The cost of making training data is high and difficult to achieve,it is one of the problems to be solved by data mining.To solve the problem,a new method is introduced.Rough set-based reduction is combined with sample.It decreases relativity of feature in KDD99 data set.Rough set-based reduction has good mathematics base.The reduction request knowledge of background and meet with standard of data mining.Decisive tree algorithm of ID3 is used to prove the validity of feature reduction and to generate intrusion detection rules.


Dry film thickness of coating is the main factor affecting color difference and glossiness of the product.Effects of dry film on the color difference and glossiness of three kinds of typical polyester products were studied in the paper.


Abstract This study focusses on the preparation of ifosfamide (1; R1=CH2CH2Cl, R2=NHCH2CH2Cl) and cyclophosphamide (2 R1=H, R2=N(CH2CH2Cl)2), standard drugs in tumor therapy, in order to avoid the alkylating educts like 2-chloroethylamine by introducing chlorine in the final reaction step. The reaction of the trimethylsilyl compounds (3; R1=CH2CH2Cl, R2=NHCH2CH20SiMe3) and (4; R1=H, R2=N(CH2CH20SiMe3)2), respectively, with 2-chloro- 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-σ3λ3-2-phosphoM-4,6-dione, followed by chlorination of the resulting product with sulphuryl chloride, furnished the cytotoxic drugs (1) and (2) [l].


Non-point source pollutants, such as pesticides, enter groundwater systems in a variety of means at wide-ranging concentrations. Risks in using groundwater in human consumption vary depending on the amounts of contaminants, the type of groundwater aquifer, and various use factors. We have devised a method of determining the vulnerability of an aquifer towards contamination with the Vulnerability Index. The Index can be used either as a comparative or an absolute index (comparative with a pure water source or aquifer spring or without comparison, assuming no peaks in the compared sample). Data for the calculation is obtained by extraction of a given water sample followed by analysis with a nitrogen/phosphorus detector on gas chromatography. The calculation uses the sum of peak heights as its determination. An additional peak number factor is added to emphasize higher numbers of compounds found in a given sample. Karst aquifers are considered to be highly vulnerable due to the large solution openings in its structure. Examples will be given of Vulnerability Indices taken from springs emanating from karst, intermediate, and diffuse flow aquifers taken at various times of the 1992 sampling year and compared with rainfall during that time. Comparisons will be made of the Indexmore » vs. rainfall events and vs. pesticide application data. The risk of using contaminated drinking water sources can be evaluated with the use of this index.« less


The building sector in Greece occupies prime position within the industrial / technical activities. However, given the fact that the construction sector produces more than 35% of all the greenhouse emissions, on European level, emphasis is given on adaptation of energy and emissions reducing solutions by the construction industry. Utilization of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in concrete design, for example, is a very promising first step in reducing considerably the fixed environmental footprint. On this note, the aim of this study is twofold. To evaluate the environmental contribution of each concrete component and to provide the best possible mix design configuration, by using analytical models developed by the authors, in terms of low environmental cost, concrete compressive strength and service life estimation under harsh environments. It is hoped that the outcomes of this study will provide the basis for the establishment of an optimum, balanced approach, between sustainability and durability. It was proved that such a balance can be achieved through extended use of industrial by-products and their various mixtures in the concrete mix, reducing in this way the fixed environmental emissions without minimizing the long-term safety and durability of the structure.


Vascular injury‐induced inflammation is the initial step of angioplasty‐associated vascular restenosis. As a major pro‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)‐induced motogenic effects on vascular smooth muscle cells is considered as the major contributor. Attenuation of vascular injury‐induced neointima thickening was observed by blocking STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, a key component of IL‐6 signaling. MCPIP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]–induced protein 1; also known as ZC3H12A), an immune response modifier expressed in mice macrophage in response to inflammatory stimulation, plays a negative role in the process of inflammation. Our previous in vivo results revealed that MCPIP1 expression levels are increased following balloon‐catheter‐induced rat carotid injury at 3, 7 and 14 days. Our current study was designed to test if upregulation of MCPIP1 plays a negative role in injury‐induced vascular stenosis by suppressing IL‐6‐induced vascular smooth muscle migration. Using subcultured (passages 5–9) smooth muscle cells isolated from rat aortae, we found that: 1) Overexpression of wild‐type MCPIP1 abolished IL‐6‐induced smooth muscle cell migration; 2) expression of wild‐type MCPIP1 reduced IL‐6‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation but not the expression level of total STAT3. The aforementioned results suggest that the upregulation of MCPIP1 may serve as a negative regulator in vascular injury‐induced stenosis by inhibition of IL‐6 signaling and subsequent induction of smooth muscle cell migration.


Methotrexate (4-amino-AM°-methylpteroylglutamic acid) has been reported to be extensively metabolized by intestinal bacteria of mice and rats (1, 2) and to a lesser degree in man (3). Valerino (4) reported the separation of four different metabolites in the urine and feces of rats receiving tritiated methotrexate by gastric intubation and tentatively identified two as 2,4-diamino-6-carboxylpteridine and 2,4-diamino-6- methylpteridine. Although metabolites of methotrexate have been demonstrated in the urine and feces of animals, no reports of the separation of methotrexate from its metabolites in the plasma have appeared. A method for separation of methotrexate from its metabolites in plasma is essential for the necessary refinement of recently reported models of methotrexate pharmacokinetics (3, 5). These models have been derived from measurements of plasma concentrations of total radioactivity following administration of 3H-methotrexate. This communication reports a simple method for the separation of 8H-methotrexate from other labeled components in rat plasma.


Halloysite has long been regarded as being highly-disordered or even turbostratic structurally. TEM study of halloysite in the past showed little detail in the basal fringes due to rapid beam damage. Most TEM images of halloysite with various morphologies reported in recent literature are at low-magnification. In this study, tubular halloysites from six localities in Australia and New Zealand were intensely examined with HRTEM and electron diffraction using a JEOL 200CX. The results are presented in this paper. Tubular halloysite (Fig. la) HRTEM images recorded show a 7-Å fringe spacing (Fig. lb), which suggests that halloysite has lost its all interlayer water and has collapsed under the high-vacuum conditions in the TEM. The 7-A lattice fringes revealed on the walls of halloysite tubes are similar to those of kaolinite stacks, and exhibit relatively straight layers with fewer defects compared with smectite fringes.


OBJECTIVES
To determine whether cutaneous herpes zoster infection in immunocompetent older people is correlated with an increased risk for death.

SETTING
Primary care clinics associated with West Virginia University, Morgantown West Virginia.

DESIGN
Case-control study

PARTICIPANTS
Immunocompetent outpatients born from 1903 through 1931, seen from 1994 through 2001; 102 patients diagnosed with herpes zoster (HZV) infection and 201 controls. The median age of both groups was 75 and the sample size was approximately 5,000.

MEASUREMENTS
Three-year mortality, risk, and age of death after first clinic visit for herpes zoster.

RESULTS
Fourteen deaths occurred in the control group with a mean age of death of 83.4 and 26 deaths among the subjects with HZV with a mean age of death of 79.6. This age difference was not statistically significant, however the age adjusted risk of dying in three years after reactivation of HZV was 4.9 times the adjusted odds of dying without HZV, controlling for age. (95% confidence intervals for the ratio of adjusted odds: 2.4-10.44)

CONCLUSION
In this study reactivation of herpes zoster infection was associated with an increased risk for death in the three years following an infection; deaths were not directly correlated with such an infection, but occurred for various other reasons. This suggests that herpes zoster infections may be a marker for early mortality.


One‐layer and two‐layer nano‐TiO2 thin films were prepared on the surface of common glass by sol–gel processing. Water contact angle, surface morphology, tribological properties of the films before and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were investigated using DSA100 drop shape analyzer, scanning probe microscopy (SPM), SEM and universal micro‐materials tester (second generation) (UMT‐2MT) friction and wear tester, respectively. The stored films markedly resumed their hydrophilicity after UV irradiation. But UV irradiation worsened tribological properties of the films. After the film was irradiated by UV, the friction coefficient between the film and GCr15 steel ball increased about 10–50% and its wear life shortened about 20–90%. Abrasive wear, brittle break and adherence wear are the failure mechanisms of nano‐TiO2 thin films. It was believed that UV irradiation increased surface energy of the film and then aggravated adherence wear of the film at initial stage of friction process leading to severe brittle fracture and abrasive wear. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the Durban climate change conference of UNFCCC in 2011 new accounting rules were agreed for forest sector in Annex I countries to provide incentives for forest management and emission mitigation. There was also pressure to modify accounting rules to avoid giving credits for sequestration which would occur naturally. New accounting rules are based on reference levels against which greenhouse gas emissions and sinks resulting from forest management are compared during the second commitment period (2013–2020) of the Kyoto Protocol. In this study we investigate the timber market impacts and the effectiveness of the reference level policy in promoting forest management actions in the EU countries. We also study how setting of caps for policy-based gains affects the effectiveness of the policy. We found that the policy enhances carbon sequestration, if it is implemented in such a way that it affects harvests. The market impacts and the effects on forest sinks can be substantial in countries where non-LULUCF sector emissions are high relative to the potential of forest resources to act as sinks. In smaller countries with relatively large forest resources, the effectiveness of the policy is dampened by upper limits imposed on the emission compensations. The results of our study can be used to improve the effectiveness of policies in climate change negotiations.


This paper examines long memory volatility in international stock markets. We show that long memory volatility is widespread in eighty-two countries and that the degree of memory can be related to macroeconomic variables such as inflation, unemployment rates, interest rates or stability of a country measured by jumps. The relationships hold both in the time-series and the cross-sectional dimension. We also find that developed countries possess longer memory in volatility than emerging and frontier countries.


