Aluminum alloys have been widely used in civil fields and war industry as structural materials due to their good corrosion resistance,electrical conductivity,thermal conductivity and high specific strength.But there is a serious problem of welding joints softening in welding process,which limits greatly the application of aluminum alloys.It is found that improving the composition of aluminum alloy welding wire can refine grains and enhance the mechanical properties of welding joints. Of all micro-alloying additions to aluminum,Sc offers the greatest potential for developing new light weight structural materials with excellent mechanical properties,good welding performance,desirable corrosion and creep resistance,due to the formation of extremely fine,coherent Al_3Sc particles,which can effectively refine grains and inhibit recrystallization.This aspect permits to increase the possible use of commercial aluminum alloys.The strengthening mechanism is due to the coherent thermodynamically stable particles with ordered Ll_2 structure.Addition of sufficient amount of magnesium can enhance the nucleation rate of Al_3Sc.It was shown that clusters of Mg atoms were found at the center of Al_3Sc particles,suggesting that Mg promotes nucleation of these particles.Moreover,addition of zirconium substitutes for scandium(for up to half of the scandium atoms) to form Al_3(Sc,Zr) precipitates, which are more resistant to coarsening than binary Al_3Sc precipitates.Micro-alloying aluminum alloy welding wires which can be strengthened by heat treatment were designed by adding Mg,Sc and Zr to the traditional 4043 aluminum alloy welding wire,and the heat treatment process was optimized. Welding experiment was carried out using the traditional 4043 aluminum alloy welding wire and micro-alloying aluminum alloy welding wires.After comparing the microstructures and mechanical properties of welding joints,it was found that the mechanical properties of welding joints could be improved when adding 0.25%Mg to the 4043 aluminum alloy welding wire.The yield strength increased by 12%and the tensile strength increased by 10%,while the elongation remained constant substantially. After 530℃,2 h+170℃,6 h heat treatment,the yield strength of the welding joints increased by 105%and the tensile strength increased by 54%.The additions of Sc and Zr to the welding wires resulted in the finer grains significantly,raising the number of strengthening phase and increasing the strength of the welding ioints.


This paper presents a review of multifarious applications of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) in diverse fields. The development of the image retrieval in all the various fields is increasing due to the researcher's interest. Matching of the images plays a crucial role in CBIR as it reflects on the performance. As in recent years visual query became popular due to some pitfalls in the text retrieval systems. In today's era it becomes difficult to manage huge database on web with contains digital data, so use of CBIR becomes a better choice. Keywords—Classification, Image Matching, Image Search, Content –Based Image Retrieval (CBIR)


Of the renewable resources of The Biosphere, agricultural land, including its water resources, is very high among the most important, because it is elemental for human and domestic-animal life. The stability and sustained fertility of the soil largely depend on both prevailing soil–climate conditions and on anthropogenic influences. There are strict limits to the human interference which soil substrates, ground, soil, and surface water, flora, fauna, and microorganisms, can tolerate under moderate, let alone subtropical and tropical, soil–climate conditions. Economic, social, and aesthetic, yield of agricultural resources is limited even where economically and technically optimal use is made of capital and labour. A 'maximum sustainable yield' varies as a function of the soil–climate location, the established land-use system, and the technology applied, but only as long as this yield is not exceeded is the enduring availability of the resource ensured. With the demand for land and energy to produce food and agricultural raw materials rising throughout the world, per caput food production continuing to fall (especially in Africa), and the cultivated area per caput declining worldwide, the urgent question for the long term is how to preserve the natural resources of water, soil, and vegetation cover, and how to arrest desertification, deforestation, salinization, soil degradation, and soil erosion. These reflections centre on the call for farming systems which are suited to given locations and do no harm to the environment, and also for sustainability of agricultural production—two aspects which have been badly neglected in the past. The necessary simultaneous tasks of developing farming systems and preserving resources, can be tackled only in relation to specific locations and in a conducive development 'climate', where appropriate general conditions prevail. As a rule, the microeconomic development options for coping with these tasks can be improved only at a supra-farm and community level, and require new, environmentally oriented national agricultural and rural development policies.


Abstract The syntactic and semantic analyses of 2,500 dish names retrieved from 112 restaurant, tavern, and patisserie menus in Eastern Macedonia and in Thrace in Northern Greece show that only a small number of concepts are denoted by the heads of these noun phrases (NPs): Main Ingredient (MI) of a dish, Way of preparation, Part or Cuts (for MIs with an animal as a source), and the word "portion." Seventy percent of the dish names are headed by a noun denoting the MI or the Way of preparation in which case the MI is introduced by a modifier of the head. Syntactically, these are mostly normal Modern Greek NPs, although NPs consisting of adjacent nouns offer fertile grounds for discussing aspects of compound formation in this language. This study has instructed the structuring of a knowledge base aimed to support applications in gastronomic tourism (menu translation, provision of gastronomic, dietary, and cultural information about the foods).


Phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) and G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) desensitize β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling, and these are thought to be mechanisms involved with cell and organ homeostasis and tolerance to agonists. However, there is little direct evidence that these events are relevant to β2AR physiological function, such as airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxation leading to bronchodilation. To maintain cell- and receptor-specificity without altering the natural complement of kinases/arrestins, transgenic mice were generated expressing the human WT and mutated β2ARs lacking PKA and/or GRK phosphorylation sites on ASM at ≈4-fold over background. Functional gains in response to β-agonist from the selective loss of these mechanisms were determined in mouse airways. Relaxation kinetics were altered in all mutant airways compared with β2WT. At low receptor occupancy, β2PKA(-) had enhanced agonist-promoted relaxation, while β2GRK(-) airways were unaffected. In contrast, at saturating agonist concentrations, the greatest relaxation enhancement was with β2GRK(-), with no evidence for additivity when PKA sites were also removed. For the full range of responses, the β2PKA(-)/GRK(-) airways had the greatest relaxation efficiency, indicating a graded effect of GRKs as agonist concentration increased. ASM cAMP levels paralleled relaxation phenotypes. No interaction between PKA phosphorylation of β2AR and GRK-promoted events was identified by β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Thus, these two mechanisms indeed impact a relevant β2AR physiologic function, acting as attenuators of the acute response, and represent specific interfaces where adjunct therapy or biased ligands may improve β-agonist treatment of obstructive lung disease.


In this paper, we have developed a five-compartmental epidemic model with Chlamydia infection. We have divided the total population into five classes, namely susceptible, exposed, infective in asymptomatic phase, infective in symptomatic phase and recovered class. The basic reproduction number (R0) is calculated using the next-generation matrix method. The stability analysis of the model shows that the system is locally asymptotically stable at the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) E0 when R0 1, an endemic equilibrium E1 exists and the system becomes locally asymptotically stable at E1 under some conditions. We have also discussed the Chlamydia epidemic model with two treatment controls. An objective functional is considered which is based on a combination of minimizing the number of exposed and infective individuals and the cost of treatment. Then an optimal control pair is obtained which minimizes the objective functional. Our numerical findings are illustrated through computer simulations using MATLAB, which show the reliability of our model from the practical point of view. Epidemiological implications of our analytical findings are addressed critically.


In this study, We proposed an algorithm that reconstructs the morphology of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) measured from a smartphone camera. Clinical Relevance— This paper contributed to the PPG reconstruction with correlation R value with 0.943 from smartphone camera.


An original and general method is proposed to predict the impact of electromagnetic effects due to the environment on the error performance of microwave communications systems. The method is based on the concept of a process-oriented model which consists of a simplified representation of the physical phenomenon responsible for transmission impairments and simulates its influence on the signals received by any given communications link. The method yields a thorough characterization of the system impairments in both the time domain, by calculating the fluctuations of the received signal during the evolution of the physical process, and the frequency domain, by inferring the communication channel transfer function from the frequency dependence of the received waveform. In addition, by introducing the simulated channel transfer function as a filter in a communications system simulation software, the method evaluates the degradation induced in the system performance. Three applications as different as scintillation due to turbulence in clouds, depolarization by rain and ice crystals, and interference in the presence of diffraction on obstacles demonstrate the ability of the method to deal with actual radio-communications system impairments.


inequality as inequality in citizens' actual capacity to influence political outcomes in ways favourable to their interests and values. Political inequalities are due to a variety of factors, which often influence one another as well as one another's effects. Depending on their sources and their effects, political inequalities may be good or bad or neutral from a moral point of view. I focus here on one source of political inequality which is generally considered to be unambiguously bad (though some defend it as a lesser evil). This is the political inequality arising from voters being assigned to territorially defined constituencies each of which sends one delegate to the legislature through a First-Past-The-Pole (FPTP, or "winner-takes-all") procedure. Such a legislative-election scheme disadvantages voters who, in terms of their interests and values, belong to a group that forms a minority within their electoral district. Insofar as the interests and values of such a group are opposed to those of the majority in the district, any political party must field a candidate who reflects the interests and values of the majority if it is to have any realistic prospect of winning the seat. And voters of the minority group will then be unable to ensure that their interests and values are represented in the legislature. This inability may be tolerable, if such a minority group exists in very few districts. But it seems unfair when a large group, far more numerous than a typical district electorate, cannot secure representation in the legislature simply because it is widely dispersed over many electoral districts. Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Catholics, homosexuals, environmentalists, and single mothers may be such (mutually overlapping) dispersed groups which constitute large fractions of the national electorate in Canada or the U.S. and yet are, by themselves, utterly incapable of voting even a single one of their own into the legislature. Such dispersed minorities are politically disadvantaged in comparison to geographically concentrated minorities, such as the Mormons, who are better able to secure legislative representation proportionate to their numbers. And they are even more dramatically disadvantaged in comparison to the preponderant heterosexual white Anglo-Saxon Protestant majority, which achieves significant overrepresentation. In a pluralistic or multicultural society, constituencybased FPTP electoral rules may easily sustain an enduring divideand-rule cycle: the rules divide minorities through district lines into many territorial subgroups, each of which is too small to be able to make its members' votes count toward a candidate of their own. In Self-Constituting Constituencies 27


Earthquake induced flow slides of saturated or partially saturated sloping ground have taken place in man-made earth structures during past earthquakes. Two series of dynamic centrifuge model tests (1:50 scale) were conducted to simulate the behavior of embankment fills and infinite slopes resting on a stiff sloping base. Conditions that yield earthquake-induced flow slide were investigated. The test parameters included soil density, slope angle, level of phreatic water and shaking intensity. The test results showed that downward deformation increased with decreasing soil density, increasing phreatic water elevation and shaking intensity, and that there existed a threshold soil density below which flow slides occurred. Undrained monotonic loading torsional simple shear tests were also conducted. Conditions inducing very large deformation or flow slide that were obtained by the undrained shear tests were consistent with those observed in the model tests.


