Introduction In any organization, the basic functional units are perceived as teams. All organizations practically utilize teams in various ways. However, the organizational positive outcomes are entirely dependent on the appropriate design and proper team functioning. Group structures and processes are important in the outcomes of public healthcare teams. 3 However, at the core of the team performance in public hospitals was noted by the authors to be leadership which they considered as the primary contributor to the team's performance. Leadership or absence of appropriate leadership is the major determinant of the expected and actual team performance and the key to failure or source of success in public hospitals. Furthermore, Healthcare leadership at its heart has been acknowledged broadly as a practice of influencing others with the aim of facilitating the accomplishment of common organizational objectives. In nursing literature, healthcare leadership is seen as a complex and multifaceted process that involves the provision of resources, support, coordination and motivation required by individuals and teams to perform their tasks effectively and achieve the set goals. Nonetheless, many confuse leadership with management forgetting that these two concepts are distinct mainly because they overlap and interconnect between each role in practice. Management is viewed as organizational, operational aspects such as organizing, staffing, planning and monitoring in contrast to leadership which means long-term strategic vision creation


Various system embodiments comprise a myocardial stimulator, at least one sensor adapted for use in detecting heart rate to determine heart rate turbulence (HRT), and a controller connected to the myocardial stimulator and the at least one sensor. The myocardial stimulator is adapted to deliver pacing pulses through at least one electrode to provide cardiac pacing. The controller is adapted to intermittently deliver a sequence of stress-inducing pacing pulses adapted to increase sympathetic tone during the stress-inducing pacing. The controller is further adapted to determine HRT from the detected heart rate to assess cardiac stress to the stress-inducing pacing pulses, and adjust at least one parameter of the stress-inducing pacing pulses to adjust cardiac stress if the cardiac stress to the stress-inducing pacing pulses is undesirable.


Periodontitis is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is also associated with kidney function decline. It is unclear whether dental scaling treatment prevents the progression of CKD. In a nationwide cohort study, Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database was used to select people with CKD. Propensity score-matching procedures were performed to compare the long-term risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between CKD patients with and without the receipt of dental scaling. A total of 33,637 matched pairs with CKD were included, with 503,373 person-years of follow-up for analyses. Dental scaling was significantly associated with a lower risk of ESRD (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–0.90). In addition, there was a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of dental scaling and a reduced risk of ESRD. Dental scaling was also linked to reduced risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (aHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87–0.95), sepsis (aHR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.77–0.85), and all-cause mortality (aHR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76–0.87). Dental scaling was significantly associated with lower risks of progression to ESRD in patients with CKD. Regular dental scaling may serve as a prophylactic measure for kidney function decline.


Defective half-Heuslers, X 1−x YZ, with different degrees of short- and long-range vacancy order can be explained using a simple model. In this model, the vacancies avoid being nearest or next-nearest neighbors. The model reproduces previously observed diffuse electron-diffraction data. The findings suggest a method for further improving thermoelectric efficiency of these materials.


The speculations of Koch have proven to be prescient, since the most recent data show that toxigenic Vibrio cholerae exist outside the human intestine and the autochthonous nature of V. cholerae is an important factor in the epidemiology of cholera, significantly so in endemic
areas. If one statistically charts the frequency of occurrence of human diseases, infectious diseases top
the list with an average of 17-20% cases causing high mortality every year (WHO, 2001). While some of these infections were caused by eukaryotic parasites, bacterial pathogens continue to pose a threat to the well being of humans and animals both in the developing and
developed countries. One of the principal infections spread by bacterial pathogens is the incidence of diarrhea that leads to more than two million deaths each year (WHO, 2001). Although there are several viral and bacterial enteropathogens, which are responsible for infective diarrhea, but fatal diarrhoeal disease cholera caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae has produced repeated pandemics. Cholera is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea resulting in severe dehydration, which leads to death if untreated.


Progress has been made in four areas: the synthesis of new materials for directional electron; the preparation and characterization of anisotropic composites bearing organic and inorganic components; the elaboration of mechanisms of electrocatalysis; and the development of new methods for surface modification of metals and semiconductors.


Michele A. Shermak, Body Contouring. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. ISBN: 978-0071604673 ![][1]

Body Contouring , by Dr. Michele A. Shermak, is part of the "Plastic Surgery Atlas" series from McGraw-Hill Medical publishers. The book has a total of 50 chapters distributed among seven sections in a short 264 pages. Section 1 serves as the introduction and comprises six chapters that cover general topics such as safety, positioning, psychosocial issues, medications to avoid, massive weight loss, and complication management. The other 44 chapters are divided among the remaining six sections, which respectively cover body contouring in the upper extremities, female breast, gynecomastia, abdomen, back, and lower extremities. Sections 2 to 7, dealing with the operative procedures, follow the same pattern as Section 1 and are well organized. Each section begins with a chapter that discusses the usual patient presentation for body contouring in that particular anatomical area, and the author provides relevant examples. The second chapter in each section includes a color plate illustrating the pertinent anatomy. These drawings are highly detailed, anatomically accurate, and relevant to the procedures covered in that section. The rest of the chapters in each section discuss the different contouring procedure options. Each procedural chapter has concise text describing the procedure, accompanied by medical illustrations and followed by …

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To improve the energy utilizing efficiency and the monitoring accuracy of material moisture in the drying process of Cantonese cured meat,a heat pump dryer was used for drying Cantonese cured meat,and the kinetics of moisture ratio(MR) were fitted to select 11 different mathematical models of thin-layer dying.An optimum model was chosen based on their coefficients of determination(R2),root mean square error(RMSE) and chi-square(χ2).The effects of drying air temperature and velocity on the model constants and coefficients were evaluated by regression analysis.The results showed that the Two term model was superior to the others in describing the drying curves of Cantonese cured meat and experimental data of MR was in agreement with the predicted results.The effect of drying air temperature and velocity within the range of 50—60 ℃ and 0.4—1.0 m/s could be described to predict the moisture content of the product with the model using the established model.


This document defines the software quality assurance plan (SQAP) as it shall be applied to the development of the monitor and control system for the Integrated Corrosion Facility (ICF). The purpose of this SQA plan is to provide guidance to the development team in software quality and associated documentation.


For the religionist, the benefits of delving into early Christian art are quite tangible. Images from different eras of Christian history elucidate significant developments in the tradition, greatly enhancing the understanding of theological and historical movements. Christian art is a useful and effective medium to shed light on different aspects of Christian history, as students and observers can readily witness and make connections between images and architecture created centuries ago to more contemporary art. The study of Christian art is a truly interdisciplinary endeavor that yields positive results. However, it is important to understand the origins and development of the Christian visual tradition and to review the existing scholarship in the field. Christian art did not arrive ex nihilo; it derived from the rich tapestry of the existing visual language in antiquity which included influences from outside Christianity. In this essay, I will trace the development of early Christian art and demonstrate that Christian images arose from their Greco-Roman environment. The study of early Christian art is useful in recognizing how art and imagery conveyed theological concepts and reflected historical circumstances pertinent to Christian origins. The development of a Christian visual language testifies to the larger human desire to see and witness elements of faith. To 'see' God with the eyes of the spirit, early Christians wanted to see their faith in paint, glass, gold and stone; a desire that is not 'early' or 'modern' but timeless.


Due to the prominent mechanical and physical properties, CFRPs have a broad application prospects in many domains. Aiming to the problems faced by available machining processes of CFRPs, this work proposed an integrated manufacturing process of CFRP parts by combining RFI process with cutting process, which replaced machining processes of the difficult-to-machine CFRPs with cutting of the flexible carbon fiber fabrics infiltrated by melted resin matrix. And it carried out molding, cutting and curing in a press stroke by a multi-functional die whose structure is given in this paper. Furthermore, by comparing the cross-section quality of CFRP parts obtained from the proposed integrated manufacturing process with that of drilling, mechanical machining and laser cutting, the integrated manufacturing process is verified to be feasible, cost-effective and capable of avoiding subsequent machining processes of difficult-to-machine CFRPs.


Abstract : We reviewed in this chapter, studies of the ERP that have, we think, one characteristic in common. In each case the ERP served as a source of information on the timing or the intensity of an information processing activity whose behavior is not easily monitored by means of observations on overt responses. It would seem that a science of Human Engineering that is interested in developing and testing hypotheses about the internal structure and the operating modes of the human operator would benefit from this additional information. We advocate here the use of the ERP as an analytical tool that can usefully aid in deepening our understanding, and the measurement of, mental workload.


Masking material, for example, a method for removing the photoresist, and an electronic device formed by removing the masking material is shown. For example, a method for removing the masking material, the masking material, comprising contacting a solution containing cerium and at least one additional oxidant. Cerium may be included in the salt. Salt may be ammonium cerium nitrate. At least one additional oxidant, manganese, ruthenium and / or osmium containing compound.


