Previous research has shown that the 1877/78 El Niño resulted in great famine events around the world. However, the strength and statistical significance of this El Niño event have not been fully addressed, largely due to the lack of data. We take a closer look at the data using an ensemble analysis of the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5). The ERSSTv5 standard run indicates a strong El Niño event with a peak monthly value of the Niño-3 index of 3.5°C during 1877/78, stronger than those during 1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16. However, an analysis of the ERSSTv5 ensemble runs indicates that the strength and significance (uncertainty estimates) depend on the construction of the ensembles. A 1000-member ensemble analysis shows that the ensemble mean Niño-3 index has a much weaker peak of 1.8°C, and its uncertainty is much larger during 1877/78 (2.8°C) than during 1982/83 (0.3°C), 1997/98 (0.2°C), and 2015/16 (0.1°C). Further, the large uncertainty during 1877/78 is associated with selections of a short (1 month) period of raw-data filter and a large (20%) acceptance criterion of empirical orthogonal teleconnection modes in the ERSSTv5 reconstruction. By adjusting these two parameters, the uncertainty during 1877/78 decreases to 0.5°C, while the peak monthly value of the Niño-3 index in the ensemble mean increases to 2.8°C, suggesting a strong and statistically significant 1877/78 El Niño event. The adjustment of those two parameters is validated by masking the modern observations of 1981–2017 to 1861–97. Based on the estimated uncertainties, the differences among the strength of these four major El Niño events are not statistically significant.


Coupled GaAs/GaAlAs rings have been fabricated using electron‐beam lithography and wet chemical etching. We report the first observation of conductance steps associated with e2/h in etched structures, and clear Aharonov–Bohm oscillations in multiple rings connected in parallel. The amplitude of the oscillations is found to be dependent on the number of rings indicating the possibility of phase coupling between electrons traversing different rings.


There is a sense of déjà vu for those of us involved in pancreatic cancer research. Many of us have had the opportunity to witness the buildup leading to spectacular discoveries of major genes in studies of hereditary colorectal cancer and breast cancer families. In the same way, we are tackling pancreatic cancer through the use of high-risk pedigrees, a task that is much more difficult with a malignancy that is no more than one-fifth as common as and much more deadly than breast or colorectal cancers (1). Our experiences also parallel those of researchers who are searching for a major hereditary prostate cancer gene but are instead finding that multiple genes, each of modest effect, may tell the story of that disease. In the case of familial pancreatic cancer (FPC), we have not yet identified hypothesized novel major genes, but this research is in its infancy. The study reported by Hahn et al. (2) in this issue of the Journal is an illustration of a critical early strategy that is both logical and possible at this stage of our understanding of FPC. By capitalizing on existing information through studies of plausible candidate genes, we add to our knowledge base and gain more insight into what we do not know, thereby allowing us to design our next moves. Hahn et al. (2) have provided more evidence that known cancer predisposition genes may comprise a sizable fraction of the entity known as FPC, for which, interestingly, there is no formally agreed-upon definition. To date, the community of researchers who investigate the pedigrees of patients with pancreatic cancer is relatively limited, and the criteria used to identify families eligible for research into this disease can vary depending on the size of the study and the nature of the ascertainment methods. In 1998, we proposed that families that contained two or more first-degree relatives with pancreatic cancer constitute those with FPC (3). Although this arbitrary guideline has generally been used by other researchers, including Hahn et al., we all recognize that some patients with germline mutations in cancer-causing genes do not have a family history of cancer (4). The infrequent occurrence of FPC has mandated the development of patient and family registries to pool scarce study resources. In North America, the National Familial Pancreatic Tumor Registry (NFPTR) (1,3) and collaborations such as the Pancreatic Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Consortium (PACGENE) have been funded by the U.S. National Cancer Institute. In Europe, data from the German Cancer Foundation and the European Registry of Hereditary Pancreatitis and Familial Pancreatic Cancer (EUROPAC) form the basis for the study by Hahn et al. (2). The main finding by this European collaboration is that germline BRCA2 mutations may be found in at least 12% (and as much as 19%) of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who have at least one first-degree relative with confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. BRCA2 is an important gene in which mutations are associated with hereditary breast cancer syndrome, and it has long been recognized that pancreatic cancer risk is increased in some families that segregate mutations of BRCA2 [reviewed in (5)]. The observation that a substantial portion of pancreatic cancer case patients with a positive family history of the disease may carry BRCA2 mutations is consistent with the results of two previous reports, each of which varied in the way the family sample was constructed. Lal et al. (6) selected 38 of 113 newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients for BRCA2 mutation analysis on the basis of suggestive family histories, the age of cancer onset, or the presence of multiple primary cancers. Of the tested sample, two (25%) of eight high-risk/familial case patients were found to carry the germline BRCA2 mutation 6174delT, whereas only one (3%) of the 30 remaining (i.e., "intermediate" risk) case patients also carried this mutation. Murphy et al. (7) analyzed DNA from 29 probands of kindreds in the NFPTR that contained at least three members affected with pancreatic cancer, at least two of which were first-degree relatives, and found that five (17%) probands had germline BRCA2 mutations, of which three were 6174delT. Although in both studies the carriers of this mutation were of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, only families in the former study showed evidence for hereditary breast cancer. The sample studied by Hahn et al. did not contain subjects known to be of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, and the study was limited to families with two or more histologically confirmed cases of primary ductal adenocarcinoma in the pancreas. Unlike the approaches used in the earlier two studies, this approach would potentially enlarge the pool of eligible families to include those meeting our arbitrary definition of FPC. Hahn et al. identified six BRCA2 mutations in five of the 26 eligible FPC patients; three of the mutations (in 12% of the analyzed sample) are presumably deleterious because they are predicted to result in a truncated Brca2 protein and have not been previously reported in this context. Thus, it is of interest that analysis of a new sample of families with FPC, none of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, but more broadly (yet carefully) defined than the samples in the Lal et al. (6) or Murphy et al. (7) studies, would show that the proportion of BRCA2 mutation carriers is within the same order of magnitude as in those studies. This consistency suggests that BRCA2 is an important gene that must be considered in sorting out the heterogeneity of FPC, but raises further questions. Two will be considered here. From an etiologic perspective, we still do not know what proportion of FPC is attributable to single major genes or what proportion of these single major genes are known and how they might interact with known environmental risk factors, such as cigarette smoking. A recent segregation analysis among 287 pedigrees by Klein et al. (8) provided the first formal evidence for a rare major gene in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. This gene behaves in an autosomal dominant fashion. However, the role of smoking in the manifestation of the cancer phenotype remains in question. Furthermore, the putative "major gene"


The Iban make up one third of the Sarawakian population and are the largest indigenous ethnic group in Sarawak, Malaysia. As with other ethnicities in the nationstate, modernity has presented challenges for socio-cultural development and lifestyle of Iban people. The objective of this paper is to examine how modernity has historically shaped developments in the industry of Iban popular music. Historically, the Iban are a cultural group located geographically and politically on the periphery of the multi-cultural nation of Malaysia. Throughout much of the 20th century, the music industry has experienced a rapid embrace of modernity through the nation to the detriment of traditional practices in culture in order to adapt them in the era of modernization. Hence, the Iban society had gone through a state of flux where people have gone through the process of readapting themselves in meeting the demanding challenges of Malaysian nationalism. Drawing upon alternative conceptions of modernity to evaluate how the Iban reference both a national as well as a local music industry particularly through their use of language as an expression of Iban. Changes in Iban society through political and economic modernization had led to the emergence of Iban popular music industry because of relative exposure to agents of change such as the influence through Christian missionary and education. This reflects how the Iban react and reflect in adaptation of modern demands of change as a result of the effects of historical processes on the social, cultural and physical environments.


Law enforcement by deliberation and consensus or Restorative Justice System conducted by the Police and Community Partnership Forum is another police effort in law enforcement beyond the law enforcement in conformity through the District Court. Problems reviewed: 1) What is the legal aspect of the Police and Community Partnership Forum? 2) What is the benefit of the implementation of a criminal case settlement through Deliberation and Consensus or Restorative Justice for society and the State? 3) What are the obstacles faced by the process? The research that the authors do is a sociological law study and the approaches used include actual daily practice approaches or empirical statutes, conceptual approaches and comparative approaches. The deliberative and consensus-based policy on the settlement of criminal disputes in Indonesia has not been largely regulated while most of the settlement of criminal disputes are resolved conspicuously through the general criminal court of the District Court. However, in daily practice in the Semarang city community, there is a criminal dispute settlement through the deliberative and consensus process / Restorative Justice that is pioneered by the Police and Community Partnership Forum. Restorative Justice's policy in criminal cases has not been set in Indonesia's positive law, but the future will show the development and attention of Restorative Justice as an alternative judiciary, evidenced by its accommodation in the judicial law of a child. The conclusion is that in real life practice there has been a criminal case settlement through the "Restorative Justice System" pioneered by the Police and Community Partnership Forum, this is a manifestation of the practice of Pancasila values.


The present invention addresses the problem of providing a predictive marker useful for carcinogenesis surveillance after hepatitis C viral clearance. Provided is a predictive marker comprising a single-nucleotide polymorphism specified by rs17047200. In the present invention, the abovementioned single-nucleotide polymorphism is detected in a nucleic acid specimen collected from a subject, and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma onset after hepatitis C viral clearance is examined.


