The article presents three scientific hypotheses about the impact of technological factors influencing the quality factors of optical details (crystals) processed by diamond turning. Diamond turning is an innovative process for processing details with complex geometric shapes, it is also used in the processing of optical details with crystal structure (germanium, silicon). The experiments were conducted in real production conditions reflecting the influence of technological factors on the quality of surfaces in the processing of optical parts. The three hypotheses related to the machine parameters are confirmed by the conducted research, and the results are presented in tabular form.


The following letter is addressed to Funk, in his background and influences. The main objective of this project will follow a compositional line through the beginning, where it comes from and how this musical genre born. It will start in rhythmic key that has been and is based on various styles and genres developed through the ages, created in different parts of the world and is still used today. The Bembe, African genre built mostly in cultures in the Americas, is considered an African matrix which has designed an extensive range of popular rhythms of North America, the Caribbean and South America. There is a wide variety of conceptual research on Funk and Bembe regardless of their musical transition and historical context. Several artists and performers deepen their focus on these two kinds regardless of their relationship, merger or direct combination, such as: Fela Kuty, James Brown, The Temptations, Kool and the Gang, and others. This research is directed towards a type of composition influenced from the rhythmic key Bembe, without focusing on the influences created until then and get straight to the creation of Funk. It is able to create a direct relationship between these two genres with all the rhythmic and harmonic elements found each other. It wants to demonstrate in context, are all common features of these two genres, approach them in the foreground with the Funk with a type of composition that shows in turn the identity of each gender and how the Bembe was able to develop and create a relationship that he led the Funk genre may arise.


This research on the use of jamblang puree in fermented milk has been carried out in Milk Processing Science and Technology Laboratory. The aim is to investigate the function of jamblang puree in enhancing acidophilus milk as a probiotic drink. This research uses a completely randomized factorial pattern design, consisting of two factors, namely the percentage of jamblang puree (A) with 4 levels (0, 10, 20 and 30)% and the percentage of starter (B) with 3 levels (2.5, 5, 7.5)%. The starter used is Lactobacillus acidophillus. Changes in the quality of acidhopillus milk are known through the measurement of pH, syneresis value, and total lactic acid bacteria. The results showed that the addition of jamblang puree significantly decreased the pH value and total lactic acid bacteria but the interaction of the two factors significantly increased syneresis. In conclusion, the addition of jamblang puree creates products whose quality is still in the SNI range so it can be categorized as a product that is suitable for consumption.


The electrical characterization of catalysts composed of layered manganese oxide in the form of birnessite supported on γ-Al2O3, which have been successfully used in the combustion of soot, is presented. The results indicate that the electrical conduction and ion conduction processes are influenced by the amount of the active phase. There was also evidence of Grotthuss-type proton conductivity favored by the presence of surface water on the exposed alumina surface. The above is supported by the porous nature of the catalyst in which the surface area varied between 125.2 ± 1.2 and 159.0 ± 1.1 m2/g, evidencing changes in the alumina surface. The conductivity, determined from measurements of impedance spectroscopy, at low frequency showed changes associated with the amount of the active phase. The values ranged from 2.61 × 10−8 ± 2.1 × 10−9 Ω−1·cm−1 (pure alumina) to 7.33 × 10−8 ± 5.9 × 10−9 Ω−1·cm−1, 7.21 × 10−8 ± 5.8 × 10−9 Ω−1·cm−1 and 4.51 × 10−7 ± 3.6 × 10−8 Ω−1·cm−1 at room temperature for catalysts with nominal active phase contents of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0%, respectively. Such results indicate that it is possible to modulate the electrical properties with variations in the synthesis parameters.


The utility model relates to a light screen target light energy detector, which is a special device for testing the projectile velocity of a light curtain target and can check the light energy of a target surface. The utility model is mainly composed of a mechanical structure part, a control circuit, a computer and software, wherein an L-shaped vertical frame is provided with a probe running component, the bottom is provided with a ground foot so as to assure stable push movement. The electrical signal of a photoelectric probe is connected with the control circuit, the control circuit can control and drive a stepper motor to drive the probe to operate to a checking position, the signal obtained by the control circuit can be sent to the computer for data processing and the utility model can attain the light energy distribution in the target surface in real time. The utility model not only solves the automatic detection of the light energy on the light curtain target, but also can display the light energy distribution of the target surface on the computer and the utility model is rapid and visualized. The utility model has the advantages of stable running of the probe, simple structure, convenient and rapid testing the light energy at any point in the target surface, automatic or manual probe position adjustment and convenient operation and the utility model provides necessary experimental basis for light curtain target development.


Ottoman political history of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is curiously under-researched. On the other hand, this sub-field of Ottoman studies was the first to receive systematic expert interest in Catholic and Protestant Europe. Moreover, Ottoman historiography also excelled in this domain. Paul Rycaut, Demetrius Cantemir, Mouradgea d'Ohsson and even the young Joseph von Hammer all treated the empire as a contemporary polity with a meaningful and functioning administrative structure. They tended to contextualise political and diplomatic affairs by reference to military matters, while military men such as Raimondo Montecuccoli or Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli discussed military problems while also showing an informed interest in politics and administration. Cantemir and Marsigli, who were of Ottoman extraction or else had spent a considerable amount of time in Istanbul, often shared a sentiment expressed by Ottoman chroniclers and political authors – namely, that the empire was in a state of decline. This idea, partly boosted by the influence of Edward Gibbon's History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (London, 1782–8), was to fascinate Western authors; unfortunately it was to prove detrimental to their understanding of and interest in the post-sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire. Only in the last few decades has the paradigm of 'Ottoman decline' been subjected to criticism. This debate has been informed by neo-Marxism, post-linguistic-turn social science, modernisation studies and, above all, the debate triggered by Edward W Said's Orientalism (1978); however, Said himself had considerable difficulty when it came to dealing with the Ottomans.


measures 90 to 105 degrees. A number of anatomic features affect this measurement with the strength of the mandible having particular importance. On profile view, the vertical plane that extends from the subnasale to the vermilion border of the lower lip defines the position of the chin. This line should touch the pogonion (definition) in men or pass 2 to 3 mm anterior to the pogonion in women. The


Parasadoletus exsertus gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Heterogastridae) is described from Mount Glorious, southeastern Queensland, Australia, based on specimens collected associated with a rainforest tree Argyrodendron actinophyllum (F. M. Bailey) Edlin (Malvaceae). The new genus is compared and its relationship with other known genera of the family Heterogastridae elucidated, also comments on host plant associations within this family are provided.


IC lead-forming is the last process of IC package,quality of the IC lead-forming will directly affect the reliability of electronic assembly products,the key point is the selection of technology parameters about shoulder length,Stand off,Foot length,coplanarity and the reasonable allocation and optimization of process equipment.The problems of lead-forming about surface mount Fine-pitch QFP device in the application were discussed.The relevant technical requirements and status of domestic and international about such devices lead-forming were introduced.At the same time,put forward solutions of hand lead-forming.


In this paper we compare the simulation results of two types of GI/M/1 infinite capacity queues with the implemented threshold-based renovation mechanism. As usual renovation implies probabilistic dropping of customers from the queue upon service completions. In the systems of the first type there is the threshold value (indication the queue length) which controls the activation of the renovation mechanism. In the systems of the second type the threshold value not only triggers the renovation, but also specifies the area in the queue wherefrom the customers cannot be dropped. For both types of systems the main stationary characteristics are obtained. Numerical results are also provided, which illustrate the performance of the queues for different sets of simulation parametres. The simulation results comparison are presented in the section 4.


The present invention is immersed in an electrolytic solution containing any one selected from sodium silicate or sodium aluminate and any one selected from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and then satisfy the formulas 1 and 2 in the aluminum-based metal The present invention relates to a plasma electrolytic oxidation surface treatment method of an aluminum-based metal having a pressure in the reactor and an atmospheric pressure of 2.5 × 10 5 Pa. In another aspect, the present invention is characterized in that the crystal phase of the aluminum-based metal aluminum-based metal oxide film prepared according to the plasma electrolytic oxidation surface treatment method mainly comprises α-Al 2 O 3 phase and comprises some γ-Al 2 O 3 It relates to a metal oxide film.


The One-step project is a collaboration between ANAFI, ANAPRI and ANARB whose objective is to develop a system of joint genetic-genomic evaluations for bulls, cows and young animals, for all traits. A hybrid one-step procedure was developed in which single trait animal model deregression of domestic cow and bull EBVs as well MACE EBV is followed by single-step genomic evalutation using the deregressed EBV as phenotypes. The system was initially built around SNP-BLUP evaluations, optionally including or excluding cows from the training set, as a transition step and for comparison purposes. There were not big differences between SNPBLUP and ONE-STEP for the productive traits in term of reliability gain, while the difference was larger for SCS and conformation traits. Increase of reliability of GEBV due to the inclusion of the cows in the reference population was limited in general. However, in the future, the inclusion of genotyped cows and genotyped foreign bulls with MACE evaluations is essential for breeds like Italian Simmental that have a relatively few genotypes and many foreign bulls with few or no daughters in Italy.


Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) as a vegetable crop has gained importance due to rich dietary proteins. In this context, production of quality green pods is the need of the hour. Among the various insect pests, lepidopteran pod borers including blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) and Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) has become real threat in vegetable pigeonpea production. Keeping this point in view, the field experiments was undertaken to evaluate some biopesticides and new chemical insecticides against lepidopteran pod borers during Kharif season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at college of Horticulture, Bagalkot, Karnataka. The pooled data indicated that treatment application of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC at 0.2 ml per liter and cyantraniliprole 10 OD at 1.2 ml per litre showed the least larval population, lowest pod damage with higher green pod yield followed by sequential application of B. bassiana (2 × 108 cfu/ml) at 2.0 ml per litre + azadirachtin (1000 ppm) at 1.0 ml per litre. However, the highest B: C ratio was obtained in the treatment chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC suggesting that two sprays of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC at 0.2 ml per litre in 10 days interval after 50 per cent flowering is environmentally safe, economically viable to manage lepidopteran pod borers in vegetable pigeonpea along with obtaining residue free green seeds at the time of harvest.


The objective of this study was to research on wetlands within Zoige County, Sichuan, China using random forest (RF) classifier and Landsat 5 TM data coupled with SRTM–DEM (shuttle radar topography mission–digital elevation model). Four datasets i) TM; ii) TM+NDWI (normalized difference water index); iii) TM+DEM; and iv) TM+NDWI+DEM were studied. Results using the RF and other three classifiers were evaluated. Overall, the highest overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were achieved using dataset 4. The accuracy levels and kappa coefficients were 88% and 0.84; 76% and 0.67; 85% and 0.81; 75% and 0.69 for the RF, ML, SVM, and CART classifiers, respectively.


It is estimated that up to 40% of acute gastroenteritis cases are undiagnosed. Rotavirus is a primary aetiological agent, so the introduction of vaccines into the national immunisation programmes of many countries, including South Africa, has shown promise in reducing the burden of disease and decreasing hospital admissions. Recently, several novel viruses have been isolated in association with gastroenteritis, although their epidemiology and clinical significance are poorly understood. This article highlights the importance of rotavirus in diarrhoeal disease. A review is provided of the molecular biology of emerging pathogens in the Picornavirus family.


The invention specifically relates to a waterborne polyurethane dispersion with a high solid content and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of high polymers. The waterborne polyurethane dispersion with high solid content comprises, by weight, 10 to 50% of fine grains and 50 to 90% of coarse grains, wherein the average particle size of the fine grains is in a range of 50 to 150 nm; the average particle size of the coarse grains is in a range of 200 to 700 nm; the solid content of the waterborne polyurethane dispersion is no less than 50%; and the viscosity of the waterborne polyurethane dispersion is in a range of 1 mPa.s to 1500 mPa.s. The waterborne polyurethane dispersion prepared in the invention is low in viscosity and applicable to fields like coating agents and adhesives for flexible substrates.


Recent LNG projects have pointed out the efficiency of low crested caissons breakwaters in providing shelter from waves to LNG terminals during frequent conditions whilst allowing for wave overtopping / transmission during most severe storms, reducing the design loads and therefore the overall cost of the breakwater. Unfortunately, little is known on hydrodynamic behaviour and loading of low crested structures heavily overtopped by long waves and use of existing design codes generally leads to over-design and excessive construction costs. Bearing this in mind, both physical and numerical models have been successfully applied to investigate wave-structure interaction problems and in particular to improve accuracy and increase confidence in the estimations of wave loading, wave overtopping and transmission over low crested structures. Tentative semi-empirical formulas are presented for wave overtopping and wave transmission based on new experimental data.


Abstract For the many sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English men and women who found themselves in states of exile, physically, socially, or spiritually, the expressions of sorrow and hope by those in similar conditions in the Bible provided a crucial consolation. Exploring the various complex ways in which writers represented their conditions of exile by biblical allusions, paraphrase, and adaptation, especially to The Lamentations of Jeremiah and Psalm 137, "By the waters of Babylon," demonstrates the central role of the Bible in this area of early modern thought and culture. A broad spectrum of English writers, including the earl of Clarendon, John Donne, John Quarles, James Forsyth, and John Saltmarsh, wrestled with problems of exile, and they tried to solve them, or at least understand them, in terms of biblical models.


The present invention provides a method of microporous polyolefin membrane used as a battery separator produced, which is easy to control the strength of the microporous membrane, permeability and shrinkage properties, has excellent quality uniformity and stability in the production of the microporous membrane preparation sex.


Part 1 The big picture: Why bother to catalogue? What to catalogue? Who should catalogue? How to catalogue i?½ and not reinvent the wheel. Part 2 The nitty-gritty: Is it a book, is it a journal? Whati?½s a strange attractor? Cataloguing subjects you know nothing about Ici on ne lit pas le frani?½ais: unknown languages and how to deal with them Special cases Resources for cataloguers.


A federation is a group of organizations or service providers which allow sharing of user identity information among each other based on a built trust. Its main goal is to enable Single Sign-On between different domains so enabling a user to authenticate himself only once and gain access to resources of multiple software systems. In the current web oriented information technology world, where an increasingly large number of services take place via the web, the federation framework provides means to enhance the user experience and to reduce the number of authentications a user will have to do while surfing between services of federated organizations. This thesis does a study of the federation concept, its specifications and some of the current software implementations for future references. In addition it studies the viability of federating the e-Catalunya platform. This is done with the development of a pilot test in which the e-Catalunya platform is prepared to form a single sign-on federation.


The utility model discloses a rotation clamp for the laser marker and consists of a rotation cylinder which can whirl 180 degree and a turntable device fixed on the rotation cylinder. The turntable device consists of two clamp installation position, a laser marker between the two clamp installation positions, a cylinder on each clamp installation position, a clapboard opposite to the cylinder and a side clapboard. The two clamp installation positions are symmetrical. The utility model can mark the product on one clamp installation position and removes the product on the other clamp installation position at the same time as the utility model has two clamp installation positions. Therefore, the utility model can save time and enhance the work efficiency.


1. A compound of formula (I) !! wherein ! X denotes carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom or -SO2 group; ! bond indicated by the dotted line is a single bond or a double bond; ! R1a, b, c, d and R2a, b, identical or different, each represent a hydrogen or halogen atom; group (C1-C5) alkyl; (C1-C5) alkoxy; (C1-C5) haloalkyl, hydroxyl; hydroxy (C1-C5) alkyl, (C1-C5) alkoxy (C1-C5) alkyl; cyano; -SOOR5 group; a group NR6R7; -SOOR5- group (C1-C5) alkyl; Group NR6R7- (C1-C5) alkyl, a group -CONR6R7, -CONR6R7- group (C1-C5) alkyl, SO2NR6R7 group; ! (R2a) p or (R2b) r may also form, with the carbon atom to which they are attached, a group C = O; ! R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a (C1-C5) alkyl; (C1-C5) alkoxy; alkoxy (C1-C5) alkyl; hydroxy; hydroxy (C1-C5) alkyl, (C1-C5) haloalkyl; cyano; group! -SOOR5; a group NR6R7; -SOOR5- group (C1-C5) alkyl; Group NR6R7- (C1-C5) alkyl, a group -CONR6R7, -CONR6R7- group (C1-C5) alkyl. ! R4 is: hydrogen, (C1-C5) alkyl group; ! - (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group; ! heterocycle; ! aryl mono- or bicyclic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms; ! Mono- or bicyclic heteroaryl group having from 2 to 9 carbon atoms; ! aryl or heteroaryl group optionally substituted with 1-4 substituents selected from halogen atoms, groups (C1-C5) alkyl; (C1-C5) alkoxy; (C1-C5) haloalkyl, hydroxyl; hydroxy (C1-C5) alkyl, (C1-C5) alkoxy (C1-C5) alkyl; cyano; phenyl optionally substituted; benzyl, optionally substituted; -SOOR5; NR6R7; -SOOR5- group (C1-C5) alkyl; Group NR6R7- (C1-C5) alkyl; -CONR6R7 group, -CONR6R7- group (C1-C5) alkyl; group -SO2NR6R7; group NR6-COR5; ! p and r, which are identical or different, denote


Speech perception in noise is a challenge for older adults and listeners with hearing loss. It is also challenging for a subset of listeners with normal hearing thresholds. One way to improve performance in noisy settings is to provide visual information of the talker. The current study examines what aspects of this visual input are necessary to receive an audio-visual benefit. To test the hypothesis that a visual analogue of the speech amplitude envelope aids speech comprehension, speech sentences in babble noises, with or without visual stimuli, were presented to listeners. In this case, the visual analogue was a sphere that varies based on normal, mismatched, and reversed relation to the amplitude envelope of the speech signal. Even when the audio-visual correlation is reversed (higher amplitude = smaller volumes), a significant improvement in speech perception in the auditory-visual condition versus the audio-only condition was gained even though no visual representation of phonetic information was available. These results provide strong evidence that the amplitude envelope can be inferred from visual displays and can be integrated online in speech perception. This study has implications for potential technological enhancements to speech perception with hearing devices – in particular, the integration of a non-auditory signal.Speech perception in noise is a challenge for older adults and listeners with hearing loss. It is also challenging for a subset of listeners with normal hearing thresholds. One way to improve performance in noisy settings is to provide visual information of the talker. The current study examines what aspects of this visual input are necessary to receive an audio-visual benefit. To test the hypothesis that a visual analogue of the speech amplitude envelope aids speech comprehension, speech sentences in babble noises, with or without visual stimuli, were presented to listeners. In this case, the visual analogue was a sphere that varies based on normal, mismatched, and reversed relation to the amplitude envelope of the speech signal. Even when the audio-visual correlation is reversed (higher amplitude = smaller volumes), a significant improvement in speech perception in the auditory-visual condition versus the audio-only condition was gained even though no visual representation of phonetic information was av...


