This paper aims at providing a parameter estimation method for the machine tool reliability analysis to overcome the problem of unavailability of a well-defined failure data collection mechanism. It uses the knowledge and experience of maintenance personnel to obtain the parameters of lifetime distribution of the repairable as well as non-repairable components/subassemblies. It is further developed for the cases where the knowledge available with the expert is with reference to the preventive repair/replacement policy used in the field. In case of imperfect repairs, the methodology also helps in estimating the value of restoration factor. The goodness of the proposed methodology at a given accuracy level in expert judgements are tested against the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. It is concluded that the expert judgement method provides a satisfactory alternative to statistical methods when no or very few historical time to failure data points are available.


A thesis submitted to Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science (Veterinary Public
Health and Preventive Medicine)
Department of Veterinary Public Health
and Preventive Medicine
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria.


The separation of benzene and cyclohexane azeotrope is one of the most challenging processes in the petrochemical industry. In this paper, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used as solvents for the separation of benzene and cyclohexane. DES1 (1:2 mix of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and levulinic acid (LA)), DES2 (1:2 mix of TBAB and ethylene glycol (EG)) and DES3 (1:2 mix of ChCl (choline chloride) and LA) were used as entrainers, and vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) measurements at atmospheric pressure revealed that a DES comprised of a 2:1 ratio of LA and TBAB could break this azeotrope with relative volatility (αij) up to 4.763. Correlation index suggested that the NRTL modelling approach fitted the experimental data very well. Mechanism of extractive distillation gained from FT-IR revealed that with hydrogen bonding and π–π bond interactions between levulinic acid and benzene could be responsible for the ability of this entrainer to break the azeotrope.


Cronstedtite (Fe2+3− x Fe3+ x )(Si2− x Fe3+ x )O5(OH)4, was found in an active quarry near Pohled, Czech Republic, in the Monotone Series of Moravian Moldanubicum near the eastern edge of the Moldanubian pluton. Rare, up to 3 mm large crystals occur in a vuggy, 3 cm thick hydrothermal pyrite vein, penetrating a migmatized paragneiss near the contact with two-mica granite of the Eisgarn type. Separated crystals (43 altogether) were studied using a four-circle X-ray diffractometer with a CCD area detector. From 217 frames per user-defined pre-experiment, the -2 hhl, hhl, -h 2 hl, h 0 l , 0 kl, -hhl (in hexagonal indices) precession-like reciprocal lattice sections were constructed using the diffractometer software. The OD subfamilies (Bailey's groups) and polytypes were identified from the reflection distribution along -21 l /11 l /-12 l and 10 l /01 l /-11 l rows (hexagonal indices), respectively. Selected crystals were further studied by electron-microprobe analysis (EPMA). Three types of crystals were distinguished: 1) mixed 2 H 1 + 2 H 2 crystals (group D) with the 2 H 1 polytype dominant in most specimens [lattice parameters of both polytypes a = 5.5002(4), c = 14.195(1) A, space groups: P 63 cm (2 H 1), P 63 (2 H 2)]; 2) the new non-MDO polytype 6 T 2 (group A) [ a = 5.4976(3), c = 42.601(1) A, space group P 31]; 3) mixed 3 T + 1 M (group A) crystals, [ a = 5.4975(4), c = 21.262(1) A, P 31 (3 T ), a = 5.4967(6), b = 9.5214(9) c = 7.3216(8) A, β = 104.52(1)°, Cm (1 M )]. Rare twins by reticular merohedry were identified in one 6 T 2 and one 3 T + 1 M crystal. Possible accessories of the 2 M 1 and some unknown polytypes were detected in some of the 6 T 2 and 2 H 1 + 2 H 2 crystals, respectively. The EPMA studies revealed that the 6 T 2 polytype is relatively Fe-poor (in the formula above, average x = 0.73), 3 T +1 M polytypes Fe-rich (average x = 0.77), and 2 H 1 (+ 2 H 2) polytypes have intermediate composition ( x = 0.72–0.78). Minor contents of chlorine were determined for 2 H 1 (+ 2 H 2) polytypes (up to 0.015 apfu ) and 3 T +1 M polytypes (up to 0.009 apfu ).


Background: Chronic pain not associated with a disease is very common in childhood and adolescence, with prevalence rates between 5-27%, and is considered to constitute a considerable health problem. Aim: The current update of literature aims at showing why studying chronic pain and related issues in children, adolescents and their families is important. Methods: Mostly recent


Multifrequency X-, C-, and L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the northern sea area off the isle of Heligoland in the German Bight of the North Sea have been analysed. The data were collected during the SAR and X-band Ocean Nonlinearities Research Platform North Sea Experiment (SAXON-FPN) which was carried out in November, 1990. Different oceanographic phenomena are visible on simultaneously obtained SAR images. Wind streaks and a vortex street can be identified only on the X- and C-band SAR images. Elongated streaks of predominantly low radar return are related to near-shore reefs and are imaged on all available radar scenes. The imaging mechanism of these submarine ridges is investigated and discussed using with some modifications the simple Bragg relaxation model proposed by Alpers and Hennings. The improved model differs from the original version in the representation of the unperturbed wave-energy spectral density. Also the advection term and the phase modulation (velocity bunching) have been included in the model. Due to the improvements it is now possible to simulate the radar cross-section modulation with the same order of magnitude at 0.4 GHz (X-band) and 5.3 GHz (C-band) as well as at 1.3 GHz (L-band). However, the simulated radar cross-section modulation is still underestimated compared with the SAR data, but the phase of the calculated radar cross-section modulation agrees quite well with the SAR measurements.


In this study, we propose a new approach for creating the optimal shape and topology of shell structures. By implementing topology optimization in the variable design domain which is optimized by shape optimization at every iteration, the optimal topology and shape is simultaneously determined. The free-form optimization method and the SIMP method for shells are used for shape and topology optimization, respectively. Compliance is minimized under both volume constraints for shape and topology optimization, and out-of-plane shape variation and fictitious density are used as the design variable. The optimum design problem is formulated as a distributed-parameter optimization problem, and the sensitivity functions for shape variation and density are theoretically derived. Both the optimal the optimal shape variation and density distribution are determined by using the H 1 gradient method, where the sensitivity functions are applied under the Robin condition to vary the shape and density. With the proposed method, the compliance is minimized, while maintaining smooth surface and the density distribution. The results show that the proposed simultaneous optimization method provides stiffer and lighter structures with less numerical instabilities.


uterus at the eighth month, was full of a dark greenish-coloured fluid evidently from hmorrhage having occurred into the cyst. There was also effusion of blood betw-een the walls of the cyst on one side, where it was of the consistence of the spleen. The pedicle which was formed by the left broad ligament, was twisted about one and a half turn from left to right. The right ovary, being enlarged and cystic, was also removed. Sickness was troublesome for the first few days after operation. but the patient made a perfect recovery. Remarks were made by Mr. L-AwSON TAIT, Dr. BARNES, Dr. R. T. SMITH, and Dr. PURCELL, and Dr. EDIs replied. Cyst of Broad Liqamnent.-Dr. R. T. SMrIiTH showed some silk ligatures whiclh had come away from a patient aged 43, from whom he had removed an ovarian tumour five months previously. A cystic swelling reaching to the umbilicus had recently developed, and at the operation it was found to spring from the broad ligament. The internal lining was easily enucleated with a few touches of the cautery applied in its deepest portion, where the adhesion was most intimate. The sac was then closed with ligature as low as possible and left as an ordlinary pedicle. It was tied in three loops with stout silk. A drainage-tube was left in the abdominal cavity, but was removed the next day, there being no hmemorrhage. For seven days the progress of the case was utninterrupted, and the wound healed. On the eighth day the dressings were found saturated with a brownish sour-smelling fluid, and the discharge continued for three months. The patient was sent to the seaside, having a small india-rubber drainage-tube in the wound. On her return the sinus was fouind to be six inches deep. A fortnight later the three-looped ligature came away, and in ten days the wound was absolutely healed, and the patient quite well. Dr. Smith said that possibly the cure would have been more speedy, and perhaps less risky, if the sac itself had been drained from the first.-Dr. BANTOCK said his practice was to slhell out the cyst from the wall proper, and if the base was so large as to make ligature unsafe, he stitched the sac to the parietes.-Mr. LAwso-soN TAIT said since Dr. Myers's paper he had enucleated all cysts of the broad ligament; once the cyst proper was out, drainage was a matter of the greatest ease, the tube being passed into the pocket of cellular tissuie. Hiemorrhage wnas not to be feared, and it was a matter of indifference whether they stitched the cyst to the abdominal wall or not.-Dr. EJ)Is said they learnt from the case that silk ligatures were not absorbed so easily as they might imagine. The one shown was scarcely altered at all.-Dr. INGLIs and Dr. HEYWOOD SMITH referred to some other instances of chronic sinuses. The Relation of G6ynmecology to General Practice.-Dr. DOLAN. read a paper on this suibject.


Most of the Arab countries are located in the arid to semi-arid parts of the world which are characterised by limited water resources and fragile ecosystems. The amount of available water resources is about 265 million cubic metres (MCM) compared to a total population of 370 million people, putting the per capita share of water at less than 1000 cubic metres (ESCWA 2013). Thirteen of the 20 states that make up the Arab world rank among the most-scarce nations globally, and suffer severe water stress (World Bank 2009a). High rates of population growth, urbanization, industrialization and other economic activities, as well as the effects of climate change and occurrence of droughts, add to the stress and raise the spectre of continuous water shortages in the near future. The land and water resources of the Fertile Crescent and the Nile Valley, that once fed the people of Middle East, are no longer sufficient due to the unprecedented population increase. Shortages of water resources that are necessary for food production have acted as a major stress factor and have exacerbated other environmental and social stresses. The reports of the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development (2012) and the World Bank (2009b) indicate that more than 50% of the food consumed in the region is imported. This paper discusses the role of water shortage and climate change in igniting the Arab Spring and its effect on water and food security. It also discusses the consequences of the Arab Spring on water security.


