Objective To evaluate the effect of fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer on the measurement of the antithrombin activity (AT:A) level in plasma by chromogenic substrate mothed. Methods Samples were taken from normal subjects (normal group, n =31) and patients with high concentration of FDP and D-dimer in plasma (abnormal groups, n =85). AT:A was assayed by the the synthetic chromogenic substrate method., AT:Ag was performed by turbidimetric measure, FDP and D-dimer were detected by ELISA method. Except that, we mixed normal plasma and abnormal plasma with high FDP and D\|dimer level in five different ratios (1∶2,1∶1,2∶1,4∶1,8∶1) and measured their AT:A, AT:Ag, FDP, D-dimer levels. Results Except for hepatocirrhosis group,there was no significant difference between the abnormal groups and the normal group in the AT:A level ( P 0.05), but in the AT:Ag level, the former was significantly lower than the later. Conclusions For the plasma of high FDP and D-dimer level we recommend to determine AT:A and AT:Ag at the same time.


This paper introduces a multivariate tail covariance (MTCov) measure, which is a matrix-valued risk measure designed to explore the tail dispersion of multivariate loss distributions. The MTCov is the second multivariate tail conditional moment around the MTCE, the multivariate tail conditional expectation (MTCE) risk measure. Although MTCE was recently introduced in Landsman et al. (2016a), in this paper we essentially generalize it, allowing for quantile levels to obtain the different values corresponded to each risk. The MTCov measure, which is also defined for the set of different quantile levels, allows us to investigate more deeply the tail of multivariate distributions, since it focuses on the variance–covariance dependence structure of a system of dependent risks. As a natural extension, we also introduced the multivariate tail correlation matrix (MTCorr). The properties of this risk measure are explored and its explicit closed-form expression is derived for the elliptical family of distributions. As a special case, we consider the normal, Student-t and Laplace distributions, prevalent in actuarial science and finance. The results are illustrated numerically with data of some stock returns.


1. A compound having a structure according to Formula I !! wherein R1 represents hydrogen, alkyl, branched alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, benzyl, napthyl, cycloalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle, when R1 is not hydrogen, it may be optionally substituted with H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, -CF3, -R2, -OR2, -SR2, -N (R2) 2, -CN, -NO2, -NC (O) R2, -C (O) R2, -C (O) N (R2) 2, -S (O) 2R2, -S (O) 2NR2, -S (O) R2, -C (O) R2, -C (O) OR2, or -C (O) N (R2) 2, wherein each R2 independently It represents H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle, protecting group or prodrug moiety; ! L is [CH2] 2-6, -CH2- (C = O) -CH2- or; ! X represents S, SO2, O, or NH; ! Y represents or; ! Is the Z,,,,, or! each optionally substituted with H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, or -CF3; ! T represents O, S or NR1; ! n is 2 or 3; ! wherein each R1 is independent and may be the same as each other or preferably different. ! 2. The compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of! ,,! ,,! ,,! ,,! ,,! ,! and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates. ! 3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula! ! wherein R1 represents hydrogen, alkyl, branched alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, benzyl, napthyl, cycloalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle, when R1 is not hydrogen, it may be optionally substituted with H, OH, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, -CF3, -R2, -OR2, -SR2, -N (R2) 2, -CN, -NO2, -NC (O) R2, -C (O) R2, -C (O) N (R2) 2, -S (O) 2R2, -S (O) 2NR2, -S (O) R2, -C (O) R2, -C (O) OR2, or -C (O) N (R2) 2, wherein each R2 independently It represents H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocycle, protecting group or prodrug moiety; ! L is [CH2] 2-6, -CH2- (C = O) -CH2-, or; ! X represents S, SO2, O


This study aims the comprehension of the beliefs, attitudes and motivation from blood donors and non donors. We have used a structured survey with closed questions based on beliefs and attitudes of donors and non donors, and an open question type survey to evaluate donors' main motivations to blood donation. Data analysis showed that solidarity was the most important factor to promote blood donations and fear was the most significant aspect to justify non-donors reactions. Results presented can help futures blood donations campaigns and to may also be used to attract new blood donors.


This paper discusses and analyses a compliant centrifugal clutch with different materials. Compliant centrifugal clutch specimens required for investigation are prepared by an injection moulding process. Experiments are conducted based on the experiments designed as per Taguchi's Design of Experiment (DoE); an L27 Orthogonal Array (OA) is formulated and a multi-response optimisation approach Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is adopted for optimising torque carrying capacity, wear rate and, contact temperature. Experiments are conducted for three different polymer materials viz., polypropylene (PP), Delrin (DE) and polyurethane (PU) with three different profiles, circular (CR), elliptical (EL) and square fillet (SF), along with varying rotating speeds. The outcome shows that by changing the clutch material and flexure profiles, a substantial variation in torque carrying capacity, wear rate and contact temperature is observed.


Predicting whether patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) require supplemental oxygen during air travel is difficult. Hypoxic challenge testing (HCT) is recommended to determine the need for in-flight oxygen but is only available in specialised centres. We previously identified a formula combining resting PaO2 and the composite physiological index (CPI) [(1.1 x PaO2 on air) - (0.07 x CPI), Lota et al, ERJ, 2012 40: P690] with a score of >9 predictive of fitness-to-fly. Our objective was to validate this formula in 134 patients who underwent HCT between 2016-2017. HCT was performed by inhalation of a gas mixture containing an FiO2 of 0.15 for 20 minutes. Patients were defined as fit-to-fly if SpO2>85% and/or PaO2>6.6kPa (BTS, 2011). In the study cohort, mean (±SD) age was 63±12.6 years, 52% female, 33% had a history of smoking and 30% had a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The mean TLCO, KCO, FEV1 and FVC was 33.9±12.8%, 65.8±16.9%, 66.9±19.6% and 68.3±18.9%, respectively. Mean CPI was 55.5±12.5. 51/134 patients (38%) were deemed fit-to-fly according to BTS guidelines. A predictive score >9 was observed in 16/134 patients (12%). Of these, all were fit-to-fly on HCT when SpO2>85% was used as the indicator, with only 2/16 having a borderline PaO2 just below 6.6kPa. The negative predictive value of the score was 87%. This patient cohort was characterised by severe ILD. Although our formula identified a relatively small proportion of patients, it was highly specific in predicting fitness to fly, and may be usefully applied to patients with less severe ILD, if confirmed prospectively, to identify which patients to refer on to formal hypoxic challenge testing.


The effect of forest health and structure to the relative surface temperature captured by airborne thermal imagery was investigated in Norway Spruce-dominated stands in Southern Finland. Canopy temperature has long been recognized useful in monitoring vegetation water status. Recent studies have shown also its potential in monitoring vegetation health. The surface temperature was found to be most strongly negatively correlated with the logarithm of stem volume, mean tree height and logarithm of basal area, i.e. taller and older stands had colder surface temperatures. In addition, Airborne Light Detection and Ranging metrics, such as height percentiles and canopy cover percentage, were compared with surface
temperature. Standard deviation of canopy height model, height features (H90, CHM_max) and canopy cover percentage were most strongly negatively correlated with the surface temperature. On average higher temperatures were detected in severely defoliated canopies indicating that thermal images may
provide some additional information for classifying forests health status. However, the surface temperature of defoliated plots varied considerably. We also found that surface temperature differences between canopy and ground responses were lower in defoliated plots. Based on our results, forest health and
structure affect to the surface temperature captured by airborne thermal imagery and these effects should be taken into account when developing forest health mapping applications using thermal imagery.


Abstract "Plant blindness" is affecting humans' relationships with plants, which has negative consequences for both science and conservation. It is, therefore, important to find new ways to promote societal interest in botany and plants. One possibility is encouraging the use of informal settings to promote curiosity and provide education to students. Forest fragments can be regarded as open air labs for teaching botany, especially on university campuses. We aimed to formally document the angiosperm diversity in the Mata dos Saguis (MS), a fragment of Atlantic forest under restoration belonging to the central campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil. We recorded 140 species, 113 genera in 52 families, and 24 orders of angiosperms. The MS has nearly 10% of the species and one third of all the families occurring in the entire state of Rio Grande do Norte, representing the main evolutionary groups of angiosperms, and we also recorded two new species occurrences for the state. Here we provide a checklist of the MS, a location that has been used as an open-air laboratory by many UFRN undergraduate courses in biosciences. We also share examples that can be replicated in other institutions and discuss the process of learning systematic botany in floristically rich countries by means of alternative and hands-on experiences.


401 Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health | Nov-Dec 2016 | Vol 9 | Issue 6 world. Nevertheless, there are also many other rabid animals. The rat is another important dirty problematic animal. It can be the carrier of several infectious diseases and can also cause rabies. Indeed, murine rabies is little mentioned. In this short article, the authors summarize on the epidemiology of the rat bite cases visiting to the physician at a medical center in a 5‐year period (2011–2015). In the period, there are 345 cases of rat bites (275 females and 70 males; 300 adults, 91.3% and 45 children, 8.7%). Most incidences occur at night (276 cases, 80%). Almost all cases got bitten at home (310 cases, 89.6%). All cases saw the rats and the activities during being bitten are various [Table 1]. The bitten sites are at lower extremities (260 cases, 75.4%) followed by upper extremities (70 cases, 20.3%) and face (15 cases; 4.3%). All cases got standard wound care, tetanus, and rabies prevention. Of interest, it can be seen that rat bite can occur elsewhere during any activities including to swimming. The incidence is usually at night, and the limb is the common bitten site, which is concordant with the previous referencing publication by Seijo et al.[3]


Khadi sector is an over-regulated one in India, where the entire production process, sales, distribution, and marketing is fully regulated by the government. The paper examines the growth of Khadi sector in India and points out how the over regulation of the sector by the government has resulted in the inefficiencies in the sector. This paper posits the need for removing the entry barriers in the sector and making Khadi fabric available in private retail stores, thereby increasing the choices available for production and sale. Here, the spinners and weavers should be allowed to work with private textile designers without the approval of KVIC. [CPPR]


Optical vortex beams have attracted lots of interest due to its potential application in image processing, optical trapping and optical communications, etc. In this work, we theoretically and numerically investigated the propagation properties of hypergeometric Gaussian (HyGG) beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media. Based on the Snyder–Mitchell model, analytical expressions for propagation of the HyGG beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media were obtained. The influence of input power and optical parameters on the evolutions of the beam width and radius of curvature is illustrated, respectively. The results show that the beam width and radius of curvature of the HyGG beams remain invariant, like a soliton when the input power is equal to the critical power. Otherwise, it varies periodically like a breather, which is the result of competition between the beam diffraction and nonlinearity of the medium.