A method for the simultaneous analysis of clenbuterol,salbutamol,ractopamine and terbutalin residues in creatural liver was developed using high performance liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) based on gel permeation chromatographic(GPC) purification.The homogenized samples were digested by β-glucuronidase enzyme,and extracted with ammonium acetate,further cleanup was performed on a MCX cartridge and a GCP,The selected ion monitoring(SIM) method was used for detection and quantified by the interal standard method.The calibration curves showed good linearities for clenbuterol in the range of 0.1 ~ 10 ng/mL and for ractopamine,salbutamol and terbutalin in the range of 1 ~ 100 ng/mL with correlation coefficients(r2) more than 0.999.The limits of detection of four β-agonists were in the ranges of 0.003 ~ 0.02 μg/kg.The limits of quantification were in the ranges of 0.009 ~ 0.06 μg/kg.The spiked recoveries ranged from 94.7% to106.1% with relative standard deviations less than 7.8%.This method was suitable for the identification and quantification of clenbuterol,ractopamine,salbutamol and terbutalin in creatural liver.


Currently the Internet has provided a significant contribution in terms of trade in the cyber world where distance and boundaries between regions and countries are no longer an obstacle to offering consumer products or production. This writing presents a discussion and steps making websites offering goods and order. Discussion include the creation of databases from a database catalog of products to customer data, web programming, and design a page view using the software MySQL, PHP and Macromedia Dreamweaver MX.


The reaction of enaminones (I), benzaldehydes (II), anilines (III), and thiourea proceeds in the manner of specific diastereoselectivity with all-cis relationship of the substituents at the resulting pyrimidinethiones.


This study reviews election records and introduces the development of open election data in Taiwan over the past seven decades. The study reports the frequencies of each previous election and current data formats using a 5-star open data deployment scheme. Currently, the earliest open election data for Taiwan is the election data from 1990. This election data is composed of election data and electoral bulletins. The open electoral results were in CSV formatted files, which fitted the definition of 3-star open data. The open electoral bulletins were in the format of PDF files, which were considered only 1-star open data based on the open data format definition. Improvements to the open election data include the following aspects: raise the open data to a 4-star format for linkage to other databases; open more election data, especially for elections held before 1990. The improvement will increase the usage of the open election data in the future.


The configuration model is one of the most successful models for generating uncorrelated random networks. We analyze its behavior when the expected degree sequence follows a power law with exponent smaller than two. In this situation, the resulting network can be viewed as a weighted network with non trivial correlations between strength and degree. Our results are tested against large scale numerical simulations, finding excellent agreement.


This paper deals with the discussion of some approaches to analytical and numerical solutions of linear boundary value problems for Hamiltonian systems of ordinary differential equations. The discussed approaches are based on a general conception of reducing initial linear system to another, in a sense, simpler system.


In the Winter 1994 issue of the Fordham Urban Law Journal, R.S. Radford reviewed Dennis Coyle's book "Property Rights and the Constitution." Radford's theory relies on the idea that property rights deserve greater constitutional protection than they have received in the 60 years since the Supreme Court accepted the legitimacy of the regulatory state. This article reviews Radford's interpretation and criticism of Coyle's theory, analyzes Radford's theories in light of recent cases, and discussed the constitutional implications of Radford's analysis and how they relate to the economic regulations that they empower.


The brain function is a network phenomenon. The architecture of brain networks has been extensively studied in multiple species. However, exactly how the brain network reconfigures when a local brain region stops functioning is virtually unknown. By combining chemogenetic and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) methods in an awake rodent model, we investigated the causal impact of inactivating a hub region (i.e. dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) on brain network properties. We found that disrupting hub activity profoundly changed the function and organization of the default-mode network (DMN), as well as DMN-related behavior (i.e. quiet restfulness). It also altered the topological architecture of the whole-brain network in network resilience, segregation and small worldness, but not network integration. These data provide direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that acute dysfunction of a brain hub can cause large-scale network changes. They also comprehensively document the differential impact of inactivating a hub versus a non-hub on network dynamics.


Three variables have been found to be important indicators in determining the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the pre-existing personality, the trauma involved and the individual's environment. The neurological impact of PTSD on the brain's pathways gives credence to psychopharmacologic treatment. Five treatment principles of PTSD are discussed as helpful models for treating this disorder.


Induced hypothermia is recommended for patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) who remain comatose after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation or asystolic cardiac arrest, but many centers have not adopted the recommendation because of real or perceived logistic challenges. These authors assessed the feasibility of achieving the recommended …


In 2011 Peter Madsen left his estate, including his art collection, to York Museums Trust. Five artists have made new work for this exhibition, using objects from his collection. We can never know what drew Peter Madsen to collect and keep these things but each artist has found new ways to value them. York Art Gallery is currently undergoing an £8 million redevelopment. This ambitious project was made possible by the bequest of £2 million by Peter Emil Madsen and his sister Karen Madsen, both from York. Their gift also included Peter's diverse collection of paintings, books, prints, small sculptures and ethnographic objects. York Art Gallery has been allowed to sell any pieces not taken into the City's art collections.

Of course, the historical importance and artistic quality of some works meant they had to be kept. Other works were sold at auction, happily passing into the care of other collectors whilst adding to the monetary value of the gift.

I produced 40 new paintings for the exhibition 'Finding the Value' at York St Mary's. I have used a selection of the figurative paintings from the Madsen siblings collection, to create new ReconFigure paintings. I responded to the diversity of the collection, by using examples of different styles and types of the figurative paintings to paint over with my triangular/crystalline paintwork. By displaying the paintings on mass I foresee my marks creating a consistency to the original paintings; as a way of bringing the diversity together, whilst also celebrating it. I also see a parallel with the somewhat unknown figures of the Madsen brother and sister and the painted out figures in my paintings. In both cases they are present, but almost hidden behind a veil, but are also something that is absent, no longer with us.


Pathogens often cause disease in plants, causing losses both in quality and quantity, and frequently can cause death on plants cultivated. Biological control begin to be selected in control of pathogens. Antagonist agent Trichoderma is known to control fungal pathogens causing plant diseases. This study looked over inhibition effects of Trichoderma sp. against pathogenic fungi; C. capsici, Fusarium sp. and S. rolfsii. This research was conducted at Laboratory of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from April to August 2012. The study began with isolation of the pathogen obtained from chili and soybean crops infected in the field.. Pathogenic fungi isolated were Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii . Variables observed were wide and diameter colony of Trichoderma sp. , diameter colony of pathogens, and the percentage of inhibition. The results showed that Trichoderma sp., had ability to inhibit the growth of pathogen Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro . The highest percentage of inhibition of Trichoderma sp. was 68,2% against Colletotrichum capsici , followed by 53,9% against Fusarium sp., and the lowest inhibition was against Sclerotium rolfsii (35.5%).


A mathematic model based on free trailing vortex theory and lifting-surface theory was developed to describe the ambient airflow by blades and characteristics of wind turbine so as to investigate the aerodynamic behavior of a wind turbine blade.A numerical solution to the model was carried out to obtain the relationship between tip velocity ratio and power coefficient as well as that between wind velocity and power coefficient by introducing the induced velocity between the blades and vortices.Compared with experimental data,it was found that the theoretical results conform basically with the experimental results.Further,compared with the CFD(computational fluid dynamics) method,the free trailing vortex method would get acceptable computational accuracy at lower cost.The results are therefore regarded as available to select the wind turbine position in a wind field and optimize the design of wind turbine control system.


A year passed-by full of exciting physics and new discoveries. One of the major announcements in 2013 was the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN [1]. ATLAS and CMS experiments confirmed that a new particle has been found which is compatible with the Higgs boson. In the same year, the Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to François Englert and Peter W. Higgs "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles . . . " [2]. Although the prize went to two theory pioneers it is clear that this success was a result of major efforts of thousands of people, including experimentalists, engineers as well as people working in administration, logistic and funding. A truly Big Science enterprise. Annalen der Physik congratulates all people involved for this feast of human curiosity, endurance and the untiring will to understand nature. In addition to this, understanding fundamental physical laws can also be brought forward on a low energy scale which marked a major theme in Annalen der Physik last year, see our (double) special issue on "Precision Experiments and Fundamental Physics at Low Energies" edited by Klaus Blaum, Holger Müller, and Nathal Severijns [3, 4]. Other topics were of interest, too. Recently, and most likely inspired by the seminal work from Nobel laureates Serge Haroche [5] and David Wineland [6], our guest editors and advisory board members Rainer Blatt, Immanuel Bloch, Ignacio Cirac, and Peter Zoller organized the special issue "Quantum Simulation" which also presents the Nobel lectures of the afore mentioned prize winners [7]. In this context I would like to point to the work of S. Schmidt and J. Koch "Circuit QED lattices – Towards quantum simulation with superconducting circuits" earlier last year [8] and to M. Schlosshauer, J. Kofler and A. Zeilinger's discussion on "The interpretation of quantum mechanics: from disagreement to consensus?" [9]. Yet, there were more aspects in physics that seemed worth to be brought forward. Peter Hommelhoff, Matthias Kling, and Mark Stockman organized a special issue with invited contributions in the field of "Ultrafast Phenomena on the Nanoscale" [10], including intensely discussed problems in the field like high-harmonic generation [11–14]. What else is out there? For 2014, Annalen der Physik has announced to publish focus issues on three major topics to catch up with recent research efforts in some of the most challenging and promising branches in our field. One of the most puzzling and controversially discussed questions concerns the destiny of our universe. Richard Battye, Ariel Goobar, and Jochen Weller organize the special issue "The Accelerating Universe" (submission deadline March 17, 2014). Invitations to participate are still open and can be viewed at www.ann-phys.org. This special issue complements the issue on "Dark Matter" by Matthias Bartelmann and Volker Springel [15] from 2012 with highlight articles from Lars Bergstrom [16], Carlos S. Frenk and Simon D.M. White [17] and many more. Another topic will be covered by Jack Harris, Peter Rabl and Albert Schliesser, focusing on "Quantum and Hybrid Mechanical Systems – From Fundamentals to Applications" (submission deadline May 2, 2014). This issue, too, adds nicely to our previous efforts to publish more articles in this field, see for example Pierre Meystre's overview article "A short walk through quantum optomechanics" [18]. Further submissions are welcome! Finally, Francisco Guinea, Misha I. Katsnelson, and Tim Wehling will organize the issue "Twodimensional Materials: Electronic Structure and Many-Body Effects" (submission deadline May 1, 2014). As the guest editors said these new materials "hold the promise for novel devices with designed electronic properties" thus being today's subject of basic research and tomorrow's everyday technology. For further details, please visit our homepage. In this current issue we present some interesting overview works in the fields of quantum optics (G. Feve et al. page 1) and two-dimensional spectroscopy (G. Scholes et al. page 31), as well as novel research work by P. Kinsler and M. McCall on spacetime transformation theory (page 51) and J. E. Hirsch's work on superconductivity and