The cell surface polymers of microorganisms readily bind a variety of metal ions, which enables the organisms to immobilize potentially toxic metal ions before they encounter the plasma membrane. U...


We consider the indirect covering subtree problem (Kim et al., 1996). The input is an edge weighted tree graph along with customers located at the nodes. Each customer is associated with a radius and a penalty. The goal is to locate a tree-shaped facility such that the sum of setup and penalty cost is minimized. The setup cost equals the sum of edge lengths taken by the facility and the penalty cost is the sum of penalties of all customers whose distance to the facility exceeds their radius. The indirect covering subtree problem generalizes the single maximum coverage location problem on trees where the facility is a node rather than a subtree. Indirect covering subtree can be solved in $O(n\log^2 n)$ time (Kim et al., 1996). A slightly faster algorithm for single maximum coverage location with a running time of $O(n\log^2n/\log\log n)$ has been provided (Spoerhase and Wirth, 2009). We achieve time $O(n\log n)$ for indirect covering subtree thereby providing the fastest known algorithm for both problems. Our result implies also faster algorithms for competitive location problems such as $(1,X)$-medianoid and $(1,p)$-centroid on trees. We complement our result by a lower bound of $\Omega(n\log n)$ for single maximum coverage location and $(1,X)$-medianoid on a real-number RAM model showing that our algorithm is optimal in running time.


We propose the concept of a game system that includes an automatic story-generation function based on a table-top role playing game (TRPG). In this idea, stories are generated or transformed based on communication between a "game master (GM)," who controls the story generation, and "players (PLs)," who change and transform the content of a story proposed by a GM. This paper focuses on the mechanism for changing and transforming a story proposed by the GM. In particular, the proposed mechanism has various techniques ranging from macro-level techniques, which are related to the entire structure of a story, to micro-level techniques, which are related to the partial structures of a story. For instance, when the GM is a real human, these techniques in the PLs, who are computer agents, can produce changed and transformed stories that were not originally conceptualized by the GM.


Truss layout optimization under complex constraints has been a hot and challenging problem for decades that aims to find the optimal node locations, connection topology between nodes, and cross-sectional areas of connecting bars. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a reinforcement learning search technique that is competent to solve decision-making problems. Inspired by the success of AlphaGo using MCTS, the truss layout problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model, and a 2-stage MCTS-based algorithm, AlphaTruss, is proposed for generating optimal truss layout considering topology, geometry, and bar size. In this MDP model, three sequential action sets of adding nodes, adding bars, and selecting sectional areas greatly expand the solution space and the reward function gives feedback to actions according to both geometric stability and structural simulation. To find the optimal sequential actions, AlphaTruss solves the MDP model and gives the best decision in each design step by searching and learning through MCTS. Compared with existing results from the literature, AlphaTruss exhibits better performance in finding the truss layout with the minimum weight under stress, displacement, and buckling constraints, which verifies the validity and efficiency of the established algorithm.


6 rural villages were selected as a sample for the purpose of determining whether opinion leadership for family planning is or is not related to opinion leadership for farming and homemaking in Korean rural villages. 432 respondents representing 216 households were interviewed. They were selected on the basis of the following criteria: 1) engaged in farming as an occupation; 2) farm operator in each household who is responsible for the decisions on farming; and 3) the wife of the farm operator is the homemaker is younger than 45 and is essentially responsible for the homemaking decisions. It was learned that the pattern of differences between leaders and followers for agricultural and homemaking techniques with respect to sociocultural characteristics is similar to the pattern for family planning. Both the farm operator and homemaker opinion leaders when compared with the followers tended to have more education larger farms and larger families and to be slighly younger but more followers than leaders have a nuclear family. The farm leaders had a higher degree of agricultural innovativeness and a higher level of living along with a great number of memberships in formal organizations. The homemaker opin ion leaders had a higher level of knowledge of family planning methods a greater degree of homemaking innovativeness and a higher level of living than the followers but there was no difference in the number of organizational memberships held. The variables which are most closely related to family planning leadership are income aspiration newspaper reading and deferred gratification for farm operators and income aspiration newspaper reading and knowledge of family planning methods for homemakers.


The present study investigated whether a distinct link exists between attention-shift, foreign language anxiety (FLA) and both a subjective and an objective measure of oral fluency. Participants were 34 French first language (L1) English second language (L2) speakers. Oral production data were collected through a picture-cued narration task and analysed using both oral fluency measures. We used a measure of attention-shift capacity and a measure of FLA. Results first show strong correlations between both fluency measures. Additionally, both measures of fluency were negatively correlated with FLA and attention-shift. However, multiple regression analyses indicated that only the subjective measure was explained by both attention-shift capacity and FLA, the objective one only being explained by FLA. The results suggest that subjective measures, while highly correlated with objective ones, may detect qualities of oral fluency not detected by objective measures.


species, including man, under laboratory conditions (Rapp & Reed 1976). Transformed hamster cells develop into malignant tumours if reimplanted into newborn hamsters, but immunization by HSV does not confer protection against such tumours. Indeed, in immunized hamsters the primary tumour grows more rapidly than in non-immunized animals (Thiry et al. 1975) and metastasis to the lungs occurs more frequently (Duff et al. 1973). The reasons are unknown, but serum blocking factors might be involved.


Industry 4.0 applications impose the challenging demand of delivering packets with bounded latencies via a wireless network. This is further complicated if the network is not dedicated to the time critical application. In this paper we use network calculus analysis to derive closed form expressions of latency bounds for time critical traffic when 802.11 Target Wake Time (TWT) and 802.1Qbv work together in a shared 802.11 network.


There are many organisations and institutions committed to the successful and worthwhile delivery of teacher continual professional development and all recognise that collaboration and the sharing of best practise is essential in that delivery. The partnership between the director of the Southern Queensland Science Centre of Innovation & Professional Practice (SCIPP) government organisation and Cardiff University UK at first seems the most unlikely of partnerships – there is no connection other than science education. Universities tend to work at their own speed, and have the reputation of either only interested in research. Teacher interaction is only sought when it comes around to student recruitment.

This unlikely working relationship was established at the last NSSE conference in November 2006, and at first glance these two entities seemed only have science education in common. However, the science teacher's learning and development is fundamental to both their organisations. SCIPP's is an initiative funded by the Queensland government as part of its Science Education Strategy 2006-2009, its key focus is to develop and deliver innovative teacher development opportunities by establishing partnerships with the University of Southern Queensland and other organisations. Whilst Cardiff University is committed to deliver a wide range of teacher learning experiences, by linking teaching and research staff and science teachers.


A framework for negotiation preparation for negotiation the seller's preparation for negotiation the buyer's preparation for negotiation the tendering process bargaining strength strategy and tactics in negotiation managing the negotiation negotiation communication issues in negotiation reviewing the principles of negotiation. Appendices: the cultural dimension sources of information.


The main subject of study is the effect the plant proteases bromelain and
 papain exert on turkey meat tenderness. Experiments are conducted with
 samples of raw meat in 3 different concentration levels of the enzyme
 solutions (50U/ml 100U/ml and 200 U/ml) and in 3 different time periods
 (duration) of treatment (24 h, 48 h, 72h). An increase in enzyme
 concentration and treatment duration results in a higher degree of protein
 hydrolysis in the turkey meat. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis with
 minimal loss of protein and highest retention of organoleptic qualities of
 the meat samples are established.


The invention discloses low-temperature and quick-dry coating for a food can inner wall. The low-temperature and quick-dry coating is prepared from modified vinyl resin, phenolic resin, peach gum, modified starch, fillers, auxiliaries and solvents. Compared with existing coating for the food can inner wall, the coating can greatly improve the storage stability of food in a food can, and the service life of a coating film is long and prolonged by 2.0-2.2 times as compared with that of a common coating film for the food can inner wall. The low-temperature and quick-dry coating has the advantages that a paint layer formed after the food can inner wall is coated with the coating is tough, high in brightness, resistant to acids, stable in performance, less prone to corrosion, free from discoloration and good in adhesive force; the coating film is excellent in obstructing capacity, and food can be more effectively stored; most importantly, the coating is excellent in low-temperature drying property and high in drying speed by the synergistic effects of the components in the formula, a large amount of time is saved, the coating can dissolve out micro-elements beneficial to human bodies, nutrient components of the canned food can be greatly increased, and food flavor can be improved.


The utility model relates to a medical auxiliary device. A liquid distributing bottle needle head, a transfusion bottle needle head and a medicine distributing bottle needle head are together connected with each other by a tee and a liquid tube. An exhaust drip tube is arranged between the liquid distributing bottle needle head and the tee, and a regulating switch is arranged between an exhaust drip tube and the tee. A regulating switch is arranged between the transfusion bottle needle head and the tee, and an air inlet device and an exhaust device are respectively arranged on the three needle heads. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and use, no pollution in operation, can improve the work efficiency, and reduce medical staff's labor intensity.


We present the statistics for mortality in Navarre for the 1995-2004 period by sex, age and cause of death. Methods. The data proceeds from the statistical bulletins on death. The 1995-1999 period is compared with the 2000-2004 period, using adjusted rates to the population of Navarre for the year 2001 and the rate of potential years of life lost between 070 years adjusted to the European population.


