We report the synthesis and study of structural properties of the new complex-cubic perovskite BNZO. This compound was mixed in volumetric proportions with the high temperature superconductor YBCO. From the patterns of x-ray diffraction we analyzed the chemical stability of the BNZO-YBCO composites. It was concluded that BNZO evidences adequate properties for deposition of YBCO superconducting films.


Despite the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), malalignment continues to be a problem which often leads to post-operative complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a novel, imageless, optical surgical navigation tool to assist with the alignment of femoral and tibial cuts performed during total knee arthroplasty. Six board-certified orthopedic surgeons performed TKA procedures on 9 cadavers (17 knees total), using a novel, imageless navigation system (Intellijoint KNEE, Intellijoint Surgical). Varus/valgus, femoral flexion, tibial slope, and rotation measurements from the device were compared with angular measurements calculated from post-operative computed tomography (CT) images. Navigation measurements were highly correlated with those obtained from CT scan in all three axes. For the femoral cuts, the absolute mean difference in varus/valgus was 0.83° (SD 0.46°, r = 0.76), in flexion was 1.91° (SD 1.16°, r = 0.85), and in rotation was 1.29° (SD 1.01°, r = 0.88) relative to Whiteside's line and 0.97° (SD 0.56°, r = 0.81) relative to the posterior condylar axis. For the tibia, the absolute mean difference in varus/valgus was 1.08° (SD 0.64°, r = 0.85), anterior/posterior slope was 2.78° (SD 1.40°, r = 0.60), and rotation was 2.98° (SD 2.54°, r = 0.79). Intraoperative monitoring with the imageless navigation tool accurately measures femoral and tibial cuts in TKA and may help to increase component alignment.


Title: The Role Of Serum Electrolyte Level In Stroke Prognosis. Abstract: Background and introduction: Acute stroke is one of the common medical emergencies in India that contribute to mortality as well as morbidity. NIHSS scale is still the best clinical conglomerate for initial evaluation of stroke, while Modified Rankin scale performed at 3 months is a simple scale to gauge long-term neurological deficit. Hyponatremia is a common accompanying electrolyte disturbance with short as well as long-term implications in stroke. Aim and objectives: With this background, a study with the following objectives was planned: 1. To estimate the incidence of electrolyte disturbance in acute ischemic stroke, 2. To determine the association of electrolyte disturbances with clinical assessment scales like NIHSS scale, ASPECT score, and MRS-3-month score. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on forty-five patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke diagnosed on imaging studies and evaluated for electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-). Results: 55% patients had some or other electrolyte disturbance, hyponatremia(33%) being the most common, while hyperchloremia(15%) was the second. The NIHSS score showed better correlation with MRS score than ASPECT score or electrolyte disturbances. Conclusion: Hyponatremia was found to be the most common electrolyte disturbance in acute ischemic stroke. This study attempted to underscore the role of electrolyte disturbance in the prognostication of acute stroke. As electrolyte measurement is feasible in low resource settings; its relevance and utility are even more pronounced. Key words: Stroke, NIHSS, MRS-3, Hyponatremia, Serum electrolytes.


Self/Non-self discrimination is the basic mission of the artificial immune systems (AIS). In traditional AIS, detectors discriminate non-self elements based on the Minkowski distance between detectors and antigens. However, in high dimensional feature space the distances between elements converge to a similar value, so the data discrimination will become much difficult. In this article, the relationship between data dimension and data relative contrast is analyzed and the fractional distance is utilized to improve the detection performance.


This paper presents an analysis of power efficiency in LC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Three different class-B topologies are compared under different operating conditions, demonstrating that the CMOS oscillator embedding two tail resonators achieves the best power efficiency and, consequently, best phase-noise-versus-power trade-off. A 65-nm CMOS prototype in post-layout simulations achieves a phase noise of -159 dBc/Hz at 20-MHz offset from the 3.6-GHz carrier, while dissipating 4.5 mW from 1.2-V power supply and covering 21.8% tuning range.


C. PUPILLI,1 P. ROMAGNANI,1 L. LASAGNI,1 F. BELLINI,1 N. MISCIGLIA,1 N. EMOTO,3 M. YANAGISAWA,3 M. RIZZO,2 M. MANNELLI,1 AND M. SERIO1 Department of Clinical Physiopathology, 1Endocrinology Unit and 2Clinic of Urology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; and 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235


Background: The relationship between two biomarkers, soluble tyrosine kinase (sfl t1) and placental growth factor (PIGF) has been described as useful for precocious identifi cation of pregnant women at risk for pre eclampsia Methods: 20 hypertensive pregnant women were included among the twentyand thirty-sixth weeks of pregnancy and a control group of non hypertensive pregnant women was the comparison group. All serum samples were frozen at -80C , and processed simultaneously. The markers were processed Cobas 6000 analyzer from Roche Diagnostics.The cutoff ratio for sFlt-1/PLGF exclusion of preeclampsia described in the package insert of the kit is 33 , with 95% sensitivity and 94% specifi city . Values greater than 85 are suggestive of disease. Results: In the group of pregnant women without hypertension, the average ratio was 22 and in the hypertensive group was 284 . There was a signifi cant difference between the groups evaluating the paired t-test ( p < 0.0001 ) . Group of hypertensive pregnant women showed no relation to the lower cutoff suggested for exclusion of pre -eclampsia . In the group of healthy patients only 2 patients showed higher values compared to the deleting 33 does not preeclampsia are possible. In the group of chronic hypertensive pregnant women 70 % ( 13/20 ) had higher values at 85 . Conclusion: In our sample, the use of markers of preeclampsia was found to be of the most value to clinical practice in the evaluation of patients with potential risk for progression to pre eclampsia . Clinical trials are necessary to follow up in this group of patients


Introduction Acceleration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technologies increases the accuracy of coordinate determination. Obtained from GNSS measurements heights are geodetic (ellipsoidal) heights and for practical use needs to be converted into normal heights, as a distance between point on the physical surface and quasigeoid surface at gravity vector direction. Determination of normal heights from ellipsoidal height depends on the accuracy of GNSS measurements and height anomalies calculated from global, regional or local quasigeoid model as a distance between ellipsoid and quasigeoid surface along the gravity vector. First quasigeoid model GM2005 for Republic of Moldova territory was calculated in 2005 by Ukrainian Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, using 803 GNSS/levelling sites and European Geoid Model EGG97, transformed to Baltic Sea 1977 normal height system [1]. In order to develop high accuracy local gravimetric geoid in 2006 Institute of Geodesy, Engineering Research and Cadastre INGEOCAD subordinated to The Land Relations and Cadastre Agency of Republic of Moldova in cooperation with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) of United States of America performed gravity campaign to establish first order National Gravity Network with accuracy 10 Gal using three LaCoste & Romberg G meters (Fig.1). In order to constrain the relative gravity measurements 3 absolute gravity stations were determined with accuracy 5 Gal, using FG5 absolute gravimeter [2]. The second and third order National Gravity Network (Fig.1) with density of 1 gravity point per 15-20 square km was performed in 2007-2008 by Institute of Geodesy, Engineering Research and Cadastre (INGEOCAD) with accuracy 20 Gal and 40 Gal respectively [3]. In 2012 a new gravimetric quasigeoid model GM2012 was determined by applying the Least Squares Modification of Stokes' formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA), also called the KTH method [4]. To generate and distribute height anomalies for real time normal height determination from GNSS measurements using MOLDPOS service, height reference surface based on precise GNSS/levelling was calculated by Technical University of Moldova in cooperation with Karlsruhe University of Applied Science. The quasigeoid model GM2010 was calculated using HSKA method for digital finite element height reference surface representation as polynomial solution [5]. In 2014 the Land Relations and Cadastre Agency performed GNSS measurements on 1-st and 2-nd order levelling network benchmarks in order to estimate the accuracy of existing quasigeoid models for the Republic of Moldova territory [6].


This paper presents a new framework for power reduction in embedded system by monitoring the system load and rescheduling the requests for devices. It focuses on the device that has different working states and when being idle, can be set into a power-down state. We use an "up-down" method to join the process, which initiates the requests to devices, Transferring Module and devices together. So the requirements specific to every request will be more detailed to power manager to make a decision. The request specific information is calculated in statistical method, which insures the accuracy. Transitions between different states of the device are achieved by breaking an accumulation threshold which evolves from the request specific information mentioned above. Using this framework, running period will be more intensive and there are longer idle period, devices do not have to change states frequently. Because the action of changing states is power consuming, the framework can get obvious reduction in power consumption. We implement this framework on an Intel XScalereg PXA255 development board and on average it can save more than 20% power compared to other power-aware policies.


The hydrothermal synthesis of large grain of ZSM-5was conducted by using low purity TPAOH as template.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicate that the crystallinity and appearance of ZSM-5can be adjusted by the dosage of ethanol.Highly pure and crystallized ZSM-5zeolite can be prepared by adding an appropriate amount of ethanol.


The literature of complex problem solving and system control has focused on how to improve the adaptation of operators to new, unpredictable circumstances. The present work reviews the main methodologies and assumptions that are currently being used in complex, dynamic task to answer questions regarding the adaptability problem, i.e. the work on DuressII (Vicente and Collaborators) and on Firechief (Cañas and collaborators). Some methodological problems for Cañas et al. analysis assumptions that could have important consequences in the results obtained are discussed. This study proposes Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) as an alternative that remedies some of the flaws and adds some interesting new possibilities of analysis, such as coherence measures to assess performance changes in a similar vein as the Within-trial Trajectory Deviation (WTD) used in continuous systems such as DuressII. The study uses an LSA corpus created from the experimental data generated by past experiments in Firechief on adaptation to unpredictable task changes to replicate and extend the results previously obtained. The new LSA approach and results obtained are discussed. The fact that results from both microworlds could be explained by LSA with no modifications in its basic assumptions promises a future common theory and method of complex problem solving.