For the past five years, the 2-satellite Sentinel-1 constellation has provided abundant and useful Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, which have the potential to reveal global ground surface deformation at high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, for most users, fully exploiting the large amount of associated data is challenging, especially over wide areas. To help address this challenge, we have developed LiCSBAS, an open-source SAR interferometry (InSAR) time series analysis package that integrates with the automated Sentinel-1 InSAR processor (LiCSAR). LiCSBAS utilizes freely available LiCSAR products, and users can save processing time and disk space while obtaining the results of InSAR time series analysis. In the LiCSBAS processing scheme, interferograms with many unwrapping errors are automatically identified by loop closure and removed. Reliable time series and velocities are derived with the aid of masking using several noise indices. The easy implementation of atmospheric corrections to reduce noise is achieved with the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR (GACOS). Using case studies in southern Tohoku and the Echigo Plain, Japan, we demonstrate that LiCSBAS applied to LiCSAR products can detect both large-scale (>100 km) and localized (~km) relative displacements with an accuracy of <1 cm/epoch and ~2 mm/yr. We detect displacements with different temporal characteristics, including linear, periodic, and episodic, in Niigata, Ojiya, and Sanjo City, respectively. LiCSBAS and LiCSAR products facilitate greater exploitation of globally available and abundant SAR datasets and enhance their applications for scientific research and societal benefit.


The Bagisarinae is a relatively small subfamily of the Noctuidae, with 19 described species known from the New World, all in the genus Bagisara. Eleven of these species occur within the borders of the United States (Franclemont and Todd, 1983:134; Ferguson, 1997). Bagisara laverna is reported in this paper for the first time from southeastern Arizona, bringing the total number of Bagisara species recorded in the United States to 12 species. Bagisara laverna Druce occurs from at least central Mexico to Honduras (Ferguson, 1997). There are specimens in the United States National Museum (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, from several states in Mexico, including Nayarit, Jalisco, Morelos, Veracruz, and San Luis Potosi. The specimens that were collected closest to the United States in the USNM are those from San Luis Potosi at El Naranjo, south of El Salto Falls and west of Antiguo Morelos (Tamaulipas). Bagisara laverna seems to occur in a broad variety of habitats, as the Mexican records are from both xeric and mesic habitats. There are additional specimens in the USNM indicating that the range of this species extends southward at least to Costa Rica (Ferguson, pers. comm.). On the night of 2 Aug 1999, a female specimen of Bagisara laverna (Figure) was collected in Portal (at the Portal Lodge), Cochise Co., Arizona. The specimen was attracted to a sheet illuminated by a 1000-watt, frosted mercury vapor bulb. The habitat surrounding the lodge is relatively dry scrub, but Portal lies just east of the Chiricahua Mountains, which generate some of their own rainfall during the summer months and are significantly more lush than the area immediately around Portal. If there are established populations of B. laverna in southeastern Arizona, which would seem likely since the specimen I collected is relatively fresh, then investigation of areas near potential larval foodplants could prove fruitful. Larval foodplants are known for very few of the Bagisara species, however, though in all cases the larvae have been recorded from plants in the Malvaceae (Ferguson, 1997). It is likely that other specimens of Bagisara laverna are in collections of material from Mexican states (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora) along the border of the United States and even from southern Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Figure 1 should help investigators identify the species. Particularly characteristic of B. laverna are the tricolored, transverse lines on the forewing. As can be seen in Fig. 1, the outside of the two outer transverse lines is grayish-white, with yellow-orange to the inside, and highlighted with darker gray (compared with the ground color) medially. The species is also large relative to most other species of Bagisara found in the United States (forewing length: 16-19mm [Ferguson, 1997]; figured specimen = 17mm).


This paper presents a high-precision three-dimensional laser measurement system of an architectural structure by cooperative multiple mobile robots. This system is composed of three mobile robots, that is, a parent robot and two child robots. The parent robot is equipped with a three-dimensional laser scanner, attitude sensor, total station, and auto-leveling device. On the other hand, the child robots are equipped with six corner mirrors. The parent robot moves and stops repeatedly, and measures a three-dimensional architectural shape using the equipped laser scanner at several positions. Meanwhile, the child robots also move and stop alternately, and act as mobile landmarks for the positioning of the parent robot. By replacing or newly installing several devices/mechanisms, the precision of the proposed system becomes incomparably higher than our previous system. We report the system achieves quite high accuracy of 0.03 0.05% of targets' size through indoor/outdoor experiments. We apply the proposed technique for the shape measurement system of tunnels under construction and verify that the accuracy of the developed system is as high as a conventional ground-fixed laser scanner.


Trial independent college is a new probe to higher education reform. It is an inevitable product of social and economic development, requires a new management model. We should solve the problems arising in its development so as to guarantee the healthy and fast development.


Abstract Based on the Lobatto quadrature, we develop several new closed form approximations to the mathematical constant e. For validating effectiveness of our approximations, a comparison of our results to the existing approximations is also presented. Another objective of our work is to inspire students to formulate other better approximations by using the presented approach. Because of the level of mathematics, the presented work is easily embraceable in an undergraduate class.


Strong mutual coupling between closely spaced elements in compact antenna arrays may cause significant system performance degradation, such as reduction in gain and signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, an efficient technique utilizing the defected ground structure (DGS) to reduce the mutual coupling between antenna elements is studied. A compact printed monopole array with a novel defected ground structure is proposed. Both simulated and measured results validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure in mutual coupling reduction while maintaining the compactness of the total array.


Performance failure of ruling-capability means ineffectiveness of administrative achievement in the development and maintenance of ruling-capability. Ruling capability will get rid of dilemma of performance failure only by the idea awakening beyond achievement,the ethic and legal regulation of administrative performance and the construction of index system of ruling-capability in an all round way.


For transit services operated by competitive public companies, as in Hong Kong, the objectives of the companies are not to minimize the total traveler and/or infrastructure construction costs, but to optimize their profits. Other than engaging in a Bertrand Game, companies may also compete via their service frequencies. As evident in Hong Kong, the intense competition has led to a very visible phenomenon-companies putting more and more buses on major (profitable) corridors, leading to significant increases in congestion on them. This study aims to analyze such externality pricing through bus tolling. The result shows that bus tolling can be a promising congestion management tool.


This paper presents some observations on the syntax and semantics of the Tagalog phrase marking particles ang, ng, and sa. While there is some evidence for the widely held view that the phrase marking particles form a kind of paradigm in that they are at least in partial complementary distribution, they diUer signiVcantly in their distributional characteristics. Consequently, it will be argued that sa heads prepositional phrases, while ang and ng head higher-level phrases (i. e. phrases where PPs occur as complements or adjuncts). These phrases may be considered DPs, although they diUer in a number of regards from DPs in European languages. Because of these diUerences, their status as determiners may be open to questions, but there can be little doubt that ang and ng provide examples par excellence for functional elements displaying (syntactic) head characteristics. Analyzing ang and ng as determiners raises the issue of how they relate to other elements which are usually considered determiners, in particular demonstratives. This problem is taken up in the second main part of the article. It is proposed that demonstratives may in fact occur in two diUerent phrase-structural positions, i. e., they occur both as alternate heads instead of ang and ng and as their complements. 1 This paper was originally presented at the special panel session Noun Phrase Structures: Functional Elements and Reference Tracking at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics 2006 in Palawan/Philippines. It has been updated slightly, but no attempt has been made to cover more recent developments in the analysis of phrase structure in general, and noun phrase structure in particular.I am grateful to the organisers of the panel, Simon Musgrave and Michael Ewing, for inviting me to this panel. I would also like to thank Jan Strunk for very helpful comments on a pre-conference version of this paper. And I owe very special thanks to Dan Kaufman for detailed, rigorous and challenging comments on a written draft which have helped to clarify some issues and prevented some lapses. Unfortunately, it was not possible to deal with all the challenges in suXcient detail here, a task I therefore will have to leave for the future. Jens Fleischhauer, Anja Latrouite & Rainer Osswald (eds.). 2015. Explorations of the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Düsseldorf: dup. 315 Nikolaus P. Himmelmann


markable. The material on his early days in Mississippi, which were rarely discussed previously by other writers, is outstanding. Sawyer has a good straightforward writing style that manages to convey a great deal of information on an interesting subject without becoming duller than the subject itself or overly sentimental. The main text is supplemented with five appendices that deal with Jim Crow, plantation organisation and lynchings, the problems of oral history, an analysis of a B. B. King guitar solo and a note on the photographers. There is also a thirty-page annotated discography and a thorough index. Throughout the book Sawyer displays a rare combination of talents in research, writing, musical analysis and photography. With this, his first book, Charles Sawyer's own 'arrival' in the field of blues scholarship would appear to be as significant as B. B. King's in blues music.