The Qin Bamboo Slips about the law of Qin Dynasty, unearthed from Shuihudi in Yunmeng of Hubei province in December 1975, provide the most precious firsthand data for studying the Qin Dynasty's history, particularly the history of its legal system. According to the Qin Bamboo Slips and other relevant historical data, this article holds initial discussions to the Qin Dynasty redeeming punishment system , from the kinds of penalties that can be redeemed, the ways of redeeming, the limits of redeeming, and the management about the criminals whose punishment was redeemed.


In infections caused by gram‐negative bacteria, the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acts as a potent pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that triggers the innate immune system. This is accomplished by two pattern recognition receptor systems. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) senses extracellular LPS and induces a broad pro‐inflammatory transcriptional program and also antiviral interferons. A complementary system detects intracellular LPS. As such, upon its release into the cytoplasm, LPS can directly engage the protease caspase‐4 (caspase‐11 in the murine system) and thereby trigger a pro‐inflammatory cell death program known as pyroptosis (Rathinam et al, 2019). This is mediated by active caspase‐4 cleaving its substrate gasdermin D (GSDMD). The thereby released N‐terminal fragment of GSDMD inserts into the cell membrane and forms a cytotoxic pore. As a consequence, the cell ruptures and releases its pro‐inflammatory content. In addition, the GSDMD pore results in potassium efflux that can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 in turn activates caspase‐1, which matures pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18, further perpetuating the inflammatory nature of this cell death. Given its unconventional mode of NLRP3 activation, this pathway has been coined the non‐canonical inflammasome.


In contrast to the technocentric emphasis on new irrigation infrastructure that has been the hallmark of Tanzania's climate change adaptation policy, this paper examines challenges for local management of existing 'traditional' small-scale water resources through community-engaged research that is grounded in the emerging methods of community-based adaptation. We examine the shifting local institutional arrangements during the colonial and postcolonial periods that have shaped the social dynamics of climate risk and water resources management in the North Pare highlands. Secondly, we examine contemporary water use and management and perceptions of change in the North Pare highlands, where smallholder farmers manage water resources to fulfill domestic and other requirements of an intensively cultivated landscape. Last, we draw on community mapping and assessment of small-scale water resources to identify options for future action at community level. Our findings highlight a set of embedded institutional concerns that confront communities evaluating future trajectories of climate change adaptation.


In this study, a multi-phase model update approach for system identification of real railway bridge using vibration test results is present. First, a multi-phase system identification scheme designed on the basis of eigenvalue sensitivity concept is proposed. Next, the proposed multi-phase approach is evaluated from field vibration tests on Wondongcheon bridge which is a steel girder railway bridge located in Yangsan, South Korea. On the bridge, a few natural frequencies and mode shapes are experimentally measured under the excitation of trains, ambient vibration and free vibration. The corresponding modal parameters are numerically calculated from a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model which is established for the target bridge. Eigenvalue sensitivities are analyzed for potential model-updating parameters of the FE model. Then, structural subsystems are identified phase-by-phase using the proposed model update procedure. Based on model update results, a baseline model of the Wondongcheon railway bridge is identified.


Introduction/Aim: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women worldwide and one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the trends in mortality rates of colorectal cancer in central Serbia in the period 1999-2014. Methods: Mortality data for colorectal cancer, for the period 1999 - 2014, were taken from the of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia " Dr Milan Jovanovic - Batut". Joinpoint regression analysis was used to estimate annual percent changes (APCs) in mortality and to identify critical stages in time where significant changes in trend occurred. Results: In central Serbia, in the period between 1999 and 2014, colorectal cancer was the second most common cause of mortality in both men and women. The average standardized mortality rate was 18.2 in men (per 100,000) and 10.5 in women (per 100,000). Rates were 1.7 times higher in men, with a remarkable annual increase of colorectal cancer mortality rate of 1.3% in the period 1999-2014, while in women the mortality rates were steady. In men, a significant increase in mortality rates was present in colon (APC 1.8%) as well as in rectosigmoidal junction cancer (APC 3.3%). Rise of 1.7% was present in colon carcinoma in men 35-74 years of age as well as an increase both in men and women 75 years of age and older in the period 1999-2014. Conclusion: Findings of present study revealed increasing mortality rates of colorectal cancer in Serbia. The implementation of nationally organized screening programmes is of paramount importance and should be conducted with higher efficacy in Serbia. Primary prevention measures should mainly focus on maintaining healthy body weight and a balanced diet as well as smoking and alcohol cessation.


The development of systems for the deterministic transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials have undoubtedly contributed to great advancements in 2D materials research. In fact, they have made it possible to fabricate van der Waals heterostructures and 2D materials-based devices with complex architectures. Nonetheless, as far as we know, the number of existing papers providing enough details to reproduce these systems by other research groups is very scarce in the literature. Moreover, these systems typically require the use of expensive optical and mechanical components hampering their applicability in research groups with a low budget. Here, we demonstrate how a deterministic placement system for 2D materials, set up with full capabilities, can be implemented for under 900 € -- which can be easily implemented in labs and educational labs with low budgets.


This paper outlines the methodology of blast fragmentation modeling undertaken for a green field feasibility study at the Riska gold deposit in Indonesia. The favoured milling process for the feasibility study was dump leaching,with no crushing of the ore material extracted from the pit. For this reason,blast fragmentation was a critical issue to be addressed by the study. A range of blast designs were considered with bench heights and blasthole diameters ranging from 4 m to 7 m and 76 mm to 102 mm respectively. Rock mass data was obtained from 19 diamond drill cores across the deposit (total drill length approximately 2200 m). Intact rock strength was estimated from qualitative strength descriptors,while the in situ block size distribution of the rock mass was estimated from the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of the core.


There are theory, practice, and history, in any science. This chapter sums up KEWT data-sets empirically from the viewpoint of economic stages and growth. The economic stages, however, are transparent historically and philosophically. Since Smith Adam (1776), almost two centuries and a half have passed. Except for the last half century, scholars and economists had studied and solved economic growth problems, without national accounts calculation system. Economic theories, nevertheless, had progress strongly step by step, like weeds, without fertilizer or tests for theories. In the meantime, leaders and people had experienced the Industrial Revolution for the first time in human history. It is surprising for scholars to create economic theories decade after decade, even in the times of no statistical-data.


(57) Abstract: discloses oxygen tuyeres front end forming the optimal penetration depth holding device and the holding method of the molten pig iron production facility of using non-coking coal. Penetration depth laser (2) is a sensor for use provided for measuring, connected to the computer (3) for comparing the received signal with a predetermined optimum value. The pressure in the melting gasifier (11) depends on the penetration depth is controlled by changing the opening of the scrubber cone (4). The method can correspond to aggressively various changes. In this way, penetration depth, oxygen volume flow rate, changes in the flow rate, concerning the application pressure of ToruToru gasifier (11) for controlling the blowing speed of the construction materials and oxygen coal packed bed, the optimum It is held in.


How do policy‐makers and journalists accumulate symbolic capital in terms of their strategic positioning in relation to policy making? How do they negotiate their impact on policy making across fields? How do they gain access to information, and how is this information constructed in terms of education and schooling? This paper focuses on Bourdieu's concepts of symbolic capital and field to analyse 17 interviews with former Canadian ministers of education, premiers, senior bureaucrats and journalists. This paper argues that journalism and educational policy making are separate but have structural points of convergence. The study concludes that issues of electoral and news cycles and the politics of recognition within the fields of journalism and government educational policy making are crucial to understanding what counts for common sense educational policy.


When man and woman pray adjacent to each other in a congregational prayer under certain conditions, this constitutes the phenomenon referred to in classical manuals of Islamic law as muḥāḏāt (adjacency with women). There are various scenarios under which muḥāḏāt can lead either the invalidation of the prayer of the man or the woman or even worse all the participants. The sababs (reasons) behind the relevant legal rulings on muḥāḏāt in its various scenarios are outlined in detail in classical manuals of the Ḥanafī school, which will also be presented here briefly. This paper, however, seeks to find out the ḥikma (the philosophy of law), as opposed to, the sabab, behind invalidation of prayer in congregational prayer in cases of muḥāḏāt. In fact, it particularly attempts to answer, for the first time in literature, the question of why the prayer of a man praying adjacent to a woman becomes invalid if they pray in congregation and yet it remains valid if they pray by themselves even when they pray adjacent to each other. Similarly, despite being performed in congregation, why does not adjacency cause invalidation of prayer in funeral prayers. What is it with congregational regular prayers that makes the difference? This question seems to have never been asked in the previous literature and thus constitutes an important gap. In an effort to fill this gap, this paper, falling back upon classical manuals of Ḥanafī Fiqh, argues that this seems to have much to do with the legal ruling on ištibāh (doubtfulness) with regard to the position of the imām in congregational prayers, which requires participants to maintain sight of the imām directly or indirectly, which, as will be illustrated, seems to be hindered when muḥāḏāt occurs, thus causing the invalidation of prayer. Filling this gap becomes urgent and relevant especially when one considers the fact that this gap has been misused in recent scholarship to accuse Ḥanafīs of not relying on the Qurʾān and the Sunna for law-making in Islamic law and instead simply repeating the laws that existed before. It was also maintained by some contemporary scholars, again partly by using this gap in the literature, that uṣūl al-fiqh was used not to derive laws from the sources of Islamic law, the primary ones of which are Qurʾān and the Sunna, as claimed by classical jurists, but rather to cover up this surreptitious use of existing laws and then making them appear as laws derived from the Qurʾān and the Sunna. By exploring the philosophy of law behind the legal ruling on muḥāḏāt, the present work illustrates that these accusations have no basis. Finally, revealing the relationship between ištibāh and muḥāḏāt al-nisāʾ for the first time also has the cumulative effect of substantiating idea that it is far more objective and feasible to rely on sabab (reason) or ʿilla (ratio legis), whichever applies, as opposed to ḥikma (the philosophy of law) in deriving laws from the sources of Islamic law.


Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate computation, networking and physical processes to produce products that are autonomous, intelligent, connected and collaborative. Resulting Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) have unprecedented capabilities but also unprecedented corresponding technological complexity. This paper aims to improve understanding, awareness and methods to deal with the increasing complexity by calling for the establishment of new foundations, knowledge and methodologies. We describe causes and effects of complexity, both in general and specific to CPS, consider the evolution of complexity, and identify limitations of current methodologies and organizations for dealing with future CPS. The lack of a systematic treatment of uncertain complex environments and "composability", i.e., to integrate components of a CPS without negative side effects, represent overarching limitations of existing methodologies. Dealing with future CPSoS requires: (i) increased awareness of complexity, its impact and best practices for how to deal with it, (ii) research to establish new knowledge, methods and tools for CPS engineering, and (iii) research into organizational approaches and processes to adopt new methodologies and permit efficient collaboration within and across large teams of humans supported by increasingly automated computer aided engineering systems.


Approximation techniques for estimating stochastic parameters of the non-homogeneous Poisson (NHP) model are presented. The NHP model is characterized by a two-parameter cumulative probability distribution function (CDF) of sediment displacement. These two parameters are, respectively, the temporal and spatial intensity functions physically representing the inverse of average rest period and step length of sediment particles. The NHP model is mathematically an improvement over the earlier homogeneous model initiated by Einstein in 1937, however, difficulty of estimating parameters has set limitations on its applications. The approximation techniques are proposed to address such problem. The basic idea of the method is to approximate a model involving stochastic parameters by Taylor series expansion which preserving certain higher-order terms of interest. With the input of physically measured data, model parameters can be determined through a system of equations simplified by the approximation technique. The parameters so determined are used to predict the cumulative probability of sediment distribution. Flume studies of sediment transport in gravel bed are carried out for verification. The computation results obtained with the firstand second-order approximated parameters are compared. The second-order results explicitly reveal a better coincidence with the physical data. The average gross error of the results gained from second-order approximation method is 47% less than that of first-order results. Analyses on the error of estimated parameters and the computation error resulting from the use of an approximate parameter are also performed. 1: Assistant Professor and Research Fellow, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Hydrotech Research Institute, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2: Deputy Secretary – General, ICID Chinese Taipei Committee, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.


After the concept of fracture mechanics was applied to fatigue crack propagation by Paris. Paris' law is widely used to predict fatigue crack growth behavior. Since Elber proposed the effective stress intensity factor(SIF) and showed a good agreement with experimental results using the proposed SIF, emphasis in crack propagation studies has been placed on measuring the effective stress range ratio. This paper proposes a numerical model to simulate the crack closure and propagation behaviour under various loading spectrum. The validity of the proposed model is checked by comparing with the Toyosada numerical solutions on the crack propagation behaviour. Important insights developed are summarized.


Information markets have proven to be so remarkably accurate at predicting a wide range of events, from presidential elections to Oscar winners, that scholars are challenged to examine the potential for using this innovative tool in other areas. This book brings together nine leading scholars to evaluate the applicability of information markets to the work of policymakers, non-profit organizations, and the private sector.


The This study is objected to describe the decomposition of meaning that includes distortion, narrowing and expansion as well as omissions in the translation of cultural terms in a novel titled alfu laylah wa laylah along with their impact on target text. This research utilized a descriptive method with a qualitative research approach. The data collection method used in several stages, as follow: 1) reading the entire contents of the novel; 2) identifying; 3) recording and; 4) giving code and page on each data. The data were subsequently analyzed in several steps including 1) classifying the types of cultural terms in the novel; 2) identifying the meaning of cultural terms in source language and target language; 3) comparing two words in source language and target language; 4) interpreting the findings in form of analysis. It was 29 data found, there were seven cultural terms that experience meaning distortion, twelve with narrowing and expansion of meaning, and ten others underwent omission. In conclusion, four factors of information reduction result in loss.


Discontinuous nitride read only memory storage unit, at least comprising: a substrate; a first and a second stack gate NO NO stack gate, formed on the substrate, wherein the gate electrode is constituted by a laminate NO N nitride layer and the oxide layer is composed; oxide layer is formed to cover the first and second gate stacked NO NO stack gate on a substrate; a polysilicon layer, is formed on the oxide layer; and a source / drain formed within the substrate and adjacent to the first and second gate stacked NO NO stack gate. A read only memory structure of the memory cell discontinuous nitride of the present invention can solve the electrons are trapped into the nitride layer of the problem, and can accurately control the relative position of the source / drain structure and NO.


Cenozoic topographic rejuvenation of divergent continental margins and their cratonic hinterland is a matter of debate. For instance, continental scale tilt has been advocated as a cause of Late Cenozoic relief growth of the Indian Peninsula. Our work aims at providing independent geomorphological constraints to test such assertions. The western margin of the Peninsula bears the Western Ghats Escarpment (WGE), which carves both Precambrian rocks and 65 Ma old Deccan Traps. The escarpment separates a narrow coastal lowland plain drained to the Arabian Sea from a highland plateau drained towards the Bengal Sea. Alternating and coupled chemical weathering and erosion led to formation and dissection of lateritic paleolandscapes preserved both sides of the WGE. In the highland, the relicts of three distinctive lateritic surfaces are recognized. They formed successively from ∼ 53 Ma to ∼ 23 Ma on the basis of ages obtained by Ar-Ar dating of K-rich manganese oxides [1]. The first surface is topped by a duricrust rich in Al (bauxite) forming mesas at altitudes of 960 to 1400 m. The second surface called "Intermediate" is mantled by a ferricrete, whose relicts remain ∼ 100 m below the bauxite at altitudes of ∼ 850 to 1250 m. The third surface corresponds to the relicts of a lateritic pediment, which may be capped by a ferricrete at altitudes of 600 to 900 m. Three lateritic surfaces have been documented in the lowland. The Ar-Ar ages obtained indicate common lateritic weathering in both the highland and the lowland between at 53-45 Ma, then a divergence later on [1]. The oldest remnants of lateritic surface in the lowland are preserved at maximum elevation of 400-500 m close to the WGE and correspond to a pediment. This ancient landform was re-altered at 24-19 Ma to form residual hills of the "Intermediate" relief (ca. 350-200 m). A younger pediment formed around the residual hills and is preserved at ca. 150-50 m elevation. Relicts' elevations of the three surfaces have been retrieved in both the lowland and the highland to reconstruct successive topographies across the WGE and estimate relief evolution and erosion budgets for major time steps. The results suggest that the denudation did not exceed 10 m/my in the Highland since 45 Ma, and is less than 11 m/my since mitigation of chemical weathering ca. 23 Ma ago. In the lowland, denudation was limited to 5 m/my since 45 Ma and less than 6 m/my since ∼ 19 Ma, implying negligible reworking of the WGE, which stabilized at least 50 Ma ago [2]. These results have major implications for relief evolution of South India. They imply very low relief growth since the Eocene and do not require a tilt of the Peninsula. They further put constraints on sedimentary supplies to both margins of the Peninsula over the last 50 Ma.


The aim of this paper was to assess the total antioxidant capacity of some commercial fruit juices (namely citrus), spectrophotometrically and by the biamperometric method, using the redox couple DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)/DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine). Trolox® was chosen as a standard antioxidant. In the case of the spectrophometric method, the absorbance decrease of the DPPH· solution was followed. For the biamperometric method, the influence of some parameters like the potential diference, ΔE, DPPH· concentration, and Trolox® concentration was investigated. The calibration graph obtained for Trolox® presents linearity between 5 and 30 µM, (y = 0.059 x + 0.0564, where y represents the value of current intensity, expressed as μA and x the value of Trolox® concentration, expressed as μM; r2 = 0.9944). The R.S.D. value for the biamperometric method was 1.29% (n = 10, c = 15 μM Trolox®). In the case of the spectrophotometric method, the calibration graph obtained for Trolox® presents linearity between 0.01 and 0.125 mM (y = -9.5789 x+1.4533, where y represents the value of absorbance and x, the value of Trolox® concentration, expressed as mM; r2 = 0.9963). The R.S.D. value for the spectrophotometric method was 2.05%. Both methods were applied to total antioxidant activity determination in real samples (natural juices and soft drinks) and the results were in good agreement.


In this work the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique was used to forming a functionally gradient thermal barrier material based on nickel aluminide (VKNA) and zirconium oxide (YSZ). Layer-by-layer powders of VKNA / mixtures VKNA + 15 (30) % YSZ / YSZ were consolidated in a graphite matrix at 1070°C in a vacuum atmosphere for 5 minutes and at a pressure of 30 MPa. It is determined that the sintered material has good adhesion of layers, there are no interlayer boundaries. To check the functionality of the material, thermocyclic tests were carried out at 1100°C in the air. The results showed that the material containing the sublayer VKNA + 30 % YSZ has better heat resistance. Ill. 5. Ref. 28. Tab. 2.


This bachelor work deals with the issues regarding the design and creation of the content management system (hereandafter "CMS") for elementary schools. The theoretical part includes a description of the CMS, comparison of presentations of different elementary schools and a proposition for a suitable database. The practical part of the work then describes the development of the web application and used technologies.


