This study aims to analyze the achievement of service standard at the Center for Community Learning Activities (PKBM). The focus of this research is: (1) What is the Community Learning Center formulation strategy in improving service quality? (2) What is the Community Learning Center implementation strategy in improving service quality? (3) What is the Community Learning Center strategy in improving service quality? In this study, the researcher used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, followed by data presentation, and concluding. The results of research at Community Learning Center MitraBuruh Nusantara are through strategic management, Community Learning Center can improve the quality of learning services by expanding outreach not only with workers or factory employees but also with students at school age. The results of research in Community Learning Center Negeri 35 are through strategic management Community Learning Center Negeri 35 can improve the service quality through developing supporting facilities that continue to develop, develop learning plus life skills and skills so that it directly reaches two Community Learning Center service functions namely the learning function and the community empowerment function. The results of research at Faradika?s Community Learning Center are through Faradika?s Community Learning Center strategic management that can improve service quality by developing other programs besides Package A, B, C programs such as reading parks, homeschooling, and unstructured skills courses.


ST-TCP (server fault-tolerant TCP) is an extension of TCP to tolerate TCP server failures. Server fault tolerance is provided by using an active-backup server that keeps track of the state of a TCP connection. The backup server takes over the TCP connection if the primary server fails. This take-over is fast, seamless, and completely transparent to the client. This paper provides a system demonstration of a new ST-TCP prototype. The new prototype incorporates a performance-enhanced architecture and addresses application failure scenarios. Five experiments using this prototype are proposed to demonstrate the following useful features: (1) client-transparent, seamless failover; (2) insignificant performance overhead of ST-TCP during failure-free periods; and (3) an ability to tolerate all single crash failures at the hardware and operating system levels, and, most crash failures at the application level.


With the aid of the maximum principle (Butkovosky 1969) and using the finite difference method, a theoretical investigation on the strategy for achieving a beneficial rise in temperature of a tumour due to induced microwaves is considered by controlling the surface temperature of the tissue consisting of skin, fat, muscle and tumour layers. A numerical calculation is evaluated for typical tissue.


In times of a constantly growing world population and increasing demand for food, sustainable agriculture is crucial. To reduce the amount of applied nutrients, herbicides, and fungicides, the rainfastness of plant protection agents is of pivotal importance. As a result of protective agent wash-off, plant protection is lost, and soils and groundwater are severely polluted. To date, rainfastness of plant protection products is achieved by adding polymeric adjuvants to the agrochemicals. However, polymeric adjuvants will be regarded as microplastics in the future, and environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. Anchor peptides (APs) are promising biobased and biodegradable adhesion promoters. While the adhesion of anchor peptides to artificial surfaces, such as polymers, has already been investigated in theory and experimentally, exploiting the adhesion to biological surfaces remains challenging. The complex nature and composition of biological surfaces such as plant leaf and fruit surfaces complicate the generation of accurate models. Here, we present the first detailed three-layered atomistic model of the surface of apple leaves and use it to compute free energy profiles of the adhesion and desorption of APs to and from that surface. Our model is validated by a novel fluorescence-based MTP assay that mimicks these complex processes and allows quantifying them. For the AP Macaque Histatin, we demonstrate that aromatic and positively charged amino acids are essential for binding to the waxy apple leaf surface. The established protocols should generally be applicable for tailoring the binding properties of APs to biological interfaces.


In a long‐term retrospective immunohistochemical study of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary gland, we investigated the relation of p63 immunodetection to prognosis. Although it is generally agreed that the solid pattern is the most aggressive pattern of growth, ACCs with predominantly cribriform or tubular patterns have an unpredictable clinical course, with a relatively favorable 5‐year survival but a low 20‐year survival.


The author provides some relevant statistics on young people in Australia and outlines the problems young people have with medicines. A policy to develop an integrated, evidence based, multistrategic approach to deliver messages about the wise use of medicines to young people is outlined. (non-author abstract)


The nonlinear transmission properties of commercially available fused silica fibers have been determined as a function of excimer laser wavelength. Accurate two‐photon absorption coefficients have been measured and the influence of color center formation is discussed. Two‐photon absorption and color center formation dominate the ArF and KrF transmission at high intensities while both of these effects are negligible at the XeCl and XeF laser wavelengths.


Purpose – Total quality management (TQM) at the industry end along with quality function deployment (QFD) molds product quality. It flows to the customer at the market end with a value called quality perception, embedding the concept of probability of acceptance and quality uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and validate the existence of upcoming term "quality uncertainty" in the backdrop of information asymmetry.Design/methodology/approach – Theories of probability and reliability engineering are used for mathematical modeling and analysis. Fault tree and success tree method is specifically applied to analyze quality uncertainty and quality perception at the market end.Findings – Quality perception is an outcome of combined probability of information symmetry and TQM or product quality, whereas its inverse is quality uncertainty. Determining quality perception or uncertainty of any product type is possible in a market scenario, and its impact on product life cycle and company revenue ca...


The present invention relates to a diversity transmission method and a base station transmitter in a mobile communication system. According to the present invention, a 1 to the code and the first code generates a second code diversity encoding, spreading, and the soup in the first code spreading a target symbol in the first code and the second code the first transmission symbol and maps the second spreading a transmission symbol to the second code by a symbol in the frame of the frequency and time domain may be transmitted via an antenna. Therefore, it is possible to provide a variety of diversity techniques in the mobile communication system, and not limited to symbols transmitted on the same mobile station, it is possible to apply the diversity technique even for one-bit channel.


Hawke, G. J. Taylor, J. J. Hagerty, and B. W. Denevi School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. Astrogeology Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA


Studies have shown that the actual energy consumption of buildings once built and in operation is often far greater than the energy consumption predictions made during design—leading to the term "performance gap." An alternative to traditional, building physics based, prediction methods is an approach based on real-world data, where behavior is learned through observations. Display energy certificates are a source of observed building "behavior" in the United Kingdom, and machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, can predict global behavior in complex systems, such as buildings. In view of this, artificial neural networks, a machine learning technique, were trained to predict annual thermal (gas) and electrical energy use of building designs, based on a range of collected design and briefing parameters. As a demonstrative case, the research focused on school design in England. Mean absolute percentage errors of 22.9% and 22.5% for annual thermal and electrical energy use predictions, respectively, were achieved. This is an improvement of 9.1% for the prediction of annual thermal energy use and 24.5% for the prediction of annual electrical energy use when compared to sources evidencing the current performance gap.


Studies into paranormal belief and the effects thereof have been gaining more attention. This study looked at the Big Five Personality Traits and how they could relate to belief in the paranormal, specifically which personality traits, if any, lended themselves to paranormal belief more than others. Four hundred forty-six college-age participants completed a Big Five survey as well as the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale. Results from a multiple regression showed a significant relationship between gender, religion, level of education achieved by the participant's mother, extraversion, and neuroticism (emotional stability) in relation to paranormal belief. Implications and elaboration of findings are discussed.


The High Data Rate Instrument Study was a joint effort between the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The objectives were to assess the characteristics of future high data rate Earth observing science instruments and then to assess the feasibility of developing data processing systems and communications systems required to meet those data rates. Instruments and technology were assessed for technology readiness dates of 2000, 2003, and 2006. The highest data rate instruments are hyperspectral and synthetic aperture radar instruments which are capable of generating 3.2 Gigabits per second (Gbps) and 1.3 Gbps, respectively, with a technology readiness date of 2003. These instruments would require storage of 16.2 Terebits (Tb) of information (RF communications case of two orbits of data) or 40.5 Tb of information (optical communications case of five orbits of data) with a technology readiness date of 2003. Onboard storage capability in 2003 is estimated at 4 Tb; therefore, all the data created cannot be stored without processing or compression. Of the 4 Tb of stored data, RF communications can only send about one third of the data to the ground, while optical communications is estimated at 6.4 Tb across all three technology readiness dates of 2000, 2003, and 2006 which were used in the study. The study includes analysis of the onboard processing and communications technologies at these three dates and potential systems to meet the high data rate requirements. In the 2003 case, 7.8% of the data can be stored and downlinked by RF communications while 10% of the data can be stored and downlinked with optical communications. The study conclusion is that only 1 to 10% of the data generated by high data rate instruments will be sent to the ground from now through 2006 unless revolutionary changes in spacecraft design and operations such as intelligent data extraction are developed.


PDGF-C is a potent mitogen for fibroblasts in vitro. Transgenic PDGF-C overexpression in the heart or liver induces organ fibrosis, and PDGF-C expression is upregulated at sites of interstitial fibrosis in human and rat kidneys; however, the effect of inhibiting PDGF-C on the development of renal fibrosis in vivo is unknown. Renal fibrosis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and then mice were treated with neutralizing anti–PDGF-C antiserum or nonspecific IgG. An increase in PDGF-C expression was observed in fibrotic areas after UUO, contributed in large part by infiltrating macrophages. Treatment with anti–PDGF-C reduced renal fibrosis by 30% at day 5 and reduced interstitial myofibroblast accumulation by 57%. In vitro, PDGF-C was a potent mitogen for renal fibroblasts and induced chemokine expression. In vivo, anti–PDGF-C treatment produced a decrease in the expression of the renal chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 (85 and 67% reductions, respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease in leukocyte infiltration and CCR2 mRNA expression. Further supporting a role of PDGF-C in renal fibrosis, PDGF-C−/− mice demonstrated a reduction in fibrosis and leukocyte infiltration in response to UUO compared with wild-type littermates. In conclusion, specific neutralization or lack of PDGF-C reduces the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis in obstructed mouse kidneys. Leukocyte-derived PDGF-C induces chemokine expression, which may lead to the recruitment of additional leukocytes, creating an amplification loop for renal inflammation and fibrosis.