A bacterium, identified as Microbacterium liquefaciens MIM-CG-9535-I, was isolated from a soil sample taken from the industrial site of a gelatin manufacturer. A new type of protease, which restrictively decomposes gelatin at one or two positions, was purified from the bacterial culture. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 21 kDa by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme specifically degraded the α-chain of gelatin with a molecular weight of 100 kDa into two peptides of 60 kDa and 40 kDa. Native collagen was not a substrate for the enzyme.


Students enrolling in undergraduate level introductory earth science courses often have little or no science background. For lecture format courses, demonstrations or hands-on activities used to illustrate geologic concepts may be valuable teaching tools to facilitate student learning. Demonstrations using materials with which students have familiarity can be especially effective. We used peanut M&M's® in a series of classroom demonstrations to illustrate concepts of physical and chemical weathering, sediment transportation, and deposition. Student response to this and other demonstrations has been favorable. The demonstrations have fostered student interest in lectures. Results from student learning surveys indicate that most students found such classroom demonstrations aided their understanding of the course material. In particular, when asked about specific aspects of the course and the relationship to learning, most students considered physical activities to be more effective in their learning than other course-related activities such as reading the textbook or working on non-physical group activities.


The comparative analysis of CRM-systems is provided in this article in order to define the most effective software, which would be able to solve problems appearing in companies selling coupons.


TiO2 varistors are typical electronic devices with nonlinear current-voltage property fabricated from TiO2 ceramics. This study investigated the influence of Ge doping on the nonlinear coefficient α and the breakdown electric field EB of TiO2-Nb2O5-CaCO3 varistor ceramics. TiO2-Nb2O5-CaCO3 varistor ceramics doped with Ge were successfully prepared by using traditional method of ball milling-molding-sintering. The electrical performance, including nonlinear coefficient α, breakdown electric field EB, and leakage current JL, was tested with a varistor-direct current-parameter instrument. Average barrier height ΦB of each sample was calculated by relevant formula. Analysis of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electronic microscopy demonstrated that Ge doping notably changed the microstructure of TiO2-Nb2O5-CaCO3 ceramics, thereby increasing α and decreasing EB. When Nb2O5 and CaCO3 doping content were 0.5mol%, the TiO2-Nb2O5-CaCO3 varistor ceramics doping with 1.0 mol% Ge exhibited high α (10.6), low EB (8.7 V/mm), and highest ΦB (1.73 eV), superior to previous published findings. Furthermore, Ge with low melting point as sintering aid could reduce the sintering temperature of the varistor ceramics, with optimal sintering temperature at 1300°C.


ABSTRACT The Norwegian-Russian border area is polluted by sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from a Russian nickel smelter in the city of Nikel. We studied the effects of daily variations in SO, on the lung function levels of people on both sides of the border. A cross-sectional population-based study was performed among adults in Sor-Varanger, Norway (n=3438) and Nikel, Russia (n= 1613). All subjects were assigned 24h mean SO2 concentrations for their day of screening and the day before on basis of residency. The SO;-con-centrations were compared with the daily recordings of forced expiratory volume in one second expressed as percentage of the predicted value (FEV1% predicted). In Sor-Varanger, no significant associations between SO, and FEV1% predicted were found. In Nikel, FEV1% predicted was exceeded non-systematically in some of the exposure categories (10-50, 50-90, or >90 μg/m3) compared to the reference exposure group (0-10 μg/m1). In conclusion, neither of the study populations suffered from a measurable reduction in lung function when SO2 increased above the reference level. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2001; 60: 342-359)


The artistic aerobatics have the unique esthetics value,its itself esthetic education function regarding cultivates the adopted daughter university student's beautiful sensation,the beautiful physique,the beautiful appreciation,the beautiful makings and fosters the noble moral excellence to have the enormous promoter action.At present in the universities the sports esthetic education on the rise,the artistic aerobatics took the concurrently movement and esthetics value sports project,presents time the tendency which welcomes,however from develops looked,its rich connotation and the nimble form still treated full excavating with the positive promotion.


This study attempted to understand MetaHuman and character makeup and suggest the unlimited growth possibility of 3D character makeup design. For this, 3D character makeup curriculums were investigated, using MetaHuman. The goal is to learn how to use the MetaHuman Creator of Unreal Engine and create 3D digital characters according to current trends. In terms of research methods, the theoretical background of MetaHuman and 3D character makeup was examined through analysis of literature materials and previous studies. In addition, a 15-week 3D character makeup curriculum was developed. The results found that 3D character makeup courses are MetaHuman makeup and computer graphics-converged courses which are needed to build makeup specialist competencies in the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and digital era. If such educational system is established, and a well-organized curriculum is developed, diverse courses converging makeup and computer graphics would further appear. It is anticipated that the study results would expand the field of creative 3D character makeup design and keep promoting makeup industry-IT technology convergence studies.


Over the past few years, analysis of successful manufacturing and retail companies shows that in today's hyper-competitive business environment, supply chain efficiency is a necessary condition for survival. Falling margins, globalization, and accelerating innovation cycles are forcing businesses to switch from traditional supply chains to new pattern of supply chain which needs to respond to their environment in near real time. During the transition, companies must map the three key process enablers-the management of visibility, velocity, and variability-to the three key information enablers-quality, timeliness, and depth of information. Therefore, to create the new supply chain networks from the adaptation point of view, companies must advance through three specific stages to the evolution which are integrated, collaborative, and adaptive.


For the synthesis of peptides various methods are avail able. A detailed survey of such methods is given in the following articles: J. S. Fruton, Advances in Protein Chemistry 5, 1 (1949); Th. Wieland, Angew. Chemie 63, 7 (1951) and 65,507 (1954). In the syntheses which start from amino acids or lower peptides, use is generally made of a temporary blocking of one of the two reactive groups of the mole cule to obtain identical products. In these coupling re actions the amino group of the first component is often protected and the carboxyl group is brought into a more reactive form, so that it can react with the free amino group of the second component, the carboxyl group of which is protected preferably by esterification. For temporarily blocking the amino group use is fre quently made of the conversion of the amino acid or the peptide into the carbobenzyloxy compound which has the advantage that herefrom in a mild way, e. g. by re duction, the free amino compound can again be prepared. In N-acylated compounds the amino group can only be set free by the action of a hydrolysing agent, in which it should be seen to that no peptide bond is broken. Of the known methods to form a peptide bond are mentioned: the method by Curtius, in which the carboxyl group of the first reaction component is converted into the acid azide group which can react with a free amino 10


Based on mastering the gas parameters of each gas outburst seam opening in the new mine auxiliary shaft of Taoyuan Mine,Huaibei Coal Mining,according to the outburst seam opening features in the deep mine shaft,the technology to safe open and pass through outburst seam with pressure flushing boreholes in the mine shaft was provided.According to the high outburst danger and poor permeability of the seam and the gas not easy emission features due to the water in the downward borehole of the mine shaft,a safety seam opening technology with detection,consolidation and pressure flushing borehole was conducted.The practices showed that the new auxiliary mine shaft had a successful opening and passing through No.72 and No.82 outburst seams and had solved the technical difficulties of the mine shaft construction,which could provide the technical references for the mine shaft at home and abroad to safely open outburst seam.


Means of reducing the systematic errors of amplitude direction-finders due to properties of the small-base antennas - spacing errors and the mutual influence of the antenna components - are considered.


Root - the most important vegetative plant organ with a complex morphology and structure multiple functions in communication with the underground plant components of the environment. The development of the root system of 3 species of Astragalus in ontogeny, studied in the south of Kazakhstan. The root of Astragalus turczaninovii seedlings in the sowing (April) clearly expressed rod length of 14-17 mm. In juvenile plant root length of 16-21 mm, lateral roots 5 mm. On hypocotyl marked transverse folds and wrinkles, which is a sign of the root retraction.


Background: The aim is to study the sequence of events contributing the survival of wrist electrical burns and reconstructive options for salvage of soft tissue of electrical burns of wrist. Methods: Data of patients with high tension electrical burns involving the wrist admitted in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. There were 17 patients with electrical burns with wrist injury. Patients from age 18 to 65 years were included in the study. Patients were subjected to bio immunoassay, infrared thermography, indocyanine fluorescent scan, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and reconstructive procedures. Results: Among 17 patients, 16 were male. Their age ranged from 20 to 61 years. The injury resulted from 11 kv voltage line most often and the patients were admitted within a day of injury. All patients were subjected to multiple staged procedures of debridement and reconstruction. 7 patients were subjected to amputation of the limb, 5 patients subjected to reconstruction in terms of abdominal flap and 4 with groin flap and one perforator plus flap was used to cover the wrist defect. Conclusions: Wrist electrical burns due to its crucial location, requires knowledge on disease process, if ignored will directly lead to significant morbidity. Utilisation of newer modalities will help in timely intervention and salvage of the limb.


A significant number of patients with chest pains who undergo coronary angiography (20–30%) have normal coronary arteries. Up to 50% of this group are eventually diagnosed as Panic Disorder and most continue to complain of their symptoms, in spite of the normal coronary angiogram. We hypothesized that the cognitions of panic disorder subjects on presentation with chest pain would differ from those of patients suffering from true angina pectoris.


