Climate change and trade are two separate realms that inevitably interact with each other. Trade, representing more than half of global GDP by some accounts, may play a pivotal role in efforts to combat climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The WTO Agreements were not specifically composed for climate change purposes. Labelling and international standards may be used as a trade tool whose application may influence consumer preferences and shift markets. In the context of climate change, labelling may effectively inform consumers about international standards and, in particular, the carbon footprint of products. In the context of WTO Agreements, labelling is governed by the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). This article investigates the compatibility of the TBT Agreement in governing labelling aimed at mitigating climate change and it elaborates tensions at the nexus between climate change and trade in the context of labelling. This article eventually argues that climate change, labelling, international standards and the TBT Agreement can be in harmony. Further arrangements, which will close more gaps in the relation between the TBT Agreement and measures aimed at combating climate change, are required to alleviate (possible) tensions in practice.


The concept of sustainability shows many facets. Ecologists, environmentalists, agronomists, sociologists, economists and politicians use it with different connotations. In addition, the sustainability of land management systems varies in space, according to climate, soil, technology and societal conditions. Sustainable farming systems vary also in time, as they evolve and may collapse, frequently together with the corresponding sociosystems. Because of its complexity, sustainability is difficult to measure directly and requires the use of appropriate indicators for assessment. A good indicator is free of bias, sensitive to temporal changes and spatial variability, predictive and referenced to threshold values. Relevant data are often incomplete or inadequate for indicator implementation. To embrace the whole width of sustainability, several methods and techniques should be used concurrently, including land evaluation and coevolutionary, retrospective and knowledge-based approaches. It is, however, at the...


Objective: To observe the clinical efficiency of Levofloxacin ivgtt qd and bid in urinary system infection under the guide of PK/PD parameters theory.Methods: 86 cases of patients with urinary system infection were randomly divided into two groups,43 cases of patients in treatment group with Levofloxacin 400 mg ivgtt qd;43 cases of patients in control group with Levofloxacin 200 mg ivgtt bid.Results: The counting of WBC in urine and blood,neutrocyte in blood and the case of patients whose temperature over 37℃ after 3 days using of Levofloxacin,were significantly different between the two groups(P0.05).The efficiency rate of treatment group was 95.3% and 83.7% in control group.Conclusion: Levofloxacin ivgtt qd has a better curative effect than ivgtt bid in patients of urinary tract infections.


A line of travelling-wave semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) based on heterostructures used for production of broadband superluminescent diodes is developed. The pure small-signal gains of the developed SOA modules are about , while the gain bandwidths at a level of reach . As a whole, the SOA modules cover the IR spectral range from 750 to . The SOAs demonstrate a high reliability at a single-mode fibre-coupled cw output power up to . Examples of application of two of the developed SOA modules as active elements of broadband fast-tunable lasers are presented.


Internationally the electricity supply industry has experienced changes in the way that energy is supplied. In recent years this has seen an increasing number of distributed energy sources appearing on the grid. As this change continues there will be a move from ,,many loads-few sources" to the new concept of ,,many loads-many sources". This phenomenon has been termed as Highly Distributed Power System (HDPS) concept. In this paper the particular aspects of a HDPS are described and the difference between traditional dispatching systems and new dispatching system for HDPS are discussed. The new dispatching system will utilise concepts from Multi-State System (MSS) concepts as a basis. MSS will be briefly explained and finally, the potential alternative approaches have been discussed. Index Terms-- Dispatching system, Economic dispatch, Highly Distributed Power System (HDPS), Multi-State System (MSS), Series-parallel system structure, Unit commitment.


This paper introduces the phenomena of starting frequently of the refrigerating compressor on board the ship;then it analyzes the causes and gives some methods for the reference. [


Carcinoids are the most common neuroendocrine tumors, which arise commonly in the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. Breast carcinoid is rare and may be primary or metastatic. Primary breast carcinoids account for <1% of primary breast cancer and can be mistaken with other primary breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis can be useful in diagnosis. Here we reported a 78 years old women with right breast mass. Mass resected and patient worked up for extramammary origin. Finally primary breast carcinoid tumor was diagnosed for the patient and modified radical mastectomy and axillary node dissection performed. No adjuvant therapy was used .


During his exile in Japan,Liang Qi-chao's understanding of Chinese citizens' character changed.His thoughts about national education had the following traits: first,nationalism as the first ism but cut in openly with personal problems;second,emphasizing "using the new to conserve the old" "reconciling the exotic by the domestic" "converting slaves to citizens" under the then national situation;third,reforming citizens' character by reforming education and rebuilding the nation by reforming citizens' character,which had a strong sense of culture enlightenment.


Could you be the next qualified physiotherapist to join our dedicated and enthusiastic team? Find out more at our open event.


Epidermal growth factor receptor is becoming a perfect target to kill carcinoma cells specially because of its overexpression on the surface of carcinoma cells and Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAP) have special membrane-lytic cytotoxicity mechanism. In this study, the membrane-lytic immunotoxin (IT), named as the chimeric protein MEGFMEL, composed of mouse (Mus musculus) epidermal growth factor (MEGF) as targeting part and melittin (MEL) as cytotoxic part, was constructed to kill carcinoma cells by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression. Using Escherichia coli BL21 as expression strain and pET30a as expression vector, through low-temperature inducing expression and thawing and freezing purification without cytolysis procedure, the MEGFMEL obtained was of 63.45 μg/mL concentration and 68% purity. In vitro activity measurement showed that the interested MEGFMEL had significant killing effect to A431 cell of liver carcinoma which overexpresses EGFR on its surface, with LD50 value 52.6 μg/mL. The results demonstrated that using CAP as toxic part to construct the unique membrane-lytic IT aiming at EGFR is feasible.


Peculiarities of the analysis of the attack against Pearl Harbor in the battle reports are considered in the article. Influence of the first information about the attack on the subsequent estimations of the military men, and influence of the admiral Kimmel reports on the American military men reports under the date of 1941-1942 is studied.


Abstract J.D. Kettele [2], using dynamic programming, developed a simple algorithm (KA) for the optimal redundancy problem in reliability and life testing problems with a single constraint. F. Proschan and T.B. Bray [3] gave a generalization of Kettele's dynamic programming algorithm to include multiple constraints. To solve a much broader class of optimization problems than in [2], R.E. Barlow and F. Proschan generalized the Kettele algorithm (GKA) to apply to strictly increasing separable function problems with a single constraint [1]. In this paper, we consider a still more general optimization model and develop a Further Generalized Kettele Algorithm (FGKA) to apply to multiple constraints, etc. As an example, an integer Lexicographic programming model will be solved (corollary 1, section 2). Furthermore, another form of the more general optimization model is pointed out in section 4 of the paper.


We have fabricated ultra-narrow (sub-10 nm) short channel (100 nm) silicon (Si) nanowire transistors with atomically flat interfaces based on Si-on-Insulator (SOI) substrates. The raised source and drain electrodes were patterned together with the gate electrode. The smaller threshold voltage in the narrower nanowire suggests self-limiting oxidation during the gate oxide formation.


The valuation of the stock is one of the most fundamental financial concepts, whereas the Dividend Discount Model is the basis of the stock valuation. The model state that the value of the stock is the sum of the present value of the infinite future dividend. It is, however, impossible for Humans to forecast future dividend accurately. Therefore, the assumption of the future dividend and the extension of the dividend discount model are required. In this paper, the assumption, advantages, and limitations of the general Dividend discount model and its extension, including the Fix dividend discount model, Gordon growth model, Two-stage model, Three-phase model, H-model, Geometric and additive model, and the modified Geometric and additive model, are introduced in this paper, which can be used as a reference for the investors for them to make their financial decision or for the scholars for their researches.


There are many ways to construct an incentive program. However, most compensation plans tend to be focused on profitability and profitability‐related accomplishments with little or no incentive for corporate social responsibility. Director's compensation continues to climb with the United States leading and Britain following modestly behind. The question as to where fair pay ends and over‐compensation begins – and what that means for the community – is rarely raised. In order to understand the impact of fair and over‐compensated director's pay on other stakeholders, a geo‐political perspective is proposed that builds on knowledge of existing theories of the firm.


The ultraviolet spectrum of AlH has been investigated at high resolution between 42 000 and 45 000 cm � 1 using a conventional spectroscopic technique. The AlH molecules were formed and excited in an aluminium hollow-cathode lamp with two anodes, filled with a mixture of Ne carried gas and a trace of NH3. The emission from the discharge was observed with a plane grating spectrograph and recorded by a photomultiplier tube. The 0–0, 1–1 and 1–2 bands of the C


Describing the uneasy evolution of America's welfare programs, Berkowitz explains how Social Security became popular, why it almost went bankrupt, and why its long-term prospects for solvency remain uncertain. He also explores the question of national health insurance, noting that the U.S. outspends Japan on health care per capita by a margin of two to one, and yet millions of Americans remain without health insurance.


Park is an important population and industry gathering area in a city, and a popular scene in theoretical research and technical application of automatic driving. Decision-making, path planning and control are the core technologies. Due to cost and safety issues, automatic driving has not been widely used for park applications. In this paper, a decision-making model is devised based on finite state machine (FSM), a local path planner is designed based on Bézier curve and the lateral and longitudinal control method is realized on GAC Aion LX. This decision-making system for low speed automatic driving in the park is tested. Results demonstrate its accuracy and reliability.