Aim: This study aimed to determine the level of health literacy among individuals visiting the Family Medicine Clinic in Tepecik Hospital and to reveal the relationship between health literacy and independent variables.

Methods: This study has a cross-sectional analytical design. A sample size of 141 was found to produce a two-sided 95% confidence interval and an estimated standard deviation of 6141 people who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The dependent variable in the study was the health literacy level determined by using the Turkish Health Literacy Scale. Student's t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Results: The mean Turkish Health Literacy Scale score was 28.95±5.86; 60.28% of the participants had problematic-limited health literacy, while 20.57% had insufficient, 17.02% had sufficient, and 2.13% had excellent health literacy. The health literacy score of females was 3.204 points lower than that of males. For each unit increase in household disposable income, the Turkish Health Literacy Scale score increased by 0.001 points. The Turkish Health Literacy Scale score was 1.771 points higher for those who have not been hospitalized in the last ten years. The Turkish Health Literacy Scale score increased by 1.306 points for a percent increase in the frequency of obtaining health-related information from the Internet, while it increased by 1.686 points for a percent increase in the frequency of obtaining health-related information from brochures, posters, or books.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that health literacy was quite limited and insufficient among the participants. Determining the factors influencing health literacy, planning with these factors in mind, developing policies to improve health literacy, and increasing the health literacy of individuals and society may be critical for the improvement of public health.

Keywords: health literacy, health care, information, primary health care


Objective To search for possible influence of overall treatment time on the clinical outcome of advanced cervical carcinomas treated with radiation alone.Methods Three hundred and eighty- six patients with Ⅱb and Ⅲ cervical carcinomas treated with external radiation and intracavitary between 1986 and 1990 were entered in the study. A multivariate analysis was carried out on data concerning these patients to determine whether overall treatment time was a prognostic factor. Results Overall treatment time and blood transfusions during treatment were the two most highly significant factors in the multivariate analysis. Loss of local control and overall survival, when treatment time exceeded 56 days, was approximately 1 % per day in both cases. Conclusion These results suggest that overall treatment time might be a highly significant prognostic factor in the treatment outcome of advanced cervical carcinomas.Prospective randomized studies are strongly warranted to confirm this hypothesis.


Introduction, Thomas McLaughlin I Literature as Writing 1 Representation, W. J. T. Mitchell 2 Structure, John Carlos Rowe 3 Writing, Barbara Johnson 4 Discourse, Paul A. Bove 5 Narrative, J. Hillis Miller 6 Figurative Language, Thomas McLaughlin 7 Performance, Henry Sayre 8 Author, Donald E. Pease II Interpretation 9 Interpretation, Steven Mailloux 10 Intention, Annabel Patterson 11 Unconscious, Franoise Meltzer 12 Determinacy/Indeterminacy, Gerald Graff 13 Value/Evaluation, Barbara Herrnstein Smith 14 Influence, Louis A. Renza 15 Rhetoric, Stanley Fish III Literature, Culture, Politics 16 Culture, Stephen Greenblatt 17 Canon, John Guillory 18 Literary History, Lee Patterson 19 Gender, Myra Jehlen 20 Race, Kwane Anthony Appiah 21 Ethnicity, Werner Sollors 22 Ideology, James H. Kavanagh In Place of an Afterword--Someone Reading, Frank Lentricchia References List of Contributors Index


The IEEE 802.11i is one of the much popular wireless local area network standards that is being widely deployed .Much research has been done on the IEEE 802.11 wireless network standard and the standard is known for its insecurity. Several reports have addressed the 802.11-based network vulnerabilities mainly for its lack of security mechanisms for Internet. This paper is based on enhancing the security mechanisms for a specific Internet attack called the Denial-of-Service attack. The attack prevents or prohibits the normal use or management of communications facilities. A Denial-of-service attack may occur if the attacker generates a lot of traffic on the network, which may block the server for hours or by attacking the resource itself .Another form of Denialof-Service attack is the use of a strong radio signal. This denies legitimate users from accessing a resource. This paper discusses a new approach to the prevention and protection from Denial-ofService attack and also considers Denial-of-Service attack in distributed environment.


For a separable Banach space X, we define the notion of a co+type on X and show that the existence of such a type is equivalent to the embeddability of co in X. All these types are weakly null and fourth dual (i.e. of the form r(x) = llx +J g9 for g E X****)We define the II+-dual types on X (these are generated by sequences in X**) and prove that they coincide with the fourth dual types on X. We also prove that co+-types are fourth dual types. Introduction. The concept of a type on a separable Banach space X (i.e. a function of the form r(x) = limn llx+x, I) has proved very fruitful in the isomorphic theory of Banach spaces in recent years. For example, Maurey proved in [4] that a separable Banach space X contains 11 if and only if there exists g E X** such that IIx+gII = lIx-glI for all x E X. In the language of types, this means that X admits a symmetric second dual type (i.e. a type r of the form r(x) = r (-x) = lix + 911 for some g E X**) as defined by Haydon and Maurey [2]. Maurey's results were refined by Rosenthal in [6], where the important class of 11+-types was introduced and shown to coincide with the class of second dual types. The existence of such types is characteristic of nonreflexive separable Banach spaces and implies that the positive face of the unit ball of 11 embeds in X almost isometrically. Rosenthal also defined IP-types for 1 < p < oo, and showed that their existence implies the almost isometric embeddability of IP (for p < oo) or c0 (for p = oo) in X. For p = 1 and p = oo the converse also holds [4, 6]. In the first part of this note we introduce the notion of a co+ -type and prove that co+-types have properties analogous to those of the 11+-types. For example, their existence implies that the positive face of the unit ball of c0 embeds in X almost isometrically. Also, a symmetric type is an l?-type if and only if it is a co+-type, in just the same way that a symmetric type is an 11-type if and only if it is an l-type [6]. The existence of an I'+-type on X does not imply that 11-embeds in X. It is therefore rather striking that the existence of a nontrivial co+-type is equivalent to the embeddability of c0 in X (Theorem 1.8). In the second part of this note it is shown that all co+ -type are of the form r(x) = llx + glj with g E X(4) (X(4) is the fourth dual space of X). We show that all such functions are indeed types, and we call them fourth dual types. Received by the editors July 7, 1986 and, in revised form, October 9, 1986. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 46B25, 46B10.


The textbook covers the relevant issues of our times: the essence of life, theories and hypotheses of the origin of life and man. For millennia, people interested in the question: where did we come from? The guide presents the views, ideas, hypotheses of philosophers, anthropologists, biologists and other specialists on the specifics of human evolution. Special attention is paid to the ontogenetic relationship of language, thought and consciousness, as well as phylogenetic stages of language development.
Addressed to teachers, students of Humanities universities, focused on independent work and advanced study courses "Social anthropology", "Anthropology and life safety", as well as teachers of biology and ecology.


In the polycystic ovary syndrome, women may suffer from a variety of symptoms and also have a variety of different physical signs, all of which can be due to a number of different causes. It is therefore important not to regard the polycystic ovary syndrome as a diagnosis or disease in itself but, instead, as the start of a search to find the underlying cause of the symptoms and problems. Treatment of the cause of a particular woman's PCOS will generally give her better results, both in the short term and in the longer term, than a one-size-fits-all treatment.


The water content of the human body averages 60 per cent of its total weight. Techniques for measurement and criteria for accuracy have been developed for total body water but there are no generally accepted standards for extracellular fluid volume (EFV). It is our purpose in this paper to describe our exploration of the erratic variations of extracellular fluid volume in normal subjects as measured by sucrose infusions and to discuss wide fluctuations in what had been thought hitherto to be a "steady state." It is believed that most methods of estimating EFV using nonelectrolyte labels achieve rapid equilibration in, and measure mainly, interstitial and plasma water, and that the substances used diffuse incompletely into the cerebrospinal fluid, joint spaces, bone and tendon water, or into glandular lumina, or gastrointestinal tract water (2). This incomplete mixing of test substance in these spaces should not be expected to introduce large errors into this estimation since plasma and interstitial fluid must comprise the major portion of EFV. Walser, Seldin and Grollman (3) have proposed the term "functional EFV" for the volume thus measured. However, the accuracy of EFV estimates has been further questioned with reports that even large nonelectrolyte molecules, such as inulin and sucrose, may leave the EFV and penetrate cell membranes (4, 5). Most methods for measuring extracellular fluid


OBJECTIVE
Mechanical stress is an important regulator of chondrocyte function, but it is unknown how chondrocytes respond to mechanical stress. This study was performed to clarify the underlying mechanisms in human chondrocytes.

DESIGN
Using a Flexercell strain unit (25% maximal elongation, 0.05 Hz-cyclic manner, and 48 h), mechanical stimulation was applied to confluent CS-OKB cells, human chondrocytic cells. To analyze transcriptional changes in response to mechanical stress, differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis were performed.

RESULTS
Among several differentially displayed fragments, one fragment (927 bp) tentatively named as SIC (Stress-Induced Chondrocytic) 1 was isolated from the human chondrocytic cell line and identified as one of the high molecular mass heat shock proteins.

CONCLUSION
Mechanical stress induces the expression of a high molecular mass heat shock protein corresponding to SIC 1 in human chondrocytic cells. SIC 1 may play an important role in the mechanical stress-responded metabolism of human chondrocytes.