Studied in this paper is the control design problem for T-S fuzzy systems with actuator saturation and time-varying delay. By using the PDC technique, the Razumikhin stability theorem and the LMI approach, a delay-dependent criterion for asymptotic stability of the closed-loop fuzzy systems is established, and the design method of fuzzy controller is presented. The problem of estimating the domain of attraction for T-S fuzzy systems is obtained by solving such LMIs. We finally propose a design procedure for the fuzzy controller that maximizes the estimation of the domain of attraction.


4079 Background: HER2 mutations are infrequent genomic events in biliary tract cancers (BTCs) and are associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic disease. HER2 overexpression is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence in patients with resected BTC. There is limited data on targeting HER2 in BTC harboring activating somatic HER2 mutations. Neratinib, an irreversible, pan-HER, oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, interferes with constitutive receptor kinase activation and has demonstrated activity in several HER2-mutant solid tumors. Methods: SUMMIT is an open-label, single-arm, multi-cohort, phase 2, 'basket' trial of neratinib in patients with solid tumors harboring oncogenic HER2 somatic mutations. The primary objective of the BTC cohort was to estimate objective response rate (ORR). Secondary objectives were clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), OS, response duration, safety, and tolerability. Retrospective central confirmation of locally reported HER2 mutation (next-generation sequencing on archival or fresh tumor tissue using MSK-IMPACT or in cfDNA extracted from plasma by MSK-ACCESS) and association with outcome was an exploratory endpoint. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01953926). Results: 25 treatment-refractory patients with metastatic BTC were enrolled (11 cholangiocarcinoma, 10 gallbladder, 4 ampullary cancers). ORR was 16% (95% CI 4.5–36.1%) and CBR was 28% (95% CI 12.1–49.4%). Median PFS and OS were 2.8 (95% CI 1.1–3.7) and 5.4 (95% CI 3.7–11.7) months, respectively. Median PFS for the gallbladder, cholangiocarcinoma and ampulla cohorts was 3.7 (95% CI 0.8–6.4), 1.4 (95% CI 0.5–9.1), and 1.1 (95% CI 1.1–3.8) months, respectively. Corresponding median OS values in these cohorts were 9.8 (95% CI 2.4–NE), 5.4 (95% CI 0.8–16.2), and 5.0 (95% CI 3.7–10.2) months, respectively. Central mutation confirmation was feasible for 23 of 25 patients; 22 were concordant with enrolment assays. The most common HER2 mutations were S310F (n = 11; 48%) and V777L (n = 4; 17%). Exploratory analyses suggested worse outcomes for HER2-mutant tumors with co-occurring oncogenic TP53 and CDKN2A alterations. Loss of amplified HER2 S310F and acquisition of multiple previously undetected oncogenic co-mutations were identified at progression in one of four responders. Diarrhea (56% any grade) was the most common toxicity. Conclusions: Neratinib is tolerable with modest antitumor activity in patients with BTC harboring HER2 mutations. Although the primary endpoint was met, future studies should evaluate rational combinations to augment and/or prolong responses. Clinical trial information: NCT01953926.


528 Volume 44, Number 3 study must be praised. The author acknowledges this difficultly throughout the book and masterfully locates truth within folklore. Even within events of the last fifty years, the line between fact and fiction in martial arts is fluid. However, due to russo's thorough research, he is able to present an objective reality of the Bay Area's complex martial arts scene and its history. Having said this, it should be mentioned that Striking Distance is not primarily the history of Bruce lee, although russo still outlines his first six years in America. russo ultimately offers the story of Chinese martial arts and race in America. In this focus, russo does a superb job detailing the complexities and intersectionalities of race and martial arts in the tightknit Chinese community of the Bay Area. —Jared V. Walters Western University


Abstract The ex‐post facto cost of using private finance in roads is examined using a case study approach. The paper focuses on the first eight design, build, finance and operate (DBFO) roads commissioned by the UK Government's Highways Agency and paid for through a system of shadow tolls. It carries out a financial analysis of the publicly available accounting information from the Highways Agency and its private sector partners for the first 6 years since the start of the 30‐year schemes in 1997. Publicly available financial information about the schemes was found to be limited and opaque. In 3 years, the Highways Agency had paid more than the construction cost. It was unclear whether the payments were higher than expected at financial close. Its private sector partners reported a post‐tax return on capital of 29% and an effective cost of capital of 11% in 2002, twice the cost of public finance. However, operating through a complex web of subcontracting creates additional, undisclosed sources of profit for their parent companies that make it difficult to establish the total cost of using private finance. The paper questions the wisdom of using private finance by providing evidence about the cost, including the cost of risk transfer.


In this study, the spatiotemporal distributions, potential sources, and ecological risks of Hg, Cr, and As in seawater, and Hg, As, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in sediments from Daya Bay were investigated. The five-year average concentrations of Hg, Cr, and As in seawater were 0.020 μg/L, 0.79 μg/L, and 2.08 μg/L, respectively. The five-year average concentrations of Hg, As, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in surface sediments were 0.04 mg/kg, 7.34 mg/kg, 63.81 mg/kg, 0.23 mg/kg, 25.60 mg/kg, and 11.78 mg/kg, respectively. Annual variations in Hg, Cr, and As in seawater exhibited different trends. HMs in sediments, such as As, Zn, Pb, and Cu, exhibited similar annual variations, whereas Hg and Cd exhibited different annual variations. The spatial distribution of metal species in seawater and sediments showed significant variability, and the concentrations decreased gradually from the coast to the open sea. The comprehensive potential ecological hazard index (RI) of HMs in sediments indicated a relatively high risk, especially for Hg and Cd contamination. The geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) of As, Zn, Pb, and Cu suggested that these metals did not pollute Daya Bay, whereas those of Cd and Hg indicated mild and moderate pollution. The environmental fates of HMs were discussed based on Pearson correlation analysis, revealing that concentrations of HMs were greatly affected by parameters, such as pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total organic carbon (TOC). Principal component and factor analyses indicated that Hg, Cr, As, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in water originated from similar sources, including domestic sewage and wastewater from fishing ports, runoffs, and outlets. For sediments, it was proposed that Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and TOC exhibited similar sources, including cage culture and waste discharge from outlets. Meanwhile, Hg and Cd originated from other point sources, such as a harbor. The study suggests that sustainable management and economic development be integrated to control pollutant emissions in Daya Bay.


In many cases, full knowledge of the material properties is required to facilitate design of a composite structure. Even in cases where the planes of symmetry of the material are nominally well defined, significant variation of these planes can exist due to fiber misorientation and other variation. This paper presents initial results for determining the plane of symmetry of an orthotropic material and a monoclinic material. The concept is extensible to a triclinic material and does not assume a-priori knowledge of the material. The experiments are performed using contact ultrasonic measurements of small specimens are easily extended to the visco-elastic properties of the same materials.


The Story of Water Margin portrays two famous generals of the Song Dynasty: the senior general Zhong E and his nephew Zhong Shidao who were both from Shanxi. The novelist's intention was to glorify the eminent people of Shanxi and imply the painful reflection on the national subjugation of the Northern Song.


This research analyzes the effect of community structure upon individuals' probabilities of moving between 1985 and 1990. Using the full Census sample long form microdata for 1990, we re-allocate adult persons in 1990 to their 1985 county of residence. Then, using origin county macro-structural variables (derived from the Economic Census microdata) and individual characteristics (from Decennial Census microdata), we develop a two level hierarchical linear model. In level 1, we construct a logistic equation modeling individual probabilities of moving. In level 2, we model the contextual effects of origin community structure on these models. These contextual effects fall into two categories: 1) economic conditions that comprise the usual aggregate 'push' factors and 2) civic community factors that act to retain people in their community. Results specify the relationship between community context and individual migration patterns, and demonstrate effects of local economic structure and local civic structure on these individual probabilities. Most notably, we find that civic attributes of communities are associated with a propensity to stay in place, net of community economic factors and individual characteristics.


The Industrial Revolution decisively changed productivity growth rates. For successful economies, measured efficiency growth rates increased from close to zero to more than 1% in the blink of an eye in terms of the long history of human societies: seemingly within 50 years of 1800. Yet we lack any good account of what led to this epochal change. The paper reviews recent theories of the Industrial Revolution. Can the empirical implications of these theories can be reconciled with the historical facts? I find that most, but not all, of the models reviewed are inconsistent with the basic facts of the history of the Industrial Revolution. But one class of models, emphasizing endogenous growth, seems to offer some prospects.


We investigated the electrophysiological effect and antiarrhythmic potential of cinnamophilin (Cinn), a thromboxane A2 antagonist isolated from Cinnamomum philippinense, on rat cardiac tissues. Action potential and ionic currents in single rat ventricular cells were examined by current clamp or voltage clamp in a whole-cell configuration. In 9 episodes of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia, 10 μM Cinn converted 6 of them to normal sinus rhythm. Cinn suppressed the maximal rate of rise of the action potential upstroke (Vmax) and prolonged the action potential duration at 50% repolarization (APD50). Voltage clamp study showed that the suppression of Vmax by Cinn was associated with an inhibition of sodium inward current (INa, IC50 = 10.0 ± 0.4 μM). At 30 μM, V1/2 for the steady-state inactivation curve of INa was shifted from –84.1 ± 0.2 to –93.0 ± 0.5 mV. Cinn also reduced calcium inward current (ICa) dose-dependently with an IC50 value of 9.5 ± 0.3 μM. Cinn (10 μM) reduced the ICa with a negative shift of V1/2 for the steady-state inactivation curve of ICa from –32.2 ± 0.3 to –50.7 ± 0.4 mV. The prolongation of APD50 was associated with an inhibition of the integral of potassium outward current with IC50 values between 4.8 and 7.1 μM. At 10 μM, Cinn reduced INa without a negative shift of its voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation curves. The inhibition of transient outward current (Ito) by Cinn (3–30 μM) was associated with an acceleration of its time constant of inactivation and negative shift of its potential-dependent steady-state inactivation curves. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of Cinn to inhibit open state Ito channels, as calculated from the time constant of developing block, was 18.3 μM. The time constant of recovery of Ito from inactivation state was unaffected by Cinn. The rate constant for the relief from the depolarization-dependent block of Ito was calculated to be 23.9 ms. As compared with its effect on Ito, Cinn exerted about half the potency to block INa and ICa. These results indicate that the inhibition of INa, ICa and Ito may contribute to the antiarrhythmic activity of Cinn against ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia.