Brian Robinson: Pacific Crosscurrents surveys the broader Pacific influences in the contemporary art of Torres Strait Island-based artist Brian Robinson. It examines the artist's biographical Pacific connections, his art practice of responding to museum collections of Pacific cultural material, the signs and symbols in these artworks that express Pacific crosscurrents.


A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(MBA) TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL.
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA, NIGERIA.


For unstable characteristics of helicopter critical system rolling bearing signal and low accuracy of fault diagnosis classification, a new method about fault diagnosis is proposed. Firstly, proposing the new method about variational mode decomposition (VMD) based on the Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) adaptive decomposition. The proposed method can effectively overcome the problem that traditional VMD methods requiring prior artificial setting of input parameters may lead to poor signal decomposition; Then combine the convolutional neural networks (CNN) strong feature extraction capability and support vector machine (SVM) good feature classification capability, The CNN_SVM model was constructed to fault diagnosis the rolling bearing signal decomposed by VMD. The effectiveness of this method is verified on bearing dataset from the laboratory. The results show that this paper proposed method has good diagnostic results and high recognition accuracy, and deep learning model has strong model stability and robust ability.


To reduce the differential settlement of pile group foundations, a squeezed-branch pile group optimization method based on an improved particle swarm algorithm is proposed in this paper. This method translates the problems of optimization design in the squeezed-branch pile group into the pile-bearing-plate distribution using the theory of variable-stiffness leveling. In the optimization process, the pile group is divided into groups according to the top axial force of the pile. The finite element analysis software is used to solve the pile group under the control of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, with the objective functions of bearing-plate number, vertical bearing capacity, settlement value and settlement difference as the constraint conditions. An engineering example is used to verify this method. The results show that the optimized design can reduce the settlement difference by 39%, while the number of the bearing plate is reduced by 56%, which makes the deformation and force of the pile group more uniform and is conducive to the normal use of the structure.


In this paper,the mostly parts have pointed out using the numerical analysis to study temperature field and stress field of welding joint.The main content comes down to such aspect as follow: the type and characteristic of welding heat input model,the establishing of calculate equation of welding heat recycle,the selecting and analysis of boundary condition,the measurement of validation test.This article has also pointed out what must be taken into account when using the numerical analysis on the stress and distortion calculation on welding joint.


In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "I watched as the white station wagon pulled into the Burger King parking lot and eased into the handicapped parking space. It was 1:04 p.m. and twenty-five seconds when the young man sitting shotgun opened the door. The woman driver was dressed in retro winter clothes, an old long blue coat, knitted blue hat and cheap denims and sneaks. She carefully removed a small metal walker from the trunk." Cover Page Footnote "Third Prize" Appeared in the issue: March 2001. This prose is available in The Angle: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/angle/vol2001/iss2/4 Third Prize Mike Bailey From the corner of my eye while sitting at Burger King, | figured out life. I watched as the wirite station wagon pulled into the Burger Kind parking lot and eased into the handicapped puking space. lt was 1:04 p.m. and t$renty-fve seconds wtren the young man sitting shotgun opened the door. The woman driver was dressed in retro winter clothes, an old long blue coat, knitted blue hat and cheap denims and sneaks. She carefully removed a small metal walker from the trunk. the young man held onto her arm for dear lih as she helped him to his fragile, turned in feet. Each step was a battle. Ihe expression on his hce became a liftle more intense with each inch his feet moved. Ihe dusting of sno,v and ice did not help his cause much. 1 :08 p.m. and fifteen seconds, Ihe retro r,rornan took a drag from what appeared to be a Misty cigarette as this young man struggled to reach the front door. He was only halfrray there. His slorv progress confused customers pulling in, as they were unsure whether to wait for him or go around. Ihey all went around. I watched as his neck b€gan to drop and his grip on the wdka tightened. t ate my freshly baked onion rinp, wondering if he needed a hand. lhe curb a{acent to the fiont door was covered in snovv and slush and rvas sure to po6e yet another problem. With the last bite of my Whoppa.lR. I smiled before swallorving as my nar insprintion conquered this huge task and had t$/o othausted feet on the sidewalk. He was almost there. 1:1 1 p.m. and eight seconds said my watch as I held the door for this wanior and his companion. "Ihanla," he said between gasps for cold air. "My pleasure," I replied, watching his knees tremble. "You knor you should really start using your wtreelchair," his sidekick said. 'Why? My legs work," he confidently answered. "And besides, what's the hurry?" I took the long way back to school after eating Burgef King that day. I wasn't in any hurry. 1 Bailey: From the corner of my eye while sitting at Burger King, I figured out life Published by Fisher Digital Publications, 2001


Abstract This work developed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an effective adsorbent for phosphorus removal. The influence of various factors on the efficiency of phosphorus removal, such as the typ...


Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03 was observed to decolorize the azo dye Congo red in synthetic wastewater. The influence of some factors on the dye decolorization efficiency was evaluated. The optimal decolorization conditions were temperature 30-35 °C, pH 10.0, incubation time 10 h, and static condition. The kinetic of Congo red decolorization fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model (Vmax = 111.11 mg L-1 h-1 and Km = 448.3 mg L-1). The bacterium was also able to degrade benzidine, a product of azo bond breakage of the Congo red, which contributed to reduce the phytotoxicity. The ability of S. xiamenensis G5-03 for simultaneous decolorization and degradation of Congo red shows its potential application for the biological treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes.


A formal [4 + 2] annulation of diamines and prop-2-ynyl sulfonium salts was developed. This strategy enables efficient access to tetrahydroquinoxalines in excellent yields.


Taking the construction of the new Xiaqincun Village, Suburb of Changzhi City, as the example, and connecting with the local actual situation, this paper searches an effective path for constructing the new countryside through integrating the resources and subsidizing the agriculture with the coal from how to carry out the policy of that the industry compensates the agriculture and the city supports the countryside.


Implications of the significant mixing, observed by the ARGUS collaboration, on our present understanding of nature are discussed. Our emphasis is on the consequences of the standard model with a heavy top quark. We discuss also the future prospects of the observation of CP violation in B decays.


Of the 55 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma (PAC) operated on in 1991 in Tenri Hospital, 32 (58.2%) had PAC discovered during medical examinations for non-thyroid complaints (NTC), 19 patients (34.5%) were examined for thyroid complaints (TC), and 4 because of foreign body sensation of the larynx. We compared the TC and NTC patients.The average diameter of the thyroid nodule in the TC patients was 34 mm and that of the NTC patients was 14 mm, a significant difference. In the NTC patients the incidence of lymphnode metastasis or extra-thyroid invasion was 7.1%, and in the TC patients it was 26.3%. The incidence of lymphnode metastasis was not a significantly different between the two groups, but the incidence of lymphnode metastasis beyond the central nodes was 42.1% in the TC patients and 12.5% in the NTC patients. Therefore, palpation of the neck is very important for the early detection of PAC.


Abstract Tytthonyx milleri Ivie, Fanti, and Ferreira, new species (Cantharidae, Tytthonyxini) is described from Miocene Dominican amber. The new species is compared with the other two described fossil taxa of the genus, as well as two additional, undescribed Dominican amber cantharid species, and their morphology is discussed. A comparison of extant and fossil Tytthonyx LeConte and Caccodes Sharp is given.


The build-to-order supply chain strategy is Relatively new, and hock got attention of Researchers and Industry, with Successful Implementation in Many Industries and companies, like Dell Computers, ...


This paper presents operation,structural composition and design method of air- cushion floating devices, as well as application in hoisting and conveying machinery.Compared to traditional handling devices,air-cushion floating ones can improve handling capacity effectively and find more and more application,especially in narrow,twisting or low head room environments.


Recently, Joliveau et al. [Nature 427, 116 (2004)] have studied the frequency distance between R1 resonance frequency and f0 of sopranos singing in English. Whereas at low‐pitch singing this resonance frequency was roughly constant, at high‐pitch singing R1 followed f0. This tendency held for vowels without lip rounding but not for those with lip rounding. Using CSRE45, at National School of Music of UNAM in Mexico City, R1 and R2 of the five tonic vowels (/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/) of Spanish words extracted from a traditional Mexican children's song spoken or sung by 11 native‐speaking sopranos with an average of 5 years of classical operatic training were analyzed. While speaking or singing at low or mid pitch, either resonance frequency fell within the distribution characteristic of each vowel, forming clusters. However, when singing at high pitch, there was a constant interval difference, irrespective of singer, between R1 and R2 of every vowel. Since it has a simple vowel system, and the frequency sep...


Butterfly is the insect that the existence is determined by the ability of their distribution and adaptation towards the environmental factor. The decrease of the plant species diversity in a habitat will affect the diversity of the butterfly species. One of the buterflies habitat which experinces the degradation of species diversity is Resort Bandealit which some parts of the region are designated as the habitat of Invasive plants. The aim of this study is to know the composition and diversity of butterfly species in the pringtali Savannah Resort Bandealit Meru Betiri national park. The method used in the data collection is the road sampling method. The road sampling method is done by walking and counting spesimen which were collect by active collection. Exploration is carried out by walking along the five cruise lines with a length of each path is 100 m in Savana Pringtali Meru Betiri National Park. The composition and diversity species of butterfly is a 11 species represented from 3 family and 10 genus. The four most common species of butterflies found in the study area are Jamides pura, Ypthima Philomela, Leptosia nina, and Eurema hecabe.