3066 Introduction: There is no standard treatment for pts with non-metastatic AIPC (D0.5).We previously performed the first randomized study in this pt population involving N,V, and combination therapy. To our knowledge this report is the first prospective analysis of OS data in pts with stage D0.5 AIPC. Methods: The initial study randomized 21 pts to treatment with N and 21 pts to treatment with V. The V was an admixture containing a vaccinia vector with the gene for PSA combined with vaccinia containing the costimulatory molecule B7.1. As part of this V strategy, pts also received monthly boosts of fowlpox-PSA with GM-CSF and IL-2 with all vaccinations. Pts who developed rising serum PSA levels on either arm could cross-over to receive both V and N. Initial data demonstrated a clinical benefit in pts treated with combination V and N. Pts characteristics were reviewed and OS was determined using the social security death index. Actuarial analyses of the data using the Kaplan-Meier method were performed. ...


Wetlands contain both aquatic and terrestrial environments which generates high biodiversity. However, they are commonly associated with mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), and mosquitoes are usually ...


While welcoming the purpose of Mr. Ayers' paper (The Aerodrome Problem Related to Aircraft Design and Operation, R. H. Ayers, September 1949 JOURNAL), to present the aerodrome as a vital factor in civil aviation, I would like to oiler a few comments. The author says that the aerodrome, to a large extent, has been taken for granted; may not this statement in itself be indicative of the detachment of the aeronautical world from its problems? A relatively small number of people have been working on these problems for the past nine or ten years, and the technique is reasonably advanced. But is the knowledge so gained sufficiently appreciated by those concerned mainly with the flying aspect? In other words, wnile those whose business lies with airports necessarily keep abreast of developments in aircraft design and operating technique, is this process yeT; sufficiently reciprocated, so that the two complementary aspects of air transport may be co-ordinated to the best advantage? Napoleon said that an army marches on its stomach: similarly, an airline marches on its ground organisation, no small part of which is provided by efficiently planned and operated aerodromes and their attendant service's. Among the factors militating in present circumstances against expanding existing aerodromes to suit operational requirements, the author omits the cost of the constructional work. More stress might have been laid throughout the paper on the enormous cost of modern aerodromes for long distance services, whether it be in the provision of a new airport or in the extension of an existing one. Air transport supplements rail and sea transport and whereas railways provide their own stations, neither ship nor airport operators do so and depend, instead, on ground traffic handling facilities provided by public bodies. Terminal facilities for both forms of transport are similar in that they are costly, the cost, however, being assessable against many miles of route. In each case, too, the return on the capital expended takes two forms. The first is to a large extent immeasurable and lies in the benefits brought to the community by improved communications: the second, or direct, return, lies in the harbour and dock dues paid by shipping and in the landing fees and hahgarage charges paid by aircraft. It is a moot point, however, whether such payments are sufficient in the case of air transport, and whether the airline operator should not contribute in some way to the capital cost of the ground facilities which he seeks, instead of those falling entirely on the taxpayer. The total effect on the public should be much the same, with the advantage perhaps that the airline customer would pay more and others less, while the operators would have more say in, and should take a closer interest in, the expensive " stations " towards which they contributed. This, in turn, might react on the aircraft constructors who provide the machines, with the effect desired by Mr. Ayers. Mr. Ayers mentions the de-centralisation of military airfields and the centralisation needed in civil airports. * What is not very clearly brought out, however, is that the real focus of the airport lies in the planning and equipment of the terminal passenger and freight buildings, through which all traffic handled by the airport has ultimately to pass. The statement that the ultimate efficiency of an aerodrome must be measured in terms of the movement rate achieved should, therefore, be interpreted in terms of the quantity of passengers and freight handled in a given time, rather than in terms of the number of movements of aircraft, which are only a means to the movement of payload. The statement that the ideal situation for a terminal apron is as near the centre of the field as can be arranged, is perhaps rather broad. When determining the


sounding place names, the plethora of dates and references to this or that ex pedition in the early chapters, that he may reach the point of discouragement before he arrives at the place where the intriguing record of Assyrian-Israelite relationships begins. Among the most interesting discus sions in the book is that of the rela tionship between the biblical account of Sennacherib's famous invasion and the information afforded by the Taylor Prism; and any review of the little book ought to make mention of the contri bution the volume is bound to make to a better appreciation of the literary artistry as well as the spirit of exulta tion that is in the Book of Nahum. There are helpful maps and illustra tions and some most effective photo graphs, as well as a useful chronological chart and a select bibliography.


Jaina literature has a special place in Sanskrit literature. Buddhists and Jainas created vast literature in Prakrit, the spoken language of the people, for popularising their teachings. Jainas wrote in Sanskrit also. There are several literary works of Jainas, which are not very popular among the general Sanskrit scholars. The works of Jainas reflect the various aspects of the society, tradition, scientific knowledge, and other conditions during their period. Deep study of the works of Jainas throws some light on the medico-social, economical, scientific and other conditions.


Cellular automata model corresponding to Cattaneo's di.usion is constructed. Its phase space is given. Delay is shown to decrease the chaotic (Damage spread) region. Then cellular automata are used to study a stochastic minority game. Payo. memory approach introduced by Smale is used. A corresponding dynamical system is also derived. Cellular automata model for an epidemic ina populationwhose in dividuals are cyclin g betweentwo places is con structed. Both cases of uniform and random susceptibilities are included. c 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


OCT sees the human retina sharply \A/ith adaptive optics SCOT S. OLIVIER. STEVEN M . JONES, DIANA C. CHEN, ROBERT J. ZAWADZKI, STACEY S, CHOI, SOPHIE P. LAUT, A N D JOHN S. V\/ERNER Translator stage Model ptical-coherence tomog- eye raphy (OCT) has recently gained widespread popu- ceo line. larity among ophthal- FIGURE 1. in the sample arm of an adaptive-optics Fourier-domain opticai- mologists for use in the coherence-tomography (AO-FD-OCT) instrument developed at UC Davis and clinical diagnosis and monitoring of human LLNL, a series of afocal telescopes conjugates the pupil plane of the eye with key retinal disease. The key to this success is the components of the system, (y: magnification; D: diameter; DM: deformable mirror; ability of OCT to make noninvasive, in vivo Ml through M10: spherical mirrors; P: pupil plane; R: retinal plane.) measurements of the thickness of specific retinal layers—such as the In vivo cellular visualization of the be collected at multiple nerve-fiber layer, which thins in locations throughout a patients with glaucoma. (>urrent human retina at micrometer-scale subject's eye to provide commercial OCT instruments use an assessment of the a time-domain approach in which resolution is possible by enhancing overall health of retinal coherent interference between light structures. from the retina and a uniform refer- Fourier-domain optical-coherence ence sample is used to measure the Fourier-domain OCT tomography with adaptive optics reflectance of retinal tissue in a se- A new method called ries of axial depth locations—called Fourier-domain OCT that compensate for the eye's an A scan, Multiple A-scans are (FD OCT) has recently then obtained at a sequence of lateral optical aberrations. demonstrated perfor- locations, called a B-scan, to pro- mance enhancements duce a 2-D image slice of the retina. These image slices can compared to the time-domain OCT imaging technique. Fourier-domain OCT offers a significant advantage in sen- sitivity and acquisition speed.' Its differentiating feature is SCOT S. OLIVIER. STEVEN M. JONES, AND DIANA C. CHEN are at that data on the reflectance of the retinal tissue at each axial Lawrence Livermore Natronal Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-210, Livermore, Caiifornia 94550; e-mail: otivier1@llnl,gov, ROBERT J, depth location is obtained simultaneously by recording the ZAWADSKl. STACEY S. CHOI, SOPHIE P, LAUT, AND JOHN S- wavelength spectrum of the coherent interference between WERNER are at the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, light reflected from the retina and the reference sample. This UC Davis. 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento. CA 95817. Laser Focus World www.laserfocusworld.com February 2006


This study was carried out at the farm of Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt (31 08 40.3 N, 33 49 37.2 ̏ E), during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response of three quinoa genotype (Giza 1, Danish KVL3704 and Misr 1) to three irrigation intervals. A split plot design with three replicates using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was performed. Three irrigation intervals used were [irrigation every (3days (I1), 6 days (I2) and 9 days (I3)]. Results showed that water stress caused a significant reduction in all studied traits except for 1000 -seed weight and carbohydrates content. Increasing irrigation intervals from 3 to 9 days decreased No. of panicles per plant from 13.62 to 9.68 in 2016/2017 season and from 16.29 to 10.53 in 2017/2018 season. Increasing irrigation intervals from 3 to 9 days decreased protein content (%) by (15.11%) in 2016/ 2017 season and (15.95 %) in 2017/2018 season.


In his theoretical model of production prices Marx follows the classical economists in treating wages as being paid in advance. Sraffa, instead, tends to treat them as being paid post factum. However, when Marx tackles the problem under less abstract scrutiny, he abandons the classical approach and declares that, as a matter of fact, wages are postponed. We prove that, if the period of postponed wage payment differs from the length of the production process, the correct prices are better approximated by an equation with the full post-payment of wages than by one with full pre-payment. Under perfect competition and postponed wage payments, Sraffa's approach to price determination is the correct one, and validates Marx's non-classical vision, whatever the period of wage payment.