[Objective]To understand the distribution and variation trend of main cause of death,and provide the basis for developing further intervention of chronic disease risk behavior.[Methods]The data of confirmed case were collected from network reporting system in Jiangyou City from 2008-2012,and statistically analyzed by SPSS 18. 0. [Results] Ranked No. 1 in death causes was cancer( 3 063 cases,24. 5%),followed by chronic respiratory disease( 2 360 cases,18. 9%),cerebrovascular disease( 1 986 cases,15. 9%),accidental death( 1 559 cases 12. 5 %),cardiovascular disease( 1 459 cases,11. 7%) and digestive diseases( 412 cases,3. 3%).[Conclusion]Chronic diseases has become the main factors which cause the death of residents. Basic public health service is the focus of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in future,so as to reduce the mortality of chronic disease.


In late Spring and Autumn Period,three saints appeared in Chinese realm of ideology,that is,Laozi,Confucius and Sun Tzu.Laozi founded Chinese Taoist school,Confucius started Chinese Confucian school and Sun Tzu initiated Chinese military strategist school.In the followed two thousand five hundred years,the three schools all showed significant influence on deciding the route of Chinese history.But merely in terms of military thinking,Confucius only partly displayed his military idea in his overall thinking system.Although Laozi made several military comments,he just was not a complete military strategist.However,Sun Tzu founded the system of military theory which was unparalleled and powerful enough to dominate and link up the history of Chinese military science development.Anyway,each of three saints is unrivalled in individual charm.


Despite the many achievements of modern agriculture, certain cultural practices have actually enhanced the destructive potential of diseases. These practices include use of genetically similar crop plants in continuous monoculture, use of plant cultivars susceptible to pathogens, and use of nitrogenous fertilizers at concentrations that enhance disease susceptibility. Plant disease control, therefore, has now become heavily dependent on fungicides to combat the wide variety of fungal diseases that threaten agricultural crops [De Waard et al., 1993]. Recently, Ritter [1990] reported that over 70 pesticides, including soil fumigants, have been detected in groundwater in 38 states in the United States. Thirty-two of these pesticide detections were attributed to point sources or misuse. A landmark study published by the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) indicates that, in the United State alone, 3000–6000 cancer cases are induced annually by pesticide residues on foods, and another 50–100 by exposure to pesticides during application. This type of findings have made the governments of many countries increasingly aware of the drawbacks of many chemical pesticides, in terms of their effect on the environment, as well as on the growers and the consumers of agricultural products. Studies aimed at replacing pesticides with environmentally safer methods are currently being conducted at many research centers. The heightened scientific interest in biological control of plant pathogens is partly a response to growing public concerns over chemical pesticides. In this context, it is important to mention that few areas of research within plant pathology have attracted more interest during the past 28 years than has the use of introduced microorganisms for biological control of plant pathogens [Cook, 1993]. This follows an over 40-year period, starting in the mid 1920s, when biological control of plant diseases moved from the discovery of suppression in response to organic materials added to the soil, to attempts at biological control with single cultures of microorganisms added to soil, to disappointment and the emergence of an attitude that plant pathology has made little progress in biological control [Baker, 1987; Cook, 1991].


The paper presents, the investigation of electromagnetic (EM) absorption in the human head using dipole and microstrip patch antenna (MPA). Both antennas are designed for working in wireless devices at 2.2 GHz. Two parameters are used for the investigation of electromagnetic absorption-peak specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human head tissue and aggregate retained power from the wireless device user. Both antennas are set at a fixed distance to analyze the effects on human head for electromagnetic absorption for MPA and Dipole antenna. Transmission line method was adopted to find out the parameters of MPA. Both antennas are designed and simulated via CST microwave studio. The outcomes demonstrate that, in human head MPA provides a lower peak SAR value than Dipole antenna. So, total absorbed power of Dipole antenna is higher than MPA. Therefore, MPA is a better option for wireless devices regarding EM absorption reduction.


Although power pipeline unbanked channeling was commonly applied in the design,yet several key points remained with less literature,such as: how to achieve the overhead power pipeline unbanked channeling? What points should be highly focused on designing the unbanked channel? What measures need to be taken to ensure safety operations? These points were discussed and summarized based on the author's practical experience with years of engineering design.


This article explores the relationship between ecopsychology and the person-centred approach to psychotherapy and counselling. The literatures of both topics are reviewed and areas of fit as well as of conflict are identified. This exploration is situated within the context of climate change and the broader damage to the natural world. Specific person-centred concepts are considered with regard to our relationship with the natural world.Considerations for the person-centred approach and counselling psychology practice are discussed. In particular, the article highlights ways in which the self may be relocated within a larger ecological context, the possibility of ecologically situated well-being and incongruence, and the relevance of Rogers' concept of psychological contact to our relationship with the natural world.


Objective To evaluate the relation between ST segment reduction and blood glucose level in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Methods Eighty patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent coronary arteriography within 90 minutes after emergent hospitalization were enrolled The blood flow of Infarction related artery was Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grades 0 to 1 and recovered to TIMI grade 3 after PCI Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood constituent, cTnI and anti thrombus therapy were routinely performed before emergency PCI ECG was reviewed in half an hour and one week the operation respectively The eighty patients were divided into 2 groups according to the blood glucose level : group 1 ( n =41) with blood glucose 160 mg/dl and group 2 ( n =39) with blood glucose ≥160 mg/dl The average ST segment elevation and reduction between the two groups before and after emergency PCI and after one week were analyzed by statistics Results The average ST Segment reductions after PCI and after one week were much higher in group 2 compared with those in group 1 (1 58±1 01 vs 0 81±0 73, 1 12±0 78 vs 0 45±0 75 mV respectively, P 0 000?1) The ST segment reductions before and after PCI in group 2 were much lower compared with group 1 (34 54%±22 56% vs 57 37%±27 03%, P 0 000?1 ) Conclusion The microcirculation reperfusion in myocardium and ST segment reduction in patients with acute myocardial infarction are affected negatively by hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus


Through the analysis of the construction demand of video resources under the background of the smart campus,based on the reality of the universities,combined with the latest storage technology,data security technology and JW Media Player platform and etc.,the video resource management platform was designed and developed,which providing references for the application of similar video resources.


An impacted tooth is defined by whose eruption process has failed, causing it to be trapped in soft and/or hard skin, preventing its eruption in an appropriate and functional manner, generally affecting lower third molars, followed by upper third molars. Among the several occurrences of this alteration, there is the impact associated with inversion of the third molar, which is rare and little described in the literature. In this perspective, this research aims to carry out the bibliographic review associated with the rare event of occurrence in impacted and inverted third molar, with a bibliographic survey made through the selection of articles attached to the Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo and Dental Journals database, by searching for the term "Impacted and Inverted Third Molar", with no restriction on the year of publication and language. The impact with inversion of a third molar tooth is an unusual event and little reported in the literature.  In order to define the clinical conduct of this element, the Dental Surgeon must assess the need and opportunity for a surgical intervention, since the removal of the asymptomatic tooth may cause risks to the patient.


Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used as the outdoor position system because of it provides the satisfactory results especially for outdoor navigation. However, it is not suitable for the circumstances of non-line of sight (NLoS) and complex indoor environments. To fill the gap, Wi-Fi signal has grasped the great attention being purposed as the solution for Indoor Positioning System (IPS). Existing enormous efforts have been exerted to focus on the Wi-Fi fingerprinting to achieve high accuracy. Through deep learning and machine learning, the current Wi-Fi fingerprinting can localize the object with the accuracy better than GPS. Nonetheless, it involves huge labor-cost calibration and high training complexity for intensive site survey and requires recalibration for a different environment. Due to these limitations, the current approach using Wi-Fi fingerprinting is impractical as the indoor localization solution to present-day scientific and enterprise interest. In this paper, we proposed an adaptive Wi-Fi trilateration-based indoor localization system which involves minimum labor-cost calibration to achieve a good accuracy, as a prominent research solution to location-based services (LBS).


The use of source water with different water quality in waterworks results in the instability of treated water quality, and the finished water treated by conventional process fails to reach the safe drinking water standard. By making pilot-scale test, the stability of advanced treatment process (ozone/biological activated carbon (BAC)) for drinking water was investigated. When Yellow and Luanhe river water were taken as source water, the acceptable rate of COD_ Mn3 mg/L in treated water was 93.3% and 99.0% respectively, with the removal rate of 41.5% and 50.2% respectively for COD_ Mn, the removal rate of 42.5% and 50.9% respectively for TOC, and 57.8% and 77.6% respectively for UV_ 254. For the source water taken from the Yellow River, the lower organics removal rate was attributed to different organics species in water. All synthetic indexes show that ozone/BAC process can remove about 50% organics from water, and thus improving the safety of treated water. When TOC is less than 3 mg/L and SUVA_ 254 less than 2 L/(mgDOC·m) in treated water, less tetrachloro-methane and trichloro-methane are formed after disinfection, which is far lower than the specified limit. This method can be used for indirect monitoring of tetrachloro-methane and trichloro-methane produced by disinfection.


The paper is devoted to the thermal explosion problem in the case of autocatalytic reaction given both heat transfer and diffusion. By means of the method of integral manifolds there are investigated critical regimes and are found critical values of parameter for plane-parallel and for cylindrical reactors. This work was written while V.A. Sobolev was a visitor at both the Boole Centre for Research in Informatics and Institute of Nonlinear Science, University College Cork. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged.


General Duncan Alexander Cameron(5th from the right, leaning on the wheel of the gun carriage) with a group of soldiers of the Colonial Defence Force. Taken 29 April 1864, at sunrise, on the morning of the attack on Gate Pa.
1/2-017924 shows a different copy of the same image
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).