This study was performed to measure the thermal diffusivity of different types of nanocarbon composites. Thermoexfoliated graphite (TEG), ultrasonically dispersed TEG, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used as fillers in epoxy polymer matrixes. The nanocarbon filler content was 1-10 wt%. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity were extensively characterized in the temperature range between 150 and 425 K. For this purpose, the thermal diffusivity of the composites was investigated by two experimental methods: dynamic λ-calorimeter and photoacoustic. The comparative analysis of thermal diffusivity of compacted TEG samples with different densities and of nanocarbon-epoxy with different filler content was carried out. It was found that for the composites with a low distribution of the nanocarbon filler, the thermal diffusivity increases and that the value is determined by the structural and morphological properties of the filler. The orientation function for the TEG-epoxy composites and the compact TEG samples differs due to the epoxy matrix that reduced anisotropy of the composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 32:14-17, 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.


This chapter presents an extension of the scope of fictional writings that have been previously considered under the aegis of late modernism and some dialogical qualification of the historicizing framework implied by that term. A key development in recent criticism and the historical study of modernism is the steady increase in the number, complexity, and specificity of narratives about modernism's development. Moreover, a certain historiographic 'constructivism' has become necessary to account for and mediate between overlapping, complementary, and somewhat contradictory histories of modernist culture with different national, linguistic, temporal, gender, and ethnic boundaries. This chapter places new emphasis on the positive role of late modernism in bridging the literary changes of mid-century, and accordingly downplay the idea of a putative 'postmodernism' on the other shore of a late modernist 'transition'. It argues that late modernism embodies a paradoxically enduring mode of progress-in-ending.


Objective To improve diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism(PE) through analyzing the clinical features and modalities of its diagnosis and therapy.Methods The clinical data of 106 PE cases treated in Tongji Hospital were reviewed.Results With more and more cases having been diagnosed in recent years,PE patients were recognized that it was associated with a number of risks including venous thrombosis,the most frequent risk factor.The clinical symptoms and signs of PE were usually nonspecific,as 90.6% cases showing common symptom of dyspnea.To diagnose PE,physicians could use various examinations including ventilation/perfusion scan,pulmonary angiography,and helical computerized tomography of thorax.Of the 106 cases with PE,12 received thrombolytic therapy,10 survived and 2 died;11 received catheter-based thrombus fragmentation in combination with local fibrinolysis,9 survived and 2 died;83 received anticoagulant therapy,74 survived and 9 died.Conclusion Medical professionals should improve the recognition of clinical features,which is important to get earlier and precise diagnosis and decrease the mortality and misdiagnosis.These measures,including ventilation/perfusion scan,helical computerized tomography of thorax,pulmonary angiography,are the effective ways to diagnose this disease.Suitable treatment strategy is positive to improve the prognosis.


In the present paper,the author elicits 8 listening comprehension problems frequently faced by the college students in their daily English learning by interview and their introspection.Then the problems are categorized upon the three-phase model of language comprehension proposed by Anderson and investigated in terms of the relative cognitive theories.Finally,several suggestions based upon the present investigation are offered to college English teaching.


Life in the Digital Age is automatically required by someone not to be out of date with a device or device such as a computer or laptop. Data and information even the basic needs of a student can be said to have been stored in a system called a digital system. Everything is available in one system that can and is freely accessed by anyone. as a teacher in utilizing sophisticated tools in this digital age, it is demanded to adjust and apply in the form of a learning as the medium. So one of the things that can be used by a teacher is to use Microsoft Power Point program as a medium in innovating a learning. This paper aims to develop an Arabic learning media by using Microsoft Power Point program as a medium in learning Arabic proficiency.


This paper makes an introduction to the concept, characteristics of cost-benefit, advances the formation of costs. After analyzing the cost of per time and the tangible cost, the authors make a probe into the intangible cost of the book collection in university libraries.


The present study examines the potential and limits of strategic human resources management in the German civil service by analyzing the cases of the lander of Berlin and Hamburg. Against the background of a decline in the working population and the diminishing attractiveness of careers in the civil service, only a state-of-the-art human resources management can ensure the performance of the public sector in the long run. The study demonstrates how an ageing workforce is bound to lead to a reduced performance of the civil service sector. Both of the lander analyzed are already confronted with a shortage of skilled labour for technical posts, but also for teachers and doctors. These challenges are going to be further exacerbated by massive waves of retirement and a constantly ageing employee workforce in the years from 2015 forward. The study reveals, however, that the civil service of Hamburg has developed and successfully applies a progressive human resources management strategy, due in part to the city's rather long history of civil service modernization and the relative power of its human resources planners. Hamburg therefore seems to be rather well adjusted to face the future demographic challenges. Human resources management in Berlin, on the contrary, is continually limited by the city's chronic budget deficit and the plurality of human resources planners. The subsequent lack of a long-term human resources strategy casts considerable doubt on the future performance of Berlin's civil service.


The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, especially belongs to the field of plant seedling growing and discloses a leaf vegetable cultivation matrix and a preparation method thereof. Aiming at filling in gap of use of fermentation bed waste padding in a leaf vegetable cultivation matrix, the invention provides a method for preparing a leaf vegetable cultivation matrix from fermentation bed waste padding and the leaf vegetable cultivation matrix obtained by the method. The leaf vegetable cultivation matrix is prepared from fermentation bed waste padding, vermiculite, perlite and vegetable garden soil by mixing. The leaf vegetable cultivation matrix and the preparation method realize recovery and recycle of fermentation bed waste padding thereby realizing change of waste into valuables.


This paper presents the experimental and theoretical results of a study of the interaction of pulsed laser radiation with thick composite media containing nanoparticles of vanadium dioxide (VO2). It is established that the reversible semiconductor-metal phase transition that occurs in the VO2 nanoparticles under the action of radiation can produce self-focusing of the mid-IR radiation by the formation of a photoinduced dynamic lens. An analysis is carried out of how the radiation intensity affects the dynamics of the given process.


Abstract At the beginning of the 1980s, the first reports of surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRS) surfaced. Probably due to signal-enhancement factors of only 101 to 103, which are modest compared to those of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), SEIRS did not reach the same significance up to date. However, taking the compared to Raman scattering much larger cross-sections of infrared absorptions and the enhancement factors together, SEIRS reaches about the same sensitivity for molecular species on a surface in terms of the cross-sections as SERS and, due to the complementary nature of both techniques, can valuably augment information gained by SERS. For the first 20 years since its discovery, SEIRS relied completely on metal island films, fabricated by either vapor or electrochemical deposition. The resulting films showed a strong variance concerning their structure, which was essentially random. Therefore, the increase in the corresponding signal-enhancement factors of these structures stagnated in the last years. In the very same years, however, the development of periodic array-based substrates helped SEIRS to gather momentum. This development was supported by technological progress concerning electromagnetic field solvers, which help to understand plasmonic properties and allow targeted design. In addition, the strong progress concerning modern fabrication methods allowed to implement these designs into practice. The aim of this contribution is to critically review the development of these engineered surfaces for SEIRS, to compare the different approaches with regard to their performance where possible, and report further gain of knowledge around and in relation to these structures.


The Vulcan coupling, which AG Weser has been using in association with Diesel engine gearing for many years, has contributed greatly to the successful application of the medium-speed engine for ship propulsion. After mentioning some examples of the application of the Vulcan coupling in high-power multi-engine installations, the Author lists the advantages of this coupling, and describes its method of operation (it works on the Fottinger principle) and its design and construction. For ships that operate in ice (or in other difficult conditions), this fluid coupling can be equipped with a slipping arrangement that allows the engine to develop maximum torque at the most favourable rpm while the propeller operates at the corresponding torque and reduced rpm. A device can be added to ensure rapid uncoupling (by emptying the coupling within one second) if the propeller should become blocked by ice. These arrangements are briefly described. Order from BSRA as No. 52,322.


The recent interest in β^− radionuclides for radio-guided surgery derives from the feature of the β radiation to release energy in few millimeters of tissue. Such feature can be used to locate residual tumors with a probe located in its immediate vicinity, determining the resection margins with an accuracy of millimeters. The drawback of this technique is that it does not allow to identify tumors hidden in more than few mm of tissue. Conversely, the bremsstrahlung X-rays emitted by the interaction of the β− radiation with the nuclei of the tissue are relatively penetrating. To complement the β− probes, we have therefore developed a detector based on cadmium telluride, an X-ray detector with a high quantum efficiency working at room temperature. We measured the secondary emission of bremsstrahlung photons in a target of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with a density similar to living tissue. The results show that this device allows to detect a 1 ml residual or lymph-node with an activity of 1 kBq hidden under a layer of 10 mm of PMMA with a 3:1 signal to noise, i.e. with a five sigma discrimination in less than 5 s.


"No Place Like Home," "No Place to Call Home" It is highly fitting that the new Palgrave Macmillan series Geocriticism and Spatial Literary Studies should feature a collection on Edgar Allan Poe, not because Poe is tied to a specific locale in literary histories, but precisely because he has been seen as the "nowhere man" of American literature (Hutchisson 13), which is why his writings engage so saliently with imaginary spaces endowed with compelling reality effects (Poe's Paris), with space...