In light of the growing importance of biofuels in the world and Ukraine's potential of its production, the current research focuses on analyzing the future development of liquid biofuel market and production possibilities in Ukraine. Ukraine has a great competitive advantage in the production of biofuels as availability of the feedstock, fertile soils and supports through investments and know-how from abroad. Whereas the country disadvantageously exports feedstock to Europe for cheaper price and purchase expensive gas and oil instead. Thus, national interest should be shifted from the export of raw material to processing them into final biofuel products. This research aims at analyzing the current status and future projections of the liquid biofuel market in Ukraine until 2030 using the AGMEMOD model - an econometric, dynamic, partial equilibrium, the multi-commodity model. This is a new market for the Ukrainian AGMEMOD model, and it was implemented in the model for the first time. In recent years, Ukraine has worked on the fulfillment of European standards in the sector of biofuels. Ukraine has built a legislative base, which aims to support industry development and offer a large scale of benefits. However, due to high excise duty, low oil prices and no penalties for not achieving established indicators, the biofuel industry currently remains non-operating. The current paper offers the introduction of state aid in form of direct support and tax preferences for liquid biofuels producers to meet the needs of the domestic market in biofuels and to achieve the indicative target of 10% consumption biofuels in the total consumption of motor fuel by transport sector by 2020. The research suggested conditions for the creation of sustainable development of the liquid biofuel market in Ukraine for the long term period. Due to modeling results, it is expected that in the Baseline scenario biofuel production will not face major changes, because the use of raw materials for food and feed consumption, as well as their export, shall remain a more profitable option for Ukrainian producers. However, it is expected to motivate biofuel production by the introduction of a minimum of 10 % biofuel use for the transport sector. In particular, the increase of demand for biofuel by at least 10% shall positively affect the respective domestic market price and, consequently, positively influence on the use of commodities for biofuel production. Therefore, it might be the case that correctly specified domestic policy will trigger the development of biofuel production in Ukraine. This research proposes to introduce the obligatory admixture with traditional gasoline and diesel and return non-excise production of alternative fuel and biodiesel fuel for a certain period (up to 10 years) to achieve the indicative target of 10% biofuels consumption by the transport sector, and then promote the excise duty at an economically justified level of 10-20% of the excise tax rate on traditional gasoline and diesel. All the above measures, such as direct support for liquid biofuels producers, tax incentives for producers and the introduction of a mandatory mixing rate, will contribute to achieving the indicative target of 10 % consumption biofuels by the transport sector.


ABSTRACT The effects of management mode and intensity both on growth parameters (diameter and height of sprouts) and soil fertility were studied in experimental plots in coppice chestnut forests of Athos and Pelion mountains – Greece. The empirical management practice applied in Athos is intensive with a rotation period every 20–22 years, including removal of timber products during selective loggings and final clear-cut loggings. The management type applied in Pelion by the Forest Service is more flexible (much longer rotation period) with remaining in situ of plant residues. The soils of both areas were originated by the same parent material (gneiss), they have loamy texture, similar bulk density values, and they are acidic. Higher values of diameter and height of sprouts were observed in Athos compared to Pelion (statistically significant differences). Pelion soils presented higher levels of soil fertility, i.e., in forest floor higher organic matter and nutrients content (significant differences for P, Ca, Na, Cu, and Mn), and in soil higher levels of N, Ca, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and organic matter (significant differences for N, Cu, Mn, and organic matter). The findings of this work could be an important tool to the perspective of chestnut forests management practices.


With the development of society,the traditional education model cannot fit in with the needs of the society.Modern education aims at enhancing students' integrated qualities as well as heightening their ability.What counts,however,is to change teachers' roles to improve students' ability of autonomous learning.This paper analyzes the relationship between these two aspects,and the methods to develop students' ability of autonomous learning.


Measurements of the effect of microbubbles on a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer generated on the test section wall of a water tunnel are described. Microbubbles are created by injecting air through a 0.5 μm sintered stainless steel plate immediately upstream of a floating element drag balance. At the downstream edge of the balance the length Reynolds number is as high as ten million. Integrated skin friction reduction of greater than 80% is observed. The drag balance results are confirmed by measurements with a surface hot‐film probe. For the case in which buoyancy tends to keep the bubbles in the boundary layer, the skin friction data are shown to collapse when plotted against the ratio of air to water volume flow rate. The effects of buoyancy on skin friction reduction are also documented.


Repeat airborne or satellite measurements of surface elevation over ice caps are often used to calculate glacier‐wide surface mass changes over time. However, these measurements typically do not account for vertical ice motion caused by firn densification and/or ice flow, so the effect of these factors for mass change measurements over an entire ice cap are currently poorly constrained. In this study, we update NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) altimetry elevation changes across Penny Ice Cap (Baffin Island, Canada) to assess total changes in ice mass from 2005–2014, relative to 1995–2000. Dual‐frequency GPS measurements and temporal changes in ice core density profiles are used to calculate firn densification and ice flow to isolate the component of elevation change due to surface mass change. Envisat satellite imagery is used to delineate the areas impacted by firn densification. These calculations, the first for a Canadian Arctic ice cap, indicate that accounting for firn densification may reduce the inferred surface mass loss by ~13–15%. Overall, there has been a fourfold increase in mass loss from Penny Ice Cap between 1995–2000 (−1.3 ± 0.7 Gt a−1) and 2005–2013 (−5.4 ± 1.9 Gt a−1). The rapid upglacier migration of the equilibrium line has left large areas of subsurface firn in the current ablation area and has far outpaced the ice flow response, illustrating that the ice cap is not in equilibrium and out of balance with the current climate.


The combined effects of Hall current and a constant heat source on the hydromagnetic free convective and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical porous plate in a rotating porous medium are considered, when the temperature of the plate varies with time about a nonzero constant mean and the temperature of the free stream is constant. The problem is solved analytically and the velocity profiles are shown on graphs. Effects of m (Hall parameter) and α (heat source parameter) on velocity are discussed extensively.


Significance Improving the efficiency of root systems should result in crop varieties with better yields, requiring fewer chemical inputs, and that can grow in harsher environments. Little is known about the genetic factors that condition root growth because of roots' complex shapes, the opacity of soil, and environmental influences. We designed a 3D root imaging and analysis platform and used it to identify regions of the rice genome that control several different aspects of root system growth. The results of this study should inform future efforts to enhance root architecture for agricultural benefit. Identification of genes that control root system architecture in crop plants requires innovations that enable high-throughput and accurate measurements of root system architecture through time. We demonstrate the ability of a semiautomated 3D in vivo imaging and digital phenotyping pipeline to interrogate the quantitative genetic basis of root system growth in a rice biparental mapping population, Bala × Azucena. We phenotyped >1,400 3D root models and >57,000 2D images for a suite of 25 traits that quantified the distribution, shape, extent of exploration, and the intrinsic size of root networks at days 12, 14, and 16 of growth in a gellan gum medium. From these data we identified 89 quantitative trait loci, some of which correspond to those found previously in soil-grown plants, and provide evidence for genetic tradeoffs in root growth allocations, such as between the extent and thoroughness of exploration. We also developed a multivariate method for generating and mapping central root architecture phenotypes and used it to identify five major quantitative trait loci (r2 = 24–37%), two of which were not identified by our univariate analysis. Our imaging and analytical platform provides a means to identify genes with high potential for improving root traits and agronomic qualities of crops.


While the use of humor appeal has been long researched in the area of advertisement, the role of humor in service recovery situations is all but non-existent. Based on research in the area of humor perception, using humor during a time of service failure could help a firm to break from the norm, be seen as 'exciting' or 'cool,' and diffuse tension with the surprise of eliciting a laugh; however it could also backfire and be perceived as inappropriate.  The current study investigates the potential for humor to be utilized in responding to a service failure scenario, it's impact upon both positive and negative consumer perceptions of the firm, and the moderating role of individual differences in need for humor. In a scenario-based experiment, 183 participants were exposed to either a humorous or non-humorous email from a company in response to an imaginary service failure. Results suggest that humor can increase positive perceptions of the firm in areas such as excitement and innovativeness, particularly for those consumers with high need for humor.  However, humor also reduces perceptions of firm honesty, regardless of individual differences in need for humor.


The purpose of this study was to determine the strengthening of digital citizenship through science, technology and society-based Citizenship Education courses in the 4.0 era. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, collecting data through interviews, documentation and observation. The results of the study show that 1) strengthening digital citizenship through Civics Education courses based on science, technology and society in the 4.0 era is forming civic competence, 2) Strengthening digital citizenship through Citizenship Education courses requires digital habituation in students' daily lives. 3) Approach to Science, Technology and Society (STM) to answer the problems that exist in the community so that learning becomes more meaningful. Strengthening digital citizenship through science, technology and community-based civics learning in the 4.0 era in the end is towards smart and good citizens.


Refocused steady-state free-precession (SSFP) imaging provides high signal-to-noise efficiency with good tissue contrast. One limitation of SSFP is the lengthy transient response during which magnetization approaches a steady state. To address this limitation, we present a general design formalism that can manipulate magnetization from the longitudinal axis into and out of the steady state. Our method uses the Shinnar Le-Roux pulse-design algorithm to match an arbitrary spectral profile within time-bandwidth limits.