An integrated optical device comprising two arrayed waveguide gratings and an electrooptically-clad silica waveguide modulator array is shown to provide multiple modulated optical signals from a single broadband optical source. (2 pages)


Based on an assumption that a steady state exists in the full-memory multidestination automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme, we propose a novel analytical method called steady-state function method (SSFM), to evaluate the performance of the scheme with any size of receiver buffer. For a wide range of system parameters, SSFM has higher accuracy on throughput estimation as compared to the conventional analytical methods.


The present investigation was carried out in the breeding and migratory tracts of jamunapari goat in district Mohoba of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. For study, data were collected from 10 villages of belonging to Jaitpur block of the Mohoba district in 2012-2013. The climate of the breeding and migratory tracts was hot, semi-arid and tropical in nature with matching vegetation and cultivated crops. The average migratory flock size was 58 ± 3.71 (range 30-100). In stationary flocks the size ranged between 2 and 35 with an average of 17. The average flock contains 16.0 ± 2.57 individuals (range 8 to 41), of which 0.25% adult males, 8.65% adult females and 7.1% young. It has been observed that Feeding system significantly affected body weights and weight gain at all the growth stages and. In stationery tracts approximately diarrhea 21.7%, pneumonia 7.1%, parasitic disease 5.5%, F.M.D. 4.9%, Nutritional disease 10.6%, Blot 6.7%, P.P.R. 11.5%, enterotoxaemia 8.4% and unknown other diseases 5.9% were found. In Migratory tracts approximately diarrhea 24.5%, Phenomena 9.6%, Parasitic disease 7.8%, F.M.D. 6.6%, Nutritional disease 12.8%, Blot 8.2%, P.P.R. 13.7%, enterotoxaemia 10.1% and unknown other diseases 7.4%, which were found to have more than stationery tracts. The study revealed that jamunapari goat was reared under traditional method of rearing with less scientific management practices.


Self-Organizing Model for Virtual Enterprises.- A Spatio-temporal Database System Based on TimeDB and Oracle Spatial.- Maintaining Temporal Warehouse Models.- Data Clustering in Enterprise Computing: A New Generalized Cellular Automata.- An Information Broker for Integrating Heterogeneous Hydrologic Data Sources: A Web Services Approach.- Context-Aware Ubiquitous Service Composition Technology.- A Modeling Approach for Service-Oriented Architecture.- XML-based EIS - A Meta Schema for Mapping XML Schema to Relational DBS.- Continual Business Transformation Technology.- Business Componentization: A Guidance to Application Service Design.- Particle Model to Optimize Enterprise Computing.- Intelligent Enterprises for Construction: Bridging the Technology and Knowledge Gaps through Innovation and Education.- Grid Computing Simulation and Verification Based on pi Calculus.- Formalization of Mining Association Rules based on Relational Database in EIS.- Architectural Design of Distributed Operation Monitoring Systems.- A UML 2 Profile for Event Driven Process Chains.- Transforming the IT organization for E-Business: A Perspective of Integration.- Usage of Enterprise Modeling Processes and Information Systems Design to Forecast Demand.- J2EE Development Based on the JSED Template.- Enterprise Knowledge Integration by Semantic Web.- Enterprise Information Integration.- Value-Oriented IT Project Portfolio Management.- Enterprise Maturity Model - The Technology Aligned Business Strategy Model for Indian Banks.- ERP - Change Agent or a Legacy System in Disguise: A Chinese Case.- Enterprise Information Systems for Large-Scale Engineering Projects.- ISRUP E-Service Framework Balanced Scorecard to Measure the Capabilities from the Methodologies, Processes, Notations, Life Cycles, and Standards.- Enterprise Architecture Definition Framework for IT Service Providers.- Studies of Enterprises' Modularization Decomposition.- A Multi-Layer Framework for Enterprise Application Development.- Reuse Software Architecture through Dynamic Composition.- On Managing the Enterprise Information Systems Transformation: Lessons learned and research challenges.- Critical Success Factors for ERP Deployments.- Improving the Accuracy of Execution Data of ERP Systems: A Case Study in the Zongxin Telecom Corporation.- Developing a Practical Framework for ERP Project Implementation: A Proposed Research Design.- Renovating Information Technology Infrastructure to Effectively Provide E-Services.- The Timeless Way of Building REA Enterprise Systems.- Development of Enterprise Information System Using Business Component-Based Approach.- Reconfiguring Business Process for Enterprise Information System Based on UML and Polychromatic Sets.- Extending the Enterprise: An Evaluation of ERP and EAI Technologies within a Case Study Organisation.- Mappings from OWL-s to UML for Semantic Web Services.- A Tourism Resources Integration Mechanism based on XML and Web Service.- Exploitation of Semantic Web Technology in ERP Systems.- An Extended TAM for Subscribers' Adoption of Mobile Data Services Provided by Wireless Communication Systems.- Skeleton of a Supervisor for Enterprise Information Systems.- Study of Personalized Trust Model in Enterprise Computing Environment.- An Integrated Information System for Financial Investment.- OSS and ERP Systems: Likeness, Difference and Reference.- An E-Activities Platform to Support SMEs.- An Integrated Information System for Route Inspection in Manufacturing.- A Data Collector for Route Inspection Based on Palm Handheld in Industry.- Study on Information Integration of Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System in Manufacturing.- Metadata and Semantics: A Case Study on Semantic Searching in Web System.- A DSS based on Entropy Method in EIS in Chinese Financial Sectors.- Knowledge Portal Construction and Resources Integration for Hydropower Corporation.- A Method for Enterprise Knowledge Map Construction Based on Social Classification.- Critical Success Factors for ERP Life Cycle Implementation.- The Study of Information Integration in EIS Based On Grid.- Critical Success Factors in ERP Upgrade Projects.- The Influence of Knowledge Transfers on the Implementation of Enterprise Information Systems.- Mobile Customer Demand Discrimination Modeling in Enterprise Information Systems.- Predicting Churn Probability of Fixed-line Subscriber with Limited Information: A Data Mining Paradigm for Enterprise Computing.- A Case of Individualized Information Monitoring and Customizing System for a News Group.- A Study on Knowledge Management in Enterprise Information Systems.- An Open Web Service-Based DSS.- The Theoretical Underpinnings of the Influence of Customer Reward Programs on Customer Retention: A Framework and Propositions for Future Research.- The New Cognition of Supply Chain Integration: Management Interface Integration.- A Hidden Markov Model of Customer Relationship Dynamics in Retailing Industry.- Extended Enterprise Information Sharing in a Supply Chain Environment based on Symbiosis Theory.- Study on Purchase Probability Model in CRM Systems.- A Study on the EIS Market of Chinese SMEs.- Study of Systems Methodology in ERP Implementation in China.- Issues on Evaluating Free/Open Source ERP Systems.- Modeling Architecture and Reference Models for the ERP5 Project.- Open Source Software Migration in Integrated Information Systems in Public Sector.- Analysis of M-Commerce in China.- Free/Open Source ERP and Translation Processes: Four Empirical Cases.- The Implication of Dissipative Structure Theory to Enterprise Information System.- Feasibility Identification for Networks with Generalized Precedence Relations (GPRs).- Polychromatic Sets Theory and its Application in Enterprise Information Systems.- The Moving Competitive Advantage of Enterprises: Situation Advantage.- Study on the Game of Payment Distribution Mode about AVEs.- System Dynamics Report of Telecom Industry in China.- An Empirical Research on SMC in an Extended Enterprise Environment.- Modeling the Product Development Process as a Dynamic System with Feedback.- A Disassembly Model based on Polychromatic Sets Theory for Manufacturing Systems.- Multicriteria Model for Selection of Automated System Tests.


A mathematical model is obtained for a class of oscillators having two nonlinearities. Although many features of the model and the allowable nonlinearities are chosen to conform to basic characteristics of common self-biased oscillator circuits, the basic procedures employed are applicable to a much larger class of nonlinear problems. The system of nonlinear differential equations describing the original model is approximated by a new, more tractable system chosen by the method of Krylov and Bogoliubov. This approximating system is second order and thus amenable to a phase-plane solution. The phase-plane solutions of the approximating system are shown to predict several common modes of self-biased oscillator behavior, including CW oscillation, squegging, amplitude modulation and multimode operation. The results of the theoretical analysis are then shown to be in very close agreement with the actual behavior of an experimental oscillator.


Rotary ultrasonic machining is a new complex machining which combines abrasive grinding and traditional ultrasonic machining.It is an effective method to solve the problem of hard brittle material processing and has a broad application prospect.In this paper,combining with the development of rotary ultrasonic machining technology in recent years,it summarizes the application and development trend of rotary ultrasonic machining in drilling,milling and grinding.


In the entire history of scientific development there have been two major tendencies that are constantly operative: One is the tendency of the continuous division of scientific studies into new branches of learning, and the other is the ceaseless synthesizing trend of scientific development. The two, it seems, conflict with each other, but actually they are closely related. Their mutual connection and penetration constitute an important aspect of scientific development. Judging from the entire history of natural science, the dialectical movement of these two contradicting tendencies manifests itself as a process of the negation of negation.


The separation and purification of succinate are necessary for the succinic acid production by a fermentation process. Among the purification processes, desalination of succinate is inevitable. In this work, electrodialysis was selected as a desalination method and its operating parameters affecting the degree of desalination and energy consumption were examined. Commercialized electrodialysis apparatus was used in this work and its optimum operating parameters were determined by using design of experiment (DOE) method. Voltage, concentration of succinate, and pH were selected as main parameters. Among them, voltage seemed to be the most important one. The final conversion of succinate to succinic acid was calculated when the operating parameters were optimized. Finally, the effect of impurities, such as corn steep oil, yeast extract, and dextrose on the electrodialysis efficiency was also studied.