The study and analysis of the type, forming elements and relations with the crime of the material evidence around the crime scene periphery can be used to prove and reveal the crime. Through careful investigation of the scene periphery, we can not only analyze the criminals' psychology, judge the offence as habitual or casual, but also determine the number of the criminals, infer the characteristics of the criminals, identify the mute they entered and the direction they fled. Providing clue for the investigation and proof for solving the case.


An improved convolutional neural network (CNN) recognition model is proposed for the problems involving low recognition rate and weak generalization ability for flower images. Highly abstracted features after multiple convolutions are integrated, and the performance of network is improved by adding the network model for multi-attention mechanism after residual module for Inception-resnet-V2 Network and fully connected layer before activating the function. The improved model is simulated by integrating OxFlowers 17 and Oxford 102 flower data sets. The results show that the recognition rate of the model based on Inception-resnet-V2 Network combined with attention mechanism is up to 97.6%, being 5.1% higher than that of the original model, and the accuracy for flowers recognition is improved significantly.


This discussion paper serves as a general overview of recent labour market trends in Ireland. Quarterly National Household Survey Data from Q2 2007, Q2 2008 and Q1 2009 is utilised. The structure of employment and unemployment is outlined at both a regional and sectoral level. Those most at risk of unemployment in the current downturn are profiled (by analysing the attributes of the unemployed using the most up-to-date data available to us, Q1 2009). The analysis shows that male unemployment increased over the period with the proportion of unemployed males to females going from 60% in Q2 2007 to 68% in Q2 2008 and 71% in Q1 2009. Those aged 34 or less were also more vulnerable with 59% of the unemployed across regions falling into this age category in Q1 2009. Of the unemployed stating a previous sector of employment, 56% were previously employed in Construction, Manufacturing or Wholesale and Retail in Q1 2009. The proportion of the unemployed previously employed in construction went from 16% to 26% to 32% over the period Q2 2007 to Q1 2009. In terms of nationality, both Irish and non-Irish were adversely affected during the period but unemployment figures for Q1 2009 show a larger increase for non-Irish from Q2 2008. Finally, with regard to educational attainment, the analysis shows that increasing numbers of educated workers are at risk of unemployment with 21% of the unemployed nationally now holding a third level degree or higher up two percentage points from Q2 2008.


Equity risk premium is a popular area of research in the past twenty years. Economists strive to find a model that can both explain the equity risk premium and achieve asset pricing. Long run risk model and risk model with disaster are two mainstream model for equity risk premium. In this paper the two model will be combined, with the assumption that the expected return rate is correlated with consumption growth rate. In this paper the explicit solution for equity risk premium is devised theoretically, and is then compared with existing combined model. The proposed model can explain equity risk premium, better than the traditional long run risk model, as well as be used for asset pricing, matching actual data.


Presence of active sand dune and sand deposits in north of Sistan & Baluchistan province accompanied with crisis such as drought has resulted in environmental problem condition. Therefore implementing of combat desertification project is very important. For this purpose, in this area, has been used of projects such as planting, mulching and both composition. From endemic species we can notice to Tamarix aphylla, Haloxylon.sp and Atriplex.sp. For this study has used of natural resources organizations statistical documents between 2000-2006. After analysis of result of first, second and third years. We resulted that, Tamarix plants in regard of living and stabilized area were more effective and then Haloxylon was in second ranked, and Atriplex.sp cause of its sensitivity to drought tension is in third position. Furthermore the last species as accompanied species with Tamarix.sp are used. But it's using with Haloxylon.sp is not suitable because of the absorption of surface and groundwater by roots of Holoxylon.sp leads to Atriplex. Sp vanishment. We resulted that, for this purpose management of hand plant forest would be necessary.


Performance and competitiveness has become a mature research area,and different analysis models are applied in the construction industry such as Porter Diamond Model,3-P Model,Industrial Organization Theory and SWOT analysis.Meanwhile,researchers in the construction industry are focusing on designing the specific frameworks to cope with the industrial problems,including H framework,3C model and PMS framework.The establishment of the quantitative measurement systems for the performance and competitiveness is a development trend for various countries comprising US,UK,South Korea,Portugal and Singapore,while the research difference includes indicators system,attributes weights and measurement methodology.


Complex Instruction (CI) is a cooperative learning approach, which aims at improving the equal status interaction among students working in groups who may be at different academic and social levels. Based on an ethnographic research, the article examines how a group of Italian primary school teachers understand the status problem and how the finding from this research demonstrates a change in their expectations of competence through using CI. This research analyses to what extent these teachers meet the original goal of achieving greater equity, as well as discussing implications for teachers' professional development.


The main task of this study is to establish a one step dyeing of wool/polyester blended fabric using basic dyes. Wide range of parameters has been studied such as pH values, PEG600 concentration, dyeing technique, fixation time and temperature. The best dyeing conditions were achieved, using different colors of basic dyes at pH 9. The color strength (K/S) values of the dyed blend with temperature increased rapidly the fixation time and temperature until 30 min. at 130 ̊C.This was followed by a relatively increase in the k/s values by using different amounts of PEG-600. The dyeing technique has an important effect on the k/s values and the improvement can follow the decreasing order of exhaustion under pressure< exhaustion< pad-dry cure method.


Wireless sensor network composed of one or more sink and ten or thousands of sensor nodes scattered in physical space. Congestion occurs in wireless sensor network when the numbers of packet being transmitted through the network approaches the packet handling capacity of network. Congestion in wireless sensor networkaffects the continuous flow of data, loss of information, delay and reduces the energy of nodes due to overhead of retransmission. It also decrease overall throughput of system. Therefore congestion needs to be control in wireless sensor network in order to prolong system lifetime, improve fairness and quality of service and to achieve high energy efficiency. There are various techniques available which control the congestion. This paper presents different techniques for congestion control in wireless sensor network and also includes comparison of the techniques based on various parameters like throughput, delay and energy consumption.


Emperor Shizong of Jin is one of greatest rulers in the history of China,but in his reign(Dading) also happened many uprisings.For this historical phenomenon,a famous historian ZhaoYi in its "The Notebook of Twenty-Two Histories " is briefly introduced.Certain scholars of the later period have also concerned this problem.It was draw another kind of explanation to this problem based on predecessors achievements.


The present research is aimed to develop hybrid metal matrix composite using aluminium alloy LM-12 reinforced with constant weight percentage (9%) of SiO2 and different weight percentage (wt %) carbon nano tubes. After casting different mechanical tests were conducted such as Tensile strength, Hardness and Microstructure analysis of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite developed experimentally. The method of developing and producing new composite material using a sand mould is by stirring casting method then allowed to solidify. Tests such as tensile test, hardness and microstructure analysis are to be performed on different specimens within the casting. The composite materials so produced are tested for their mechanical properties according to ASTM standards.


The ratios of syn and anti N-chloroamines obtained from treatment of 7-azabenzonorbornenes and 7-azabenzonorbornadienes with N-chlorosuccinimide at –50°C vary with the electronic character of the substituents on the benzenoid ring and differ substantially from the ratios observed under conditions of rapid inversion at nitrogen.


Judge Baltasar Garzón Real has been the Investigating Judge of the Central Criminal Court of Instruction number 5 of the Spanish National Court (Audiencia Nacional) for over 21 years. The Audiencia Nacional is the only trial Court in Spain, with the exception of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts, that has jurisdiction in all the regions of Spain and the only one with powers to deal with terrorism, major drug cases and international extraditions.


Under the times background of a new round of poverty alleviation development,taking science and technology as the guide,developping the agricultural industry as the diraction,using the poverty alleviation planning in poverty county of Taihang Mountain as the object of study,the emphasis of poverty alleviation planning in poverty county of Taihang Mountain was introduced combining the examples of poverty alleviation planning in Quyang County of Hebei Province and with the macro and micro combination.Then the concrete problems of planning were briefed in accordance with the planning route and combined the case in the paper.


The aim of this paper is to give conditions for the hysteretic Bouc-Wen model so that (i) it has the property of being bounded input bounded output (BIBO), and (ii) it dissipates energy (or is passive). This study leads to a classification of the possible BIBO and dissipative (or passive) Bouc-Wen models.


The linear- and temperature-compensated negative feedback loop of the GaAs FET SHF power amplifier operating at 7GHz greatly improved the non-linear distortion as well as the improved thermal stability in this class-A amplifier when used in the up-converting amplifier with an IF(37.5MHz) input port at -40dBm. The inter-modulation to the third harmonic frequency for the OFDM TV signals was improved by a factor of 15dB, and the equivalent CNR was improved by a factor of 9.6dB at 7GHz. The result was satisfactory. This up-converting amplifier of new type was designed to be employed in the OFDM digital TV broadcasting facilities for new terrestrial digital TV broadcasting service at 7GHz. It will be useful also for the wireless communication facilities.


Entrepreneurial enterprises shall work out correct strategical management plan, to perform strategy management effectively according to innate resources ,which is a topic worthy of noticing by the whole society. the strategy of entrepreneurial enterprises is primarily to determine or reflect the decision about the target of entrepreneurial enterprises , and determine what kind of economical organization the entrepreneurial enterprises want to become . This article discusses the distinct characteristic of strategic management of the entrepreneurial enterprises, and puts forward the general plan of establishment and implementation of the entrepreneurial enterprises.


Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) is a chemical agent that involves in placental angiogenesis. It is conveyed through embryogenesis. In the contemporary study, we intended to examine the character of placental angiogenesis in the progress of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by means of matching the levels of expression of e-NOS in normal-term pregnancy and IUGR placentas. Angiogenesis is one dominant factor in normal embryogenesis and hence the wellbeing of the newborn. The expression of e-NOS was planned using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique in placental tissues identified as normal (n = 33) and IUGR (n = 33) cases from mothers looking apparently normal. All were chosen at term pregnancy and obtained between 2nd of February of 2018 and 31th of January 2019 at selected hospitals. Outcomes were appraised semi-quantitatively. The expression of e-NOS marker as an immunohistochemistry total score and staining percentage were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in epithelial surface, smooth muscle cells of fetal vessels and the connective tissue terminal villous core of the IUGR placentas when matched with placentas collected from normal pregnancies at term. Encountered placental histochemical changes regarding the expression of the e-NOS angiogenic factor for idiopathic IUGR newborns raised the suspicion of that, it was caused by pure placental factors and could represent further requirement for Nitric Oxide to dilate fetal vessels to optimize functional requirement during placental insufficiency. The noticed Increased expression of e-NOS may be the result of inadequate uteroplacental perfusion supporting the proposal that abnormal angiogenesis plays a role in the pathophysiology of IUGR


3001 Background: LY3214996 is a selective and potent ERK1/2 inhibitor that has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in several pre-clinical tumor models with BRAF, RAS, or MAP2K1 mutations. This is the first-in-human Phase 1 Study of LY3214996 in adv CA pts. Methods: The goals of this DE study were to determine a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and preliminary efficacy of LY3214996 (NCT02857270; I8S-MC-JUAB; Eli Lilly & Co.). Pts with adv CA, ≥18 yrs of age, ECOG ≤1, and with adequate organ function were eligible. Pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers including pRSK were evaluated in blood and paired tumor tissue. The DE phase evaluated PO doses using the Bayesian model-based toxicity band method. Results: A total of 51 pts with median age of 62 yrs (range: 21-81) received at least 1 dose of LY3214996 with a median of 3 cycles (range: 1-12). Most pts had a mutation in RAS (N = 33) or BRAF (N = 16) and had a median of 4 prior lines of treatment. The DLTs observed in the study include grade (G) 3 cough and fatigue, G3 dehydration, increased creatinine (Cr), G3 increased CPK, G3 rash > 7 days, and 1 pt with renal failure. TRAEs to LY3214996 occurring in ≥10% of pts included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis acneiform, fatigue, pruritus, and blurred vision. LY3214996 exposures increased with dose. Tumor regression was observed in 7 pts with BRAF/non -BRAF mutant CA including 5 pts who failed prior IO/MAPK inhibitors. Four pts achieved stable disease (2 BRAF, 1 RAS and 1 CRAF mutation) that lasted > 4 mos. Up to 100% pRSK decrease from baseline in tumor was observed. Conclusions: LY3214996 had an acceptable safety profile, favorable PK, and potent tumor PD inhibition at RP2D. This supports further exploration of LY3214996 as monotherapy and in combination in CA pts with activating MAPK pathway alterations. Clinical trial information: NCT02857270.


An integrated workspace for a Matlab-based suite of codes aimed at an educational use of finite elements is presented. The codes present several classical FEM applications, ranging from guiding structure characterization, to microwave devices and radiation problems and fully exploit Matlab's graphical capabilities to enhance the ease of use and optimize the learning curve.


Fiber optics is being deployed in ever greater numbers across a wide range of commercial, industrial and military applications. Mobile platforms, whether land, sea, air or space, put extra demands on connectors and components due to the stressful, dynamic environments. These applications may require operation under conditions like: constant levels of sustained vibration and turbulence such as avionics and automobiles; momentary high levels of shock and vibration such as space launch and gunfire; constant cycling between temperature extremes such as satellites and engine compartments; and high humidity and corrosive conditions such as avionics and marine environments. The availability of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) interconnects and optoelectronics are accelerating the integration of fiber optics into new designs and applications. However, the user needs to become acutely aware of the issues involved in selecting among the many COTS solutions available on the market and be able to objectively judge their suitability to mobile platforms, particularly those for military and aerospace applications. This paper will survey the available COTS fiber optic solutions; offer a methodology for approaching these design projects; and reveal some of the critical system performance and reliability issues that need to be understood for successful fiber deployment.


The invention discloses a simulation detector of a power grid, aiming at providing a simulation detector of a power grid which can completely detect the wiring conditions of a voltage/current transformer, the wiring conditions of a relay protection system, the measurement errors of an electric power measurement system, the accuracy of the voltage/current transformer, and the electric power parameters of each measuring point under the condition of simulating synchronization. The invention comprises the simulation detector (2) for performing simulation detection on the electric power measurement system and/or the relay protection system (1), wherein the simulation detector (2) comprises a simulation power supply (21), a field measuring instrument (22) and a control device (23); the simulation power supply (21) is connected to a voltage current input end in the electric power measurement system and/or the relay protection system (1); and the field measuring instrument (22) is respectively connected with the measuring port of the control device (23) and the measuring port of the electric power measurement system and/or the relay protection system (1).


The Erb West field in the offshore Sabah, comprises a NE-SW trending, dome-shaped anticline terminated by a major NW-SE trending normal faults in the NE sector. The crestal part of the field is virtually unfaulted whereas the southern flank is dissected by several E-W trending normal faults. The structural configuration is believed to be the result of deep seated wrench faulting which characterised the Sabah area during Miocene and Pliocene (Fig. 1). The sequence stratigraphic study of the field was conducted using well data and 3D seismic. The high resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation of the well logs was done using the technique described by Van Wagoner (1995) and formed the basis for the sequence stratigraphic concept adopted in this study. The conceptual model proposed by the "Exxon" group (Mitchum, 1977; Vail, 1987; Van Wagoner, 1990) is employed with slight modification to obtain a better understanding of the geology and a realistic perspective of the reservoir facies distribution within the field. The seismic facies analyses was done using a modified technique from Vail et al. (1977) and Brown and Fisher (1977). The new stratigraphic scheme for the Erb West field is proposed (Fig. 2). The tracts, system tract


Canadian academic libraries are unionized environments, requiring collective organization and action to address labour conditions and contract negotiations. The University of Manitoba Faculty Association (UMFA) has 1264 members, including 52 archivists and librarians, and in 2021 resolved the longest strike in association history. The newly ratified agreement contained major gains to advance pay equity within the union, and the strike itself maintained UMFA historic high levels of participation and member engagement, in part due to the significant contributions of librarians and archivists. In this paper, three librarians who held distinct positions of leadership within UMFA, particularly during its 2021 strike, examine the unique strengths and difficulties of librarians and archivists working within a broader faculty union to make change. Relying on core competencies of librarianship, such as collaboration, consultation, communication, and leadership, the authors collectively and successfully filled central roles in the strategic direction, organizational foundation, and on-the-ground mobilization of the strike effort. The historical context for the labour climate and organizing history at the University of Manitoba is examined and demonstrates that core competencies of librarians and archivists are valuable and imperative skills in faculty union organizing. Librarians and archivists can use this narrative to inform the development of their own activism within their unions and workplaces, and to examine how their own skills may help enhance and improve their working conditions.


The technology of cold die drawing of tubes is used for processing of metals and alloys with good or worse formability, while the tube production itself is affected by various process parameters, i. e. mostly die geometry, strain degree and strain rate, force conditions, conditions of friction, method of lubrication and type of used lubricant. The paper is concerned with an evaluation of influence of the selected process parameters, i. e. drawing tool geometry and strain rate on plastic flow and energy intensity of the process of cold die drawing of tubes. The FEM analysis of the drawing process was an important aid for this research. The computer simulation resulted in interesting graphs illustrating the influence of the shape of the drawing tool reduction cone on the size of the drawing force at various strain rates.


In the last years, considerable studies on the effect of phototrophic organisms (cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, mosses and vascular plants) on cultural heritage properties have been carried out. The data indicate that these organisms, instead of having an irrelevant role, actively participate in the deteriorating processes of artificial building materials. This paper reviews recent research on mortar colonization and biodeterioration.


List of Illustrations Preface Notes on Terminology Introduction Chapter 1. Cartularies: Remembering the Documentary Past Chapter 2. The Composition and Purpose of Cartularies Chapter 3. Twelfth-Century Narratives of the Past Chapter 4. Polyptyques: Twelfth-Century Monks Face the Ninth Century Chapter 5. An Age of Forgery Chapter 6. Remembering the Carolingians Chapter 7. Creation of a Carolingian Dynasty Chapter 8. Western Monasteries and the Carolingians Chapter 9. Eighth-Century Transitions: The Evidence from Burgundy Chapter 10. Great Noble Families in the Early Middle Ages Chapter 11. Early Frankish Monasticism Chapter 12. Remembering Martyrs and Relics in Sixth-Century Gaul Conclusion Appendix I. Monasteries in Burgundy and Southern Champagne Appendix II. Churches in Auxerre List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments


A hard roof can cause serious issues corelated with the stability of the panel including large deformation of the roadway in the gob, rock burst, coal and gas outbursts, etc. Currently, hydraulic fracturing has ever-increasingly been used to help control these above-mentioned issues in many engineering cases. This paper presents a series of numerical simulations for hydraulic fracturing with a recently developed model to examine the weakening effect of this pre-conditioning measure on a hard roof. The results show that large deflections in the principal stress direction occur above the coal seam after mining, which can be progressively enhanced as the working face continuously advances. This further could significantly affect the hydraulic fracturing pattern and result in arc-shaped fracture propagation, especially for the hydraulic fracture in stress-descending areas. The obtained results suggest that the hydraulic fracturing operation in a hard roof is preferable in the areas close to the middle of the gob where the created fractures would be deflected more. At last, sensitivity analysis shows that geological conditions have great influence on the hydraulic fracturing pattern. Among the factors analyzed in this paper, the difference between the maximum and minimum stress has the largest influence and should be fully considered. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the practical hydraulic fracturing operation in a hard roof.