We have earlier shown that Syrian hamster cells spontaneously transformed in vitro during in vivo progression, acquire in 1 step, along with highly increased tumorigenicity, 2 new properties characterizing the [H2O2CA + tPGES] phenotype, i.e., a high H2O2 catabolizing (antioxidant) activity and the ability to release PGE2 upon contact with NK cells. In contrast, RSV‐SR‐(v‐src)‐transformed cells acquire the [H2O2CA + PGES] phenotype and high tumorigenicity during in vitro transformation, i.e., without preliminary in vivo selection. In the present study, the possible influence of different transforming genes on the rates of subsequent in vivo tumor progression was studied using cells in vitro transformed by SV40, BAV‐3, or transduced by activated genes Ha‐ras, p53, myc and bcl‐2. The expression of the [H2O2CA + PGES] phenotype, the extent of tumorigenic and spontaneous metastasizing activities were examined before and during in vivo cells selection in s.c. growing tumors. Our results demonstrate that: (1) after in vitro transformation all cell lines (except v‐src) were negative for the expression of [H2O2CA + PGES] phenotype and remained equally low‐tumorigenic; (2) independently of the types of genes initially transforming the cells, in vivo tumor progression was consistently leading to the replacement of parental cells by cells expressing the [H2O2CA + PGES] phenotype, to 30–200 times increased tumorigenicity and less frequently to metastasizing; (3) the time necessary for selection of cells expressing this phenotype was the same (about 180 days in vivo) for all transformants, except bcl‐2; the latter reaching similar values after a significant delay. Thus, common secondary src‐like phenotypic cell changes, regardless of initially cell transforming genes are necessarily selected during tumor progression in vivo. Int. J. Cancer 75:277–283, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objectives:  Normal lung function has been shown to be population specific. The aim of this study was to derive normal reference spirometric values for Omani children and adolescents.


The valuation of business interests, income-producing real property, promissory notes, patents, royalties, and copy rights are all bound by a common assumption?value is merely an expression of the expectation of future benefits. When past results of property are used to determine value, the inherent assumption is that they reflect, or are a measure of, future expected profits. All rational investments are primarily a purchase of a future interest. However, when we think of a future in terest, it is usually the type of asset (or liability) that is con tingent upon an event independent of the realization of the benefit (or loss). Accounts receivables, therefore, are not future interests. Even though the value of the receivables is related to the ex


This paper proposes an approach to update the attitude and velocity synchronously utilizing the fourth order Runge-Kutta in the strapdown inertial navigation system. The synchro-updating algorithm is designed for the condition, in which the outputs of gyroscope are the angular rate and the outputs of accelerometer are the specific force acceleration. The synchro-updating algorithm is based on the quaternion. Under the improved classical coning motion and the generalized vibrational motion respectively, this paper analyzes and compares the attitude error and velocity error of the above algorithm with other algorithms'. The simulation results show that the synchro-updating algorithm is more effective than the others for the angular rate outputs and the specific force outputs.


Introduction: In a previous study on radiofrequency (RF) ablation in the canine right and left ventricle, we found that lesion depth was predicted accurately (± 1mm) by a logarithmic function of co...


Recently,the trade between China and Latin America has developed dramatically.Based on the detailed bilateral trade rela- tionship and trade structure,this paper seeks to analyze the relationship between the economic growth and Sino-Latin America trade coop- eration.As discussed in detail in this paper,the steady economic growth in China has a positive effect on the trade between China and Lat- in America.


Recently, academic performance as a challenge has been the concern of families and researchers. The study was aimed to investigate the relationship of self-regulated learning, achievement motivation and academic burnout with academic performance of the students. Statistic population of the study was 22992 people. Forthispurpose,379 students were selected through cluster random sampling based on Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table. The study utilized Motivational Strategies Questionnaire (MSLQ), Hermans achievement motivation questionnaire and Breso academic Burnout Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that self-regulated learning, achievement motivation and academic Burnout dimensions have significant relationship with academic performance. academic burnout is also able to predict academic achievement of the students. It can be concluded that psychological problems are associated with the concept of academic performance.


Rhizosphere fertilizer consisted of excretion of earthworm and chemical fertilizer shaped like bee house,cutting roots of apple trees were inserted into nutrient bags containing vermiculite and a rhizosphere fertilizer.Cutting roots could sprout a number of new roots and grow into or around rhizosphere fertilizer in nutrient bags. Compared with the control,treatments of rhizosphere fertilizer increased the contents of chlorophyll,iron and other mineral elements in leaves,remeding iron deficiency chlorosis.


ROP Revisited: A Survey of Adults with Residual Vision Cathy Bickerdike and C. Michael Mellor The immediate stimulus for this study was a distraught message on the answering magazine of the Matilda Ziegler Magazine for the Blind. The anonymous reader claimed that middle-aged people with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, previously known as retrolental fibroplasia) were developing all manner of illnesses and conditions at a higher rate than the general middle-aged population. Seeking to test if there was any veracity to this claim, the Ziegler published an editorial in June 1997 asking readers with ROP to report any health problems they or people they knew were experiencing as they reached middle age. Among those responding was the first author, who has ROP but is not legally blind. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine what types of health problems occur among middle-aged people with ROP who have residual vision.


Nanotubes received great attention because it has a high surface area. In this study, TiO 2 nanotubes fabricated via hydrothermal method from  synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles via sol-gel method. Catalysts that have been synthesized later in the characterization by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to obtain the crystal size and crystallinity. Crystal size of TiO 2 nanoparticles at a temperature of 450C is 13.78 nm. Then characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to look at the formation of nanotubes. Characterization of TiO 2 nanotubes with TEM shows that the structure of the tubes had already been formed TNTs although the growth has not been perfect. It can be seen from the structure TNTs who tend to be short and yet so irregular. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0. 5036


Historical biogeography today tends to be regarded as a science about areas rather than organisms. For analysing distribution patterns of individual clades of organisms without reference to other groups the method of phylogenetic bio- geography of Hennig & Brundin may be applied. Instead of using Hennig's deviation and progression rules it is, however, recommended to use the degree of cladistic subordinateness of an outlying taxon as an indicator of whether its occurrence is due to recent dispersal or to non-response to vicariance event. The method is used to find major distribution patterns (at the level of four gross geographical subdivisions of the Holarctic region) in the millipede order Julida.


The paper presents results from simulations by a 1.5D numerical model developed to study the formation of the NO and N2O emissions in a circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) under different operating conditions and burning different fuels. A comprehensive kinetic scheme for the homogeneous chemistry and a single particle model for char combustion are used. Fluiddynamic factors, including gas mixing and release of volatiles, are investigated in the case of wood combustion under normal air staging conditions. The pattern of release of volatiles, the mixing of secondary air, and the lateral mixing of gas are observed to play significant roles in the formation of the relatively high NO emissions from combustion of wood. Comparisons are made with measurement data and also with coal combustion.


This article shares the findings of a qualitative study of a community-based organization in Mexico and the emancipatory pedagogy practiced there in a time characterized by a changing global economic order, conflict and war, corruption and geographic displacement. To make sense of the transnational philosophical fusion and the pedagogical practices in the organization, I draw on Karen Barad's ideas to propose an ethico-onto-epistemology of emancipatory learning to uncover power in spaces of self/knowledge that are outside the binaries of critical-theoretical practice. It suggests an understanding of emancipatory learning that is relational, embodied, ethical, and emergent.


Thinking is the human mind, summary and reflect of the nature, mutual relations and inner regularity of objective things. Scientific mathematics thinking methods are the key that students probe into new knowledge and solve new problems.


In the scientific literature and popular media, the five terms suicide bomber, suicide terrorist, Islamic martyr, martyr or volunteer are often used interchangeably. This study investigates the mental representations related to these five different terms when the terms are presented individually and when they are embedded in the context of two scenarios. Participants were 129 undergraduate students. It was hypothesized that: (1) the positive and negative valence of associations to the five target words would differ; (2) the perception of a suicide terrorist would be influenced by target word used and by the context of the act, such as the kind of victims; (3) the reasons given for why a person becomes a suicide bomber would reflect more often those discussed in scientific research and less often those commonly presented in the media; and (4) the reasons given would differ between target words and context. Results mostly confirmed the hypotheses. Although context information seems to outweigh the connotations of the individual terms, results caution researchers and media on the need to reflect on possible consequences resulting from the use of specific terms.


This thesis is on the use of a surface reconstruction method called Photometric Stereo in Machine Vision. In the first part we propose a modification of the method which allows one to reconstruct the shape and colour of the surface in the presence of highlights and shadows. We also provide an extensive error analysis of the algorithm, concentrating on design issues such as choice of thresholds. The second part of the thesis is on the subject of illumination direction invariant classification of 3-dimensional textures. Using Photometric Stereo, one can reconstruct the surface shape and infer its statistical properties. The learned statistics can be used to predict the behaviour of a class of texture features, which in its turn allows one to recognise a 3-dimensional texture under unknown illumination.


Performing a capacitive coupling driving the liquid crystal display device, along with elimination of a large and high resolution brought voltage unevenness and display unevenness phenomenon. 5 having a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, switching elements connected to the pixel electrode 3, the scanning electrode 1, an image signal electrode 2 and the counter electrode in a display device is formed between the pixel electrode 5 and the capacitance in the pixel electrode 5 and the scanning electrodes and the scanning electrode 1 in addition to the scanning electrodes other than the present stage cumulative capacitance 7, the switching element comprising a gate 3 - the pixel electrode 4 and the drain capacitance of the capacitance between the drain of at least one 5 7 when two or more capacitive component connection has a different value according to a distance power feeding terminal of the scan electrode 1 to, provided in a pixel connected to the pixel electrode 5 total capacitance Ctot, the first capacitance ratio αgd = Cgd / Ctot according to the distance from the feed end of the scanning electrode 1 increases continuously or stepwise, the capacitance component of each pixel is set so that the second capacitance ratio αst = Cst / Ctot substantially constant.