We apply the tree expansion to the polynomial self-interacting quantum fields in two dimension. In the range of small coupling constants, we show that the expansion is also convergent when the full propagator is considered and the theory is regularized by normal ordering. Explicit estimates of the convergency ranges are given.


Five bar planar mechanism has degree of freedom two. Hence constraint should be provided to reduce the degree of freedom to one. Thus it becomes a tractable problem. The software model of this mechanism helps the user to visualize the motion curves generated. In the simulation of planar five bar mechanism, the objective is to calculate the positions of all the links which are rigid bodies. There can be two input links. By adding a new constraint to conventional five bar motion generation model, the degree of freedom is reduced to one. This five bar constrained mechanism generates a family of curves. The software model allows the user to actually input the mechanism and generate the motion curve. The model indicates the locking positions and user can modify the dimensions.


The feature and evolution mechanisms of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) SST anomalies during Indian Ocean Dipole ocean general circulation model. The vertical heat advection is the major contribution to the peak of southeastern TIO negative SST anomalies. The equatorial western TIO is warmed by surface heat flux, while horizontal and vertical heat advections are responsible for the off-equatorial warming. Then the negative surface heat flux anomalies and the negative vertical heat advection anomalies take over for the cooling of the western and eastern TIO, respectively.


With the economic development of the social cultural and ideological progress, the importance of cultural consumption to the social development is causing more and more attention of the public. Compared with other consumptions, cultural consumption has its own characteristics. Taking the present problems of cultural consumption into consideration, this article stresses enhancing the sense of cultural consumption in theory and advocating positive guidance in practice, based on the analysis of the relationship between the cultural consumption and the ideological activities. Policies and suggestions are forwarded from the perspectives of ensuring the reasonable structure of cultural consumption of the society, increasing the cultural consumption quality and promoting the building up and full development of culture and ethics.


Leukemia is familiar as the cancer of the bone marrow. Bone marrow is known as the spongy tissue which creates blood cells. That's why for blood cell productivity problems, Leukemia can boost heavily. It generally impacts the leukocytes or white blood cells. And also it grows gradually in human bodies. Both children and adults can be affected by leukemia. In this research, our objective is to detect leukemia applying Machine Learning algorithms, which can help medical science to detect leukemia. Therefore, we need a system to decide to detect Leukemia. That's why we propose some well-known algorithms to compare accuracy to detect Leukemia in our study. We have used some different types of machine learning algorithms like Decision Tree, Logistic Regression and Random Forest algorithm to get the result that a patient is a cancer patient or not. We collected our data from Z H Shikder Medical College and Hospital, which includes 401 data in our dataset. Among the algorithms, the Decision tree algorithm gives the best result with 84.15% accuracy of prediction. In this paper, we show the comparative results analyzing different algorithms precision, recall and F1 score for our all data samples. We also try to extract rules from features with the help of Apriori algorithm and association rule.


Objective To find out the situation of gynecological investigation of retiree and women with financial difficulties in Gaoqiao community,enhance their awareness of gynecological disease prevention,improve women's health care quality.Methods We carried out investigation and treatment to merried women who were retired or had financial difficulties,and then analyzed the clinical data.Results In this research of 2 727 women,hysteromyoma had the highest prevalence rate(average rate was 23.95%),old wome with 40 to 60 years had much higher prevalence rate(25.26%) than any other age groups,lower or higher than this age group this rate declined gradually;the second was proliferative breast disease,its average rate was 19.99%.Conclusion Gynecological investigation and treatment to retirees and women with financial difficulties and available intervention can benefit women's physical and mental health.


This study examines the capability of various optimization algorithms and proposes novel hybrid algorithms for more precise prediction of open-edge cracks in cantilever beams. The natural frequencies of the beam with a crack are obtained by modal analysis and experimentally validated by impact testing. The performance of Harris hawk optimization (HHO), electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA), pathfinder algorithm (PFA) and Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO) algorithms from the literature is evaluated to determine the location and depth of an open-edge crack for an Euler–Bernoulli beam. Then, hybrid algorithms (HHO-NM, ESDA-NM and PF-NM) are proposed to improve the results of the aforementioned algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid algorithms yield much more precise results with fewer function evaluations than the previously introduced algorithms and, therefore, have superior crack detection capability. Statistical post hoc analysis shows that the proposed hybrid algorithm can be considered a high-performance algorithm, which can significantly improve the efficiency of crack detection applications.


Disclaimer Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the IIIS. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may only be downloaded for personal use only. Abstract We use a panel of more than 100 countries for the period 1980 to 2002 to analyse the relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and wage inequality. We particularly check whether this relationship is non-linear, in line with a theoretical discussion. We find that the effect of FDI differs according to the level of development: we depict two different patterns, one for OECD (developed) and one for non-OECD (developing) countries. Results suggest the presence of a non linear effect in developing countries; wage inequality increases with FDI inward stock but this effect diminishes with further increases in FDI. For developed countries, wage inequality decreases with FDI inward stock and there is no robust evidence to show that this effect is non-linear.


The 4th World Congress on Patient Safety & Quality Healthcare (Patient Safety -2019) hosted by Conference Series took place at Mercure Wien Westbahnhof, Vienna, Austria during June 27-28, 2019. It was organized by Conference Series and generous response was received from the Editorial Board Members of our Group Journals as well as from eminent scientists, talented researchers and young student community. Researchers and students who attended from different parts of the world made the conference one of the most successful and productive events in 2019 from Conference Series


Fukuzawa was a modern thinker of the Enlightenment and an outstanding well-known educator in Japan.In his idea of education,we should learn from today's ideological and ethical education: views on equality education which thought man's right was endwoed by god;Harmonious in development to improve students'moral qualities,intellectual ability,physical fitness;"Trinity"of the concept of environment;To promote"learning of science"to cultivate"independence",and so on.


Blending the existing polymers have an added advantage over the conventional polymers. However, compatibility of the materials is a problem. In this study, metacrylate butadiene styrene (MBS) and polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were added as a single compatibilizer on polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blends (PC/ABS). The effects of the compatibilizer addition on the mechanical and morphological properties were investigated. The PC/ABS blends were prepared in various compositions of 70/30, 60/40, 50/50 with fixed 2 phr MBS or PP-g-MA. PC/ABS blends were prepared by using twin-screw extruder, and test samples by injection molding. Results indicated that MBS exhibited higher tensile strength, hardness, and density, but lower impact strength and elongation compared with PP-g-MA. The tensile strength, elongation, and hardness tended to increase with increasing PC content; however, the impact strength was almost the same. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed that PC/ABS blend compatibilized with PP-g-MA was more porous than the one with MBS. Based on the results, it was found that PP-g-MA was a more effective compatibilizer for the PC/ABS 70/30 blend than MBS. The values of tensile strength, hardness, elongation, density, and impact strength were 602 kg/cm2, 79.1 Shore A, 15.3 %, 1.05 g/cm3, and 5.5 kgf/cm respectively.


The antioxidant effects of Artemisia capillaris fractions against reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by measuring scavenging activities against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide (O  2− ), hydroxyl (HO·) and 2 nitric oxide (NO·) radical. Among five solvent fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents as 648.75 and 89.09 μg/mg, respectively. Also, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest scavenging activity; the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50, μg/mg) value for DPPH, O  2− , HO· and NO· radical scavenging were 4.76, 31.54, 69.34 and 74.63, respectively. Additionally, the highest inhibition of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation was observed by ethyl acetate fraction. Except for free radical‐mediated protein damage, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest scavenging activity. The effect of Artemisia capillaris fractions on cell viability and DNA damage induced by H2O2 in Raw 264.7 cell were also evaluated by MTT and comet assay, respectively. The protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction, as indicated by cell viability increasing 71% and DNA breakage decreasing 51% as compared with H2O2 ‐treated positive control. These results suggest that ethyl acetate fraction possess significant ROS scavenging and protective effect against oxidative DNA damage.


This article examines the origins and development of the southern borders of Mongolia and historical changes, in the second half of the last century, the "Border Agreement between the People's Republic of Mongolia and the People's Republic of China", one of the major events in the history of Mongolia, was successfully concluded, when and how the process of demarcating the southern border, the historical merits of its participants, the difficulties of demarcating the border, and how to ensure the security of the southern border, the demarcation of the border on the ground under the agreement will have a significant impact not only on the security of the two countries, but also on regional relations, as well as their contribution to the economic and social development of the country.


Chick-a-dee calls of Poecile (chickadee) and Baeolophus (titmouse) species are complex in terms of the structural composition of note types and the diversity of messages. Studies so far have mainly focused on the calls of various chickadee and just one titmouse species—the tufted titmouse (B. bicolor). To begin to address this lack of titmouse data, our study investigated variation in note composition of calls of bridled titmice (B. wollweberi). We obtained calls from 26 flocks in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona in the overwintering flocking period. Bridled titmice produce proportionally more non-combinatorial call variants than combinatorial call variants. The number of the single noted calls furthermore exceeded the number of multinote calls. In general, structural variation in the combinatorial calls appears to be comparable to calls of better-studied chickadees and of tufted titmice, although bridled titmice appear to have a unique call length distribution. We also analyzed some behavioral associations with call variation and found that flight behavior and close interactions between individuals were associated with use of specific note types. Finally, we found microgeographic variation in note type use in these calls. We discuss some possible explanations for call complexity in this species.


