects system reconfiguration, is also considered for reliability assessment. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems are employed and the results obtained reveal the effectiveness of proposed method.


As part of a comprehensive study about violence against women (VaW) and media, we used a method of content analysis of newspapers, television and radio news in Mexico in two time periods in 2011 to determine the treatment of VaW in the news. 8,610 press news sources, 4,719 TV news sources and 3,855 radio news sources were classified and analyzed from a national coverage media selection. The results show that visibility in the news does not contribute to present VaW as a social problem of public interest, related to the inequality between women and men. Instead, information about individual cases prevails, without mention or analysis of the social or structural problem. Also, different treatment and degrees of importance and visibility have been identified for each media. Television is the media that least mentions the responsibilities of the State and society in the fight for eliminating violence against women.


Schizophrenia (SZ), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is one of the most severe and common psychiatric conditions, affecting globally 1% of adult population. Stemming from complex gene-environment interactions, in a significant subset of patients, SZ is characterized by immune dysfunctions that include early inefficient anti-infectious responses as well disease-associated chronic low-grade inflammation and comorbid autoimmune conditions (1). In such intersections between infection, inflammation and autoimmunity, the key genetic platform for both innate and adaptive immune processes is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) which encompasses the prominent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. The HLA system is the most polymorphic region of the human genome and its allelic diversity is essential for antigen presentation to immune effector cells and downstream humoral and cellular immune responses. Hence, characterizing the HLA allelic diversity allows not only to evaluate the potential genetic relationship between the HLA system and a given disease but also to understand its impact on pathophysiological processes (2).


A novel subspace identification algorithm is proposed based on self-adaptive variable forgetting factor to deal with the problem of low convergence rate in traditional algorithms.The update form of input-output data Hankel matrices is redesigned.The self-adaptive forgetting factor is realized with the help of Euclidean-distance of eigenvalues of the identified system matrix.In order to eliminate the effect of old data,a modified algorithm is designed based on the finite-memory method.Theoretical proof and simulation results show that the tracking response of the modified algorithm is faster and the performance is better than the traditional algorithms.


Abstract A screening procedure has been developed to predict the average sequence distribution in vinyl copolymers from monomer 13C-NMR data. The 13C-NMR absorption frequencies of the carbon atoms of the polymerizable double bond are used to calculate the Alfrey-Price Q and e values as previously described by Borchardt and Dalrymple. These, in turn, are used to calculate the monomer reactivity ratios. Reactivity ratios for 54 copolymerizations were calculated by this procedure and compared to literature values. The copolymer sequence distribution may then be determined by means of a computer program written by Harwood. The sequence distribution in copolymers of methacrylic acid and dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, 1,1-dichloroethylene and methacrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate and n-butyl methacrylate, and acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate were calculated from reactivity ratios derived from 13C-NMR data and compared to literature values. This p...


The visualization and interaction of the photolithography simulation result is useful and challenging. We introduce algorithms that include an automatic sorting algorithm, a transformation model and a dynamic loading algorithm to visualize the large-scale photolithography simulation data in three dimensions in real-time. The automatic sorting algorithm is presented to resort the data output by simulator. And the transformation model converts light intensity data into depth data for 3D modelling. Moreover, the dynamic loading algorithm realizes the out of core visualization. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithms are effective for photolithography simulation data with 3D large-scale interactive visualization in real-time.


This paper aims to reevaluate the Taylor Rule, through a linear and a nonlinear method, such that its estimated federal funds rates match those actually previously implemented by the Federal Reserve Bank. In the linear method, this paper uses an OLS regression model to find more accurate coefficients within the same Taylor Rule equation in which the dependent variable is the federal funds rate, and the independent variables are the inflation rate, the inflation gap, and the output gap. The intercept in the OLS regression model would capture the constant equilibrium target real interest rate set at 2. The linear OLS method suggests that the Taylor Rule overestimates the output gap and standalone inflation rate's coefficients for the Taylor Rule. The coefficients this paper suggests are shown in equation (2). In the nonlinear method, this paper uses a machine learning system in which the two inputs are the inflation rate and the output gap and the output is the federal funds rate. This system utilizes gradient descent error minimization to create a model that minimizes the error between the estimated federal funds rate and the actual previously implemented federal funds rate. Since the machine learning system allows the model to capture the more realistic nonlinear relationship between the variables, it significantly increases the estimation accuracy as a result. The actual and estimated federal funds rates are almost identical besides three recessions caused by bubble bursts, which the paper addresses in the concluding remarks. Overall, the first method provides theoretical insight while the second suggests a model with improved applicability.


Air-borne laser range scanning technology (LIDAR) is able to quickly generate massive amounts of densely spaced points that sample the elevation of a terrain. We describe a streaming technique that is able to extract high-resolution iso-contour elevation lines from such large data sets using significantly less memory than the processed input points and the produced output lines. Optional on-the-fly simplification can makes the produced iso-contours more tractable for immediate visualization and smooth out scanning error. By keeping point, mesh, and line data in streaming formats containing "finalization tags," we connect individual batch operations into a streaming processing pipeline that instantly begins producing final iso-contour output.