The vegetable quality is important to human health, In order to assess heavy metals pollution in vegetables, the investigation on heavy metals in vegetables was carried out in Shantou city. The results showed that 6 heavy metals were detected in 46 vegetable samples, and the contents of the heavy metals in all of vegetable samples were higher than the national standard for Pb, Cd and Ni in GB 18406.1 of PRC, respectively. The contents of heavy metals in vegetables were affected greatly by human activities, and varied greatly with different vegetable types in Shantou city. Factor analysis and cluster analysis indicated that 6 heavy metals could be reduced to 3 main factors, and they were respectively air pollution, soil pollution and industrial waste water. Lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel were the most serious pollution heavy metals in Shantou city.


Defence of national traditions involves the cultural position.In Tolerance in Cultural Phenomena,Gao Youpeng unites his practice of life with his scientific thinking.His appeals for national holidays and cultural customs manifest his understanding of historical classics and of modern theories and,combined with his experience of field work,form his unique academic courage and cultural concern.


Computational simulation of the vertical tail buffet problem is accomplished using a delta wing-vertical tail configuration. Flow conditions are selected such that the wing primary-vortex cores experience vortex breakdown and the resulting flow interacts with the vertical tail. This multidisciplinary problem is solved successively using three sets of equations for the fluid flow, aeroelastic deflections and grid displacements. For the fluid dynamics part, the unsteady, compressible, full Navier-Stokes equations are solved accurately in time using an implicit, upwind, flux-difference splitting, finite-volume scheme. For the aeroelastic part, the aeroelastic equation for bending vibrations is solved accurately in time using the Galerkin method and the four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme. The grid for the fluid dynamics computations is updated every few time steps using a third set of interpolation equations. The computational application includes a delta wing of aspect ratio 1 and a rectangular vertical tail of aspect ratio 2, which is placed at 0.5 root-chord length downstream of the wing trailing edge. The wing angle of attack is 35 deg and the flow Mach number and Reynolds number are 0.4 and 10,000, respectively.


Physical activity is recognized as effective for rehabilitation from dementia and more effective if combined with cognitive activity. In this study, two kinds of rehabilitation attempts using a humanoid robot that moved like a human body were made to help the physical activities of elderly people. In one attempt, the robot communicated by gesture and voice with the people and gave questions and hints for them to move as designated. In the other attempt, the robot, as a trainer, instructed multiple elderly persons to perform exercises.


Currently, building a service-oriented government has become a major means in the transformation of governmental administrative pattern.As an important government regulatory authority, the Quality and Technology Supervision Department is also moving from a "management" department to a "service department. To lift the service level, the service standardization is an important ladder.Analyzing the practice of the administrative services standardization and the characteristics of the Departments'administrative function, the thesis bases on the current condition of the Departments in pursuing service standardization, and puts forward some basic conception for the future standardization of the Departments'administrative services.


An 8-year-old boy is described who developed hypersensitivity to carbamazepine manifested by fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and asthma with eosinophilia. The abnormal reaction resolved rapidly following cessation of the drug.


Aspects of Kelvin's work that are a subject of study today are outlined focusing on five topics: The Kelvin (foam) problem, Kelvin Waves and their role in the El Nino phenomenon, the application of Stirling engines and the possibility of reliable earthquake prediction.


Arguing for the political rather than purely aesthetic basis for Yan Zhenqing's (709-785) reputation in Chinese calligraphy, the text posits that it was due to a handful of influential and well-educated men in the 11th century, who sought advancement by associating themselves with Yans' reputation.


The invention discloses an effect-enhancing bactericidal composition containing fluazinam and hexaconazole and the application of the same. The fluazinam and the hexaconazole serve as main active components of the composition, wherein the mass ratio of the fluazinam to the hexaconazole is 30:1 to 1:20. The composition disclosed by the invention is suitable for the preparation of a bactericide forpreventing and treating crop diseases of wheat, peanut, fruit trees and vegetable, and has the advantages of synergetic effect enhancement, expanded prevention and control spectrum and good effect; moreover, the total content of administered active components is reduced, and the cost is lowered.


In the last two decades, the world economy has been challenged by different economic and financial crisis. These events have captured researchers' attention, and in particular the analysis of contagion effects derived from stock market shocks have been a focal point of interesting discussions. However, there is little consensus on how contagion should be defined and indentified. Consequently, this paper contributes to the already settled debate on the area proposing the analysis of contagion effects in a worldwide framework, where three different econometric models to test for contagion are being used. The main results are in line with most of the existing literature analysing this topic, and our results do not find strong evidence supporting contagion effects derived from the US stock markets, neither in a worldwide nor in a regional form. Hence, these findings bring evidence that there is still a lot of work to be done on how to define contagion, and even more so, on how to measure it.


A new approach for the synthesis of isatins and isoindigoes by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly NaI-mediated transformation is disclosed. The selectivity could be switched by simply varying the solvent, and isatins (using THF) and isoindigoes (using DMSO) could be obtained in moderate to excellent yields.


The invention provides a transmission method of video software. The method includes following steps: receiving a video playing file selected by a user; loading the video playing file, and detecting the speed of the current network; and determining the time for loading the file in advance according to the speed of the current network. According to the technical field, the method is advantaged by fast loading.


Videos flow as the mixture of language, acoustic, and vision modalities. A thorough video understanding needs to fuse time-series data of different modalities for prediction. Due to the variable receiving frequency for sequences from each modality, there usually exists inherent asynchrony across the collected multimodal streams. Towards an efficient multimodal fusion from asynchronous multimodal streams, we need to model the correlations between elements from different modalities. The recent Multimodal Transformer (MulT) approach extends the self-attention mechanism of the original Transformer network to learn the crossmodal dependencies between elements. However, the direct replication of self-attention will suffer from the distribution mismatch across different modality features. As a result, the learnt crossmodal dependencies can be unreliable. Motivated by this observation, this work proposes the Modality-Invariant Crossmodal Attention (MICA) approach towards learning crossmodal interactions over modality-invariant space in which the distribution mismatch between different modalities is well bridged. To this end, both the marginal distribution and the elements with high-confidence correlations are aligned over the common space of the query and key vectors which are computed from different modalities. Experiments on three standard benchmarks of multimodal video understanding clearly validate the superiority of our approach.


Challenging behavior exhibited by young children is becoming recognized as a serious impediment to social–emotional development and a harbinger of severe maladjustment in school and adult life. Consequently, professionals and advocates from many disciplines have been seeking to define, elaborate, and improve on existing knowledge related to the prevention and resolution of young children's challenging behaviors. Of particular concern for the field of behavioral disorders is the lack of correspondence between what is known about effective practices and what practices young children with challenging behavior typically receive. To increase the likelihood that children receive the best of evidence-based practices, the current analysis was conducted to provide a concise synthesis and summary of the principal evidence pertaining to the presence and impact, prevention, and intervention of challenging behaviors in young children. A consensus building process involving review and synthesis was used to produce brief summary statements encapsulating core conclusions from the existing evidence. This article presents these statements along with descriptions of the strength of the supporting evidence. The discussion addresses directions and priorities for practice and future research.


PURPOSE: To provide an apparatus for desulfurizing flue gas having a gas layered sieve plate, which is able to keep the surface of slurry in an absorption tank constant by installing a top-entry mannered agitator on the top of the absorption tank, thereby evenly distributing exhaust gas flown-in the absorption tank in a gas pipe. CONSTITUTION: A gas distribution plate having many gas vents (31) is located at the inner center portion of an absorption tank (30). An overflow pipe (34) with an adequate height is integrally formed with an edge circumference of the gas distribution plate to overflow an absorption solution (33) including limestone, and is extended to a lower part of the gas distribution plate. An liquid rising pipe (35) is installed at the lower part of the gas distribution plate at a regular intervals to allow the absorption solution to rise to an upper part of the gas distribution plate.


INTRODUCllON The presence of sleep disturbances (S.D.) in headaches sufFerers (HS) is now such a common event that S.D. have been identified as one of the main factors of "headache risk"( 1,2,3 ) . Ule indicate as S.D. those non epileptic phenomena which use to break the status of quiet night sleep during developmental age. Such disturbances are: sleeptalking , sleepwalking, enuresis, night-terrors, head.nod, nightmares, hypnagogic hallucinations and bruxism. These are usually more frequent in boys, can be variably associated among them and in certain events the occurence of S.D. is already shown in family history. In many case the subject does not remember the event and in most cases the S.D. occur during the NR€M period of sleep. It is not yet very clear, whether the common characteristics of hypersensitivity and emotionality or neurohormone anomalies, which have been in part already hypothesized(4) , are the mechanism that binds these two events. for look for of understand better which was the link between these two events, we have started to study some neurohormones, which play a role as in the headache crisis as in the Sleep Disturbances. These are: basic Noradrenaline (NR), Epinephryne (€), Nor-epinephryne (N€), Serotonin (5-HT), Cortisol (CO), and Prolactine (PRl).


Mucin 1 (MUC1) is an attractive tumor marker for cancer diagnosis. An advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM) mode, peak-force tapping AFM with an aptamer functionalized tip, was introduced to map the specific interaction sites of an aptamer and MUC1. Single molecular force spectroscopy (SMFS) was used to investigate dynamic parameters of the aptamer-MUC1.