The 2-D Real-valued Discrete Gabor Transform(2D RDGT)based on DHT and its fast algorithm is firstly introduced in this paper. The performance differences between 2D RDGT and 2D DCT, 2D RDGT and wavelet transform in image compression and coding are compared, which demonstrates that the 2-D RDGT is more attractive in the recovery ofimage details, so it is surely useful in image recognition and texture segmentation.


Background: While corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a field of study that has gained popularity in the last years, the approaches of small and medium enterprises' (SME) contributions to social responsibility are under debate. Moreover, studies on Romanian CSR demonstrate the incremental development of such practices, while the social responsibility of Romanian small business is an understudied topic. In this paper we present data regarding the role of owner-managers in shaping the CSR actions of their SMEs in Romania, along with their opinions on what social responsibility is. Methods: We analyze two sources of data: quantitative research, based on 109 questionnaires collected from SMEs in the western part of Romania, and also a qualitative study, based on 17 interviews with owner-managers of small businesses. The quantitative data presents the reality of social responsibility actions and the relationship with manager's attitudes, while the qualitative focuses on a better understanding of owner-managers opinions on social responsibility. Results: Our data confirms the high impact of owner-managers' values and orientations in shaping the degree and forms of the CSR of their firms, and reveals definitions of CSR given by practitioners. Conclusions: Our data reveals that the way managers' see the role of business in providing social welfare influences their decisions to participate in different types of CSR actions. Through interviews we show that managers, whether their firm has formal CSR actions or not, consider being fair and doing business at their best as part of CSR. Those that also displayed other forms of CSR are those who considered it their duty to give back to the community. The interest of stakeholders was displayed mostly by those who have incremental interest in CSR.


In this dissertation, we mainly focus on a kinetic Cucker–Smale–Fokker– Planck (CS-FP) type equation with a degenerate diffusion coefficient. The CS-FP equation is described in a differential equation for a probability distribution function f of the infinitely many Cucker–Smale flocking particles in a random environment. We will present a priori estimates for proving the global existence of classical solutions to the CS-FP equation. The global existence of classical solutions under a given sufficiently smooth initial datum will be obtained by applying sobolev embedding theorem to the a priori estimates and iterating the solutions of uniformly parabolic equations which approximates the CS-FP equation. We also present the Cucker-Smale-Kuramoto model which describes flocking and synchronization coupled phenomena. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic flocking and synchronization will be derived with the Lyapunov functional approach. We provide the numerical compuations for a special case to suggest the future works on clustering.


A software-synchronized all-optical sampling system requiring no clock-recovery is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. The synchronization algorithm is bit rate and modulation format independent and very robust towards severe signal degradations.


Info 2022 In autonomous drones, the drone's ability to move depends on the drone's capacity to know its position, either in relative or absolute position. The Pinhole model is one of the methods to calculate a drone's relative position based on the triangle similarity concept using a single camera. This method utilizes bounding box information generated from an object detection algorithm. Thus, accuracy of the generated bounding box is crucial, and selection of object detection algorithm is necessary. This paper compares and evaluates machine learning and deep learning object detection methods to determine which method is suitable for distance measurement using a single camera for autonomous drone's controller based on pinhole model. A novel K-nearest neighbours-based (KNN-based) object detection is constructed to represent the machine learning method while you only look once version 5 (YOLOv5) convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is selected to represent the deep learning method. A dataset consists of two different classes, with a total of 1520 images, collected from the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) camera for training and evaluation purposes. Confusion matrix and intersection over union (IoU)/generalized intersection of union (GIoU) matrix are used to evaluate the performance of both methods. The result of this paper shows the performance of each system and concludes the suitable type of object detection algorithm for the autonomous UAV paper, comparison between two object detection algorithms to determine distance for UAV autonomous controller using pinhole model is evaluated. Dataset with a total of 1,520 images is collected from UAV camera with two different classes (30 cm and 15 cm boxes) for training and evaluation purposes. The first algorithm is based on novel KNN-based object detection. In this system, the classification and localization process are done separately. Both processes are implemented using KNN classifier with color histogram feature extraction. The second algorithm is based on CNN one stage detector, i.e., YOLOv5 architecture. This system is a dense detector where the classification and localization process are implemented at the same time. The evaluation of both systems is done using confusion matrix and IoU/GIoU loss metrices. The confusion matrix result shows that the CNN classification is slightly better than KNN classifier while classifying between two classes (30 cm and 15 cm boxes). TP value of both classes in KNN classifier are 0.8 and 0.83 respectively. TP value of both classes in CNN classifier are 0.99. The IoU/GIoU result shows that CNN-based object detection is much better than KNN-based object detection. The IoU for KNN-based object detection is close to zero (the average value is 0.1156) while the GIoU for CNN-based object detection is close to one. While object detection is used to determine obstacle distance from the drone's position using triangle similarity concept in pinhole model, the accuracy of the bounding box


A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of Master of Science in Physics at Kenyatta University


Aims Hip fractures pose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Hyperglycaemia and a state of Type 2 diabetes exists post operatively. Being normoglycaemic has well documented benefits. Pre operative carbohydrate loading has been shown to have two good effects. It decrease hyperglycaemia post operatively and allows the patient to undergo less strict fasting protocols. Insulin resistance to date has not been examined in these patients and this was determined using a validated formula (HOMA/IR). Methods Three trauma hospitals were enrolled and patients with hip fractures requiring operative fixation were enlisted. Exclusion criteria: diabetic patients and inability to imbibe. 100 neck of femur fractures were examined. 46 patients were fasted normally. 32 test patients were given a carbohydrate rich drink pre operatively the night before surgery and in the morning up to 2 hours prior to surgery. 22 patients were excluded. Serum random glucose and insulin levels were taken on admission. Fasting serum glucose and insulin levels were taken on day one post operatively. Results Control vs Trial average age: 82y and 75y. Admission glucose levels for Control vs Pre Op Loading: 6.5 vs 6.77 mmol/l. The average post operative Control vs Pre Op Loading: Glucose: 7.59 mmol/l vs 6.23mmol/. HOMA/IR in the control vs Pre Op loading group were: 1.86 and 1.2 compared to Post Op readings of 12 and 2. Paired T Test shows that there is significant decrease in hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance (p Conclusions Pre operative carbohydrate loading leads to a decrease in hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance after surgery for hip fractures. Furthermore, patients are permitted a more liberal fasting regime leading to improved patient well being and less anxiety. The morbidity associated with a hyperglycaemic diabetic state is well documented and avoidance of this may lead to a decreased burden on the healthcare system.


The common issues of high dimensional gene expression data for survival analysis are that many of genes may not be relevant to their diseases. Gene selection has been proved to be an effective way to improve the result of many methods. The Cox proportional hazards regression model is the most popular model in regression analysis for censored survival data. In this paper, an adaptive penalized Cox proportional hazards regression model is proposed, with the aim of identification relevant genes and provides high classification accuracy, by combining the Cox proportional hazards regression model with the weighted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms two competitor methods in terms of the area under the curve and the number of the selected genes.


Against the backdrop of a lack of social engagement in South Africa's classrooms, this paper explores how nine pre-service student educators constructed stories of difference, belonging and identity in facilitated conversations around race relations in South Africa. As such it will contribute to an emerging field of research on pedagogical interventions that engage students in difficult conversations to create more socially just classrooms. Bamberg's (2012) positioning analysis for small stories was used as analytical tool. What transpired in this analysis was that students tended to position themselves first and foremost along racial lines, revealing their experiences of continuing academic and social segregation. Although students expressed a desire to overcome these divides, they struggled to visualise a world where black and white students could engage beyond their comfort zones, moving beyond the narratives with which they grow up.  Lugones' (1987) concept of world-travelling and her suggestion that world travelling might be more difficult for those who are at most ease in their lives, was useful to unpack and understand the different roles students performed. Students' stories also showed the importance of destabilising dominant understandings of subjectivity, by allowing the emergence of fragmented narratives in difficult conversations. Recommendations of how to use narratives to facilitate students' world travelling include the emphasis on intersectionality, fluidity and complexity in students' stories but also discuss the difficulties to facilitate such a process and the importance of self-reflexivity on the part of the facilitator.


This review attempts to present a detailed examination of the published radio survey material, with the idea of constructing reliable counts from these surveys. Observations over a wide range of flux densities are available at 178, 408, 1400, 2700, and 5000 MHz. All of the source count data are presented in differential form. Problems in setting the lower intensity limit are discussed. 8 figures, 89 references. (RWR)


Due to the globalization tendency, the companies are faced with the situation of responding to identical or increasingly similar needs that evolve in the same direction on different markets. However, at the same time, within the new markets, the companies are confronted with the situation of their products' rejection due to the fact that the physical or economic access of the consumers to the product, the purchasing behaviour, the consume characteristics and the manner in which consumers can dispose of the product, greatly depend on the culture of each country. This article presents the basic elements of the country-of-origin effect. First, it presents the characteristic of this effect. Secondly, it analyzes the forms in which the country-of-origin effect can have for different specialists or different fields of research. This effect can be called the "prism effect" for the global management, "the made-in principle" for marketing management or "country's brand" for marketers. Thirdly, the present study analyzes the causes which determine the appearance of this effect. There can be social, economic, environmental, development causes but the most important factor of the country-of-origin effect represents the cultural issues. The fourth part consists of a personal analysis of the causes of the problem, and the fifth presents some ways to overcome a negative effect. In conclusion, we suggest that international companies must pay special attention in analyzing the prism effect of their products on the new market in order to adjust certain perceptions by an adequate marketing.