The various doctrinal positions established by the authors of the literature of law
Comercial been widely argued the legal nature of the Chambers of Commerce, their
functions and organs within them; For the above, it is necessary to make a
interpretation to the established line of decisions by the Constitutional Court on the subject
references, because the Chambers of Commerce, as regulated in the Code of Commerce
are "legal institutions" (Art. 78), private and they perform functions


TO THE EDITOR—We thank He and colleagues [1] for their attentive reading and interesting comments on our article, [2] which they recognize as a valuable study. In their comment, the authors questioned the methodology of our meta-analysis. Most questions have their answers in the Supplementary Data provided with the manuscript (available at: comprehensive methodology with our research strategy and bias evaluation following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) recommendations [3]. We would, however, like to take this opportunity to emphasize the importance of clinical vs statistical-driven medical progress based on the authors' questions. The authors proposed to choose the model of meta-analysis after a statistical test of heterogeneity (I 2 calculation). This common error is a perfect example of the inappropriate statistical-driven approach. Indeed, the selection of the model should be done a priori on the fact that dispersion could be imputed only to sampling error (fixed-effects model) or to real differences in effect size across studies (random-effects model) [4]. Hetero-geneity in study design (case reports, case series, cohort studies, clustered ran-domized controlled trial during an outbreak , record linkage studies), diagnostic techniques, and criteria among clinical studies on Q fever and pregnancy prevents the assumption that all dispersion of observed effects is due to sampling error. Conversely, some of the dispersion is expected to reflect real differences in effect size across studies, so the random-effects model should be selected regardless of the I 2. The authors rightly suggest the use of conventional methods, such as the New-castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, to perform a sensitivity analysis as usually recommended in meta-analysis. Once more, such an analysis is impossible herein because of the substantial heterogene-ity of the included studies as mentioned above and the fact that there are no published clinical case-control nor exposed -unexposed cohorts. From there, what decision to take? As medical experts of such a subtle disease as Q fever [5], we know that clinical expertise is critical and absolutely cannot be replaced by isolated biological criteria nor statistics on inaccurate public health data (as with population-based serological studies). That is why, although studies fo-cusing on biological parameters (serology) with improved methodology (case-control


The invention relates to a device for displacing a support for theatre objects, such as pieces of scenery and fittings, comprising a lifting device which is driven by at least one electric motor, an endless actuating belt which is guided over at least two guide rollers, and a position sensor which interacts with the actuating belt and is coupled to the electric motor for controlling it.


The applicability of a 5-μm-band CO laser to aluminum alloy welding has been investigated. Bead-on-plate welding tests were performed at a power of around 1 kW on various aluminum alloys, and macroscopic observation was made of cross sections of the samples. The penetration depth and threshold power at which the fusion zone shape changes from the heat conduction type to the keyhole type were compared with those obtained using a CO2 laser with similar output beam characteristics. It has been found that for all aluminum alloy samples, the CO laser gives a higher welding capability than the CO2 laser. Because an intense laser-induced plasma is not formed under the experimental conditions, the higher welding capability of the CO laser can be attributed to higher Fresnel absorption due to the shorter output wavelength of the CO laser.


Liver glycogen levels were determined for a pure stock of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) taken at three locations during spawning migration. The liver glycogen content of the male was found to...


From the semantic analysis angle, the naming of the study about Chinese describing personages mostly demonstrate its local cultural status. Specifically speaking, "the word describing", which is credit with "the word drawing", is one of the most important Chinese literature theory discourses. And "personages", which is being full of the rich cultural meaning, was always considered as the literature creation core. Because the core and pulse about "the Chinese theory of describing personages "are "expressively by the shape" coming from the drawing theory, the ideal truss of "study" about Chinese describing personages must be the organic system which is conformed by the traditional discourses, such as "describing appearance", "transmission facial expression", "designing the color" and " describing soul" and so on.


This study examines the types and extent of supplier development activities undertaken by an identified manufacturing firm, along with the importance of supplier development goals. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey of 26 respondents, consisting of officers, engineers, managers and senior managers from various sections within the buying firm's organisation. The analysis is based primarily on descriptive statistics. The results reveal that the supplier-specific factors are more prominent predictors of the outcomes of the supplier development efforts as compared to the other factors. The manufacturer's focus on the supplier development programme appears to be a short-term, results-oriented approach involving limited or no significant efforts on the side of the buying firm. There is evidence indicating that the manufacturer has not fully utilised the expertise of its suppliers in designing its products, since there is lack of supplier involvement in the early stages of the design and development activities. The overall results point to numerous deficiencies in the supplier development programme. Practical implications are provided in light of the findings.


The relationship of fundamental frequency (F0) to perceptual stress was examined. Using linear predictive coded speech, the natural F0 contour on a monosyllabic word was replaced by simple, piece‐wise‐linear F0 patterns, without altering other aspects of the speech. By analyzing stress judgments using word pairs differing only in F0, this study verified for English and extended some findings reported only in other languages. Acoustic features such as the amount, timing and duration of an F0 movement, as well as relative F0 levels, were systematically investigated as to their effects on stress perception. Using an F0 range of 108–160 Hz, just‐noticeable stress differences required F0 changes in the range of 6–17 Hz, depending on the F0 pattern. Similarly, using a syllable with 260 ms of voicing, timing changes of 25–120 ms were necessary to yield stress differences. These results can help form guidelines for speech analysis systems, which need only measure F0 to an accuracy corresponding to perceptible cha...


Part I. Introduction: 1. Post-Soviet nationalities theory: past, present and future Ian Bremmer Part II. Russia and its Nations: 2. Russia: confronting a loss of empire John Dunlop 3. The North Caucasus: confederation in conflict Jane Ormrod 4. The Middle Volga: exploring the limits of sovereignty Ronald Wixman 5. Siberia: assimilation and its discontents Gail Fondahl Part III. The New Eastern Europe: 6. Ukraine: from empire to statehood Alexander Motyl and Bohdan Krawchenko 7. Belarus: from statehood to empire? Jan Zaprudnik and Michael Urban 8. Moldova: caught between nation and empire William Crowther Part IV. The Baltics: 9. Lithuania: rights and responsibilities of independence Alfred Senn 10. Latvia: restoring a state, rebuilding a nation Nils Muznieks 11. Estonia: independence redefined Toivo Raun Part V. The Transcaucasus: 12. Azerbaijan: searching for new neighbours Shireen Hunter 13. Armenia: paradise lost? Nora Dudwick 14. Georgia: the trauma of statehood Stephen Jones Part VI. Central Asia: 15. Kazakhstan: pushing for Eurasia Martha Brill Olcott 16. Kyrgyzstan: storm clouds over the 'island of democracy' Eugene Huskey 17. Uzbekistan: breaking the back of democracy Gregory Gleason 18. Turkmenistan: just like the old times David Nissman 19. Tajikistan: reform, reaction, and civil war Muriel Atkin Part VII. Conclusion: 20. From matrioshka nationalism to national interests Ray Taras.


The exhaust from retrograde rockets fired by spacecraft landing on the Moon can accelerate lunar dust particles to high velocities. Information obtained from NASA's Apollo 12 mission confirmed that these high-speed dust particles can erode nearby structures. This erosive wear damage can affect the performance of optical components such as solar concentrators. Solar concentrators are objects which collect sunlight over large areas and focus the light into smaller areas for purposes such as heating and energy production. In this work, laboratory-scale solar concentrators were constructed and subjected to erosive wear by the JSC-1AF lunar dust simulant. The concentrators were focused on a photovoltaic cell and the degradation in electrical power due to the erosive wear was measured. It was observed that even moderate exposure to erosive wear from lunar dust simulant resulted in a 40 percent reduction in power production from the solar concentrators.


American lobster (Homarus americanus) supports one of the most valuable fisheries in the United States. Spatial distributions of H. americanus are hypothesized to be influenced by climate-driven environmental factors, but such effects have not been quantified. We developed a Tweedie generalized additive model (GAM) to quantify environmental effects on season-, sex-, and size-specific distributions of H. americanus in the inshore Gulf of Maine. Tweedie GAMs were coupled with regional circulation model output to predict spatiotemporal changes in distribution of H. americanus due to mesoscale climate variability. GAM results indicated that bottom temperature and salinity impacts on H. americanus distribution were more pronounced during spring. The coupled climate–niche model predicted significantly higher H. americanus abundance under a warm climatology scenario. This study provides a predictive climate–niche modelling framework that may be useful for planning fishery investments and anticipating management challenges given ongoing climate-driven changes in the Northwest Atlantic.