The conventional theory of the Auger effect, based on Wentzel's ansatz (1927), is generalised to incorporate relaxation and final-state channel mixing. An application to neon KLL Auger rates in LS coupling is made. The bound-state orbitals are generated by alternative self-consistent-field methods and the continuum orbital is solved in the field of the doubly ionised residual ion including full exchange. In accordance with Kelly's many-body-perturbation-theory calculation (1975), it is found that the mixing between the final 2S channels affects the various partial rates by 10 to 40%. The effect of the non-orthogonal overlap elements is found to be of importance for the KL1L11S and KL1L2,33P transitions. Since the Slater integrals involved are shown to be sensitive to the relevant orbitals, the importance of incorporating correlation effects in a systematic fashion is stressed.


In this paper two concepts of computational imaging applicable for infrared and THz systems are discussed and demonstrated. In the first a controllable array of DMD is used in the aperture plane in order to enhance the field of view of a near infra-red imager. In the second a time varying array of pinholes realizes an improved lensless imaging scheme.


We provide an update of the overview of imprints of Tsallis nonextensive statistics seen in a multiparticle production processes. They reveal an ubiquitous presence of power law distributions of different variables characterized by the nonextensivity parameter q > 1. In nuclear collisions one additionally observes a q-dependence of the multiplicity fluctuations reflecting the finiteness of the hadronizing source. We present sum rules connecting parameters q obtained from an analysis of different observables, which allows us to combine different kinds of fluctuations seen in the data and analyze an ensemble in which the energy (E), temperature (T) and multiplicity (N) can all fluctuate. This results in a generalization of the so called Lindhard's thermodynamic uncertainty relation. Finally, based on the example of nucleus-nucleus collisions (treated as a quasi-superposition of nucleon-nucleon collisions) we demonstrate that, for the standard Tsallis entropy with degree of nonextensivity q < 1, the corresponding standard Tsallis distribution is described by q′ = 2 − q > 1.


Two-body electron-capture decay rates of Pr and Pm hydrogen-like heavy ions coasting at the GSI Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) were reported to be modulated with period ∼7 s [3]. This modulation is known as the 'GSI anomaly' [4]. Preliminary data exist also for I [5]. It was concluded in Refs. [6, 7] that spin precession of the decaying ions in the ESR magnetic field B ≈1.2 T could not give rise to such modulation since the precession frequency associated with the electron is of order |μe|B ≈3.3·10 10 Hz and that associated with the nucleus is of order μpB ≈2.5·10 7 Hz, where μe(p) is the electron (proton) magnetic moment, both these frequencies exceeding by many orders of magnitude the reported modulation frequency PGSI ∼ 1 Hz. We note that electron-capture decay rates of implanted neutral atoms, not exposed to external magnetic fields, do not show evidence for GSI-like modulation [8, 9].


The discussion on the property comparison between optimally weighted LS estimate and linear unbiased minimum variance estimate for a linear model is presented. Under a condition on variance matrix invertibility, the difference between two estimates variance can be calculated, and the two estimates can converge to the same one under a certain conditon.


"Striving for Excellence Campaign" in colleges and universities is not only the extending and deepening study and practice of scientific development view in colleges and universities,but the concrete practice for colleges and universities to fulfill their missions and obligations.To a college or an university,striving for excellence is its mission and obligation;a trager and a handle for its connotation construction;the eternal theme and inexhaustible motive power for its scientific development.This paper argues that striving for excellency campaign in colleges and universities should be carried out in improving personnel training,scientific research,social service as well as in leading community culture;and a permanent mechanism should be developed for maintaining the continuity and creativity of the campaign.


AbstractThis study examines the well-posedness of the initial-value problems that arise in common models of sea ice. The model equations describe the balance of linear momentum combined with simplified thermodynamics represented by two continuity equations for effective ice thickness and ice concentration. The constitutive model for sea ice is given by two possible variants of the viscous–plastic model: the viscous–plastic model with pressure replacement and the viscous–plastic model with pressure replacement plus a tensile cutoff. The authors identify regimes of well- and ill-posedness for both models in one and two space dimensions. In one space dimension, the study finds that the viscous–plastic model and viscous–plastic model with pressure replacement behave similarly: there is ill-posedness when the divergent flow rate is larger than a minimum value. On the other hand, the viscous–plastic model with pressure replacement plus a tensile cutoff is ill-posed for all divergent flows. In two space dimensio...


I construct a model of public policy development, and use the model to explain why the United States has a comparatively small public sector, but instead a large "private welfare state" with employment-based benefits. The key factors are politically organized firms and labor unions. These interest groups can use campaign support to influence a political decision-maker who decides whether to implement a social benefit. In addition, the firms can influence the outcome indirectly by privately providing their own workers with the benefit. This setup leads to three possible outcomes. In the first, no one is provided the social benefit. In the second, all workers receive it through government provision. In the third, some workers receive the policy, through their employers. I argue that the features leading to the third equilibrium correspond closely to political institutions and industry characteristics of the US, while the features of the second equilibrium better describe European countries.


Links to all PowerPoint presentations from the COLP conference are available on the annual conference page of the COLP website. The presentations include: (i) Submarine Cables: Critical Infrastructure; (ii) Undersea Cables and International Telecommunications Resiliency: Important to the Evolution of Global Financial Services; (iii) Submarine Cables: Critical Infrastructure - Cable Owners' Perspective; and (iv) Submarine Cables: Critical Infrastructure - Cable Suppliers' Perspective. Keywords:COLP conference; critical infrastructure; submarine cables


Examined are modern problems of teaching philosophy at a technical university. The author shows that there is a pronounced contradiction between the goals and the current conditions of teaching philosophy, which makes it difficult to fully realize the potential of philosophy as an academic discipline. The thesis is formulated that the use of teaching methods based on digital technologies can help to overcome this contradiction to a certain extent. The author gives examples of using digital methods from her own teaching practice and proves their effectiveness as additional methodological tools. The necessity of increasing the number of classroom hours devoted to the study of philosophy is also emphasized.


It is well known that Viktor Shklovsky is noted for his theory of formalism.But it is wrong thar people evaluate Shklovsky's achievements only with his formalism.In fact ,formalism is only his early opinion,and he had corrected his former thinking in his later days and walked out of the prison_house of formalism and began to care about the human relations in society. But literary circles have neglected this kind of changing of the concept.In this article the author is trying to analyze the reason why this point is neglected or misunderstood.


Characterizing mobile traffic is important to network operators from a network performance and security standpoint. In many cases, such as a performance degradation or security threat, it is useful to know that traffic is being generated by a specific mobile application. Recent methods for identifying mobile traffic have relied on computationally expensive detailed inspection of HTTP flows which may not scale across large networks. This paper proposes a lightweight method to generate a probabilistic model of an application based on a distribution of domain names. We observe that a large portion of mobile applications have traffic to domain names that are critical to how the application functions. Network operators can use this model to verify if a set of one or more domain names is associated with a mobile application during a performance issue or security event. Based on analysis of real mobile network traffic, the model can correctly correlate domain names with associated applications at a rate of 90% in various scenarios. These results show that identifying applications by domain names via this lightweight solution is feasible and merits continued future work.


The article introduces the Concept of Proteome and the major core of Proteome,such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technology (2-DE )using for Separation and protein authentication technology including the portrait analysis technique, DNA Sequence, Mass spectrometry etc. As the same time,the database of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technology and Proteome are preferred.


The article presents the results of a study of the reaction of sows of different breeds and combinations to the cry of a crushed piglet. The work was performed at Tavriya Pigs LLC, Kherson Region. The object of the study were sows of the following breeds: Great White, Pietren, Ukrainian meat, as well as animals of the Duroc breed (intrabreed type of Ukrainian selection "Steppe") and two-breed sows "Great White" Landrace. Timing observations of sows were performed according to the method of VI The Great (1979). The index of motor activity was calculated on the basis of data on the time of movement of the animal and the total time of observation. Biometric processing of research results was performed according to the methods of VP Kovalenko. etc. (2010).
It was found that sows of large white breed, Pietren breed, Ukrainian meat breed, intrabreed type of Duroc breed of Ukrainian selection "Steppe" and two-breed sows ♀VB × ♂L with a positive reaction to the cry of piglets in terms of safety at the time of weaning in at the age of 28 days were superior to peers with a negative reaction by 3.6% (p <0.05); 6.1% (p <0.01); 4.2% (p <0.05); 3.1% (p <0.05) and 3.7% (p <0.05), and the index of their motor activity was significantly higher than that of peers with a negative reaction by 0.11, respectively <(p <0.01 ); 0.12 (p <0.01); 0.10 (p <0.05); 0.11 (p <0.05) and 0.05 (p <0.05).
Observations show that sows, regardless of the breed combination with a positive reaction to the piglets' cry, showed a more protective style of maternal behavior, which consisted in a quick response and instantaneous response to alarm (cry) piglets, previously initiated contact with the nose. , gave more time to piglets when changing their body position, showed anxiety when weaning piglets and were more socially plastic (more avoided conflicts) in the grouping situation after weaning piglets than sows who reacted negatively to the cry of newborns.
Thus, when assessing sows for reproductive qualities should take into account their positive reaction to the cry of piglets, and the selection of repair pigs should be carried out from mothers who respond positively to the cry of piglets, showing a protective style of maternal behavior.