Ir has always seemed to me matter for regret that much of the material so rich in pathological and medico-legal interest which is available in the London coroners' courts is for all practical purposes lost. It is true that the cases are recorded, and that those records are preserved, but they are not readily available except after a lengthy and troublesome search which would involve much time and labour, and the great majority of cases which obtain publicity are selected more with the object of amusing a sensation-loving public rather than from their intrinsic interest or importance. London coroners are, for the most part, busy and hard-worked people who have not the time to undertake extra work of this kind, and, moreover, many cases, while they begin, do not end in coroners' courts, and it is obviously inexpedient, and indeed improper, to deal with them except officially. But there are cases which do not come within this category, and it has always been my own practice to take private notes of those cases which presented unusual features of interest in the hope that some day a sufficient number of them might be of interest to a Society such as this. I have from this number selected a few, which from their unusual character seemed worthy of being brought to your notice.


The aim of this discussion is to consider the view advanced by Annette Baier, Richard Rorty, and Judith Shklar that a liberal is one who believes that cruelty is the worst thing we do. It will be argued that cruelty is not the worst thing we do and that someone really committed to this view would tend to be a conservative rather than a liberal. Judith Shklar says that "liberal and humane people, of whom there are many among us, would, if they were asked to rank the vices, put cruelty first. Intuitively they would choose cruelty as the worst thing we do."' And she thinks that "liberalism is the possibility of making the evil of cruelty ... the basic norm of its political practices and prescriptions. The only exception to the rule is the prevention of greater cruelties."2 "Liberalism," she says, "begin[s] with a summum malum, which all of us know and would avoid if only we could. That evil is cruelty."3 Richard Rorty says that "we liberals" are "the people who think that cruelty is the worst thing we do," and he endorses "Judith Shklar's criterion of a liberal: someone who believes that cruelty is the worst thing we do."4 Annette Baier acknowledges having an "obviously Humean bias" and elsewhere that she is proceeding "within the limits of the comforting liberal faith."5 She claims that


There is now little doubt that the growth in development and application of information technologies (such as micro- electronics, computers and telecommunications systems) will affect the distribution of wealth within and between countries in the world economy. This book explores issues raised by this, using detailed empirical studies and an economic model of the world economy to evaluate the interrelated changes that will occur. It concludes with an examination of policy options which might make the 'information revolution' of benefit to all people.


Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is a costly weed problem in wheat and barley production in Montana. Wild oat reduces yield and quality of barley, and is particularly troublesome because of a persistent seed bank. Due to increasing economic and environmental costs of herbicides and instances of wild oat resistance to herbicides, non-chemical management strategies are needed which maximize wild oat seed bank decline and crop competitiveness with wild oat. Models which predict individual plant size based on the location of neighboring plants may be useful in predicting the economic value of different crop planting patterns in various situations. A simple model was developed which predicts individual plant size based on the distance and dispersion of neighboring plants. This model compared favorably with published models in its ability to predict plant size and in its ease of computation in a variety of applications. . Experiments were conducted in Bozeman in 1993 and 1994 to determine whether different patterns of crop planting at a constant plant density influenced wild oat seed production or barley yield response to wild oat. Barley planted in wide rows (30-36 cm) suffered a significant yield loss due to competition, while there was no significant yield loss when barley was planted in narrow rows (15-18 cm), or in diagonally offset double rows created by driving a grain drill over the plots twice with a 20° angle between the passes. Barley planting pattern did not have a significant impact on wild oat seed production. Eight different three-year dryland crop rotation treatments were established at two onfarm sites near Big Sandy, MT from 1993-1995 to evaluate the impact of alternative cropping systems on wild oat population ecology and barley yield. The treatment where a grain crop was followed by alfalfa which was cut for hay in the second year and plowed down for green manure in the third year showed the strongest reduction in wild oat seed bank numbers. Pea green manures did not significantly differ from fallow in any effect on wild oat populations. Analysis of wild oat demography revealed that recruitment rates and timing of tillage were strong determinants of wild oat population dynamics. When green manures were properly managed, they did not result in significant yield loss in barley crops in subsequent years, and in one case resulted in yield increase.


This paper deals with a method of 1/f-noise and ripple induced phase instabilities suppression in microwave O-type electron devices. The method uses some results of a network sensitivity theory and features of original noise in O-type tubes. The theory is proved experimentally resulting in 27 dB reduction of a X-band klystron oscillator phase noise at 1 kHz offset frequency. The basic idea can be applied, in principle, to many other practical cases.


Almost 300 years ago Spinoza said: "The order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of things." Translating this into our language, we postulate that the awareness process is exactly synchronous and exactly congruent with the reporting process. But the two processes are not identical. The awareness process is known by introspection, the reporting process by inspection; hence, operationally, the former is psychologic, the latter, physiologic.


A 2.8-4.8-GHz beam-steering broadband microstrip antenna was designed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed broadband antenna can steer a beam by switching p-i-n diodes connecting stubs to a partial ground plane. Radiation pattern measurement shows expected horizontal beam steering at the sampled frequencies of 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 GHz. Its beam steering is suitable for a vital-sign radar application and other applications where simple beam-steering patterns are needed.


The project title: "Teori Penyelidikan Operasi Pengaplikasian Pengoptimuman Linear" was developed based on the difficulties that students problem in answers checking by using manual solution in linear problem(LP). Thus, this system is expected could help the students to check their LP answer and help them to understand better about the algorithm.The user should have basic knowledge about the Operation Research to use this system.This project is web based learning software development for linear programming(LP) method in OR, developed in Malay language.Three methods are used in this system include simplex method,Big M method,and the two phase method.It was developed using the PHP language in Macromedia Dreamweavers Software.This system could solve the LP problem subjec to 8 constraints and variables each one.


The estimation method for the abrasions of a cylindrical concrete structure due to sea ice movement proposed by Itoh et al. (1994) is extended to predict precisely the abrasion depth distribution near the waterline of the concrete structure. The extended distinct element method (EDEM) by Meguro and Hakuno (1989) is applied to evaluate the ice contact pressure distribution on the waterline assuming that the failure modes of the ice sheet are crushing with radial cracking. With a proper adjustment of the material parameters, realistic failure patterns and contact pressure histories can be obtained. We examine the adequacy of our extended estimation method through the field investigation of abrasion on a concrete Swedish lighthouse. It is demonstrated that the abrasion depth distribution of the cylindrical concrete structure would be mainly determined by the ice contact pressure, the ice temperature, the relative velocity between ice and concrete, and the excursion of the broken pieces of the ice sheet near the waterline.


Through deep analysis on the characteristics of relational database,it is found that data in a relation may be allowed to take transformations to some extent.A database watermark can be embedded into a database by executing data transformations.Database watermarking is a brand new security mechanism which is different from the traditional cryptography.It can not only ensure the security and integrity of sensitive data but also recover the attacked data.Therefore,the security control can be improved by database watermarking.


The objective of this study was to develop a new Chinese herbal aqua-acupuncture formulation Dang Hong Fu, test its safety in rabbits and evaluate its efficacy to prevent retained placenta in cows when injected into acupoint GV-1. Dang Hong Fu was administered intraocularly, subdermally, intraperitoneally and intravenously into rabbits and no adverse reactions were observed, except transient swelling of the ear flap after subdermal injection. One hundred and twenty four pregnant cows were selected to be in an untreated control group and observed after calving to determine the retained placenta rate for the farm. Fifty pregnant cows from the same farm were selected for the study and randomly assigned to two groups: 30 cows in the Dang Hong Fu group and 22 cows in a saline control group. Immediately after calving 40 ml of Dang Hong Fu (40 grams of dried herbs) were injected into GV-1 in the herbal group and 40 ml of physiological saline were injected at the same site in the saline control group. Both groups were observed for retained placentas and the time until placental expulsion was recorded in the others. The retained placenta rate for untreated cows that received no treatment was 35.5% (44/124). The incidence of retained placenta in the Dang Hong Fu group was 16.7% and in the saline control group 31%. The time for expulsion of placental membranes was a mean of 9 hours (range 3.5-24 hours) in the Dang Hong Fu group and a mean of 14.7 hours (range 3.0-24 hours) in the saline control group. When compared to the untreated control group, Dang Hong Fu aqua-acupuncture significantly reduced the incidence of retained placentas (p 0.047; < 0.05), but saline aqua-acupuncture did not (p 0.740; > 0.05). Herbal aqua-acupuncture may offer an easy treatment method to reduce the incidence of retained placenta with no adverse side effects.


its evanescence into an eternal possession" (p. 430). In religion so conceived "we deal with life and not abstractions, and with God as the environment in which we live and move and have our being, and not as an ecclesiastical formula. . . . Denying the world does not mean that we do not possess it in courageous use of all possibilities, but only that we do not allow it to possess us" (p. 471). While sometimes the condensed argument is difficult to follow, for the most part the style is lucid and graphic, with many a flash of humour in concrete illustrations. The book will amply reward more than one reading.


Miniaturization and simultaneous increase of complexity and functionality of modern electronic control units (ECU) leads to the situation that the classical reliability methods become less and less sufficient. Reliability prediction in automotive industry is complex, as the load history on the system level (e.g. car) is multi-domain and depends on many different factors such as the climate, the type of the car, user, etc. Currently, the reliability of the ECU's is assessed on the subsystem level. In order to assess reliability on the system level, prognostic and health monitoring (PHM) is the most promising method. In this paper the IForce, piezoresistive, silicon based stress sensor is implemented to monitor the stress state during passive and active power cycling (APC) of the ECU. Two ECU's-original and overmolded are subjected to combined active power and passive thermal cycling. The active power is dissipated in the commercially available DPAK IC package. The APC is conducted at different temperatures between -40°C and 70°C. The signals of the IForce sensor are first validated by simultaneous measurements using moiré interferometry. In addition, the FEM simulations are conducted, which can be further used to assess the life time model of two possible failure modes of the DPAK power package: solder joint fatigue and wire bond lift off.