From newspaper and television documentaries to web sources and acade-mic journals, research on health abounds. As indicated in Chapter 1, thebroad area of 'health research' uses a plurality of research methodologiesand related methods, from documentary analysis and unstructured inter-views to randomized controlled trials and experimental methods. However,there are differences between particular methodological approaches that aresystematic rather than idiosyncratic. In this chapter we make use of the soci-ological concept of 'paradigms' to illustrate the way in which researchmethodologies are embedded in particular political and ideological posi-tions. This chapter aims to provide a critical overview of what we mightbroadly call research paradigms. We explore the nature of a paradigm,examining different types of paradigms in health research, and the implica-tions of using a particular paradigm for knowledge production.Furthermore, by giving the reader a critical understanding of the nature ofparticular research methodologies and associated methods, we aim to pro-vide a means to establish the most effective way of answering research ques-tions about health and health care.


ObjectiveTo establish an HPLC method for determining roxthomycin in its tablets.MethodsShim-pack CLC-ODS column(6.0 mm ID×15 cm) was used with the mobile phase of phbile ammonium acetate(pH=5.4,chroma is 0.083 mol/L): acetonitrile :methanol(40∶42∶18) as mobile phase;the flow rate was 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 210 nm;ResultsThe calibration curve of roxthromy was linear in the range of 0.70~1.40 mg·ml~(-1)(r=0.999 8),and the average recovery was 100.1% with RSD of 0.73%.ConclusionThe method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate.


Using a power line network as communication middleware between existing SCADA or metering applications and field devices, both not prepared to communicate over PLC, puts the burden on the communication system to ensure reliable communication within the timing constraints of the already existing protocols and devices. In this paper we show how the REMPLI communication system deals with the issues that arise when data transfer over multiple communication paths in the same communication medium is demanded together with the support of different, redundant communication media like ISDN or GSM while at the same transparently transporting application protocol requests, which the system is either not able or not allowed to modify.


Polymethylene blue/nano silicon dioxide composite film modified electrode was prepared by electrochemical method(PMB-nano-SiO2/GCE),the composite film interface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Electrochemical behavior of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)on the modified electrode was investigated.Results showed that the oxidation peak potential reduced and the peak current increased significantly in phosphate buffer(pH 7.0).The modified electrode showed good electrocatalysis towards the oxidation of NADH,the oxidation peak current was linearly dependent on the concentration of NADH in the range from 1.0 to 100 μmol/L and the correlation coefficient was 0.997.


An appraisal of butterfly species composition in terms of comparative diversity richness in various habitat types was conducted in and around the Nandhour Wildlife Sanctuary of Terai Arc landscape in Uttarakhand. During the two years of survey period (March 2018–February 2020), a total of 89 species of butterflies belonging to families Nymphalidae 43 species, Pieridae 15 species, Lycaenidae 13 species, Hesperiidae eight species, Papilionidae seven species, and Riodinidae three species were recorded, of which 46 species represented new records for the Nandhour Landscape. Butterfly diversity and richness were highest in dense moist & open dry riverine forests and lowest in human settlements & agricultural land. No significant differences in the number of species were found in moist mixed deciduous forest, subtropical Chir Pine forest, moist Bhabar Sal forest, moist Shiwalik Sal forest, and plantation forest. Eight species are endemic to the Indian Himalayan Region.


Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the world. The survival rate can be improved if the presence of lung nodules are detected early. This has also led to more focus being given to computer aided detection (CAD) and diagnosis of lung nodules. The arbitrariness of shape, size and texture of lung nodules is a challenge to be faced when developing these detection systems. In the proposed work we use convolutional neural networks to learn the features for nodule detection, replacing the traditional method of handcrafting features like geometric shape or texture. Our network uses the DetectNet architecture based on YOLO (You Only Look Once) to detect the nodules in CT scans of lung. In this architecture, object detection is treated as a regression problem with a single convolutional network simultaneously predicting multiple bounding boxes and class probabilities for those boxes. By performing training using chest CT scans from Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC), NVIDIA DIGITS and Caffe deep learning framework, we show that nodule detection using this single neural network can result in reasonably low false positive rates with high sensitivity and precision.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as exceptional materials, exhibiting promising potentials as sensing elements in electromechanical sensors. In this review, the fascinating properties of CNTs that make them attractive materials for biosensors are investigated from new perspectives, eliciting scenarios that point to practical applications. The review also highlights the design architectures for CNT-based biosensors and their employment in biomolecular detection. We further detail novel developments in the field of chemically sensitive field effect transistors (ChemFETs), including CNT-based chemiresistors. After presenting general and specific design and application challenges, the review concludes with scientific advance and new insight into possible future applications.


Recent evidence shows that chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis delta virus is closely associated with production of autoantibodies. To verify this sera from patients with hepatitis delta virus and from those with hepatitis B virus mediated chronic liver disease were tested for a panel of autoantibodies. Although the traditional non-organ specific autoantibodies were similarly distributed in the two


The genome of Curtobacterium sp. strain TXMA1, isolated from a grapevine in Texas showing leaf marginal necrosis symptoms, was sequenced. The TXMA1 genome has a 3,454,876-bp, circular chromosome with a GC content of 71.74%, 3,213 open reading frames (ORFs), 47 tRNAs, and 4 complete rRNA operons (5S, 16S, and 23S). ABSTRACT The genome of Curtobacterium sp. strain TXMA1, isolated from a grapevine in Texas showing leaf marginal necrosis symptoms, was sequenced. The TXMA1 genome has a 3,454,876-bp, circular chromosome with a GC content of 71.74%, 3,213 open reading frames (ORFs), 47 tRNAs, and 4 complete rRNA operons (5S, 16S, and 23S).


Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre St John's Rehab Program, Toronto, ON, Canada Toronto Lung Transplant Program – University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Division of Nephrology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Piedmont Transplant Institute, Atlanta, GA Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada Quebec Lung Transplant Program, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network, Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Corresponding author: Sunita Mathur, email@example.com Sunita Mathur and Tania Janaudis-Ferreira are co-first authors. With improved survival rates in solid organ transplantation there has been an increased focus on long-term outcomes following transplant, including physical function, health-related quality-of-life and cardiovascular mortality. Exercise training has the potential to affect these outcomes, however, research on the optimal timing, type, dose of exercise,modeof delivery and relevant outcomes is limited. This article provides a summary of a 2-day meeting held in April 2013 (Toronto, Canada) in which a multi-disciplinary group of clinicians, researchers, administrators and patient representatives engaged in knowledge exchange and discussion of key issues in exercise in solid organ transplant (SOT). The outcomes from the meeting were the development of top research priorities and a research agenda for exercise in SOT, which included the need for larger scale, multi-center intervention studies, development of standardized outcomes for physical function and surrogate measures for clinical trials, examining novel modes of exercise delivery and novel outcomes from exercise training studies such as immunity, infection, cognition and economic outcomes. The development and dissemination of ''expert consensus guidelines,'' synthesizing both the best available evidence and expert opinion was prioritized as a key step toward improving program delivery.


Wave propagation is one of the famous approaches for analyzing the vibration of solid structures. Literature reviews show that most bodies analyzed with this approach are one-dimensional waveguide structures. In this paper, the free vibration of annular circular and sectorial membranes are analyzed using the wave propagation approach. Firstly, the propagation and reflection matrices are derived. Then, a concise and systematic approach for obtaining the natural frequencies is presented which can be a reference for future studies. The solution obtained by this method is exactly the same as those derived by the classical method.


Low-risk stocks have offered a combination of relatively low risk and high returns. We decomposed the low-risk anomaly into micro and macro components. The micro component comes from the selection of low-beta stocks. The macro component comes from the selection of low-beta countries or industries. Both parts contribute to the anomaly, with important implications for the construction of managed-volatility portfolios. On a risk-adjusted basis, low-beta stocks have outperformed high-beta stocks in the United States and around the world. We decomposed this very basic market inefficiency into two components—a "micro" component and a "macro" component. The micro component arises from the selection of lower-risk stocks, holding country and industry risk constant. The macro component arises from the selection of lower-risk industries and countries, holding stock-level risk constant. For our industry decomposition, we used data from the Center for Research in Securities Prices (CRSP) for all US shares for the period January 1963 through December 2012. For our country decomposition, we used data from the S&P Developed Broad Market Index (BMI) of stocks for the period July 1989 through December 2012. The pattern of realizing low risk but earning high returns, the so-called low-risk anomaly, can in principle come from either the macro selection of lower-risk countries and industries or the micro selection of low-risk stocks within those countries and industries. We separated the two effects by forming long–short portfolios of stocks and held constant ex ante country- or industry-level risk to examine stock selection. Next, we held constant ex ante stock-level risk and examined country and industry selection. We found that both micro and macro selection contribute to the low-risk anomaly, but for two surprisingly different reasons. Whereas stock selection, within industries and countries, leads to higher CAPM (capital asset pricing model) alpha through a combination of significant risk reduction and modest return improvements, country selection leads to higher CAPM alpha through a combination of significant return improvements and modest risk reduction. In comparison to the stock selection effect and the country selection effect, the industry selection effect is relatively modest, and its associated CAPM alpha cannot be statistically distinguished from zero. These results suggest that when holding constant country- or industry-level risk, there is ample opportunity to form lower-risk portfolios through stock selection and that these lower-risk portfolios do not suffer lower returns. High-risk stocks can be distinctly identified within the utility industry or in Japan, for example, but they have similar raw returns on average when compared with low-risk stocks in the same industry or country grouping. This evidence supports the notion of limits to micro arbitrage in low-risk stocks that come from limits to leverage and traditional, long-only, fixed-benchmark mandates. The macro selection of countries in particular leads to increases in return, with only modest differences in risk. Countries that we identified as high risk ex ante were only modestly higher risk going forward, but they had distinctly lower returns. This evidence supports the limits to macro arbitrage across countries and industries. Our results on the decomposition of the low-risk anomaly into micro and macro effects have investment implications for plan sponsors and individuals alike. For individuals, they suggest that trying to exploit mispricing through industry, sector, or exchange-traded funds will capture only a portion of the anomaly. Although such a strategy can gain exposure to the macro effects, it cannot exploit the considerable risk reduction available in micro stock selection. For institutional investors and plan sponsors, our results suggest that perfunctory approaches to risk modeling and overly constrained mandates will not fully appreciate the benefits of the macro effects. Broad mandates with less stringent constraints and thoughtful techniques to modeling risk will do the most to exploit the low-risk anomaly. Authors' note: The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research or Acadian Asset Management. The views should not be considered investment advice and do not constitute or form part of any offer to issue or sell, or any solicitation of any offer to subscribe or to purchase, shares, units or other interests in any particular investments.