Continuous increase in the demand of electricity around the globe has created a great interest in the renewable energy sources. In the recent years Photo Voltaic (PV) power generation has emerged out to be a considerable solution to world energy crisis. The major problem encountered in the implementation of PV is its low voltage output. This study proposes a converter having capability of high voltage boost. The proposed converter utilizes switched capacitors and switched inductors to uplift the output voltage of dc-dc converter. The proposed topology also offers a bonus of reduces voltage stress on the circuit components and thus improved reliability. MATLAB Simulation and the derived results display an improved voltage gain reduced stress. The simulation model also includes PV module to examine converter's adaptability with PV module.


Mobile telematics is a relatively new innovation that involves collecting data on driving behavior using the internal sensors in a smartphone rather than from an in-vehicle data recorder. However, telematics data are usually not labeled, which makes extracting driving patterns from them very difficult. Therefore, unsupervised learning algorithms play an important role in this field. In addition, most current research is based on datasets developed in a laboratory or from site investigations and questionnaires, which are very different from real-world driving behaviors. To advance unsupervised learning techniques in this field, and to fill the gap in findings based on real-world data, we have developed an unsupervised pattern recognition framework for mobile telematics data. The framework comprises three main components: a self-organizing map, a nine-layers deep auto-encoder, and partitive clustering algorithms. The SOM algorithm reduces the complexity of the data, the deep auto-encoder extracts the features, and the clustering algorithm groups driving events with similar patterns into behaviors. Further, given clustering with mobile telematics data is an under-researched area, we undertook an empirical comparison of five well-known clustering algorithms to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each method and which is best suited to categorizing driving styles. The study was conducted with a real-world insurance dataset containing 500,000 journeys by 2500 drivers, and the results were evaluated against three measures– Davis Boulding, Calinski Harabasz, and execution time. Overall, we find that k-means clustering and a self-organizing map were able to extract more accurate patterns than others. A statistical analysis of the 29 clusters produced by SOM and k-means, revealed 29 unique driving styles, all of which can be found in the transportation literature. The results from the study, with support from the corresponding literature review, demonstrate the efficacy of the presented framework in unsupervised settings. Additionally, the results provide a basis for developing a future risk analysis and automatic decision support system for usage-based insurance companies.


Objective:To discuss the surgical management of spondylodiscitis after the lumbar discectomy.Methods:7 cases of spondylodiscitis after the lumbar discectomy were analysed retrospectively.All patients were treated with surgical management of posterior approach combined with antibiotics.Results:In 7 patients,4 were males and 3 females.The mean age was 45 years old.The spinal segment involved included L 4/5 in three and L 5S 1 in four cases.The history, clinical courses,ESR and MRI are very useful in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis.3 cases presented positive in the bacterial culture and 4 cases negative.After the surgery of the posterior focal debridement and bone plantation with internal fixation, the symptoms were relieved in a short period of time.The roentgenographic followe-up showed the spinal fusion 2.5~3.5 months after surgery.Conclusion:The surgical management of the posterior approach has more advantages over the anterior approach.It is one of the most effective methods for treatment of the spondylodiscitis after lumbar discectomy.


BCRP contains only six transmembrane helices and one nucleotide-binding domain located toward the N terminus, and is often referred to as a half ABC transporter. The expression pattern of BCRP is similar to P-gp and it plays a protective role by extruding metabolites, toxins and xenobiotics. BCRP limits the oral absorption of its substrates and may cause clinically significant DDIs. Regulatory agencies require that the DDI risks are evaluated in drug development. BCRP limits the penetration of its substrates into the CNS; therefore, eliminating both P-gp and BCRP interactions have become an attractive strategy for improving the delivery of drugs to the CNS. Given that BCRP is overexpressed in tumor cells, developing inhibitors of BCRP to overcome the resistance of chemotherapy may prove beneficial in cancer therapy. Genetic polymorphisms of BCRP leading to a decrease of BCRP activity are associated with hyperuricemia and gout.


In this paper we consider the problem of speech denoising based on a greedy adaptive dictionary (GAD) algorithm. The transform is orthogonal by construction, and is found to give a sparse representation of the data being analysed, and to be robust to additive Gaussian noise. The performance of the algorithm is compared to that of the principal component analysis (PCA) method, for a speech denoising application. It is found that the GAD algorithm offers a sparser solution than PCA, while having a similar performance in the presence of noise.


seen sooner and the Community's objective achieved with less upheaval of existing practice. The Commission should also be aware of the wider political impact of its proposals, particularly on food issues where public feelings are so easily aroused. It was particularly heartening to read Mr. Roy Jenkins' recent speech at the Food Manufacturers' Federation Conference, because it seems that many of the ideas that I have mentioned are being studied seriously already. It is worth quoting his statement on the harmonization of


Objective: . Bauhinia racemosa , Bauhinia tomentosa and Bauhinia vahlii are the most important indigenous plants of Odisha. Traditionally, these plants are used in wound healing, skin abrasions, pimples, blister and boils. To validate the folkloric claims of these plants, methanolic extracts of these plants were evaluated by incision and excision wound models. Methods: The experimental animals were divided into five groups of six for each model. The animals in test group were treated with the test extracts of these three plants topically in the form of ointment and reference standard, Povidone Iodine was applied on the incised wound of animals of standard group. Healing measured by the rate of wound contraction, complete epithelialization, and granulation of tissue. On day 14, BV, BR and BT were recorded as 250, 210 and 125 g/cm 2 respectively as compared to the control, whereas, Povidone iodine showed the tensile strength of 230g/cm 2 . Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The rapid wound contraction and decreased rate of epithelialization time suggest that these plant extracts extract may have better wound healing potentials.


The relationships between buyers and suppliers have received considerable attention in recent years. Traditionally, buyer‐supplier relationships were considered as adversarial, arm's‐length transactions. However, this relationship is moving towards a more collaborative approach. This change is subjected to the belief that suppliers are essential sources to gain competitive advantage in world markets in terms of their expertise, knowledge and their ability to share risks. The paper presents the initial findings from the responses of large companies in Hong Kong about their supplier criteria requirement. The results are also compared with a similar study conducted in the United Kingdom to obtain a clearer picture concerning Eastern and Western approaches to strategic purchasing. Some of the key reasons for the differences between purchasing practices in European and Asian companies are outlined. Such information is potentially useful since it can be used as a reference guideline for suppliers when initiating collaborative relationships with customers, who may come from different cultural backgrounds.


ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the nursing diagnoses of potential organ donors in brain death according to the NANDA-I Taxonomy. Method: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted in a public hospital in the interior of Ceará, Brazil. Data collection was realized in October and November 2021 in 23 medical records of potential organ donors. Descriptive statistics analyzed data. Results: Twenty-two diagnoses were identified in five of the 13 domains of the NANDA-I taxonomy. The following were prevalent: risk of unstable blood glucose; risk of impaired liver function; impaired gas exchange; impaired bed mobility; ineffective breathing pattern; risk of infection; risk of pressure injury; risk of aspiration; risk of decreased cardiac output; risk of falls, impaired urinary elimination; risk of electrolyte imbalance and risk of unstable blood pressure. Conclusion: The identification of diagnoses may favor the improvement of practice and the application of the nursing process in the care of potential organ donors.


organizational commitment of teachers of children with special needs in special schools, both partially and simultaneously. This research is quantitative research using a survey method carried out at State Special Schools in Jambi Province. The population is 106 people and the sample uses random sampling. The hypothesis in this research is: leadership, stress, work motivation and organizational commitment of teachers of children with special needs have a significant relationship, both partially and simultaneously, to Teacher Organizational Commitment. Hypothesis testing uses Pearson Product Moment Correlation technique analysis and multiple regression, with an alpha significance level of 5 percent (α=0.05). This research produced findings in detail, there is a direct relationship between leadership style (X1), stress (X2), and work motivation (X3) with organizational commitment Teacher of Children with Special Needs. Based on the results of analytical calculations, the calculated t value was obtained (29.065). >t table (2.68), so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Leadership style, stress and work motivation have a significant relationship with the organizational commitment of teachers of children with special needs. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the variables of leadership style, stress and work motivation make a significant contribution to the organizational commitment of teachers of children with special needs.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a conductive plastic bipolar plate of a vanadium battery. According to the invention, high-molecular resin and conductive carbon black are adopted as raw materials for producing conductive plastic; metal powder is used for producing a metal micro-particle suspension; in a mixture of high-molecular resin and conductive carbon black, the high-molecular resin and the conductive carbon black are sufficiently mixed; an appropriate amount of the metal micro-particle suspension is doped, such that a material used for producing the conductive plastic base material is formed; and the material is pressed by using a mold, such that the conductive plastic bipolar plate is prepared. The metal micro-particle suspension is formulated according to the type and dosage of the adopted conductive plastic. Different from common conductive plastic bipolar plates of vanadium batteries, according to the invention, an appropriate amount of metal micro-particles are doped in the components used for preparing the conductive plastic, such that the content of high-molecular resin can be greatly increased, and the content of conductive carbon black is reduced. The prepared conductive plastic bipolar plate is improved both in conductivity and in strength. The method provided by the invention has advantages of simple method, reasonable technology, wide raw material source, and easy application.