A study of changes in nano-scale morphology of thin films of nano-crystalline transition metal (TM) elemental oxides, HfO 2 and TiO 2 , on plasma-nitrided Ge(100) substrates, and Si(100) substrates with ultra-thin (-0.8 nm) plasma-nitrided Si suboxide, SiO x , x<2, or SiON interfacial layers is presented. Near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAS) has been used to determine nano-scale morphology of these films by Jahn-Teller distortion removal of band-edge d-state degeneracies. These results identify a new and novel application for NEXAS based on the resonant character of the respective O K 1 and N K 1 edge absorptions. This paper also includes a brief discussion the integration issues for introduction this Ge break-through into advanced semiconductor circuits and systems.


Before modern times, parties were merely factions aimed at conquering power on behalf of the man who sought it. With the birth of suffrage and its extension, they became more organized, were structured around sets of ideas, platforms aimed at answering society's interrogations, and tried to unite the aspirations of various social groups in order to get elected. But today, globalization and the fragmentation of contemporary societies seem to shake the foundations of this model.


Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of a rehabilitation program including Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on physical function, self-esteem, and quality of life of post-stroke elderly patients. Method: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test research design was used. Participants in the study were 44 post-stroke elderly people (22 in an experimental group, 22 in a control group) enrolled in a social welfare center and a hospital in K city. Data were collected from April 6 to August 20, 2004. The program consisted of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture, ROM exercise, health education and supportive care. The analyses were carried using frequencies, percentages, -test, Fisher exact and t-test with SPSS 10.0. Results: The patients in the experimental group, who took part in the 10-weeks rehabilitation program including Koryo Hand-Acupuncture, had significant increases in shoulder joint flexion, shoulder joint abduction, elbow joint flexion, hip joint flexion, knee joint flexion, knee joint extension, flexibility, self-esteem and quality of life as compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that a rehabilitation program including Koryo Hand-Acupuncture may be utilized as an effective nursing program to improve physical function, self-esteem and quality of life for post-stroke elderly patients.


Heart failure (HF) promotes atrial fibrillation (AF) by contributing to electric and structural changes. The development of AF in patients with preexisting congestive HF is associated with increased adverse events, including HF progression and mortality.1,2 However, large, randomized trials have failed to demonstrate that maintenance of sinus rhythm with antiarrhythmic drug therapy improves mortality.3 Some would argue that the development of AF is a marker of deterioration and that therapy will have little benefit. However, many would agree that sinus rhythm is a good thing. AF patients who have sinus rhythm restored have better functional capacity than those who remain in sinus rhythm.4 However, the electrophysiological changes that accompany HF are likely to reduce the chances of long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm. There is also concern that adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs, often amiodarone, in this population offset the benefit of sinus rhythm. Achieving sinus rhythm with catheter ablation offers the potential to maintain sinus rhythm without offsetting adverse drug effects.

Article, see p 1637

Catheter ablation has evolved from a therapy for selected patients with paroxysmal AF and no or minimal structural disease, in whom ablation is more effective than antiarrhythmic drug therapy, to include patients with heart disease and persistent AF.5 Despite procedural risks and a healing period of several weeks during which arrhythmia recurrence is not uncommon, current clinical guidelines support catheter ablation for selected patients with symptomatic paroxysmal AF and persistent AF.6 In paroxysmal AF, catheter ablation (pulmonary vein isolation) is associated with freedom from recurrent arrhythmias for 1 to 2 years in ≈70% of patients.5 In contrast, in patients with persistent AF, ablation with pulmonary vein isolation alone often fails, and additional ablation strategies seeking to deal with presumptive arrhythmia substrates or triggers that extend outside the …


This article engages with community-led responses to religious and political forms of violence within British Muslim communities. The focus here is on 'bottom-up', community-led responses to religious and political forms of violence, a relatively underrepresented topic, given the extent of policy and research literature concerning the nature and effects of 'top-down' counter-terrorism and counter-extremist initiatives such as the UK Government's Prevent strategy. The article argues two main points. First, that solutions to the problems of extremism, radicalisation and terrorism (to use the linguistic framework of the UK Government), or to the problems of religious and political forms of violence (the term used here), might be found as much within the realms of religion, culture, family and community as within the realms of security, policing and legislation. Second, that an analytical framework for the development of community-led approaches may be developed via consideration of the social psychological concept of resilience.


Based on time, to provide a system and method for automatically displaying personalized interactive media guidance application screen. The interactive media guidance application may monitor the user interaction with the user equipment to identify the individual user profiles for different times. Using this information, the interactive media guidance application, a day may be divided into a time zone associated with each user profile. The interactive media guidance application to display media guidance information, can create or select a plurality of personalized interface or configuration, each interface or configuration, reflects the user's interests profile identified to. When a user accesses the interactive media guidance application may display the personalized interface or configuration.


Gambas (Luffa acutangula L.) has several benefits as a treatment for jaundice, swollen lymph nodes, and diuretics. This study aims to determine the interaction between concentration and time interval of NASA POC application on gambas seed production. This research was conducted at the Jember State Polytechnic Experimental Field from August to November 2022. This study used factorial randomized group design (RGD) which was repeated 3 times. The first factor is the concentration of NASA POC consisting of K1 (1 ml/L), K2 (2 ml/L), K3 (3 ml/L). The second factor is the application time interval consisting of W1 (once every 3 days), W2 (once every 6 days), W3 (once every 9 days), W4 (once every 12 days). The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, if the results showed significantly different effects then continued with the DMRT test at 5%. The results showed that the treatment of NASA POC concentration and application time interval each gave a significantly different effect on the parameters of plant length, fruit weight per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed production per plot


An investigation has been conducted to determine the effects of wing camber and twist on the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a wingbody configuration. Three wings were used each having the same planform (aspect ratio of 2.5 and leading-edge sweep angle of 44 deg.) but differing in amounts of camber and twist (wing design lift coefficient). The wing design lift coefficients were 0, 0.35, and 0.70. The investigation was conducted over a Mach number range from 0.20 to 0.70 at angles of attack up to about 22 deg. The effect of wing strakes on the aerodynamic characteristics of the cambered wings was also studied. A comparison of the experimentally determined aerodynamic characteristics with theoretical estimates is also included.


Advanced composite materials have evolved to be the class of materials which meet the strict requirements of many ground- and space-based critical structures. Structures that incorporate these novel materials are frequently exposed to harsh environments during service and must be manufactured using high quality standards. Not only is it desirable to monitor and control the fabrication process of these materials using embedded sensors, but it is also necessary to instrument these structures with devices that allow in-service health monitoring. This paper describes an approach which integrates an optical fiber time domain strain and temperature monitoring network with a fiber optic cure monitoring system for composite materials. The proof-of-concept tests consisted of fabricating a thermoset composite laminate that combined a multi-segment optical fiber sensor network, monitored the state of cure during the fabrication of the laminate, and determined strain and temperature during tests performed after fabrication. Software was written to interface a commercially available optical time domain reflectometer system to a personal computer.


Several objective measures have been proposed to describe the feeling of spatial impression in concert halls, including Lateral Energy Fraction (LF) and Interaural Cross‐Correlation Coefficient (IACC). However, previous studies have shown that LF and IACC values did not highly correlate with each other at individual seat positions in real halls [J. S. Bradley, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3525–3535 (1994)]. To investigate the listener envelopment aspect of spatial impression further, subjective paired‐comparison tests have been run using signals which have various values for LF, early IACC (from 5–80 ms), late IACC (from 80 ms–1 s), and late lateral relative sound level (GLL). Another proposed measure, called Interaural Level Fluctuations (IALF), has also been included, which is based on the rate of change over time of the level difference between the ears. The binaural test signals were generated by the room acoustics simulation program ODEON, using four different musical motifs, and were presented to test su...