The present invention discloses a memory cell positioned on substrate which are provided with isolations of shallow trenches. Upper surface of the isolations is lower than upper surface of the substrate. Isolations of shallow trenches define fin structure perpendicular to substrate jointly. The memory cell includes bestriding gate, structure of catching carriers, and at least source pole/drain pole area. Being positioned on substrate, the bestriding gate bestrides vertical fin structure. Being positioned between the bestriding gate and substrate, the structure of catching carriers includes catching layer contacted to the bestriding gate directly, and tunneling layer between the catching layer and the substrate. The pairs of two carrier storage area are respectively positioned in partial catching layer arranged on two side walls of the vertical fin shaped structure. Source pole/drain pole area is located at partial vertical fin shaped structure of substrate exposed by the bestriding gate.


The autumn shoot of longan and its leaves were severely injured by Cornegenapsylla sinica Yang et Li.Effects of the insect injure on the changes of active oxygen metabolism were studied.The results showed that after the longan leaves were injured by C.Sinica, elimination ability of active oxygen decreased.Degree of decrease in enzymatic system was greater than that of non\|enzymatic system.SOD,POD and CAT,belonging to the former,decreased 26 33%,28 58% and 27 86%,respectively,up to most significant difference or significant difference;while GSH and AsA,belonging to non\|enzymatic system,only decreased 11 64% and 8 4%,respectively.Decrease of elimination ability of active oxygen lead to the accumulation of active oxygen such as H 2O 2,promoted membrane lipid peroxidation,injured the membrane,accelerated leaf senescence,thus increased MDA content and membrane permeability.


High-performance broadband terahertz (THz) photodetectors are of great interest driven by lots of applications. To improve the performance of the THz photodetector in a wide spectral coverage, the E-shaped patch antenna with three slots is proposed and studied in theory. GaAs-based homojunction interfacial work function internal photoemission (HIWIP) broadband THz detector is used as an example to demonstrate the effect in broadband detection. Due to the combined effect of the antenna and the microcavity, E-shaped patch antenna microcavity HIWIP increase the optical coupling efficiency in a broadband range from 2.1–20 THz by an average of four times. Considering the requirement to reduce the dark current, the etched E-shaped patch antenna microcavity HIWIP only retaining the active region beneath the antenna is further investigated. In contrast to the reference HIWIP, the coupling efficiency is improved by an average of 15 times in 2.3–20 THz. The high coupling efficiency of both structures leads to the significant improvement of the responsivity, noise equivalent power, and detectivity in a wide spectral coverage theoretically, which makes it possible to realize higher operating temperatures. Such a design scheme of E-shaped patch antenna structure provides a guideline for broadband THz detectors and can be used for other THz detectors.


Ever since Confederations of Indian Industries (CII) has launched CII-EXIM Bank Business Excellence Award, adapted from EFQM Model,  many organizations are challenging this award every year. Some organizations are also practicing Six sigma along with the Business excellence model. Six sigma approach has got many features that support Excellence model criteria. In fact, if both are harnessed together then proper synergy takes place resulting rich dividend. The objective of this paper is to highlight as to how Six sigma will support organisation's endeavour in adopting Excellence model, so that more organizations are motivated to pursue both in tandem.The paper presents a table ,which gives the requirements of the model which are better served by Six sigma process.


It stimulates growth and prosperity, but its relentless pursuit of profit and self-interest also strains and fragments the social order. Along with other public institutions, our schools must therefore also foster the compassion, community and cosmopolitan identity that will offset the knowledge economy's most destructive effects. The knowledge economy primarily serves the private good. The knowledge society also encompasses the public good. Our schools have to prepare young people for both of them.


Background It is estimated that 21% of boys and 16% of girls in England meet recommended physical activity guidelines. Team sport has the potential to increase physical activity levels; however, studies show that gender-based factors can influence girls' participation in team sport. Furthermore, evidence for the effectiveness of interventions promoting team sport among girls is limited. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of physical activity interventions on secondary school-aged girls' (aged 11-18 years) participation in team sport and to identify potential strategies for increasing participation. Methods Electronic databases and grey literature were systematically searched for studies of interventions targeting team sport participation among girls in the UK. Results were exported to Refworks, duplicates removed and eligible studies identified. Extracted data included: participant details, such as sample size and age; components of the intervention; outcomes assessed; and each study was quality appraised. Due to heterogeneity across studies, results were presented narratively. Results Four studies sourced from the grey literature met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that physical activity interventions can encourage girls to try new sports, but evidence is limited in relation to sustained participation. Potential strategies for promoting participation included: consultation with girls, implementation of appropriate peer-leaders and friendship group strategies, early intervention and consideration of intervention setting. Conclusions This review highlights the limited availability of evidence on the effectiveness of physical activity interventions for promoting team sport participation among girls in the UK. Findings indicate that future research is needed to improve the methodological quality of complex intervention evaluation. Physical activity interventions may have the potential to encourage girls to try team sport, but their impact on sustained participation, and subsequent physical activity outcomes, is less apparent.


The lattice dynamics of the ferroelectric semiconductor SnTe was investigated by using the rigid ion model. Considering the screening effect of electrons on long range Coulomb force, the abnormal dispersion relation was obtained.


Introduction: Case identification for genetic epidemiologic stroke studies relies upon diagnostic codes or laborious hand-adjudication. Natural language processing (NLP) can extract discerning char...


The previous research provided a suggestive but inconclusive perspective regarding Alzheimer's patients having an excess of births in the early months of the year. The date of birth from 1906 to 1923 for 1,359 cases was collected from the Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers of California database. The general population's monthly distributions from 1906 to 1923 were also obtained. When the present distribution of Alzheimer's disease and control cases were combined with those from three previous studies, there was a disproportionate number of Alzheimer' s cases in the first three months of the year. The present findings were related to nutritional factors and to research that has demonstrated a disproportionate number of early month births in other disorders such as schizophrenia and Down syndrome. It was suggested that infection and nutritional variables could account for the present findings. Introduction The purpose of the present study was to determine if there is a monthly distribution of births of Alzheimer's disease patients that differs from the monthly distribution of births within the general population of persons of comparable age. This research is in the context of the previous research on seasonality of birth in Alzhe-imer's disease not yielding a clear perspective. Philpot, Rottenstien, Burns and Der,


Thispaper attempts to prove that BioShock(2007), a science fiction video game set in 1960, and BioShock: Rapture(2011), the novel published in its wake which starts in 1945,present a powerful critique of the myth of the self-made man, conveyed via the depiction of the fall of Rapture. Rapture is the dystopian, underwater citycreated by Andrew Ryanin which boththe video game and the novel take place. Thecityisbuilt in an art deco style reminiscent of the1927 movie Metropolis. A Russian-born American tycoon, Ryan believed that nuclear annihilation was at hand and despisedanything resembling socialist-like policies, which is why he decided to seclude himself and a few chosen ones somewhere underneath the Atlantic Ocean. The place he selected, Rapture, was based on Objectivism and closely related to Ayn Rand, an American-Russian writer who promoted an extreme version of individualism and laissez-faire capitalism, namely on one of her novels, entitled Atlas Shrugged(1957), in which she presents the capitalist utopia called Galt's Gulch. Although they are never explicitly mentioned in the texts analysedhere, both Rand and Galt's Gulch provide Ryan and Rapture with their ethos, given that Ryan clearly resembles Rand and Rapture is strikingly similar to Galt's Gulch. Despite promising that those willing to work hard enough would be able to fulfilthe promises of the myth of the self-made man, Rapture ends up falling, largely because of its defenceof Rand and Objectivist-inspired capitalist ideals, with the myth of the self-made man failing to be fulfilled. As a result, both themyth and, by extension, Rand and Objectivism, are called into question by BioShockand BioShock: Rapture, clearly located within the context of Cold War era and American culture and history.


A summary of all decisions arising from issue Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) Governance Arrangements. Hyperlinks take you to full details of each decision


In Turner and Holmes [8] a model for evasive vehicle movement along a fixed track is developed within the mathematical framework of a two-state semi-Markov process. They derive a number of analytical properties of the model. In this article we address problems concerning the estimation of parameters in the model and the construction of data-based prediction equations.


In this paper the exact algorithms for track-to-track fusion (T2TF) which can operate at an arbitrary rate for various information configurations are investigated. First, the exact algorithms for T2TF without memory (T2TFwoM) are presented for three information configurations: with no, partial and full information feedback from the fusion center (FC) to the local trackers. As one major contribution of this paper, the impact of information feedback on fusion accuracy is studied. It is shown that in T2TFwoM, which uses only the track estimates at the fusion time, information feedback will have a negative impact on the fusion accuracy. Then, the exact algorithms for T2TF with memory (T2TFwM) are derived for configurations with and without information feedback. Operating at full rate, T2TFwM is equivalent to the centralized measurement fusion (CMF) regardless of information feedback. However, at a reduced rate, a certain amount of degradation in fusion accuracy is unavoidable. In contrast to the case of T2TFwoM, information feedback is beneficial in T2TFwM.