Soccer is a very complex sport which encompasses multiple aspects within. Some of which include; physical, technique, strategy, and mental factors. The physical factor is a major factor and one of the vital foundations of sport achievements. However, if the physical factor is good, all other corresponding factors can be well developed. This study aims to briefly identify the level of Agility of basic soccer skill Movement of student ranged between 11-13 years. This study applies the descriptive research with survey method. The research instrument used was the Agility Basic Movement APORI test. The study subjects are the soccer students from the 5 districts in the Yogyakarta special region and they totalled 143. The data analysis method was conducted using the percentage descriptive analysis. The study result shows that the Basic Agility Movement of soccer students between 11-13 years group is categorized as very low, comprised of 8% (12 players), categorized as low, comprised of 21% (30 players), categorized as medium it comprised of 34% (48 players) categorized as high comprised of 35% (50 players) and categorized as very high comprised of 2% (3 players). Based on average score which was 18.13, it can be concluded that Basic Agility Movement of soccer students between 11-13 years was categorized as medium. This result was influenced by several factors, which are: technique, sprint speed, leg muscle quality, coach ability, the players and environments. Keywords—soccer, identification, agility basic movement, Agility affecting factors


The object of research is heteroskedastic processes in the formation and evaluation of the offset policy of states in international markets, in particular, in the conclusion and execution of offset contracts. The process of concluding and fulfilling the conditions of an offset contract is weakly unsteady, because at its conclusion there can be a wide variety of sudden events, force majeure circumstances that can't be described and predicted in detail, with acceptable accuracy, in full. It is shown that the term «quasi-stationary process», which has some approximation to the stationary process, is more suitable for describing such processes. The most promising approach to constructing mathematical models of such processes is the use of combined fractal autoregression models and an integrated moving average. During the study, methods of the theory of non-stationary random processes and the theory of runs of random processes were used, it is shown that the combination of a quasi-stationary process with a sequence of random runs is quite satisfactorily modeled by the so-called fractal or self-similar process. As a universal mathematical model of self-similar processes with slowly decreasing dependencies, the model of fractal integrated autoregression and the moving average FARIMA are used. However, this model does not take into account the effect of runs of random processes on the coefficients of the numerator and denominator of the finely rational function, which approximates the process of autoregression and the moving average. Therefore, in the study, the relationship in the parameters of the runs and the coefficients of the approximating function. Mathematical models of discrete time series are considered, which are characterized by quasi-stationary and the presence of sudden runs. It is shown that for approximation of such series, models such as autoregression and moving average are quite suitable, modified to the classes of autoregression models and integrated moving average. And for self-similar (fractal) processes – modified to the classes of models of autoregression and fractal integrated moving average. The relationship between the shear length when calculating autocorrelation coefficients and the total sample length can serve as an acceptable indicator of the correctness of the solution.


This paper concerns the degree of indirect reduction in a burden rising substantially in an oxygen blast furnace. It studies the pellet, sinter and a mixture of both in different cases. The paper concerns experiments on single particle load softening to investigate the microstructural evolution of different burdens during the softening and melting process. The results of the experiments show that the degree of reduction impacted the softening and melting behaviour. In the case of a low degree of reduction, a slag phase substrate and a myrmekitic iron structure were formed on the periphery area of the molten burden, whereas slag phase substrate and disperse island wüstite structure were formed in the centre area. Both peripheral and central areas had a slag phase substrate and myrmekitic iron texture. The slag–iron distribution had a structure in which the slag phase was cut in the metal iron phase. The content of 2FeO.SiO2 as a low melting point phase in the slag decreased sharply, and this resulted in the increase in slag–iron separation temperature. The variation of the Ca/Si ratio in the interface between the pellet and the sinter indicated that enhancement of the reduction degree caused the initial temperature of the interaction in the mixed burden to rise and the interaction distance to decrease.


Clinical internship evaluation is an important part of medical education evaluation.This paper first identifies the construction of quality evaluation system,which includes the ideological and political quality,professional knowledge,comprehensive ability,physical quality,etc.Then this paper identifies the evaluation criteria of the internship quality,and thereafter a weight set has been conducted and an effective evaluation system of internship has been built up.


The invention relates to a thermoplastic molding mate rial of an elastomeric polymer A, a shell B grafted to the polymer A, and a copolymer C as rigid matrix. The amount of polymer A is 1 to 25 percent by weight based on the weight of A-B-C. It has a glass transition temperature, Tg, of less than 0° C. and an average parti cle size of 200 to 750 nanometers (d50 value of the inte gral mass distribution) and is composed of: 50 to 99.9 percent by weight of at least one alkylacrylate with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of a polyfunctional monomer which has a crosslinking action. Grafting shell B represents 5 to 40 percent by weight based on A-B-C and is composed of at least one of the monomers of the group of (b) vinylaromatic monomers, and (b2) the ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Grafting shell B is prepared in two stages with 30 to 70 percent by weight of the monomers b1 being used in the first stage, and 30 to 70 percent by weight of a mixture of monomers b1 and b2 in a weight ratio of 90:10 to 60:40 being used in the second stage. Copolymer C is added in an amount of 35 to 94 percent by weight based on A-B-C and consists of a vinylaromatic monomer and an ethylenically unsatu rated monomer.


The reliability of an existing weapon system has been evaluated for new impact environments and a new delivery system. For this system the traditional worst case approach to reliability was modified to incorporate the probability of occurrence of the environments because a costly redesign was not felt to be justifiable if the probability of experiencing the worst case environments was sufficiently small. Thousands of deterministic finite element simulations using an experimentally calibrated model were performed to populate the system response data base from which the reliability was determined. The system reliability was computed as a function of the probability of the impact severity and was found to be within an acceptable range.


The deep region lying between the Scottish and Irish continental shelves and the Rockall Bank is known by two names, the Rockall Channel and the Rockall Trough. Nansen (1913) refers to the Rockall Channel as the route of the "Gulf Stream" (Krummel's Irish Current) northeastwards through the Faeroe-Shetland Channel. The name "Rockall Trough" was adopted later, principally by the geologists and is in more general use today by all disciplines. The term is given precedence in this Bibliography.


Attending the congress on 'Lusitanian amphorae, production and diffusion' held at Tróia (Portugal) in October 20131 were not only many Portuguese researchers but also a range of international scholars. The resulting proceedings contain 38 contributions. The main goal was to present new results on amphora production in Lusitania and, especially, to update the evidence for and reconsider the circulation of Lusitanian amphoras by way of their distribution. This is a legitimate goal: as the editors correctly note in their Foreword, Lusitanian amphoras have been less studied at their point or places of consumption, much more being known about the places where they were produced,2 for which the first reports began to appear in the second half of the 19th c.3 Over the last three decades a huge number of Lusitanian kilns have been studied and published. The turning point for the study of Lusitanian amphoras came in 1987 with the classic typology proposed by A. D. Diogo,4 followed in the next year by the congress held at Conimbriga.5


By analyzing land use changed for tourism development in poverty-stricken area,which abounded in tourism resources,the authors pointed out the reason of the changes and principles of evaluation.According to tourism destination life cycle theory,the author also analyzed the tendency and direction of future land use and pointed out some problems to be noticed in tourism development.Taking Baizhangyan Tourism Area at Shucheng County of Anhui Province as an example,the authors analyzed the feasibility of tourism development,put up tourism development strategies for the area,and finally analyzed the impacts of tourism development on structural changes of land use.


PURPOSE: Analysis of technical characteristics of tomographic imaging methods and their impact on study results assessment. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retinal tomography data of 50 patients with macular area and optic disc pathology. The study was conducted using Nidek optical coherence tomography device and HRT-II retinal tomography device. Technical characteristics of obtained images, such as brightness, contrast, chromaticity, their interpretation and their impact on the diagnostic and treatment process were studied. RESULTS: While analyzing optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retinal tomography results for all of 50 patients (100%) we detected problems related to image quality. They are defined by specifications of the monitor and printer, characteristics of computer graphic, image visualization problems. Recommended display resolution is 1280×800 dpi or higher. Correct color reproduction of the image depends on the output resolution of the printer. Visualization of a three-dimensional object on a plane is currently under development. The process of transforming a 3D-object into 2D-graphics is often accompanied by software errors related to polygon conversion, as well as object «smoothing» and mapping when transferring it into a planar model. These technical issues do not have a significant impact on eye structures imaging in tomography studies. However, they may lead to inaccuracies in the assessment of morphometric parameters of the intraocular structures, which is significant in determining the dynamics of pathological processes. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmologists studying ocular tomography results should have a clear understanding of possible technical errors and their causes. Computer diagnostic methods should be regarded as auxiliary. We recommend giving preference to clinical examination methods for diagnosis specification and assessment of the pathological process dynamics.


Sperm morphology is an important technique in identifying the health of sperms. In this paper we present a new system and novel approaches to classify different kinds of sperm images in order to assess their health. Our approach mainly relies on a one-dimensional feature which is extracted from the sperm's contour with gray level information. Our approach can handle rotation and scaling of the image. Moreover, it is fused with SVM classification to improve its accuracy. In our evaluation, our method has better performance than the existing approaches to sperm classification.


This paper extends and develops the results of a previous paper Malinovskii (2007). Dealing with a simplistic diffusion multi-year model of insurance operations, this paper illustrates the adaptive control approach when the object of control is the balance of solvency and equity. Compared to the previous paper, a new element is the "scenario of nature", or the incomplete knowledge of future risk, which is quite often the case in insurance. It introduces a new and inevitable randomness in the model and leads to a qualitative difference in its behavior.