Disclosed are a surface-mounted light-emitting unit array from which a defective light-emitting chip from among a plurality of light-emitting chips mounted on a substrate surface can be replaced, a method for repairing same, and a light-emitting unit for repairing same. The disclosed method for repairing the surface-mounted light-emitting unit array comprises: a step of perforating a predetermined mounting region on a main substrate on which a defective light-emitting chip from among the plurality of light-emitting chips is mounted so as to separate the defective light-emitting chip from the main substrate and form a repair hole; a step of preparing a sub-base, a sub-circuit board disposed on the sub-base and having a sub-electrode of a predetermined pattern, and a spare light-emitting unit mounted on the sub-base or the sub-circuit board and comprising a spare light-emitting chip electrically connected to the sub-electrode; a step of inserting the spare light-emitting unit into the repair hole so as to combine the spare light-emitting unit with the repair hole; and a step of electrically connecting the sub-circuit board to the main substrate.


ABSTRACT In the archives of the Bible Society at Cambridge University Library, there are two New Testaments presented to black Antiguan Christians in the 1830s as part of a commemoration project following formal emancipation of enslaved people on 1 August 1834. They were marked as a gift by the Society, with a cover stamp and presentation label. After several decades of handling, they were given back to Bible Society representatives. This essay weighs the meaning of each act of giving, reading the evidence of the material text alongside the Bible Society's documentation, scholarship in the history of emancipation, and writing on gift theory, primarily by Pierre Bourdieu. The Society's project was an act of distraction or self-deception: abolitionists and missionaries were glad to think of themselves as generous benefactors. However, their idea of the gift, imposed from above like an impression on a leather cover, could not dictate the volumes' whole history. Marks in each volume show how their readers put them to use in their own way. The return gift can be read as an expression of agency, inserting the religious and reading experiences of a community into the Bible Society's archives.


Objective: In our clinic, 1429 patients who underwent amniocen- tesis and cordocentesis for prenatal diagnosis were evaluated retro- spectively. Methods: The cell culture success, prenatal diagnosis indications, detected chromosomal anomalies and the distribution of chromoso- mal anomalies according to age were studied in 1429 patients who underwent amniocentesis and cordocentesis between 2008 and 2014 retrospectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Overall culture success rate was 95%. In our study, advanced maternal age (n = 577, 40.4%) and increased risk of mater- nal serum screening (n=556, 38.9%) were the most common two indications. The most common chromosomal anomaly was trisomy 21 (n=39, 62.9%). There was no difference in the frequency of chro- mosomal anomalies between women under the age of 35 and women over the age of 35 (p= 1.0). Conclusion: Chromosomal anomaly rate was found to be 4.3% in our study. In this study, it was shown that maternal advanced age is the most common indication of prenatal diagnosis. However, there was no difference in the frequency of chromosomal anomalies between women under the age of 35 and women over the age of 35.


The paper discusses the problem of early onset anorexia nervosa. It draws attention to the incidence of this disorder in younger age groups and defines specific features in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. For illustration the case-history of a 12-year-old girl and her own account of the course of the disease is presented.


The significance and applicable value of reliability multi-level synthesis for large complex system are described,the studying status and developing trend of system reliability synthesis are analyzed,then the problems and shortcomings of traditional reliability synthesis method based on probability and statistics theory were indicated,the reliability multi-level synthesis for complex system based on information theory was put forward,and the basic thought of entropy method of reliability assessment is given.By the use of general expression of the information entropy for discrete variable and addible characteristics of information,the reliability assessment method was studied for the system composing of different and same distribution type components according to equivalence principle of information quantity.The basic conversion models of the entropy method for component data and the reliability assessment formulae of complex systems were presented.


For varied reasons,our understanding of Harold Pinter,the Nobel Prize winner for literature in 2005,is far from enough and,therefore,should be deepened.If we review the process of introducing,translating,studying and staging Pinter's plays in China,we shall find that there is discrepancy between interpretations of Pinter in the Chinese and British contexts.This is due to the difference between the historical,social and cultural conditions of the two countries.If we compare the reception of Pinter in China and in Russia,the above-mentioned reasons will become obvious,and realization of them will help us understand Pinter better.


The subject mainly studies hardenability of 52CrMnBA spring steel by jominy and simulated fullscale test.The results show that the ability to depth-harden of 52CrMnBA better than 50CrVA and 52CrMnBA spring flat which thickness is less than 30mm can be homogeneously quenched in the temperature range of 830 ℃~ 870 ℃.


A kind of high-efficient composite corrosion inhibitor ρ( PASP) ∶ ρ( PAA) ∶ ρ( HPMA) ∶ ρ( BTA) =2. 4 ∶ 1. 6 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 was developed from polyaspartic acid( PASP),polyacrylic acid( PAA),hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride( HPMA) and benzotriazole( BTA). The performance of corrosion inhibition was evaluated by rotary hanging-piece,electrochemical. The results show that the corrosion inhibiting rates for A3 carbon steel,copper,stainless steel of the corrosion inhibitor are 84. 8%,96. 4% and 99. 2%,respectively. Further dynamic simulated test also indicates that the scale and corrosion inhibitor meet the use demand of circulating cooling water.


Synthesis of new benzothiazole derivatives, derived from the condensation of 2-amino-7-chloro6 fluro benzothiazole with different aroyl chloride and obtained compounds has been (substituted phenyl carboxamido) benothiazole and obtained compounds has been subjected to a substitution reaction with different amines to yield 7alkyl/aryl amino-6-fluro-2-phenyl carboxamido benzothiazoles and 7alkyl/aryl amino-6-fluro-2 (3-nitro phenyl carboxamido) benzothiazoles. The synthesized compounds were screened for antifungal activities.


This article is born from my interest in understanding those aspects in the psyche that activate an urge to discover the scattered and broken pieces that complete the whole. The movement toward completion does not follow a lineal or progressive drive but pertains to the archetypal movements of the psyche that procure wholeness within the mystery of the psyche's dismembered nature. In its necessary fragmentation, there are aspects of the psyche that solar consciousness cannot realize. The detective function of the psyche is lunar because it is associated with death, darkness, and mystery. Thus, this article argues that there is a detective function intimately related to the symbolism of the moon, and through which depth psychology has illuminated the unconscious. This function works in a regressive motion and is awakened when one needs to pull together the pieces of personal stories. If a bizarre emotion is haunting one, one may feel the urge to place it somewhere, as if by doing so one would be restoring a whole. However, when one has lodged the matter in the dark—the unconscious—something comes back from there, demanding different treatment. It is as if a crime scene continues to surface through haunting details, narrating the story of a dismembered whole that calls for a specific type of attention. It is important to mention that even while there are various kinds of mysteries (hard-boiled, and soft-boiled), this article is a survey of one type of detective story.


Uncontrolled intersections are important and challenging traffic scenarios for autonomous vehicles. Vehicles not only need to avoid collisions with dynamic vehicles instantaneously but also predict their behavior then make long-term decisions in reaction. To solve this problem, we propose a cooperative framework composed of a Primary Driver (PD) for motion planning and a Subordinate Driver (SD) for decision-making. SD is essentially the combination of a prediction module and a high-level behavior planner, which develops a prediction-guided strategy tree to determine the optimal action sequence. Especially, under the guidance of the prediction results, the tree branches are evaluated in security metrics, then get trimmed in action and observation space to reduce the dimensional complexity. With the assistance of SD, PD works as a collision checker and a low-level motion planner to generate a safe and smooth trajectory. We use the INTERACTION dataset to validate our method and achieve more than 90% success rate with efficiency improvement in various situations.


2039 Background: Gimatecan (GTN) is a lipophilic camptothecin analogue with excellent activity against in vivo tumor models when given orally (p.o.). This report describes the pharmacokinetics (PK) of GTN in a phase I trial in adults with recurrent malignant gliomas.

METHODS
GTN was given p.o. once a day for 5 days every 4 weeks. The dose was independently escalated in patients based upon whether or not enzyme inducing antiseizure drugs (EIASDs) were used concurrently. At least 3 patients were evaluated at each dose level. Sampling to define GTN plasma profiles for first and fifth daily doses was performed during cycle 1. Total GTN (intact lactone + carboxylate forms) was measured in plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection (limit of detection, 1.0 ng/ml). PK parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods and are reported as mean ± SD values.

RESULTS
PK data are available at 4 doses ranging from 0.33-1.23 mg/m2/day in 14 non-EIASD patients and from 0.33-1.60 mg/m2/day in 12 patients receiving EIASDs. There has been no dose limiting toxicity. GTN reached a peak concentration in plasma (Cmax) within 2 h for 90% of all doses (N = 51). In the non-EIASD group, GTN had a long terminal half-life of 57 ± 22 h and an apparent clearance (CL/f) of 1.2 ± 0.9 L/h. CL/f was not significantly associated with body surface area suggesting that flat dosing may be appropriate. In patients receiving 1.23 mg/m2/day (N= 5), there was only a 5-fold difference between the trough concentration 24 h after dose 1 (16 ± 5 ng/ml) and the Cmax for dose 5 (76 ± 21 ng/ml). The mean drug accumulation factor was 2.7 ± 0.6 based upon the 24 h area under the curve for doses 1 and 5. EIASDs had a marked effect on GTN PK, increasing CL/f by a factor of 2-10 and decreasing the apparent half-life to a similar extent.