Extensive research has shown that unilateral optimization of transit systems is not effective enough to significantly increase its transport efficiency. Considering that urban land-use characteristics, including residential, work, consumption, transit, and so forth, are significantly interrelated with travel demands and travel behaviors, this paper provides a way to optimize transit system by raising awareness of the relation between ridership and built environment. This paper adopted point of interest (POI) data to investigate the effect of physical built environment on online car-hailing ridership in Chengdu, China. The study area was tessellated with several Voronoi cells; these cells were further clustered into three ridership patterns based on the time-varying characteristic of ridership. Given that some differences existed in the three ridership patterns, a separate spatial ridership model was developed to understand the factors that influence ridership patterns using geographic weighted regression (GWR) analysis. The data and results verified that the built environment had various influences on online car-hailing alighting ridership in spatial and temporal dimensions, of which the significant POI factors for determining the ridership pattern during different periods were detected. Remarkably, this study took the ridership dataset from the online car-hailing transit system, mainly because the pick-up (PU) and drop-off (DO) locations generated by this service are closest to the origin and destination of the trip, except that it is more popular recently. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of built environment on travel based on the online car-hailing dataset can be captured in greater detail, with a higher degree of accuracy.


The growing importance, large scale, and high server density of high-performance computing datacenters make them prone to attacks, misconfigurations, and failures (of the cooling as well as of the computing infrastructure). Such unexpected events often lead to thermal anomalies – hotspots, fugues, and coldspots – which impact the cost of operation of datacenters. A model-based thermal anomaly detection mechanism, which compares expected (obtained using heat-generation and -extraction models) and observed thermal maps (obtained using thermal cameras) of datacenters, is proposed. In addition, a novel Thermal Anomaly-aware Resource Allocation (TARA) is designed to induce a time-varying thermal fingerprint (thermal map) of the datacenter so to maximize the detection accuracy of the anomalies. As shown via experiments on a small-scale testbed as well as via trace-driven simulations, such model-based thermal anomaly detection solution in conjunction with TARA significantly improves the detection probability compared to anomaly detection when scheduling algorithms such as random, round robin, and best-fit-decreasing are employed.


We present the first phase behaviour study of South Australian NAu.1 Nontronite clays (1) exfoliated in water and their orientation response in varying magnetic fields. We also describe a novel route for the grafting of water-soluble thermo-responsive polymers onto the edges of the nanoclay platelets.


Materials and Methods The chemical compositions of EFH were identified using LC-ESI-MS. The mice with 3% DSS-induced UC were administered EFH (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg), sulfasalazine (SASP, 200 mg/kg), and azathioprine (AZA, 13 mg/kg) for 10 days via daily gavage. The colonic inflammation was evaluated by the disease activity index (DAI), colonic length, histological scores, and levels of inflammatory mediators. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. Results LC-ESI-MS analysis showed that EFH was rich in alkaloids and flavones. The results indicated that EFH significantly improved the DAI score, relieved colon shortening, and repaired pathological colonic variations in colitis. In addition, proteins in the NF-κB pathway were significantly inhibited by EFH. Furthermore, EFH recovered the diversity and balance of the gut microbiota. Conclusions EFH has protective effects against DSS-induced colitis by keeping the balance of the gut microbiota and suppressing the NF-κB pathway.


The present work investigates the effect of polyol structure and physical addition of boric acid and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide on the properties of rigid polyurethane foams. The product of hydroxyalkylation of oxamide by ethylene carbonate has been used as a polyol component. The new polyol has been foamed using polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, water, and triethylamine. To decrease the flammability of the foams, boric acid, and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide were used as the additive flame retardants. It has been found, that chemical modification of the foam structure by means of oxamide groups decreases their flammability only to a small extent, whereas physical addition of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide does not influence the flammability. However, the addition of boric acid to the foam composition resulted in a distinct decrease of foam flammability, according to the amount of boric acid added. All the foams, modified and nonmodified by boron, have been categorized into flammability class HF-1, according to the applicable standard. The introduction of flame retardants had its impact on the properties of polyurethane foams obtained, as described in this work. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The conclusion offers a brief analysis of a set of textual and visual annotations that are preserved on a piece of paper pasted into a late sixteenth-century devotional work. The interaction of the owner with the book provides a focus for the book's concluding remarks on the domestication of devotion.


Abstract : The decade of the 1990's is opening for the Gaseous Electronics Conference with precedent setting growth. The technical program comprises 110 oral presentations and 191 poster presentations for a total of 301 papers. The total number of authors are 582. Two timely workshops will be held dealing with: GEC Reference Cell Issues, Comparison Session on High Density Plasma Processing, Other arranged sessions deal with: Particulates in RF Discharges, Cathodes in Discharges: A Review, Electron and Atom Collision Related Phenomena, New and Alternative Applications for Plasma Processing, Ionized Gas Physics in Pulsed Power Applications.


Objective:To get prevalence of hypertension in rural areas of Shanxi province and analyze the risk factors of hypertension,and provide basis for the prevention and control of hypertension.Methods:All subjects were in 18 years old and over 18 years old in Beiguo village of Taigu county.Subjects were monitored the blood pressure and investigated for the height,weight,family history,eating habit,hypertension treatment.Results:The prevalence of hypertension in the local farmers was 26.8%,the awareness rate was 85.2% and the control rate of hypertension was 47.7%.The risk factors of hypertension included family history,age,body mass index and high-salt diet.Conclusion:The prevalence of hypertension in the rural area farmers were high.The condition hadn′t been thought highly.We should popularize hypertension knowledge and check up the farmers periodically,which is the most effective way of preventing hypertension.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of overeducation on wages in the Italian graduate labour market.Design/methodology/approach – The relationship between overeducation and wages is analysed using a double selection approach. Two basic individuals' decisions are explicitly considered in the analysis: the decision to work and the choice of occupation. The first one could create a problem of sample selection bias, whereas the second one could generate an endogeneity bias.Findings – Although in line with previous studies it was found that overeducated workers earn less than their appropriately educated peers, the results suggest also that this pay gap is significantly higher when a double selectivity approach is used than when an OLS approach is employed. The main reason why OLS techniques significantly underestimate the wage penalty associated with overeducation appears to be the bias introduced by the endogeneity of overeducation.Originality/value – Recent studies have examined the im...


In the target damage region of nuclear weapons,ray impulse has large relationship with the terrain,but the existing semi-theoretical and semi-empirical formulas are calculating ray impulse without considering the effect of the terrain,and the results given by these formulas are under the condition of bareness plain.In allusion to above problems,the twi-reflection analysis method is proposed,this method can semi-quantitatively analyzes the ray impulse on the basis of irregular triangulated network.According to the discrete theory,this method uses the grid to sample the terrain data,to compute the ray impulse of the ray reflected by samples on the observed point,and fits out the ray impulse of the target damage region on the foundation of the data of samples.The results of simulation and analysis have proved that this method could express the effect of the terrain on the ray impulse.


Investment Castings (IC) is one of the most economical ways to produce intricate metallic parts when forging, forming and other casting processes tend to fail. However, high tooling cost and long lead time associated with the fabrication of metal moulds for producing IC wax (sacrificial) patterns result in cost justification problems for customized single casting or small-lot production. Generating pattern using rapid prototyping (RP) process may be one of the feasible alternatives. For this purpose present study assessed the suitability of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process for creating sacrificial IC patterns by studying FDM fabricated part thermal response at various temperatures. A series of experiments with RP patterns are conducted and a set of test castings are also made in steel for establishing feasibility. The build material used is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). As an annexe to this work a concurrent attempt is also made to quantify the risk in using Selective Laser Sintering patterns for Investment Castings. Authors hope this work might establish applicability of ABS in IC and also lead the investigations to theoretically tone down the shell cracking tendency with Selective Laser Sintering patterns when Proprietary Duraform is used as the build material. Keywords-Investment Castings (IC); Fused Deposition Modeling ( FDM);Rapid Tooling (RT);Rapid Prototyping(RP); Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS);Thermal response; Pattern worthiness. Selective Laser Sintering, Dilatometer. Thermal expansion/Percentage thermal linear change.


COBELO, Silvia. Historiography of the Quixote's translations published in Brazil – Sancho Panca's Proverbs. Master's degree thesis – Modern Languages Department, School of Philosophy, Literature and Social Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 2009, 253p. This study gathers the historiography of Quijote publications in Brazil since its first edition in 1942 until year 2008. Research data from publishing companies and from the translators involved are also provided, with bigger emphasis in the four Brazilian translations. It is offered a comparative study of the translations through the study of six chapters that present proverbs pronounced in spate form by the squire Sancho Panza. In the appendix, the interviews made with the translators Eugenio Amado, Sergio Molina and Carlos Nougue are totally transcribed.