Knowles proposed a model to describe the characteristics of adult learners. This may be summarised by a move away from highly structured teaching methods (pedagogic teaching) to more explorative and less formal ones (andragogic teaching). This paper explores whether this progression occurs across an undergraduate nursing programme. Twelve questions based upon Knowles' model were incorporated into a Likert scale questionnaire. The sample was inclusive across three cohorts of an undergraduate nursing programme (n = 555). No significant differences were found within the sample with reference to gender or branch. Some significant differences were present with reference to age and year of study, but these suggest that students regress from the characteristics of the adult learners within these parameters. Some significant differences were present with reference to ethnicity, suggesting that some ethnic-minority students were more willing to add to learning with independent study. The research findings do not conform to predictions based upon Knowles' model. There is no evidence that students gain more of the characteristics of andragogy as they progress through their studies. Instead, there is some evidence that students become less willing to take responsibility for their learning. This should be of concern to those involved in health education.


MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING WITH RB-82 PET By George N. Francis, MS A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillnient of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2005 Major Director: Karen A. Kurdziel, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology Medical Director, VCUMC Molecular Imaging Center Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an effective technique used to study the left ventricular ejection function (LVEF), myocardial perfusion, wall motion, and wall thickening. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are two modalities that can be used to quantify the left global and regional perfusion at rest and stress. While PET and SPECT rely on similar principles to produce images, important differences in instrumentation and experimental applications are dictated by inherent differences in their respective physics of radioactive decay. With a sensitivity > 90% in combination with a high specificity, PET is today the best available xiv nuclear imaging technique for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The short half-life of the perfusion tracers in combination with highly sophisticated hardand software enables rapid PET studies with high patient throughput. Rubidium-82 ( 8 2 ~ b ) is a PET perfusion imaging agent that has a shot half-life of 76 seconds which enables multiple sequential data acquisitions in a short duration of time. It also reduces the number of false-positive SPECT scans and artifacts from soft tissue attenuation due to the routine application of attenuation correction. However 8 2 ~ b PET imaging is under-utilized clinically due to difficulty optimizing the imaging parameters. The major challenge of 8 2 ~ b imaging is determining when to begin the image acquisition post infusion, as imaging too early results in images with high background (low contrast), and imaging too late results in noisy images due to low count statistics. 8 2 ~ b restlstress dynamic and gated data from 16 patients were available for analysis. The FWHM of the 8 2 ~ b infusion, LV cavity and LV myocardial uptake in time activity curves were generated and compared to isolate the dominant parameter in determining image quality. The measured and actual infusion-time correlated only at rest (r = 0.93, P = 0.006). Splitting-time at rest and stress correlated (r = 0.74, P = 0.09). But the study was not able to identify a single dominant parameter that would determine the image quality due to the unpredictable nature of hemodynamics during the vasodilatory induced cardiovascular stress. First pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA) is the gold standard for quantification of ejection fraction. We examined the quantification of the ejection function (LVEF) to determine whether the gated 8 2 ~ b PET data, using quantitative gated SPECT xv (QGS), would accurately predict changes in the chamber volume and correlated the results with those obtained from FPRNA technique. There was a good correlation between the resting FPRNA data and resting gated 8 2 ~ b QGS data (r = 0.81, P = 0.0005) showing that this method can be applied to 8 2 ~ b PET. 99m Tc SPECT was considered the gold standard for this study, as it is the most widely used technique for myocardial perfusion imaging. The under-perfused area of the 99m myocardium is defined as defect. Tc agents, ' 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ , and 8 2 b can all be used for cardiac imaging However, count rates, energy and camera differences can yield image differences that are independent of the actual biological distribution. We examined whether PET with an 82~b-labeled tracer would provide information on defect size similar to that provided by 9 9 m ~ c SPECT, using a cardiac phantom in which the true defect size is known. Since 8 2 ~ b has such a short half-life (76 seconds), filling and imaging a phantom was going be a great challenge. Hence 12", which is a high-energy radioisotope like 8 2 ~ b , was used in this phantom study as a surrogate for 8 2 ~ b . Static cardiac phantom studies with 9 9 m ~ c , "F and 1 2 4 ~ (surrogate for 8 2 ~ b ) were conducted. The percent defect sizes were measured and compared with the true defect size. Our results demonstrated that at 45% threshold, the measured defect size was representative of true defect size for 9 9 m ~ c SPECT data. Using this threshold as the standard, we smoothed the 18F and ' 2 4 ~ PET data until the measured defect size for PET was representative of the true defect size. An optimal filter cutoff frequency (Butterworth filter, cutoff = 0.80 cycles/pixel, order=5 at 45% threshold for 1 2 4 ~ or 8 2 ~ b ) was found for the PET data within the range of values studied, and this frequency was higher than the clinical norm for SPECT data. Our results also illustrated xv1 that the measured SPECT defect size varied greatly depending on the thresholds used to define a defect, whereas measure PET defect size was relatively constant over the range of cutoffs tested7. The optimal cutoff may depend on defect size, patient variability, and noise level. When assessing myocardial defect size, physical properties need to be taken into consideration, particularly when comparing images obtained using different nuclides (i.e. 82 Rb or 9 9 m ~ c agent perfusion and ''F FDG viability). CHAPTER


Liaozhailiquji is a popular talking and singing works set which was written with the local ditty and dialects and slang by the famous writer Pu Songling who was in Qing dynasty.The fifteen Liqu which are abstracted by Liaozhailiquji unfold a wide life picture scroll of feudal society.There are a lot of distinctive women figures in it.These women can be divided into two categories;one is the ordinary female image.The other is alien class female image.This paper analysis's the ordinary female image.


A good explanation takes the user who is receiving the explanation into account. We aim to get a better understanding of user preferences and the differences between children and adults who receive explanations from a robot. We implemented a Nao-robot as a belief-desire-intention (BDI)-based agent and explained its actions using two different explanation styles. Both are based on how humans explain and justify their actions to each other. One explanation style communicates the beliefs that give context information on why the agent performed the action. The other explanation style communicates the goals that inform the user of the agent's desired state when performing the action. We conducted a user study (19 children, 19 adults) in which a Nao-robot performed actions to support type 1 diabetes mellitus management. We investigated the preference of children and adults for goalversus belief-based action explanations. From this, we learned that adults have a significantly higher tendency to prefer goal-based action explanations. This work is a necessary step in addressing the challenge of providing personalised explanations in human-robot and human-agent interaction.


Sandburg's motive was not mercenary, or he would have signed a contract with one of the larger independent syndicates able to offer him many times what he receives from the Chicago Times. Nevertheless, to pay him even a comparatively modest sum, the Times was compelled to syndicate his writings. None of the smaller papers buying the service, of course, ever would have dreamed of employing Sandburg or anyone of comparable importance as a staff writer. Suppose, however, that the opposite were true-that Sandburgs came so cheap that every country weekly could afford to have one. Whence would be derived the supply? Unfortunately for American letters, as well as for journalism, such talent is rare, and many of the approximately nineteen hundred dailies and twelve thousand weeklies would have only pretty sorry imitations of those who now have won their reputations in the field of syndicate writing.


An experimental study was made on the weldability of 18Cr-10Mn stainless steels containing high concentration of nitrogen up to about 0.8%, prepared by a high-pressure melting process in nitrogen atmosphere. Main results obtained are as follows.(1) In the arc welding of high nitrogen l8Cr-10Mn stainless steels, if ordinary welding conditions recommended for welding commercial austenitic stainless steels are adopted, we shall usually be able to get excellent and sound welded joints.(2) In case of welding by using the electrode having the same composition, the tensile strength of welded joints increases in proportion to the nitrogen content of base metals. This strengtheing in the welded joints depends upon the extent of nitrogen diffusion, which occurs from the base metal to the welded metal.(3) The decrease of impact strength in heat-affected zone scarcely occurs even in the steel containing about 0.8% nitrogen.(4) While the base metal is melting, the nitrogen contained in the base metal diffuses and blows out of the metal a little. Consequently, in the base metal containing high concentration of nitrogen i.e. more than 0.65%, blowholes in the weld deposit increase and the concentration of nitrogen in the heat-affected zone decreases a little.(5) But, the decrease of nitrogen content in the base metal occurs only in the limited portion near the weld bond, and the amount of the decrease is small. Therefore, in the steels containing nitrogen less than about 0.65%, the decrease of the nitrogen content scarcely influences the mechanical properties and the microstructures of the welded joints.


Since participatory democracy is a main pillar of legitimacy for the European Union, the
European Commission has undertaken numerous actions in order to install respective tools. One
example is public online consultations, providing the possibility to civil society and citizens to
articulate their opinion on a specific matter. Scholarly attention highlights multi-level
governance and dynamics within civil society organisations that are active in Brussels, as well
as on the domestic level. However, this literature is still inconclusive since the effect of online
consultations on the dynamics within multi-level CSOs has not been researched yet. This study
closes this gap by applying qualitative research methods to assess the activation potential of
online consultations. In measuring the participation of domestic organisations and conducting
interviews with civil society representatives and European Commission officials, it was found
that the general activation of domestic organisations is considerably low. Only in the case of
one umbrella organisation undertaking extensive mobilisation measures were domestic
members found to be activated (to a limited degree). Moreover, a wide-spread focus on EUlevel contributions by Commission officials also could impact the low level of domestic
activation.


The development of a modern enterprise is a systematic dynamic transformation, the transformation of its subsystems within the strategic goals to ensure sustainable innovative development. The urgent problem of the latter is the rationalization and integration of all processes in the management system. This is due to the many multi-level goals, objects and subjects of management that need to be coordinated, and the complexity of their harmonization.