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with well tolerated doses of GTN p.o. on a daily x 5 schedule provides prolonged systemic exposure to potentially effective drug levels. As with other anticancer agents, EIASDs significantly increased the clearance of GTN; greater doses will be required to achieve plasma levels that are comparable to patients not taking EIASDs. [Table: see text].


Based on the formulas of effective permittivity and permeability of granular media derived from the strong fluctuation theory, the influence of the shapes of wave-absorbing particles was discussed. From the theory, the optimum shape of wave-absorbing particles was recommended and the prediction formulas of permittivity and permeability for ferrite wave-absorbing materials were given. It has been found that the experimental results are in good agreement with theoretic. The work would be helpful to the design of antiradar coating materials.


With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), services can be registered, invoked, and combined by their identical Quality of Services (QoS) attributes to create a new value-added application that fulfils user requirements. Efficient QoS-aware service composition has been a challenging task in cloud computing. This challenge becomes more formidable in emerging resource-constrained computing paradigms such as the Internet of Things and Fog. Service composition has regarded as a multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem that falls in the category of NP-hard. Historically, the proliferation of services added to problem complexity and navigated solutions from exact (none-heuristics) approaches to near-optimal heuristics and metaheuristics. Although metaheuristics have fulfilled some expectations, the quest for finding a high-quality, near-optimal solution has led researchers to devise hybrid methods. As a result, research on service composition shifts towards the hybridization of metaheuristics. Hybrid metaheuristics have been promising efforts to transcend the boundaries of metaheuristics by leveraging the strength of complementary methods to overcome base algorithm shortcomings. Despite the significance and frontier position of hybrid metaheuristics, to the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic research and survey in this field with a particular focus on strategies to hybridize traditional metaheuristics. This study's core contribution is to infer a framework for hybridization strategies by conducting a mapping study that analyses 71 papers between 2008 and 2020. Moreover, it provides a panoramic view of hybrid methods and their experiment setting in respect to the problem domain as the main outcome of this mapping study. Finally, research trends, directions and challenges are discussed to benefit future endeavours.


In this article, we follow the trajectory of a photon in the human cornea. Prior to experimental evidence of the cornea's gradient refractive index (GRIN) nature, schematic eye models used a constant or average as the corneal refractive index. A few recent models respect the intra-corneal GRIN, but are based on the paraxial approximation, and thereby have limited validity in peripheral visual field analysis and non-paraxial photon tracking. Here, we introduce the Trajectron algorithm. It uses a closed form solution of the ray equation of constant axial GRIN media, and evaluates over piece-wise constant GRIN. Using Trajectron, we present the first quantitative demonstration of non-paraxial intra-corneal light-bending phenomena. This demonstration has significant implications in the development of refractive surgery algorithms.


The article discusses the criminological aspects of combating corruption in Russia today. It was determined that corruption in the eyes of the man in the street is seen only as bribery and the use of state status. However, corruption in their scientific understanding covers a significant number of offenses, many of which are not criminalized by Russian legislators in any way, such as: corruption lobbying and favoritism, illegal support and financing of political organizations (parties, etc.), Nepotism (post distribution relatives or friends outside the professional requirements), the commission of acts of corruption abroad and others. The author underlines that fighting corruption should be carried out in the private sector. The author also states the necessary of an offensive against organized crime as a social basis of corruption. The author proves that a special role in the fight against corruption should belong to the court. The author emphasizes the necessary of ratification of the Article 20 of the UN Convention against Corruption.


Objective: The present study aims to find out the effects of exam stress, which exists in every moment of education life, on visual and auditory reaction time (VRT, ART), cortisol level and stress perception.
Material and methods: A total of 66 students (36 males, 30 females) were included in the study. VRT and ART measurements were carried out with reaction timer by asking the participants to use their dominant hands. Reaction times were recorded on two occasions, namely 30 days before the committee exam (relaxed period) and, again, on the day of exam (stressed period). Additionally, students provided salivary samples and filled in State Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I) on both occasions.
Results: Median values of cortisol, STAI-I, VRT and ART scores of male and female students were higher during stress period than that of the relaxed period (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a positive weak correlation between cortisol level and STAI-I scores of students in exam period (male: r=0.317, p<0.05; female: r=0.253, p<0.05). Moreover, cortisol levels were positively correlated with VRT (male: r=0.155, p<0.05; female: r=0.227, p<0.05) and ART (male: r=0.159, p<0.05; female: r=0.163, p<0.05) scores both male and female students.
Conclusion: The results show that stress increase was found to increase cortisol level and STAI-I scores. Increased cortisol level was associated with longer reaction times as measured by VRT and ART.


This study develops a novel graphene oxide (GO) coated polyethylene (PE) fiber which can be used to fabricate Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC). PE fiber can be covered by the GO due to the different thermal expansion behavior. This layer of GO coating would increase the fiber surface wettability and roughness, and also chemically improves the functionality and reactivity of PE fiber. Therefore, the interfacial bond between fiber and matrix can be improved. Since the bond between pristine PE fiber and cementitious matrix is usually too weak, theoretically the tensile performance of PE-SHCC after GO coating on the PE fiber (GO/PE-SHCC) can be improved if the fiber/matrix bond is strengthened. From the experimental results, it indicates that the tensile strain capacity of SHCC using 2 vol.% GO/PE fiber can be improved by 96.62 % (from 3.5% to 6.4%), compared to pristine PE-SHCC. The enhanced interfacial bond between fiber and matrix after GO coating is also confirmed by conducting the single fiber pullout test, which indicates that the peak pullout load can be improved by 45.16% (from 0.62N to 0.90N). These single fiber pullout results are further input into a micromechanical based model to generate the single crack fiber bridging law, and the potential of multiple cracking and robustness of strainhardening behavior is then evaluated by the model, which predicts GO/PE-SHCC should have better performance than pristine PE-SHCC. In conclusion, the research outcomes provide an effective strategy to strengthen the interfacial bond between PE fiber and matrix through GO coating, leading to the development of a novel SHCC with the strain up to 6 %.


By making use of the concept of basic (or q-) calculus, many subclasses of analytic and symmetric q-starlike functions have been defined and studied from different viewpoints and perspectives. In this article, we introduce a new class of meromorphic multivalent close-to-convex functions with the help of a q-differential operator. Furthermore, we investigate some useful properties such as sufficiency criteria, coefficient estimates, distortion theorem, growth theorem, radius of starlikeness, and radius of convexity for this new subclass.


Examine school children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) during 2015 to 2017 in China, and study their associations with children's weight status and relevant gender differences.


We present a numerical scheme to calculate the stationary structure of and the meridional flow in self-gravitating pseudo-barotropic toroids. We have applied this scheme to compute simplified models of toroids surrounding a central point mass of 1.4 M ○. . The opacity of matter in the toroids is assumed to be only due to electron scattering, and energy generation processes in the toroids are crudely approximated assuming two types of energy sources: (i) a ringlike source which resembles Cowling's model in the case of (spheroidal) stars, and (ii) a viscous heating source which mimics energy generation in accretion disks


Purpose: The texture is an essential feature of the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables and plays a critical role in the acceptance and success of these products by the consumer. However, mechanical injuries cause softening and abrasion in the mulberry fruit tissue during harvesting, difficult to assess. The experiment was conducted to estimate the mulberry fruit texture model by linear measurements for several harvesting conditions. Research method: The mulberry may fall from the highest or middle branches or harvest by hand since three heights, including 0, 1.5, and 3 meters, were considered for both maturity stage, including purple and black stage, for dynamic loading experiments to measure texture in an orchard simulated ambiance. Mulberry fruits were stored at 3 °C for seven days. The abrasion area of mulberry fruit was determined by image analysis. Also, TA-XT PLUS Texture Analyzer (micro stable system, England) was used to perform the compression tests of mulberry fruits. Regression analysis of abrasion area versus practical factors (harvesting method, maturity stage, and storage time) was used to develop several models for assessing the area of fruit abrasion. Findings: The combined effect of hot water for 3 minutes with 3% citric acid resulted in better quality fruits (less mass loss, less degradation of soluble solids, organic acids, and vitamin C), in addition to delaying the development of browning pericarp and pulp until the sixth day of storage. Limitations: No limitations were founded. Originality/Value: These models promisingly and accurately estimate the abrasion area of fruit without applying any inaccurate procedures, e.g., using a caliper in many experimental comparisons.


In her second long novel Sula,Toni Morrison challenges the traditional concept by breaking the black people′s literature tradition of "respect men but despise women"and creates three different American black women-Eve,Sula and Nel by displaying their indomitable spirit of fighting against the oppression of race,sex and class.


The influence of various antigen concentrations upon the in vitro migration of peripheral leucocytes from persons with cellular hypersensitivity to B. abortus Bang is investigated. An inhibition as well as a stimulation of the cell migration can be demonstrated. The dual effect of the antigen upon the migration cultures seems to be dependent upon two factors, first the antigen concentration, and second the sensitivity of the cell donor. High antigen concentrations lead in all cases to inhibition of the cell migration. Low antigen concentrations tend to result in a stimulation of the cell migration if the cells are of a low to moderate degree of sensitivity, while cells of high sensitivity are still inhibited at the low concentrations.