During the last few decades many researches have been interested in the field of wave propagation in periodic or random composite systems. The spatially periodic composites – phononic crystals – are materials which are designed to have exotic behavior and this concept has been first conceived for photonic crystals. They have heterogeneous inclusions with periodic distribution. Due to its periodic structure, some frequency ranges may exist where elastic waves are forbidden to propagate (band gaps). In this study we have investigated theoretically the dispersion relation (band structure) of mechanical waves propagating in an inhomogeneous elastic medium reinforced by Al2O3 inclusions in a square and hexagonal lattice. We also studied the influence of the inclusion geometry. The plane wave expansion (PWE) method and the improved PWE method are used to solve the wave equation considering in-plane and transverse vibrations. The complete band gaps are observed to all geometries considered. Our findings show that the band gap width depends on the thickness of hollow inclusion. We suggest that the Al2O3/epoxy composite is feasible for mechanical vibrations management. 60o Congresso Brasileiro de Cerâmica 15 a 18 de maio de 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP


This article considers questions relating to the performance practice of listening to music in early modern contexts. The evidence of paintings by Pieter Lastman, Gerard ter Borch and Hendrik Sorgh, poetry by Robert Herrick, William Shakespeare and Edmund Waller, and accounts of performances by Francesco da Milano, Nicola Matteis and Queen Elizabeth I all help to bring into focus questions of attentiveness, affective response and analogical understanding. The source material also interestingly raises the possibility of occasionally understanding the act of listening within a frame of erotic relationship modelled on Laura Mulvey's well-known concept of the 'male gaze'.


In this study, we propose an architecture for estimating motion vectors by searching for one neighbor pixel in high-speed images and a machine learning algorithm that uses the estimated motion vectors. In high-speed imaging, the motion of pixels between frames is considerably small. Our architecture estimates motion vectors by assuming that the pixels move less than one pixel between frames. We verified that our method could classify images into two classes, i.e., dangerous (something is approaching) or safe (others), by employing a simple perceptron after extracting the features of the estimated motion vectors using a method based on Poggio's HMAX (Hierarchical Model and X) model. We used the target images captured by an in-vehicle camera for learning and verified that another set of images could be classified using our method. We confirmed that the proposed architecture can estimate motion vectors using a small number of operations and perform classification based on machine learning.


Circa 80% of the neotropical species of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) belong to the "MOOG Clade", whose interrelations are poorly established. This study describes the floral morphology, anther development, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollinarium and pollen grain morphology of Oxypetalum appendiculatum to foster future taxonomic work. In addition to typical morphological features of Asclepiadoideae, as a bifid vinaceous appendix and a translator with a laterally expanded retinaculum, flowers present a clear division of stamens into three groups, with respect to size and arrangement in the flower, which has not yet been reported in the literature. Stamens present connate, subsessile filaments, bisporangiate anthers with six parietal layers, and dicotyledonous development. Endothecium is unthickened; secretory tapetum is biseriate on the adaxial side and multiseriate on the abaxial surface. Successive microsporogenesis produces linear tetrads. Single pollen grains, united in pollinia, are tricellular and inaperturate. Features as bisporangiate anthers and successive microsporogenesis delimit the subfamily. Unthickened endothecium may indicate a derived position of O. appendiculatum in the "MOOG Clade".


Shark is a top predator in the food chain. Scientifically, shark have no other
predator that must be avoided, so in their life cycle shark didn't develop specific
strategies for defending themself from predator. This research done with the aim to
list species composition and growth patterns of shark that landed on TPI
Karangsong, Indramayu. Data retrieval using random sampling method as much as 10% from total weight of shark that landed by each fishing boats.data taken is photo (for identification purpose), total lenght, weight, sex, and male genital size.
The result showed there are about 21 species of shark from 599 sharks recorded they are C. sorrah, C. dussumieri, S. lewini, S. mokarran, Galeocerdo cuvier, Mustelus widodoi, Hemipriptis elongata, C. obscurus, C. falciformis, C. brevipina, Lamiopsis temmincki, M. Manazo, Chyloscyllium punctatum, R. Oligolinx, S.
fasciatum, A. Baliensis, Chaenogaelus macrostoma, Hemigaelus microstoma, C. sealei, dan C. Limbatus are landed on TPI Karangsong. The species of sharks that dominating are C. sorrah as much as 210 sharks (35,1%), S. lewini as much as 124 sharks (20,7%), and C. dussumieri as much as 46 sharks (7,7%). Based on result of analysis to b value at 3 dominating sharks the result obtained that the growth pattern of the 3 shark species is isometric.


AIM
The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of intraoral thermoformed splint with a magnet device over a period of 3 months, ie. to assess acceptability of this method of treatment using both objective and self-reported measures MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective clinical pilot trial. 22 patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation were included. Xerostomia was assessed using a 4-question xerostomia questionnaire score and a test for unstimulated salivary flow rates. Evaluations were performed before the treatment and 3 months after the treatment using a thermoformed splint with a magnet device.

RESULTS
There was a significant reduction in subjective symptoms after using a thermoformed splint with a magnet device for 3 months. For all 4 scored items, there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) in median VAS scores before and 3 months after treatment. There was also a statistically significant difference in USFR before (0,15 ± 0,04 ml/min) and after treatment (0,24 ± 0,03 ml/min).

CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that the use of this device alleviated oral dryness and stimulated the function of the submandibular salivary gland. An intraoral thermoformed splint with a magnet device is safe, physiologically indifferent, useful and effective in treating xerostomia and hyposalivation.


The curing behavior of a phenolic resol resin in the presence of p-toluensulphonic acid is reported herein. The gel time of different systems has been determined by thermal scanning rheometry. Thermal and mechanical properties of the resin have been modified by the addition of varying amounts of fillers, talc, and kaolin. dynamic mechanical thermal analysis is used to determine the mechanical properties of the systems and the influence of the fillers and the postcuring. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


The utility model discloses a measuring device for orthopaedics, relating to the technical field of medical instruments. The measuring device comprises a ruler body (1) on which graduations are arranged; the ruler body (1) is provided with a through hole (2) that is internally provided with a measuring probe (3), and graduations are arranged on the measuring probe (3); and furthermore, a measuring clamp (4) used for marking the graduations is arranged on the measuring probe (3). The measuring device for the orthopaedics has simple structure, can be used conveniently, and integrates the measurements on fracture depth and surface wound of the skin into a whole; furthermore, a tissue is not injured during the measurement process; and measurement data is exact, the treatment quality is effectively improved, and the burden of medical personnel is reduced.


Prior to 1700 population growth in Europe was slowed by war diseas e and crop failures. Population increased when deaths due to infectious diseases declined. This decline was caused by improved health and hygiene practices and the development of medical immunization techniques especially vaccinations and antibiotics. A reduction of acute food shortages due to improved production techniques also played a large role. With the decrease in death rates came an increase in population. Increased population was supported by emigration the cultivation of new land and an increase in productivity per acre and the importation of food. The importance of these factors is thrown into relief by the case of Ireland which lacked both the resources and the lack of means to increase productivity at home. After 1880 birthrates began to decline in most of northwest Europe. The decline is attributed to the increasing use of contraception among married couples the increasing economic burden of children the decrease in infant mortality so that fewer births are needed to produce the desired family size and increased education. Even so Europes population has grown about 1% a year during the 20th century.


Background-

Mammary tumors are frequently seen in female dogs. Conventionally, these tumors are diagnosed by histopathology. Differentially expressed biomarkers could aid in non-invasive diagnosis of canine mammary tumors but their number is scanty. The present investigation focuses on assessing HSPD1 as a diagnostic biomarker of canine mammary tumors.
Methods and results-

Expression of HSPD1 transcript was analyzed by SYBR green based real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene encoding immuno-dominant region of HSPD1 was cloned using the expression vector pPROEX-HTa and expressed in a prokaryotic system. Upon purification by affinity chromatography, a 60KDa recombinant protein was obtained which was confirmed by Western blotting. Hyperimmune serum was raised against the rHSPD1 in mice and immunohistochemistry was standardized to assess expression of this protein in various histotypes of canine mammary tumors. Elevated level of HSPD1 mRNA expression (4.92 ± 0.65folds) was observed in canine mammary tumors as compared to the healthy mammary tissue. Further, HSPD1 protein expression in 80% of healthy tissues showed mild immunoreactivity whereas, moderate to high expression of HSPD1 was seen in 80% CMT tissue samples.
Conclusions-

The findings suggest that HSPD1 could act as molecular marker for the diagnosis of mammary tumors in canines and also to assess the response to these subjects to treatment.