Objective To evaluate the effect of treatment to diabetic macular edema by means of retinal laser combined with injecting triamcinolone acetonide into vitreous body. Methods To treat 30 eyes with diabetic macular edema by means of retinal laser combined with injecting triamcinolone acetonide into vitreous body. The best corrected vision and the thickness of macular of respectively one week,one month,three months and six months before and after operation were observed. Results The best corrected vision before and after operation( 1w、1m、3m、6m) were( 0. 18 ± 0. 11) 、( 0. 34 ± 0. 17) 、( 0. 48 ±0. 21) 、( 0. 59 ± 0. 19) 、( 0. 63 ± 0. 25). The difference has statistical meaning compared with those before operation,in which q( 4. 57、8. 57、11. 72、12. 86),P 0. 01. The thickness of macular were( 335.92 ±50.23) μm、( 264.63 ±46.52) μm、( 215.56 ±38.29) μm、( 176.84 ±34.08) μm、( 157.84± 25. 33) μm,The difference has statistical meaning compared with those before operation,in which q( 9.79、16.53、21.84、24.45),P 0.01. Conclusion Retinal laser combined with injecting triamcinolone acetonide into vitreous body could effectively treat diabetic macular edema and increase the vision of patients.


When a grants development office is perceived as an integral component of a community college, it can effectively raise significant amounts of public and private funding to advace the institutional mission, vision, and strategic plan.


The article aims at retracing the main elements of an antitrust proceedings carried on by the Italian Competition Authority against the Roche and Novartis groups for an alleged infringement of article 101 TFEU. In the antitrust authority's view, as expressed in a formal decision adopted on March 2014, the cartel was set up in order to control the sales of two biotech pharmaceutical products, Avastin and Lucentis, within the Italian relevant market of the drugs used for curing vascular ocular diseases. The article details and discusses the decision, also providing further considerations concerning artificial product differentiation, off-label uses and human rights protection.


The Qur'an is not a text of science, although in general scientific facts (phenomena of nature) are mentioned in it. It's just that in the era of the revelation of the Qur'an 17th century, the development of science is not like today. Hence the contemporary Muslim intellectuals to prove over the miracle of the Qur'an that actually contain the philosophy of knowledge that is very influential in the development of modern science. Various approaches have been used in order to give new meaning to the text of the Qur'an is static-limited with scientific approaches that are active-dynamic. One of them with hermeneutics to reread and reinterpret the text of the Qur'an to revive the text of the Qur'an itself.


The purpose of this paper is to verify the effects of extrusion temperature on orthotropic behaviour of the mechanical properties of parts obtained by fused filament fabrication (FFF) under quasi-static tensile loads.,Tensile tests were performed on single layer specimens fabricated in polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) to evaluate the mechanical properties at different extrusion temperatures and raster orientations (0°, 45° and 90°). Furthermore, a detailed study of morphological characteristics of the single layer samples cross-section and of the bonding quality among adjacent deposited filaments was performed by scanning electron microscopy to correlate the morphology of materials with mechanical behaviour.,The results show that the orthotropic behaviour of FFF-printed parts tends to reduce, while the mechanical properties improved with increase in extrusion temperature. Furthermore, the increase in extrusion temperature led to an improvement in inter-raster bonding quality and in the compactness and homogeneity of the parts.,The relation between the extrusion temperature, orthotropic behaviour and morphological surface characteristics of the single layer specimen obtained by FFF has not been previously reported.


A report was published a number of years ago on Investigations on a New Superplasticizer [1]. This report described a product in powder form. The subsequent widespread distribution of this product was prevented by the following reasons: it is more difficult to meter products in powder form that it is for liquids, and an optimum of the effects in the concrete was only attained after longer mixing times. A formulation in liquid form has since been realized on the basis of the knowledge acquired in developing this powder. A description of the properties is given in the following.


On a microscopic length scale dual‐phase steels exhibit a polycrystalline microstructure consisting of ferrite and martensite. In this work a material model for the temperature dependent hardening behaviour of the ferritic phase is presented. As the dislocation structure determines the resistance to dislocation glide, dislocation densities are introduced as state variables to capture the dependence of the material behaviour on the loading history. Motivated by the elementary processes of multiplication by the Frank‐Read‐mechanism and annihilation by cross‐slip, evolution equations for the dislocation densities are introduced. Based on the interaction of dislocations on different slip systems and the Peierls‐stress, the resistance to dislocation motion with its temperature dependence is formulated to describe the hardening behaviour. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC OUTLOOK I. GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND OUTLOOK The global economy has taken off from the worldwide recession and entered a V-shaped economic recovery. It is expected that in the summer of 2010, the worldwide economic expansion will become very slow and fragile. Massive expansionary fiscal policies - mainly spending stimuli, tax cuts, and direct cash payments - combined with low interest rates have succeeded to end a steep slide in demand. However, large deficits and excessive quantitative easing have not yet generated a self-sustaining recovery as consumers around the globe consolidate their balance sheets from falling asset prices as evidenced by slowly improving consumer confidence. Following six consecutive quarters of negative or nil economic growth, preliminary data on the third quarter of 2009 shows that the combined output of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - the 30 richest economies in the world - increased by an annual growth rate of 3.2 percent from the previous quarter. In the third quarter of 2009, real output advanced by 2.8 percent in both the United States and the 27-country European Union. At the country level, however, real output rose in Germany, France, and Italy but declined in the United Kingdom. The Japanese economy expanded by 4.8 percent in the third quarter of 2009, after five consecutive declines when real GDP experienced its largest plunge in more than 50 years. Economic activity indicators from the emerging economies in Asia, an important driver of the global economy, also showed signs of strong recovery, particularly from the fast growing populous countries of China and India. In the third quarter of 2009, real GDP expanded by 7.7 percent in China and 7.9 percent in India, in comparison with the same quarter a year ago. Looking at high-frequency indicators, e-forecasting's global leading economic index suggests that the worldwide recession has ended at the end of 2009. The forward-looking indicator - a composite index of 43 countrywide leading indicators that tracks economic conditions seven to nine months in advance - rose in September for the seventh month in a row, following 10 consecutive monthly declines. More important, the indicator's six-month annual growth rate - designed to provide early signals of changing directions in global economic activity between expansions and contractions - posted four positive and accelerating growth rates, following a string of 15 consecutive monthly declines. Our central forecast projects global output to decline by 1 . 1 percent in 2009, led by contractions in the industrial countries of North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific regions. Strong growth in emerging Asia - which includes China and India - will mitigate the worldwide recession with the positive contribution of the region to global output. On the inflation front, both cost-push and demand-pull factors will generate an inflationary environment over the forecast horizon. On the cost side, we expect a slowdown in productivity growth because of the following factors: * An end in cost savings from employment cuts; * Higher growth in overall labor costs from higher salaries in the government sector and additional taxes on all wages; * Steadily growing energy costs from higher oil prices and expensive transitions to alternative energy sources; * Higher non-oil commodity prices; and * Structural inflation from uniform wage increases among sectors despite productivity differentials. On the demand side, we expect the excessive printing of money of the last two years to begin chasing the nonexcessive number of goods produced. We see an acceleration in inflation due to this excess supply of money in addition to strengthening of global demand from the ongoing economic recovery. Global inflation is forecast to average 3.7 percent in 2010 from 2. …


Fast and efficient strategies for modulation of attention have been extensively studied recently. The present study has attempted to observe the effect of brief meditation practices on executive control of the attention system. The study recruits cognitive control by introducing conflict using Stroop task in twenty-six novice participants. Behavioral responses indicate a positive effect on response time and accuracy at Stroop task after ten minutes of meditation intervention. Neurophysiological findings suggest more efficient allocation of attentional resources. An increase in positive ERP components (P200, P300) and expected decrease in the inhibitory or negative component (N200) after intervention shows positive results. The findings suggest a positive impact of meditation intervention on attention even for brief periods in non-meditating population.


Organic indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are attractive energy harvesting devices for low-power consumption electronic devices and the Internet of Things (IoTs) owing to their properties such as lightweight, semi-transparency, multi-coloring capability, and flexibility. It is important to match the absorption range of photoactive materials with the emission spectra of indoor light sources that have a visible range of 400-700 nm for IPVs to provide sustainable, high-power density. To this end, we synthesize benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based homopolymer (PBDTT) as a polymer donor, which is a classical material that has a wide bandgap with a deep highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) level, and a series of random copolymers by incorporating thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6,-dione (TPD) as a weak electron acceptor unit in PBDTT. We vary the composition of the TPD unit to fine tune the absorption range of the polymers; the polymer containing 70% TPD (B30T70) perfectly covers the entire range of indoor lamps such as LED and FL. Consequently, B30T70 shows a dramatic enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 1-sun (PCE: 6.0%) to the indoor environment (PCE: 18.3%) when fabricating organic IPVs by blending with PC71 BM. We suggest simple, easy molecular design guidelines to develop photoactive materials for efficient organic IPVs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Flashlamp pumped lasers use pulsed power switches to commute energy stored in capacitor banks to the flashlamps. To lower the total cost of these switches, Sandia National Laboratories has a research program to evaluate large closing switches. The particular application in which we are interested is the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The target value of the energy switched by a single device is 1.6 MJ, from a 6 mF, 24 kV capacitor bank. The peak current is 500 kA. The lifetime of the NIF facility is 24 thousand shots. There is no switch today proven at these parameters. The goal of the experiments at Sandia is to test switches with the full NIF wave shape, and at the correct voltage. The Sandia facility can provide over 500 kA at 24 kV charge voltage. The facility has 6.4 mF total capacitance, arranged in 25 sub-modules. The modular design makes the facility more flexible (for possible testing at lower current) and safer. For pulse shaping (the NIF wave shape is critically damped) there is an inductor and resistor for each of the 25 modules. Rather than one large inductor and resistor, this lowers the current in the pulse shaping components, and raises their value to those more easily attained with lumped inductors and resistors. We show the design of the facility, and show results from testing conducted thus far. We also show details of the testing plan for high current switches.


Effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are a global health priority. Appropriately powered clinical trials are critical to showing evidence of efficacy ‐ these are expensive and take years to complete. Depending on the study aims, imaging biomarkers can provide high precision measurements that reflect underlying pathology or downstream effects and may help in reducing the number of participants and/or duration of the trial. Identifying how to design trials that make the most efficient use of imaging endpoints, while maintaining sufficient statistical power to detect the desired therapeutic effect, will be critical to reduce approval time for effective therapies.


Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is nowadays used in a wide range of applications, both for sport (e.g. muscle relaxation) and for medical use (e.g. iontophorese or to restore functional use of paralysed muscles). Various stimulator systems are commercially available for those applications where a fixed chronological course of the programmed stimulation pattern can be used, as for example the relaxation of muscles or iontophorese. These devices generate a stimulation pattern, which can be adjusted in amplitude, frequency, etc. using some buttons or menus or can be selected by a fixed program stored in a non-volatile RAM as well as a program, which can be downloaded from a PC.


This article identifies that in social and religious discourse in Malaysia the use of Hadith texts (tradition meaning a report of the teachings, deeds and sayings of Mohamad p.b.u.h) serves social and political as well as religious practical teaching. It also identifies that the development of the Hadith in Malaysia and its significance for Malay Muslims was signified by several issues raised by Malay religious scholars. This includes the consciousness and critique of Malay Muslims on the misconduct in their lives, as well as the national awakening particularly since the introduction into Malaysia of the twentieth century 'reformist' movement, serious polemics have arisen among Malay scholars between Youth Group (Kaum Muda) and Old Group (Kaum Tua).


The structure of the imine reductase from A. dermatitidis is presented in three crystal forms, each of which provides information on conformational dynamics and cofactor and substrate binding within the enzyme.


"Judge not according to appearance, but judge righteous judgment." (Jno.? :24.) Popular judgment is often at fault because it is made "according to appearance, " from the surface, by current and accepted standards. Jesus invites men to a deeper consideration. Actions are not right or wrong because men, even good men, nave judged and acted thus or thus. Moral order is simply the nature of things, and to live a moral life is to live according to the natural laws, tbat is according to the laws which God has fixed in and on this universe of things. Judged by accepted Jewish opinion, Jesus had undoubtedly broken the Sabbath. But the Jews judged wrongly because they put ceremonial above life, the keeping of a day above the welfare of a man. Nothing can be right that hinders or hampers the service we owe to men.


Behaviour Family Therapy (BFT) is widely advocated as a standard model for the management of schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of the Culturally Modified Family Therapy (CMFT) against Behavioural Family Therapy (BFT) in the management of schizophrenia in a developing country. The CMFT consisted of a socio-cultural approach to family education, a drug intervention programme and problem solving skills. The selected patients were randomly assigned to the study (CMFT) or control (BFT) group. Seventy-four patients from the CMFT group and 69 from the BFT group completed one year of study. Compliance with medication, family burden, clinical and social outcomes were measured at 6 months and 1 year after initiation of the intervention. Although non-significant, patients in the BFT group at 6 months assessment had better outcome in all variables except drug compliance. At the end of the study period, patients in the CMFT group had significant improvement in drug compliance, family burden and reduction in the number of exacerbated cases (scored at least moderately severe in one or more of the BPRS psychotic items). Although both treatments are effective, the culturally modified technique is superior in the long run.


An efficient and simple algorithm for comprehensive ripple analysis of switching power converter circuits is presented. Ripple analysis includes investigation of rms and peak-to-peak ripples as well as analysis of the ripple harmonic spectra of voltage and current waveforms. Knowledge of voltage and current ripples either inside the power train circuit or those present in the power converter input and output filter circuits has crucial practical implications. Ignoring the harmonic contents can lead to inaccurate results in determining the power conversion efficiency. A shortcoming of currently used methods for power conversion efficiency calculation is demonstrated. Computation results for hard and soft switching closed-loop power converter circuits are included.


Australian banking and finance law, banks, financial institutions, consumer credit, personal property securities. Legislation - Regulatory Bodies - Law Reform/Inquiries


According to the block bidding theory,a mathematical model is established to realize the minimum of the total power purchase cost and optimize the operation mode of wind,hydropower,pumped storage plant and thermal units.Meanwhile,the coordinated operation mode of wind,hydropower and thermal power is adopted at valley load and peak load period,in order to make various units work harmoniously.Then,the equivalent daily load curve is horizontally divided into three blocks,including basic load block,intermediate load block and peak load block.In view of the forecasting error of wind power,an improved clearing algorithm based on block bidding model is applied to determine the output power of the thermal unit.In this paper,the block bidding theory is combined with the wind power uncertainty.It is meaningful to reduce the power purchase cost and enable the operation mode of thermal units adapting to the fluctuations of wind power.Finally,the example is given to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.


The paper analyses the problems of protection of intellectual property, the issue of the effective protection of objects of copyright and related rights


A solenoid operated (10) pump, comprising: a housing (12); a cover containment (26) fixed to the housing (12); a shaft (18) fixed to the containment cover (26); an impeller (14) rotatable around the shaft (18) within the housing (12); further bearing located between the impeller (14) and the shaft (18) and being rotatable about shaft; characterized by comprising: a magnetic coupling coupled removably to the impeller (14) and rotatable about the shaft (18); a control valve push pin includes an annular rear thrust placed between the restraining sheath (26) and the rear bearing, defining an opening of the control valve drive for variable spacing between the thrust ring and the rear bearing .


The rapid development of technology, developed also involved the development of youth in Indonesia, with the rapid growth of internet technologies that easily access the latest information. There are things that lead to positive and also to the negative, the negative impact can be free sex. This study aimed to the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of adolescents with sexual behavior bebasdi Private Vocational School Field 1 Field Area The designused inthis studyisthe correlation. Totalpopulationnumber of214studentswith a sample of68people. The instrument usedin this studyis to testthe validityandreliability test. Methods ofdata analysisusingthe chi-square test with95% degree ofconfidence.
The results showed that the majority of adolescent knowledge about sex quite as many as 25 people (36.8%), the majority positive in 39 (57.4%), and the good behavior of free sex as many as 42 people (61.8%). There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of adolescents with sex behavior in vocational Private Medan Medan Area. For students expect students to seek understanding religious level, by finding good information is accurate and can pick a good friend. For Institutional Schools are expected to optimize the role of teachers and teacher BK as a place for religious counseling and consideration
 Keyword :Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour, Free sex


With the increasingly complex environment of optical backbone network, the threat it faces also increases. Network survivability optimization is one of the most important research fields of communication networks. For a given optical network, it is of great practical significance to build or backup links to reduce the influence caused by external disturbances. In this paper, combined with the resources of limited equipment, the appropriate network survivability evaluation system was selected, and the determined network attack mode was used to finally establish the survivability optimization model of optical backbone network. At the same time, combined with the specific case, the genetic algorithm was used to solve the established damage resistance optimization model, and the verification and analysis were carried out. Through the case simulation, when 10% link resources are invested, the network survivability increases by about 10%, and the cost of unit survivability is 2558.4. When 15% of the link resources are invested, the network survivability increases by about 25%, and the cost per unit survivability is about 3733.3. When 25% of the link resources are invested, the network survivability increases by about 30%, and the cost per unit survivability is about 5521.3. When 35% of the link resources are invested, the network survivability increases by about 60%, and the cost per unit survivability is about 3909.0. Therefore, according to the existing resources and the expected optimization degree, this paper can effectively provide a specific optimization scheme, which provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the destruction resistance optimization of optical networks.


We describe the critical-digital approach and co-design of a bespoke unconference on inclusion, diversity, and equity for staff and students. We offer a critical digital pedagogy framework that engages and promotes student-led equity, diversity, and inclusion in what we refer to as the fourth wave of students as partners (SaP) conferences. The SaP unconference was unique in several ways. The unconference was aimed at both staff and students and was designed and delivered in a cross-disciplinary students-as-partners project. This forum was transformative as it was supported by a critical digital partnership and pedagogical framework. Further, the unconference positioned the audience as participants on equal footing with panellists in critical dialogue and conversation. As such, the unconference offered a counter-narrative to traditional conference culture. Reinventing the academic conference space for SaP is critical to ensure conferences are authentic, contextualised instantiations of partnership.


The perioperative surgical home is a promising model for delivering high-quality, cost-effective care for patients undergoing inpatient urologic procedures, according to the experience of urologists from Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA.


Industrial robots are traditionally programmed by hard-coding the desired motion into them. That approach, however, costs significant time and effort and shows little to no promise in transferring human skills to robots. Programming by demonstration (PbD) is an alternative approach that allows robots to learn tasks from demonstrations. Because of its several advantages over the traditional method, PbD is particularly suited for tasks encountered in assembly operations, the most typical of which is the peg-in-hole task. A successful PbD implementation for a peg-in-hole task requires that the peg should still be inserted into the hole even under situations that are not encountered during the demonstrations. Previous research in the field shows that the success rate of a peg-in-hole task under such cases varies greatly. In this study, we use a UR5 manipulator to experimentally investigate how the success rate of a peg-in-hole task changes with respect to the novelty of the task, quantified in terms of the distance of the hole to its original position. It is found that the success ratio decreases as the novelty of the task increases. To increase the performance, the use of strategies that alter the robot's motion dynamically in the run time is suggested for future work.