Peatlands could become important foraging habitats, and their plant communities threatened, in areas with an overabundance of large herbivores. Peatland response to herbivore exclusion may vary widely according to abiotic conditions and associated species because of a strong minerotrophic gradient. We assessed the impact of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) on peatland vegetation using an exclosure experiment. A total of 53 pairs of exclosures and unprotected plots were set up in bogs (13 pairs), sedge fens (20), shrub fens (7), and laggs (13), and surveyed prior to exclosure construction as well as three, five, and eight years after. Vascular plant composition of exclosures diverged from that of unprotected plots through time only in shrub fens and laggs. Bryophytes remained constant in all habitats. On average, shrub cover was 30% higher in exclosures in all habitats after five years, whereas herb cover increased only in laggs, by 43%, after eight years. Reclassification of sites by pH showed deer exclusion promoted alpha diversity in low- and high-moderate rich fens (pH 5.3–6.8) and beta diversity in the latter as well as in rich fens (pH 6.3–7.5). Overall, our results suggest that conservation efforts in areas with overabundant large herbivores should target richer peatland habitats since they showed a higher resilience and fostered alpha and beta diversity.


In the present research, we initiate the study of boundary value problems for sequential Riemann–Liouville and Hadamard–Caputo fractional derivatives, supplemented with iterated fractional integral boundary conditions. Firstly, we convert the given nonlinear problem into a fixed point problem by considering a linear variant of the given problem. Once the fixed point operator is available, we use a variety of fixed point theorems to establish results regarding existence and uniqueness. Some properties of iteration that will be used in our study are also discussed. Examples illustrating our main results are also constructed. At the end, a brief conclusion is given. Our results are new in the given configuration and enrich the literature on boundary value problems for fractional differential equations.


It is important for insurance companies to carry out a risk selection of the risks that exist in the insurance products offered carefully and thoroughly in order to avoid large losses due to claims. After the COVID-19 pandemic catastrophic event, the company became more vigilant about the risk selection process in each of its products, one of which is a surety bond product at the insurance company PT Bumiputera Muda 1967 Serang Branch. The underwriter is trained to be able to recognize every potential risk that exists in the prospective insured by carrying out the underwriting process effectively and accurately. In this study, it will be discussed about the underwriting procedures carried out by PT Bumiputera Muda 1967 Serang Branch in determining risk selection on surety bond products during the co-19 pandemic. The results of this study show that in surety bond products there are several stages, namely: The principal contacts the agent, the analysis process, data input, print the policy. Where there are 4 types of guarantees including bind bond, performance bond, advance payment bond, and maintenance bond. The obstacles faced by the underwriter are restrictions on surveys of field conditions, survey reports are additional requirements given by the underwriter in the risk selection process for surety bond products after the Covid-19 pandemic.


The aim of this article is to show the main lines and methodological principles of the approach to Arthur Spiethoff's thinking on business cycles. This is still relevant (with no paralogism) and too often ignored or simply poorly known outside the German- speaking academic world. A presentation of Arthur Spiethoff's theoretical model (I) is followed by discussion of its empirical scope (II).


A limited restraint harness was developed which permits long-term infusion of chickens under near normal conditions. The harness allows the birds to stand, sit, move forward and backward, and turn 180 degrees in either direction without twisting the cannula.


Introduction: When neurological damage occurs in divers the suspected primary cause is vascular gas bubbles. Entrapment of these bubbles may lead to cellular injury, cerebral oedema and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, studies of North Sea saturation divers have shown that divers report problems with concentration and memory more frequently than controls, and this can possibly be explained by CNS injuries . In this study, we have investigated effects of compression and decompression in a diving chamber on the rat brain using several MRI-protocols, including DTI, manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) and dynamic enhanced MRI (DC-MRI), at several time points after decompression. Materials and Methods: Rats (n=9) were compressed at a rate of 200kPa/min to a pressure of 700kPa, maintained for 45 min and then decompressed to the surface (100kPa) at a rate of 50kPa/min, breathing air throughout the procedure. Control rats (n=5) were kept at 100 kPa, breathing air for a similar time period. MRI was performed 1 hour, 7 days and 14 days after decompression on a 7T Bruker Biospec (Bruker Biospin, Germany) with a 72 mm volume coil for transmit and an actively decoupled rat head surface coil for receive. Rats were anesthetized with 1-2% isoflurane in 1:2 O2/N2. The MR-protocols were as follows: MRI acute: MGE T2*-map (TR=1650ms, TE=4-81ms, pixel size=156μm), RARE T2-map (TR=4000ms, TE=25-125ms, pixel size=156μm), EPI diffusion map (TR=3000ms, TE=53.5ms, pixel size=156μm, 6 b-values (100-1000s/mm) in 3 directions), RARE T1map (TR=341-5000ms, TE=7.1ms, pixel size=156μm), RARE T1weighted dynamic scan (TR/TE=350ms/7ms, 200 repetitions, pixel size=312μm, a bolus dose of 0.3mmol/kg Omniscan (GdDTPA) was injected through the tail vein after 10 baseline scans). 9-17 slices with 1 mm slice thickness were used for all scans. MRI 7 days: MGE T2*map and RARE T2-map as above, EPI-DTI (TR/TE=3000ms/37.5ms, pixel size=156μm, b-values=0, 1000s/mm, 30 diffusion directions), MEMRI T1-w FLASH (TR/TE= 12ms/3.25ms, FA=30°, voxel size=156μm; 40mg/kg MnCl2 injected i.p. 1 day after decompression). MRI 14 days: MGE T2*-map and RARE T2-map as above. DTI as above, but with slice thickness=0.5mm. Total scan time for each animal was 1-1.5 hours at each time point. Brain tissue was stained for HES, Map-2, Caspase 3, GFAP, MBP, Luxol fast blue and CD68. MRI data was analysed using FSL (Analysis Group, FMRIB, UK), SPM (Wellcome Dep. of Imaging Neuroscience, UK) and in-house build programs written in Matlab2009 (The Matworks, Inc). DCE-MRI was analysed by assuming a two-compartment model. Groups were compared using t-tests and found statistically different if p<0.05. Results: T2*-maps showed increased visibility of veins in some animals (fig. 1a, b), but no difference between groups. Voxel-based whole-brain analysis of DCE-MRI showed increased relative signal intensity (RSI) and area under the dce-curve (AUC) in decompressed rats compared to controls (p=0.002 and 0.015, fig. 1c, d, h, i). Dcecurves were in general similar in both groups (fig. 1e, f), but one of the decompressed rats displayed an abnormal dynamic response (fig. 1g). T2-maps showed no pathology and no differences between groups. Neither region-based nor voxel-wise analysis of MEMRI data showed any differences between groups. No injury was seen on DTI (fig. 1j, k), and parameters like fractional anisotropy, mean, axial and radial diffusivity were not different between groups. There were no apparent structural or cellular injuries, and no differences between the groups when analysing the immunohistochemically stained brain tissues. Discussion and Conclusion: Extensive MR protocols at three time points after decompression of rats have been used to look for effects on the brain caused by decompression. Two rats died immediately after decompression, and one additional rat died after the first MRI (rat with abnormal dynamic response, fig. 1g), which indicates the severity of the decompression protocol. However, we did not detect any structural differences in the brain between decompressed rats and controls using MRI and histology. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI demonstrated increased relative signal intensity and area under the dce-curve, meaning more enhanced voxels in the brain after decompression. This effect can be due to more contrast agent in the brain circulation, caused by for instance dilatation of brain vessels or increased perfusion. It can also be due to more contrast agent outside the vessels, indicating disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In conclusion, severe decompression does not seem to cause any long term structural or cellular injury to the brain tissue, but may cause temporary changes in brain perfusion and integrity of the blood-brain barrier.


Thyroid cancer is estimated to be the seventh most common cause of any new malignancy in women in the US. In 2007, 25,480 cases and 3.8% of new cases were diagnosed in women, while thyroid cancer represented just over 1% of new cases in men (8,070 cases), incidence rank 14th. The annual incidence of thyroid cancer has been growing, from 7,800 cases in 1974 to 33,550 cases in 2007, with an incremental increase from 22,000 to 33,550 new cases/year between 2003 and 2007. During the same period, the percentage of cancer deaths per year, relative to the number of new cases, has decreased from 15 to 5%. However, a larger proportion (and a large absolute number, given the high prevalence) of thyroid cancer patients will suffer usually locoregional recurrence, and a subset of patients will have progressive disease, causing high morbidity but not necessarily death. Autopsy studies identify microscopic or occult papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in 5–36% of cases. The discrepancy between the relatively small number of clinically relevant thyroid cancers and the large number of incidental thyroid cancers suggests that much is not yet known about the molecular biology of thyroid cancer.