The development of our world, demanding the power supply which is produced by combustion of coal. Unfortunately, the million of tons of fly ash and related-products have been generated. To overcome these problems, fly ash was used in term of geopolymer to produce precast structure, non structural elements, concrete pavements, concrete products and immobilization of toxic waste that are resistant to toxic waste that are resistant to heat and aggressive environment Geopolymer is a material produced by inorganic poly-condensation, i.e., by socalled "geopolymerization." The process comprises dissolution of aluminosilicate followed by condensation of free silicate and aluminate species to form a three-dimensional structure of silico-aluminate structures. This process involving alumino-silicate materials is a complex process that has yet to be described fully. Several studies focused the dissolution reaction of fly ash, rate of reaction, thermodynamic properties of the reaction and mechanism of hardening process involved in geopolymerisation.The raw materials of geopolymer, such as kaolinitic clays, metakaolin, fly ashes, blast furnace slag, mixtures of fly ashes and slag, mixtures of fly ashes and metakaolin, mixtures of slag and metakaolin, mixtures of slag and red mud, and mixtures of fly ashes and non-calcined materials like kaolin and stilbite have significant effects on the properties of the resulting geopolymer. Recent studies have been conducted to determine the effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratios on the properties of the geopolymer, such as compressive strength, setting time, strength development, composition of the gel phase, and the microstructure of the alkaliactivated material. It is evident that several factors related to the chemistry of the raw materials and the production of the geopolymer affect the performance of the final geopolymer products. Keywords; Chemical composition; Crystallinity; Fly ash; Geopolymer


The Affordable Care Act (ACA) not only changed the landscape of health insurance coverage in the United States but also affected the relationship between working decisions and health insurance. In this paper, we estimate the impact of the ACA on the near elderly (ages 60–64) in the 5 years after the implementation of its key provisions in early 2014. We exploit variation across geographic areas in the preexisting level of uninsurance and use 65–69-year-olds, whose insurance coverage was unaffected by the ACA, as a within-region control group. Our findings indicate that the ACA increased health insurance coverage among the near elderly by 4.5 percentage points and reduced their labor force participation rate by 0.6 percentage points.


Infant growth patterns by birth weight were assessed weekly in two villages in Madura Indonesia in 1982-85. Virtually all 658 infants were breast-fed during the first year with minimal use of milk substitutes. Banana and rice were force-fed soon after birth; older infants received egg fish and fruit based on demand. However few infants consumed more than 300 kcal/day from food other than breast milk. There was no association between energy intake from additional food and milk intake/number of feeds until 25-32 weeks. Birth weight and maternal postpartum body mass index were significant determinants of postnatal growth. Although low-birth-weight (LBW) infants demonstrated catch-up weight gain in the first 2 months they began to falter at 5 months. Among all infants there was a pattern of length being maintained at the level at birth or faltering. No consistent relationships emerged between weight gain and dietary intake suggesting the presence of non-dietary growth-limiting factors. More information about postnatal growth potential was provided by the length of newborns than their proportionality. At 6 months of age short and heavy neonates (regardless of birth weight) showed greater weight and length gains in relation to their birth weights and lengths than long and light neonates. At 12 months these long light infants were close to the cutoff below which malnutrition exists. The progressive deterioration in weight and length gain in the second half of infancy appears attributable to the small quantity and poor quality of weaning foods eaten.


The invention discloses a suspended biological bed minitype domestic sewage treatment system which converts the traditional perforated pipe water distribution mode into the ditch water distribution mode. The system is characterized by comprising at least three water distribution system stages, namely a biological bed first section (1), a biological bed second section (2) and a biological bed third section (3), wherein a pipe network is connected with the water distribution system, a plurality of water distribution ditches (4) are buried in the filler layer, and each ditch top is provided with a porous water distribution board. By adopting the physical method and biological method, the sewage is treated by a pretreatment system (composed of a grid tank and an anaerobic fermentation tank) and enters the water distribution system in which the water distribution system is buried; and after entering the water distribution system, the sewage naturally permeates to the filler layer along the two sides of the water distribution ditches, so that SS (suspended sediment), COD (chemical oxygen demand), N, P and other pollutants carried in the sewage can effectively removed under the absorption action of the plant rhizomes and the trapping action of the filler. The system is divided into multiple stages, thereby enhancing the sewage purification efficiency.


47 INTRODUCTION 48 STUDYAREA 50 METHODS 52 Study Species 52 Vegetation Sampling Procedures 53 Analyses 53 RESULTS 56 Distance-from-raod Effects 56 Temporal Effects 58 Land-cover Effects 60 DISCUSSION 60 LITERATURE CITED 67 APPENDIX II 73 CHAPTER III: RELATIONSHIPS OF CONSERVATION PRACTICES TO GRASSLAND AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL BIRD OCCUPANCY AND ABUNDANCE 80 ABSTRACT 81 81