Denim is a mortal fashion product loved by everybody around the world. Denim usage increases as time goes by. The variant of denim product is not limited in traditional fashion only such as trouser, jacket, or shirt; but also develops wider to bags, watches shoes, and even to the house hold accessories. The development sounds very successfully nowadays compared to the ancient usage of denim, which is worn by the American labor. PT. Grand textile Industry was the pioneer in Indonesian denim supply and had their first denim factory. Currently, it becomes leader in denim market. This research aims to analyze and define the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of PT. Grand Textile Industry in order to face the current competition and to be able to survive. This research uses EFE and IEF Matrix, CPM, SWOT Matrix, SPACE Matrix, Grand Strategy Matrix and QSPM to find the suitable strategy to be applied in the company. The data were gathered through interview with the company management and direct observation in the company. The conclusion of this research is 'Product Development" strategy which is an intensive strategy to improve the denim usage. Company has to update the market trend in fashion regularly in order to have their product keep updated. Company should have fresh ideas and strengthen the characteristic of GRANDTEX within.


Learning obstacle factors of college students in learning probability theory,which involve direct observation ability,probability theory thinking qualities,psychology factor and emotion factor are analyzed.And some useful factics in conquering these obstacle factors are given,by doing this,improving the relative content's teaching essentially and renewing the tradition teaching idea are expected.


Welcome to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. This U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) site is managed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). It is very important that all visitors comply with all DOE and ANL safety requirements, as well as those of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the National Fire Protection Association, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and with other requirements as applicable.


Bithoracochaeta Stein is redescribed based on type material and good series of other species. The redescription includes characteres recently used in the modern classification of Muscidae. Coments on the position of the genus in Coenosiinae subfamily and illustration of proboscis, katepisternum and female terminalia are also presented.


Traditionally breeders and geneticists alike have used morphological characteristics or phenotype to distinguish various genotypes/cultivars. However, with the advent of cytoplasmic capture, phenotyping can become difficult, if not impossible. Through this process, lines with new cytoplasms (alloplasmic lines) differ in their cytoplasmic material but have the same nuclear DNA. Since nuclear DNA is the primary basis of heredity, notable morphological differences may not be seen, thus making phenotype selection difficult or impossible. In recent years, molecular measures have provided a sensitive and reliable means to identify diversity among genotypes. Both geneticists and plant breeders have come to rely on marker assisted selection (MAS) as a proven and powerful tool for screening and selection. The objective of this project is to develop molecular markers for chloroplastic or mitochondrial DNA, as a means to identify different cytoplasm substitution lines.


The low-temperature behaviour of the F centre in CaO crystals has been investigated using luminescence and photoconductivity measurements. The fluorescence emission from the 3T1u to 1A1g transition of the F centre decreases in the temperature region 55 to 75K and is accompanied by an increase in the long-lived phosphorescence and in the associated photoconductivity. This behaviour is attributed to photo-induced thermal excitation of electrons from one or more excited states of the F centre to the conduction band. An analysis of the data shows that the 3T1u state is about 0.1 eV below the bottom of the conduction band. The radiative lifetime of the 3T1u level decreases by about 20% between 4 and 50K. This is not easily explained by current models of the excited states of the F centre.


The field equations of a previous metric nonsymmetric theory of gravitation are considered for the interior of a static spherically symmetric perfect fluid with a view to a study of stellar equilibrium. The equations are put into a form of four first-order differential equations which are ready for numerical integration.


This report includes three papers presented at the 8th International Conference on Asphalt Pavements held At Washington University, Seattle, August 10-14, 1997. The first paper describes the Pavement Subgrade Study conducted in the Danish Road Testing Machine. The papers "Specimen Preparation and Repeated Load Triaxial Testing of Subgrade Soils" presents part of the research work being performed under the "Subgrade Performance Study" concerning repeated-load triaxial testing of both resilient and plastic properties of subgrade soils. The third paper "The 9th International Conference on Asphalt Pavements in Copenhagen 2002" includes the welcome speech and the text of a video presentation to welcome attendants to ISAP 2002.


Increasing penetration level of wind turbines in power systems has created new challenges for power engineers. One of such important challenges is voltage stability of power system. According to the studies, when a synchronous generator is replaced by a wind turbine, voltage stability deteriorates. In this paper, voltage stability of power systems in the presence of different types of wind turbines is studied. First, considering the different stability indicators, impact of different types of wind turbines on voltage stability is compared with each other. Then, impact of different control modes of variable speed wind turbines on voltage stability is evaluated. Also, due to the high impact of output reactive power of variable speed wind turbines on the voltage stability indicators, both during and after the fault, a method based on mathematical calculations has been proposed to obtain the optimal reference value of reactive power. Effectiveness of the proposed method in voltage stability improvement has been shown via simulations performed by MATLAB/Simulink software.


In article ways of modeling of wind power installations taking into account complexity of processes occurring in them are considered. The models are received, allowing to estimate influence of fluctuations of a wind on target parameters of system. With the help of the considered models the estimation of emergency processes is possible.


With the process of national reformation, the deepening of market mechanism has promoted the course of China's agricultural regional division of labor, reflecting clearly in the regional variance of agricultural production structure. Regional variance of China' s agricultural production structure was studied during 1980-2000. The results show that the enlargement of the variance is the main tendency for the changes of agricultural production structure in different regions of China.


There are no majors, or even minors, in investor relations for undergraduate students in the United States. Yet, the association of investor relations professionals, the National Investor Relations Institute, has 4,300 members. The questions, then, become who works in the investor relations departments and investor relations agencies, where do they come from, and, more important, what does it mean for the status of investor relations as a profession? This study addresses these questions by conducting a random probability sampling of investor relations professionals to investigate their educational backgrounds, organizational structures, reporting relationships, and other variables. The study concludes that investor relations is still primarily a financial function: Investor relations professionals have financial or business backgrounds and report to the financial executives rather than to the communication executives or to the Chief Executive Officer.


Since the Radio Spectrum Measurement System (RSMS) began making measurements of spectrum usage in 1973, a number of software tools have been developed to assist in interpreting the significance of the measurement data and in estimating the effectiveness of RSMS mea surement sites. The techniques were developed itera tively, beginning with a very simple method that as sumed a single coverage radius and eventually evolved into a method that makes a propagation prediction for each transmitter by using Government Master File (GMF) information and a terrain data base with the LongleyRice point-to-point propagation model. The transmitter-by-transmitter coverage method allows a comparison of predicted and measured signal levels to be routinely made for large numbers of transmitters, and several such comparisons are provided. However, problems associated with the validity of such comparisons are so numerous that few (if any) provide an accurate measure of propagation model performance. In particular, the information provided in the GMF is often inadequate for valid predictions and must be supplemented with infor mation from other sources.


The vision of service-oriented computing has been largely developed on the fundamental principle of building systems by composing and orchestrating services in their control flow. Nowadays, software development is notably influenced by service-oriented architectures (SOAs), in which the quality of software systems is determined by the quality of the involved services and their actual composition. Despite the efforts on improving their individual quality, adding or replacing services in an evolving system can introduce failures, thus compromising the satisfaction of the system's functional and extra-functional requirements. These failures erode the trust in the SOA vision. Thus, a key issue for the industrial adoption of SOA is providing service providers, integrators, and consumers the means to build confidence that services behave according to the contracted quality conditions. In this paper we present a first version of PA SCA NI, a framework for specifying and executing test specifications for service-oriented systems. From a test specification, PA SCA NI generates a configuration of testing services compliant with the Service Component Architecture (SCA) specification, which can be composed to integrate different testing strategies, being these tests traceable in an automated way. Our evaluation results show the applicability of the framework and a substantial gain in the tester's effort for developing tests.


In this study, the main attention is paid to the problem of "shadowing" the Ukrainian economy during the crisis period. Theoretical approaches to determining the functions of taxes and factors affecting real tax revenues were studied. A scientific study was carried out that will reveal the motives of the behavior of taxpayers, who are explicitly or implicitly laid in the basis of approaches to the formation of the mechanism of taxation and tax policy of the state. Consequently, we tried to determine motives of the behavior of taxpayers, which explicitly or implicitly form the basis of approaches to the formation of the tax mechanism and the tax policy of the state.  So, we tried to determine the level of the shadow economy, taking into account the modeling of the dynamics of tax behavior of economic entities, which, of course, will allow to increase the efficiency of management of the budget process, in particular, planning of budget expenditures to regional authorities.The article defines the necessity of improving the tools of state regulation of the economy, taking into account the specific conditions of development, and creates scientific and methodological support for the formation of concepts, strategies and programs of socio-economic development of the country and regions by the authorities. The theoretical positions concerning the role of the state in the regulation of fiscal-budgetary relations in the light of the evolution of the views of the known economic schools are outlined, and the expediency of introducing the views of well-known economic schools into practice has been outlined, which will help to develop regulatory measures to overcome negative phenomena in the economyIt is generally agreed that evasion of payment of taxes and fees leads to a number of negative consequences for both state power, and for the country's society (the threat of development, the collapse of the national economy, the negative influence on the distribution of resources redistribution between the spheres of economy, the threat to democratic values and social institutions). Systematically conceptualized the motives of the behavior of the subtitles, which were used as the basis for the formation of the mechanism of the podcasting and subjective policy of the state. Factors influencing the regulatory policy of the country and the factors influencing the adoption of decisions by the parties associated with the subtraction of subtractions are considered. The structure of the mechanization of the formation of a subtle behavior is proposed. The problems of tax evasion were identified and countermeasures were proposed to facilitate the development of an effective state anti-political policy in Ukraine.