1. From a consideration of the pharmacodynamic properties of chloral hydrate, bromal hydrate, trichlorethanol, and tribromethanol, it appears unlikely that these alcohols are formed as such from the corresponding aldehyde hydrates in the body. Accordingly, trichlorethanol probably plays no part in the hypnotic action of chloral hydrate. 2. For narcotic potency, tribromethanol = trichlorethanol > chloral hydrate, compared by weight. On a molecular basis, tribromethanol is about twice as active as trichlorethanol in producing narcosis. In depressing respiration, tribromethanol is much more active than trichlorethanol and chloral hydrate. Circulatory depression from tribromethanol and trichlorethanol is about the same, less from chloral hydrate. 3. Bromal hydrate differs completely from the other compounds, lacking soporific properties, actively constricting smooth muscle, and exerting a tonic action on the heart. 4. Trichlorethanol deserves clinical study as a basal anesthetic.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of profitability for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the wholesale and retail sector in the Republic of Serbia. The wholesale and retail sector is a very important sector for Serbian economy, and also one of the most profitable sectors. The research of determinants of profitability includes two phases. First, the differences between the profitability of SMEs and large enterprises were conducted using the Student t-test. Second, the panel data estimation techniques were used to detect determinants of firm profitability. The profitability measure is based on the return on assets, and the determinants of profitability were defined as follows: size, leverage, liquidity, tangibility, investment, sales growth and lagged profitability. The data was collected from the financial statement of enterprises. For this purpose, 9,005 observations of 1,801 SMEs and 1,605 observations of 321 large trade companies over the period of 2010-2014 were included. The results indicate that SMEs achieve statistically significant better profitability than large wholesale and retail companies. The findings indicate that leverage, liquidity, sales growth and lagged profitability positively influence the profitability of SMEs. Furthermore, the results show an inverse relationship between the size and tangibility on  one side and profitability on the other side.


Latin America is considered one of the most violent and insecure regions on the planet, and this is due to a lack of access to basic services and extreme poverty, especially in countries such as: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela; This is due to the deficiency of the penal system, which limits the possibilities of development in those countries. Given this, the States in the region have resorted to new approaches to security based on people, the effectiveness of police processes in matters of citizen security. Hence, the responsible State and citizen participation in citizen security are describes, from the perspectives of Muggah (2017, 2018), Mockus (2005) and the Inter-American Development Bank (2012), among others. For this, we was used from the documentary and bibliographic review on the elements of governance, state challenges, as well as the social and political actors involved. It is concluded that Latin America requires the joint intervention of the responsible state and citizen participation for the execution of citizen security programs to socially and institutionally empower themselves to prevent and control crime from the local level and in the region.


Abstract This review focuses on the use of homogeneous transition metal complexes for the catalytic dehydrogenation of amines for synthetic purposes, and for hydrogen storage applications. The catalytic dehydrogenation of primary, secondary and cyclic amines is reviewed looking at reaction conditions, different catalysts and common side reactions. Recent developments in this active field of research showcase how cooperative ligands and photocatalysts can overcome the need for noble metals or harsh reaction conditions.


Deinococcus radiodurans have different phenotypes with different metals. It is not sensitive to Cu2 +,while it is sensitive to Cd2 +. When D. radiodurans was treated with Cd2 +alone,the inhibition of Cd2 +on the bacterium is remarkable. When D. radiodurans was cultured with 10μL of 10mmol·L- 1Cd2 +,then the addition of 10μL of 10mmol·L- 1Cu2 +into the culture led to a significant antagonistic effect. The addition of copper( 10mmol·L- 1,10μL) resulted in the decrease of inhibition zone( about 24%). These results suggest that Cu2 +has obvious antagonistic effect on the toxic Cd2 +during the culture of D. radiodurans. The result provides theoretical support for detoxify heavy metal Cd by low toxicity metal Cu.


Although transcultural nursing and culturally competent care had its origins in the mid-1950s, there are nurses and other health professionals who often seek clarification of these timely and important ideas. In this brief article, I will clarify these two interrelated ideas as the founder and coiner of the terms. Transcultural nursing has been defined as a legitimate and formal area of study, research, and practice, focused on culturally based care beliefs, values, and practices to help cultures or subcultures maintain or regain their health (wellbeing) and face disabilities or death in culturally congruent and beneficial caring ways (Leininger, 1970, 1978, 1995). Transcultural nursing is directed toward holistic, congruent (appropriate), and beneficial health care. It remains one of the most challenging and revolutionizing developments in health care as our world becomes globally multicultural. Transcultural nursing concepts, principles, and research findings are transforming nursing and medical systems and practices. Indeed, transcultural holistic and comparative perspectives are challenging nurses and other health care providers to think broadly and to reduce mechanistic and highly technical and impersonal actions that fail to help cultural clients. Ethical and moral factors become clearly evident as one works with clients of diverse cultures. Most important, transcultural nursing theories with a holistic and comparative perspective have led to culture-specific care. The Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality, which I developed in the mid-1950s, has been a major theory to advance the body of transcultural nursing knowledge (Leininger, 1978, 1991). The theory is focused on diverse and universal (common) dimensions of human caring worldwide and is based on my position that care is the essence, the central, dominant, and distinctive domain of nursing and transcultural nursing. The well-known Sunrise Model (Leininger, 1991) guides the researcher and clinician in using the theory to provide culturally congruent care to individuals, families, communities, and institutions. Hence, the construct of culturally congruent care was inherent and the goal of transcultural nursing. Simply, culturally congruent care means to provide care that is meaningful and fits with cultural beliefs and lifeways. From a professional perspective, it refers to the use of emic (local cultural knowledge and lifeways) in meaningful and tailored ways that fit with etic (largely professional outsiders' knowledge) to help specific cultures, whether ill, disabled, facing death, or facing other human conditions. Because culture is focused on the total or holistic lifeways of human beings, religion (spiritual), kinship, politico-legal, education, technology, language, environmental context, and worldview are all considered. This knowledge is thoughtfully and selectively integrated with medical and nursing physical, psychological, and other knowledge to provide congruent care. To date, transcultural nursing theory and research-based knowledge with general concepts, principles, and practices are transforming nursing and health care in several places. Beneficial (health promoting) and satisfying outcomes are highly rewarding to transcultural nurses but are especially rewarding to consumers of transcultural nursing care. The Journal of Transcultural Nursing has provided evidence of such benefits over the past decade (1989-1999).


Machine learning (ML) algorithms could facilitate the standardisation of joint damage assessment in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) and improve its accessibility in clinical and research settings. ML algorithms trained on manually annotated hand and wrist radiographs have promising performance characteristics[1]. A large volume of annotated radiographs is needed, and annotation is time consuming and subject to reliability issues given X-Rays (XRs) are 2D representations.To develop a reliable method for the annotation of hand and wrist bones on XRs in order to facilitate the development of supervised ML algorithms for joint damage detection.10 bilateral hand and wrist XRs were selected at random from the Bath PsA XR database. 5 XRs were independently annotated by 3 annotators; (AA & WT (rheumatologist) and YHR (radiologist)) using the ASPAX software[2]. Annotations were visually inspected for areas of discordance and consensus annotation guidelines were developed. Annotation was repeated using the annotation guidelines on second set of 5 XRs. With annotator 1 (WT) representing ground truth, the mean error (ME; in pixels) of the annotation (deviation from ground truth) and the mean fractional error (MFE; corrects for the perimeter measurements of the bone), was estimated in pre- and post-training annotations. The ME and MFE within a single annotator (AA) were estimated in 5 radiographs after a 2-month interval.Visual inspection determined that the areas of discordance in annotation were the 1stinterphalangeal joint, the metacarpal bases, the hamate and capitate bones, and the trapezium and trapezoid bones (Figure 1). The MFE between the annotators and ground truth improved for all bones following the development of annotation guidelines, with the largest improvement evident in the annotation of the metacarpal bones (Table 1). The intra-reader and inter-reader MFEs were comparable (Table 1).Standardised instructions may facilitate reliable hand and wrist bone annotation and enable the acquisition of large volumes of annotated training data for supervised ML algorithms.[1]Adwaye Rambojun, William Tillett, Tony Shardlow, Neill D. F. Campbell; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2021, pp. 2043-2052[2]Machine Learning and Rheumatic Diseases (Website)https://people.bath.ac.uk/amr62/Projects/malard/malard.htmlTable 1.Reliability ExerciseExercise 1: Inter-rater errorExercise 2: Inter-rater errorExercise 2: Intra-rater errorMean Error (±sd)PixelsMean Fractional Error (±sd)Mean Error (±sd)PixelsMean Fractional Error (±sd)Mean Error (±sd)PixelsMean Fractional Error (±sd)Distal phalanges201.02 (119.282)3.97 x 10-4(3.747 x 10-3)550.54(85.201)1.66 x10-5(1.293 x10-5)1.39 x10-2(8.740 x10-3)2.40 x10-5(1.335 x10-5)Middle phalanges218.83 (119.891)7.43 x 10-4(3.232 x 10-3)544.37(76.012)4.33 x 10-4(1.178 x 10-3)7.85 x10-3(2.368 x10-3)1.02 x10-5(4.055 x10-5)Proximal phalanges231.48 (116.095)8.52 x10-6(8.113 x10-6)585.33(104.098)7.13 x10-6(3.119 x10-6)7.80 x10-3(3.554 x10-3)6.88 x10-6(3.972 x10-6)Metacarpals184.94(115.208)1.74 x 10-4(1.345 x 10-3)571.73(62.721)8.65 x10-6(4.308 x10-6)9.82 x10-3(6.102 x10-3)6.07 x10-6(3.307 x10-6)Radius232.90(122.620)1.75 x 10-4(2.086 x 10-4)552.12(79.655)3.25 x10-5(1.775 x10-5)1.83215 x10-2(9.617 x10-3)1.25 x10-5(6.534 x10-6)Ulna236.60(121.709)3.31 x 10-4(3.778 x 10-4)557.25(80.019)2.19 x10-5(1.793 x10-5)1.68 x10-2(1.842 x10-2)1.41 x10-5(1.656 x10-5)Carpal bonesa197.42 (141.548)2.75 x 10-4(3.009 x 10-4)Carpal bonesb542.31(77.896)8.89 x10-5(1.025 x 10-4)2.86 x10-2(3.285 x10-2)5.28 x10-5(7.673 x10-5)a. Trapezium, Trapezoid, Scaphoid, Lunate, Pisiform, Triquetrum, Hamate Capitateb. Trapezium, Hamate/Capitate, Lunate, ScaphoidFigure 1.Pre- and Post-training annotation examplesNIL.Adwaye Rambojun: None declared, Anna Antony Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, AbbVie, Ynyr Hughes-Roberts: None declared, William Tillett Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Pfizer, UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen, UCB, Pfizer, Eli-Lilly.