Studying Giovanni Pietro Puricelli's manuscripts, at the Ambrosiana Library, he is shown a significant image of the ecclesiastical erudition of the XVIIth Century in Milan, by the analysis of their works about local religious history (especially about the Humiliates), but also through the letters, that help to show the connections between Puricelli and others scholars.


The present invention includes the step of generating a build path (10) forming the void region (20) to build a layer of a three-dimensional object, to form a 3-dimensional objects using extrusion-based layered deposition system a method of (22). The method comprises the steps of generating at least one intermediate path (50) in the gap region (20), and at least one intermediate path (50) and generating a based at least in part on the residual path (21) further including. .FIELD 1


The Brassica napus cultivar, Bronowski, has a low glucosinolate content in the seed and thus has considerable potential as a parent stock for the production of low glucosinolate rapeseed. I t also differs from other B. napus cultivars in fat ty acid composition, but the meal amino acid analysis is similar to that of the standard cultivar, Target. The physical and chemical properties of the Bronowski seed storage proteins are similar to those from Target. While the results permit no definite conclusions about the origin of Bronowski, they show that a cross between i t and Target does not change greatly the amino acid composit ion of meal or the protein composition in the progeny. Crosses between Bronowski and other B. napus cultivars have produced progeny with a glucosinolate content lower than Target and an improved agronomic performance.


A strong sound field produced in an air-filled tube generates steady pressure distribution, acoustic streaming and thermoacoustic effect as nonlinear phenomena of the finite-amplitude oscillation of air column in the tube. One of the applications of these phenomena is the promotion of heat convection in an air-filled duct, When a sound field is superimposed on a Taylor-Benard convection generated in a horizontal duct, coupling of acoustic streaming and thermoacoustic effect with the convection is experimentally observed as the change in structure of the convection field, and it promotes heat transfer. This paper describes a quantitative analysis of the coupling phenomena using a numerical method. The calculated results show the variations of velocity, acoustic Reynolds stress and temperature distributions in the Stokes layer with different values of temperature difference between the upper and lower walls of the duct. With these results, the effects of coupling of acoustic streaming and thermoacoustic effect with convection are discussed.


We recently designed, built and commissioned a new pinhole / filter assembly for the equatorial hard x-ray imager (eHXI) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In this paper we describe the design and metrology of the new diagnostic as well as the spectral and spatial response of the hard x-ray detector. The new eHXI assembly has improved the photon collection efficiency along with spectral and spatial resolution by making use of 1D imaging channels and various hard x-ray filters. In addition we added a Ross pair filter set for Au K-alpha emission (67-69 keV). The new eHXI design will improve our understanding of the sourcing of hot electrons, generated in laser-plasma-instabilities, along the vertical hohlraum axis. This information is an important input for simulating and eventually limiting the DT fuel preheat in ICF implosions.


With every device getting smaller every year, we are left to wonder whether or not there is such a thing as too small for a functioning device that society deems as acceptable in terms of speed and efficiency. We tested the design and overall performance of the Raspberry Pi 3 processor, testing the amount of electricity that the device was using versus other devices, running multiple different programs to test which device would perform smoother/faster, looking at the architectural design of the processor to see the advantages that the Raspberry Pi 3 had to offer versus other leading processors, and lastly cross compared them based on price. Even 25,000 square foot server farms with 8,000 servers are designed to use less power as the 2 Megawatts that can be consumed can make up 25% of the cost of the upkeep for such a facility [8]. But, with phones, laptops, and the Raspberry Pi, where power consumption can cost as little as a few cents a day, another factor comes into play. Many devices are designed to work on a battery. It is especially important for a battery powered device to use as little power as possible while still maintaining the ability to do work. In the Raspberry Pi's case it was not designed to run off of a battery, though you can very easily, but rather it is designed to use little power because that was a market with much demand and not a lot of products.


Surface-cleaning using 100% ozone beams or atomic oxygen beams has been applied for the fabrication of high quality [110]- and (100)-axis oriented YBCO epitaxial films. The treatment recovers metallic surfaces in spite of the semiconducting properties of the as-received surfaces. High quality [110]- and (100)-oriented films with high T/sub c/ and high orientation were deposited by temperature-gradient self-template method. On both kinds of film clear photoelectron Fermi edges, evidence of a metallic feature, were observed at room temperature. For the [110] films, well-defined photoelectron Fermi edges are observed for the first time, For the (100) surface, the rather high electron density of states Fermi edge is as high as about 15% of Cu 3d signal in valence band, On the other hand, the edge-height of the [110] surface was less than 5% of the Cu 3d and it was reduced as a function of time. Detailed electronic structures and the origin of the difference of the surface-stabilities is discussed.


People-to-people (P2P) lending, a specialized consumer-to-consumer e-commerce model, facilitates borrowing and lending between individuals in on-line marketplaces. On-line market exchanges are usually characterized by uncertainty and risk. Since trust-building mechanisms and establishing trust can reduce the uncertainty arising from information asymmetries in exchange transactions, trust-building mechanisms are crucial to the prosperity of on-line marketplaces. Based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), which explains attitudinal change, trust-building mechanisms for P2P lending marketplaces are investigated empirically and tested. The study uses data collected from Prosper, the largest U. S. P2P lending marketplace. The results support the importance of the central route (economic status) as the major driver for bidding behavior and of peripheral cues (social capital and listing quality) as trust-building mechanisms that influence trust behavior. These findings will help on-line marketplace providers to build successful P2P lending marketplaces.


In this work, we derive general formulae for the instantaneous frequency (IF) and instantaneous bandwidth (IB) according to matching pursuit (MP) signal decomposition, irrespective of the kind of dictionary used. We show that via MP decomposition, the IF is now exactly the weighted average IF of the decomposed signal and that it is also always real-valued. In addition, the IB is always positive for all dictionaries with Gaussian envelopes and arbitrary polynomial phase


For the radius of droplets indetonation fiield is non-uniform,an Euler-Lagrange model of gas-droplets two phase detonation was established,in which the gas and liquid equations were respectively calculated by CE/SE method and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.The distribution of droplets and effects of the distribution were obtained.The effects of fill speed,ignition energy,droplets diameter,single droplet size model and Rosin-Rammler distribution model on DDT(Deflagration to Detonation Transition) were analysed.Numerical results show that decreasing the droplets diameter,increasing the fill speed when the ignition energy is strong enough,and well mixing the air-gasoline can all shorten the distance and time of DDT.The resulsts have an important refrence value to design of pulse detonation engine.


The ecological environment is the material basis on which people live. Monitoring the process of urbanization is very necessary for the ecological environment. Using remote sensing technology to objectively, timely and accurately monitor environmental changes has become a current research hotspot. According selects 2013 to 2017 Yibin Basin landsat 8 satellite remote sensing images to extract four evaluation indicators of greenness, humidity, heat, and dryness, and calculates the Yibin city Basin Ecological Index (RSEI) by principal component analysis. The results of the study found that: 1) The ecological index in 2013 to 2017 were 0.757 and 0.762, respectively, and the overall ecological situation showed a slight improvement trend; 2) The area with better ecological grade accounted for 14.13%, and the area with worse ecological grade only accounted for 5.23%, of which the areas with degraded ecological levels are mainly concentrated in Lingang District, Nanxi District, and Jiang'an County; 3) Research shows that the dryness index has the greatest impact on the environment, and the humidity index has the least impact on the environment. In summary, the overall ecological environment quality of the study area has improved, indicating that the area has strengthened environmental protection in the continuous social and economic construction, whichas gradually improved the ecological conditions of the Yibin city Basin.


To the Editor: Regulation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production is complex [1]. Our experience of persistent HbF elevation during a 7-year follow up in a child with homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) who underwent chemotherapy for Wilms tumor (WT) adds to the complexity of the regulatory mechanisms in HbF production. An 8-year-old African–American female homozygous SCD patient with metastatic WT was treated with vincristine, doxorubicin, and actinomycin D. After 6 months of therapy, she underwent nephrectomy; histology showed focal anaplasia. Interim, she developed a metastatic right liver lobe nodular lesion. She then received radiation to abdomen and lungs followed by ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy. The treatment was completed in 26 months and her creatinine level remained normal. She did not require hospitalization for SCD complications and has had baseline hemoglobin of 9–10 g/dl. At the age of 3, her HbF was 17.6%. Her parents do not have elevated HbF levels ruling out hereditary persistence of HbF. Six months following treatment, her HbF was 33% along with increased red blood cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Despite MCV and MCH remaining stable, HbF trended down to 20.8% (Fig. 1). This may be secondary to agerelated increase in average MCV and MCH levels in children irrespective of the HbF. F cells shown by flow cytometry were 95 and 82% at 6 months and 6 years after the completion of chemotherapy, respectively. Following chemotherapy, persistently high MCV has been reported in long-term follow up; however, HbF values have not been reported [2]. The relation between HbF and F cells in our case was within expected age-related distribution in SCD patients [3]. Elevation of HbF and MCV in this case is reminiscent of stress erythropoiesis. However, increased HbF persistence has been far long-lived in the absence of chemotherapy in contrast to the dependence of HbF elevation on the continuous administration of hydroxyurea in SCD. In addition to alterations in chromatin structure or kinetics of erythroid differentiation, alternative mechanisms have been identified in HbF induction [4,5]. Increased HbF is seen in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, which is associated with acquired mutations in the Ras/MAPK pathway. Stem cell factor induces adult erythroid growth and HbF production through Ras/MAPK pathway [6]. Elevated EPO is unlikely, since increases of EPO levels are transient following nephrectomy in kidney donors [7]. Hemoglobin levels were stable in our case. The current case is unique in the prolonged elevation of HbF. Persistent chemotherapy-related bone marrow microenvironment and cytokine milieu alterations may be an explanation. Emergence of an altered stem cell population secondary to acquired genetic or epigenetic changes resulting in a stress erythropoiesislike reaction might also be possible. In conclusion, prospective evaluation of similar cases may add to our knowledge of the regulation of HbF production.