A fuzzy level set segmentation method was proposed to solve the complexity and low efficiency problems of the conventional cardiac CT image sequence segmentation method.This method could be realized only by selecting a single cardiac CT images,and using the improved fuzzy clustering algorithm to extract the initial outline of the region of interest(ROI).Its results were used to guide the C-V model level set for cardiac tissues precise segmentation.To effectively reduce the time cost for image sequence segmentation and human interaction,each segmentation result was used as the initial contour of its adjacent images.This access avoided the repetitive clustering process,and the final outline of the image was obtained.Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can accurately segment the edge of the heart organization with less time and simple human interaction.Besides,the segmentation results can provide accurate data set for the three-dimensional heart reconstruction.


This book is a collection of reprints of papers on the computer simulation of statistical-mechanical systems, introduced and commented upon by the editors. This book enables the new and experienced practitioner of computer simulation to learn and use the various methods and interpret the restrictions and various possibilities.


tance "in traditional ways and which are emotive in a traditional manner" followed by the examination of the elements which "distance in new nontraditional ways and which function emotively in new nontraditional substitutive ways" (22). The author shows how Russian playwrights tried to establish a new type of theatrical perception in their imagined audience, from the masterful and balanced manipulation of distancing and emotive elements in Chekhov to the ritualistic or quasi-religious deistva (which is misprinted as "dejstviia," 109) in Sologub and Ivanov, whose distancing techniques, like their use of "overwhelmingly rich and difficult language" (121), alienated the audience beyond reach. Distance Manipulation offers quite a diverse picture of the state of Russian modernist drama. The author also makes some interesting comparisons between the perception of the contemporary audience and the public of today. For example, the most powerful distancing element at the beginning of the twentieth century, the use of the absurd, has become an emotive force, representing a familiar aspect of the contemporary viewer's perception of reality. Unfortunately, the organization of the material will probably leave the reader of Kot's book disappointed, frustrated, and confused. A palpable timidity on the part of the author impedes the argument she is trying to make. Kot tends to approach the same subject several times, dwell on the difficulties that the subject of her research presents, and generally beat about the bush. For example, she never provides a clear definition for the concept of "distance" but instead speaks about its complexity and importance and then discusses examples of the various "distancing" devices. The introduction suffers the most from Kot's meandering discourse and pedantic references to the authors and scholars in this field. Stylistically it belongs to the genre of dissertation rather than to that of a monograph, although the book is only marginally related to the theme of the author's dissertation thesis. The analysis consists of 130 pages and is followed by a 20-page bibliography, which resembles a computer printout of the search results on "drama." The title of this list, "Works Cited," is misleading since the author refers the reader to a bibliographical item without indicating how this text is relevant to the subject discussed. The exasperatingly scanty notes provide a reference to an authority on the subject but no further development of the theme. In fact, the overabundance of critical references reflects the caution and timidity characteristic of Kot's style. She undoubtedly did an enormous amount of work studying the history of the drama of different epochs in several different languages, but the profusion of sources makes it that much more difficult to find a focus to her work. In spite of its shortcomings (numerous misprints are among them), specialists in Russian modernism and the history of drama will find many interesting and useful observations in Distance Manipulation, especially in the lesser analyzed plays The Triumph of Death by Fedor Sologub and Tantalus by Viacheslav Ivanov.


The article provides an overview of the possible causes of bleeding from the genital tract in peri- and postmenopausal women. The correct approach to patients with abnormal uterine bleeding during menopausal hormone therapy is described. A modern analysis of data on the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding against the background of menopausal hormone therapy was carried out. The modern possibilities of endometrial diagnostics and treatment are shown.


The invention relates to a method for massively planting apocynum venetum on saline-alkali desert lands. The method is implemented by the steps of seed screening, nutrition cup preparation, room-temperature facility arrangement, seeding in time, seeding amount control, management during seedling time, nursery garden transplanting, nursery garden field management and large-field transplanting. In the method, massive and productive apocynum venetum planting experiments are carried out under specific weather conditions in the Altay region of Xinjiang, and the experiments prove that when the method is used, the survival rate of the apocynum venetum large-field strains planted on the gobi desert lands reaches 95.8 to 96.4 percent, a service life is shortened, and an application prospect is wide. Particularly, the seedling plants for the gobi desert lands can be cultivated in one year, so that the shortcoming that the conventional large field or nursery garden seedlings raised by direct seeding are transplanted to the gobi desert lands after 2 to 3 years generally is overcome and the massive planting and mechanical field management are realized.


VPN technology is a technology to establish a virtual private network on a public network,using VPN technology to build the coal enterprise network system,which can reasonably achieve remote connection between the various mining areas,data transfering and real-time sharing.It can improve the lever of management and save a lot of money for the enterprise as well.


Network economy has been expanding rapidly and reaching more areas.We should hold this opportunity of the network economic development to build a more competitive market environment and create the new superiority for Ningbo economy.To this end,we should carry out the construction of the network infrastructure facilities and strengthen the legalization for network economic activities.


The authors have empirically determined the dependence of breakdown field EB versus dielectric thickness d (electrode separation) for a large number (4100) of BaTiO3-based multilayer capacitors with Ni base-metal electrodes. The data averaged over lateral area show for 6<d<22μm that EB=const×d−n, where n=0.50±0.06, a result compatible with macroscopic "thermal" dc breakdown mechanisms. More precisely, however, the results nearly perfectly fit a situation of breakdown occurring in connected defects from collision ionization resulting from field emission from the cathode.


may be the possible cause of duplicated parts.' In either case, during subsequent development, internal rearrangements of cells and tissues must support the vital processes of the extra parts, and interesting aspects of regulation are seen in the present specimen. In the calf examined here, parts of the circulatory and skeletal systems successfully accommodated to support the duplicated heads, while at the same time, the gross defects in the digestive and respiratory systems (which were functionally provided by the placenta in utero) would not have supported extra-uterine life. The circulatory system of the developing mammal begins with a symmetrical arrangement which becomes asymmetrical during fetal development. Systemic blood is shunted to enter only the right atrium of the heart, and leaves from the left ventricle. The embryonic symmetry of the circulatory system and elements of the paired cardiac primordia remained in the present specimen, and became altered to supply the vital needs of each head and neck. It appears that the cardiac primordia were influenced to form separate half-hearts, joined in the atrial region, and that only in the ventricle from the left primordium were the cells of the endocardia1 cushion able to form even an incomplete septum internally. Each head was supplied with blood via right and left carotid arteries, and drained via jugular veins, albeit proximal connections were not typical of a normal animal. Further developmental regulation was seen at the level of the clearly anomalous two aortic arches so that each of the forelimbs was supplied in normal fashion with a subclavian artery. The double aortic arches probably arose from the normally paired embryonic fourth visceral arches, with the abnormal retention of the right arch of the pair.


Elliptic curves have deep and beautiful properties. They are plane curves of the type y2 = x3 + a x + b that have been studied since the XIX century. That equation in the affine plane corresponds to the homogeneous equation y2 z= x3 + a xz2 + b z3, which describes in space a family of algebraic surfaces with two parameters a and b. The computational variation of these equations generates beautiful animations that stimulate our imagination and evoke our mathematical creativity. Cryptography refers to secure methods to transmit and safeguard secret and valuable information. Since 1977 the RSA public key system has been widely used. It is based on prime number theory and on the difficulty of factoring very large integers. With the impact of the elliptic curve method for integer factorization, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) was invented by mathematicians in 1985, and since then the mathematical sophistication of cryptography has been raised to a whole new level. The security of the ECC algorithms is based on the discrete logarithm problem of elliptic curves, which seems to be a much harder problem in finite field arithmetic. Recent mathematical advances imply that a certain desired security level can be attained with significantly smaller keys, for instance, a 160-bit ECC key provides the same level of security as a 1024-bit RSA key. The theory of elliptic curves illustrates the beauty of the links between number theory, algebra and geometry and provides a powerful mathematical tool to strengthen security of e-commerce and secure communications.


The operation of the power distribution network is influenced by many factors, such as various faults, network maneuvers, and out-of-service equipment. Therefore, reducing the outage time, increasing the reliability, and, as a result, the satisfaction of the subscribers is one of the important goals of the power distribution company. Protective switches such as reclosers and sectionalizers reduce the outage time and energy not supplied (ENS) of subscribers by isolating the damaged part of the network. Due to the high costs of installing and repairing this equipment, distribution companies seek to minimize these costs. The main goal of this study is to determine the optimal number and location of reclosers and sectionalizers in the distribution network according to the objective functions of reliability and operational limitations. Therefore, in this paper, using the improved gravitational search (IGS) algorithm, the appropriate placement of protection switches is proposed to optimize the desired objective function in the test feeder in Razavi Khorasan province. The comparison and analysis of the obtained results show the ability of the proposed method to determine the appropriate location and number of protection switches in a real network.