Forma analysis provides an approach to formally derive domain specific operators based on domain-independent operator templates by manipulating a set of equivalence relations (i.e., the basis), which is used to describe the search space. In the case of permutation problems, where the basis is highly constrained, the declarative nature of forma analysis encounters some difficulties which give rise to some additional issues, such as the interpretation of declarative constraints and the complexity of the application of operator. This paper aims to address these issues by introducing Enhanced Forma Analysis that explores a broader view of forma analysis by using ideas from constraint satisfaction.


Above ground biomass (AGB) is a parameter commonly used for assessment of grassland systems. Destructive AGB measurements, although accurate, are time consuming and are not easily undertaken on a repeat basis or over large areas. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are two technologies that have the potential to yield precise 3D structural measurements of vegetation quite rapidly. Recent advances have led to the successful application of TLS and SfM in woody biomass estimation, but application in natural grassland systems remains largely untested. The potential of these techniques for AGB estimation is examined considering 11 grass plots with a range of biomass in South Dakota, USA. Volume metrics extracted from the TLS and SfM 3D point clouds, and also conventional disc pasture meter settling heights, were compared to destructively harvested AGB total (grass and litter) and AGB grass plot measurements. Although the disc pasture meter was the most rapid method, it was less effective in AGB estimation (AGBgrass r2 = 0.42, AGBtotal r2 = 0.32) than the TLS (AGBgrass r2 = 0.46, AGBtotal r2 = 0.57) or SfM (AGBgrass r2 = 0.54, AGBtotal r2 = 0.72) which both demonstrated their utility for rapid AGB estimation of grass systems.


This article summarizes available methods for improving venous prominence and reviews the variety of devices for locating peripheral veins. The technologies underlying these devices, both those in use and under development, are described in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of their physical properties, their success rate in difficult cases and their current market price. The selection of the optimal technology for different conditions is also described. All existing technologies improve the success rate of nurses and paramedics in locating veins, save time and money and increase patient and medical staff satisfaction.


Objective:To analyze the causes of early dislocation after total hip replacement and explore its preventions and treatments. Methods:From July 1997 to October 2002, there were 12 cases of dislocation after total hip replacement. The strength of their hip abductor was tested and the X-ray films were measured. If closed reduction failed, capsular repairing was used. Results:There were 3 cases of malposition, 5 cases of abnormal soft-tissue tension, 3 cases of malposition and abnormal soft-tissue tension and 1 case of over motion. Close reduction was succeeded in 5 cases, 7 cases failed to close reduction, and were treated successfully by repairing the hip capsule and readjusted the prostheses when necessary. Conclusion:Abnormal soft-tissue tension has become the main causes of dislocation after total hip replacement. Those cases in which closed reduction has failed can be treated by repairing the hip capsule.


Globalization is a fairly new phenomenon in human development, and its economic, civil and political structures studied by scientists and specialists around the world. Globalization is a complex multifaceted process that applies to all the phenomena of social development and is associated with the deepening of the internationalization of the world economy, increasing interdependence of national states, due to the accelerated motion of the international flows of goods, services, capital and high technology. Today, globalization has become a powerful force that stimulates the world economy, world order, the distribution of resources, and competition. As a result, the political and the economic priorities move from the local and national levels on the regional and international levels. The increasing role of globalization touches the development of the international community. The dramatic changes in the field of international relations are characterized by the transformation and modernization changes, and carry out the direct influence on the development of countries. In such circumstances, unevenness in the development of the world is even greater. Therefore, the modernization of the economy is necessary, including to Ukraine. Hence in this article we pay attention to modernization of the investment sector as a major component of economic modernization.


There is increasing attention in the literature to a more complex view of the phenotype in natural populations. Modern morphometric studies rely on more than single traits, and the classical approaches of size and shape analysis are being coupled with studies on amounts and patterns of phenotypic covariances and correlations, i.e., morphological integration. In this study, we describe the morphometrical differentiation of eight populations of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), focusing on phenotypic integration of two anatomical structures: leaves and fruits. Our results show that (1) the amount of integration (i.e., the overall strength of trait correlations) is higher for fruit than for leaf characters; (2) the patterns of integration (i.e., the direction of trait correlations) are more variable for fruits than for leaves; and (3) the two anatomical structures are completely unrelated to each other in both amounts and patterns of phenotypic integration. These results are discussed in relation to how artificial selection could have acted on the underlying genetic mechanisms of these different aspects of chestnut phenotype.


The Earth is facing environmental pollution in its different facets, out of which water pollution is a major problem. Photocatalysis, which is an important part of advanced oxidation processes, is such a technology, which will be beneficial for waste water treatment due to its green chemical nature. In the present work, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) was carried in the presence of molybdenum doped titania nanophotocatalyst and progress of the reaction was observed spectrophotometrically. The conditions for optimum degradation rate of the dye were achieved. It was observed that degradation of MB dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics and in the mechanism for degradation of dye role of hydroxyl radical as an active oxidizing species is proposed. Keywords: Molybdenum doped titanium dioxide, Nanophotocatalyst, Methylene blue Cite this Article Rakshit Ameta, Paras Tak, Dipti Soni et al. Use of molybdenum doped titanium dioxide as nanophotocatalyst in the degradation of methylene blue under visible light. Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research . 2015; 2(2): 23–28p.


Congestive heart failure afflicts an estimated 5 million Americans, contributing to ~287,000 deaths a year. Oxidative stress generated by NOX family NADPH oxidases is implicated in adverse cardiac ...


In information age,faced with new challenges,the nature of libraries has changed a lot in market economy.New technology calls for new services that should be increasingly based upon network,and libraries depend more and more on science and technology.Therefore,librarians are required to keep pace with the times,to reinforce their political and ideological education,to enhance their professional abilities,to advocate team-work spirit and to be psychologically strong.In doing so,a librarian,as an ably professional server of information,is able to fulfill the mission endowed by the new age.


GI comorbidity. Clinical stage of treatment response: alexithymia was a significant predictor of non-response to treatment in FGID patients, over and above high psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression. Outcome stage of symptom maintenance: alexithymia was a significant predictor of persistence of functional GI symptoms in cholecystectomized patients with gallstone disease one year after surgery, over and above psychological distress. Conclusion: Speculative hypotheses of explanation on the role of alexithymia across the different stages of the natural history of FGID may concern the cognitive deficit in emotional processing and the neurobiological correlates of both FGID and alexithymia related to the dysregulation of the prefrontal and anterior regions of the brain.


SUMMARY

Female pea moths (Cydia nigricana) kept at 23 oC began to lay eggs 2–3 days after emergence, lived for 16–21 days and laid on average 71 eggs. Individuals kept in field cages lived for slightly longer and laid on average 91 eggs. About 85% of eggs were laid during the first 11 days of the oviposition period, usually in the late afternoon and early evening.

The relationship between the rate of egg development and temperature was defined. The estimated developmental zero was 9-4 oC at constant temperatures and 8-5 oC at fluctuating temperatures. Above 28 oC mortality increased and above 31 oC development was apparently retarded. Development at constant temperatures took 6–16% longer than at fluctuating temperatures with the same mean.

Estimates of hatching dates in the field made from temperature data recorded at several sites in and near a pea crop, and 8 km distant, were usually within a day of the observed date. In warm weather, estimated and observed dates usually coincided; in cooler weather hatching was 2–3 days later than expected. Hatching dates predicted from temperature data after only 80% of development had occurred were correct on 28 out of 36 occasions.

An example is given to show how the method could be used eventually with a sex attractant trapping system to provide early warning of first hatching and spraying dates.


The toluene adsorption properties of InOF-1 are studied along with the confinement of small amounts of this non-polar molecule revealing a 1.38-fold increase in CO2 capture, from 5.26 wt% under anhydrous conditions to 7.28 wt% with a 1.5 wt% of pre-confined toluene at 298 K. The InOF-1 affinity towards toluene was experimentally quantified by ΔHads (−46.81 kJ mol−1). InOF-1 is shown to be a promising material for CO2 capture under industrial conditions. Computational calculations (DFT and QTAIM) and DRIFTs in situ experiments provided a possible explanation for the experimental CO2 capture enhancement by showing how the toluene molecule is confined within InOF-1, which constructed a "bottleneck effect".


The ECU which is operating inductive actuator like motor or solenoid should be designed with considering the heat removal performance and the EMC performance. In most cases, these two performances are trade-off. Especially, the metal cover with plastic housing for improving heat removal performance can affect EMC performance by coupling the noise source to harness cable and connector. Therefore, after analyzing the EMC effectiveness of the metal cover, countermeasures for EMC noise reduction should be established. In this paper, by simulating and testing of AHB Gen3 ECU, the influence of the metal cover to EMC performance is analyzed. And based on this result, we propose solutions for EMC noise reduction.