Conceptualizing the urban economy in a dualistic framework generated debate since it was first introduced in the International Labor Organization (ILO) studies in the early 1970s (Moser 1978). The duality originally posed in these studies with reference to urban economic activities was later adopted in contexts as diverse as transportation and housing, gradually losing its differen tiating focus. Currently its use is quite ambiguous, and may even misguide public action unless its connotations are clarified at the· outset of policy formulation. Historically, the 'informal' housing concept has been equated with self-built housing. Nonmonetary relationships in particular have been perceived as characterizing 'informal' housing production and transactions. In this paper, by highlighting the increased evidence of commercjalization of housing activi ties,2 I will illustrate the increasing ambiguity of the 'informal' housing con cept. If the empirical evidence shows that the distinction between formal and informal housing sectors is blurring, the justification for using these concepts to characterize housing activities would be untenable. This paper is an attempt to critically assess what we mean by the 'informal' housing sector, and to examine whether the distinction between formal and informal sectors as an analytical construct accurately depicts current housing activities in developing countries.


An Ultra‐thin Miniaturized Metamaterial Perfect Absorber operating over the X‐band frequencies with improved selectivity performance is proposed. The structure uses rectangular patches partly encircled by L‐shaped metallic strips, placed diagonally on the top plane of the component and a concentric split‐ring in the center. The component exhibits broadband absorption response over the entire X‐band range with two absorption peaks at 7.8 GHz and 9.86 GHz, respectively. The structure has been simulated for different angles of oblique incidence and it gave good results under such circumstances. Also, the thickness of the substrate is very less (about 0.07λ, with respect to the center frequency of the bandwidth) and a comparative study of the proposed structure with other similar structures available in literature is furnished to establish the improved performance of the same. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2367–2370, 2016


The aim of this research is to study the co-deposition behavior of Ag and Al2O3 particles within Ni–P coating and the corrosion resistance of Ni–P–Ag and Ni–P–Al2O3 composite coatings. The structure of the composite deposits was evaluated by XRD and the morphology and cross-section of the coatings were analyzed by SEM and TEM. 3D optical profilometer was also used to determine the surface roughness of the coatings and the co-deposition percentage was calculated by the image analysis of micrographs. The electrochemical behavior of the coatings were evaluated by open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and also electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results showed that the Al2O3 particles were co-deposited more than that of Ag particles in the existence of CTAB cationic surfactant whereas maximum co-deposition were achieved about 20 and 34 vol% in Ni–P–Ag and Ni–P–Al2O3 composite deposits. Moreover, the phosphorus content and especially the deposition rate of Ni–P matrix coating were strongly influenced by the concentration of the particles in plating solution. The different co-deposition behavior of these two types of reinforcements have been directly correlated to the density, particle size and zeta potential of the particles. The EIS results revealed that the incorporation of Ag and alumina powder in Ni–P matrix cause the lower corrosion resistance rather than that of conventional Ni–P coating. This behavior has been attributed to the pore formation in the composite deposits as well as the galvanic corrosion especially in Ni–P–Ag composite coating.


Ver-Abstract Sealed and, in particular, unsealed beta radiation sources are coming in a more frequent use in nuclear medicine. As a consequence, partly high radiation exposures, particularly to the hands of the clinical and laboratory staff


Here we present a fiber-optic sensor of bending and demonstrate its application in monitoring of assisted breathing. The sensor is based on a long-period fiber grating and uses a simple monochromatic interrogation scheme. Here, we first explain the working principle of the sensor and then present a method for the measurement of respiratory volumes. The measurement is based on the correlation between a change in lung volume and the corresponding change in a local torso curvature. We validate the method by applying a calibration-test measurement procedure on a set of 15 healthy volunteers. Results show good sensor accuracy in measurements of the tidal and minute respiratory volumes for clinically relevant types of breathing. Finally, we compare the proposed method with the current clinical standards and competing techniques.


The general nature of flow-disturbances and turbulence in fluid flows, and the special features which may govern their appearance in unsteady flows, are considered. A hot-film anemometer system, modified for use within arteries, has been used to examine flow disturbances in the aorta. Results suggested that the extent of flow-disturbances may be influenced by both peak flow velocity and pulse-rate, expressed in terms of the relevant fluid dynamic parameters. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed, and power spectra for laminar and highly disturbed aortic velocity waveforms presented.


Edraianthus pumilio is stenoendemic plant native to Dalmatia, Croatia. This paper deals with its phytochemical and biological profile. Phytochemical profile of volatile oil was performed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), while total phenolic content of its aqueous extract was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The phytochemical analysis showed that the main volatile oil compounds were nonanal (21.2%) and myristicin (16.4%). This oil could be characterized as nonanal-myristicin type. Total phenolic content of aqueous extract was 30.6 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g extract. Results of testing antioxidant potential of E. pumilio volatile oil and aqueous extract showed low antioxidant potentials as tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results also showed low acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential of volatile oil and low to moderate potential of aqueous extract, as tested by Ellman method.

 Key words: Edraianthus pumilio (Schult.) A. DC., volatile oil, aqueous extract, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry  (GC/MS), total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Ellman.


This paper presents a new class of linear permanent magnet (PM) vernier machines which is suitable for low speed and high thrust force applications. The machine is composed of a tubular stator and a tubular translator. The stator consists of an iron core with salient teeth wound with 3-phase armature windings and PMs mounted on the surface of stator teeth. The translator is designed as a simple tubular iron core with salient teeth so that it is very robust to transmit high thrust force. By using the finite element method, the characteristics and performances of the proposed machine are analyzed and verified.


Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Bodies (NEB) are clusters of innervated amine- and peptide-producing cells distributed throughout the airway mucosa and are thought to function as hypoxia-sensitive airway chemoreceptors involved in respiratory control or other pulmonary homeostatic mechanisms. This book reviews recent advances in the cellular and molecular biology of NEB cells, with emphasis on the mechanism of oxygen sensing, as well as morphology, ontogeny, molecular markers and in vitro models. The possible functions during neonatal adaptation are also discussed. Standing orders placed before 31 December 1996 will receive a 10% reduction off the list price of all volumes published within the series between the order date and 31 December 1997. This offer is valid as of June 1996, on a firm order basis only.


This phenomenological study has focused on need of divyangjan and other relevant issues and challenges related to psycho social and vocational rehabilitation of employed divyangjan at work place. ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Anatomy A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY ON PSYCHOSOCIAL AND VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF EMPLOYED PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (DIVYANGJAN) AT WORK PLACE


This article makes two related assertions about Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Endgame. First, it uncovers the original source of the word "knook," which is the term Pozzo uses to describe Lucky, his carrier, in Godot. And second, referencing explanations in a letter written by Beckett to this author in 1960, it discusses sequences from the French versions of both Godot and Endgame that Beckett did not include in his English translations. Taken together, in the context of these and other Beckett literary works (Molloy, All That Fall, Embers), these assertions coalesce to open a new window on Beckett's mental landscape.


Thermoreversible recording medium attached to an article transport in a predetermined direction, provided on either side of the laser transmission path rewriting apparatus. The laser device to a rewritable thermoreversible recording medium emits laser overwriting the picture. The laser device having a rewritable image erasing apparatus and an image recording apparatus. The image erasing apparatus, the image is erased by emitting laser light onto the thermoreversible recording medium; an image recording apparatus on the downstream side along the transmission direction of the image erasing apparatus, after the image is erased in the image erasing apparatus, by laser irradiation thermoreversible recording medium for recording a new image. The image erasing apparatus and an image recording apparatus, each having a light emitting portion, a laser emitting in the side wall of the same side by a predetermined transmission direction of the light emitting aperture.


We get a criterion for 0 to be in the essential spectrum of a sum of self-adjoint operators whose pairwise products are compact. Using this result, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the sum of ranges of such operators to be closed.


First paragraph: Good management of farm field machines is a substantial portion of a farm's economic success. Good machinery management includes understanding the mechanical principles and limitations of each machine, efficient operations in the field, appropriate machine maintenance, timely repair and replacement, and selection of a machine system. Good machinery management requires an economic analysis of the actual or proposed management activities. This section presents simplified mathematical and economic concepts designed to be applied by on-farm managers to the problems in machinery management.


The occurance of wound healing complications (WHCs) in the groin after vascular surgery is a serious medical and financial problem. Surgical site infections (SSIs) in the groin are reported with an incidence between 3% and 44%. In up to 6% deep groin infections involve the implanted prosthetic material. Since years case reports and clinical studies report on the effectiveness of the Closed Wound Therapy Incision Negative Pressure (ciNPT) on wound incisions in the groin. The aim of this paper is to review the clinical data of the ciNPT in the treatment of wound incisions in the groin after vascular surgery.


: This paper argues for a re-evaluation of the relationship between Berkeley and his predecessor, the neo-Aristotelian thinker John Sergeant. In the literature to date, the relationship between these two thinkers has received attention for two reasons. First, because some commentators have attempted to establish a causal connection between them – specifically, by focusing on the fact that both thinkers develop a theory of 'notions'. Second, because both Berkeley and Sergeant develop 'anti-representationalist' arguments against Locke's epistemology. The first issue has received much greater attention, particularly from commentators seeking an explanation for Berkeley's use of the term 'notion'. Only one scholar, G. A. Johnston (in 1923), has considered Berkeley and Sergeant's anti-representationalism in any depth. In this paper, I argue that the weight given to the causal connection between Berkeley and Sergeant's 'notions' is misplaced since the evidence in favour of this connection is weaker than is usually acknowledged. Instead, I build on Johnston's analysis of the conceptual connection between Berkeley and Sergeant's anti-representationalism. I first corroborate Johnston's claim that there are striking similarities between their criticisms of Locke before going beyond that analysis by identifying two important similarities between their anti-representationalist arguments.