In this thesis, the aim was to create a methodology, composed of a set of economic, social and environmental indicators, in order to compare mixed and specialized farming system and to test the methodology in two case studies in the Netherlands and in France. The analysis relies on two farm typologies based on the concepts of representative and typical farms. Accordingly, the two-scale methodology uses the farm accountancy data network (FADN) to compare farming systems over large areas and agri-environmental data collected on-farm to design innovative farming systems. The results are a first step towards understanding up scaling procedure of innovative mixed farming systems at district level. While the municipality of Winterswijk shows a higher potential to develop between-farm mixing, the Riberacois however presents better possibilities to develop diversified on-farm mixing. Very heterogeneous areas of Europe render difficult to set up a harmonized methodology. The data heterogeneity of case studies and the importance to make good use of existing information and specificities of each case study prevails on harmonizing the set of indicators. The scientific soundness and efficacy of the methodology is empirically verified but further study is needed to validate all indicators. Additionally, a selection of a primary set of information that is required by all work packages and all case studies is necessary to have a common basis for work.


The valve is controlled relates to the field of pipeline valve production and can be used in emergency shutdown systems, fuel channels, for example in localizing safety systems of nuclear reactors. Providing valve function in various modes emergency development achieved by the fact that the trigger is configured as two parallel pulsed systems 5 and 6 indirect action, one of which includes an actuating valve 10 and control solenoid valve 11, and another - of the valve 12 and the control solenoid valve 13, the system outputs 5 and 6 are connected with solenoid valves 7 and 8 are provided with rudder device 9. (f 1. f-ly, Fig 1).


Abstract The aim of study was to find the correlation between the concentration of the total amount of heavy metals of soils and that of plants because it shows which elements can be accumulated by different plants. The transfer coefficient is the metal concentration in plant tissues aboveground divided by the total metal concentration of soil. Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. The total lead (Pb) content (about 21 mg · kg−1 soil) of soils was higher than the cadmium (Cd) content (about 0.21 mg · kg−1 soil). The Cd concentration of lettuce (averaging 0.93 mg · kg−1) was higher than that of ryegrass (averaging 0.20 mg · kg−1). The transfer coefficient of Cd was lower in ryegrass (averaging 0.95) than in lettuce (4.47). In this experiment, the concentration of Cd was almost five times higher in the four‐leaf lettuce than the Cd content of soil. The transfer coefficient of Pb was generally 0.064 in both plants.


For many years, dissolved gas analysis (DGA) has been considered worldwide as the most important technique for evaluating the state of health of oil-filled power transformers. Based on regular analysis and trending of the dissolved gases extracted from insulating oil samples, an assessment can be made whether internal transformer abnormalities are present and how critical these abnormalities are [1], [2].


ABSTRACT Pollination by insects is critical for the production of many crops worldwide. Crop cultivars vary in a number of traits, but their differing pollination requirements are often overlooked. Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is reliant on pollen movement between male and female plants, but there has been disagreement in the literature about what its pollination requirements are. Additionally, there is little information about how time-of-day might affect fruit and seed set, and how this may alter the efficacy of pollination management strategies. In this study, we compare the pollination requirements of A. chinensis var. deliciosa 'Hayward' (a hexaploid green-fleshed variety) and A. chinensis var. chinensis 'Zesy002' (a tetraploid gold-fleshed variety). We find that 'Zesy002' requires fewer pollen grains than 'Hayward' for full seed set. Kiwifruit appears to be equally able to set fruit at any time of the day, meaning that insects which forage outside the peak hours of 0900–1500 h may play an important supporting role in fruit production, and that artificial pollination could profitably be applied into the evening hours rather than being limited to the period of peak pollinator activity.


This paper considers approximating unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on a plane swept wing in the time domain. Time responses of the aerodynamic forces caused by a step movement of a wing in incompressible flow are calculated by using the time domain vortex element method. It was found that transient characteristics of the step responses associated with a certain generalized aerodynamic force can be represented by one decreasing function regardless of wing motions. By approximating each decreasing function with a set of exponential functions and by calculating apparent mass coefficients and steady state forces, a mathematical model for the aerodynamic forces in the form of 1st-order linear time-invariant differential equations (the state equations) is obtained. The accuracy and the applicability of the method have been confirmed through the comparison between the approximated aerodynamic forces and the unsteady forces calculated directly in the time domain or measured experimentally.


: The objective of this study to find out whether or not there was any significant difference on vocabulary mastery between students who were taught by using Word Square technique and those who were not. This study used quasi experimental design. The population of this study was the eighth-grade students of SMP Methodist 1 Palembang. The researchers used purposive sampling. There were 43 students as the sample. Each class consisted of students from VIII.A and 22 students from VIII.B. The researcher used paired sample t-test to compare the pretest and posttest result in experimental and control group. The result revealed that the significance (2-tailed) was 0.000, which is lower than alpha value 0.05, then t-obtained value = 5.340 was higher than t-table 2.086. In conclusion, the use of Word Square technique was effective to improve students' vocabulary mastery at the eighth-grade students of SMP Methodist 1 Palembang. The data was analyzed by using independent sample t-test. The result showed that t-obtained 3.121 was higher than t-table 2.020 with degree of freedom (df=41) and the significant 2-tailed was 0.003. Therefore, there was a significant difference on vocabulary mastery between the students who were taught by using Word Square technique and those who were not.


This article describes how Muslims deal with fatwa through examining the extent to which Muslims in Ternate (North Maluku) respond to MUI' fatwa concerning the application of ibadah (worship) during the Covid-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. In order to control and prevent the infection of the virus widely, people are required to stay at home and to keep their distance from crowds, including attending congregational worship (shalat jamaah) in mosques as issued in the MUI's fatwa. The fieldwork was conducted in Ternate between March-May 2021, using qualitative research methods through participatory observation and interview. This article shows that the obedience of Muslim society in Ternate to the MUI's fatwa is not only determined by aspects of the religious authority of the MUI, but also by local government, local religious leaders, and pragmatic considerations of the society as well as their perception about the dangerous impact of the Covid-19.


This paper addresses some issues related to relationship between lithospheric thermal regime and depth extent of seismicity. Thickness of seismogenic crustal layer correlates with surface heat flow in most intraplate seismic areas of the world. Although inverse relationship between heat flow and the base of seismogenic zone is obvious, quantitative relationships are less certain. Compilation of previous studies shows that temperatures at the base of seismogenic zone appear to be distributed from about 250°C to 450°C over a large depth interval, 5-30 km, at different tectonic settings. It supports that temperature is one of factors governing the focal depth. Variations in lithology, slip rate, pore pressure, and focal mechanism may account for the temperature difference. Geothermal gradient data and bottom depth of magnetized layers are also useful proxy to reveal the base of seismogenic zone. These multidisciplinary data may provide a useful indicator of lithospheric thermal structure and improve the correlation with depth limit of seismicity.


Pre-marital sex is any sexual activities (penetrative vaginal or anal sexual intercourse) with an opposite sex partners or a same sex before he/she has started a marriage life [1]. Most age groups that started pre-marital sex are adolescent and young people. There are 1.2 billion adolescents and 1.7 billion young people in the world today of which 85% of them live in developing countries. Adolescent age is a time to experiment with sexual practice [2]. Premarital sex and unprotected sexual practices are major threat to the health and survival of millions of adolescents each year one in 20 adolescents contracts on STIs including HIV/AIDS [3].


Introduction and Overview, Susan J. Paik, University of San Francisco. Part I: Educational Productivity and Achievement. Using an Educational Productivity Model to Construct Process Models for Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes Among Ethnic Minorities, John Thomas, College of Lake County, Illinois. The Intended and Unintended Consequences of High School Graduation Requirement Policy, Peter Teitelbaum, New York University. Part II: Forms of Social Capital. African American Students' Educational Outcomes: The Role of School Relationships, George L. Wimberly, ACT. The Impact of Parent Involvement and Authoritativeness on Academic Achievement: A Cross-Ethnic Comparison, Eunai Park, Ball State University and Gregory Palardy, University of Georgia. The Job Acquisition Process: Social Structure, Undergraduate Resources, and College-to-Work Transitions, Cory Heyman, American Institutes for Research. Part III: Analytic and Measurement Innovation. Application of Event History Modeling for Examining College Student Departure Behavior. Terry Ishitani, Indiana State University. Improving Inferences about Student Achievement: A Multidimensional Perspective, Laura Hamilton, RAND Education. Part IV: International Perspectives on Educational Productivity. A Cross-National Analysis of Student Victimization: School System Effects on School Violence, Motoko Akiba, University of Missouri, Columbia. Toward an Understanding of Hong Kong and United States Students' Mathematics Achievement, Debbie Baofeng Wang, Wellington Consulting Group, Inc. About the Authors.