The Q10 value represents the soil respiration sensitivity to temperature often used for the parameterization of the soil decomposition process has been assumed to be a constant in conventional numerical models, whereas it exhibits significant spatial and temporal variation in the observations. This study develops a new parameterization method for determining Q10 by considering the soil respiration dependence on soil temperature and moisture obtained by multiple regression for each vegetation type. This study further investigates the impacts of the new parameterization on the global terrestrial carbon flux. Our results show that a nonuniform spatial distribution of Q10 tends to better represent the dependence of the soil respiration process on heterogeneous surface vegetation type compared with the control simulation using a uniform Q10. Moreover, it tends to improve the simulation of the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature and moisture, particularly over cold and dry regions. The modification has an impact on the soil respiration and carbon decomposition process, which changes gross primary production (GPP) through controlling nutrient assimilation from soil to vegetation. It leads to a realistic spatial distribution of GPP, particularly over high latitudes where the original model has a significant underestimation bias. Improvement in the spatial distribution of GPP leads to a substantial reduction of global mean GPP bias compared with the in situ observation-based reference data. The results highlight that the enhanced sensitivity of soil respiration to the subsurface soil temperature and moisture introduced by the nonuniform spatial distribution of Q10 has contributed to improving the simulation of the terrestrial carbon fluxes and the global carbon cycle.


Drama (on television, film or stage) is the most popular of all modes of fictional cogni- tion. Drama consists of direct representation of a fictional social network in which characters have conflicting desires. It is dominated by two main genres: tragedy, which generally concerns status competition, and comedy, which generally concerns the process of mate selection. I argue that the evolved mind is intrinsically interested in information about the attempts to maximise fitness by individuals in the surrounding group. This is because such information is useful for optimising the individual's own behaviour. In particular, the strategies of others with regard to status attainment and mate selection impinge directly on our fitness and so have strong attention-grabbing power. I argue from analyses of Twelfth Night and Richard III that comedies and tragedies appear well designed to exploit these informational biases of the mind. This may explain the enduring appeal of the genres.


Acoustic tumors (vestibular schwannomas) are the most common tumor of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Microsurgical resection is the traditional method of treatment, with complete tumor removal as the goal. The translabyrinthine approach is used in patients with poor hearing or no hearing and in any tumors larger than 2.5 cm. The middle fossa approach is used for tumors up to 2 cm in size with serviceable hearing. Conservative therapy or "observation" with serial imaging is often advocated for elderly patients with smaller tumors and without significant symptoms. A more recent treatment modality is stereotactic radiotherapy, with the goal of tumor control, defined as tumor regression or stable tumor size. Different forms of radiotherapy include radiosurgery, which uses a single-fraction dose of radiation, and fractionated radiotherapy, which divides doses to minimize damage to normal tissues. Regardless of method, treatment results for small acoustic tumors are generally good, and we typically recommend early intervention. Complete tumor removal has been demonstrated in 99% of patients undergoing microsurgical resection for small tumors, with tumor recurrence rates over all tumor sizes very low (<0.3%). Most reports show good facial nerve function after treatment in >90% of patients with small tumors. Hearing preservation at serviceable levels in patients with preoperative hearing is reported at about 60% in patients with small tumors undergoing middle fossa microsurgical removal. Cranial nerve dysfunction is often delayed following radiotherapy, so tumor control rates and nerve function results with the current generation of lower dose radiotherapy procedures awaits further study.


This paper covers the transformation of the Russian state policy in Arctic since early 2000's till now describes and assesses the factors governing its certain directions. Russia's competitive positions in the Arctic space in connection with country's economic and geopolitical presence in that area are assessed. Special attention is paid to promising projects for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the specifics of the Arctic policy of Russia at the present stage is the comprehensive approach to the development of the Russian Arctic zone and protection of national interests in that region accounting for legal, international, scientific, economic, military and other elements.


This article was written as a continuation of the previous one that was published in the Bulletin number 230 of this Institution: "Las exposiciones de la Pintura Burgalesa en las Salas de Arte y Galerías de Burgos (I)" (The expositions of the Painting in Halls and Art Galleries of Burgos I) . It intends to analyse toget her with the previous one the evolution that went through the city of Burgos from the aspect of the artistic and cultural promotion, by the study of the pictorial expositions that were celebrated from 1940 until now.


We present a simple general framework for realistic models of supersymmetry breaking driven by anomaly mediation. We consider a 5-dimensional `brane universe' where the visible and hidden sectors are localized on different branes, and the standard model gauge bosons propagate in the bulk. In this framework there can be charged scalar messengers that have contact interactions with the hidden sector, either localized in the hidden sector or in the bulk. These scalars obtain soft masses that feed into visible sector scalar masses at two loop order via bulk gauge interactions. This contribution is automatically flavor-blind, and can be naturally positive. If the messengers are in the bulk this contribution is automatically the same order of magnitude as the anomaly mediated contribution, independent of the brane spacing. If the messengers are localized to a brane the two effects are of the same order for relatively small brane spacings. The gaugino masses and A terms are determined completely by anomaly mediation. In order for anomaly mediation to dominate over radion mediation the radion must be is stabilized in a manner that preserves supersymmetry, with supergravity effects included. We show that this occurs in simple models. We also show that the μ problem can be solved by the vacuum expectation value of a singlet in this framework.


A new way of producing rigid or semi-rigid foams from vital wheat gluten using a freeze-drying process is reported. Water/gluten-based mixtures were frozen and freeze-dried. Different foam structur ...


Since the fall of communism and all the way up to the present day, various international initiatives aimed at influencing justice reform in Bulgaria have sought to compel domestic actors to abandon inherited practices characterised by patrimonialism and political clientelism through imported professional and organisational standards. On the basis of an extensive qualitative study of the implementation of international technical assistance initiatives in the Bulgarian judicial system, we revisit the theory of relations between transfers and learning as it has been elaborated in studies of Europeanisation. Starting with an examination of specific reforms to modify the methods of recruiting, appointing and promoting magistrates, the article tackles the construction of an alternative conceptualisation that understands learning as the emergent and cumulative effect of a conjunction of social processes. This effect not only puts into play the process of appropriating exported elements but also carries with it endogenous dynamics, in particular political struggles between groups of justice professionals.


We review the causal backreaction paradigm, in which the need for Dark Energy is eliminated via the generation of an apparent cosmic acceleration from the causal flow of inhomogeneity information coming in from distant structure-forming regions. The formalism detailed here incorporates the effects of "recursive nonlinearities": the process by which already-established metric perturbations will subsequently act to slow-down all future flows of inhomogeneity information. Despite such effects, we find viable cosmological models in which causal backreaction successfully serves as a replacement for Dark Energy, via the adoption of relatively large values for the dimensionless "strength" of the clustering evolution functions being modeled. These large values are justified by the hierarchical nature of clustering and virialization in the universe, which occurs on multiple cosmic length scales simultaneously; moreover, the clustering model amplitudes needed to match the apparent acceleration can be moderated via the incorporation of a model parameter representing the late-time slow-down of clustering due to astrophysical feedback processes. In summary, an alternative cosmic concordance can be achieved for a matter-only universe in which the apparent acceleration observed is generated entirely by causal backreaction effects. Lastly, considering the long-term fate of the universe, while the possibility of an "eternal" acceleration due to causal backreaction seems unlikely, this conclusion does not take into account the large-scale breakdown of cosmological isotropy in the far future, or the eventual ubiquity of gravitationally-nonlinear perturbations.


The paper discusses alternative explanations for the crisis that hit the euro area in 2010-2012. The crisis is inseparable from the accumulation of external imbalances between member countries since the mid-1990s. Therefore, the explanation for its origins has to be found in the identification of the mechanisms that contributed to the accumulation of those imbalances. The different explanations discussed here – convergence between economies, fiscal practices, labour relations,capital flows and specialization profiles – are not mutually exclusive. However, the available evidence suggests that some processes are more relevant than others – and they are not the most obvious.


Knowledge graphs have been pivotal in supporting downstream applications like search, recommendation, and question answering, among others. Therefore, knowledge graphs have naturally become key enabling technologies in e-Commerce platforms. Developing a high coverage product knowledge graph is more challenging than generic knowledge graphs. The highly specific and complex domain, the sparsity of training data, along with the dynamic taxonomies and product types, can constrain the resulting knowledge graphs. In this tutorial we present best practices and ML innovations in industry towards building a scalable product knowledge graph. Contributions in this domain benefit from the general literature in areas including information extraction and data mining, tailored to address the specific characteristics of e-Commerce platforms.


The tongue manipulates food while chewing and swallowing, dilates the airway during inspiration, and shapes the sounds of speech in humans. While performing these functions the tongue morphs through many complex shapes. At present it is not known how the muscles of the tongue perform these complex shape changes. The difficulty in understanding tongue biomechanics is partly due to gaps in our knowledge regarding the complex neuromuscular anatomy of the tongue. In this study the motor and sensory nerve anatomy of four canine tongues was studied with Sihler's stain, a technique that renders most of the tongue tissue translucent while counterstaining nerves. An additional tongue specimen was serially sectioned to provide a reference for the muscle structure of the tongue.