Many network resource management solutions typically employ traffic prediction algorithms to improve the performance of a network. In this paper we extend a newly developed method for prediction with confidence to time series data and apply it to the network traffic demand prediction problem. We investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm on a number of publicly available network traffic demand datasets. The experimental results are very promising.


Introduction. The article deals with the development of a device for evaluating technical condition on of volumetric hydraulic drives made in Russia and abroad at repair and service centres.
Materials and Methods. The study uses the statements of theoretical mechanics and hydrodynamics, the basic principles of mechanisms and machines production. For technical condition evaluating of volumetric hydraulic drives, the method of hydraulic loading of hydraulic motor was applied. Reliability of results was confirmed during experimental settings of the hydraulic loading device stand.
Results. A stand design with the hydraulic loading device was developed and put into practice for new technical condition evaluating of volumetric hydraulic drives, made in Russia and abroad, at repair and service centres. A property of the stand is the use of the hydraulic loading method when the torque (braking) moment on the shaft of the tested hydraulic rotor is created using a hydraulic machine. The stand consists of data processing and measurement units. The data processing unit is based on a multifunctional data acquisition board connected with a personal computer. The structure of the data measurement unit includes a frequency converter connected to an electric motor, a drive shaft for connecting the shaft of the tested hydraulic pump; hydraulic system having a hydraulic tank; suction, control, drain, and discharge lines and reversible flow chokes installed in discharge lines and connected with the hydraulic pump and hydraulic rotor; loading device with the reversible hydraulic pump, drive shaft joined with the shaft of the tested hydraulic motor. Additionally, reversible throttle flow meters are connected via special ports and electric lines to the data acquisition board. The developed stand allows evaluating the technical condition of most widespread models of volumetric hydraulic drives used in modern agricultural and road construction equipment. The stand is characterized by good energy efficiency, simplicity of design, low costs, good technical characteristics that make it competitive.
Discussion and Conclusion. The new stand design with the hydraulic loading device allows implementating of the dynamic testing methodology and guarantees high accuracy of evaluating the technical condition of the most widespread Russian and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives at repair and service centres. Further improvement of the evaluating the technical condition of volumetric hydraulic drives is related to the development of specialized software for processing and analysing test results in real-time.


An mechanism design for chaotic vibration screen which is under-actuated and the redundant degree of freedom is "1"was proposed.The dynamic model of the mechanism was established by using Lagrange's formulation,and the simulation was carried out by applying Simulink in Matlab.The simulation results show that the motion of the screen box is chaotic.


Bayesian analysis of a finite state Markov process, which is popularly used to model multistate event history data, is considered. A new prior process, called a beta-Dirichlet process, is introduced for the cumulative intensity functions and is proved to be conjugate. In addition, the beta-Dirichlet prior is applied to a Bayesian semiparametric regression model. To illustrate the application of the proposed model, we analyse a dataset of credit histories. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.


The behavior of certain weighted Hardy‐type operators on rearrangement‐invariant function spaces is thoroughly studied. Emphasis is put on the optimality of the obtained results. First, the optimal rearrangement‐invariant function spaces guaranteeing the boundedness of the operators from/to a given rearrangement‐invariant function space are described. Second, the optimal rearrangement‐invariant function norms being sometimes complicated, the question of whether and how they can be simplified to more manageable expressions is addressed. Next, the relation between optimal rearrangement‐invariant function spaces and interpolation spaces is investigated. Last, iterated weighted Hardy‐type operators are also studied.


We extend the results of Part I [SIAM J. Appl. Math., 39 (1980), pp. 14–20] on the spectrum of the singular integral operator \[ (A{\bf M})(x) = - \frac{1}{{4\pi }}{\operatorname{grad}}{\operatorname{div}}\int_\Omega {\frac{{{\bf M}(y)}}{r}dy.} \] As an application we obtain an estimate of the lower bound of the spectrum of the magnetic field operator $R{\bf M} = h{\bf M} + A{\bf M}$ from ${\bf L}^2 \Omega $ into the subspace J of generalized solenoidal vector-functions from ${\bf L}^2 $. Here ${\bf M}$ is the magnetization vector, $h{\bf M} = ({{\bf M} / {(\mu (M,x) - 1)}})(M = | {\bf M} |)$ is the total field, $A{\bf M}$ is the induced field, and $\Omega $ is a simply connected domain in $R_3 $.


Hybrid-Electric Propulsion (HEP) could be part of the solution to decrease emissions associated with regional commercial aviation. This study presents results for the aircraft level fuel reduction potential of a regional turboprop concept with an HEP architecture and Entry-Into-Service (EIS) in 2035+. The configuration specifically tackles the elaborated challenges of introducing an additional electrical energy source to the configuration by employing a twofold electrical assistance to a turboshaft engine in combination with an innovative thermal management concept. Relevant components and disciplines were modeled and incorporated into an integrated aircraft design environment. The behavior and interaction of the HEP architecture with the aircraft was thoroughly investigated. A best-performing configuration was derived and compared with a conventional reference configuration following a State-of-the-Art (SoA) reference aircraft approach. For a typical mission with 200 nmi range, a block fuel reduction of 9.6% was found. However, the assumed battery performance characteristics limited the reduction potential and led to a fuel burn increase for the 600 nmi design mission. Furthermore, sourcing the non-propulsive subsystems directly from the on-board battery was detrimental. The innovative Thermal Management System (TMS) located in the propeller slipstream showed a synergistic effect with the investigated configuration.


Abstract: In this paper we introduce efficient algorithm for the multip lication of biquaternions. The direct multiplication of tw o biquaternions requires 64 real multiplications and 56 real additions. More effective solutions still do not exist. We s how how to compute a product of the Pauli numbers with 24 real multiplications a d 64 real additions. During synthesis of the discussed algo rithm we use the fact that product of two biquaternions may be represente d as vector-matrix product. The matrix that participates in the product calculating has unique structural properties that allow pe rforming its advantageous decomposition. Namely this deco mposition leads to significant reducing of the computational complexity of biq uaternion multiplication.


The rail (1) has an upper section (8) used for the guide rollers and a base (3) used for fixing to the ground or on a support. On the zone located between the base and the upper section at least one inclined ramp rising towards the upper section is provided for the rolling of at least one guide roller (7). The invention is applicable in the field of urban public transport above the ground.


The purpose of this study was to explore the program evaluation methods employed at an autonomous distance education institution, focusing in particular on the derivation and application of standards within the evaluation process. This study also attempted to examine the relationship between the data gathered and theory and models in the evaluation literature. The study was initiated to provide baseline data on the application and derivation of standards as this subject is not addressed extensively in the literature. -- Using an interpretive case study approach this study was implemented in the summer of 1995, and employed semi- structured to unstructured interviews, questionnaires and document analysis to elicit information. All interviews permitted open responses, and were tape-recorded with the permission of respondents. -- The data were initially analyzed using Kripendorffs (1980) semantic content analysis resulting in a narrative report. This was followed by the development of categories and themes as suggested by Merriam (1988) in order to interpret and theorize about the data with reference to the literature. -- Results of the study indicated that no one approach to the setting and use of standards and criteria is employed. Input from stakeholders, the development of performance indicators by departments, university policy, use of baseline data and comparative data from the literature and other institutions all contribute to the derivation of standards.


The preferred diagnostic pathway for patients presenting with non‐massive haemoptysis and normal or benign computer tomography (CT) radiological findings is unclear. The common approach is to investigate with both CT and bronchoscopy, irrespective of patient‐specific factors. The value of performing fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in patients with non‐massive haemoptysis and clear or benign CT findings remains undetermined. We aimed to investigate its value using a large retrospective case series.


Background Patients with graft occlusion have poor outcomes, with increased amputation rates. Reoperation is not feasible in some patients with critical limb ischemia owing to high surgical risk, unsuitable target vessels, or lack of conduit. Pertinent progress in endovascular techniques has provided more therapeutic options for patients with critical limb ischemia. Aim This study aimed to assess the short-term outcome of native superficial femoral artery endovascular revascularization in patients with occluded bypass. Patients and methods This is a retrospective study that was based on a prospectively maintained database of patients who attended our hospital with signs of chronic limb ischemia owing to occluded previous femoropopliteal bypass during the period from January 2019 to June 2021. Patients were invited for follow-up visits at 6 weeks and then at 3-month intervals. Results Technical success was achieved in all patients. At the end of the follow-up period, the primary patency rate was 56.14%, the assisted patency rate was 82.5%, and the secondary patency rate was 87.7%. The amputation-free survival rate was 87.7%, and the limb-salvage rate was 96.5%. Conclusion Endovascular recanalization is a feasible, effective, and safe alternative treatment choice for patients with chronic limb ischemia and failed previous graft bypass. It offers high rates of technical success, assisted primary and secondary patency, limb salvage, and amputation-free survival.


This paper proposes nonlinear behavior in a love model for Romeo and Juliet with an external force of discontinuous time. We investigated the periodic motion and chaotic behavior in the love model by using time series and phase portraits with respect to some variable and fixed parameters. The computer simulation results confirmed that the proposed love model with an external force of discontinuous time shows periodic motion and chaotic behavior with respect to parameter variation.