From the dawn of civilization, the extension of humanity into its manifold parts has been a story of diversity, dispute, and advancement. Bounded only by the laws of nature, the continuing struggle of the human race has been defined above all by profound rational insight. Alongside an unending zeal for progress, the language, culture, and crafts that have come to define the logic and physicality of embodiment are the result of thought and action, culminating in the will to survive and the will to flourish. Knowledge, then, is a naturalistic outcome proceeding from the production of often miscellaneous faculties of labor. It becomes an inscrutable fact of nature that the object of human inquiry, then, is to arrive at a general sensibility for what could become, as well as what is and what should become. The manifestation of intimacy into its diversely led components is the natural task of the social pragmatists. These are the inventors, the thinkers, and the idealists, and they possess an undeniable form of endowment.


The factors of ranking status in Hubei rice industry were analyzed from the aspects of developing trend of rice industry and the status of Hubei province in the whole country.The countermeasures and recommendations of relying on science and technology,insisting on extending the planting-areas and attacking single production for further improving Hubei rice production capacity were pointed out.


Substrate and inhibitor specificities, and transglucosylation action of crystalline α-glucosidase from the mycelia of Mucor javanicus have been investigated. The enzyme hydrolyzed maltose, methyl-α-maltoside, and soluble starch liberating glucose, but little or not phenyl-α-glucoside, methyl-α-glucoside, sucrose, isomaltose, panose and dextran. The enzyme hydrolyzed phenyl-α-maltoside to glucose and phenyl-α-glucoside. The enzyme acted also as a glucosyltransferase when it was incubated with glucosyl donor such as maltose. Maltotriose was the principal transglucosylation product formed from maltose. The enzyme also catalyzed transglucosylation from maltose to riboflavin, pyridoxine, esculin and rutin. Tris and turanose inhibited the enzyme activity, but PCMB and EDTA did not. It is suggested that the enzyme activity is closely related to the histidine residue in the active center, from the inhibition experiments using diazonium-1-H-tetrazole and rose bengal.


The Talco oil field in northwest Titus and northeast Franklin counties, Texas, is located in the north-central part of the East Texas basin on a fault structure which comprises a part of the Mexia-Powell-Talco fault zone. Most of the oil produced from earlier discoveries along this fault zone, such as Mexia, Powell, and Wortham, came from the Woodbine sand. Although the Talco fault was mapped by surface geology as early as 1924, the W. B. Hinton et al. C. M. Carr No. 1, field discovery well, was not completed until March 13, 1936. This well established the first Paluxy production along this fault zone and proved the Paluxy formation to be a major oil-producing section in northeast Texas. A detailed description of the stratigraphy of the area is presented, which includes beds from upper Jurassic to lower Eocene in age. Data concerning the formations below the Paluxy were derived from several deep tests which were abandoned as dry holes. The structure at Talco is a crescent-shaped graben, approximately 35 miles in length, bounded by two nearly parallel faults. The faults have a maximum surface displacement of about 360 feet which increases with depth to more than 1,400 feet on the base of the upper Glen Rose. Early and long continued movement is indicated by a thickening of the late Comanche and early Gulf formations in the graben. The oil accumulation, which is trapped in upthrown Paluxy against the south or basinward side of the graben, underlies about 9,000 surface acres. It is 13 1/4 miles long and averages one mile in width. Closure on the base of the Goodland limestone, which occurs at the top of the oil column, is approximately 450 feet. The reservoir sands are generally variable in their development throughout most of the field. About one-fourth of the Paluxy section in the oil column is considered effective oil sand with an average thickness of 44 feet and an average porosity of 25 per cent. The average permeability is 2,460 millidarcys, ranging from a minimum of 100 to a maximum of about 10,550 millidarcys. Talco crude is brownish black to black in color, and the gravity varies from about 16° in the basal part of the oil column to slightly more than 25° at higher levels. An imperfect water drive and the greatly undersaturated condition of the crude oil resulted in a rapid decline of bottom-hole pressures, and it became necessary during the early life of the field to pump all wells. On June 1, 1947, there were 728 producing wells in the field with a total allowable of 24,579 barrels per day. Cumulative oil production to July 1, 1947, was 97,369,193 barrels.


The article explores the biography and research activities of philologist, paleographer and specialist in folklore Pavel Konstantinovich Simoni. In 1888, being a graduate of the Historical and Philological Faculty of St. Petersburg University and a disciple of I. V. Yagich, he was involved in the work on the publication of the dictionary of the modern Russian language, which was being prepared by the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Having proved himself in the course of this work in the best possible way, in January 1892 P. K. Simoni received an invitation to join the Department of Russian Language and Literature and take up a new position of clerk, established shortly before. Since then, the whole life of the scholar has been inseparably linked with the Academy of Sciences and the Department of Russian Language and Literature, where he worked for almost 35 years. P. K. Simoni had a wide range of research interests and often worked simultaneously in several different areas: he conducted studies in the field of Russian paremiology, studied and published old recordings of Russian songs and epics, prepared several works on the history of bookmaking in Russia, etc. After the revolution of 1917 P. K. Simoni turned to a new for him kind of activity — teaching. He began to give lectures and hold seminars on Slavic-Russian paleography, the history of printing houses, the history of books and book distribution in various educational institutions of Petrograd. Recognizing P. K. Simoni's scholarly merits, in December 1921 the Russian Academy of Sciences elected him as its corresponding member to the Department of Russian Language and Literature and by the specialty "Russian literature". After the retirement in 1926, the scholar continued his active research and teaching activities, not giving it up until the last days of his life.


on the possibility of emulating the proton therapy work carried out by Dr R N Kjellberg of the Massachusetts General Hospital using the Harvard University synchrocyclotron. Our immediate reaction was that, this should be possible technically as the Harvard and Harwell synchrocyclotrons are almost identical in characteristics and capabilities. Visits to Boston have been made in this intervening period and we are particularly grateful to both Dr Kjellberg and MrA B Koehler of Harvard University for their generous help and advice. This paper describes some of the characteristics of proton beams and the instrumentation and organization which is being proposed for proton therapy.


Under the immediate appearance of a simple prose, Orwell's masterpiece Nineteen Eighty–Four is a philosophical understanding of dictatorship, which is still relevant nowadays as a source of reflections about power. Indeed, the book was regarded by the dissident intellectuals of the East as a "realistic and detailed analysis of the mechanisms of power"1, rather than as just a novel. The device that makes totalitarian domination possible is clearly shown in the novel as a scheme that operates in order not only to manipulate, but mainly to define the domain of truth: the Newspeak. It is in relation to it that the language fully acquires its importance in the novel. Undeniably, by controlling language and information through a complex coercive apparatus, the Party realizes a mind control of its subjects that is "total" in both extension and intensity. In extension, because the totality of the subjects is dominated; in intensity, because any individual thought is totally dominated. To understand how Orwell can conceive of such a tragic result in relation to the language, the ontological foundation of this linguistic device has to be investigated. This is well shown in the novel, particularly by some O'Brien's statements:


The present invention discloses a method comprising: (a) a combination of (1) at least one metal cation source, (2) at least one phosphate anion source, (3) at least one organic base, at least one organic moiety, the organic moiety comprising at least about 5 carbon atoms, and (4) at least one comprising at least one organic moiety of the organic silane, the organic moiety comprises at least about 6 carbon atoms; and (b) an organic base in the and under the organosilane is present, the metal cation source and the phosphate anion source reactions (e.g. metal phosphate nanoparticles form a surface modified).


Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua satellites provides global fire observations of unprecedented quality. This paper presents spatial and temporal distributions of active fires from 2001 and 2002, the first 2 years of the MODIS active fire data record. Monthly fire counts were analysed globally and within several regions of major fire activity and vegetation type. The global maximum of the annual cycle of fire activity for both years occurred in August; a combined result of burning during the dry season in the Southern Hemisphere tropics and the warm season over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. The minimum of global fire activity occurred in March in both years. Burning in the tropics occurred mostly in savanna and shrubland areas with a high percentage of herbaceous vegetation. In the extratropics, fires were detected over croplands, grasslands and forests. The global total numbers of fire counts observed in 2001 and 2002 differed by less than 3%, but regionally significant differences were found between the two years in total and relative fire counts and in the timing of burning. Fire counts from daytime MODIS observations from Terra and Aqua also provided evidence of the diurnal cycle of fire activity. This analysis of 'fire/no fire' binary indicators is a first-order approximation of global spatio-temporal fire dynamics. For several applications, such as the estimation of pyrogenic emissions, further studies of burned area and fire characteristics are needed.


The invention discloses an indoor unit of an air conditioner and a control method of the indoor unit of the air conditioner. The indoor unit of the air conditioner comprises a hosing, a first air deflector, a second air deflector and a third air deflector, wherein the housing is provided with a wind outlet; the first air deflector is rotatably arranged on the housing for opening or closing the wind outlet; the second air deflector is rotatably arranged on the housing and is located inside the first air deflector; a plurality of first wind dispersing holes penetrating through the second air deflector in the thickness direction are formed in the second air deflector; the third air deflector is rotatably arranged on the housing and is located inside the first air deflector; the third air deflector is located below the second air deflector; the upper end of the third air deflector is suitable for being matched with the lower end of the air deflector to close the wind outlet; a plurality of second wind dispersing holes penetrating through the third air deflector in the thickness direction are formed in the third air deflector. According to the indoor unit of the air conditioner provided by the invention, the wind speed at the wind outlet of the indoor unit of the air conditioner can be quickly reduced, so that no wind feel wind supply is realized.