ABSTRACT Lightening creams are among the most frequently used cosmetic products applied to the face to obtain a lighter tone or as an anti-spot. Heavy metals are the most common ingredients in powder creams that are sometimes present in impurities or added to improve the quality and shine.These metals can threaten human health. The presentstudy aimed to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in cream foundations. For this purpose, the concentrations of five heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and cobalt, were measured in four brands of cream foundations selected from the Iranian market (two domestic and two imported brands). Measurements were performed usinginductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) in 36 samples in three colours of dark, beige, and light. According to the obtained results, the lead (Pb) concentration was 1.45–398.5, cadmium (Cd) ND-4.77, nickel (Ni) 1.75–16.92, chromium (Cr) 3.52–30.9, and cobalt (Co) 0.45–3.77 µg/g. The total content of heavy metals was higher in the two Iranian brands than the two imported ones. In terms of colour, the results indicated that heavy metals' distributiondid not follow a certain pattern in different colours. According to the guidelines, all the tested samples were within the safe range in terms of non-carcinogenicity, carcinogenicity, and dermal sensitivity. However, due to the high concentrations of trace elements in the samples, the health consequences of heavy metals for consumers should not be overlooked.


[Objective]To observe the kidney and soup joint atorvastatin and fenofibrate treatment of chronic kidney disease curative effect.[Methods]Using random parallel control method,296 cases of hospitalized patients into two groups according to random number table method. The control group,152 cases of atorvastatin,1.28 g/time,3 times/d;Fenofibrate,0.3 g/times,2 times/d. Treatment group,144 cases of kidney and soup(Danshen,Huangqi,Taizishen,Nvzhenzi,Danggui,Huangqin,Taoren,Jixucao,Shengshanzha,Leigongteng,Huzhang,Tufuling,Muli 10g). 1/d,boiling water 200 ml,oral sooner or later. Western medicine treatment with the control group. Continuous treatment of 7d for 1 course of treatment. Observation of clinical symptoms,treatment,hospitalization days,adverse reactions. Continuous treatment 3 period of treatment, judge curative effect.[Results]The treatment group 91 cases cured,32 cases had marked effect,17 cases effective,4 had no effect,the total effective rate was 91.22%. Control group cure 73 cases,24 cases were markedly improved,28 cases effective,27 had no effect,the total effective rate was 82.24%. The treatment group curative effect is better than that of control group(P0.05). Treatment group and control group treatment cost balance(P0.05),hospitalization days,the treatment group is better than that of control group(P0.05).Kidney and soup.[Conclusion]Combination of atorvastatin and fenofibrate treatment of chronic kidney disease curative effect,less adverse reaction,high cure rate,recurrence rate is low,is worth promoting.


Violence risk is an important part of a comprehensive clinical assessment in first‐episode psychosis. This study addresses limitations of previous violent outcome research in first‐episode psychosis, which has typically investigated selected cohorts or been restricted to violence occurring prior to service contact, with limited use of police data.


Purpose
Vacation rentals (VRs) are growing in popularity and have disrupted the lodging industry. But they are also controversial because they can literally disrupt quiet residential neighborhoods. There is little research on users of VRs.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey of 10,000 festival attendees in San Francisco determined if they stayed in VR or commercial lodging and their spending. A second survey of 402 respondents who stayed in a VR asked about their motivations for renting a VR and their evaluation of the experience.

Findings
Results showed users of VRs were motivated by low cost, a convenient location and the nature of the neighborhood. VR user groups were more likely to rent high-end properties, than commercial users. But on a per-person per-day basis, VR users spent $183 on lodging, compared with $264 spent by those opting for a CL. Over half of the respondents stated that the availability of VRs increased the likelihood of them attending the event.

Practical implications
Results suggest that VRs help cover housing costs of VR owners and provide a desired, unique and low-priced lodging opportunity, which can encourage attendance at events. But VRs have both positive and negative disruptive impacts, and more regulation is coming in high-profile urban tourist destinations to mitigate negative effects.

Originality/value
This study consists of original research into VRs, which is a rapidly evolving component of hospitality industry.


Hendrix Genetics collects a great variety of data during the day-old chick production chain. The data could be analyzed to generate insights for production improvement. However, the data spread in multiple systems that behave as silos. It makes the data analyses that combine multiple datasets difficult or impossible. The report describes a project to design a system to enable data-driven applications by aggregating, storing, and providing the semi-structured and unstructured data collected during the production chain. A system prototype was implemented based on the design with several Microsoft Azure products. The design and implementation were verified by a data-driven application regarding day-old chick quality, and the result has shown the system could support data-driven applications.


The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined. The coordination geometry about the iron(II) center is a tetrahedrally distorted square plane formed by the four-coordinate N_2O_2 donor set of the Schiff-base imine-phenol ligand. Molecules of the title compound are not planar. The two Schiff-base moieties, which themselves are reasonably planar, are inclined at an angle of 31.5(1)°.


The common assumption that rural-to-urban migration is the primary source of rapid urban population growth in Africa is flawed. Natural population increase within urban areas and rural transformation are also important forces. Policies aimed at easing population pressure in urban areas by discouraging migration are therefore unlikely to succeed, argues Sean Fox.


The capacity allocation of each energy unit in the grid-connected wind–solar–battery hybrid power system is a significant segment in system design. In this paper, taking power grid dispatching into account, the research priorities are as follows: (1) We establish the mathematic models of each energy unit in the hybrid power system. (2) Based on dispatching of the power grid, energy surplus rate, system energy volatility and total cost, we establish the evaluation system for the wind–solar–battery power system and use a number of different devices as the constraint condition. (3) Based on an improved Genetic algorithm, we put forward a multi-objective optimisation algorithm to solve the optimal configuration problem in the hybrid power system, so we can achieve the high efficiency and economy of the grid-connected hybrid power system. The simulation result shows that the grid-connected wind–solar–battery hybrid power system has a higher comprehensive performance; the method of optimal configuration in this paper is useful and reasonable.


Dark matter(DM) is one of the hot spots in the astronomy,but the stand model of the particle physics can't provide a proper candidate of DM.The heavy photon of the Little Higgs model with T-parity(LHMT) is satisfied with the demand of DM.The direct detection of heavy photon has been calculated in this paper,the numerical result could be used to distinguish LHMT from other new physics models.


Our studies address questions pertaining to the regulation of D cyclin-cdk4 activity, and the following results were obtained. Conditions that increased the abundance of the D cyclins also increased the abundance of enzymatically active D cyclin-cdk4 complexes in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking both p27 and p21 (p27/p21 / ). Such conditions included ectopic expression of cyclin D1 and inhibition of D cyclin degradation by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. However, as determined by treatment of wild-type MEFs with MG132, maximal accumulation of D cyclin-cdk4 complexes required p27 and p21 and coincided with the formation of inactive D cyclin-cdk4-p27 or -p21 complexes. p27 or p21 also increased the abundance of D cyclin-cdk4 complexes and reduced amounts of cdk4 activity when ectopically expressed in p27/p21 / MEFs. Lastly, increases in the stability of the D cyclins accounted for their greater abundance in wild-type MEFs than in p27/p21 / MEFs. We conclude that (i) D cyclin-cdk4 complexes are formed and become active in the absence of p27 and p21 and (ii) p27 and p21 maximize the accumulation but inhibit the activity of D cyclin-cdk4 complexes. We suggest that D cyclin-cdk4 complexes are more stable when bound to p27 or p21 and that formation of ternary complexes also stabilizes the D cyclins.


This study reviews a number of long-term developments which can influence traffic and transport in the Netherlands. These developments are classified among the following five themes: (1) time and space spending in the form of work and leisure activities; (2) technological innovations, placed in a more historical context; (3) the tension between individuality and collectivity; (4) changes in attitude; and (5) changes in the administration in the Netherlands in particular. Possibilities for further research in the field of traffic and transport are presented within each theme.


We report on the application of Contact Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (CSCM) to trace the growth of an individual Ni filament in a ZrO2(Y) film on a Ni sublayer (together with a conductive Atomic Force Microscope probe composing a nanometer-sized virtual memristor). An increasing of the filament length in the course of electro-forming results in an increasing of the capacitance between the probe and the sample, which can be detected by CSCM technique. This way, the filament growth can be monitored in real time in situ.