In a mobile ad hoc network, several replica allocation techniques have been proposed to minimize performance degradation. If the nodes in a MANET together have sufficient memory space to hold both all the replicas and the original data. Some nodes may act selfishly, selfish nodes decide only to cooperate partially, or not at all, with other node (that is., Non-cooperative actions of misbehavior are usually termed as selfishness, which is notably different from malicious behavior). Selfish node may not share its own memory space to store replica for the benefits of other nodes. To develop a selfish node detection algorithm that considers partial selfishness and novel replica allocation technique to properly cope with selfish replica allocation. Selfish replica allocation refers to a node's non-cooperative action, such that the node refuses to cooperate fully in sharing its memory space with other nodes. Secure Hill cipher algorithm is to provide the security in replica data. Selfish replica allocation techniques significantly reduce communication cost and Simulation result show fully selfish node detection time, fully selfish node deletion time.


The current study investigates educational decision-making in the former Soviet Republic of Georgia. The focus is on decisions concerning issues of school governance decentralization/recentralization in the period of 2003-2012. The research draws on in-depth interviews with over 20 top decision-makers, and an extensive review of legal documents, relevant research and media reports to gain a better understanding of decision-making practices in a newly democratized state. Two theoretical foundations are employed: the Multiple Streams model of decision-making and Electoral Connection. The research largely supports the Multiple Streams theory and expands the theory of Electoral Connection to fit the political setting of a post-soviet state. Among other findings, the research shows that decisions concerning school governance recentralization were primarily election-driven.


Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of clinical presentations associated with rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and partial or complete thrombosis of the infarct related artery. Aim of the study was to estimate the whole lipid spectrum particles among patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction (acute coronary syndrome in younger age in their fourties). Lipid particle size of IDL and VLDL lipoproteins in the pathology among acute coronary syndrome younger patients have not been estimated yet. In a group of consecutive 60 patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome serum lipid particles have been bed -side measured with FDA approved method Lipoprint Quantimetrix system. Lipid subfrections of LDL, IDL, VLDL and HDL cholesterol have been measured with gradient polyacryamid gel electrophoresis at time of the event comparing to the controls. The subfraction analysis allowed the examination of the cardiovascular risk beyond the common blood cholesterol testing. The result showed, that lipid subpopulations under pathological state gives evidence of characteristic shift toward small LDL as well as small HDL par-ticles among acute coronary syndrome patients. Together with VLDL and IDL lipoproteins are counting to their impaired outcome, thus carrying the certain significant atherogenic potential they contribute to their worse outcome risk.


The Antony John Sutcliffe Collection is a unique taphonomic reference collection held within the Department of Earth Sciences at the Natural History Museum (NHM). Sutcliffe was the Curator of Fossil Mammals at the NHM from 1957 to 1987, during which time he collected a large assemblage of modern comparative vertebrate material, including complete skulls, bones, teeth and soft tissues (skin and faeces) of numerous species from across the world including sites in East Africa, Canada, Alaska, Siberia and northwest Europe. Sutcliffe studied Pleistocene mammals and was particularly interested in the alterations to their remains after death and how they come to be fossilised, i.e., their taphonomy.


In this paper, we propose a new multiparametric optical fiber transducer applied to an electric generator of 370 MVA. The optical transducer has three multiplexed FBGs in the same optical fiber as the sensing element. The FBG sensors can simultaneously measure both the temperature and vibration independently of the other multiplexed FBGs. The installation in the power plant was performed using six transducers and it was obtained 23 hours of simultaneous vibration and temperature measurement. All the FBGs used to monitor generator vibration were able to monitor the frequency of mechanical and electromagnetic vibrations, which were measured at 2 Hz and 120 Hz, respectively. During the measurement, the machine was turned off due to a failure and all the FBGs sensed temperature changes, as well as frequency vibration changes. The largest temperature difference measured between the FBGs during the test is approximately 2°C.


A version of vacuum arc ion source has been developed and constructed at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, for use with a heavy ion radio frequency quadrupole linac. The source is operated in a pulsed mode with a pulse length from 5 to 120 μs and a repetition rate of from 1/8 to 1 pps. The injection voltage is up to 90 kV depending on the kind of ions being used, and the beam current at the injector output is up to 500 mA. The results described in this article were made at a beam current of from 10 to 100 mA. In order to obtain ions having a charge‐to‐mass ratio of about 1/60, metals such as Cu, Mo, Ta, W, and Pb were used as the cathode material. Volt‐ampere characteristics and charge state distributions were measured. The charge state spectral variation was investigated throughout the arc current pulse duration as well as the dependence of the mean charge state of the beam ions on the melting point of the cathode material.


Spin-glass theory allows to derive a phase-diagram for random lasers in terms of the degree of disorder and the pump rate. An Haus/Grosss-Pitaevskii equation is in agreement with the observed spectral line-width.


The micro fuel reformer with suspended membrane structure can realize good thermal isolation of the reaction area on the membrane, because heat conduction through the thin suspended membrane is quite small. However, it is difficult to form catalyst selectively on the suspended membrane. The solution can be given by the in-situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, by which alumina is deposited from an alumina precursor selectively on the suspended membrane heated by integrated micro-heaters. The deposits were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). Self-sustaining hydrogen combustion was demonstrated on the deposited alumina after platinum loading. The heated area was localized just on the membrane, and temperature difference between the membrane an the bulk substrate reached 570 K, when the temperature of the membrane was 668 °C. The maximum SV value allowable for the formed catalyst was approximately 680000 1/h.


This year we celebrate the centennial of the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 to Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system. Cajal should in particular be remembered for his important discoveries regarding the development of the nervous system. In fact, together with R. G. Harrison, he is one of the founders of neuroembryology. Golgi developed the silver impregnation method, which was subsequently named after him. However, Golgi studied mainly adult nerve tissue and claimed the then prevailing point of view that the nervous system is a syncytium. By studying the developing nervous system, Cajal was able to demonstrate that nerve fibres are not fused but connected via contacts, which were later named synapses by Sherrington. He wrote about the synapses as ''protoplasmic kisses . . . the final ecstasy of an epic love story''. This neuron theory was established by Cajal but questioned by Golgi. They debated the issue for decades, even in their 1906 Nobel lectures. The success of Cajal was probably due to the fact that he studied embryonic material. He described his calling in the following way: ''Since the full grown forest turns out to be impenetrable and indefinable, why not revert to the study of the young wood, in the nursery stage, as we might say'' [1]. He made silver impregnations of the spinal cord of 21⁄2-day chick embryos and found neuroblasts with short outgrowths which were identified as incipient axons. He also discovered the growth cone, which is essential for neurons to find their way to the terminal organs. As stated by Cajal: ''one can say that the growth cone is a sort of club or battering ram, possessing an exquisite chemical sensitivity, rapid ameoboid movements and a certain driving force that permits it to push aside, or cross, obstacles in its way . . .until it reaches its destination''. He described in detail how both the central and peripheral nervous systems are organized, and provided the basis for modern neuroanatomy. He proposed the idea that only some of the most useful nerves are selected during development, a very modern idea. His drawings of the nervous system are not only scientific but also artistic. Cajal was born in Navarre in Spain, the son of a country doctor [2]. He obtained a doctoral degree at Saragossa, and became professor of anatomy in Valencia. Not until he was 35 did he begin to devote his life to the study of the nervous system and make his major discoveries. He was extremely productive and published 12 papers and monographs in 1889 and 16 in 1890. It took some time before his work was recognized because he published his articles in Spanish. He realized that his articles had to be translated to German and French, and this was subsequently done. He travelled to Germany and was supported by the anatomist R. A. von Kölliker. The Swedish anatomist Gustaf Retzius, who had made a detailed atlas of the human brain, including the fetal and infant brain, was probably instrumental in the selection of Golgi and Cajal as the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906. It is a little ironic that the two antagonists shared the prize. They continued their debate in the Nobel lectures.


The invention discloses an input device and an air conditioner including the same. An input device and an air conditioner including the same, wherein the input device receives operation input of an air conditioner including an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, and the input device includes a display unit, a communication unit to communicate with the indoor unit, an interface unit to provide an interface for exchanging data with an external device, and a controller to perform control such that a home screen including a plurality of icon items is displayed on the display unit and to perform control such that temperature information set through a temperature setting item in the home screen is transmitted to the external device through the interface unit. The external device is controlled in a remote way.


This paper presents a low power, high linearity wideband cascode low noise amplifier (LNA) targeting the GSM/LTE standards and RFID reader applications. The common source (CS) stage is considered to be the dominated nonlinearity source for cascode LNA and the modified derivative superposition (MDS) technology is adopted to improve the linearity of this stage. However, with the operating frequency increases, the nonlinearity influence coming from the common gate (CG) stage increases also. The nonlinearity effect of the CG stage on the cascode amplifier is investigated and an improving method is proposed. This design combines the MDS technique with the proposed method to increase gain and linearity while maintaining a low NF of the LNA. The proposed LNA is implemented in the IBM 0.13um CMOS technology. The NF is 1.4/2.0/2.1dB at 700/900/950 MHz bands, respectively. The LNA has a third order intercept point of +14.6dBm in a wide frequency from 700MHz to 1GHz.