Even today, brucellosis still constitutes a serious zoonosis for Europe, with significant socio-economic and health implications, on both livestock and the public health. It has been reported in more than 120 countries worldwide.
In Europe in the year 2015 EFSA states that the highest rates of notification of human cases of brucellosis were reported by three states: Greece, Portugal and Italy. In Greece, a total of 123 cases were registered in 2016. The most important risk factor for the onset of the disease is the person's contact with an infected animal.
The Brucella melitensis strain is prevalent in the sheep and goats of the Mediterranean, it has the strongest virulence and causes acute and severe infection in humans due to its complications. Greece has the largest number of sheep and goats in the European Union. The control measures applied to sheep, goats and cattle against the disease are the implementation of control and eradication programs through carrying out vaccinations, blood sampling and slaughtering of positive animals, depending on the area. There is a healing scheme in humans, but not in animals.
This study, entitled "Study of the efficacy of the REV-1 vaccination against brucellosis in the transmission of the disease to man", is based on a data analysis collected by the Public services of the Prefecture of Western Greece, specifically from the county of Achaia, for the period 2011-2016, comparing two parameters: 1) all human cases of brucellosis as reported through the Hygiene Department and HACCP Directorate; and 2) the total number of vaccinations with Rev-1 of the sheep and goats as recorded in the Veterinary Department of Agricultural Economics and Veterinary Medicine of Achaia.
The importance of this comparison was based on the basic question whether the control program and coping with the disease, in the small ruminants of our county, which has been taking place for many years, has an impact on the occurrence of human cases. It is logical that by implementing the program properly, the cases are reduced, or vice versa. It is investigated whether these two variables are correlated and, if not, the wrong data of the course of that program to be referred.


We aimed to evaluate the coping styles and social support perceived by the children with two different chronic diseases (cancer and bronchiectasis), their mothers' coping styles and compare them with a control group without any chronic physical or psychiatric disorder.


Abstract How do transnational integration regimes (TIRs) shape domestic developmental capacities to benefit from trade integration? Some scholars acknowledge the passive influence TIRs can have on domestic capacities to spur development. Others conceive of TIRs as active agents of change but disagree as to whether their effects are positive or negative. This paper takes issue with some of these approaches and reveals important caveats of others by investigating how the shallow mode of transnational market integration shapes domestic developmental capacities. The paper uses the developmental pathway of Ukraine's automotive industry as a case study. Strikingly, the sector maintained its peripheral position despite initial developmental features that made it as good an investment destination for multinationals as automotive sectors in other peripheral economies that eventually became more integrated in transnational value chains. I argue that it needs strong states being able to use the opportunities offered by the shallow mode of integration for development. By contrast, weak states can hardly shield themselves against capture by rent-seeking networks, since TIRs only provide limited assistance for building developmental capacities in the context of shallow integration.


The socialist core value system embodies the essence of the socialist ideology.As the Colleges and universities undertake the significant historical task of cultivating the socialist builders and reliable successors,it is urgent to lead the college students to become the learners,the firm believers,the active communicators and the credible activist of socialist core value system.The key link of fulfilling this historic task is to build the value identification in the field of education based on leading the college students to identify the socialist core value system from the characteristics of cognitive identification,affective identification and behavior identification.


In Part II, we saw how genus-0 permutation-equivariant quantum K-theory of a manifold with isolated fixed points of a torus action can be reduced via fixed point localization to permutation-equivariant quantum K-theory of the point. In Part III, we gave a complete description of genus-0 permutation-equivariant quantum K-theory of the point by means of adelic characterization. Here we apply the adelic characterization to introduce the action on this theory of a certain group of $q$-difference operators. This action will enable us to prove that toric $q$-hypergeometric functions represent K-theoretic GW-invariants of toric manifolds.


Aims Adapt the adult 'distress thermometer' for a paediatric oncology population. Pilot the 'Worryometer' as a multi-informant assessment tool for identifying psychosocial problems in patients and their families. Use results of 'Worryometer' to plan appropriate intervention and support Assess the acceptability to families and the feasibility of using it in clinical settings. Methods The' Worryometer' is a single item self-report 0-10 analogue scale covering five domains: family, practical, emotional, physical and religious/spiritual. The four most concerning issues are identified and a plan of action agreed. Four versions of the tool were developed for parents and patients of different ages. The study took place over three months in 2011. A Clinical Psychologist, Counsellor, Play Specialists and other Allied Health Professionals were trained to administer the 'Worryometer'. Families' and professionals' views of the tool were evaluated using a questionnaire. An audit was undertaken to assess whether the identified needs had been followed up. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to interpret the data. Results 23 parents and 13 patients completed the forms. 70% of parents found the tool helpful or very helpful; 25% found the process emotionally uncomfortable. 70% of children found the process helpful. The majority of staff found the tool useful: barriers to its use included the time required. The audit showed that 81% of identified needs were followed up; 11% needed no follow up; and 8% it was unknown. Conclusions It was found to be: ▶ A useful and relevant tool for identifying individual needs especially during and at the end of treatment. ▶ Specifically, identifying families' internal resources and signposting them if further support was needed. Future considerations need to take account of: ▶ Different levels of treatment, for example surgery versus chemotherapy. ▶ Assessing patients who have had a brain tumour. ▶ Siblings to have a form tailored to their needs. Abstract G158(P) Table 1 Beginning Middle End of treatment Parents 6 6 11 Patients 2 7 4


i Table of contents v Thesis declaration viii Acknowledgements ix List of publications xi Chapter 1. General Introduction 1 Plant-soil feedback theory 1 Influence of plant species on plant-soil feedback: soil conditioning 2  Root deposition 3  Litter deposition 6 Influence of soil conditions on plant-soil feedback 8  Soil feedback mediated by chemical properties 9  Soil feedback mediated by biological properties 10 Empirical evidence for importance of plant-soil feedback in vegetation succession 12 Implications of the plant-soil feedback for restoration of ecosystems 16 The jarrah forest 17  Distribution and climate 18  Soils 19  Ecological aspects 19 Evidence of potential mechanisms of soil conditioning by jarrah forest plants 21 Mining activity and restoration of the jarrah forest 22 Thesis outline and research objectives 29 Chapter 2. General methods 30 Response variables 30


It is sometimes argued that the uneven sky coverage of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) biases the distribution of satellite galaxies discovered by it to align with the polar plane defined by the 11 brighter, classical Milky Way (MW) satellites. This might prevent the SDSS satellites from adding significance to the MW's Vast Polar Structure (VPOS). We investigate whether this argument is valid by comparing the observed situation with model satellite distributions confined to the exact SDSS footprint area. We find that the SDSS satellites indeed add to the significance of the VPOS and that the survey footprint rather biases away from a close alignment between the plane fitted to the SDSS satellites and the plane fitted to the 11 classical satellites. Finding the observed satellite phase-space alignments of both the classical and SDSS satellites is a ~5{\sigma} event with respect to an isotropic distribution. This constitutes a robust discovery of the VPOS and makes it more significant than the Great Plane of Andromeda (GPoA). Motivated by the GPoA, which consists of only about half of M31's satellites, we also estimate which fraction of the MW satellites is consistent with being part of an isotropic distribution. Depending on the underlying satellite plane width, only 2 to 6 out of the 27 considered MW satellites are expected to be drawn from isotropy, and an isotropic component of >50% of the MW satellite population is excluded at 95% confidence.


Colloquially known as foodies (Barr & Levy, 1984), there is a group of people who have a deep interest in food and eating. Such people are often skilled amateurs (Stebbins, 1992), with a high level of knowledge about food and ingredients. Foodies collect food experiences, and visits to celebrated restaurants, much as tourists collect souvenirs (Morgan et al. 2008). Many foodies are well-off people from the middle classes who are also internet users. For them, online consumer reviews have become an important information resource, in particular food blogs which provide amateur restaurant reviews (Zhu & Zhang, 2010; Pantalidis, 2010). Those who do read food blogs prefer their reviews to those of supposedly "professional" reviewers who work for traditional publications, as bloggers are seen as more independent. Such amateur reviews aid in spreading word of mouth attitudes within a community of consumption. The members of these groups furthermore share their knowledge with each other via the medium of the blog. This thesis is based on two major areas of theory, and applies them to the concepts of foodism and food blogging for the first time. Firstly the thesis critically examines the key themes of foodism and food blogging as a form of Serious Leisure. Helen Yee is a foodie whose intense interest in food and eating is so strong that she writes a blog, called Grab Your Fork, with almost daily posts on the food which she has eaten. This "citizen journalism" (Bruns, 2007) takes her blogging into the Serious Leisure arena. Secondly, Tajfel and Turner's (1979) theory on Social Identity Theory has not previously been applied to either foodie communities or blogging communities. In the case of Grab Your Fork the network of individuals who have developed an on-line community are also foodies, so the example was able to be applied to both situations, and was shown to be an appropriate model to explain such a community. The attachment of emotional involvement to the group and their values and ethos structure as presented within this theory links to the concept of Serious Leisure in that in Social identity Theory, it is the self-confirmation as being an in-group member or out-group member that defines a person's definition of themselves (Shamir, 1992).


The paper presents the main active and passive applications of ultrasounds. There is a general form of an applicative installation that uses ultrasounds. A comparative study is performed between the concentrators in terms of amplification factor and material.


The article illustrates the present situation of Mazu Worship in Taiwan and sums up its distinguishing features different with one in the mainland.Furthermore,it analyses the modern Mazu Worship under the guidance of Marxism.Finally,the article concludes that the Mazu Worship reflects a lot of characteristics of Chinese culture,acting as a strong promoter during the process of Chinese reunification.