The extended BLT equation was used to calculate the coupling effects of eletromagnetic(EM) field on the load of transmission line and it was considered to be the foundation of electromagnetic topology(EMT).This article analysed a simple model which described how EM field coupled to a parallel transmission line.Transmission line theory was used to deduce the BTL equation for this model according to the method of deducing the original BLT equation.Then the author used software to simulate and validate it.In rolling stock EM coupling area,this method was applicable for calculating and predicting interference on signal line or power line which was caused by transient EM field.


The crystal structure of paliperidone palmitate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. Paliperidone palmitate crystallizes in space group P21/c (#14) with a = 34.415 40(35), b = 10.093 49(7), c = 10.904 92(9) Å, β = 94.3917(9)°, V = 3776.94(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The conformation of the paliperidone fragment differs from that of the parent compound. The palmitate chain exhibits a slight twist close to the ester group. Several C–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystal packing, which is dominated by van der Waals interactions. The powder pattern is included in the Powder Diffraction File™ as entry 00-066-1614.


ined groups in order to determine general patterns of response. For research as well as for teaching, there is also a need to effect a more minute analysis of one or two individuals. Such has been the technique of some of the psychoanalytic researchers, especially Norman Holland. In this study, the technique of minute analysis is employed to examine the ways in which the perception of reality and fantasy in an individual affects that individual's response to fiction and, poetry. Reviewed by A.C.P. and N.O.


Objective To know the status of Clonorchis sinensis disease in the western of Jilin province,and make the reference for the program of prevention and treatment.Methods Cluster random sampling was carried out based on the two characteristics of popular degree and topography.The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis were examined by Kato-Katz.Results 491 people from 3 towns were investigated.The positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis of people was 48.27%.Conclusion The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in western regions of Jilin province shows more higher than that of 10 years ago.


By vibrational spectroscopy of the new Hofmann-propanethiol-type clathrate Co(1-propanethiol) 2Ni(CN)4·Benzene it is shown that its structure is similar structure to those of other Hofmanntype clathrates.


The invention discloses a third-level ball screw electric cylinder. A servo motor drives a first-level screw to rotate through a bidirectional overrunning clutch; a first-level nut is connected with a first-level internal cylinder through a self-locking mechanism with a one-way overrunning clutch; meanwhile, a second-level hollow screw is fixedly connected with a first-level nut. A second-level nut is connected with a second-level internal cylinder through the self-locking mechanism with the one-way overrunning clutch; meanwhile, a third-level hollow screw is fixedly connected with the second-level nut. A third-level nut is fixedly connected with a push rod; the other end of the push rod is connected with an earring. The three-level screws are capable of rotating by extending outwards one by one to push their own nuts to move in parallel. The three-level screws are sleeved together in overlapping, thus saving the axis direction room and capable of being applied in the working occasion with limited installation room. The ball screw is able to reduce the friction, and decrease calorific value, thus greatly improving the working efficiency. Meanwhile, the ball screw adopts the self-locking mechanism to prevent the backspace from being pressed.


In multiple myeloma (MM), bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to tumor neoangiogenesis and their levels covary with tumor mass and prognosis. Recent X-chromosome inactivation studies in female patients showed that, similar to tumor cells, EPCs are clonally restricted in MM. Genomic profiling of MM using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has been previously utilized to mine the genome and find clinical correlates in MM patients. In this study, clonotypic aspects of bone marrow-derived EPCs and MM cells were investigated using aCGH and expression profiling analysis. Confluent EPCs were outgrown from bone marrow aspirates by adherence to laminin. EPCs were >98% vWF/CD133/KDR+ and 50% CD38+. For aCGH and for gene expression profiling, genomic DNA and total RNA from EPCs and MM cells were hybridized to human oligonucleotide arrays (Agilent Technologies) and human cDNA microarrays (Affymetrix), respectively. High resolution aCGH with segmentation analysis showed that EPCs and MM cells in one of ten cases share identical patterns of chromosomal gains and losses, while another 5 cases shared multiple focal copy number alterations (CNAs) including gains and losses. The genomes of EPCs and MM cells additionally displayed exclusive CNAs, but these were far fewer in EPCs than in MM cells. In 3 patients, EPCs harbored a common 0.6Mb deletion at 1q21 not shared by MM cells. Pertinent genes in this region that could affect proliferation and tumor suppression include N2N, NBPF10, and TXNIP. Validation studies of aCGH findings by other methods are ongoing. Gene expression profiling showed decreased expression of 1q21 region genes (e.g., calgranulin C and lamin A/C). A genome-wide comparison of patients' MM cells and EPCs, which is focused on their shared genetic characteristics, will be presented.


Monte Carlo simulations provide accurate results for the neutronic response of the system under consideration if modeling is performed appropriately since it has great influence on the results. Sensitivity analysis of modeling approaches for geometry and fissile material composition distributions in the reactor core was performed by taking ITU TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor into consideration. The method of defining fuel element positions in the core by using circular or hexagonal lattice was considered as one case and three different methods of lumping material compositions in the fuel elements was considered as another case since these approaches are used by deterministic codes hence the accuracy of deterministic codes were also investigated. The validation study showed that both MCNP and Serpent Monte Carlo codes resulted in good agreement with the experimental data. It was observed that the handling of fuel composition in different ways did not influence the results significantly (up to 11.1 cents in reactivity). However, the influence of fuel arrangement is more pronounced (deviation in reactivity calculations is around 1$). These deviations at the results may affect the nuclear safety conclusion of reactors having small shutdown margins. It was also concluded that users of the deterministic codes should be aware of the fact that the simplifications in geometry and fuel composition in the core will result in significant deviation from the reality.


Summary

Restriction analysis and sequencing of the ITS regions and 5.8S gene of rDNA were conducted on 53 Ganoderma isolates from infected oil palm and 15 isolates from coconut stumps to determine their relatedness. Restriction patterns of the ITS regions and 5.8S gene using seven restriction enzymes, namely, Hindlll, EcoRI, BamHI, HaeIII, MspI, Taql and Alul did not produce any patterns that could distinguish between Ganoderma isolates from infected oil palm and coconut stumps. Variations of restriction patterns were observed within and between the two groups of Ganoderma which showed that the isolates were genetically heterogeneous. Based on the dendrogram from cluster analysis of the restriction patterns, the Ganoderma isolates from infected oil palm and coconut stumps were clustered together, indicating a close relationship. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the ITS regions and 5.8S gene of 12 Ganoderma isolates using parsimony and distance methods also showed that the two groups of Ganoderma did not cluster separately. Based on the present study, the Ganoderma isolates from infected oil palm and coconut stumps were indistinguishable and closely related which suggests that the coconut stumps in oil palm plantings may have an important role in disease development.


In this thesis we constrain the designer f(R) models by the observations in both cosmological and local scales. For the cosmological observation constraints, we find that although the designer f(R) can generate any desired cosmic expansion his-tory, it suffers from the fine-tuning problem in order to fit the large scale structure constraints well. For local gravity constraints, so far we do search out the viable designer f(R) models that can satisfy the local gravity constraints but would be indistinguishable from the ΛCDM model even considering the observations in both cosmological and local scales and for other effective equation of states we consider in this thesis, we do not find out any viable designer f(R) model.


Aiming at the implementation of the power supply noise suppression method, a power supply noise suppression method based on energy domain control is proposed in this paper. The power supply noise model based on energy domain control was established on the basis of the electromagnetic field energy model, the differential- mode power supply noise energy model, the common-mode power supply noise energy model, and the total power supply noise energy model. The coupling path of noise was analyzed, and the specific methods of differential-mode noise electromagnetic field intensity control based on resistive coupling path, common-mode noise electromagnetic field intensity control based on capacitive coupling path, and common-mode noise electromagnetic field intensity control based on inductive coupling path are proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed power supply noise suppression method based on energy domain control can effectively suppress the differential-mode noise and common-mode noise of the power supply, and reduce the power supply noise interference.


One of the conditions of high plant productivity is to optimize their nutrition in terms of balanced trace element content in the soil. Provided balanced trace element content in soil, the plants uptake their required amounts in good balance. That ensures the interaction of metabolic reactions. The formation of rational ratios of trace elements in plant tissues is controlled by the genotype, the barrier mechanisms and the mechanisms of trace element uptake depending on their content and ratio in the soil parent rocks. This work deals with the study of the content ratio of trace elements in plants of different zones of the Altai Krai depending on their content in soils and parent rocks. The ratios of Zn/Cu; Mn/Zn; Mn/Cu in plants were determined from data obtained in each of the zones over the period of 1970-2000. The ratios of element content in plants according to G.Ya. Rinkis and V.F. Nollendorf were used as comparison standards. According to our studies, in the soils of the forest-outlier steppe and forest-steppe of the Altai Krai under natural vegetation there is relative predominance of manganese over zinc and copper and a balanced ratio of Zn/Cu. In the natural vegetation of the forest-outlier steppe and forest-steppe of the Region the ratio Zn/Cu is close to the standard ratio by Rinkis and Nollendorf. The ratios Mn/Cu and Mn/Zn in the plants of both zones are significantly above the standard. The predominance of manganese over zinc and copper in plants is related to its prevalence in the parent rocks and soils. In plants, this predominance is revealed less significantly than in the soils due to the selectivity of plants.