PUDENDAL or labial hernia results from a defect in the muscle or fascia of the outlet of the pelvis. A protrusion of peritoneum or viscera through this defect can present as a mass in either labium. It is a relatively rare condition, less than 90 cases having been reported in the English literature up to 1951 and none since then. The possibly disastrous consequences of mistaking this unusual hernia for a benign cyst or abscess have prompted the following case report. Case Report M.R. (M.G.H. 929429), a 62-year-old widow, gravida 6, para 3, entered the hospital for the 1st time . . .


Objective To study the effect of Shuanglongjieguwan on the weight and the contents of trace elements(Zn,Cu)in callus in the process of fracture healing of SD white rats.Methods Artificial fracture was made on left radius of 36 SD white rats.The animals were divided into the blank control group,the Shangkejiegupian group and the Shuanglongjieguwan group.Four rats of each group were killed at 7th,14th and 21st day after surgery,both radius were taken to be checken with X-ray and weighten with electrospectrobalance,the contents of Zn,Cu in callus were detected with atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results The weight of callus in Shuanglongjieguwan group was more than those in the other two groups(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion Shanglongjieguwan could promote the callus forming and the contents of Zn,Cu in callus.


In this brief interview with Inocencia Mata, professor and researcher in the field of African Portuguese-speaking literature at the University of Lisbon, we proposed to the professor a list of eight questions that we consider essential to think about the challenges that are imposed on the scholars of these different literatures in present. Given the consolidated place that these literatures occupy in higher education institutions not only in Portuguese-speaking countries, but also in several higher education institutions in the world, we believe that this interview is of great value to all scholars who teach and research Portuguese-speaking African literature, as well as its relations with cultural studies and post-coloniality.


Abstract GOODWIN, Willard. Hugh Kenner: A Bibliography. Albany: Whitston, 2001. 477 pp. $49.95. MOREY, James H. Book and Verse: A Guide to Middle English Biblical Literature. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 2000. xviii, 428 pp. $34.95.


5029 Background: Genetic abnormalities underlie the development of cancer. It has been proposed that tumors be recategorized by gene mutation such as BRAF in LG serous, TP53 in HG serous, and PIK3CA in clear cell and endometrioid tumors. These targets potentially represent an opportunity for personalizing cancer therapy. Methods: Gynecologic Oncology patients at the MGH Cancer Center can have their tumor genotyped for a panel of mutations by SNaPshot, a validated, CLIA approved assay developed by MGH that uses DNA from FFPE tissue to interrogate 160 site-specific mutations across 15 genes (AKT1, APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, ERBB2, IDH1, KIT, KRAS, MAP2K1, NOTCH1, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53). At present SNaPshot has no validated endpoints in GYN Cancers but may help identify a useful clinical trial. Results: Between 5/17/10 and 10/17/11, 125 patients consented to SNaPshot genotyping. Patients had a median age of 59 (24-78) yrs. Tumors were ovarian 70(56%), uterine clear, UPSC, or MMMT 16(13%), uterine endometrio...


The objective of independent component analysis is to represent a set of multidi-mensional measurement vectors in a basis where the components are statistically independent or as independent as possible. This redundancy reduction between components relates independent component analysis to many other theoretical and practical areas of science that are concerned with information, such as information theory, compression, sensory coding and pattern recognition. One of the rst cases where the principle of redundancy reduction was presented was the analysis of the human visual system. Ever since the rst time this idea was brought up, there has existed a need to study the reduction of statistical dependencies in images. A set of new algorithms for independent component analysis has been developed during the 1990's. Some of these have been applied to image data, but no larger investigation has been performed to determine the properties and limitations of the method to solve this problem. In this master's thesis the applicability of independent component analysis to analyze statistical dependencies in images has been explored. This has been done by applying some of the new algorithms to image data. The relevant properties of the resulting components have been studied, as well as their connections with closely connected areas of information science.


A research on the evaporation heat transfer of a highly viscosity liquid film freely falling down on a isothermal vertical corrugated plate was carried out. By perturbation expansion, an approximate model was developed. An analytical solution of film flow and numerical solution of film heat transfer were obtained respectively. The influence of the plate surface wave amplitude and number, the film surface tension, and the Pecklet number as well on the flow and heat transfer were discussed. It is found that the heat transfer might be enhanced with an increased amplitude and an appropriate number of plate surface wave and a small Pecklet number. The film surface tension has little effect to evaporation at present situation.


For the past decade, the rolling dynamic deflectometer (RDD), a continuous deflection measurement device, has been used as a screening tool in identifying problematic airport pavements for repair. The RDD has not seen much use, however, as an evaluation tool to measure characteristics such as moduli of pavement layers and load-transfer efficiency (LTE). The primary goal of this research was to develop the hardware and software to take the RDD from a screening tool to an evaluation tool for airport pavement projects. In this study, the RDD as an evaluation tool could obtain (a) continuous measurement of rolling deflection basins (for the backcalculation of layer moduli to be studied) and (b) continuous evaluation of joint LTEs. Four subtasks were conducted: (a) investigation of parameters affecting the RDD measurements, (b) use of an increased number of rolling sensors, (c) improvement of RDD data processing (distance-based deflection profile with increased spatial resolution), and (d) a series of field tests with the RDD on a rigid airfield pavement. With all five sensors continuously monitored during rolling, the software that was developed was capable of selecting a zone of lateral uniformity over which it was appropriate to construct deflection basins. The improved data processing identified accurate locations of joints and properly positioned two rolling sensors on opposite sides of the adjacent slabs in the continuous deflection profile, producing a continuous LTE evaluation along the pavement. The RDD measurements (continuous deflection basins and LTEs) were compared with falling weight deflectometer measurements, and the comparison provided promising results.


We report an on-chip micro supercapacitor (MSC) with ultrafast charge/discharge capability, which is contributed by the highly conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode and greatly reduced interfacial resistance. To overcome the line-contact and Fermi level mismatch between CNT and metal current collector, a self-assembled single-layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is introduced to form a CNT/CNT-rGO wrapped/rGO 3-layer architecture. The fabricated MSC exhibits a volumetric capacity of 1900 mF/cm3 at an ultrahigh rate up to 2000 V/s. This work illustrates the potential of on-chip MSCs for filtering applications and may shed light on the way of further improving the operation speed of MSC.


Piezoelectric strain constant d 33 is one of the important parameters of piezoelectric elements Based on the converse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric elements and the definition of d 33 , a new method ( E-S Method) is provided to measure d 33 The values of piezoelectric strain constant d 33 of piezoelectric ceramics are measured with experiments A comparison between the testing results from E-S method and those of quasi static method is made. The results show that E-S method has high precision


The stimulation of dicotyledonous leaf growth by light depends on increased H+ efflux, to acidify and loosen the cell walls, and is enhanced by K+ uptake. The role of K+ is generally considered to be osmotic for turgor maintenance. In coleoptiles, auxin-induced cell elongation and wall acidification depend on K+ uptake through tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive channels (Claussen et al., Planta 201, 227–234, 1997), and auxin stimulates the expression of inward-rectifying K+ channels (Philippar et al. 1999). The role of K+ in growing, leaf mesophyll cells has been investigated in the present study by measuring the consequences of blocking K+ uptake on several growth-related processes, including solute accumulation, apoplast acidification, and membrane polarization. The results show that light-stimulated growth and wall acidification of young tobacco leaves is dependent on K+ uptake. Light-stimulated growth is enhanced three-fold over dark levels with increasing external K+, and this effect is blocked by the K+ channel blockers, TEA, Ba++ and Cs+. Incubation in 10 mm TEA reduced light-stimulated growth and K+ uptake by 85%, and completely inhibited light-stimulated wall acidification and membrane polarization. Although K+ uptake is significantly reduced in the presence of TEA, solute accumulation is increased. We suggest that the primary role of K+ in light-stimulated leaf growth is to provide electrical counterbalance to H+ efflux, rather than to contribute to solute accumulation and turgor maintenance.


Hydrogen energy is one of the emerging new energy sources in today's era. It not only has a wide range of materials and simple production, but also its combustion products have no pollution to the environment and have excellent quality that non-renewable fuels such as coal and oil do not have. However, as one of the most common application forms of hydrogen fuel, hydrogen fuel cell, due to its own design and structural characteristics, not only brings convenience to us, but also has the problems of low output voltage and large fluctuation range. Therefore, only by using DC-DC converter to boost and stabilize the output voltage of hydrogen fuel cell, can we efficiently supply power to the backward circuit and load. Combined with the advantages and disadvantages of single isolated and non-isolated converter, this paper puts forward the converter model combining isolated and non-isolated converter, and then introduces the feedback link to stabilize the voltage. Finally, the circuit model is constructed by using MATLAB / Simulink software to verify the accuracy of theory and analysis.


TiiesiteofTepecik-Çifthlt. which kes in the Cappadocian volcanic zone, has been known since i 966. The sito was discovered by LA. Todd. The archaeological materia) from the surface col lection indicates that the site was occupied mainly during the Neolithic and the beginning-of Chalcolithic period. However, some of the chipped-stone collected from the surface is strong ly suggestive of a Pre-Pottety Neolithic occupation at the site. Its location — close to the Göliü Dağ obsidian sources and work shops. — and a great amount ofobsidian cores and Hakes sug gest that the site was in close contact with the obsidian-related activities. The relief decorated pottery with animal and human figures of Tepecik-Çiftlik closeiy resembles to those of Köşk Höyük, which lies ca35 km south-southeast of Tepecik-Çiftlik, in the plain of Bor (Province of Niğde). It seems that, this new settlement, which may be dated between the 7th and 6th mille¬ nium B.C, will provide a new information on the prelnstory of Central Anatolia.