B ECAUSE motor thrust depends on the product of the exposed burning surface area and the propellant burning rate, high burning rates provide the ability to generate high thrust levelswithout the need for elaborate grain designs that provide high-burning surface areas. Complex, high-surface-area grain designs suffer from the fact that they reduce volumetric loading fraction (the ratio of propellant volume to chamber volume), which is one of the leading reasons for missiles' size and weight. In addition, complex grain designs are more subject to mechanical failure under the harsh operational conditions of high-thrust/high-acceleration missiles. For these reasons, high-burning-rate propellants provide an enabling technology for a number of important missions. Ideally, alternatives can be identified that lie within the hazards class 1.3 propellant classification such that handling is less involved and the devices are inherently safer to personnel working with the system. It is well known that burning rates increase as particle sizes are decreased because the flame zone lies closer to the propellant surface where it provides more subsurface heating which drives the overall process. Because ammonium perchlorate (AP) is the most common oxidizer used in today's composite solid propellants, there are numerous studies [1–5] that have shown burning rates increase inversely with AP particle size. The well-known Beckstead et al. multiple-flamemodel predicted a substantial increase in burning rate as AP particle size was decreased [6]. For unimodal distributions, their results showed an asymptotic 'premixed flame' limit that was approached at AP particle sizes somewhat below 10 m. From a practical standpoint, propellant processing limits preclude the use of this variable to a significant extent. In addition, very fine AP powder is more hazardous; particle sizes less than 15 m are classified as explosive by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Despite these drawbacks, one of the most effective strategies to increase burning rate is to minimize AP particle size such that mix viscosity and the desired hazards classification are met. Aluminum powder is the most common fuel in composite solid propellants, and reduction of its particle size has similar effects in increasing burning rate as with AP. The effect of aluminum content and powder size on burning rate has been studied in the classical literature [7–9] and has been the subject of more recent literature [10,11] with the development of nano-aluminum (nAl). Nanoaluminum has been proven to considerably enhance propellant burning rates over coarse aluminum. Shalom et al. showed in [12] that replacement of half of a propellant formulation's 18% (by weight) coarse aluminum with nano-aluminum or ultrafine aluminum (UFAl) increased the burning rate by 84%. Using a unimodal aluminum distribution to determine the effect of particle size, Galfetti et al. [13] showed that replacing all of the micron-size aluminum in an AP/Al/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) (68/15/17) propellant increased the burning rate by 100%. Dokhan et al. in [11] showed that the addition of UFAl increased burning rate and that a higher fine-to-coarse AP ratio, in addition to the UFAl, further enhanced burning rate. With only 20% of the aluminum loading being UFAl, Dokhan et al. [11] showed that a burning-rate increase of 160% was delivered by increasing the fine AP loading from 20 to 40% and that a further 38% increase in burning rate could be realized with a fine AP loading of 60%. In addition to the effect of the fine AP loading, Dokhan et al. [11,14] obtained results that showed, for bimodal cases, substantial burning-rate increases occur at UFAl loadings as small as 20% of the total aluminum loading. Burn-rate catalysts or 'modifiers' are another commonmethod for enhancing burning rates of composite solid propellants. Extensive research regarding burn-rate modifiers has been conducted since the second half of the 1960s [1,3,15–25]. It has been shown that Received 18 January 2012; revision received 23 April 2012; accepted for publication 28 April 2012. Copyright © 2012 by Timothy D. Manship, Stephen D. Heister, and Patrick T. O'Neil. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Copies of this paper may be made for personal or internal use, on condition that the copier pay the $10.00 per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; include the code 0748-4658/12 and $10.00 in correspondence with the CCC. ∗Graduate Student, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 500 Allison Road. Member AIAA. Professor, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 500 Allison Road. Associate Fellow AIAA. Graduate Student, School of Mechanical Engineering, 500 Allison Road. Member AIAA (Corresponding Author). JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER Vol. 28, No. 6, November–December 2012


Based on previous studies, this study presents the role of dynamic capabilities and innovation in maintaining a competitive advantage for SMEs. This article is based on a literature review. Forty articles from JSTOR databases were selected for the study. The study period is between 2011 and 2020, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method was used. The results show that despite the contribution of Asian countries, almost 70% of studies on dynamic capabilities and innovation in SMEs in the Global North are conducted in Europe. Less attention has been paid to the Global South, which depends more on SMEs than large companies to enrich the economy. This study provides a clearer picture of the ideas through an empirical application that complements current vague notions. The author argues that more research needs to be done on dynamic capabilities and innovation in SMEs in the Global South.


A liquid low-alkali setting-accelerator was prepared to use in shotcrete.The adaptability of setting-accelerator with various kinds of cement,different superplasticizer and premix pump delivered concrete were studied.By the contrasting experiment,setting time and strength of cement which compounding with different admixture were tested.According to the characteristic of engineering,mixing the pumping aid after 30min or 60min,the setting-accelerator was mixed in cement mortar,the setting time and strength of cement mortar were tested.The result shows that the initial setting time and the final setting time of cement paste achieve the standard requirement,and the compression strength of 1d is higher than 8MPa,the compression strength ratio of 28d is all larger than 90%.To the P·O42.5R cement,the compression strength ratio of 28d is all larger than 100%,especially Dunshi brand P·O42.5R cement is 127.8%.The adaptability of setting-accelerator with normal Portland cement,superplasticizer and the transportation mode of ready-mixed concrete is satisfying.


Previously, we found a significant negative correlation between DNA C-value and altitude among eight natural populations of Dactylis glomerata L. (Creber et al., New Phytologist 128: 555-561, 1994). We have examined the extent to which similar negative relationships exist in other altitudinal transects, one in southern France and the other in Italy. Using Feulgen microdensitometry, C-values were negatively correlated with altitude both for the French and Italian populations. A combined plot of DNA C-values against altitude for all of the transects (representing C-values for 17 natural populations), exhibited a highly significant negative relationship; there was a 13-fold variation in DNA C-value from the largest genome-lowest altitude to the smallest genome-highest altitude natural population. Such a consistent marked altitudinal dine suggests strong nucleotypic selection acting upon these populations with increasing altitude. Preliminary examination of amplified fragment length polymorphisms between populations selected from the upper and lower limits of the French and Italian transects has shown that these populations are genetically distinct. The extent to which this genetic separation is related to altitude or genome size, or both, is discussed. © 1998 Annals of Botany Company


Machine learning methods can be used to diagnose neuromuscular illnesses using electromyographic (EMG) signals. This research examines the tunable-Q factor wavelet transform (TQWT) for feature extraction and analyses various learning methods for classifying EMG signals in order to detect neuromuscular diseases. TQWT decomposes each type of EMG signal into sub-bands first. From each sub-band, statistical parameters such as mean absolute values (MAV), inter quartile range (IQR), kurtosis, mode, standard deviation, skewness, and ratio are calculated. Finally, the extracted features are fed into classifiers to differentiate between ALS, myopathy, and normal EMG data. The random forest classifier with TQWT achieved higher classification results in neuromuscular disorders diagnosis than the other classifiers tested in this study, according to experimental results. The accuracy of the random forest approach using TQWT was 98.64%, with an F-measure of 0.986 and a kappa value of 0.979.


Until the outbreak of COVID-19, digital transformation was not on many hotels' strategic plan, despite its efficiency-related benefits for saving time, creating better customer experiences, increasing revenue, and supporting decision-making. However, like in many other industries, the COVID-19 physical distancing good practices and governments' restrictions acted as a catalyst and promoted hotels' digitalization. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to 51 hotel managers to verify if that happened in Portuguese hotels and what processes were most impacted. Results showed that 92% of the hotel managers agreed that COVID-19 promoted the digitalization of processes, with most organizations considering that online meetings and technology productivity tools are here to stay. Hotels' digitalization has the potential to generate high-efficiency gains both in public-facing operations as well as in back-office operations. This study highlights these implications and intends to spur researchers to investigate the practical impact of these implications on business efficiency and social theory.


Sources of sedimentary organic matter to a Morse River, Maine (USA) salt marsh over the last 3390 � 60 RCYBP (Radiocarbon Years Before Present) are determined using distribution patterns of nalkanes, bulk carbon isotopic analysis, and compound-specific carbon isotopic analysis. Marsh foraminiferal counts suggest a ubiquitous presence of high marsh and higher-high marsh deposits (dominated by Trochammina macrescens forma macrescens, Trochammina comprimata, and Trochammina inflata), implying deposition from w0.2 m to 0.5 m above mean high water. Distributions of n-alkanes show a primary contribution from higher plants, confirmed by an average chain length value of 27.5 for the core sediments, and carbon preference index values all >3. Many sample depths are dominated by the C25 alkane. Salicornia depressa and Ruppia maritima have similar n-alkane distributions to many of the salt marsh sediments, and we suggest that one or both of these plants is either an important source to the biomass of the marsh through time, or that another unidentified higher plant source is contributing heavily to the sediment pool. Bacterial degradation or algal inputs to the marsh sediments appear to be minor. Compound-specific carbon isotopic analyses of the C27 alkane are on average 7.2& depleted relative to bulk values, but the two records are strongly correlated (R 2 ¼ 0.89), suggesting that marsh plants dominate the bulk carbon isotopic signal. Our study underscores the importance of using caution when applying mixing models of plant species to salt marsh sediments, especially when relatively few plants are included in the model.


SUMMARY A novel formulation of highly loaded Vitamin K1 NLC was developed for use in couperosis treatment. The solid lipid content, the concentrations of the surfactants and the critical production parameters of rotor-stator homogenization and hot high pressure homogenization were optimized. A high drug loading capacity of 40% could be reached with a proven storage stability of three weeks by now.


The International Maritime Organization's member states are considering a range of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping, including a fuel oil levy to fund low and zero carbon technology research and development. This article evaluates whether the International Maritime Organization is legally bound by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea—in particular its Articles 203 and 278—despite the organization not being a party to the Convention and not having expressly accepted the obligations it imposes. The article critically analyses and applies the pacta tertiis principle and examines whether the relevant portions of the Convention constitute an 'objective regime.' It then considers what viewing the Convention as binding would mean for the imo's implementation of the proposed levy and its other climate measures, and how doing so could help unify the climate and maritime legal regimes.