In this paper we propose an improved methodology and technology of simulation studies of complex systems as a result of development and improvement of the traditional methodology. The main difference is the improved methodology consistent automation of the process of research and the integration of all programs in a single complex. Software systems that are created on the basis of this methodology allowed an average cut several times during the study of complex systems and significantly increase the number of potential users of simulation


There are several advantages to the use of planktonic rotifers as freshwater bioassay organisms, yet few studies report toxicological data for these taxa. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the 24-h acute toxicity responses of Brachionus calycifiorus to six heavy metals, and to compare metal tolerance of this species to published results for other aquatic organisms. Metal toxicity to B. calyciflorus, in decreasing order, was Hg > Cu > Cd > Zn > Fe > Mn. This order follows the theoretical ranking by affinity for anionic radicals based on Lewis acid-base classification. While not quite as sensitive as Daphnia magna, B. calyciflorus is potentially useful as a bioassay species because it is easy to culture and manipulate, and is widely distributed in alkaline waters of eastern North America.


This paper derives a simple yet effective PI controller parameter tuning algorithm that enables the controller to adaptively regulate dynamical processes in an autonomous way by merely observing the process output errors. The convergence of the parameter tuning algorithm is guaranteed so that the resulting direct adaptive PI control system is stable. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed adaptive PI control scheme are demonstrated through the direct control of a typical nonlinear chemical process. Simulation results indicate that it is more robust and powerful in accommodating process nonlinearity, unmeasured disturbances, and plant parameter variations than existing conventional PI controllers.


Abstract To achieve quick response of production, it is necessary to abandon the traditional form of production process planning. Nowadays, most of the products are designed by using CAx software. The product design 3D model contains not only the geometrical data of product, but may contain a part of the process plan and technological data as well. The process plan is important to enter the process of manufacturing of various precision engineering components of complex shape. Using the highest level of programming through graphical engineering system, a 3D model and the ISO programs using CNC machine tools were designed.


Within the Mathematics of Finance classes at the Smeal College of Business Administration at Penn State University, lectures are developed using Asymetric's Toolbook program and are presented through a computer system. This approach was implemented because it has the potential to convey effectively concepts that arordinarily difficult to communicate to large classes of students. For example, the class can input arbitrary interest rates and instantly see their effects on other variables. In the fall semester of 1992, an analysis was conducted on a class of 58 junior-level actuarial science students by making video recordings of all class lectures. One camera focused on students and their physical reactions and the second camera recorded images projected by the computer system. Students also took pretest and posttest attitude surveys about the lectures. The video-recording technique was an effective methodology, in spite of the time required for analysis. Students, as expected from their pretest attitudes, found the approach comfortable and appeared to perceive the animation of the concepts and ideas as useful and attention gaining. One table and seven figures present analysis data. (Contains 6 references.) (SLD) ******I ****************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


As one of the essential pieces of evidence of crime scenes, footprint images cannot be ignored in the cracking of serial cases. Traditional footprint comparison and retrieval require much time and human resources, significantly affecting the progress of the case. With the rapid development of deep learning, the convolutional neural network has shown excellent performance in image recognition and retrieval. To meet the actual needs of public security footprint image retrieval, we explore the effect of convolution neural networks on footprint image retrieval and propose an ensemble deep neural network for image retrieval based on transfer learning. At the same time, based on edge computing technology, we developed a footprint acquisition system to collect footprint data. Experimental results on the footprint dataset we built show that our approach is useful and practical.


In 1945, Karlgren established that some types of weapons and tools from An-yang, dating back to the Yin Dynasty, re-appear in Suei-yiian and Siberia.1) The similarities are so frequent and so striking that a connection between them cannot be denied. If a series of important metal types are related, then the bearers of these objects must also be in some way historically connected. The only question is: what kind of relation existed between »Yin-time China and the Nomad culture of Suei-yiian and Siberia*?2) We must remember, moreover, that Siberia3) and Suei-yiian differ from one another to such a degree4) that the existence of affinities between these regions seems to be a problem in itself. Presuming that there could not be any relation between South Siberia and An-yang without contact with the regions of the Great Wall — which lies just in the middle — we are confronted with two special problems: 1. What are the relations between the high-culture of An-yang and the northern confines of China? 2. What are the relations between these »Nomads» of the northern confines of China and the inhabitants of South Siberia? Karlgren thinks it is possible to establish a typological and chronological series originating in An-yang, passing on to Suei-yiian and then to the Minusinsk region. Certain types entered even into the Pontic Scythian culture. By means of this typological series Karlgren concludes that China was the stronger partner, that the general »cultural current)) flowed towards the North and Northwest and that the objects in the Ordos region and still more so those in Siberia are younger than those in An-yang. Karlgren's wording, however, is very cautious. He says that he only wanted »to show that certain features of the Nomad art can best be explained as being due to an influence from Yin-time China». But


Summary

Palaeomagnetic, K–Ar and Ar40/Ar39 measurements have been made to elucidate Nicaragua's plate tectonic history. These show that the Nicaraguan Highland rotated 90° counterclockwise between 30 and 18 Myr ago, but the Pacific Coastal Plain has not rotated.

A lack of data has prevented a direct comparison with the tectonic history of adjacent areas, in particular, the Chortis Block, which is the part of the Caribbean Plate that is geologically most closely related to the Nicaraguan Highland. However, our data suggest that the Caribbean Plate in this part of Central America was not consolidated until c. 15 Ma.


A previous paper described a method for determining the dynamic elastic and viscous coefficients of rubber‐like materials from measurements of the phase velocity and attenuation of longitudinal waves in thin narrow strips. For a particular material at a given temperature, measurements were not feasible above some frequency at which either the attenuation became too large, or the wave‐length became too small for ready measurement. The present paper describes a method which has been developed to circumvent these difficulties and to permit measurements between 10 and 100 kc for most rubber preparations. A small disk of rubber is placed in contact with the end of a freely suspended nickel rod and the effect of the specimen upon the resonant frequencies and upon the "Q" of the rod is determined. The elastic and viscous coefficients of the material are found from the measured quantities through mathematical relations which are described. An anti‐resonant rod affords an effectively rigid backing for the sample. ...


Scan matching is a popular way of recovering a mobile robot's motion and constitutes the basis of many localization and mapping approaches. The work presented in this paper consists in the implementation of a SLAM method (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) based on the Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm on the Robucar, a car-like mobile robot. Two variants are considered related to the error metric minimization. These variants of ICP-SLAM have been implemented and tested on the robot for performance's comparison.


This study empirically investigates the effect of intra-regional trade in the
ASEAN Transition Economies, namely Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and
Vietnam. Using the gravity model, this study examines whether the decision
to join the ASEAN membership and the formation of the ASEAN Free Trade
Area (AFTA) resulted in an increase in intra-regional trade for the period
1990 to 2005. From basic gravity variables, the study found that GDP as a
proxy for market size, population, relative endowment, distance and common
border are the main determinants of bilateral trade in the ASEAN Transition
Economies. Overall results found that the intra imports decreased with the
ASEAN Transition Economies but increased with the original ASEAN. Closer
examination shows that Cambodia, Lao and Vietnam traded more with new
members; meanwhile Myanmar imported more from the original ASEAN.
This study also found that Vietnam increased exports more than imports to the original ASEAN.


With more and more attention to nature gas hydrate exploration and development,more and more attention also has been paid to drilling technology in gas-bearing hydrate formation. According to drilling characteristics in hydrate formation and based on existing nano-materials,through a large number of experiments a new nano-Si O2 drilling fluid has been established for drilling in gas-bearing hydrate formation: seawater + 2% Nano-Si O2+ 3% bentonite + 1% Na-CMC + 3% SMP-2 + 1% PVP( K90) + 2% KCl,subsequently low temperature traditional performance and hydrate formation inhibition of this drilling fluid have been evaluated. Experimental results show that,this drilling fluid has optimum density,good low temperature rheology and shale hydration inhibition,and is able to effectively inhibit free gas from hydrate dissociation reformat hydrate in drilling fluid circulation system for a long time.Therefore,this drilling fluid is beneficial to keep borehole safety and successful drilling operation while drilling in gas-bearing hydrate formation.


Abstract Aging in place finds meaning through the quotidian. The mundanity of this work is the crux of its poignancy. This phenomenological study utilizes photovoice to explore how older adults manage to age in place in an age-friendly city. By interrogating micro- and macro-level realities, this study elicits the strategies seventeen informants use, including how their multiple identities and positionalities become implicated in the process of negotiating and navigating everyday environs, their acts of resistance and resilience, their articulations of hope or pressure to manage the future, as well as the risks and opportunities they encounter and the conditions shaping them, such as urbanization, discrimination, and distribution of resources between generations and groups. To "see" how informants do the "doing" of aging in place has implications for age-friendly community initiatives. It helps to capture the sociality of aging and demonstrates the way the materiality of inequality is sown through lived experience.