In this position paper, we discuss deploying immersive visualization in large lectures (IVLL). We take the position that IVLL has great potential to benefit students and that, thanks to the current advances in computer hardware and software, IVLL implementation is now possible. We argue that IVLL is best done using mixed reality (MR) headsets, which, compared to virtual reality (VR) headsets, have the advantages of allowing students to see important elements of the real world and avoiding cybersickness. We argue that immersive visualization can be beneficial at any point on the student engagement continuum. We argue that immersive visualization allows reconfiguring large lectures dynamically, partitioning the class with great flexibility in groups of students of various sizes, or accommodating 3D visualizations of monumental size. We inventory the challenges that have to be overcome to implement IVLL, and we argue that they currently have acceptable solutions, opening the door to developing a first IVLL system


The signal output power in a fiber amplifier has been limited to date by the available pump power.1,2 We consider here the limits on signal output power when arbitrarily large pump power is available.


Abstract The paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2019 in which 29 rainfall water samples were collected and analyzed. The concentration of insoluble particles in rainwater was determined, and analysis of the material composition was performed by scanning electron microscopy. The content of Al, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, As, Sr, Cd, Mo, Ba, Be, V, and Pb was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on a quadrupole spectrometer Agilent7500a at the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of RAS. The highest concentrations of insoluble particles (6.5–12.2 mg/L) with the domination of the anthropogenic components in the rainwater were revealed in the samples of the summer-autumn period, while the lowest ones (1.1–3.9 mg/L), with a predominance of biogenic and mineral components were detected in the spring period. A group of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Ni) of anthropogenic origin was identified by calculating the enrichment factor (EF).


Abstract An asymptotic solution of the magnetic induction equation in a given velocity field is constructed for large magnetic Reynolds numbers. Initially localized distributions of the magnetic field are considered. The leading term of the asymptotics is found. The expansions are proved to be rigorously valid over a finite time interval. Estimates for the residuals are given. The results are illustrated by some examples: the Hubble flow with a linear dependence of the velocity on coordinates, and ABC type flows. The solutions in these cases are expressed in terms of elementary functions.


This is an image of the opening night of the Wreck and Ruin exhibtion at Falmouth Art Gallery.
I had two of my photographs exhibted at the show.


: Transaction fraud imposes serious threats to e-commerce shopping. As the online transaction is becoming more well known the types of online transaction frauds associated with this are likewise rising which affects the money related industry. This fraud detection system has the ability to restrict and hinder the transaction performed by the attacker from a genuine user's credit card details. To overcome these problems, this system here is developed for the transactions higher than the customer's current transaction limit. During registration, we take the required data which is efficient to detect fraudulent user action. The details of items purchased by any Individual transaction are generally not known to any Fraud Detection System (FDS) running at the bank that issues credit cards to the cardholders. BLA (Behavior and Location Analysis) is implemented for addressing this problem. A FDS runs at a credit card giving bank. Each approaching transaction is submitted to the FDS for verification. FDS receives the card details and transaction value to verify, whether the transaction is genuine or not. The types of products that are purchased in that transaction are not known to the FDS. The bank declines the transaction if FDS affirms the transaction to be a fraud. User spending patterns and geographical area is used to verify the identity. In the event that any surprising pattern is detected, the system requires re-verification. Based on previous information of that user, the system recognizes uncommon patterns in the payment procedure. After 3 invalid attempts, the system will hinder the user.


The purpose of this study was to study the role of the brand community in the design and development of a new product (case study: cosmetics). The statistical society is the customers of Arian Kimia Tak Co. one of the successful companies in cosmetics industry in Iran. A questionnaire was used to collect data and 384 questionnaires were distributed among the customers of Arian Kimia Tak Co. and the required data were collected. In order to determine the sample size, the simplest method, Cochran formula, was used when the size of the community was unclear; the sample size was 384. The results of the data analysis show that there is a significant relationship among the identity of the brand community, the commitment to the brand community, attachment to the brand community and the similarity of the brand community with the design and development of a new product


This experiment used five varieties maize materials and set nine density gradients in order to analyze the density-tolerance among different varieties of maize through measuring single plant production and rind penetration strength in different treatments.The result showed that single plant production with the row-spacing larger came on the gradual change in the law of quadratic curve,and the goodness of fit were up of an average of 0.9324.High-density production of plant productivity that was possible within the ambit of the spacing in the rows was the dry weight of ear per plant.Both could be quantitative to distinguish the density-tolerance of different maize.Although the single plant production was common on the high side under multidimensional treatments,the variation trend kept consistent with densities change,which could also test the density-tolerance exactly.The rind penetration strength of the third joint in every variety declined gradually with density increases.Screening test results showed that Chaoshi1hao and Zhengdan958 were superior than Zhongdan808 and Jingke518;Zhongshi839 was in the middle of them.


Methane (CH4), the major constituent of natural gas and biogas, is an abundant source to obtain value-added hydrocarbons. The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a direct catalytic route to convert CH4 towards C2 hydrocarbons, ethane (C2H6) and ethylene (C2H4). Using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a strategy to overcome some challenges of fixed-bed catalytic reactors. In this context, we have studied the La0.5Ce0.5O1.75 (LCO) oxide as a catalytic layer in a SOFC for methane conversion to C2. The activity test was carried out at different O2-/CH4 ratios, varying the anode gas composition, and applied currents.


In the era of IoT, embedded systems are becoming the cornerstone of many IoT related applications, such as smart cars and wearable devices. However, embedded devices have numerous constraints and requirements, including stringent area and power, reduced cost and time-to-market, and increased speedup. Furthermore, these applications are becoming increasingly compute/data-intensive requiring more processing power. Also, especially for IoT related applications, security is another major issue in resource-constrained embedded devices. Although cryptographic algorithms are widely used to ensure the security of these applications, commonly used ones, such as AES, are unsuitable for highly constrained embedded devices, due to their sheer complexity. Hence, several lightweight cryptographic algorithms were proposed in the literature that might be better suited for embedded devices. From these, SPECK and SIMON, introduced by NSA, are the two most popular ones. Another important challenge is how to incorporate the cryptographic algorithms in to embedded devices, efficiently and effectively, without compromising the integrity of the compute/data-intensive applications running on these small-footprint devices. Our previous analysis demonstrated that FPGAs are currently the best avenue to support compute/data-intensive applications running on resource-constrained embedded devices, due to FPGA's many attractive traits, including, post-fabrication reprogrammability, dynamic and partial reconfiguration capabilities, and reduced time-to-market. Also, FPGAs can be utilized to provide several advantages/features required for the embedded device's security, such as cryptographic algorithm agility, algorithm upload, algorithm modification, and resource efficiency. In this research work, we introduce novel, unique, and efficient dynamic and partial reconfigurable hardware architectures for the most popular SPECK and SIMON algorithms on embedded devices, considering the constraints associated with these devices and the requirements of the applications running on embedded devices. We also introduce unique system-level architectures for our proposed designs. To the best of our knowledge, no similar work exists in the literature that provides dynamic and partial reconfigurable hardware for SPECK and SIMON, and also provides system-level architecture. Our dynamic and partial reconfigurable hardware designs achieve 28% space saving compared to its static reconfigurable hardware, and 59 times speedup compared to its software counterpart.


Most historians of science, sociologists of science, philosophers of science, and science educators now accept that there is no such thing as 'the scientific method'. We explore the implications of this view of the nature of science for biology education. Accepting that there is no single way of investigating and describing the world scientifically presents both challenges and opportunities, especially when teaching biology. We illustrate these opportunities by suggesting fresh approaches to the teaching of drawing in biology, the teaching of classification, and the teaching of human biology. Our conclusions are provisional and we hope to stimulate debate and encourage new ways of thinking about the teaching of biology.


Financing refers to a process that is done for financing and funds of company activities and creating and launching development and income-generating projects of economic units. Given the pace of innovation in financial industry of world, we witness the emergence of new financial instruments and new techniques in analysis of new findings in the field of financial theories. In this context, Islamic countries have considered a new technique called Islamic financing (sukuk) that are fully compatible with Sharia law. Since small and medium enterprises in developing countries are playing key roles, this research tries to study the possibility of Islamic financing with an emphasis on Rent Sukuk of industrial small and medium enterprises in order to supply liquidity and develop plans of firms. The statistical population of this study includes industrial small and medium enterprises that are selected using case sampling of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province and data collection method of this study is questionnaire. The results obtained in this study show that it is possible to use Rent Sukuk in industrial small and medium enterprises on development projects but it is not possible to use tools for liquidity supply.