General conditions seem to justify a more extensive production of wheat and rye on Iowa farms, both crops being reasonably well adapted to Iowa soil and climate. The most accurate figures available Indicate that there Is a world shortage of food stuffs which Ia bound to make a strong demand for cereals during the next few years. Prices for grains, and especially those used primarily for breads, will undoubtedly maintain a high level. Under such circumstances profitable returns are assured to the farmers who produce grain crops.


At the outset I would like to express my gratitude to IPHA for awarding me Dr. S. C. Seal Memorial Oration. I feel I am fortunate as this oration has provided me an opportunity to commemorate Dr. Seal whose life and work is a source of inspiration to all of us. Though I never got a chance to see him in person but I often felt a strong sense of association with him while going through his publications. His excellent research work particularly the work on Comprehensive Health Examination Surveys left a deep imprint on me during my student days. Recently while dealing with a plague outbreak I happen to read his book on Plague which I think is a masterpiece on the subject. Dr. Seal had done excellent original research work on epidemiology of plague. His work suggests that Epidemiological Surveillance has been instrumental in controlling plague in India. A disease that had taken toll of 13 million lives in India has ceased to be a public health problem. Surveillance was used as early as 1300s when Public Health Authorities in the Republic of Venice prevented passengers from coming ashore during the time of plague epidemic in Europe. In 1532 Mortality Surveillance was initiated in London as a consequence of the fear of a plague epidemic. However reemergence of Plague in Surat during 1994 caught us unaware as unfortunately surveillance activity had been abandoned. It is ironic that a disease which had been historically instrumental in development of the science and art of epidemiological surveillance once again reminded us the importance of surveillance. As a result National Surveillance Programme for Communicable Diseases was launched in India. (excerpt)


Flooding and centrifuge experiments are conducted using core plugs to determine simultaneously two-phase relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. Traditional interpretation methods of these SCAL (special core analysis) experiments have assumptions which are not always reflecting reality. For example, the unsteady-state experiment assumes that Buckley-Leverett theory is satisfied and therefore the capillary pressure can be ignored. To avoid these analytical assumptions, computer simulations are used for assisted history matching purposes to interpret SCAL experiments and to simultaneously estimate relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. The assisted history match approach developed is a combination of two gradient based optimization algorithms: (1) Ensemble Randomized Maximum Likelihood approach (EnRML) and (2) Perturbation Gradient approach (PG). Both have their particular advantages. The EnRML algorithm is able to estimate the uncertainty of the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. The PG algorithm converges faster than the EnRML algorithm. The combined optimization algorithm is able to combine data from different SCAL experiments (e.g. unsteady state, steady state and centrifuge experiments). This approach is tested on synthetic cases and a real case. The estimation of the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves improves as more data is used in the history match procedure. Combining unsteady state data with centrifuge date gives a good reconstruction of the true relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. The main advantage of the assisted history match approach is that the simulation-based interpretation is significantly faster compared to manual history matching. In addition it is more flexible since it can not only be used for regular flooding experiments (i.e. unsteady state, steady state, singe-speed centrifuge and multi-speed centrifuge), but also for enhanced oil recovery experiments such as low salinity flooding.


This paper describes an alternative method for measuring the vertical distribution of ozone molecules in the atmosphere to that described most commonly in the literature. The method is based on active radar sounding of the ozone layer using two satellites recording information at the resonance absorption frequencies of O3.


We recently reported an initial AlGaAs/GaAs/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT), formed via wafer fusion of a p-GaAs base to an n-GaN collector. The device was formed by fusion at a high temperature (750 °C) and demonstrated low output current (∼100 A/cm2) and low common-emitter current gain (0.5). This letter describes a systematic variation of fusion temperature (550–750 °C) in the formation of the HBT, and reveals the correlation between fusion temperature, base–collector leakage, and emitter–base degradation. With reduced fusion temperatures, devices demonstrate improvements in leakage, output current (∼1 kA/cm2), and common-emitter current gain (>1). Optimization of device structure should further improve performance.


Inspite the emerging importance of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER), the state-of-the-art accuracy is quite low and needs improvement to make commercial applications of SER viable. A key underlying reason for the low accuracy is the scarcity of emotion datasets, which is a challenge for developing any robust machine learning model in general. In this article, we propose a solution to this problem: a multi-task learning framework that uses auxiliary tasks for which data is abundantly available. We show that utilisation of this additional data can improve the primary task of SER for which only limited labelled data is available. In particular, we use gender identifications and speaker recognition as auxiliary tasks, which allow the use of very large datasets, e. g., speaker classification datasets. To maximise the benefit of multi-task learning, we further use an adversarial autoencoder (AAE) within our framework, which has a strong capability to learn powerful and discriminative features. Furthermore, the unsupervised AAE in combination with the supervised classification networks enables semi-supervised learning which incorporates a discriminative component in the AAE unsupervised training pipeline. This semi-supervised learning essentially helps to improve generalisation of our framework and thus leads to improvements in SER performance. The proposed model is rigorously evaluated for categorical and dimensional emotion, and cross-corpus scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on two publicly available datasets.


The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured commissioned this report to learn more about the role that Medicaid plays in the ability of homeless people to get health care. This report examines the ability of homeless people to get the health care they need, and the factors that affect their receipt of care. Within the general rubric of health care we include treatment for physical health, mental health, and substance abuse problems.


Chili and Onion are one of the foodstuffs that have very fluctuating prices.This paper aims to analyze price developments, the impact of commodity price fluctuations in Ordinary Red Chili, Green Rawit Chili, Local Red Onion and Garlic in Medan and analyze the inflation linkages between regions around Medan city.The data used in this study are monthly price data of ordinary red chili, green cayenne pepper, local shallots and garlic in January 2014-December 2017 or 48 months and for an analysis of the relationship of inflation between Medan city, Pekanbaru city and Padang city using data Monthly Consumer Price Index (CPI) starting from January 2014 to December 2017 or 48 months.The results show that during 2014-2017, the development of prices of ordinary red chili, green cayenne, local shallots and garlic in the city of Medan tended to fluctuate every month, in the short term only significant green cayenne pepper had an inflationary effect in Medan while in the long run there are two commodities, namely ordinary red chili and green cayenne pepper which have a significant impact on inflation in the city of Medan.On the contrary, the shock of the price of ordinary red chili and green cayenne pepper for one standard deviation will have an impact on the inflation of Medan city, the inflation linkage test between regions around Medan (Granger causality test) namely Padang and Pekanbaru are known that Padang inflation and Pekanbaru inflation are not there is a causality relationship or no influence on Medan inflation but Medan inflation occurs in a one-way causal relationship (influence) on Padang inflation.


Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are analyzed to characterize the sources impacting the Hong Kong area. The ratios of different VOC species, m,p- xylenes-to-ethylbenzene, C6H14-to-toluene and p-xylene-to- total xylenes are used for diagnostic analyses. Photochemi- cal age analysis shows that the sources of reactive aromatics, the most important contributor to the photochemical reactiv- ity, do not appear to be preferentially located in downtown Hong Kong. In addition, they do not appear to be domi- nated by mobile emissions based on the analyses of speciated VOC data from an earlier study, but related to industrial, wa- terfront, and fuel-storage activities. The ratios, p-xylene-to- total xylenes and dSO2/dNOy, suggest that the anomalously high pollutant concentrations in western Hong Kong in the early morning hours of two episode days appear to have come from transport of urban-type emissions. Comparison of ob- served ambient ratios of selected VOC and their ratios in the speciated VOC emission inventories for Hong Kong and ad- jacent Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region gives mixed results. The observed ratio C6H14-to-toluene is consistent with the speciated version of the VOC emission inventory. The ra- tios of selected alkanes are not. This may be caused by the inaccuracies in the inventory and/or the speciation method.


Open Genetics Lectures - Fall 2015_FullRes_113MB.pdf This is a .pdf file of the Open Genetics Lectures Textbook (not old Open Genetics). ********* It contains: (1) a cover page, (2) supplementary pages, (3) a table of contents, (4) all 41 chapters, with questions, (5) answers to chapter questions *********** "This project/resource was funded in part by the Alberta Open Educational Resources (ABOER) Initiative, which is made possible through an investment from the Alberta government"


This paper will not discuss the philosophy of causality in depth, but will focus on its applications to the modelling of macroeconomic systems. There has been much discussion in econometrics about the extraction of structural parameters. This is the question of 'identification', and there are well-established procedures for this extraction. Equations estimated in econometrics usually provide the functional relations among variables or economic indicators. However, economists are not only concerned with mathematical connections, as the causal relations between variables are also considered to be important. Qualitative models in economics are usually specified in terms of variables and their relations. Morever, data sets are not always available in qualitative models. Therefore, one possible approach for economic prediction is to apply causal reasoning methods to qualitative models. In this paper, modifications to the causal ordering concepts of Simon and Iwasaki will be proposed. A discussion on recent app...


The most important thing about 'Classics' is that they are shared. They are experiences we all have in common. Or at least things that we can refer to in common. As such they are links between us which form the very substance of our culture. And they do this, it seems to me, whether or not they are particularly great art. But when they are great art, and we recognise in the shared experience they afford truths about our own humanity, exquisitely expressed, that is something special indeed.