Rapid industrialization has brought Nam-Hae area serious environmental problems associated with released oil and other hydrocarbons. In this work, in order to enhance the quality of the shoreline sediment we made enviro-chemical analyses of its substances, TPHs and microbial growth after treating with oxygen releasing compound(ORC) such as . Total organic compound(TOC) was reduced from 33.45% to 25.1~31.08% meanwhile COD decreased from 27.5~28.9mg/ to 19.9~26.1mg/ for input of 2~10% in 20days. For 10% input, TP and TN were reduced by 13.3% and 18.8%, respectively. Most of all TPH was decomposed by max. 42.4% in 21days, and the total viable count of microbes was found to be exponentially increased by 75.9%.


In this paper, we propose a preprocessing technique to solve the problems of action recognition with Equirectangular Projection (ERP) video. The preprocessing technique proposed in this paper assumes the person object as the subject of action, that is, the Object of Interest (OOI), and the surrounding area of the OOI as the ROI. The preprocessing technique consists of three modules. I) Recognize person object in the image with object recognition model. II) Create a saliency map from the input image. III) Select subject of action using recognized person object and saliency map. The subject boundary box of the selected action is input to the action recognition model in order to improve the action recognition performance. When comparing the performance of the proposed preprocessing method to the action recognition model and the performance of the original ERP image input method, the performance is improved up to 99.6%, and the action is obtained when only the OOI is detected. It can also see the effects of related video summaries. Keyword : Action recognition, Equirectangular projection, Preprocessing Copyright C 2020 Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers. All rights reserved. "This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not altered." 일반논문 (Regular Paper) 방송공학회논문지 제25권 제3호, 2020년 5월 (JBE Vol. 25, No. 3, May 2020) https://doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2020.25.3.1 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 2 방송공학회논문지 제25권 제3호, 2020년 5월 (JBE Vol. 25, No. 3, May 2020)


The relationship between vocational and general education has drawn British attention for years. The government realized the drawbacks of the division between vocational and liberal education. Although they have adopted many measures, it made little difference.


Stereoscopic particle imaging velocimetry (Stereo PIV) was utilized to investigate the velocity field and flow structure of a single flexible compressor blade around the wing tip as the angle of attach increased from AOA=0° to AOA=12°. Vortex-induced vibration of blade relieves the deviation of wake central line and reduces the velocity loss of mean streamwise velocity at AOA=10° & 12° in the section of H=145mm. Moreover, the blade vibration greatly strengthens the turbulence intensity of velocity field in the near wake. The transformation of vortex structure due to the self-excited vibration of blade leads to these changes of velocity characteristic. In the results of flow visualization and Λci, a single vortex street with clockwise sense emerges at AOA=4° & 6° and breaks down at AOA≈8°. When vortex-induced vibration of blade model occurs at AOA=10°, many of tiny coherent vortexes form inside the wing tip vortex. At the same time, a new dual vortex street composed by opposite-sign vortex pair replaces the single vortex street in the near weak.


The most important duty of the city school assistant principal is protection of the school against its turbulent social environment.


Aim  The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare radial growth patterns between white oak (Quercus alba L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) growing at the northern distribution limit of white oak; and (2) to assess if the radial growth of white oak at its northern distribution limit is controlled by cold temperature.


An approach for measurements of magnetic fields, based on the comparison of the magnetic-field-induced contributions to the line shapes of different fine-structure components of an atomic multiplet, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Contrary to the methods based on detecting an anisotropy in either the emitted radiation or in the dispersion properties of the medium, the present method is applicable when the field direction or amplitude vary significantly in the region viewed or during the time of observation. The technique can be used even when the line shapes are Stark or Doppler dominated. It has potential applications in laser-matter interactions, plasmas driven by high-current pulses, and astrophysics.


Objective To evaluate endoluminal repair and preoperative management for acute Standford type B aortic dissection complicating massive hydrothorax. Methods The clinical data of 27 patients (23 males, 4 females) hospitalized from January 2003 to December 2008 were analysed retrospectively. The average age was 47 ±9 years (35 ~70). Eleven patients had bilateral huge hydrothorax (40. 7% ) , while 13 had left hydrothorax (48. 1% ) and 3 had right hydrothorax (11. 1% ) only, and in 2 of them with additional pericardial effusion (7.4% ). SaO2 was below 90% in all cases. All patients underwent emergency endovascular repair. For control of massive hydrothorax found by CT or chest fluoroscopy, puncture drainage or tube drainage were administrated postoperatively. Results All the 27 operations were successful, and there was no perioperative mortality. Three type Ⅰ and one type Ⅳ endoleaks occurred but disappeared in one month. Hydrothorax disappeared 28 days to 3 months postoperatively in all patients, of which 5 cases had puncture drainage (18.5%) and 1 case had tube drainage ( 3. 7% ). Mean follow-up was 30 ± 20 m ( 6 ~ 78 m ) after endovascular management. Complications included pleural thickening (6 of 27, 22. 2% ) , pulmonary atelectasis (2 of 27, 7. 4% ) , and lung consolidation combined with chest dent (2 of 27, 7. 4% ). Conclusions Emergency endovascular therapy is safe and effective for acute Stanford type B aortic dissection with massive hydrothorax. Drainage of hydrothorax after stent-graft deployment is a must for the patient suffering from severe respiratory failure.

Key words:
Aneurysm,dissecting; Pleural effusion; Endovascular repair; Hypoxemia


Each product or service can now be covered by a lot of marks. Therefore, now and in the near future communications efforts are related supply brand, in terms of reputation and branding, as a conscious act of creation and affirmation of reputation. Since the brand is not the product or service, but what is your product or service in the minds of consumers, an image or a mood, then branding appears as a process of creation and management of associations that generate images and feelings about a brand. In academia, although using more words, actions speak much louder than words. Both students and teachers have tried so after say, especially after what I do. Personal brand and institutional brand is built by putting a high value on authenticity. Actions speak much louder than words, deeds give reputation structure. Student and teacher are brand builders always work for personal purposes only if declared, whether found in university, at home or at the library. The steps that make must lead towards achieving reputation as feedback of conscious efforts. To achieve a personal brand university student or teacher, consider that must engage in daily behavior, motivated and justified: clear vision realistic strategy planning efforts for achieving the objectives, defining and identifying customers who want a good communication, adoption and adherence to a set of moral guidelines generally valid


A new class of models is proposed for interpretation of the small-angle X-ray scattering from catalyst-like systems, which consist of a random arrangement of two or more phases, in each of which the electron density is uniform. By considering a grid formed of identical cells, each of which is filled with one phase or another, the calculation of the correlation function, and hence the scattering intensity, is reduced to a counting process and evaluation of P0(r), the probability that a line segment of length r lies wholly within one cell. Results for simple two-dimensional grids are considered in detail, with P0 calculated by several methods. The Fourier transform of the correlation function is calculated for the cubic lattice, and properties of the scattering intensity curve discussed. Extensions of the model discussed here, the simplest of the cell models, are indicated.


The construction industry has grown to a level never seen before in Ecuador and with it the number of people working in this business. This is an industry that depends on the human capital to its survival and grown, so the most important thing is to keep his people well, know what motivates them and thus make them grow so that the industry can grow too. The purpose of this study is to analyze the motivational techniques used in the industry, the factors that motivate employees of construction, and see if employees are motivated or not. Finally consider what should be improved so that they feel more motivated.


This work aims to study recent climatic oscillations and their influence on sedimentation in the Ria de Vigo, a coastal embayment in Galicia, NW Spain. It is based on the study of clay mineral assemblages, in conjunction with other proxies (granulometric, geochemical, geochronological and microfaunal), in the core KSGX 24. A Benthic Foraminifera High Productivity (BFHP) proxy was used to determine changes in the flux of organic matter (OM) at the bottom of the study area. Total organic carbon (TOC) content is not a suitable proxy to estimate changes in the past supply of OM due to diagenetic processes. The sedimentation was finest in 3 sections: ~ 230-214 cm, ~ 185-73 cm and ~ 20-0 cm. These muddy sections are characterised, in general, by higher proportions of detrital minerals, concentrations of several chemical elements related to lithogenic sources and BFHP values. In addition, these sections are impoverished in carbonates, Ca, Sr and La when compared with the layers with the highest sand content. The clay mineral assemblage of the studied site, characterised by the dominance of illite, intermediate concentrations of kaolinite and minor amounts of smectite and chlorite, reveals the prevalence of a typical temperate humid climate in the last 3 ka BP, the estimated age for the core base. However, the quantities of illite and chlorite increase in the muddy layers. The characteristics of these muddy layers were interpreted as representing relatively cold climatic oscillations associated with the strengthening of northerly winds and the prevalence of an upwelling regime corresponding to well-known periods, such as the first cold period of the Upper Holocene (~ 2.9 ka cal BP), the Dark Ages (between ~ 2.2 - 1.2 ka cal BP) and the Little Ice Age (~ 0.6 ka cal BP).


Joint-toxicity of copper and hydrargyrum on tadpole was studied in the present investigation. It was demonstrated that LC50 of Cu2+on tadpole were 0.201, 0.138 and 0.118 mg·L-1 for 24 h、48 h and 96 h, while that of Hg2+ were 0.135, 0.112 and 0.103 mg·L-1 for 24 h、48 h and 96 h, respectively. According to the addictive index method of Marking, it has been found that the addictive index (AI) were 0.082, 0.166 and 0.322 in 24 h, 48 h and 96 h respectively, revealing that there is a clear synergism action.