China's recent collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) aims to improve forest conditions by devolution of forest management rights from community collectives to individual households. Studies reveal substantial local variation in CFTR implementation, but the ecological effects and underlying mechanism have received little attention. Our study focused on community-managed forests and household-managed forests in four communities located in the mountains of Southwest China. The objective was to investigate the relationship between CFTR and forest conditions at the local scale. We employed a combination of remote sensing technology, field forest observations and socioeconomic surveys to gather data for analysis. The results showed that the forest cover change trends of collective forests and household forests in each community were consistent from 1994 to 2014. There was no significant relationship between CFTR implementation and local-level differences in species diversity and soil fertility in forests. The aboveground biomass of collective forests was significantly higher than that of household forests. Differentiated access and use, low compensation amounts, and loose payment terms jointly affected CFTR's effectiveness to improve local-scale forest conditions in the study area. Attempts to formalize forest tenure rights must be flexible enough and adapted to the local environment so that changes induced by the CFTR can improve local access to forest resources and its benefits.


Regenerants of C. succirubra were examined by RAPD analysis to determine theoccurrence and extent of somaclonal variation. Plantlets were regenerated by nodal culture. DNAwas extracted from the parent plant and regenerants of C. succirubra. Fifteen base syntheticoligonucleotides from Operon were chosen that gave multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)amplification products using cinchona DNA from parent plants grown in the field and plantlets after 4and 5 passages or 4 and 5 month old in vitro culture. The results showed that all of morphologicalcharacters on regenerated plants were clonally uniform and all of the RAPD profiles were generallymonomorphic, stable, and similar to parent plants. These results demonstrated that RAPD can beused successfully to determine the somaclonal variation among regenerated plants.


Our labor system is faced with many challenges.In order to carry out the harmonious ideal,our labor legal system must be blazed new trails on a lot of basic systems.This paper brings out some conceives and suggestions with regard to applicability of labor law,coordinate system and responsibility system.


Objective: To examine reasons for selecting a social comparison target (i.e. a specific other for relative self-evaluation), and their influence on affect and motivation for self-care, in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Design: Adults with T2DM (n = 180, MA1c = 7.6%) chose to read about one of four targets. Participants rated five reasons for their choice (strongly disagree – strongly agree), and rated affect and self-care motivation before and after reading. Results: To boost confidence in my ability to manage diabetes was rated highest overall (ps < 0.01), though choosing worse-off (vs. better-off) targets was associated with to gain useful information about how to improve (p = 0.04, = 0.05). Selection in order to feel better worked for those who chose better-off targets; choosing worse-off targets for this purpose worsened mood and stress (ps < 0.04, s = 0.02). Choosing worse-off targets to learn about similar others reduced self-care motivation (p < 0.01, = 0.05). Selection in order to boost confidence showed increased motivation only among those who chose better-off targets (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Patients' reasons for a particular comparison are associated with short-term changes in affect and self-care motivation, and warrant greater empirical and clinical attention.


An abrasive article comprising abrasive body bonded, the bonded abrasive body having: an adhesive material in an amount of from about 15 volume not larger than the total volume of said body of the present%; contained in the adhesive material particulate abrasive material, said abrasive material comprises granular abrasive aggregates and unaggregated abrasive particles, wherein said body comprises abrasive particles in the range of about 3:1 ratio of 1/3 (APp:APagg), wherein the representative APp the amount present in the body are not aggregated abrasive particles (vol%) and represent APagg present in the body of abrasive aggregates (vol%); and the total volume of the bonded abrasive body of at least about 42 volume% porosity.


From the moment they begin to share an object of investigation, fiction about art and art history enter into competition. This often expresses itself as a cultivated ignorance between these two types of discourse, and authors opt for a non-academic approach. Thus, Michon writing about Van Gogh or Quignard writing about Georges de la Tour, deviate from the standard academic approach to these painters without even concealing their critical intentions. But what happens when the authors invent the arts works they write about, as in the case of Les Onze and Terrasse a Rome ? There is no pre-existing academic discourse, and the authors must invoke invented critics and imagined academic texts to bolster the existence of the fictional works. What is the relationship of the literary text to these invented academic articles so necessary to the elaboration of the fictional universe and set up as ostensible "sources" for the work at hand? This paper will investigate the types of academic discourses invented by the authors and the aura of accreditation they lend to the fictional universe in which they participate. In particular, I will examine how the authors create a body of knowledge reserved for the narrator and inaccessible to the reader.


In order to increase the precision of the luminosity measurement and to benefit from the smaller diameter of the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) beam pipe, a new luminometer is being built at Scalay, in collaboration with CERN and INFN-Pisa. The design of this calorimeter, which consists of two cylinders of 12 layers each, is described. Each layer contains tungsten, used as converter, and silicon crystals, divided in pads, as the sensitive medium. The expected performances are reviewed. Special attention is given to the systematic errors. A prototype of this detector has been exposed to a 50-GeV electron beam at CERN in order to check the behaviour of the silicon detectors, front-end electronics, and full digitization and readout chain.<<ETX>>


The generation of steel slag and fly-ash as industrial waste is very high with the development of industry. The accumulation of the waste not only takes the large amount of land but also causes some environmental problems. The intention of this paper is to recycle the steel slag and fly ash to produce cementing materials by alkali-activating. A new type of crack-resistance mortar can then be made by the alkali-activated cementing materials without any Portland cement. Two kinds of sodium silicate used as activator in the study are in solid phase and liquid phase, respectively. Tests of compressive strength and flexural strength were performed to evaluate the properties of the crack-resistance mortar using the two types of activators. Results show that solid activators can obviously improve the compressive and flexural strength at early stages, but become weaker in the later stages .The strength of the mortar using solid activator is increased by 12% compared to liquid activator at the early stages. Moreover, as the water-cement ratio increases, the mortar strength decreases.


This paper provides an overview of a manufacturing test implementation by BAE Systems, utilizing the "IEEE-1505.3-2015™ Universal Test Interface (UTI) Pin Map Configuration for Portable and Bench Top Requirements Utilizing IEEE Std 1505-2010TM"[2] [3]. This standard specifies requirements for a test interface system configuration framework and a physical pin map, to enable the interoperability of compliant interface Fixtures (also known as Interface Test Adapters [ITA], Interface Devices [ID], or Interconnection Devices), on multiple scalable Automatic Test Systems (ATS). The paper describes how the features and capabilities of the IEEE-1505.3-2015™ Standard were applied by BAE for their manufacturing test applications. This also served to validate the open standard as a high performance, multi-signal connector, scalable architecture applicable across all of its manufacturing applications. As a fundamental interface element of any Test Program Set (TPS) input/output (I/O) configuration (receiver/fixture structure), the 1505.3 standard implementation at the factory and subsequent migration to its government customer for depot use, can have significant benefits. These value-added benefits for the US Air Force are discussed regarding the vertical integration of a IEEE-1505.3-2015™ TPS being migrated from factory to depot.


Difference among the three population characteristics of weak-gluten wheat variety Ningmai 9 under different plant density, nitrogen application amount and basal: top dressing N treatments was analyzed, especially for the population indices and morphological characteristics with good grain quality and grain yield of about 6 000 kg·hm-2. Compared with medium- and high-gluten wheat, the cultivation technique of increasing plant density and the percentage of basal dressing N moderately, decreasing nitrogen application amount appropriately could harmonize the grain yield with grain quality.


The pedagogue plays an essential role in developing pedagogical practices in juvenile detention units. However, building significant work in the space of deprivation of freedom is challenging. This article aims to deal with the pedagogue's role in social-educational units, highlighting the challenges and possibilities of the practices. To do so, exploratory research and bibliographic studies on the topic were carried out. The results point to issues related to initial training, the need to develop public policies and reflective pedagogical practices, and the construction of the Individual Plan of Attendance (PIA). We conclude that education is the individual's right, besides contributing to freedom and social transformation. Therefore, the pedagogue's performance must be guided by practices that do not reinforce marginalization and social exclusion.


The existence of seasonal variability in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) has been debated for years, with contradictory results. The aim of this study was to identify the trend and possible existence of a seasonal pattern in hospitalizations for PE in Spain.


This paper provides an assessment of the costs of complying with Basel III for the Italian economy. The main findings are the following. For each percentage point increase in the capital ratio implemented over an eight-year horizon, the level of GDP would decline by 0.00-0.33% (0.03-0.39% if credit rationing is also accounted for), corresponding to a reduction of annual output growth in the transition period of 0.00-0.04 percentage points (0.00-0.05 percentage points if credit rationing is considered as well). Compliance with the new liquidity standards causes an additional slowdown of annual GDP growth of at most 0.02 percentage points. If banks felt forced to speed up the transition to the new capital rules by the beginning of 2013, the fall in output would be larger and would take place beforehand. Long-run costs of achieving the new capital standards are even lower, slightly less than 0.2%; those needed to comply with the target liquidity ratio are of a similar size. The above estimates suggest that the economic costs of Basel III are not huge and become negligible if compared with the potential benefits that can be reaped from reducing the frequency of systemic crises and the amplitude of boom-bust cycles.


The way firms are perceived internally and externally is relevant in many domains. For instance, the degree of investor attention can have an impact on the firm's stock market valuation, as can the representation of the firm in the news media. Moreover, the perception of the quality of a firm's products by consumers determines sales, while the reputation of the firm among employees can have an effect on its ability to hire and retain qualified staff. In this dissertation, I investigate determinants and consequences of the perception of firms in all of these settings.


Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are highly prevalent in the population, and their rupture poses a significant risk of death or disability. However, the treatment of aneurysms, whether through interventional embolization or craniotomy clipping surgery, is not always safe and carries a certain proportion of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early detection and prompt intervention of IAs with a high risk of rupture is of notable clinical significance. Moreover, accurately predicting aneurysms that are likely to remain stable can help avoid the risks and costs of over-intervention, which also has considerable social significance. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology offer promising strategies to assist clinical trials. This review will discuss the state-of-the-art AI applications for assessing the rupture risk of IAs, with a focus on achievements, challenges, and potential opportunities.


We analyse the importance of international relations between countries on the financial stability. The contagion effect in the network is tested by implementing an epidemiological model, comprising a number of European countries and using bilateral data on foreign claims between them. Banking statistics of consolidated foreign claims on ultimate risk bases, obtained from the Banks of International Settlements, allow us to measure the exposure of contagion spreading from a particular country to the other national banking systems. We show that the financial system of some countries, experiencing the debt crisis, is a source of global systemic risk because they threaten the stability of a larger system, being a global threat to the intoxication of the world economy and resulting in what we call a "financial virus". Illustrative simulations were done in the NetLogo multi-agent programmable modelling environment and in MATLAB.


In the era of media integration, media literacy is an important part of the training of innovative talents for journalism and communication that has been increasingly valued by the media industry, Media literacy education is of great practical significance for improving the training methods of journalism and communication talents and creating a better media content. Based on this perspective of the media literacy education, the author has conducted an in-depth discussions on how to promote the cultivation of innovative talents in journalism and communication, aiming to provide more valuable reference for the majority of journalism and communication peers.


Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of six brands (18 samples) of yoghurt sampled from retail outlets in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria were evaluated for the level of quality measures used by the producers and their wholesomeness for human consumption. The mean pH value of the yoghurt samples ranges from 3.69-4.50. The mean total aerobic plate count (TPAC) was 3.37 x 10 4 cfu/ml while the range was 2.66 x 10 4 to 1.13 x 10 4 cfu/ml of yoghurt. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the cfu/ml between the six yoghurt brands analysed. The aerobic plate mesophilic bacteria isolated were Lactobacillus spp and Streptococcus spp while E. coli an indicator for coliforms was not detected in any of the samples. The findings of this study indicates that the bacterial load of commercially produced yoghurt sold in Sokoto were within the recommended safe limits of 1.0 – 3.5 x 10 4 cfu/ml for human consumption.


Simple Summary Liver venous deprivation (LVD) has emerged as a promising technique in the pursuit of improving surgical outcomes for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) patients. This procedure, which combines portal inflow and hepatic outflow abrogation, has generated significant clinical interest. However, its specific role in optimizing the future liver remnant (FLR) before liver resection, especially when compared to portal vein embolization (PVE), remains unclear. Between 2013 and 2022, all patients with PHC undergoing preoperative FLR enhancement were evaluated. FLR volume assessments were conducted at two time points to evaluate early and late efficacy indicators. While both LVD and PVE cohorts experienced similar post-procedural complications, LVD demonstrated superior FLR function and growth rates at both assessment points. This suggests faster recovery and improved remnant liver functionality. Although FLR volumes remained comparable between the techniques, LVD emerged as an effective method for optimizing FLR in PHC, potentially enhancing liver function and reducing post-hepatectomy liver failure rates, thus improving overall surgical outcomes. Abstract Purpose: Among liver hypertrophy technics, liver venous deprivation (LVD) has been recently introduced as an effective procedure to combine simultaneous portal inflow and hepatic outflow abrogation, raising growing clinical interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of LVD for preoperative optimization of future liver remnant (FLR) in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC), especially when compared with portal vein embolization (PVE). Methods: Between January 2013 and July 2022, all patients diagnosed with PHC and scheduled for preoperative optimization of FTR, through radiological hypertrophy techniques, prior to liver resection, were included. FTR volumetric assessment was evaluated at two distinct timepoints to track the progression of both early (T1, 10 days post-procedural) and late (T2, 21 days post-procedural) efficacy indicators. Post-procedural outcomes, including functional and volumetric analyses, were compared between the LVD and the PVE cohorts. Results: A total of 12 patients underwent LVD while 19 underwent PVE. No significant differences in either post-procedural or post-operative complications were found. Post-procedural FLR function, calculated with (99m) Tc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and kinetic growth rate, at both timepoints, were greater in the LVD cohort (3.12 ± 0.55%/min/m2 vs. 2.46 ± 0.64%/min/m2, p = 0.041; 27.32 ± 16.86%/week (T1) vs. 15.71 ± 9.82%/week (T1) p < 0.001; 17.19 ± 9.88%/week (T2) vs. 9.89 ± 14.62%/week (T2) p = 0.034) when compared with the PVE cohort. Post-procedural FTR volumes were similar for both hypertrophy techniques. Conclusions: LVD is an effective procedure to effectively optimize FLR before liver resection for PHC. The faster growth rate combined with the improved FLR function, when compared to PVE alone, could maximize surgical outcomes by lowering post-hepatectomy liver failure rates.


Micronutrient malnutrition particularly prevalent in resource poor families in the developing world has emerged as a major health challenge. Billions of people worldwide suffer from impaired growth and development owing to insufficient supply of essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals leading to significant economic losses. India is home to a large number of undernourished people warranting immediate interventions. Maize is a staple crop with diverse end uses; thus micronutrient enriched maize holds immense promise for sustainable and cost-effective solutions to overcome malnutrition. We present here a review on status, constraints and opportunities in developing biofortified maize cultivars with enhanced protein quality, provitamin A, and kernel -Fe and -Zn. Quality protein maize possessing higher lysine and tryptophan is a classical example of how its successful adoption has resulted in significantly reducing malnutrition. Novel genetic variants of crtRB1 and lcyE genes have opened up new avenues for food-based solution to vitamin A deficiency. Availability of variation for kernel -Fe and -Zn and the possibility for manipulation of anti-nutritional- and promoting- factors offer distinct opportunity to deliver bioavailable minerals through diet. Development of multinutrient rich maize would help in achieving nutritional security in a more holistic way. Possible interventions to overcome the challenges of slow dissemination of biofortified crops have also been discussed.


The current study characterizes how pad size, shape, and spacing affect the pressure infiltration under a military helmet during a blast event. The pads are represented as an array of static obstacles in two-dimensions, and computational fluid dynamics is used to predict the interaction of a blast wave with the array. Unlike obstacle arrangements for defending the perimeter of an object such as a building, the pressures generated among the obstacles (and not just transmitted beyond the obstacle array) drive the performance assessments. Three baseline obstacle arrangements consisting of 7, 19, and 37 circular pads blocking the same total area have been defined. Testing indicates that the array of more, smaller pads experienced lower peak pressures at the "core" area at the center of the pad array as compared to the array of fewer, larger pads. Additionally, altering the shape of the perimeter pads demonstrated that both reducing the gap between the pads and presenting a flat face to the incoming wave reduce pressure infiltration into the array.


It is demonstrated that a heme protein (cytochrome c [Cyt c]) nanosphere plays a strong anchoring role in binding hydroxyl groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) leading to outstanding high‐temperature (100 °C) retention characteristics of transistor‐type organic memory devices (TOMDs). The PVA:Cyt c layers are spin‐coated on indium tin oxide gate electrodes from aqueous solutions with various Cyt c contents up to 50 wt%, followed by the formation of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) channel layers and nickel/aluminum top source/drain electrodes in TOMDs. Results show that adding 20 wt% Cyt c improves the drain current of devices in the presence of good hysteresis characteristics, which are maintained even after exposure to high‐temperature conditions (100 °C). The excellent conservation of hysteresis characteristics is attributed to the formation of Cyt c nanospheres that act as an anchoring point to retard the relaxation of PVA chains via specific interactions (hydrogen bonding etc.) between amino groups in the Cyt c nanosphere surfaces and hydroxyl groups in the PVA chains. The optimized PVA:Cyt c layers (20 wt% Cyt c, thermal treatment at 100 °C) deliver excellent retention characteristics to TOMDs, whereas no memory function is measured in the case of the pristine PVA layers at 100 °C.


31
 P principal elements of chemical shift tensors δii for a series of hexacoordinate organophosphorus compounds have been obtained from spinning sideband intensities employing the MASNMR program based on a graphical method of Berger and Herzfeld. It was found that anisotropy parameters Δδ and span Ω reflect the distortion of the molecular structure from the ideal octahedral geometry. The asymmetry parameter η and skew κ suggest that the phosphorus shielding depends not only on the local bonding, but also on the octahedral structure as a whole. Comparison of isotropic chemical shifts in solution and in solids revealed that in both phases the molecular structures are not changed. Moreover, this work shows that for PVI moieties with unknown X-ray structure, crucial information regarding the geometry can be obtained from solid-state NMR data and a molecular modelling approach.


According to the drilling results,combination of rock slice,casting thin-section,scanning electron microscope,and so on,analysis datas,by means of microcosmic reservoir characteristics and pore structure analysis,describe the low permeability sandstone reservoir characteristics of Shahejie Formation in the south uplift of Miaoxi.This paper analyses the effects of low permeability reservoir factors from sedimentary environments and rock action two respects.The results show that reservoir rock types of shahejie group in the south uplift of Miaoxi is mainly lithic sandstone feldspar and lithic feldspar sandstone.Drilling is in the sedimentary system marginal facies.Small sediment particle size,poor sorting,high shale content are the foundation of forming the low permeability reservoir.Multiple stage cementation of carbonate rock is the main influence factor of reservoir while the denudation and tectonic stress in reservoir improvement action are limited.