Three-quarters of a mile to the south west and almost within sight of our bedroom window is the room where Jane Austen wrote or completed all of her six novels. It was in that room, exactly 200 years ago this 28 January, that she took delivery of her own copy of the newly …


This article presents a novel method for computing distances between hosts in a computational grid. Our method allows to represent the cost to achieve any operation involving some services in a grid environment. We demonstrate why the current monitoring tools are not sufficient in grid environments that lack high level tools to combine several sources of monitoring while taking into account particular constraints for some given applications. We show how this method has been embedded in a grid service, namely the network distance service (NDS). We illustrate the benefit of our approach in terms of accuracy, using an algorithm from graph theory on a grid planning scenario. We explain some implementation issues and discuss how the proposed NDS service can be useful to any grid service who needs some accurate evaluation for a decision making process involving such distances


the -SH group. On the other hand, the necessity for the entire mercaptosuccinic acid molecule might be indicated by the observation that neither thioacetic acid, thioglycolic acid, thioglycerol, nor mercaptoethylamine showed activity. Paper chromatography of the mercaptosuccinic acid failed to show any ninhydrinpositive material. Neither aspartic acid nor serine could replace homoserine in the growth system. Confirmation of the results with mercaptosuccinate in liquid media was obtained on a solid medium. Minimal agar containing DL-norleucine (20 ,ug per ml) was seeded with 8 X 107 cells. Sterile test pads saturated with DL-methionine (100 jig per ml), DL-homoserine (6 mg per ml), L-cysteine (200 ,ug per ml), mercaptosuccinic acid (3 mg per ml), cysteine plus homoserine, or mercaptosuccinate plus homoserine then were placed on the surface of the agar. After 24 hr incubation at 37 C, heavy rings of growth appeared around the pads to which methionine or mercaptosuccinic acid plus homoserine had been applied. Very slight growth or no growth was observed around the other test pads. At this time it is not known why cysteine will not react or how mercaptosuccinic acid acts to combine with homoserine to permit growth of V. comma in the presence of norleucine. It is possible that the permeability of the organism plays a selective role toward these compounds. If the -SH group of mercaptosuccinate is the essential part of the molecule, a condensation such as was suggested by Teas, Horowitz, and Fling (J. Biochem., 172, 651, 1948) with cysteine and homoserine in Neurospora would seem possible.


The drawbacks of Map-Reduce are simplifying reliability and fault tolerance, MR jobs does not preserve data in memory. In the distributed file system MR jobs dump does not read next MR Job. The Bulk Synchronous Parallelism does not suffer this drawbacks, it is alternative to the MR model. Clustering techniques is used for data analysis across all disciplines. K-means is clustering algorithm its simplicity and speed to run on large data set. The performance of K-means is inefficient when large data set will be used. Map-Reduce and Bulk synchronization Parallelism solve the problem of inefficiency when large data set used. The experiments show that our approach is efficient and Bulk synchronization Parallelism is efficient as compare to the Map-Reduce.


Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus is recorded for the first time in Kano State, Nigeria. Out of 145 stray dogs examined, nine (6·21%) harboured E. granulosus. Other parasites found in these dogs included Ancylostoma caninum (42·1%), Toxocara canis (55·2%), Taenia hydatigena (77·9%) and Dipylidium caninum (90·3%). Hydatid cysts were detected in various species during meat inspection at the Kano abattoir. The prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered food animals was: cattle 14·7%, sheep 11·4%, goats 26·5% and camels 55·5%.Possible mechanisms for the maintenance of echinococcosis in Kano State are discussed.


RNA-binding proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 (FBFs) are required for germline stem cell maintenance and the sperm/oocyte switch in Caenorhabditis elegans, though the mechanisms controlling FBF protein levels remain unknown. We identified an interaction between both FBFs and CSN-5, a component of the COP9 (constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome. Here, we find that the MPN (Mpr1/Pad1 N terminal) metalloprotease domain of CSN-5 interacts with the PUF (Pumilio and FBF) RNA-binding domain of FBFs and the interaction is conserved for human homologs PUM1 and CSN5. The interaction between FBF-2 and CSN-5 can be detected in vivo by proximity ligation. csn-5 mutation results in destabilization of FBF proteins, a decrease in the numbers of germline stem cells, and disruption of the switch from spermatogenesis to oogenesis. The loss of csn-5 does not decrease the levels of a related PUF protein PUF-3 and csn-5(lf) phenotype is not enhanced by fbf-1/2 depletion, suggesting that the effect is specific to FBFs. The effect of csn-5 on germline sex determination is largely independent of the COP9 signalosome and is cell autonomous. Surprisingly, regulation of FBF protein levels involves a combination of COP9-dependent and –independent mechanisms differentially affecting FBF-1 and FBF-2. This work supports a previously unappreciated role for CSN-5 in stabilization of germline stem cell regulatory proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2. Author Summary Germ cell development and reproductive success in the nematode C. elegans rely on the function of germline stem cells. Continued maintenance of these cells is supported by the activity of conserved RNA-binding proteins FBF-1 and FBF-2 (FBFs). However, it is unknown how FBF protein levels are regulated. Here, we identify a direct interaction between FBFs and CSN-5, a component of the COP9 signalosome best known for its role in regulating protein degradation. We find that CSN-5 promotes FBF stability and allows for accumulation of steady-state protein levels, thereby promoting FBF function. In csn-5 mutants, we find a significant reduction of FBF proteins, decrease of stem cells, and failure to promote oogenesis consistent with compromised FBF function. Furthermore, CSN-5 contributes to FBF protein stability through two mechanisms. This work demonstrates a previously unappreciated role for CSN-5 in stabilization of FBF proteins. Based on our finding that the FBF/CSN-5 interaction is conserved and detectable between homologous human proteins, we speculate this relationship might be relevant for understanding stem cell maintenance in a range of species, from nematodes to humans.


Contracts are foundational components of economic and social life as they specify rights and responsibilities between or among parties in various exchanges. Although contracts have received substan...


The aim of this article is to offer a review of the impact the different methodologies of analysis have on social enterprises, focusing the study on processes that establish a greater universality based on the degree of success achieved in their social objectives, the social reinvestment of their benefits and their democratic organisation, parameters that should favour the creation of a clear and simple method, as well as adaptable to change. The systematics will allow to establish systems for the measurement of the efficiency of social enterprises, in order to both organise objective procedures of comparison and offer support when applying for public aid derived from European and national funds set up for this purpose. The quantification of the social impact of the companies that constitute the social economy is vital to assess and follow up on their social mission.


This paper applies G. Lyubeznik's notion of F-finite modules to describe in a very down-to-earth manner certain annihilator submodules of some top local cohomology modules over Gorenstein rings. As a consequence we obtain an explicit description of the test ideal of Gorenstein rings in terms of ideals in a regular ring.


Summary During her reign, Queen Christina created a cultural activity which is of outstanding importance in the history of Sweden. Stockholm was becoming a centre of learning in Europe; a centre where internationally famed scholars found an easy competence and a stimulating atmosphere for continued scholarship under the royal patronage of the 'Minerva of the North'. Of special importance was the renowned French philosopher Descartes but otherwise the Dutch influences were dominating, represented particularly by the two Classical philologians Nicolaas Heinsius and Isaac Vossius. The Queen's interest in humanistic subjects showed itself not only in literary studies but also embraced the cultural life in general, and a prominent position was given to the collecting of antique sculpture. In this article, a few views on the Queen's ambitions in this respect are put forward. With reference to catalogues of older Swedish antiques collections, which have not been treated before, it has been possible to assign 14 ...


Combining the theory of information dissymmetry, the route and regularity of ris k generation in the course of the logistics consignation are analyzed. Starting from the extent of dependence on the third part logistics(3PL)enterprises, the risk models of multi-consignation and scattered consignation are analyzed. The concept of abstract logistics quantity is put forward, which makes the complica ted logistics operations to be taken as the quantified ordinary logistics operat ion. After analyzing the risk causation, 10 approaches for reducing the risk of consignation are suggested providing criteria for decision-making in logistics consignation of the enterprises.


THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER SENSE OF EFFICACY AND PUPIL CONTROL IDEOLOGY IN URBAN MIDDLE SCHOOLS The purpose o f this study was to investigate teacher sense o f efficacy and its relationship to pupil control ideology in urban middle schools. The following questions were investigated: 1. Among urban middle school teachers, what is the relationship between their level o f self-efficacy for teaching and their pupil control ideology? 2. Are female middle school teachers more or less efficacious than male middle school teachers? 3. Are female middle school teachers more or less humanistic than male middle school teachers? The study included middle school teachers from 4 urban school divisions in the Commonwealth o f Virginia. Teachers from 13 middle schools from the 4 school divisions participated in this study which yielded a total o f 161 teachers. ' 4 A Pearson r correlation was run to investigate the relationship between teacher sense o f efficacy and pupil control ideology. T-tests were run to determine if statistically significant difference existed between the pupil control ideology and teacher sense o f efficacy scores o f urban male and female middle school teachers. The results o f the Pearson r correlation indicated that there was no statistically significant relationship between teachers' sense o f efficacy and their pupil control ideology. The t-test results indicated that urban female middle school teachers were more efficacious than urban


This document is intended to orient the beginning water quality citizen monitor. A citizen monitor is someone who is willing to volunteer time and effort to the community and to the stream. This person is assumed to want to protect and promote the health of a particular stream, and to be interested in involving the public, both in actively assessing the watershed and in sharing the knowledge gained with the rest of the community. It is further assumed that this "beginning" monitor has little or no prior experience in the field o f stream ecology. This orientation is accomplished by providing the reader with a general understanding o f how a stream functions, and how the different components o f a stream are interrelated (stream dynamics), and by describing the process involved in conducting a watershed assessment. The document further lists specific watershed inventories for the reader to obtain, as well as additional sources and organizations to contact for when the reader is ready to go to the field and begin a detailed watershed assessment. The stream dynamics section is broken up into thirteen parameters; sinuosity; slope; substrate; width-to-depth ratio; pool-to-riffle ratio; discharge; velocity; temperature; turbidity; riparian vegetation; dissolved oxygen; pH; and macroinvertebrates. The discussion for each parameter includes a definition, ways that each is measured, the significance o f each, how each is altered, what the effects of these alterations are, and additional sources to which the interested reader can refer to learn more about a specific subject. The watershed assessment section instructs the reader as to what steps need to be followed in order to carry out a watershed assessment. These steps are: conducting a background investigation; choosing a study area; identifying specific issues; finding the source of each issue; determining if each issue should be addressed (with available resources); deciding upon the proper action to take; and establishing a monitoring program. This document also includes a case study of Freeman Brook in central Vermont. The purpose of this study was to apply the process listed above to "the real world." R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to say a special thank you to Dr. Jeffrey Gritzner for repeatedly demonstrating his understanding o f the trials and tribulations o f the life o f a graduate student, and for allowing me to stray from the traditional protocol o f graduate work in order to structure my own education. I would also like to thank my other committee members. Dr. Vicki Watson and Dr. Eric Edlund, for their input and guidance. Other helpful contributors included Kinny Connell, Richard Czaplinski, and Geoff Dates, without whom the practical applications of this document and this education may have been lost on the author. Finally, I could never have successfully completed a project o f this scope without the support and encouragement provided by my parents. Thank you. R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission.