Introduction The Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) belongs to the most abundant foreign trees planted in Poland. This tree species was introduced to Poland in the 1840s (Szymanowski 1960), and in Western Poland (earlier Prussia) it appeared prior to 1880 (Tumilowicz 1970). The Douglas fir is appreciated for its rapid growth, high productivity (higher than the species naturally occurring in the area), as well as high resistance for pests and diseases (Mejnartowicz 1997). The first Polish studies on the acclimatisation of Douglas fir in the region date back to the 1920 (works of Tyniecki, Sokolowski, Schappach, see Tumilowicz 1967, Suchocki 1926). These studies focussed on the inventory of existing planted areas, usefulness of seeds from various regions of Northern America to be planted in Poland, and evaluation of the suitability of the timber as a material for sawmills. First attempts to determine the impact of climatic and soil conditions on growth of this tree species were made by Borowiec (1965), Tumilowicz (1967), as well as Birot and Burzynski (1985). These studies demonstrated that the highest negative impact on radial growth of Douglas fir trees was due to low winter temperatures and early-spring frosts. Based on the analysis of the climatic conditions in Poland (the ratio of the total precipitation to the average monthly temperatures), Borowiec (1965) determined the most suitable areas for planting Douglas fir, among others the Pomerania and Baltic Coast regions. The investigations presented here were based on the fact that various tree species react on changing climatic conditions in different ways. Determination of predominating factors influencing formation of annual growth rings at trees could enable reconstruction of climate beyond the period of instrumental records as well as prediction of dimensions of radial growth in the near future.


Abstract The history of research on achievement striving has been characterized by the development of several separate lines of inquiry in relative isolation, one from the other. Three themes are most notable: research on need achievement (motivation), formulations of test anxiety (emotion), and the exploration of information-processing (cognitive) factors with special attention given to the organization of effective study skills. In the absence of a unified approach to an understanding of achievement behavior, research has been largely confined to attempts to establish simple one-to-one correspondences between various organizing constructs, say, test anxiety, and the achievement outcomes they are thought to influence. For instance, a veritable flood of studies beginning at the turn of the century has demonstrated the existence of a negative relationship between level of anxiety arousal and performance across a variety of testing and assessment conditions (for a review, see Heinrich & Spielberger, 1982). ...


Gene therapy has gained significant attention over the past two decades as a potential method for treating genetic disorders. One of research directions was focused on designing effective carrier vectors that compact and protect oligonucleotides for gene therapy. In these gene vectors, viral vectors were associated with fundamental problems, including toxicity, immunogenicity, and limitations etc. Other most researches were to focus on designing non-viral vectors, such as cationic polymers that can form complexes with DNA to apply for gene delivery. Cationic lipids and polymers, the most important non-viral vectors, have many advantages over viral ones as non-immunogenic, easy to produce and not oncogenic. However, the efficiency and toxicity are still obstacles to the application of non-viral vectors to gene therapy, for instance, transfection efficiency of PEI has been studied over a wide range of molecular weights, but high molecular weight polymers also result in significantly higher cytotoxicity. The main objective of the present work was the development of new cationic nanopolymer carrier system for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA). New amphiphilic muti-block cationic copolymer based on diethylenetriamine (DETA) monomer and quaternization of amine of DETA (qDETA) bring the positive charge to decrease toxicity. However, the Bis-(PLGA-Phe-PEG)-qDETA of new cationic copolymer was synthesized by quaternary ammonium moiety, PEG, phenylalanine and PLGA. Among them, PLGA has hydrophobicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility, PEG can be reduced immunity and prolonged the circulation time in vivo, and the phenylalanine which can be improved the hydrophobicity and regarded as UV detector. Finally, new cationic nanoparticles have been prepared by water miscibility of solvent. The molecular structure of the synthesis molecules were evaluated with 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry and UV/VIS spectroscopy. Properties of the pDNA/Cationic-nanoparticles were evaluated with particle size, zeta-potential, SEM/TEM and PEG antibiotic assay. Cytotoxicity and gene transfection efficiency of pDNA/Cationic-nanoparticles were tested in vitro using cell culture. The N/P ratio of pDNA/Cationic-nanoparticles was 2/1 showed an optimal zeta-potential and binding affinity than others, suggesting the lower toxicity of the pDNA/Cationic-nanoparticles. The cationic-nanoparticles of Bis-(PLGA-Phe-PEG)-qDETA copolymers showed higher gene transfection efficiency. These results indicate that new cationic copolymer is promising candidates for gene delivery vehicles or hydrophobic drug carrier.


Six sites of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG)–induced lysis on three yeasts (Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pichia farinosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) coincided with the regions of growth of their glucan layers. Identification of the glucan layer as the site of lysis suggests a mechanism of attack by 2DG or by its derivatives. It is proposed that the glucan layer grows by addition of glucose into internal breaks of polysaccharide molecules. 2DG inhibited resynthesis (insertion of glucose) of the broken glycosidic linkage.


The article presents the results of a historiographical review of foreign scientific literature on the nature of Islamism in the 21st century. An important role in the foreign discourse of the 21st century was played by the study of the radical component in Islamism, which has various modifications and shades. In addition to studying radicalism and studying the issue of the social base of Islamism, special attention is paid to its political features and definition. The events of the Arab Spring led to speculation about another «decline of Islamism». According to foreign scholars, Islamism failed to achieve the main goal of building an Islamic state in the shortest possible time and underwent revision, resulting in more liberal post–Islamist ideas. There is an attempt to systematize the accumulated knowledge about Islamist ideology.


Alkaline phosphatases (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, E.C. 3. 1. 3. 1) from human placenta and intestine are activated by Mg2+, but inhibited by Zn2+. In these respects, the enzymes are different from the human biliary, bone, liver and kidney enzymes, which are much activated by Mg2+ and Zn2+. At pH 10.5, the Km of enzymes and enzymes inhibited by inorganic phosphate are not modified by Mg2+. These results suggest that the activation by Mg2+ proceeds through a binding of Mg2+ with other part of the active site of alkaline phosphatase. It was also found that the activity of alkaline phosphatases was remarkably influenced by binding metals, and Zn2+ and Mg2+ contents in both enzymes were 4 g-atoms/mole and 3-5 g-atoms/mole, respectively.


This study investigates the role of efficiency on relationship between intellectual capital and value of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Considering the spatial and temporal domain, study's statistical sample consisted of firms accepted in Tehran stock exchange from 29-12-2005 until 29-12-2011 and thus the statistical sample in this study is equal to 115 firms. To study the relationship between variables of this study, human capital, employed capital and structural capital (independent variable) and firm market value (dependent variable) was considered, and the relationship between these variables were examined together. In this way, a hypothesis was formulated and the relevant data were collected. To analyze the research data and estimate the models in this study, combined data approach has been used. And based on research results, the efficiency of employed capital utilization and human capital affect the firm market value. On the other, the efficiency of structural capital utilization doesn't affect the firm market value.


Biodosimetry-based discrimination between homogeneous total-body photon exposure and complex irradiation scenarios (partial-body shielding and/or neutron + photon mixtures) can improve treatment decisions after mass-casualty radiation-related incidents. Our study objective was to use high-throughput biomarkers to: a) detect partial-body and/or neutron exposure on an individual basis, and b) estimate separately the photon and neutron doses in a mixed exposure. We developed a novel approach, where metrics related to the shapes of micronuclei distributions per binucleated cell in ex-vivo irradiated human lymphocytes (variance/mean, kurtosis, skewness, etc.) served as predictors in machine learning or parametric analyses of the following scenarios: (A) Homogeneous gamma-irradiation, mimicking total-body exposures, vs. mixtures of irradiated blood with unirradiated blood, mimicking partial-body exposures. (B) X rays vs. various neutron + photon mixtures. Classification of samples as homogeneously vs. heterogeneously irradiated (scenario A) achieved a receiver operating characteristic curve area (AUROC) of 0.931 (uncertainty range of 0.903-0.951), and R2 for actual vs. reconstructed mean dose was 0.87. Detection of samples with ≥10% neutron contribution (scenario B) achieved AUROC of 0.916 (0.893-0.943), and R2 for reconstructing photon-equivalent dose was 0.77. These encouraging findings demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the proposed approach of analyzing micronuclei/cell distributions to detect clinically-relevant complex radiation exposure scenarios.


Fuzzy set theory provides a way for representing uncertainties. All uncertainty is unspoken to follow the characteristics of random uncertainty. This paper classifies the region of faculty performance using survey data collected from the sample respondents of the students. A procedure is created to classify and analyse according to the equivalence relations of fuzzy set theory. Some students will give positive responses whereas some give negative responses. The results are presented here for the classification of regions based on their interest.


The ligand, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehydethiosemicarbazone has been prepared by the condensation of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide. With the help of this ligand the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been prepared with general formula [ML2X2] where X is secondary ligand, Cl–, NO3– and CH3COO–. The composition of complexes has been established by their microanalysis, while the metal contents have been determined gravimetrically and volumetrically. On the basis of IR spectra, the coordinating mode of ligand has been determined and has been found to have coordinated through azomethine nitrogen and thione sulphur. The magnetic moment of Co(II) complexes has been found between 4.96-4.72 B. M. The value is slightly higher than the μs value corresponding to three unpaired electrons (3.872 B.M). The increase in value may be attributed to orbital contribution from 4T1g ground state cubic term. The appearance of four bands in their electronic spectra is indicative of tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry of Co(II) complexes. The magnetic moment (3.20-3.30 B. M.) and appearance of 4 bands in the electronic spectra of Ni(II) complexes confirms the distorted octahedral geometry of the complexes. The magnetic moment of Cu(II) complexes has been determined to be (1.95-2.20 B. M.) which shows that Cu(II) complexes are magnetically dilute complexes. The appearance of three bands in their electronic spectra confirms John - Tellor distortion in octahedral symmetry of Cu(II) complexes. The various crystal field parameters exhibiting tetragonal distortion in the octahedral symmetry have also been derived. The positive value of Dt predicts tetragonal elongation in Oh symmetry.