Sensitivity of an estimator to departures from its distributional assumptions is a very important issue that is worth considering. The influence function, which describes the effect of an infinitesimal contamination at point, y, on the estimator we are seeking, standardized by the mass, e, of the contamination, is bounded for the median. This property of the median is enjoyed by the other quantile points. Quantile regression inherits this robustness property since the minimized objective functions in the case of sample quantile and in the case of quantile regression are the same. This robustness is investigated by analyzing the quarterly implicit price deflator using quantile regression. The coefficients for the median and other quantiles remain unchanged even when outlier is added to the data.


A variety of sequelae that may follow supervoltage radiotherapy of the thorax and abdomen is described. It is emphasized that complications amounting to serious injury are rarely seen at the present time where irradiation is carefully carried out by those experienced in this field of treatment. On the other hand, with the increasing use of supervoltage thernpy we can expect to see an increase in the number of injuries to internal organs, especially where radical treatment is pursued in an effont to eradicate highly malignant and relatively radioresistant tumors. In such cases a certain number of injuries will probably have to be accepted as the price of treatment aimed at saving lives otherwise doomed. Careful planning of therapy, regular observation during treatment, and consideration given to the dose to be delivered in the light of the volume of tissue and type of tumor being treated will reduce serious injuries to a minimum. in addition, a close co-operation between pathologist and radiotherapist in the study of these changes will do much to keep the clinician alert to the dangers of over-dosage. (auth)


The available nutrients of sandy soil in pear orchards was studied in this paper under topdressing different fertilizer,the results showed that the content of available nitrogen,available phosphate and available potassium was significantly higher than CK no matter when solely topdressing chicken manure and chemical fertilizers or combinating chicken manure and chemical fertilizers,the contents of available nutrients was highest under combinating 25kg chicken manure+0.435kg urea + 0.272kg diammonium phosphate + 0.47kg potassium sulphate(N∶P∶K=2∶1∶2) every tree.when it was solely topdressed with chicken manure and chemical fertilizers or the proportion of N to P and K was 1∶1∶1 and 2∶1∶1 under combinating chicken manure and chemical fertilizers,the growth sequence of available nutrients was available nitrogenavailable potassiumavailable phosphate,but when the proportion of N to P and K was was 2∶1∶2 under combinating chicken manure and chemical fertilizers,the growth sequence of available nutrients was available nitrogenavailable phosphateavailable potassium.


The Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is an important protected area of Gujarat State, India, established in 1989, encompassing an area of 607 km 2 . along the north-eastern border of Bharuch district. The area lies between 21o 03′ N to 21o 59′ N latitude and 73o 05′ E to 74o 10′ E longitude at an altitude of 800 to 900 msl. Dense forest of the sanctuary constitutes catchment of two major irrigation dams viz. Sardar Sarovar and Karjan dams. Hills of the sanctuary are part of the Satpudas, where they merge with the Vindhayan. Dipcadi Medik. is represented by 41 species in the world, India as one of the center of diversity having 10 species with 4 varieties (Prabhugaonkar et al. 2009). Initially this genus was placed in Liliaceae, later in Hyacinthaceae and recent phylogenetic synthesis of Angiosperms available as APweb (Stevens 2001) and The Plant List (2013) places it now in Asparagaceae (sensu lato). With the publication of Red Data Book of Indian Plants six species of Dipcadi were assessed as threatened in India and thus prioritized for conservation (Dasgupta & Deb 1981). Dipcadi saxorum Blatter is one of the six threatened plants in India which has been reported as endemic to Maharashtra earlier (Gaikwad et al. 2014). The specimens have been collected from Shoolpaneshwar forests area, Narmada District. Therefore, it forms a new distributional report to the Gujarat after Maharashtra (Shah 1978, Raghavan et al. 1981, Almeida 2009, Meena 2012). Voucher specimens RM-2036, 2037 are deposited in Herbarium, Department of Botany, USS, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad.


How does one develop deep knowledge of our field? Inherent in this quest is a complex field with multiple definitions and research perspectives on our practices. This session will showcase an approach that engages students in generative activities to prompt critical thinking about design and development theory and practices. Resulting instructional design theory databases collaboratively created by classmates and instructional development models with accompanying detailed work plans created by individuals will be showcased and discussed.


The income gap between urban and rural areas is increasing constantly with the increase of rural labor migration in the process of development of economy in Guangdong.The thesis looks for the reasons resulting in the phenomenon contradicted with classic economic theories from the distribution of employment of rural labor in urban labor market and the affection of human capital disparity between urban and rural areas coming from rural labor migration.The thesis deems that the rural labor migration did not reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas on one hand because that rural labor is discriminate in urban labor market and usually is employed in the secondary labor market;on the other hand because that the migration of rural labor increases the human capital disparity between urban and rural areas,leading to increase the income gap between urban and rural areas.


Peculiarities of innovation entrepreneurship, the process of creating small innovative enterprises, considered a model of development of innovative business in modern Russia.


Abstract Some extensions to the delayed renewal risk models are considered. In particular, the independence assumption between the interclaim time and the subsequent claim size is relaxed, and the classical Gerber-Shiu penalty function is generalized by incorporating more variables. As a result, general structures regarding various joint densities of ruin related quantities as well as their probabilistic interpretations are provided. The numerical example in case of time-dependent claim sizes is provided, and also the usual delayed model with time-independent claim sizes is discussed including a special case with exponential claim sizes. Furthermore, asymptotic formulas for the associated compound geometric tail for the present model are derived using two alternative methods.


Kidneys were removed from dogs 15 minutes to 2 hours after single i.v. injections of ethacrynic acid of 0.2, 1 or 5 mg/kg. The latter dose was determined by others to be maximally natriuretic in the dog. An adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) fraction highly sensitive to ouabain in vivo , but with little sensitivity to ouabain in vitro , was prepared separately from cortex and outer medulla. Ethacrynic acid inhibited the ATPase activity from both portions of the kidney in a dose-dependent manner. The time of recovery of the enzyme activity was also dose dependent and was complete for the 5 mg/kg dose in 100 minutes. This correlates with the known short duration of diuresis induced by the drug. There was only little additional enzyme inhibition in kidneys pretreated with ouabain indicating that ethacrynic acid inhibited mainly the Na+ + K+ ATPase. This correlates with the previous observation that ethacrynic acid has no further natriuretic effect in a ouabain-inhibited kidney. In the rat treated with ethacrynic acid no enzyme inhibition was detected 15 to 25 minutes after doses of 1 or 5 mg/kg i.v.; similar doses are known to lack a diuretic effect in this species. Despite this fact, the enzyme preparation from rat kidneys was as sensitive to ethacrynic acid in vitro as was the preparation from dog kidney. The reversibility of Na+ + K+ ATPase inhibition by ethacrynic acid was tested in microsomal preparations which were highly sensitive to ouabain in vitro . In these preparations from the dog kidney, the inhibition by ethacrynic acid had irreversible characteristics according to Ackermann-Potter analysis, but the enzyme from rat kidneys behaved according to the kinetics of reversible inhibition, even after preincubation. We conclude that the natriuretic receptor for ethacrynic acid is likely to be the Na+ + K+ ATPase. The relative resistance of the rat to ethacrynic acid may be due to the reversible nature of the enzyme inhibition in this species.


THE recently adopted Program of the CPSU provides significant clues about the intended shape of Soviet society. The new meaning of "communism" may be discovered if one notes what the Soviet leaders have chosen to reaffirm and, more importantly, what they have chosen to reinterpret from their past programmatic pronouncements. Communism is still pictured as a society permitting the total fulfillment of man, creating, in the words of the Program, "a new man who will harmoniously combine spiritual wealth, moral purity and a perfect physique." Reiterating a familiar pledge, the Program promises that with the elimination of "the essential distinctions" between urban and rural life, as well as between mental and manual labor, society will give birth to the new, well-rounded Communist man. Then it will be possible for the intelligentsia to disappear as a distinct social stratum, "since manual workers will have risen in their cultural and technological level to the level of mental workers."l Traditionally Communist theory has held that bourgeois society has perverted man's human nature. It has fragmented the whole man into a dehumanized unit of production, permanently tied to a monotonous, repetitive productive process that alienates man from the object of his work, from his fellow human beings and, ultimately, from his own true nature as an individual. It remains for Communist society to restore the wholeness of man.


A 7-year-old female presented with syncope attack when she cried and the symptoms gradually deteriorated.She consulted our hospital in 2001. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated cerebral infarctions atthe bilateral frontal lobes. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed Moyamoya disease stage ㈽.Bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) was performed. The postoperative course was good and thesymptoms disappeared. In May 2005, she felt general fatigue and was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) based on a typical malar rash, a positive antinuclear antibody, and high titer anti-double-strandDNA. She was treated with systemic steroid administration.Key Words: moyamoya disease, SLE, EDAS


Debates about geographical practice in Europe are explored through the spaces and practices of an undergraduate field-course in the Costa Blanca in Spain. Students encounter 'Spain' and 'Europe' through diversely embodied engagements and material encounters with familiarity and difference, inclusion and exclusion, which offer possibilities for de-centring dominant Anglo-American geographies and understanding the diverse practices which produce geographical knowledges.


Abstract The creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a seminal event in China's recent history. The AIIB is the first multinational financial institution instigated by China. The broad opportunity for soft power influence for China is clear. Less clear are the specifics on how or what this soft power opportunity will mean and how it will be delivered. This article examines the core phrase/narrative developed by China to describe the AIIB, which is that this institution will be 'lean, clean and green'. This narrative is explored using the framework developed by Miskimmon, O'Loughlin and Roselle. This article presumes that China's expression that the AIIB is a 'lean, clean and green' institution is not simply a superficial phrase. Therefore the article holds China accountable for the policy contours and promises it has made in relation to the AIIB. However, this article's aim is primarily to explore the hopeful and real opportunities for China to realise soft power and international leadership in this phrasing of 'lean, clean and green'. This can be realised if this narrative, created by China, is used authentically to support the AIIB's institutional operations and future projects. Conversely, if this phrase is superficially applied, there will be a risk of the loss of soft power through the international communities' perception of inauthenticity.