This paper was presented at the "Cities, towns and traffic" session. These proceedings are available on CD-ROM. The recently approved Official Plan and Transportation Master Plan of the Region of Ottawa-Carleton share the goal of significantly increasing the walk, cycle and transit share of trips in the region. In order to achieve this goal, substantial changes to the transportation infrastructure, and to the attitudes and behaviours of all road users - pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, and motor vehicle passengers and drivers - are required. The Walking Security Index (WSI) is being designed to define, measure, and evaluate the level of security (safety, comfort and convenience) that is experienced and expected by pedestrians when using signalized intersections. The Index and related research is directly pertinent to discussions and decisions about whether and how signalized intersections need to be modified, or attitudes and behaviours need to be modified in order to harmonize community and transportation goals. Further, the Index can also be used for setting priorities for intersection modifications to improve walking security. A brief overview of the WSI Project's terms of reference, and the phases, activities and publications of the research program to date is presented. The following tasks are then discussed : 1. Specifying the variables to include in the WSI; 2. Formulating an index which best represents the level of security (safety, comfort, convenience) that pedestrians experience and expect to experience at signalized intersections; and 3. Using the Index to define problems at specific intersections and set priorities for modification. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD number 490056.(A)


Global climate change affects not only rice yield but also grain quality. A better understanding of the effect of environment factors on rice yield and quality provides information for breeding new varieties adapted to a changing world. This study uses indica-japonica recombinant inbred lines (RILs) constructed in different ecological regions of China as test materials. The objectives were to determine the effect of environment on rice yield and quality. The results revealed that: the yield of RILs in Liaoning was greater than that in the other regions, milling and appearance qualities in Sichuan and Guangdong were worse than that in Liaoning and Shanghai. High temperature and high relative humidity combined with low sunshine duration were the main reason for lower milling quality and greater chalkiness traits. The air temperature during heading stage and maturity stage seemed more important for rice milling and appearance qualities throughout the growing season.


The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly widespread within the Architecture, Engineering, Construction & Operations (AECO) sector. BIM allows the construction of a digital scale model of the asset to be built, ensuring the early detection of conflicts and interferences, enabling communication between the different participant agents, and facilitating the processes in the maintenance and management phase. Studies on the subject are many and varied. However, very few works refer to the inclusion of BIM in the public procurement stage, one of the most complex and competitive stages within the asset's life cycle. A bibliographic review has been conducted about the BIM situation in the AECO sector contracts, the existing problems and the possible solutions to implement. In the specific field of public procurement, Spain has made great progress, especially at the regional level. During 2020, a total of 440 tenders with BIM requirements were published, with an investment volume of EUR 752 million, which represents an increase of 230% compared to 2017. The aim of this research is to analyze the Spanish public procurement, highlighting the progress made so far in the implementation of this technology, as well as to develop a proposal of BIM requirements that, in general, could be used as a reference for tenders of the AECO sector in the country. With this objective, a selection of twenty relevant public tenders is made, covering both the building and infrastructure fields. The requirements address areas such as: BIM uses, BIM deliverables, model structure, Level of Development, Common Data Environment, classification systems, standards or quality control.


As one of the three major methods in social work,teamwork enhances individual functions of social life through group sharing and interaction so as to reach development goals of individuals,groups and communities.In order to probe a new way for the work of university advisors in the new period and establish a more effective platform for cultivating the students,the group-work idea and method can be applied into their work.


Named Data Networking (NDN) is based on the principle of Content-Centric Networking (CCN) that aims to overcome the weaknesses of the current host-based Internet architecture. Like traditional networks, it is identified that NDN is also vulnerable to many security threats including denial-of-service (DoS) or distributed DoS (DDoS) and might offer avenues for new DoS/DDoS attacks. DDoS attacks can be triggered in NDN to exhaust resources within an NDN router or the content producer(s). This survey paper focuses on different types of possible distributed denial-ofservice (DDoS) attacks; in particular, we address Interest flooding, where an adversary with limited resources can implement this attack and significantly impact thenetwork performance and their proposed countermeasures. Keywords:Named Data Networking, Interest flooding, denial-of-service.


In this paper, we propose scalable scheduling techniques based on EDF to efficiently integrate hard real-time and multimedia soft real-time tasks in the distributed real-time multimedia database system. Hard tasks are guarangteed based on worst case execution times, whereas multimedia soft tasks are served based on mean execution times. This paper describes a served-based scheme for partitioning the CPU bandwidth among different task classes that coexist in the same system. To handle the problem of class overloads characterized by varying number of tasks and varying task arrival rates, thus scheme shows how to adjust the fraction of the CPU bandwidth assigned to each class. This scheme fixes the maximum time that each hard task can execute in the period of the server, whereas it can dynamically change the bandwidth reserved to each multimedia task. The proposed method is capable of minimizing the mean tardiness of multimedia tasks, without jeopardizing the schedulability of the hard tasks. The performance of this scheduling method is compared with that of similar mechanisms through simulation experiments.


The effect of MgO on the solid–solid interactions, surface and catalytic properties of CuO/Al2O3 solids was investigated using XRD methods, nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and oxidation of CO by O2 at 150–300°C. The nominal composition of the pure mixed solid was 0.20CuO:Al2O3 and the amounts of MgO added varied between 0.43 wt% and 3.30 wt%. The pure and MgO-treated solids were subjected to precalcination (thermal treatment) at 600°C and 800°C, respectively. The results obtained revealed that CuO underwent solid–solid interactions with pure and doped alumina at temperatures of 600°C and above to yield a poorly crystalline copper aluminate (CuAl2O4) phase. The amount of copper aluminate produced increased on increasing the precalcination temperature to 800°C. Magnesium oxide inhibited the formation of CuAl2O4 at 600°C but enhanced this reaction at 800°C, the inhibiting and enhancing effects depending on the amount of MgO present. Doping with MgO effected a measurable increase in both the specific surface areas and catalytic activities of the solids precalcined at 600°C. The reverse effect was observed for the doped solids preheated in air at 800°C. Doping at 600°C and 800°C modified the concentration of catalytically active constituents involved in chemisorption and catalysis of the CO oxidation reaction.


The current standard therapy to counteract organophosphate intoxication is not effective in equal measure against all types of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), as the outcome of oxime‐induced reactivation of inactivated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) strongly depends on the particular OPC. In case the reactivation is insufficient, acetylcholine concentrations that rise to pathophysiological levels force the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) into a desensitized state and hence a functionally inactive state. As a consequence, neurotransmission is irreversibly disrupted at the neuromuscular junction. Previous electrophysiological studies identified the symmetric bispyridinium compound 1,1′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis[4‐(tert‐butyl)pyridin‐1‐ium] diiodide (MB327) as a re‐sensitizer of the desensitized nAChR. MB327 is thereby capable of restoring the functional activity. Very recently, in silico modeling studies suggested non‐symmetric derivatives of MB327 as potential re‐sensitizers with enhanced binding affinity and thus possible enhanced efficacy. In this study, 26 novel non‐symmetric bispyridinium compounds and related derivatives were synthesized. For the synthesis of the highly polar target compounds in sufficient quantities, newly developed and highly efficient two‐step procedures were used. Compounds were characterized in terms of their binding affinity toward the MB327 binding site at the nAChR using recently developed mass spectrometry (MS) Binding Assays. Regarding structure–affinity relationships at the MB327 binding site, the presence of two quaternary aromatic nitrogen centers as well as pyridinium systems with a tert‐butyl group at the 4‐position or a NMe2 group at the 3‐ or 4‐positions appeared to be beneficial for high binding affinities.


The difficulty is an important symbol of technical level and winning ability of aerobics athletes,and its success on the final score of the game plays an unquestionable leading role.Therefore,it is necessary to deeply research difficulty winning factors to make element success and beat competitor.The research uses the literature material,expert interview,questionnaire investigation,video analysis and mathematical statistics.At the same time,the research analyzes the elements of IM,IW,MP,TR and GR of the 9th,10th,11th and 12th World Championships finals in 2006,2008,2010 and 2012 to sum up the winning factors from the difficulty of selection,quality and artistic arrangement,effectively promoting innovation and development of the difficulty movements and comprehensively enhance the difficulty winning ability of athletes.


For some teleosts, a role has been established for melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) background adaptation and stress response. In teleost fishes, prepro‐MCH (ppMCH) rnRNA is expressed in the hypothalamus, predominantly in neurons of the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) and in scattered cells of the nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL). The response of mature tilapia to different environmental challenges was studied by assessing ppMCH rnRNA levels in these two hypothalamic nuclei by quantitative dot blot analysis. Changes in background colour induced pronounced differences in ppMCH mRNA expression in the NLT, but not in the NRL. The NLT of tilapia adapted to a white background contained 2.5 to 3 times more ppMCH mRNA than the NLT of black‐adapted fish. The NLT of fish kept on neutral background contained intermediate levels of ppMCH mRNA, which were significantly lower than the levels in white‐adapted fish. Oral administration of dexamethasone lowered plasma cortisol concentrations, but had no effect on ppMCH mRNA levels in white‐ and black‐adapted fish. In tilapia exposed to strongly acidified water (pH 3.5), plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were highly elevated, and plasma chloride concentrations considerably lower than in controls. These fish responded with a 70% rise in ppMCH mRNA levels in the NLT, which is most probably associated with a stress response evoked by inadequate osmoregulation. After exposure to a milder acidification (pH 4.0) or to seawater no significant changes in ppMCH mRNA levels occurred in either the NLT or the NRL, nor in plasma chloride, cortisol and ACTH levels. A specific increase of ppMCH mRNA levels in the NRL was observed in repeatedly disturbed tilapia. We conclude that MCH neurons in the NLT and NRL of this teleost differentially respond to background colour, acidification and disturbance stress, and that this response is not strictly associated with changes in plasma ions and activity of the pituitary‐interrenal axis.