ABSTRACT: At current developments in computer technology is increasing, technology is able to provide the information as accurate and which are no doubt accurate lagi.Misalnya on PT.Paramulti Finance in handling the data collection process which is still manually BPKB in providing consumer finance will spend a long time penyelesaianya , especially concerning the problem statement.This program includes the application of credit payment information each time transaction, so it can be more easily and to optimize control of every month. With the help of supporting applications created with Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 is expected to ease in knowing the credit payment information. Bibliography: 5 (1999-2006)


Derek Freeman's Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making of an Anthropological Myth (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983) has initiated an unusual and sustained encounter between science, politics, and popular culture. Even before its April 1983 publication, newspaper and magazine readers as well as television audiences found themselves confronted with information about Samoan ethnography, biological determinism, and Margaret Mead's credibility as a scientist. Five years after her death, one of America's most revered female public figures had again ignited controversy. Sadly missing from the scene, however, was the colorful personality who for half a century had defended her discipline, anthropology, and her politics at the same time that she interpreted the often obscure meanings of scientific controversy for the American public. The controversy is both a fascinating and concrete reenactment of past conflicts and perhaps an early dramatization of what lies down austerity's yellow brick road. To find Mead at the center of an anthropological or public controversy is not unusual. For many Americans, Margaret Mead was anthropology, particularly that kind of anthropology that posits the possibility for social change. During much of her distinguished sixty-year career as a scientist and social critic, the politics surrounding Mead were American politics. Ever the patriot, she joined the ideological battle against totalitarian fascism and communism in the 1930s and 1940s. In postwar years, she devoted her critical intellect to questions of racial and sexual equality, youth and generational conflict, international peace, and the environ-


The constraint logic programming system ECL/sup i/PS/sup e/ is discussed. Computation in ECL/sup i/PS/sup e/ alternates between two modes: constraint handling and host program execution. The host programming language is (an extended) Prolog, which handles search, and interaction with the programming environment. The control for host program execution mode is the usual Prolog control. The constraint handling mode has a quite different form of control, which generalises data-driven computation. During constraint handling all possible information is extracted from the constraints. When there is no more information to be extracted, the system returns to host program execution, which continues until another constraint is posted and constraint handling restarts. The authors show the advantage of combining Prolog programming with constraints handling for a shift planning application. They also indicate how to control the constraint handling itself, and the application of such control for optimising job-shop scheduling programs.


We grew n-type arsenic (As)-doped single-crystal diamond layers using tertiarybutylarsine as an As source. The n-type conduction of the As-doped layers was confirmed both in Hall measurements and from the current–voltage characteristics of the diodes. In the As-doped layers, electron concentration increased with As concentration in the layers. The ionization energy of the As donor decreased from 1.6 to 0.7 eV with As concentration from 1×1017 to 9×1019 cm-3. A diamond p–n junction diode with an n-type As-doped layer exhibited a rectification ratio of ∼1000 at ±10 V at room temperature.


Ultrasonically activated microbubbles are promising candidates for targeted therapeutic applications such as drug and gene delivery. Understanding vascular permeability is thus important. In this study, ultra high‐speed microphotography was used to directly visualize the dynamics of microbubbles in microvessels, under the excitation of ultrasound pulses with a duration time of about 2 μs, a center frequency of 1 MHz, and peak negative pressures (PNPs) between 0.8 and 7.2 MPa. Correlated vascular permeability was examined by imaging extravasation of bubbles from the vessels and by looking at the treated region histologically and under transmission electron microscopy. Local vessel distention and invagination caused by microbubble oscillations and liquid jet impinging on the vessel wall all appear to contribute to enhanced permeability for microvessels with diameters 4 MPa. Vascular permeation was also observed in larger vessels. However, in these cases vessel invagination was g...


A reasonable coal seam permeability model should be established to accurately estimate the extraction effectiveness of coalbed methane (CBM). Existing permeability models typically ignore the influence of pore structure parameters on the permeability, leading to an overestimation of the measured permeability, and consequently, the CBM production cannot be effectively predicted. This paper presents a novel permeability model based on discrete pore structures at the micro–nano scale. The model considers the interaction between the pore fractal geometry parameters, coal deformation and CBM transport inside these pores. The contributions of key pore geometry parameters, including the maximum pore diameter max, minimum pore diameter min, porosity f0, and fractal dimensions Df and DTm, to the initial permeability were investigated. A numerical analysis showed that the influence of fractal dimension on the permeability can be demonstrated by three structural parameters max, min, and f0. The initial permeability increases exponentially as min in proportion to max and f0. In addition, min, f0, and max are positively correlated with the macroscopic permeability of the coal, with min having the most significant influence on the permeability evolution process. This research provides a theoretical foundation for revealing the gas flow mechanism within coal seams and enhancing the extraction effectiveness of CBM.


Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid globally to education of both children and youth. It has been the result of ever-growing requirements of learners' knowledge, as well as educational cultivation of young people. Contemporary society has been witnessing undesirable actions of learners against teachers. That is why the paper discusses learners' interactions with teachers and how they are assessed by teachers. The paper also introduces implications for improving the quality of teachers' interventions in educational processes.


Side impact tree/pole crashes can have devastating consequences. A series of 49 Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) cases of narrow-object side impacts were analyzed. 26 of 49 had serious chest injury and 26 had serious head injury. Of the head trauma patients, 10 had skull fractures, out of which seven were basilar skull fracture. Seventeen of the head trauma patients had some kind of internal bleeding such as subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage; three were coded as having diffuse axonal injury. Of the chest injuries, 17 occupants had lung contusions and 19 had rib fractures. Of those with rib fractures, 15 of 17 had unilateral rib fractures. Examining crash test data of side pole crashes, it was evident that in tests where the pole caused intrusion at the middle of the occupant's thigh, a high degree of oblique chest loading occurred. The hypothesis was that this oblique chest loading from the door induces unilateral rib fractures, lung contusions, and possible aortic rupture. Additional testing was done in a sled laboratory to induce oblique chest loading to post mortem human specimens (PMHS). A modified side impact sled buck induced oblique loading at 20 and 30 degree angles to the chest. PMHS subjects experienced unilateral rib fracture patterns. Additional dummy tests in this same configuration were also conducted. Chestband data revealed better biofidelity in the WorldSID dummy than the NHTSA-SID for oblique chest loading. These dummies however, are not currently equipped to measure oblique chest deformations. Narrow-object side impacts are realistic crash environments that can induce oblique chest loading. Because the human may be more vulnerable in this type of crash scenario, dummy biofidelity and measurements, as well as a re-examination of side injury criteria may be necessary to design appropriate injury-mitigating safety devices.


The growing use of social media in contemporaneous conflicts and its penetration into modern warfare is a thing to be pondered. Social media has redefined social movements, collective actions, and empowered marginalized groups to have a say in international affairs. While there has been a large body of literature examining how the traditional media depicts conflicts and violent events, the role of social media in shaping conflicts has been overlooked. Consulting an extensive literature related to social media and contemporary conflicts, this study explored the pivotal role of social media in the escalation of recent civil uprisings and the consequences of digital activism on changing conflict dynamics. This study also analyzed the usage of social media by militant organizations and insurgent groups for their vested interests and validated the insurgent public sphere role of social media in shaping conflicts.


Intestinal intussusption is primarily a disease of infants and occurs in adult in a relatively low frequency. Recently we experienced an adult case of idiopatic intussusption of the intestine. A 20-year-old man was seen at the hospital because of right lower quadlant pain. There was tenderness in the same region and a most probable diagnosis was appendicitis. With abdominal ultrasonography a diagnosis of iliocecal intussusption was made. During operation it was found that the cecum and terminal ileum was investigated into the ascending colon, but it was sponteniously released. We were not able to rule out a possible organic disease as a cause of the condition, and performed an ileocecal excision. No any lesion was detected in the excised intestine histopathologically. In a recent 11-year-old period a total of nine adult patient have been treated at the hospital, and two patients of them had an unknown cause. Eight out of nine patients underwent laparotomy, all of whom were definitely diagnosed as having an intestinal intussusption by preoperative abdominal ultrasonography. The importance of abdominal ultrasonography as a diagnotic tool should be emphasized.


1. The syndrome here described in six Bulgarian subjects is characterised by partial duplication of the foot or diplopodia, combined with either hyperplasia or aplasia of the tibia. The accessory elements are located along the medial border of the "normal" foot and consist of two or three toes with related metatarsal and tarsal bones. The fibula is not directly involved. 2. No evidence of familial inheritance was found in these cases. 3. Various reconstructive measures and the place of amputation of the whole foot are discussed in the course of the six case reports.


Twists, Turns and Dead Alleys: The League of Nations and Intellectual Cooperation in Times of War In recent years, historians of international organisations have asserted a strong continuity between pre- and post-war organisations. This article examines the wartime transitions in the field of intellectual cooperation and traces the fate of the League's International Commission on Intellectual Cooperation (CICI) and its executive arm, the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IICI) in Paris. Even though both the CICI and the IICIC were officially dormant after 1940, representatives of intellectual cooperation such as Henri Bonnet, James T. Shotwell and Gilbert Murray sought ways to continue their work. During the war, such initiatives seemed most promising in the Western hemisphere, where Latin American and US American protagonists planned to continue the League's work in Havana. Paradoxically, the increased importance of intellectual cooperation and cultural exchange and especially the engagement of the US and the British governments towards 1945 led to a break with the League's institutions, which were perceived as too weak. The postwar organisation UNESCO was in fact built on a different, more strictly inter-governmental basis than the League's ICO and also pursued different aims that reflected the shifts in global alliances.


Recording of brain activity comprises both periodic and aperiodic components. Recent studies postulate distinct physiological interpretations for aperiodic activity. Ignoring the aperiodic (fractal) component when analyzing the brain signal could result in incorrect conclusions. We proposed a new data-driven solution to the signal decomposition problem, called periodic-aperiodic intrinsic mode decomposition (PAIMD), for separating the brain signal into the oscillations (periodic activity) and underlying fractal background (aperiodic activity). The PAIMD does not need any specification for the frequency limits of oscillations. Furthermore, a new technique was introduced for calculating the peaks in the spectrum of signals which feed to the PAIMD as the initial condition. We tested the PAIMD on simulated data for signal decomposition when the fractal activity was present. In addition, the application of PAIMD on human EEG data during the delay period of the working memory task revealed alternation in fractal features (exponent and offset) for individuals with lateral PFC damage and task-related alternation in alpha-beta oscillation power (relation and identity features of visual stimuli).