The literature on domestic debt default is sparse, as are the data. We compile a database on public debt that spans the nineteenth century to 2010. Our findings are as follows. First, domestic debt accounts for almost two-thirds of public debt. Second, the data help to explain the puzzle of why countries default on external debts at seemingly low debt thresholds. Third, domestic debt (which is often larger than the monetary base in the run-up to high inflation) has largely been ignored in the inflation literature. Last, the view that domestic residents are junior to external creditors does not find broad support.


The usage of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in polymer matrix has been explored for natural fiber composites to improve mechanical properties of the polymer. The PVA-modified tapioca starch was then used to produce coconut fiber composites. The study used 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% of PVA in the tapioca starch. PVA-modified tapioca starch reinforced coconut fiber biopolymer composite was then pro-ceeded with mechanical tests namely tensile test and impact test. All the specimens were tested in accordance to ASTM Standard; D3039/D3039M-08 and ASTM D256 for tensile properties and impact properties respectively. The results from the experiment showed that the tensile strength increased with increasing contents of PVA. PVA 15 wt% showed the highest tensile strength of 3.5 MPa. Another PVA contents of 5 wt% and 10 wt% showed tensile strength of 2.753 MPa and 3.064 MPa respectively. Apart from that, the result from impact test also showed that the impact energy increased with increasing content of PVA. PVA 15 wt% showed the highest impact energy of 1.054 J. Another PVA contents of 5 wt% and 10 wt% showed impact energy of 0.584 J and 0.872 J respectively.


The demand for thin lightweight structures has been ever increasing, which leads to new challenges on vibration control technology. This especially holds for the semiconductor industry where high standards are set when it comes to speed, precision and alignment accuracy. Flexible robot end-effectors, such as wafer grippers, tend to be prone to vibrations due to their lightweight design and low thickness. The added challenge is that the contact between the wafer and the gripper tends to be friction-based. When vibrations are not attenuated for these thin end-effectors, the wafer can slip, break or even get lost in the lithography machines. Current solutions have been to increase the thickness of the grippers as much as possible within budget or to add viscoelastic material to the gripper. However, these solutions only work up until a certain point and tend to provide limited damping. Smart materials, which are characterized by their coupling between different physical domains, are currently being researched to provide new methods to contribute to vibration attenuation [1]. The most common smart materials for the implementation in thin structures are: piezoelectric materials[2]–[7], shape memory alloys[8]–[11], thermo-elastomers[2], [12], and electroactive polymers[13], [14]. These smart materials can be integrated in a so called 'smart structure', that can reduce structural vibrations through the high degree of integration of sensors, actuators and an appropriate control system [15]. Piezoelectric materials tend to be the most commonly and extensively used smart material[16]. Piezoelectric materials are materials that produce an electrical charge when a mechanical stress is applied [17]. The inverse holds as well, where when a voltage is applied to the transducer.


Within the majority of contexts, it is persons that are considered to be competent or incompetent. However, in many cases it is the performance of groups and teams that is most important. This implies a concept of collective competence that integrates the set of skills in a group. In addition, the collective competence construction process is also enriched through collaboration which implies exchanges, confrontations, negotiations and interpersonal interactions. This paper presents our CSCW-based approach supporting collective competence construction. As a case of study, the industrial maintenance workspace is fundamentally a collaborative context. Our contribution in this area led us first, to analyse the related task in order to highlight collaborative maintenance vital needs and design the appropriate required group awareness supports which will be used to support collective competence. Finally, the experimentation study identifies the highly effective group awareness tools.


ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in hemodynamics, ventricular function, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption between septic and nonseptic patients who have the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DesignCohort analytic study. SettingTertiary care medical and surgical intensive care unit, university hospital. PatientsEighteen septic (survivors, n = 8; nonsurvivors, n = 10) and 14 nonseptic (survivors, n = 7; nonsurvivors, n = 7) patients studied within 24 hrs of the diagnosis of ARDS. InterventionsSimultaneous hemodynamic, radionuclide cineangiographic, and oxygen delivery and consumption measurements. Measurements and Main ResultsCardiac index, right and left ventricular ejection fractions, end-diastolic volume indices, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption were measured. There were no differences in mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, right and left ventricular ejection fractions, end-diastolic volumes, and oxygen delivery and consumption between septic and nonseptic patients. ConclusionsEarly in the course of ARDS, there were no differences in hemodynamics, ventricular function, and oxygen delivery and consumption between septic and nonseptic patients. Sepsis does not account for the previously reported differences in hemodynamics, ventricular function, and oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption between survivors and nonsurvivors of ARDS. We speculate that both ARDS and sepsis cause release of mediators which cause similar changes in hemodynamics, ventricular function, and oxygen delivery and consumption. (Crit Care Med 1994; 22:777–782)


Taking creative education as the guide,cultivating students' creativity as the goal,an equality and harmony inquiry mode was setted up,humane environment was built to cultivate students ' creativity.Experimental teaching contents were constructed,which are close to life and enterprise production,and have strong comprehensiveness, practicality,and operationality.It will motivate the students' innovative learning,culture their innovating thinking.The characters of independence,innovation and integrated promotion in experiment teaching were formed through the order and open form of experimental teaching.


In this paper, the tailings produced by non-ferrous metallurgy were magnetically separated to obtain magnetic separation tailings. The sintering performance of magnetic separation tailings was studied by sintering cup experiment platform. In the research process, the differences in
 sintering process of different magnetic separation tailings were compared, including vertical sintering speed, sintering coefficient, drum strength, finished product rate, end point temperature and other sintering indexes. At the same time, the obtained sinter was subjected to chemical analysis
 to obtain its specific components. The influence of magnetic separation tailings with different contents on sintering was obtained by ore blending. The experimental results showed that the copper tailings are not sintered and the yield is only 0%. Tin tailings are not sintered and the yield
 is only 22.30%. The aluminum tailings can be sintered into lumps with a yield of only 57.10%. As the proportion of magnetic separation tailings increases, the vertical sintering speed decreases, the sintering utilization coefficient decreases, the sinter drum index decreases, the yield decreases,
 the sinter grade decreases, and the SiO2, S and P contents increase. In actual production, the proportion of magnetic separation tailings should be controlled below 10%.


. This paper presents the first study of pairing computation on curves with embedding degree 15. We show that pairing computation on these curves has loop length r 1 / 8 and we use a twist of degree 3 to perform most of the operations in F p or F p 5 . Furthermore, we present an original arithmetic for extension fields of degree 5.


The use of crop residues for biofuel production has the potential to provide environmental and economic benefits to modern societies. Because of the profound impacts that crop residues have on agricultural productivity and soil health, a sustainable utilization of these residues is required. Thus, we determined crop yield and quality response for a range of biomass retention rates in grain cropping systems. Combinations of corn (Zea mays L.) stover (0, 3.33, 6.66 and 10 Mgha−1) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 Mgha−1) were soil applied in a corn-wheat/soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation in Virginia's Coastal Plain. Corn stover (0, 3.33, 6.66, 10 and 20 Mg ha−1) was applied in a continuous corn cropping system in the Ridge/Valley province. For each system, residues were applied following grain harvest over two production cycles. Each experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two cycles of crop residue management, with retention rates of up to 20 Mg ha−1 of corn stover retention in Blacksburg, and up to 13 Mg ha−1 of corn stover and wheat straw in New Kent, had no effect on total nitrogen (TN) and carbon (TC) concentrations, CN ratios, bulk density (BD), soil pH, field capacity, permanent wilting point, plant available water and water aggregate stability across soil depths and aggregate sizes in Virginia. In one situation when residue management slightly affected BD (0–2.5 cm depth, NK1), differences across the sixteen total retained residues treatments were less than 5%, thus rendering them not biologically or environmentally meaningful. Overall, results of this study did not show any clear short-term impact, resulting from various rates of crop residue retention in Virginia cropping systems. These incipient negative impacts resulting from very low rates of residue return warrant further studies to corroborate whether these results are to be found following long-term scenarios of crop residue management.


Studies the quadratic stability of T-S discrete fuzzy systems for the purpose to obtain the simpler conditions for stability than that as shown in earlier works. The sufficient conditions for quadratic stability are given by introducing the Lyapunov function adaptable to T-S discrete fuzzy systems. Then,the nonlinear matrix inequalities were converted into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by using the Schur complement,thus converting the T-S discrete fuzzy systems into convex combination ones with simpler LMI-based sufficient conditions given to quadratic stability. A numerical simulation was done to exemplify that such problems can be solved by using LMI and MATLAB and verify that the result of the theorem derived in this paper is better than those in earlier works. In this way the problems of robust control and H_∞ control could be studied further.