Background During the catastrophic situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of the health care workers (HCWs) is the most crucial, and their absenteeism, whether due to inability or unwillingness, becomes a major concern for the national health system. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the willingness and its associated factors to work during the COVID-19 pandemic among the physicians of Bangladesh. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from April 21 to May 10, 2020, using an online survey among the Bangladeshi physicians living in the country. Both univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to determine the predictors of the willingness of the physicians to work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results More than 69% physicians reported that they were willing to work during the COVID-19 pandemic, 8.9% reported that they were not willing, while 21.4% of participants were not sure about their willingness. Younger age, having experience of treating patients during previous pandemics, working in the emergency departments and high self-reported compliance to the recommended PPE were important predictors of being willing to work during COVID-19 pandemic. Concern for family and risk of transmitting the infection to family members were most commonly reported as major barriers of working during the pandemic (30%) followed by having comorbidities (25%), lack of adequate safety measures (25%), fear of being infected (12.2%), not involved in clinical practice (12.5%) etc. Conclusions Though the majority of the physicians were willing to work during the COVID-19 pandemic, sufficient supply of PPE, support to maintain recommended quarantine and isolation policy after risky hospital duty along with adequate and effective training can increase their willingness to continue their sacred duty during this crucial pandemic.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a volatile organic component‐free water‐based binder with improved coating properties from urethane‐alkyd acrylate by emulsion polymerisation.Design/methodology/approach – Alkyd resin based on interesterification of sardine fish and linseed oil (50:50 w/w) was synthesised and reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to form urethane alkyd. The resultant urethane alkyd and acrylic monomers in different ratios were polymerised by emulsion polymerisation to form air‐drying water‐based binders and studied for physicochemical and other coating properties.Findings – Urethane alkyd, co‐polymerised with acrylates by emulsion polymerisation process, can be used to prepare water‐based air‐drying binders with excellent coating and application performance. The increase in acrylate component in the system resulted in improvement of performance properties.Research limitations/implications – In the present study, refined fish oil (FO) was obtained from sardine fish. Differen...


Statistics published by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2020 state that an estimated one out of every seven adolescents worldwide suffers from a mental health condition. In an era which places mental health and well-being (MHWB) on top of international agendas and policies, it is important to now focus on how to implement preventive measures. Schools can be an effective setting but unfortunately interventions in schools still only target diagnosed cases. Physical activity (PA) has been proven as an effective tool in addressing MHWB and it is mostly during physical education (PE) lessons that adolescents in schools get exposed to PA. However there is a lack of programmes and innovations that target the MHWB of students through PE. This study aims at addressing this gap by initially identifying the perception of local PE teachers and sports lecturers about the role of PE in promoting MHWB. A constructive grounded theory approach was adopted for this study in which four PE teachers and sports lecturers co-constructed knowledge with the researcher. A conceptual model emerged from an initial analytical framework that analysed the PE scenario, the pedagogical practices implemented to address the current diverse scenario, and the resulting consequences and outcomes in relation to MHWB. The model revolves around the casual atmosphere which characterises the PE lesson and which leads to the development of a relationship of trust between the students and the teacher. If the practices implemented address the students specific needs and preferences as well as equip them with life, carry-over skills, then PE can be a catalyst in addressing the MHWB of adolescents.


Random Number Generators(RNGs) are an important building block for algorithms and protocols in cryptography. Sequences of "random" numerical values are used in many statistical procedures, in numerical mathematics, in physics, and also in number-theoretic applications to replace statistical observations or to automate the input of variable quantities. In this paper, we made a new RNG using RIJNDAEL and tested the randomness of our RNG through NIST's statistical test program.


From parks to shopping areas, smart technologies are being used throughout our cities to inform, guide and even persuade us into certain experiences. In terms of the technologies (and their usage), the emphasis is now very much on the mobile device and mobile applications that provide us with the digital media time to interact and share. Moreover, what we are increasingly witnessing and experiencing is how this mobile experience can fully absorb and disconnect us from the environment around us. The authors of this paper want to re-focus the actual role of the environment in the design of the smart city experiences. Integrating site-specific artworks with smart technologies, the goal of this research is to put the emphasis back into the environment as a place where everyone can engage and enjoy regardless of ability and/ or disability. This paper reports on the early conceptual stages of the Cardiff Bay Barrage project. It will highlight how the work (thinking and feeling) of artists, computer scientists, writers and engineers in alignment with the needs of industrial partners Cardiff Council and Philips Lighting Ltd. can bring 'inclusivity' to the experience of all/any visitors to Cardiff Bay Barrage. This paper presents the 'pattern making' process involved in the preparation for gathering and validating of initial requirements to support the overall design for this inclusive experience.


We investigated the dependence of absolute SnS band-edge energies on surface orientation using density functional theory and GW method for all surfaces with Miller indices −3≤h,k,l≤3 and found variations as large as 0.9 eV as a function of (hkl). Variations of this magnitude may affect significantly the performance of photovoltaic devices based on polycrystalline SnS thin-films and, in particular, may contribute to the relatively low measured open circuit voltage of SnS solar cells. X-ray diffraction measurements confirm that our thermally evaporated SnS films exhibit a wide distribution of different grain orientations, and the results of Kelvin force microscopy support the theoretically predicted variations of the absolute band-edge energies.


The electromagnetic reflection characteristics of a system of nonideal isotropic dielectrics in nearly ideal wave guides are formally developed. The general analytical results are applied to several cases of practical importance. Consideration is given to the manner of deriving optimum characteristics of flow calorimeters normally used for microwave measurements of power. Other applications include the determination of the complex dielectric constant of high loss quid dielectrics. Considerations relating to bandwidth of microwave calorimeters are included.


The paper analyzes the problem in FSSS protection logic design for Shaanxi Huadian Pucheng Power Generation Corp. Ltd.. The paper studies all factors effecting the accuracy of fire extinguishing protection in No. 1 boiler. The software retrofitting scheme are put forward for FSSS protection logic of No.1 boiler. The effectiveness is verified in the process of commissioning, and safe and stable operation of unit is ensured.


Rnf8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a key role in the DNA damage response as well as in the maintenance of telomeres and chromatin remodeling. Rnf8−/− mice exhibit developmental defects and increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis. We observed that levels of p53, a central regulator of the cellular response to DNA damage, increased in Rnf8−/− mice in a tissue- and cell type–specific manner. To investigate the role of the p53-pathway inactivation on the phenotype observed in Rnf8−/− mice, we have generated Rnf8−/−p53−/− mice. Double-knockout mice showed similar growth retardation defects and impaired class switch recombination compared to Rnf8−/− mice. In contrast, loss of p53 fully rescued the increased apoptosis and reduced number of thymocytes and splenocytes in Rnf8−/− mice. Similarly, the senescence phenotype of Rnf8−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts was rescued in p53 null background. Rnf8−/−p53−/− cells displayed defective cell cycle checkpoints and DNA double-strand break repair. In addition, Rnf8−/−p53−/− mice had increased levels of genomic instability and a remarkably elevated tumor incidence compared to either Rnf8−/− or p53−/− mice. Altogether, the data in this study highlight the importance of p53-pathway activation upon loss of Rnf8, suggesting that Rnf8 and p53 functionally interact to protect against genomic instability and tumorigenesis.


Vision-based navigation is extremely susceptible to natural scene changes. This can result in localization failures in less than a few hours after map creation. To combat short-term illumination changes as well as long-term seasonal variations, we propose using a place-and-time-dependent binary descriptor that adapts to different scenarios in an online fashion. This is achieved by extending the GRIEF [6] evolution algorithm in two ways: correspondence generation using a known pose change and the inclusion of LATCH triplets in addition to BRIEF comparisons for descriptor generation. We show the adaptive descriptor outperforms a single descriptor scheme for localization within a single-experience Visual Teach and Repeat (VT&R) system while maintaining the efficiency of binary descriptors. By adapting the description function to different environmental conditions, it allows the system to operate for a longer period before a new experience is required. In the presence of extreme illumination changes from day to night, we obtain 40% more inlier matches compared to SURF. In the case of seasonal variations, a 70% increase is demonstrated. The increased correspondences result in more localizable sections along the paths, amounting to a 25% and 150% increase in the lighting and seasonal cases, respectively.


This is a follow-up study on the Japanese sample of Japan-US cross-national project concerning the maternal influence upon the cognitive development i pre-school years. In order to test he longitudinal generalizability of the findings from our pre-school study, IQ and school achievement scores were assessed at age 11: 0 for 44 out of 58 Japanese sample, and were examined in relation to pre-school cognitive measures and to early maternal factors. As a general picture, the level of cognitive performance was moderately stable throughout pre-school and school years. Non-verbal cognitive measures atpre-school age showed conspicuously high correlation with the present IQs, and important role of non-verbal skills at early age was suggested as the basis of later cognitive development. The correlational patterns of early maternal factors with the present cognitive measures (at 11:0) were almost similar to those found in the pre-school study. These results uggest that environmental and maternal factors determine child's development not only in early age but also constitute long term and cumulative effect upon later cognitive development.


For many years, bug-tracking mechanism is employed only in some of the large software development houses. Our aim is to distinguish the very fast and the very slow bugs in order to prioritize which bugs to start with and which to exclude at the mean time respectively. We used naïve Bayes classifier to compute our prediction model of the data of four systems taken from three large open source projects Mozilla, Eclipse and Gnome. Conventional procedure of simply relying on shared lists and email to monitor the status of defects is error-prone and tends to cause those bugs judged least significant by developers to be dropped or ignored. Bug(Defect) Tracking System allows individual or groups of developers to keep track of outstanding bugs in product, solution or an application effectively. The Bug Tracking System can dramatically increase the productivity and accountability of individual employees by providing a documented workflow and positive feedback for good performance. Some salient features are ... 1. Product and Component based 2. Creating & Changing Bugs at ease 3. Query Bug List to any depth 4. User Accounts to control the access and maintain security 5. Simple Status & Resolutions 6. Multi-level Priorities & Severities. 7. Targets & Milestones for guiding the programmers.