A new approach for 3D mesh surface filtering is presented. A local neighbor area is first found for each vertex. Then local plane parameterization is applied to the area. After uniform sampling to the parameterized area, each vertex corresponds to a local image patch. Then wavelet filtering is applied to the image patches. After vertex resampling, filtered mesh surface can be reconstructed. The major contribution lies in the idea of universal vertex local filtering. The filtering algorithm can operate nonzero-genus meshes directly and smoothly. Experiments demonstrated potentials of the algorithm.


Energy is one of the most important resources required by modern human society. In 2010, energy expenditures represented 10% of global gross domestic product (GDP). By 2035, global energy consumption is expected to increase by more than 50% from current levels. The increased pace of global energy consumption leads to significant environmental and socioeconomic issues: (i) carbon emissions, from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, contribute to global warming, and (ii) increased energy expenditures lead to reduced standard of living. Efficient use of energy, through energy conservation measures, is an important step toward mitigating these effects. Residential and commercial buildings represent a prime target for energy conservation, comprising 21% of global energy consumption and 40% of the total energy consumption in the United States. This thesis describes techniques for the analysis and optimization of building energy consumption. The thesis focuses on building retrofits and building energy simulation as key areas in building energy optimization and analysis. The thesis first discusses and evaluates building-level renewable energy generation as a solution toward building energy optimization. The thesis next describes a novel heating system, called localized heating. Under localized heating, building occupants are heated individually by directed radiant heaters, resulting in a considerably reduced heated space and significant heating energy savings. To support localized heating, a minimallyintrusive indoor occupant positioning system is described. The thesis then discusses occupant-level sensing (OLS) as the next frontier in building energy optimization. OLS captures the exact environmental conditions faced by each building occupant, using sensors that are carried by all building occupants. The information provided by OLS enables fine-grained optimization for unprecedented levels of energy efficiency and occupant comfort.


With respect to home made X70 steel which is used in the pipeline engineering for gas transportation from Sichuan to the eastern area,the probability and causes of defects occurred in welding were analyzed,and the relevant prevention measures were built. After these measures were executed in practice,the first time welding qualified rate had been raised to a great extent.


Natural convection plays a pivotal role in the overall energy transfer in solar collectors, thermal energy storage systems, nuclear spent fuel cooling with emphasis on the design of shipping casks for the transportation of fuel rods, cooling of electronic equipment, and in inert-gas insulated electrical cables. Numerous studies, both numerical and experimental, have been performed on natural convective heat transfer and fluid flow. In this paper, results of numerical simulations of steady, laminar 3-D natural convection around a square rod placed concentrically in a horizontal cylinder are presented. This problem models the fluid dynamics and heat transfer in a nuclear spent fuel shipping cask in which the inner body represents a light water reactor (LWR) fuel assembly. Throughout this study, the inner and outer boundaries are maintained at constant heat flux and isothermal conditions, respectively. The end boundaries are maintained at adiabatic conditions.


Summary The hyperglycemic effect of diazoxide, hydrocortisone, epinephrine, glucagon, and mannoheptulose was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a low potassium diet for 25 days, or on a control diet. The low potassium diet produced a hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis. There were increased glycogen levels in both liver and muscle with the low potassium diet compared to controls. Diazoxide and hydrocortisone produced an increased hyperglycemic effect in the potassium deficient animals. The response to mannoheptulose, glucagon, and epinephrine was identical in control and potassium depleted groups. The significance of these results is discussed.


In this paper,based on analyzing the characteristic of the hot spot spectral radiance by use of related MODIS bands data,a new model named normalized difference thermal index(NDTI) was developed for the fire detection and monitoring.The algorithm of this model was discussed and given in details.Furthermore,the NDTI model was validated through a day fire case and a night fire case occurring in Heyuan,China.The NDTI may be widely used for sensor of the EOS-MODIS,NOAA-AVHRR,GOES-VAS,future NPP-VIIRS,future Chinese FY3 and more.


The complexes cis-[Co(N2O2)(acac)], (where N2O2 = tetradentate dianionic open-chain ligands of acacen, salen or benacen-type; acac = 2,4-pentadionate anion) undergo photoredox reactions under the influence of ultraviolet radiation giving rise to Co(II). The quantum yield values of the Co(III) reduction, associated with the oxidation of the acac ligand, depend on the periphery (substituents R) of the N2O2-ligands and the wavelength of incident light. The complexes are luminescent from their intraligand excited states.

In acetonitrile solution the complexes exhibit an electrochemical oxidation response (Epa: 0.86 to 1,02 V vs SCE) of primarily ligand oxidation origin. A linear correlation has been obtained between the anodic peak potential, Epa and the inductive parameter,σ of the substituents R. The electrochemical reduction of the complexes was poorly resolved or missing within the solvent limit.


The invention relates to a storage explosionproof transformation structural system and a construction method thereof. The storage explosionproof transformation structural system comprises an original storage structure, an additional explosionproof structure and a wall structure, wherein the additional explosionproof structure comprises an additional foundation, an additional column, an additional wall and an explosionproof ceiling; the wall structure is connected with the additional explosionproof structure by virtue of a connection top beam to form a spatial structure system, one end of the connection top beam is connected with an outer frame column, and the other end of the connection top beam is connected with the top surface of the wall structure. The construction method sequentially comprises the following steps: constructing a foundation, constructing the additional column, constructing the additional wall, constructing the wall structure, constructing a connection component and constructing a roofing board. The storage explosionproof transformation structural system has the characteristics of layer-by-layer protection on a surrounding building, definite stress, greatly improved house collapse resistance and good fireproof performance.


OceanStore, a global storage infrastructure, automatically recovers from server and network failures, incorporates new resources, and adjusts to usage patterns. T he computing world is experiencing a transition from desktop PCs to connected information appliances , which — like the earlier transition from mainframes to PCs — will profoundly change the way information is used. The variety of devices capable of connecting to the Internet is astounding. Personal Data Assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, and even cars have Internet con-nectivity. Given the proliferation of connected devices, it's natural to address their common need for persistent storage by means of an Internet-based, distributed storage system. Such a system would let devices transparently share data and preserve information even when devices are lost or damaged (for a discussion of applications that will benefit from such a storage infrastructure, see the " Applications for Global Storage Systems " sidebar on p. 44). To handle all of the world's client devices, such a storage system must eventually consist of thousands or millions of Internet-connected servers. Consequently, the greatest obstacle to building and deploying such a system is manageabili-ty. Already, single-site data storage systems require carefully orchestrated server configurations, an art understood only by highly paid experts. In a global-scale, distributed storage system, the difficulties increase by many orders of magnitude. Two distinct types of management are readily identified. Storage-level management is the set of operations required to maintain the integrity and access performance of raw data, without reference to the semantics of the information that data represents. Proper storage-level management yields a stable set of bits (or stable store) that can be utilized by applications in a variety of ways. Information-level management, on the other hand, is the set of operations involved in sorting, classifying , and organizing raw data. Consequently , error correction codes are an aspect of storage-level management, while sophisticated indexing is an aspect of information-level management. This article explores mechanisms for storage-level management in OceanStore, 1 a global-scale utility infrastructure, designed to scale to billions of users and exabytes of data. A prototype of the OceanStore system is currently under con


Burnout is an occupational phenomenon resulting from unmanaged chronic workplace stress. Since COVID-19 started, burnout among healthcare workers has worsened and become a public health crisis. Wellness is about leading a physically, mentally, and spiritually healthy lifestyle to achieve one's full potential through positive affirmations. Its multiple dimensions include (1) physical, (2) emotional, (3) intellectual, (4) occupational, (5) social, and (6) spiritual. Extant empirical literature lacked regarding surgical physician assistants and how chronic burnout affected their wellness. This longitudinal narrative inquiry thus aimed to explore the perceived impact of a surgical physician assistant's chronic burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic on her physical, mental, and emotional wellness through her lived work experiences from the onset to the major surges of COVID-19 positive cases (2020, 2021, 2022). The study participant provided the researcher with her self-recorded personal journals of lived work experiences. The researcher organized and re-presented the narratives, applied thematic analyses to identify key dimensions from the narratives, and grouped them into positive-effect and negative-effect dimensions. Three positive-effect dimensions were (1) resilience and healthcare leadership competencies, (2) work support system, and (3) family-and-friend support system. Six negative-effect dimensions were (1) lack of federal leadership and coordination, (2) unhealthy work conditions, (3) caring for the critically ill, (4) inequity in work-location arrangements, (5) frustrated and angry patients and families, and (6) increased workload. Healthcare policymakers and industry leaders must pay immediate attention to the Quintuple Aim's 4th and 5th aims to a ddress healthcare workers' burnout and wellness, and inequity within the healthcare workforce.