The number of anatomy educators using popular social media platforms such as YouTube (Jaffar, 2012), Facebook (Jaffar, 2014), and Twitter (Hennessy et al., 2016) to support their students has increased over recent years. Journals and conferences related to medical education are showing support for the scholarship of such work as it becomes more apparent that social media is ingrained in how today's students communicate and source information (Barry et al., 2016). During the recent joint summer meeting of The Anatomical Society and British Association of Clinical Anatomists (held at Brighton Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK on July 19–21, 2016), two further examples of academic social media platforms were described, one using Facebook (Pickering and Bickerdike, 2016) and one using Twitter (Gunn et al., 2016). Similar to the findings by Cheston et al. (2013) and George et al. (2013), in each of the reports listed in the previous paragraph, student feedback from academic social media platforms was considerably positive. In each case, students felt that the platform was useful for supporting their anatomy learning. Other benefits that students frequently reported were: facilitating communication with tutors, promoting discussion and engagement with the subject (Jaffar, 2014; Hennessy et al., 2016), and decreasing student anxieties (Hennessy et al., 2016; Pickering and Bickerdike, 2016). Although educators rarely make the use of these platforms compulsory, the favorable percentage uptake demonstrated by students [86% of cohort reported by Jaffar (2012); 23% by George et al. (2013); 89% by Jaffar (2014); 91% by Hennessy et al. (2016); 48% by Pickering and Bickerdike (2016), and 31% by Gunn et al. (2016)] suggests that they are interested and willing to engage with academic social media platforms. However, I have noticed one emerging trend from these reports—that only a minority of students actively make contributions to the platforms, instead the majority of students decide to simply visit and view the contributions made by others (Hennessy et al., 2016; Pickering and Bickerdike, 2016). What is the reason for this? Originally, I had accepted this as normal behavior since White and Le Cornu (2011) described internet users as either "residents" or "visitors" and concluded that visitors (observers) predominate over a small number of noisy residents (contributors) and like one student explained to me during a previous focus group: "You're always going to get those people who have no problem with asking questions and that would be the minority. . . . it's the same in lectures, it's always the same ones that ask the questions." But I have come to realize that there is another major factor limiting, as one student explained in a more recent focus group: "We've all got this inherent fear of sticking our neck on the line for the fear that you'll just end up coming out worse than you would otherwise. The whole process of getting into medical school. . .. . ..is a massive competition so you don't want to be seen to be stupid or. . .. . .like you don't know something." Pickering and Bickerdike (2016) supported this finding and reported that males are significantly less likely to ask a question on social media platforms in case they are perceived to lack knowledge. I recently learned that during their orientation week at medical school, students receive a very negative message about social media from curriculum leaders as they raised the issue of professionalism. One student recalled being warned as follows: "your social media account. . ..we're not monitoring it but if you say something or do something strange or criminal, it's going to come back and bite you. . ..nothing is invisible." Another student described the underlying feeling and belief amongst medical students that the "GMC [General Medical Council] are everywhere" monitoring and recording any unruly behavior on social media or otherwise which could damage their record and influence their career progression. Langenfeld et al. (2016) reported that such practice does take place in areas of the United States with 18% of surgical program directors visiting social media profiles of medical students and 45% visiting profiles of surgical residents, often resulting in candidates being lowered in rank or formally disciplined based on their social media behavior. Although one could argue that this is an invasion of privacy, most of the program directors did not concur, instead believing that medical professionals should be held accountable for their online behavior (Langenfeld et al., 2016) regardless of the intended audience. This seems a good argument since online social media content is open to the public, unless appropriate privacy settings are in place. By virtue of this fact, Langenfeld et al. (2014) observed that 26% of surgical resident exhibited unprofessional or potentially unprofessional behavior on Facebook, therefore it is not only medical students who are at risk of unprofessionalism online. *Correspondence to: Miss Catherine Hennessy, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Medical School Building, Falmer, BN1 9PX, United Kingdom. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pre-hospital emergency disease spectrum in Weihai from 2012 to 2013. Methods Based on emergency patients at emergency station of Weihai municipal hospital from2012 to 2013,we put the data of disease spectrum,the date of onset,treatment time,onset season as investigation index for statistical analysis. Results A total of 7 843 people received pre-hospital emergency treatment at the first-aid station in Weihai municipal hospital,including 4 103 male,3 740 female,among which 30 ~ 50 years old accounted for 54. 35%. The sort of disease spectrum were as follows: traffic accident injury,cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease,digestive system disease( diarrhea),alcohol poisoning,respiratory system disease,syncope and acute poisoning. Conclusion Prehospital emergency care in Weihai area has the epidemiological characteristics of itself. Efforts should be made to avoid nonemergency patients exploiting emergency resources,to strengthen the training of medical staffs,to strengthen the work of emergency team,and to improve the success rate of pre-hospital rescue.


During the year 1936 the number of patients treated at the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor, Southern India, was 493. No deaths from hydrophobia occurred among those treated; this is the fourth time in the thirty years' history of the Institute that the mortality rate has been nil. The Paris fixed virus was in use throughout the year for the preparation of Semple's carbolized sheep vaccine, and was in its 978th passage at the close of the year. No complications following treatment were reported. During the thirty years 1907 to 1936 the total number of patients treated was 36,604, and the number of deaths among them was 390, a mortality figure of 1.06 per cent. The work at the out-patient centres increased during the year under review, supplies of antirabic vaccine for 15,302 courses being issued, the mortality rate being 0.16 per cent. Out of the nine deaths among the incompletely treated, seven patients developed hydrophobia during the treatment ; the other two ran away before the course had been completed. All these patients were Asiatics. The total number of deaths was nineteen, nine of whom were incompletely treated and ten completely treated. Two deaths followed jackal bites, one a fox bite ; the remaining sixteen were due to dog bites. The shortest incubation period noted in 1936 was eleven days (after a jackal bite) and the longest 257 days (after a dog bite). The treatment given at the out-centres was the same as that at the Institute. Two cases of paralysis were reported during the year, both at out-centres. Thirty-four new treatment centres were opened in the Madras Presidency in 1936. The total number of doses of antirabic vaccine issued by the Institute was 210,147, as compared with 192,269 in the previous year. Major Iyengar, I.M.S., director of the Coonoor Institute, reports that special propaganda work was conducted in connexion with the Mysore Dasara Exhibition, which was attended by 150,000 visitors from all parts of the State of Mysore, and a lecture on the war against rabies was broadcast. The general clinical and bacteriological work of the Institute also increased in 1936, and postgraduate training was given.


reentrant excitation ([12][1]) is likely the most important mechanism for serious life-threatening arrhythmias. Traditionally, a major focus of antiarrhythmic drug development has been to explore the actions of drugs designed to block conduction in reentrant pathways(s). During the latter part of


for interventions to prevent subsequent unwanted pregnancies. the risk of subsequent pregnancy and the time interval from ED visit to to a necessary to effective to to the of pregnancy and the Time to Conception in at-risk teenage an ED visit. were of were tested for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia the Subjects were if they were in the Primary at the affiliated academic institution. Subsequent pregnancies were determined from the Primary Clinic charts. The duration of follow-up was 4 years.


Recently, domestic and overseas LCC's (Low Cost Carriers) increase air-traffic in Japan. However, we have narrow domain and many airports. Large training areas of USAF or JSDF also exist in the airspace. In the present circumstances, the flight safety is kept by separating airways from training areas. In the near future, increasing number of flights will make severe situation. In this paper, we try to optimize the evasive courses of aircraft in the narrow airspace. We formulate collision avoidance as a nonlinear programming problem and analyzed numerically. The optimal solution we obtained show courses in narrower spaces than ordinary ones. The assumption of limited airspaces is useful in severe situation like bad weather. Thus, this study might be a good proposal to decide direction for collision avoidance.


DUPLICATION of the colon is a rare condition. The term has been used to describe a variety of congenital abnormalities and the condition as a whole may be subdivided for clinical purposes into three groups.


The mass spectra of guanidine and ten of its derivatives have been studied under both high and low resolution conditions. Evidence was detected for the migration of methyl groups, the formation of intermediate three-membered ring structures and decompositions involving expulsion of N. with release of kinetic energy.


How to use the cryogenic fuel (12) in an engine for an aircraft (5) to generate waste heat (101), supplying a cryogenic fuel (12) of the liquid for combustion in the engine (101) a step of, prior to combustion in the engine (101), a step of evaporating the aircraft cryogenic fuel in the waste heat from (5) (12), to form a vaporized fuel from the cryogenic fuel (12), it can contain. Fuel evaporation system includes a cryogenic fuel reservoir with cryogenic liquid fuel (12), a waste heat from the aircraft (5), fluidly coupled to the cryogenic fuel reservoir and the engine (101), the heat source thermally and a combined heat exchanger, the heat exchanger, for combustion in the engine (101) in the cryogenic fuel in the liquid in the heat generated by a waste heat source (12) the by heating, it can be configured cryogenic fuel (12) to evaporate. .FIELD 1


. The hypothesis of this paper is that the construction sector's industrial transformation needs to focus on integrating building services technologies in the buildings of the future. This can be achieved by analysing developments in intelligent building services, exploring design strategies for effectively integrating building services, and by developing new industrialised solutions for building services technologies. This paper is based on current Danish research and practice, and it is based on linking research knowledge on building services to knowledge on user needs, building design and new industrial processes.


Good animation capability is an important feature of simulation software. Academic simulation systems are either lacking this feature or have very limited animation capabilities. Therefore this paper describes the Generic Factory Animator (GFA), a new open source post-processing animator which can be used with any discrete simulation system. The GFA transforms simulation data into a three-dimensional representation thereof. Structural and behavioral information provided as Extensible Markup Language (XML) files from simulation runs are converted into the Extensible 3D (X3D) format. The requirements of the input files are described and the internal structure of the GFA is explained along with the possibility to customize the animation output. The results are represented by an example of usage. Since X3D is an open and standardized format the resulting animation can be easily distributed and viewed in an X3D browser without the need of a simulation software.


This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activities and the quality characteristics of 70% ethanol extracts from onion peels with different extraction methods (autoclave extraction, AE; low temperature high pressure extraction, LTPE; reflux extraction, RE; and stirrer extraction, SE). The yields of AE, LTPE, RE and SE were 9.00%, 5.39%, 13.21% and 12.41%, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the AE were significantly higher than in the other extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging abilities with a concentration of 100 mg% (w/v) were : AE, 28.9%; RE, 26.07%; LTPE, 24.35%; and SE, 19.53%. The ABTS radical scavenging ability and the nitrite scavenging activity showed the same tendency as that of the DPPH radical scavenging ability. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of the LTPE and AE were higher than those of the RE and SE. The -Glucosidase inhibitory activity of the RE was higher than that of the extracts with other extraction methods. The nitrite scavenging activities with a concentration of 10 mg/mL were: AE. 33.97%; RE, 35.47%; LTPE, 21.86%; and SE, 21.71%. The ferrous ion chelating activity of the LTPE (54.73%) was significantly higher than that of the other extracts. These results suggest that AE is the superior method for the enhancement of anti-oxidant activity, and onion peel can be used as a natural antioxidant material for health foods and can be a good ingredient of functional foods.