We conducted a bibliometric and content analysis of research on health inequalities produced in Latin American and Caribbean countries. In our bibliometric analysis (n = 576), we used indexed material published between 1971 and 2000. The content analysis (n = 269) covered the period 1971 to 1995 and included unpublished material. We found recent rapid growth in overall output. Brazil, Chile, and Mexico contributed mostly empirical research, while Ecuador and Argentina produced more conceptual studies. We found, in the literature reviewed, a relative neglect of gender, race, and ethnicity issues. We also found remarkable diversity in research designs, however, along with strong consideration of ecological and ethnographic methods absent in other research traditions.


Four types of tungsten trioxide (WO3) particles (spherical, disk, cuboid, and hexagonal) were prepared and WO3 thick film sensors were fabricated by dropping suspensions containing the obtained various WO3 powders on Au comb-type microelectrodes. The sensing properties to 0.05-ppm NO2 revealed that a cuboid WO3 film sensor had the best response-recovery characteristics with the 90 % response and 90 % recovery times of 1.3 and 0.9 min at 200 °C, respectively. On the other hand, a hexagonal WO3 film sensor showed extremely high sensor response even to 0.01-ppm NO2 at 200 °C, but the sensor response fluctuated greatly over the operating temperature range from 80 to 300 °C. Practical evaluation of the cuboid WO3 thick film sensor in a roadside atmosphere was carried out and it was demonstrated that the evaluated values for the sensor unit had accuracy and resolution equivalent to CLD (Chemical Luminescence Detection) without any maintenance and calibration for 10 weeks.


These guidelines describe methods for the evaluation of treatment services and systems for substance use disorders. The guides are intended to be a companion resource to the WHO/UNDCP/EMCDDA workbook series on the evaluation of costs and effects of treatment for substance use disorders. The main audience is policy makers, commisioners of treatment services and treatment agency personnel who want to know more about research evaluation and commission or undertake evaluation studies. The guidelines are intended to be of particular interest for countries where research and evaluation in this area is not widely developed. The aim here is to offer a concise description of the main evaluation methods and to encourage users to adopt evaluation methods to help develop and maintain effective and efficient treatment servies and treatment systems.


In cold regions, rivers may be partially or completely ice covered during a good part of the year. Under these conditions, heat transfer between the river flow and the atmosphere occurs simultaneously at the ice-air and ice-water interfaces of the ice cover. Heat flux from the water to the ice is the most dominant factor in the growth and decay processes of the river ice. A proper evaluation of the heat transfer coefficient at the ice-water interface is the key for an accurate computation of the heat flux and, consequently, for determining ice-cover melting. A variable heat transfer coefficient for both the entry region and for the fully established flow region was derived. The effects of this coefficient on the computation of ice-cover melting are addressed in this paper through the use of a two-dimensional numerical model. The new approach as well as other constant empirical equations used to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient were respectively used in the model to examine their effects on ice melting. Results of computations using the new approach were in a better overall agreement with experimental observations, including the leading edge region.


The structure of bonellin, the physiologically active pigment of the marine echurian worm Bonellia viridis, has been established as (10a), a unique type of alkylated chlorin, by a combination of physical methods. The structure was confirmed by an X-ray crystallographic study on anhydrobonellin methyl ester (12b).Bonellin is accompanied in the organism by a series of mono-amino-acid conjugate derivatives of general structure (14a) in which valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine are the major amino-acid constituents.


Desmoplastic infantile or non-infantile tumors (DIT/DNIT) were first described in 1987 (1) and are rare supratentorial brain tumors (2). These tumors involve a desmoplastic reaction with a dura mater adherent portion. The cellular areas of the tumor are characterized by neural cells of variable degrees of maturation (3), which differentiate desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma and astrocytoma. They are classified together in the World Health Organization classification as grade I (benign) (4). The reported typical imaging features of DIT/DNIT are supratentorial masses with a large cystic portion, small peripheral solid portion with contrast enhancement, predilection for frontal and parietal lobes, and meningeal enhancement suggesting dural attachment (5, 6). However, since initially reported, more tumor cases with atypical imaging findings have been reported including tumors with less cystic and more solid portions, location outside the supratentorium, and no dural attachment (7-16). To the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically reviewed MR images of infratentorial DIT/DNIT including both posterior fossa and spinal cord. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the MR imaging features of infratentorial DIT/DNIT Imaging Features of Infratentorial Desmoplastic Infantile and Non-Infantile Tumors 천막하부 결합조직형성의 영아성 그리고 비영아성 종양의 영상 소견


A phylogenetic study of the four sections (Aporum, Crumenata, Strongyle, and Bolbidium) of the genus Dendrobium (family Orchidaceae) was conducted by using molecular markers. One of the three largest orchid genera in the family Orchidaceae is the genus Dendrobium with an estimated 1580 species worldwide. In Malaysia, there are more than 250 species of which 86 species are found in Peninsular Malaysia. This genus is distributed from South- East Asia, west to the Himalayas, east to Japan, and south to the Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Australia. Dendrobiums are one of the most popular orchids for their medicinal and commercial values. These plants favor the tropical regions with high annual rainfall and without a significant dry season for growth. Classifications based on morphological characters have not been able to clearly divide these four sections and neither do they support their monophyletic origins.
Therefore, detailed analysis using molecular data is required to ascertain their status. In this study, 22 fresh samples of the Dendrobium species were collected and sixteen of them was identified to the species level, whereas the other six were not able to be identified due to the lack of flowering structures that can aid identification. To date, there is no study on the phylogenetic relationship among species of the four sections of the genus Dendrobium in Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, morphological characters combined with molecular evidence were used to clarify their relationships either to lump them together into one section or to reduce them into two sections or to maintain them in their current sections. Morphological analyses were conducted on the species of the genus Dendrobium belonging to the four sections (Aporum, Crumenata, Strongyle and Bolbidium) and the other belonging to the three sections (Dendrobium, Callista and Latouria), which are closely related to them. Molecular studies were carried out for the species of the genus Dendrobium using two phylogenetic analysis methods, Neighbor Joining Method (NJ) as the Distance method and Maximum Parsimony (MP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analysis (BI) as character-based method. Seven nucleotide sequence data sets from three distinct genomes, chloroplast DNA genes (rbcL, matK, and trnL-F), nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), and low copy nuclear gene (Xdh) were used to construct the cladograms. In addition, the nucleotide sequences of selected genetic markers for some species of the genus Dendrobium were also retrieved from the NCBI database to facilitate the analysis.
The morphological analysis showed that sections Aporum, Crumenata, Strongyle and Bolbidium formed a monophyletic group compared to three other sections Dendrobium, Callista and Lautoria. The results demonstrated that sections Aporum, Crumenata, and Strongyle were close to one another and were grouped into one clade. Although section Bolbidium was close to them, it formed a different clade by itself. The three other sections included in the analysis formed a separated clade from these four sections. Molecular data showed similar results that supported the four sections forming a monophyletic group, but the relationships among the sections were different when compared to the morphological result. Through molecular study, phylogenetic trees for chloroplast markers, nuclear gene markers and a combination of these markers were constructed based on different phylogenetic analysis methods (MP, ML, BI) using different softwares (PAUP*4.0 B 10, Mr Bayes 3.1.1. and Mega 5). Individual and combined analysis of the five gene regions (rbcL, matK, trnL-F, nrITS and Xdh) supported the monophyletic status (Boot strap Replicate and Posterior Probability more than 90%) of four sections (Aporum, Crumenata, Strongyle and Bolbidium) compared to the other three sections (Dendrobium, Callista and Latouria).
Most of the ML and BI trees were congruent, whereas the MP trees showed different results. The phylogenetic trees revealed differences among the four sections, but overall, the molecular analyses showed close relationships between sections Aporum and Stongyle, and sections Crumenata and Bolbidium. However, some analyses showed the closeness among three sections Aporum, Strongyle and Bolbidium or among sections Crumenata, Strongyle and Bolbidium. Nevertheless, it was observed that sections Aporum and Strongyle were grouped together in most of the trees.
The combined results of two gene regions; Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and low copy nuclear gene (Xdh) showed that the nuclear genes are more reliable markers for the phylogenetic study of Dendrobium compared to the chloroplast DNA with a low level of resolution among the sections. The results from the nuclear markers suggested that the four sections are probably best considered as one section instead of four. Based on the ICBN rules, the name Aporum has a priority to be used for this new classification.


The possibility of obtaining Mn—Zn-ferrite 2000 NM on the short process flow, which differs from the usual lack of diffusion operations roasting and grinding. It is shown that the use of the basic composition in sintering processes develop secondary recrystallization and zonal isolation, leading to the formation of highly inhomogeneous microstructure obtained with low values of the magnetic permeability. A homogeneous microstructure characteristic recrystallization, managed by doping copper oxide and zinc. By doping CuO permeability far from the desired value, but its temperature coefficient is small. By doping ZnO reached the desired value of magnetic permeability, but dramatically increases its temperature coefficient.The optimum combination of the magnetic parameters obtained in complex copper oxides doped ferrite and zinc.