On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee proposed to the Second Continental Congress "[t]hat these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States," and "[t]hat a plan of confederation be prepared and transmitted to the respective Colonies for their consideration and approbation."' Lee's resolution reflected the linkage between independence and confederation in the public mind.2 The result was the Articles of Confederation, drafted in 1776-1777 and finally ratified on March 1, 1781, which remained in effect until 1789 and represented the first American experiment with a written national charter.3 The conventional view of this period is that it was dominated by deep factional conflict concerning the amount of power that should be vested in the national government. 4 The text of the Articles, according to this view, represented a victory for the group favoring minimal national authority, 5 and as a result the Articles government


This paper presents a creative process aimed at developing innovative scenarios for mobile health. In detail, within the entire "MOHE" research framework, the paper is focused on a creative workshop performed in order to realize four movies of 2 minutes each describing next future scenarios. 20 participants, divided in 4 groups, where involved in 2 days intensive-work that has produced 4 storyboards of scenarios. The four groups were composed by designers and bioengineers with collaboration of medical specialists. Each group has focused their attention on a target-user (mothers, kids, adults and elderly people) in order to create new concepts for everyday healthcare services through mobile technology.


In the paper are considered spatial, undamped, free and forced, steady-state harmonic vibrations of a rod-body element – the system composed of a bisymmetric, elastic rod the ends of which are connected with two rigid bodies by means of spatial, weightless supports of both the displacement and rotation types. The loading is assumed to form a system of harmonic state vectors with identical frequencies and phases of vibrations. A matrix-type nonhomogeneous transformation equation is derived, based on the displacement method.


Much of the earlier literature on quantitative measurements of the human digestive system has been reviewed by Miihlmann ( '00 and '27) and by Kro-man ( '41) and for animals by Crile and Quiring ('40) and Brody ('45). Quantitative data for the digestive system are available for the cat (Latimer, '37), guinea pig (Eaton, '35) and mink (Kainer, '54). Slijper ( '46) lists body lengths and lengths of small and large intestines for 15 domestic and 16 wild European rabbits and for 31 rabbits of unspecified r'ace and sex. The weight and length of the entire digestive system of 65 normal and 35 heterozygous dwarf rabbits of small sized race X are included in an earlier report (Latimer and Sawin, '55b) and this study will extend the previous study to include a more complete quantitative analysis of the subdivisions of the digestive tube of these 65 normal and 35 dwarf ra%bits. These 35 heterozygous dwarfs will be called simply "dwarfs" throughout this paper.


Using mobile robots for transportation in a warehouse is becoming more and more common. Compared with human staff, these robots can handle the goods more accurately and more efficiently. Using robots can greatly reduce the operation cost of a warehouse. Optimal path planning for these robots can reduce the transportation time, guarantee the safety of the people in the warehouse, and reduce the goods delivery time and increase daily output. In this paper, we propose an optimal path planning algorithm for the mobile robot using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Potential fields are employed to guide to collect better quality training data to improve data efficiency. The simulation results have shown that DRL can successfully reach the goal position and avoid collision with the obstacles using the potential fields guided trail-and-error method.


Abstract The pseudoscorpion Neobisium (Neobisium) kobachidzei Beier, 1962 is recorded from Iran for the first time. This species is redescribed and its diagnostic characters illustrated, based on the newly collected specimens from this country. In addition, a list of Iranian pseudoscorpion species (71 species) and their provincial distributions is presented.


North Korea's immediate neighbors, particularly China, perceive a first-mover disadvantage in responding to North Korean instability. This paper seeks to project the path-dependent strategic considerations factoring into intervention in North Korean instability. Making specific reference to the political context and capacity for response on the part of China, the authors evaluate the benefits and costs to a first-mover in five scenarios of instability, including complex humanitarian emergency and collapse of state control, North Korea's lashing out, infighting and protracted struggle, infighting followed by humanitarian crisis, and North Korean nuclear proliferation. The paper concludes with an analysis of the geopolitical context in 2015 and China's evolving strategic interests for the Korean Peninsula.


This paper presents calculation and simulation of a three phase short circuit, single line to ground fault and lightning stroke transients on a 110 kV cable-overhead transmission line that connects the new 110/20 kV transformer station Djakovo 3 with the existing TS 400/110 kV Ernestinovo and TS 220/110 kV Djakovo. Calculation and simulation of short-circuit transients are made using the EMT DIgSILENT Power Factory module. Simulations of a lightning stroke are compared using the ATP-EMTP software and EMT DIgSILENT module. Using the composite DSL (DIgSILENT Simulation Language) model, the Direct lighting stroke has been represented as the Double-exponential function and the return stroke as the Heidler function. Using the ATP-EMTP model, the lightning stroke has been represented as the Heidler function. Lighting stroke simulations are made with and without the presence of ZnO polymer-housed surge arrester model in both simulation tools


In this paper, the coarse acquisition code (C/A code), which is for civil navigation, of the ranging codes for Global Positioning System (GPS) is studied, simulated and analyzed by the Use of Matlab. With the simulation results we can confirm the correctness of the method and feasibility, which is at simulation platform to further study on the real environment of GPS signal, so That it can capture the complexity of tracking the satellite signal environment, and improve the performance of satellite receiver.


Bipartite graphs are widely used to model social networks and web data. However bipartite graph data management (BGDM for short) is not fully studied. Without appropriate indexing structures, query and analysis operations on bipartite graphs are not efficient. In this paper, we raise the issues of BGDM and present architecture of BGDM. Then we propose a logic graph structure (i.e., star) for indexing bipartite graph to improve common operations efficiently. Furthermore, we propose a star-based block structure to store bipartite graphs and the relevant query algorithm. The star-based method may avoid loading the whole block for vertex queries using Bloom filter. Finally, our experiments show that the block design is effective and feasible for vertex query algorithm.


Provided is a surface-coated cutting tool, the hard coating layer of which exhibits excellent chip resistance and peeling resistance under conditions of high-speed intermittent cutting. This surface-coated cutting tool has a tool base, the surface of which is coated with at least a bottom layer that includes a TiCN layer having an NaCl surface-centered cubic crystal structure and a top layer that comprises a TiAlCN layer having a NaCl surface-centered cubic monophasic crystal structure or a multiphase crystal structure of NaCl surface-centered cubic crystals and hexagonal crystals, and is preferably further coated with an outermost surface layer including an Al 2 O 3 layer, wherein a complex nitride or complex carbonitride layer of the Ti and Al, when represented by the compositional formula Ti 1 – x Al x (C y N 1 – y ), has an average content ratio Xave of Al in the total amount of Ti and Al, and an average content ratio Yave of C in the total amount of C and N (where Xave and Yave are each atomic ratios), that respectively satisfy the expressions 0.60 ≤ Xave ≤ 0.95 and 0 ≤ Yave ≤ 0.005.


In an effort to lower the rate of attrition of Engineering students, during the early years of their education, the University of Nebraska - Lincoln has instituted a series of two freshman engineering courses which are designed to motivate and retain these students. A description of each of these courses and the motivating factors of each are discussed. Creative plots and conceptual engineering design projects are used as a means of holding interest and teaching the basic engineering skills.
 Surveys taken over a number of years have shown an increase in the retention of engineering students since these courses were instituted. These surveys are discussed.


We characterize and experimentally demonstrate the effect of negative chirp produced by SOA-MZI DXPM-based wavelength convertor at 40-Gb/s 33% RZ in a 80-km dispersion-compensated SMF link. >2-dB performance improvement is achieved by adding positive residual dispersion of +30ps/nm.


ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to determine if the quantity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with herpes encephalitis would be useful in establishing the prognosis of the disease and to determine the effect of antiviral therapy on the clearance of viral DNA from the CSF. Quantitation of HSV DNA was done by constructing an internal standard (IS) from the glycoprotein B amplicon which had a 25-bp deletion between primer annealing sites. Each CSF specimen was coamplified with the IS and the ratio of the amount of HSV/amount of IS was compared to the ratios on a standard curve constructed with the same IS plus known amounts of HSV DNA. CSF specimens were available from 16 patients who were treated with intravenous acyclovir, and the amount of HSV DNA ranged from <25 to 18,000 copies per μl in CSF obtained before or within 4 days of the initiation of acyclovir therapy. Patients with >100 copies of HSV DNA per μl were older, were found by computed tomography to have lesions, and had poorer outcomes than patients with <100 copies. Follow-up CSF specimens were available from seven patients. In six of these seven patients, the HSV DNA levels decreased during therapy. One patient had a twofold increase in HSV DNA levels after 1 week of therapy and died on day 8. The application of this assay may be helpful in establishing the prognosis and in the monitoring of patients with herpes simplex encephalitis.


This issue of Research in Gerontological Nursing launches a yearly State of the Science Commentary to update the professional community on the state of science for one aspect of gerontological nursing research. This contribution to the scientific discussion is designed to review progress, chart the course of future research, and coalesce priorities. The focus of the 2013 Commentary is nonpharmacological interventions—an area of leadership and priority for nursing science. The Commentary is written by an esteemed group of experts: