A moving object dedection-based image sabilization algorithm was propoed for addressesing the moving object problem of image sabilization.In the algorithm,the estimate global motion paramaters were used to compensate the inter-frame global motion,and the difference image between the motion compensated previous and current frames was obtained.Then,the difference image was divided into a series of forground and background blocks.And the global motion paramaters in the next run were estimated only by tracking the background blocks.Simulation results show that the proposedalgorithm has low computatiomal complexity,and achives quite high interframe transformation fidelity,which is suitable for stabilizing video clips with large moving objects.


The Modern pace in hardware technology such as the accessibility of small-scale array sensors, low cost CMOS cameras and microphones has prompted the evolution in the arena of communication (wireless) amidst the network of sensor is equipped with multimedia devices such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), To capture the limitations pertaining to sensor nodes (video-based) as well as sensor networks (wireless), a video stream (which supports it) is difficult to be effected keeping the contemporary sensor network protocols into consideration. The present paper exhibits a comprehensive architecture pertaining to video transmission in connection with Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) called Energy-efficient and Video transmission Architecture. The inclination towards usage of video-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications has showed significant gains. Video WSN behaves quite differently from the traditional sensor networks in the sense that it involves a sensing model (directional in nature), an in-node processing which is complex and transfer of large amount of data, thus resulting in frequencies which are high clock and transmission time (radio) which is significant in nature. To ensure reliability of applications, energy consumption reduction is a prime requirement. In this paper, we have come up with a novel energy conservation technique which hinges on Barrier Coverage Preservation rather than Blanket Coverage.


With the development of the Chinese railway, the high-steep slope is irreversible to be faced; especially under severe conditions such as heavy rainfall and earthquake, this kind of slope is prone to geological disasters, which seriously affects the safety and stability of the bridge substructure. Aiming to this, long-term monitorization and numerical analysis were carried out in this research, and the influence mechanism of the high-steep slopes on the stress and deformation characteristics of the bridge structure was studied. The research results show that under the effect of rainfall and earthquake, the original stress balance in the high-steep slope is broken, and the possibility of landslide thrust increases; under the comprehensive impact of residual landslide thrust, traction force at slope foot, vertical gravity of bridge slab and vehicle, and the bridge cap will deform. Besides, the deformation of the bridge pier exceeds the allowable lateral displacement of the top of the bridge pier, reaching 111.7%∼112.4% of the limit, which seriously affects the stability of the bridge structure and the safety of the railway service. Therefore, by increasing the support strength of the slope foot and the diameter of the bridge pile foundation, the traction force of the slope foot can be reduced, and the sliding resistance of the bridge pile foundation can be improved so as the safety of the bridge structure can be promoted.


A series of laboratory wave-flume experiments was conducted to investigate the dissipation of monochromatic regular waves on a horizontal muddy bed of commercial kaolinite. The rheological parameters of kaolinite samples with different water content ratios were obtained from controlled shear rate tests using the rheometer. The flow curves of shear stress versus shear rate were found to be essentially Bingham viscoplastic medium for steady unidirectional mud flows of the rheological tests. Assuming Bingham behavior for kaolinite, a wave-mud interaction model was employed to obtain the values of the wave attenuation coefficients. Comparisons between the measured and simulated results show a good agreement.


The possibility of renal damage resulting from therapeutic irradiation was pointed out early in the history of radiation therapy (1, 2, 7, 9). The danger was largely disregarded, however, until reports of a large number of cases from Manchester emphasized the frequency of grave renal complications when the kidney received irradiation in the therapeutic dosage range (4, 6, 8). A latent period of thirteen years between irradiation and the appearance of hypertension has been recorded (5). In that instance, nephrectomy restored the blood pressure to normal. The present report describes a case of hypertension secondary to radiation-induced renal damage, detected eighteen years after x-ray treatment in which both kidneys were included in the field. Only one kidney demonstrated significant abnormality, and its removal twenty-four years after the irradiation returned the blood pressure to normal. Case Report J. B., a 64-year-old white male, was referred for treatment of an aortic aneurysm in 1963. His blood press...


A 37 year-old man with preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary mucosal associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma underwent right middle lobectomy thoracoscopically followed by adjuvantchemotherapy since 18 days after the operation. The patient is free from recurrence 6 months after theoperation. Pulmonary MALT lymphoma is rare and its treatment is controversial. This patient underwentsurgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy because the tumor is limited to right middle lobe.Thoracoscopic lobectomy is less invasive and it was possible to perform adjuvant chemotherapy soonafter the operation.


To the present, there have been great attempts in changing the structure of turkish novels, but it still possesses the impressions of the traditions in realistic novels. This writing is based on Orhan Pamuk`s novel which created a sensation in turkish literature, focusing on the subjects, techniques, and configuration of his description. In fact, it is quite difficult to classify his novel into a certain current, because he ventures various methods in his novels. If you put into consideration that Orhan Pamuk first wrote his novels with a traditional and realistic standpoint and then shifted his concentration on the application of meta-fiction and mutual-text factors, it can be seen that he is on the post-modernist side. The fact that he used `writing` as a major motive in his novel 『Black Book』 directly shows that he is a post-modernism writer. If you try to find similarity in his work you will find that the subject of this novels have great weight on the problems of individuals and the society. The subjects are mostly drawn from historical rituals, philosophy, and religion, and he uses parody, allegory, and surrealistic techniques. The grammar is simple but rather complex in structure. Orhan Pamuk wrote experimental novels(meta-fictions) which intentionally dismantled the structure of existing novels. When you read his novels, you can find the traces that he thought deeply of his views in novels, the techniques he used, and the problem of the configuration. He tried to blend western factors, which he was influenced by when he read books written by the pioneers in western literature and philosophy, and distinct turkish factors together and assemble it into his novel with great organization. Orhan Pamuk expresses through all his novels that he is a person of sensitive nature and is one that possesses self-examining intellect. His inner-directed attitude and the search for deep meaning shows that he is a post-modernism writer.


One new species, Leotichius schuhi Jung sp. nov., that shared habitat with the larvae of xeric adapted ant-lions (Neuroptera), is described from northern Cambodia. Diagnosis, description and biological notes of the new species are presented.


ABSTRACT Background: Morbid epiphora may occur in stenosis or obstruction (S/O) of proximal lacrimal system. Our study aimed to determine the role of monocanalicular lacrimal stents in the management of punctum and canalicular S/O. Research design and methods: A retrospective, single-surgeon based review of patients who underwent punctum and canalicular dilatation, recanalisation and monocanalicular stenting, were enrolled. The stent was kept in-situ for 6–8 weeks in all. Both subjective (relief from epiphora) and objective (fluorescein dye disappearance test) outcomes were recorded. Results: Forty-four puncta and 53 canaliculi had S/O. At mean followup of 13.5 months, complete relief was reported by 37(84.09%) and 42(79.25%) eyes of punctum and canalicular S/O, respectively, while 1(2.27%) and 6(11.32%) eyes had no relief. Spontaneous stent extrusion occurred in total 10(10.31%) eyes. Conclusion: Monocanalicular lacrimal stent is a safe, user-friendly and clinically effective tool in the long-term management of punctum and canalicular stenosis or obstruction.


Recent highly accurate structure factor measurements on low density $^3^6Ar$ gas are discussed. From these data the genuine pair-potential and the threebody contribution in the linear density expansion for the Fourier transform of the direct correlation function $C(k)$ have been evaluated; an experimental test of the smali angle theory with the consequent evaluation of the van der Waals constant $C_6$ have been also carried out. Finally, the comparisons with theoretical predictions are shown and discussed.


Based on the social network theory,this article discussed the Six degrees of separation,Small world phenomenon and Scale-free networks in the public crisis communication network.The structure and mechanism of the public crisis communication were analyzed and discussed with the hypothesis of weak-strong ties and the structure hole theory.


The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is applied to analysis and processing of the fission neutrons events based on photoelectric detection. A new model on the de-noise of fission neutrons signals is established with self-adapting double-smoothness-detecting (DSD) algorithm on intrinsic mode function (IMF), and wavelet threshold filter. With the simulated and survey data, a series of comparisons with other signal de-noise methods are made. On an equal footing, the EMD-based-DSD has a better adaptability on various fission neutrons signals. The signal-to-noise ratio of the treated signal is higher while the waveform is more even. The loss of useful information caused by over-de-noise is avoided. Moreover, the de-noise degree can be customized quantifiably.


Objective: To investigate the irrational use of antibacterials of inpatient. Methods: 334 Cases of inpatients who used the an-tibiotics since the first half of 2011 were randomly selected in the hospital and analyzed the irrational use of antibiotics. Results: 235 Cases( 70. 4%) contained antibacterial,among which,65 were irrational,which manifested mainly as irrational drug selection,irrational using opportunity and time of therapy,irrational dosage and administration,irrational drug combination,irrational changing of antibacterials and irrational use of menstruum. Conclusion: The irrational use of antibacterial of in patients existed. Clinical pharmacist should supervise the irrational use of antibacterials and report the comments to clinician to ensure the rational use of antibacterials.


Provides information on the early design, operations, and implementation of the welfare-to-work grants program, finding a special emphasis on supported employment and increased attention to job retention in some programs.


It has been found that kinetic parameters of proliferation in a dominating clone of bone marrow blast cells with Ia-positive and Ia-negative phenotype, as well as with expression of myeloid differentiating antigens (ICO-GM1 and ICO-G2), or in the absence of these antigens, do not significantly differ in children with subvariants MO-M4 of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, sensitive and resistant to the therapy. A higher rate of the bone marrow blast cell population growth and a lower effectiveness of the combined chemotherapy have been recorded in children with T-cell and pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia as compared to acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the phenotype of blast cells that have only Ia-like or "common" antigens.


Some problems in knot theory Following the work of Lickorish and Millett on the two variable polynomial, P(£,m), generalizations and geometric interpretations of the polynomial coefficients of all powers of m are investigated using the substitution t = 1. Corollaries regarding the reversal of orientations on the components of 2and 3-component links and the effect on coefficients of the Conway polynomial are given as well as general reversing results for the Arf invariant of links. The first c 1 polynomial coefficients of P(-t,m) are shown to encode various products of linking numbers which generalize a result of Hoste's on the evaluation of the (normalized) Conway polynomial, V^(z), at z = 0. Problems associated with chirality are studied via the braid groups. Using self-maps of B , non-trivial achiral closed braids are constructed. Braids constructed in this way are called visibly achiral and visibly reversed achiral. It is shown that a 3-braid is conjugate to its mirror image if and only if the braid is visibly achiral. In fact, as a converse to a conjecture of Kauffman's, it is shown that a necessary condition for knot represented by an alternating closed braid to have its graph isomorphic to its dual is that the braid be visibly achiral. A new invariant of braid conjugacy class is presented and is used to show an example of an achiral alternating closed braid diagram on 5 strings that is not conjugate to its mirror image. It is then not visibly achiral and is hence a counter-example to Kauffman's conjecture.


Infraorbital region is one of the most important regions that show the signs of aging. In recent years, hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have been used to correct this region for esthetic treatments. Although HA fillers with various physical properties are used, limited research has been performed to compare their efficacy.


Most of the people who spoke this morning did not in fact tell us they were silenced under direct mechanisms of government censor ship. They did, however, tell us that they ended up censoring themselves because of certain "invisible" rules through which the government controlled what one could or could not say. Speaking particularly as a woman writer, I find self-imposed rules as important as the political and cultural continuum of the national imperative which was dis cussed this morning. It is the parallel continuum of internal and exter nal modes of censorship which the woman writer constantly confronts in the act of expression. At an international women writers' conference in Paris two years ago, I explored this continuum, this seamless whole of direct and indirect forms of censorship. While there were women from Russia who came with a history of overt government censorship, women from the west came with a history of more subtle forms of cultural censorship. Bringing our two experiences together, all of the women at the conference began to understand that there is a point at which each of us censors ourselves. Simply because we all know the rules. If, as a woman writer, you break these rules, say things you're not permitted to say, take steps toward dissolving the internal censor (one which is particularly strong for women in the area of sexuality, something I know first hand from dealing with a family who endure my publishing as a lesbian writer), then you must also confront the accompanying resistance of social, political, economic forces. When the inner censor is transcended, what are the social consequences one encounters? This question informs the rest of what I have to say today,


This research aimed at the tax treatment of religious organizations. It begins with the presentation of the origins of the certificates in some civilizations throughout the history.Then, in accordance with the legislation and/or jurisprudence applied in Portugal, Spain, United States, China and Saudi Arabia to religious organizations and their tax benefits. The right to payment to Brazilian constitutional law, with legal norms, doctrine and jurisprudence. In conclusion, a comparative analysis of the tax treatments presented.


The flexural and frictional properties of Lapinus fibre-reinforced phenolic friction materials at different fibre loadings have been studied via three point bend tests and SAE J661a friction tests, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between flexural moduli and fibre volume fraction for these materials. The empirical constant in the Halpin-Tsai model is about 0.22 for this material compared with 0.375 for some other fibre reinforced structural composites with randomly distributed fibres in a plane. The coefficient of friction of the composites fell in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 and the minimum friction was found in materials with volume fraction of 0.024 to 0.05 fibre loading. These two fibre loadings also showed a more stable coefficient of friction than the other fibre loadings did over the wide range of temperatures in the second fade test. A minimum volumetric wear was found in the material with 0.05 fibre loading during the wear test. The wear mechanisms at different fibre loadings have also been discussed.


This paper presents the results of tribological tests of lubricating compositions containing SN150 mineral oilas a base, an additive of solid lubricant in the form of hexagonal boron nitrides (h-BN) of various particlesizes (nano- and micro-) and surfactants: succinic acid imide and sodium di-2-ethylhexyl sulphosuccinate.Particular attention was paid to analysing the properties of hexagonal boron nitrides in the context of theireffect on the tribological properties of the friction node under study. The effects of h-BN particle size, shape,specific surface area and porosity were considered. In addition, tests were carried out to check the surfactants'effect on the tested oil's hexagonal boron nitride sedimentation process. These tests confirmed the positiveeffect of succinic acid imide on maintaining a stable dispersion of h-BN particles in SN-150 mineral oil.Tribological tests were performed on a T-02 tribotester based on the PN-EN ISO 20623:2018-02 standard.The positive effect of hexagonal boron nitride on the lubricating properties of mixtures with SN150 mineraloil was established. In addition, hexagonal boron nitride, with a smaller particle size and a more developedporous structure, had a more favourable effect on improving the lubricity properties evaluated on the T-02tribotester.


We will discuss here the concept of natural language as the result of a internalization process of actions between human systems and the environment. A homomorphy between these two levels carrying systemic coherence it's the origem of natural languages and of the human communication systems.


Steel concentrically braced frames are generally designed to resist lateral force by means of truss action. Design consider- ations for columns in these frames are therefore governed by the column axial force while column bending moment demands are generally ignored. However, if the columns cannot carry moments, then dynamic inelastic time-history analyses show that a soft-story mechanism is likely to occur causing large concentrated deformations in only one story. Such large concentrations of damage are not generally seen in real frames since columns are generally continuous and they possess some flexural stiffness and strength. This paper develops relationships for column stiffness and drift concentration within a frame based on pushover and dynamic analyses. It is shown that continuous seismic and gravity columns in a structure significantly decrease the possibility of large drift concentrations. An assessment method and example to determine the required column stiffness necessary to limit the concentration of story drift is provided.


The effects related to particle size distribution on the temperature dependence of coercive field and of the ratio between the remanent and saturation magnetization of granular Co/Cu films grown by sequential sputtering, have been studied with magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements in the temperature range 8.5-60 K. We worked out a generalized model that includes also temperature effects related to non-uniform single-domain particle size distribution. The model predictions account excellently for the observed temperature behavior of both coercive field and ratio between the remanent and saturation magnetization. We find that a symmetric particle size distribution (Gaussian) accounts better for the experimental results than an asymmetric one (log-normal).


For Icelandic stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in 77 rivers, the combination of June ocean temperature, length of river ascended by the salmon, discharge of the river in July–September, and latitude explained much of the variation in percentages of grilse — 72% for females and 62% for males. For both sexes, percentage of grilse was directly related to ocean temperature but inversely related to length of river, discharge of river, and latitude. For stocks in 23 Southwest Coast rivers, length of river explained 72% of the variation in percentage of females that were grilse. Females in stocks south of the thermal gradients separating Atlantic from Arctic or Polar water tended to return as grilse; females north of the gradients tended to return after more than one winter at sea. The decline in percentages of grilse clockwise from southwestern to northeastern rivers corresponded closely with the decline in June ocean temperatures between these areas. I hypothesize that the salmon stocks have adapted the...


The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of type I thyroplasty, injection laryngoplasty, and graft implantation for the treatment of vocal fold scar and pathologic sulcus vocalis.


Suicide is strongly correlated to mental disorders. In several studies up to more than 90% of the deceased could be given psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of this study is to account for psychiatric and somatic disorders in suicide and to discuss their relation to the suicide and the implications for preventive work. One hundred consecutive cases of suicide in Va¨sterbotten County, 25 women and 75 men, were investigated by means of telephone interviews with close relatives, police reports, psychiatric and other medical records, and data from the forensic investigation. In 96% at least one axis-I diagnosis according to DSM-III-R was found. The most common psychiatric disorders were mood disorders (63%), psychoactive substance use disorders (37%), and personality disorders (22%). Two-thirds of the subjects had one or more somatic disorder of significance for the case. In 50% of the cases two or more psychiatric diagnoses could be given. Schizophrenic subjects died on average 14 years after their first psychiatric contact, at a mean age of 36 years, whereas subjects with major depression died on average 4 years after their first contact, at 55 years. The finding that 96% of the deceased had at least one mental disorder and a high occurrence of somatic disorders is interpreted as a severe increase in the burden of the person, which restricts his/her ability to satisfy vital dependency needs. The issue of specific personality characteristics in suicide should be further investigated.


A visible atmospheric optical depth of 0.9 was measured by the Spirit rover at Gusev crater and by the Opportunity rover at Meridiani Planum. Optical depth decreased by about 0.6 to 0.7% per sol through both 90-sol primary missions. The vertical distribution of atmospheric dust at Gusev crater was consistent with uniform mixing, with a measured scale height of 11.56 ± 0.62 kilometers. The dust's cross section weighted mean radius was 1.47 ± 0.21 micrometers (μm) at Gusev and 1.52 ± 0.18 μ at Meridiani. Comparison of visible optical depths with 9-μ optical depths shows a visible-to-infrared optical depth ratio of 2.0 ± 0.2 for comparison with previous monitoring of infrared optical depths.


This study was commissioned by Luminus Developments Ltd in advance of a proposed re-development. The assessment aims to define the archaeological potential of the land likely to be affected by the development. The site is Joseph Rank House, Harlow and the car park situated immediately to the north. The proposed development includes the conversion of Joseph Rank House to residential accommodation and the demolition of the car park and redevelopment of the site for commercial, residential and parking space. The site is situated on land deemed to have low archaeological potential as it lies in Harlow New Town beyond the limit of the Old Town, which was the focus of Harlow's economic and social development up until the Post Medieval period. Furthermore, the site has undergone significant modern disturbance and truncation as a result of the sub basement parking within the car park. There are however, prehistoric remains in the form of the Parndon Hill Mounds, three round barrows, recorded immediately to the north of the site and it is therefore possible that some evidence for prehistoric activity may be present in the locality in any areas of the development not subject to modern disturbance. The site is centred on TL 544332 210010.


Based on the analysis of the current status of the tourism, it points out the development trend of the tourism, and explains the defamation and kinds of the sports tourism at last, gives the strategy of the sports tourism of China.


Firstly, according to the relation of absorber effective thickness and linewidthbetween each peak, using the absorber area data determined by Quan et al~[1] anddata of this experiment, the f factor and absorber linewidth of α-Fe are deter-mined to be 0.793 and 1.21 T. Secondly, taking α-Fe as a reference material,the f factor and absorber linewidth of SNP are determined to be 0.401 and 1.165 Twith reference material method. Finally, according to the relation betweenexperimental linewidth and effective thickness, the f factor of SNP is determinedto be 0.406.


The invention discloses an optical directional device with a light-screening component for indicating position by measuring relative translation of a reference surface. The inventive device comprises an optical unit and a process unit for processing optical signal. The optical unit includes a light-emitting component for forming a light dot on a reference surface, a light sensing component, and a light-screening component. The light-screening component has a light-penetrated hole and matches with the light sensing component to decide measurement range, which make the lighting point gets far away from the measurement range when the optical directional device gets far away from the reference surface.


Backbone utilizing Hough transform and extracts feature points of the extended target tracking method, Gaussian smoothing image is preprocessed be treated to remove the influence of noise on the subsequent algorithm, fuzzy C means clustering algorithm FCM (Fuzzy C-Means Cluster) image after the smoothing divided obtained binary image, and binary target image obtained by the division performed Hough transform, it is detected on the target line feature visible part, and for the target line, Generic part is skeletonization feature points are obtained, and then the feature points on the skeleton of fitting a straight line to obtain the target axis, and finally the point of intersection of the axis lies above the straight line obtained as a final tracking point, thus stable tracking out in the case of a large attitude change.


The spatial distribution of hydraulic gradients within a soil sample under cyclic flow with different frequencies was measured and compared with calculated results. The permeability within the soil before and after cyclic flow was compared. This study shows that a lower ratio of consolidation coefficient of the soil to the angular velocity of cyclic flow will result in higher hydraulic gradients at the boundaries, and lower gradients within the soil. This study suggests that besides geometrical parameters of soil and geosynthetics, the consolidation coefficient of the soil and the frequency of cyclic flow need to be considered as well in the design of filters under cyclic flow.


In 2011 Arab Spring reached Syria and violence broke out causing great losses among civilians. Due to Russia's clear standpoint toward interventions in states internal affairs, the UN Security Coun ...


This work is a study of the gouge and shape of oboe reeds and their influence on pitch and tone quality. The first part of the study included a description of the gouging and shaping processes, a comparison of gouging machines by Claude Reynolds and F. Kunibert Michel, and a definition of two contrasting gouging techniques. One technique features a symmetrical relationship between the gouger blade and guides. The blade's cutting contour conforms to a radius which roughly matches the desired gouge contour. The con trasting technique features an asymmetrical blade which is displaced slightly with respect to the guides. The cutting action takes place towards one side of the cane surface which necessitates the reversal of cane to produce a symmetrical contour. The second part, the study of the influence of gouge and shape on pitch and tone quality, applied the two contrasting gouging techniques. The null hypothesis was applied to the two questions relating to the influence on (1) pitch, and (2) tone quality. Four groups of twelve ex perimental reeds were made with cane featuring thick gouge (.024 inch at center, .018 inch at edge), thin gouge (.023 inch at center, .015 inch at edge), narrow shape (.273 inch at shaper tip), and wide shape (.315 inch at shaper tip).


Methadone maintenance treatment( MMT) plays an importantly positive role on the work of preventing AIDS,but the problem of job turnout in medical staff of MMT outpatient becomes more and more prominent.This paper analyses the formation factors of job turnout in detail for medical staff of MMT outpatient based the work practice,and proposes preventive measures aimed at job turnout,so as to promote the sustainable development for MMT.


The requirements for ITO glass used in OLED are higher than those for LCD used. It has to keep much strict control on the process for making ITO glass because of the numerous impact factors. An orthogonal analysis method is used to deal with those factors, and the ITO glass good enough for OLED used by the DC magnetron sputtering has been got. The glass properties are 17Ω/, 81% transmittance in visible region. By the orthogonal analysis method, we just use limited materials and take experiment times to finish the crafts research.


Near-real time feedback on data quality allows clinicians and data managers at general practices to collectively contribute to improving the reliability of observational data. We report features of an enhanced dashboard used for virological surveillance after the first season of utilisation. Time-series analysis performed on dashboard usage data from 68 general practices (denominator = 722,409) indicated utilisation patterns that correlated to influenza vaccination in general practices. Near real time feedback via a dashboard may improve data quality and possibly vaccine uptake.


Footage of various stages of the STS-46 Endeavour launch is shown, including shots of the crew at breakfast, getting suited up, and departing to board the Orbiter. The launch is seen from many vantage points, as is the landing. On-orbit activities are shown, such as the Intelsat rescue and deployment on flight day 7, and some of the Space Station assembly techniques.


Forming gas annealing (FGA) in a deuterium (D2) ambient is crucial importance to MOSFET fabrication technologies related to alleviation of trap state at Si/SiO2 interface as well as oxide bulk by D2 passivation. In this study, postmetal annealing (PMA) process with D2 and N2 gases under a high-pressure condition was conducted to verify performance enhancement in gate-enclosed FETs. We explored the trap behaviors inside the bandgap of Si and SiO2 by quantitatively using capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics. Furthermore, the change of deuterium and nitrogen ions in Si/SiO2 gate stack before and after the PMA process was directly investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) depthprofiling technique.


Displays and solid-state lighting rely on electroluminescence of various kinds. For example, subject to a voltage, a phosphor generates in its interior mobile electrons and holes, which then combine and produce light. As another example, when an electric current is injected into a light-emitting diode, electrons and holes combine at the p–n junction and produce light. A device of phosphors requires a transparent conductor (e.g., indium tin oxide) to apply voltage and let light out. A device of light-emitting diodes uses metallic conductors to inject electric current. These electroluminescent devices are stiff and brittle, struggling to satisfy the fast growing demands for mobile and wearable applications. Intense research has been taking place to develop stretchable (and sometimes transparent) conductors, such as patterned metallic lines, carbon nanotubes, and silver nanowires. The conductors mentioned so far carry electricity using electrons. The electronic conductors are much less stretchable and transparent than ionic conductors such as hydrogels and ionogels. 13] These ionic conductors maintain their conductivity and transparency under large deformation. A gel aggregates a cross-linked network of polymer and a liquid (e.g., saline water for a hydrogel and ionic liquid for an ionogel). The network makes the gel an elastic solid, and the liquid makes the gel an ionic conductor. For example, polyacrylamide hydrogels can dissolve over 10 M of lithium chloride and achieve conductivity ≈10 S m. Ionogels made of polyacrylic acid and ionic liquid [C2mim][EtSO4] give conductivity ≈1 S m . Gels can be as soft as tissues, and as stretchable as elastomers. We have shown recently that humectants enable hydrogels to retain water in low-humidity environment. Furthermore, polymer networks swollen with ionic liquids (i.e., ionogels) are nonvolatile even in vacuum. Recent works have shown that gels readily function as stretchable and transparent conductors to enable artificial muscles, skins, and axons. 18, 19] Such devices integrate ionic and electronic components, and are called ionotronics. These demonstrations pose a question. Can gels enable other unusual


Insects are the major pollinator agents for coffee trees. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of the pollinator Palpada vinetorum and the presence of the fungi Cordiceps sp. within that insect. Occurrence of both insect and predator was noted in Porto Velho in an experimental area of Conilon coffee trees (Coffea canephora) at Embrapa Rondônia Experiment Field. The survey on the insect/parasite occurrence was held from November 2013 to January 2015 on 100 selected Conilon 5 years old trees planted in a 2,0m x 3,0m spacing. Each plant was imaginatively divided into four horizontal quadrants and the parasitized flies were observed. Eight insects were collected then classified as Palpada vinetorum (Diptera: Syrphidae) by Syrphidae specialist. Those individuals were attacked by the fungi Cordiceps sp. who caused the death. 729 parasitized flies were noted on monitored coffee plants from November 2013 to January 2015. The major occurrence was between March, May and June when 111, 141 and 94 specimens were noted, respectively. Further studies should be done to identify the fungi species and its committal on coffee trees pollination by the flies.


In the present study, initially Aspergillus niger was tested for biosorption of Pb(II) ions and then studied the effect of pretreatment for enhanced biosorption. It was found that the maximum biosorption potential was achieved with citric acid treatment (70.56 %) in comparison with the biomass without treatment (65.46 %) at a biosorbent dose of 20 mg/L, pH 4, 100 rpm, 37 ºC for 8 h. The optimized conditions for treated Aspergillus niger were determined by optimizing the biosorption parameters such as pH, temperature, biomass dose, incubation time and agitation speed. This study indicates that the citric acid treated Aspergillus niger is an effective biosorbent for removal of lead (II) at optimized conditions with the maximum biosorption potential of 83.6 % as compared to previous reported work. SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis showed the structural variations and the functional groups involved in lead biosorption, respectively. Biosorption kinetics showed that pseudo second order kinetic model as the better fit.


Whether in the "hurrah for Hillary" camp or the more critical group denouncing her rise to power, the public has been engaged with this First Lady in an historically unprecedented manner. Burrell (researcher, Wisconsin Survey Research Laboratory) sifts through the polls to describe and analyze Rodh


Through actual test,this paper compares Compass RTK with GPSRTK to understand the actual positioning precision of Compass RTK.The test results show that the plane positioning differences of RMSE of GPSRTK and Compass RTK are 37.3mm and 41.7mm respectively,and which proves that the plane positioning precisions of Compass and GPS is on the same level basically,and with the need of RTK survey.


In this research, the formation process of nanocrystalline terbium orthoferrite (TbFeO 3 ) obtained via a solution combustion technique was studied using powder X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, 57 Fe M¨ossbauer spectroscopy, N 2 adsorption analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. It was shown that glycine-nitrate combustion method permits one to obtain TbFeO 3 of three different modifications: orthorhombic o-TbFeO 3 (Pbnm), hexagonal h-TbFeO 3 (P6 3 /mmc) and amorphous am-TbFeO 3 . It was found that the average crystallite sizes of orthorhombic and hexagonal TbFeO 3 were 29 ± 3 and 15 ± 2 nm, respectively. The formation mechanism of different structural forms of terbium orthoferrite was investigated on the basis of nanopowders morphology, specific surface areas, average pore sizes, and crystallite sizes.


InAs/GaSb superlattice pin photodiodes showing asymmetrical period design were fabricated by MBE on ptype GaSb substrate. These SL structures exhibited cut-off wavelength in the midwave infrared domain (MWIR) at 5μm at 80K. Electrical characterizations including dark current and capacitance-voltage measurements were performed on single detectors in the temperature range [77K-300K]. The SL photodiode measurements revealed carrier concentrations of about 6x1014 cm-3 at 77K, dark current densities J= 4x10-8 A/cm2 at 77K, J = 0.19A/cm2 at 200K and J = 10A/cm2 at 300K for Vbias =-50mV. The measured R0A product is higher than 1.5x106Ω.cm2 at 77K and equal to 1x10-2Ω.cm2 at T=300K, for cut-off device equal to 5μm and 6.05μm, respectively. These results are compared with the ones obtained by symmetrical SL structure and show that the differential resistance area product is improved by more than one order of magnitude. These results obtained help us to define the optimized SL pin structure design suitable for high temperature operation in the MWIR domain.


Retrospective analysis of 2365 cultures from conjunctival sac of patients was done. The most frequent bacteria included Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (11%) and Streptococcus (1%). The sensibility of the bacterial cultures for the most frequently applied chemotherapeutics was evaluated. Our results were compared with those in the literature.


The authors describe a reduction in fading noise which causes amplitude fluctuation on a backscattered trace in coherent OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometry). In order to reduce the fading noise, the optical frequency of the DFB-LD (distributed feedback laser diode) is changed by changing the LD temperature during the integrations of the backscattered signals. At the same time, the state of polarization of the launched signal pulses is changed. The amplitude fluctuation has been reduced to as low as 0.06 dB. Measurements were performed on a 10 km length of conventional single-mode fiber.<<ETX>>


A genetic algorithm-based analysis for the primary microstructural requirements of optimal transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) behavior of the multiphase steel is attempted. Design of primary multiphase microstructure of steel for maximum TRIP effect is perhaps the most important job in TRIP-aided steel design. The quantitative and qualitative control over the complex composite behavior of the different constituent phases present in these steels such as polygonal ferrite, bainitic ferrite, and martensite–austenite constituent is still a challenging task. In this work, the tensile behavior of the steel has been simulated using pertinent models proposed earlier. Necessary assumptions are made using domain knowledge to generalize the tensile model for the considered realm of the problem. Based upon the conflicting nature of the tensile strength and ductility of the steel, the problem is considered here as multiobjective optimization problem. The optimization constraints are inherently taken care by the typical formulation of the problem. The Pareto front results are found quite convincing for TRIP-aided steel design.


A bearing ring which is carbon-rich from quenched and tempered (quenched and tempered) chromium bearing steel is formed, a formed of tempered martensite or sorbitol inner layer portion, and a Vickers hardness greater than 490 HV and 710 HV or less, and formed of tempered martensite surface layer portion is included which is formed to surround an entire periphery of the inner layer portion, and has a greater hardness than the inner layer portion.


Divorce is regarded in the domain of tragic social events that disappears human balance. Since it put places ominous effects thus it can say correctly that there is not comprehensive study about social pathology, social deviations and social Delinquency without recognition of divorce. In other word, every society searches for it shall inhibit it. The present research was performed in order to discuss effective factors on family dissolution and the couple's trend in urban societies and margin of cities. In this research, individual, family. Cultural, economical, social reasons in regard to divorce and its results are discussed. The statistical society consists of widow who referred to Tehran Family Court during 2014 (Shahid Mahallati- Vanak). From the said society, a sample of 80 people were selected with use of Kokran formula and then evaluated by interview tools and questionnaire which made by the researcher. Then, with use of statistical methods, data obtained were analyzed. The results showed that different factors involve in divorce and some of widows experienced sever social and mental; problems and pathologies after separation.


The author investigated the present situation of worker's sports in Liaoning state-owned enterprises. This paper discusses the difficulties of workers' sports and puts forward some suggestions, in order to give some references for the development of workers' sports.


In general, the implementation of second generation Web technologies enabled the user to have an active role in creating and sharing online resources on global scale with the ability to self-manage the personal online reputation and create different digital identity in the virtual world. Privacy, responsibility, trust and security are just some of the problems of the new technology. Unlike the implementation of e-learning 1.0 in higher education - which enables students to manage their online identities within the virtual learning environments created at one of the traditional platforms (e.g. learning management system Moodle) - in e-learning 2.0 there is a need for directing the students in the process of online identity self-management. Even though certain technical solutions can be found on the market (e.g. new generation e-learning systems which offer access to numerous Web 2.0 tools), it is considered that the digital identity is the important component of e-learning 2.0 in organizational, pedagogical and social sense. This paper describes an example where online service Google Drive has been used for executing online learning activities, and which preceded the study of student general opinion about digital identity and online reputation in e-learning 2.0.


In this paper we will discuss recent results in our work on Silicon Photonics. This will include active and passive devices for a range of applications. Specifically we will include work on modulators and drivers, deposited waveguides, multiplexers, device integration and Mid IR silicon photonics. These devices and technologies are important both for established applications such as integrated transceivers for short reach interconnect, as well as emerging applications such as disposable sensors and mass market photonics.


The theory of operation of amorphous-silicon charge-coupled devices has been studied numerically and analytically under the assumption that the localized states in amorphous-silicon are distributed exponentially with respect to energy. The transfer inefficiency ε is found to depend not only on the localized state density but also on the transit time and initial density of signal electrons. The approximate analysis shows that\ln(\epsilon)is a linear function of logarithmic clock frequency, and that its coefficient is given by the characteristic temperature which represents the steepness of the localized state density distribution in amorphous-silicon.


The profiles of functional (proliferative rate and cell distribution in the cell cycle) and phenotypic (nuclear DNA content and hormone receptor status) biological markers and the expression of P53 and Bcl‐2 proteins were prospectively evaluated in breast cancers before and after different regimens of primary chemotherapy. Overall, changes induced on the 2 proliferation indices (3H‐thymidine labelling index, 3H‐dT LI, and flow‐cytometric S‐phase fraction, FCM‐S) mainly consisted of a decrease for rapidly proliferating tumours and an increase or no change for slowly proliferating tumours. However, when considered as a function of treatment type, changes of 3H‐dT LI and FCM‐S were superimposable in rapidly proliferating tumours, regardless of the type of treatment, and in slowly proliferating tumours only after anthracycline‐including regimens. Conversely, following CMF, FCM‐S was increased in 90% of the cases and 3H‐dT LI in only 50%. Our data imply that the 2 proliferation indices could reflect different phenomena: an actual variation of proliferative activity by 3H‐dT LI and an accumulation of cells in the S‐phase by FCM‐S. In addition, a higher accumulation of cells in G2‐M phases could be detected by FCM after anthracycline‐including regimens than after CMF. The fraction of P53‐positive cells was reduced by primary chemotherapy in about 50% of P53‐positive tumours, whereas Bcl‐2 expression was only marginally affected. DNA ploidy and hormone receptor status did not change in about 75% of cases, regardless of the chemotherapeutic regimen. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Flax short fiber was selectively oxidized with sodium periodate. Effects of oxidized concentration and reaction time on aldehyde group content, breaking strength, weight loss ratio and split degree of oxidized flax short fiber were investigated. Results showed that the flax short fiber performance indicators were able to meet the requirements of spinnability in the case of the optimized usage of sodium periodate 6~7 g/L and the best reaction time 50~55 min.


"Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Technique" presents very basic psychoanalytic techniques in an easy-to-understand and use manner. This practical - not theoretical - primer of psychoanalytic techniques will offer therapists helpful tools for their practices. Topics covered include listening and hearing, asking questions, interpreting and working with dreams and fantasies, the variable-length session and phone sessions.


The article describes the original algorithm for control the process of measuring thermo electromotive force. Proposed algorithm allows minimizing the effect of destabilizing factors at the manual testing of metals and alloys. It was proposed to take measurements at a time point when the supply voltage is zero, as well during the pause of PWM voltage of heating and at zero value of contact resistance between the electrodes and testing sample. The control algorithm provides sampling only valid data based on the above criteria, as well, data averaging and indication.


The mobility of the vehicle poses new challenges to the unloading decision. In view of this situation, this paper proposes a unloading scheme of vehicle edge computing (VEC) based on mobile sensing, so that vehicles with computing ability can provide VEC services in the vehicle fog network, so as to solve the problem of high-speed mobility of vehicles. Firstly, we divide the running time of each vehicle into several same time slots. In each time slot, we believe that the distance between the vehicle and the base station is constant. RSU distributes a task to multiple vehicles according to the ratio, and optimizes the energy consumption of the system by optimizing the task unloading ratio. Then a Lagrange and its dual method based on convex algorithm is used to solve this problem, and a low complexity algorithm is proposed to optimize the task unloading ratio, and the Lagrange multiplier is iterative until it converges. Finally, the simulation results verify the efficient performance of the proposed scheme. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm not only improves the utilization rate of vehicle computing resources, but also minimizes the overall energy consumption of the system.


Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is due to acute ischaemia of the cardiac muscle, which results from a sudden obstruction of the blood flow in the coronary circulation. A life-threatening condition, it is one of the most common causes of illness and death. Objectives: To present the ACS patient's health condition, nursing diagnoses and actions, and the results of nursing care of the patient following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during hospitalization. Material and methods: The study involved a female patient with acute coronary syndrome following primary PCI. The individual case study method was used. Results and conclusions: Having analyzed the patient's health condition, a number of nursing diagnoses were made. These included the patient's weakness, pain in the upper limb, the feeling of numbness, cooling, hand oedema as a result of applying a pressure dressing; difficulty breathing due to obstruction in the pulmonary circulation; urine retention resulting in pain; impaired carbohydrate metabolism; restricted physical activity and self-care deficiency; the patient's insufficient knowledge concerning necessary changes in the lifestyle following acute coronary syndrome. Potential nursing diagnoses included the risk of occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia, bleeding complications and renal dysfunction. Then the aims of nursing care were established, the performed nursing actions were presented and their results assessed. The patient's condition was stable; there were no complications and the patient was prepared to live following acute coronary syndrome.


Security.- On the Robustness of Some Cryptographic Protocols for Mobile Agent Protection.- Trust Relationships in a Mobile Agent System.- Evaluating the Security of Three Java-Based Mobile Agent Systems.- Models and Architectures.- Formal Specification and Verification of Mobile Agent Data Integrity Properties: A Case Study.- Lime Revisited.- Dynamic Adaptation of Mobile Agents in Heterogenous Environments.- Applications.- Fast File Access for Fast Agents.- Flying Emulator: Rapid Building and Testing of Networked Applications for Mobile Computers.- Crawlets: Agents for High Performance Web Search Engines.- Communication.- An Efficient Mailbox-Based Algorithm for Message Delivery in Mobile Agent Systems.- Using Predicates for Specifying Targets of Migration and Messages in a Peer-to-Peer Mobile Agent Environment.- A Scalable and Secure Global Tracking Service for Mobile Agents.- Run-Time Support.- Translating Strong Mobility into Weak Mobility.- Transparent Migration of Mobile Agents Using the Java Platform Debugger Architecture.- Portable Resource Reification in Java-Based Mobile Agent Systems.- Quantitative Evaluation and Benchmarking.- Mobile-Agent versus Client/Server Performance: Scalability in an Information-Retrieval Task.- Performance Evaluation of Mobile-Agent Middleware: A Hierarchical Approach.- Scheduling Multi-task Agents.


Base on the resource allocating problem of grid resource management,this paper proposed a supermarket model,which could realize a quick resource matching,reduce the management expense and assign the rare resource more efficiently.


The cooperative learning approach has in the past decades gained significant recognition; it is a group instruction design which combines education theory, social psychology, study with discussion, support, and cooperation of dividing the work between the members of group. Most web-based cooperation learning systems at present mostly offer a network environment of convenience, enable students to study theory course on-line, but seldom offer a cooperative learning environment to operate electronic instrument through 3D virtual reality in Internet. The main purpose of this research is to develop the cooperative learning system of 3D virtual reality in internet, combine 3D virtual reality technology, remote control parameter delivering technology, and the designs of PC Broker, construct an environment that can provide cooperative learning in Internet. The traditional cooperative learning has six characteristics (including characteristics such as heterogeneous grouping, positive interdependence, positive face-to-face interaction, individual learning performance assessments, social skills and the group process), and the designed system is to explore the characteristic of positive interdependence among six characteristics, and realize characteristics of traditional cooperative learning in the cooperative learning system in Internet. The proposed system not only offers the theory course material, but also provides learners to operate 3D virtual reality instrument (related 3D instruments include Multimeter, Power Supply, Oscilloscope, etc.) together through the network. The propose system also provides instant characters to discuss and control the 3D developmental game, trains the positive interdependence characteristic between students and group members, improve the learning interest effectively and the results of learning.


The demand of the real-time data was promoted by significant development of network and IT technology. In particular, the entry of an aging society and income growth increase the demand for personal health related data which attempt to provide various and evolutional healthcare services by several healthcare institutions. Especially the presentation of the medical examination result is the most basic healthcare services which should be expressed to maximize understanding in personal health records for their own health. However according to absence of systematic visualization framework and visualization model, intuitive understanding of healthcare related data is difficult. Cosequently In this study, customized visualization representation based on the results of medical examination was provided to aviod consistent format for health examinee and establish a variety of data representations.


Neuroendocrine tumors of the Ampulla of Vater Neeraj Goel, Amit Javed, Nikhil Gupta, Nag HH, S.Saluja, PK Mishra, Anil K Agarwal Department of GI Surgery, GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi Background : Neuroendocrine tumors of the ampulla of Vater account for less than 0.3% of all gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and have been mostly reported as isolated case reports. The purpose of this article was to report our experience in managing these rare neoplasms. Patients and Methods : A retrospective analysis of periampullary tumor database between January 2006 and July 2012. Patients with NET arising from the Ampulla formed the study group and were assessed for clinicopathological variables and tumor biology. Results: During the study period, 154 periampullary tumors were surgically resected by classical or pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Of these, 6 patients had NET arising from the ampulla of Vater and formed the study group. The mean age of the patients was 43 years with 3 males and 3 females. Jaundice was the commonest presenting symptom (in all patients) followed by abdominal pain (3/6). All patients were resectable and underwent a Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy. The majority of the tumors were well differentiated NET (4/6); one was poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma and one was mixed endocrine-exocrine tumor. One tumor was associated with multiple GISTs and another had a synchronous duodenal NET. All the tumors were chromogranin and synaptophysin +ve and all were T3 lesions. Lymph node metastases was present in 4 of the 6 patients. At a median follow up of 24 (12-36) months all patients are alive and free from disease. Conclusion : The ampullary NETs are rare tumors. They  present with jaundice and therefore present early and are usually non-functional. Most patients are resectable with reasonable outcomes after surgical resection.


This paper represents a hot-film flow sensor which is compensated by a noble temperature compensation method using the initial unbalanced voltage. The resistance value of the sensor is determined by using the graph of the initial unbalanced voltage of an open-loop circuit against the air temperature. The compensation is accomplished by applying the unbalanced ratio of the resistors in the Wheastone bridge circuit. In the range of air temperature of , the error is about .


Reliable numerical analysis of sheet metal forming processes using commercial finite element programs involves a variety of fields within computational mechanics area. Material models, contact algorithms, robust and fast incremental and iterative solution techniques are among the key factors that a finite element package must rely upon. Nevertheless, the finite element formulation itself still represents a milestone of crucial importance in the overall quality of the final solution. As sheet metal forming processes present very strong test cases to the performance of finite elements, robust formulations are then desired. In this work, classes of finite elements involving only the Enhanced Assumed Strain (EAS) method are analyzed. Starting from an innovative approach to eliminate transverse shear locking in shell elements (S4E6P5 shell element) and going through a new approach for a volumetric and transverse shear locking‐free solid‐shell element with a low number of internal variables (HCiS12 solid‐shell ...


With the sampling theorem teaching as an example,the teaching method of the key and difficult in digital signal processing is discussed.By highlighting the logic thread,decomposing difficult points,and combining deduction with illustration,the better teaching results are achieved.


The purpose of the present work is to compare the mechanical properties of commercially available NiTi orthodontic archwires lots. Superelastic (SE) and heat-activated (HA) NiTi archwires from two lots of six manufacturers (3M, GAC, Tp, Orthosource, Orthometric and Morelli) were partitioned into eleven groups (n=132) and tested under three-point bending tests. The difference between the highest (151.35 gf, Tp) and lowest (98.43 gf, 3M) unloading stresses among SE groups was 53.77% (p .05), whereupon there are equivalences in wires commercial offered at different costs.


N i 0.5 Z n 0.5 F e 2 O 4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by modified citrate gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the development of single-phase cubic spinel structure with Fd 3 ¯ m space group. The cation distribution was estimated by Rietveld refinement of XRD pattern and found that the prepared sample has a mixed spinel structure. The high field regions of magnetic hysteresis loops were modeled using the Law of Approach to Saturation to determine the saturation magnetization ( M s ) and magnetic anisotropy constant ( K 1 ) for the prepared nanoparticles. It is found that the values of M s and K 1 increases significantly with decreasing temperature. However, temperature dependence of saturation magnetization ( M s ) and coercivity ( H c ) were found to have considerable deviations from the Bloch's and Kneller's laws, respectively. This behavior is elucidated in terms of finite size effects, disordered surface spins and interparticle interactions in the prepared nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effects of interparticle interactions were investigated by using Vogel–Fulcher law for frequency dependent AC susceptibility measurements.


The paper presents a high-level system model of a W-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar which allows to determine and optimize main parameters of radar functional blocks at the system calculation and simulation stage. The structure of two-level model in Matlab and Simulink environment is considered and its features are described. Results of the radar simulation and justification of main functional blocks parameters are presented on the example of a W-band single-chip automotive radar.


The Unit‐vector RMS (URMS) is a new technique to compare protein chains and to detect similarities of chain segments. It is limited to comparison of Cα chains. However, it has a number of unique features that include exceptionally weak dependence on the length of the chain and efficient detection of substructure similarities. Two molecular dynamics simulations of proteins in the neighborhood of their native states are used to test the performance of the URMS. The first simulation is of a solvated myoglobin and the second is of the protein MHC. In accord with previous studies the secondary structure elements (helices or sheets) are found to be moving relatively rigidly among flexible loops. In addition to these tests, folding trajectories of C peptides are analyzed, revealing a folding nucleus of seven amino acids. Proteins 1999;37:554–564. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


an empirical question whether it is cheaper to leave addicts to shoulder their own responsibility or to provide effective treatment and prevention, just as it is an empirical question to determine which interventions (or lack thereof) are most likely to reduce the impact on communities of substance abuse. And aside from economic implications, it is a values question, to be determined through the political process, to decide how we ought to spend money on issues that science may illuminate. There is a spectrum of personal responsibility, with fully capable adults at one end and those with gross limitations at the other. Few hold young children or clearly psychotic persons to rigid standards of responsibility. The question is where on this spectrum a specific person falls at a specific time, in relation to a specific choice. More importantly, how can we help mitigate the impact on the capacity for self-control of addiction or other self-destructive impulses? We need to learn all we can on the molecular level, and we also need effective research that shows which social and other supports help combat impulses toward selfdestruction. The perfect medicine, if we had it, will not help the person who does not take it. Strengthening commitment to treatment, hope for a positive outcome, and the belief that success and health matter to oneself and valued others are all part of the mix that lead to successfully overcoming self-hurtful behavior. As with other symptoms of mental illness, selfdestructive impulses are frightening, for both observer and observed. Not only addiction, but also such behaviors as cutting, starving, bingeing, and attempts at suicide revolve around impulses and the faulty effort to resist them. The allure of these behaviors, with their obvious negative survival consequences (and complex relationships to dopamine and other neurotransmitters), is bewildering to contemplate. Opiate addiction can at least be linked to a temporary euphoria, but what possible internal world is made better by self-cutting or elective starvation? In the end, nothing is so dehumanizing as the powerful self-destructive impulses associated with addiction and other mental disorders. Whether wrestling with Satan or drowning in a torrent of dopamine, many struggle to resist impulses that lead them toward illness and death. Finding ways to bolster the capacity for choice, by seeking for the best evidence in basic science, social intervention, and public policy, should guide our efforts.


The aquaculture economy of the Republic of Crimea is examined from the point of view of bioeconomics. Possibilities for growing, breeding and territorial distribution of aquaculture products have been identified. The main task is to study the possibilities for the production of marketable products of industrial mariosystems, both marine and freshwater, existing on the territory of the peninsula. Mapping in the ArcGis environment of the territorial distribution of enterprises engaged in fishing and fish farming was carried out. The biodiversity of autochthonous invertebrate breeding is estimated within the framework of a number of restrictions related to the conservation of biomass stocks, a set of key commercial species of aquaculture products. This approach allows you to scientifically substantiate the mechanisms for optimizing and developing this industry with different management strategies. A set of measures, both biological and economic in nature, is proposed for the implementation of the concept of inexhaustible fisheries, which will provide the population with a variety of indigenous products available to wide layers of the population with different income levels and satisfy the needs of adjacent industries for technical products, and will also be aimed at preserving biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems of the Black and Azov Seas by normalizing loads in the organization of recreational fishing.


This paper researches the mistake of interchange /p/, /m/ claimed at Seo jae keuk(1964) and on Hyangga '執音乎'. The interchange of /p/, /m/ can't be appeared in present Korean. This interchange of /p/, /m/ was the remains of Ancient Korean. The truth is that Ancient Korean phoneme /b/ had been disappeared and joined Ancient Korean phoneme /p/. This problem can be solved by intimacy of features. And this paper can solve Hyangga '執音乎' which was not settled till now. '執音乎' was decoded on [t am on], because of interchange of /m/, /b/. It also could be interchanged on [t ab on]. This interchange occurs in open syllable frequently like present Japanese. It also occurred in Ancient Korean. It suggests that Ancient Korean was open syllable language.


This research was aimed to know the washing methods and filtration thickness on the quality of pectin extracted from durian peel and to increase economic value on durian peel waste. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors, namely the washing methods; washed and unwashed with alcohol and filtration thickness: 1 piece, 2 pieces, 3 pieces, 4 pieces, 5 pieces, and 6 pieces. The parameters analyzed were yield, water content, ash content, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic content and color. The results showed that the washing methods had highly significant effect on yield, water content, and colors and had significant effect on ash content and provided no effect on equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic content. Filtration thickness gave highly significant effect on yield, water content, ash content, equivalent weight, methoxyl content and galacturonic content. Interactions of the two factors gave highly significant effect on yield and color and had significant effect on ash content and provided no effect on water content, equivalent weight, methoxyl content and galacturonic content. Washing with alcohol and filtration thickness of 6 pieces produce the best quality of durian peel pectin.


Design and test results for small-signal multifunction MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) for C-band transmit/receive (T/R) modules are presented. This chip set includes the entire receive path and a portion of the transmit path (seven stages of amplification and 11 passive circuits) in just four chips. These ICs, fabricated with the multifunction self-aligned gate (MSAG) process, demonstrate a high level of integration, excellent performance, and a good yield. The variable-gain low-noise amplifier has 30+or-1 dB gain and 2.5 dB noise figure, the phase shifter SPDT (single-pole double-throw) switch has 8+or-1 dB loss, the T/R buffer amplifier has 6.5+or-0.2 gain and 3.5 dB noise figure, and the variable gain buffer amplifier has 8.5+or-0.5 dB gain and 2.5 dB noise figure. >


Surfacing, respiration, and dive characteristics are described for presumably undisturbed bowhead whales in the Beaufort Sea during August and early September 1980–1982. The interval between respir...


(75) Inventor: Glenn S. Hanson, Knoxville, TN (57) ABSTRACT (US) In accordance with the present inventive concept, there is provided a wiring harness. The wiring harness comprises a (73) Assignee: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD, first Supply conductor, a first and a second circuit return Baden (CH) conductor, and a first plug connector comprising a first and a second output terminal. The Supply conductor is connected to (21) Appl. No.: 13/151,772 the first output terminal. Moreover, the first circuit return conductor is connected to the second output terminal via a (22) Filed: Jun. 2, 2011 first diode arranged in the plug connector, and the second circuit return conductor is connected to the second output Publication Classification terminal via a second opposing diode arranged in the plug (51) Int. Cl. connector. There is also provided a wiring circuit comprising HOIB 7/00 (2006.01) a plurality of wiring harnesses.


Abstract : DODI 4140.42 establishes policy for the determination of initial requirements for secondary item spare and repair parts. DODI 4140.42 also authorizes alternative models whose objective is to minimize time-weighted requisitions short. The Variable Threshold Rule, an alternative initial stockage model developed for the Navy, has been approved as an acceptable substitute for the DOD model. This study compares the performance of the current UICP risk model (which meets the alternative model criteria) with the Variable Threshold Rule, the DODI rules, and the current stocking criteria. The study shows that the Variable Threshold and the UICP policies are both more cost-effective than the DOD model, but the Variable Threshold is more flexible and easier to implement. (Author)


We report the fabrication of Ge:Mn ferromagnetic semiconductors by Mn-ion implantation into Ge followed by pulsed laser annealing. Benefiting from the short time annealing, the hole concentration in Mn-implanted Ge has been increased by two orders of magnitude from 10$^{18}$ to over 10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$. Likely due to the high hole concentration, we observe that the longitudinal and Hall resistances exhibit the same hysteresis as the magnetization, which is usually considered as a sign of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism.


Lifetimes of excited states in 155Dy were measured by means of the Recoil Distance Doppler-shift technique in the coincidence mode. The experiment was performed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro with the GASP array and the Cologne plunger using the reaction 124Sn(36S,5n)155Dy at a beam energy of 155 MeV. The Differential decay-curve method was applied for the lifetime determination. The measured transition probabilities in 155Dy and the energy spectrum are compared to the predictions of the Particle plus rotor model. The comparison indicates slightly different quadrupole deformations characterizing the low-lying one-quasineutron bands which may point to a shape coexistence.


In July 2005 the US stock market started using the risk-based approach to margining customer accounts gradually excluding from margining practice the strategy-based approach, which has been used for more than four decades. In this paper we argue that this change has a direct link to the stock market crash of October 2008. We also show that among the main reasons of this change are high strategy-based margin requirements in comparison with much lower risk-based, the combinatorial complexity of the strategy-based approach, and the failure of the brokerage industry to adopt the achievements of combinatorial optimization.


To investigate whether low systolic blood pressure is predictive for increased mortality risk in 90‐year‐old subjects without heart failure, defined by low levels of NT‐proBNP, as well as in 90‐year‐old subjects with high levels of NT‐proBNP.


A large number of medicinal plants are reported to have antidiabetic properties. Trace elements present in those plants are some of the contributing factors of their antidiabetic activities. The present study was conducted to identify the trace and macro-elements in some selected antidiabetic medicinal plants collected from Assam using Xray Fluorescence (XRF) technique. The data shows the presence of Fe, Zn, Pb, Mg, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Mo, Sr in Aegle marmelos, MussaParadisica, Catharanthusroseus, Garcinia pedunculataandOcimum sanctum. The results of the study provide justification for the usage of these medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes, since they are found to contain the elements P, Ca, K and Mg which play a significant role in the management of diabetes.


The R & P seminar held at RJM Class Room, Ground Floor, IIM Ahmedabad on August 5, 2016 by Prof. Shubha Ghosh, Syracuse University College of Law in Syracuse, New York on "Licensing Intellectual Property and the Dissemination of Technology".


The 1,500 ppm fluoride (F–) concentration limit set up for European cosmetic toothpaste needs to be considered in terms of effectiveness and toxicity. There is clear evidence for a dose-response relationship between F– concentration and caries-preventive effect (25–30% caries reduction achieved with a 1,000 ppm F– dentifrice). Clinical significance of higher F– concentration has not been totally proven. Low F– toothpastes (<500 ppm F–) have been marketed to reduce F– ingestion by young children in order to minimize the risk of dental fluorosis. Their effectiveness is, however, unclear. Fluoride intake and caries risk assessment should be performed by dental professionals and prescription of topical fluoride should be adjusted individually.


The automotive industry is one of the industrial sectors that can support income for countries in the world. In developments in the industry, every product produced is inseparable from end user/customer complaints due to defective components that pass the Quality Control Final Inspection check so that the product is sent to the customer. This must be anticipated because it greatly influences the level of customer satisfaction and will affect sales. Technological developments that are a challenge for the industry include the ability to present information relating to the history and movement of an item or object through each stage of the production and distribution process. This system requires supply chain actors to know who supplies the automotive industry and to whom the finished product is sent, so that each actor has access to information both upstream and downstream. The data and information needed in this research are research variables, dimensions and indicators, research variables and dimensions are taken from theoretical concepts, all operational indicators are used as guidelines that are in accordance with the concept. Through the implementation of the Traceability System, it will be easier to find the root cause and the ability to trace the process where the problematic material was produced, so that we can respond quickly and accurately to market claims from customers because each process has been integrated with the Barcode system. The supporting systems and devices are needed for a smooth traceability process. Through the implementation of the Traceability System, it is hoped that similar complaints from End Users/Customers will not occur again afterwards so that it will further increase customer trust which will have an impact on increasing orders which will directly increase company profits.
Keywords: Automotive, barcode system, traceability system, market claims, customer


Additional studies on reproduction of the Spectacled Caiman (Caiman sclerops), two Side-neck Turtles (Podocnemis expansa, Podocnemis anifilis) and one Snake-neck Turtle (Phrynops geoffroanus tuberosus) have been carried out in the Upper Caqueta and its tributary, rio Caguan, which belong to the Colombian Amazon Basin.  Moreover, it had been found, that the Matamata (Chelus fimbriatus] belongs to the native faunistic elements of the Upper Caqueta, and was not introduced from other rivers or its lower course, as formerly suspected.  The main results are the following: 1) Caiman sclerops. Eggs. Measurements: From 67.0 : 41.5 mm. to 73.5 : 41.0 mm, Hatchlings. Total length: Between 239.5 mm. and 255.5 mm. Weight: From 32 g, 250 mg. to 47 g. 2) Podocnemis expansa. Originally not native to Upper Caqueta, but introduced as hatchlings from its lower course and rio Putumayo in 1940, 1943 and 1955; actually already reproducing. Eggs. Measurements: Between 44.5 : 36.5 mm. and 48.5 : 45.5 mm, Weight: 34 g, 350 mg. and 44 g, 300 mg. Hatchlings. Measurements (Carapace Length) : Between 39.5 mm, and 45.0 mm. Weight: 17 g, 300 mg. and 20 g. 3) Podocnemis unifilis. Eggs. Measurements: Between 41.0 : 28.5 mm. and 51.0 : 33.5 mm. Weight: 15 g. to 31 g. Hatchlings. Measurements: Between 34.0 mm, and 48.0 mm, Weight: 8 g, 750 mg. to 21 g, 100 mg. The nests are between 180 mm. and 210 mm, deep and contain normally from 14 to 27 eggs; the first hatchlings are found in 80 mm. to 150 mm, depth. 4) Light seems to be the main factor for the orientation of hatchlings to find their way in direction to the water; they develop a considerable speed, needing only 25 minutes to cover the distance of 96 meters from the nest to the river shore; here they do not remain in shallow water, but rather dive immediately in direction to the depth of rivers and lakes, evidently seeking for better protection against their natural enemies, even fishes, in the muddy and dark waters. 5) Phrynops geoffroanus tuberosus. Eggs. Measurements: Between 32.5 : 31.5 mm. and 35.0 : 34.0mm. Weight: 13 g, 550 mg. to 22 g. Hatchlings. Measurements: Between 38.5 mm, and 48.0 mm, Weight: 7 g, 700 mg. to 14 g, 750 mg.


Abstract. The works of M. Kurushina, I. Linchak, I. Lysenko, M. Shevchenko, H. Sokolova, T. Plotnikovа, D. Polyakov, I. Valchenko and І. Zozula are devoted to the issue of teaching methods in a foreign language audience at the beginner level in Ukrainian linguistics. They study special features of the formation of reading and speaking skills in the Ukrainian language. They examine the types of lexical units, grammatical categories, multi-genre texts that are appropriate for studying at the initial stage. Modern methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language are based on the communicative approach, which resulted in a paradigm shift from the study of vocabulary and grammar to language acquisition through speech acts as ways of communicative interaction in specific communication situations. At the beginner level of learning the Ukrainian as a foreign language, speakers (foreigners studying in Ukraine, students of Ukrainian Studies in the world, the Ukrainian diaspora, children of migrant workers studying at Saturday and Sunday schools abroad) should master the skills of realizing the following etiquette speech acts: apologies, greetings, wishes, thanks, congratulations and farewells. In this regard, the present paper considers features of realization of etiquette speech acts to successfully introduce them into the educational process of Ukrainian as a foreign language at the beginner level (A1). The paper outlines a set of etiquette speech acts, which are studied in a foreign language audience at the beginner level and describes the socio-cultural context of their realization, communicative situation, an addresser / addressee status, communicative goal. It also identifies lexical and grammatical means for the verbalization of etiquette speech acts, which will be studied by foreign language speakers at the beginner level. These are utterances and lexemes that form the content of the relevant speech acts to meet the communicative needs at the beginner level (phrases of greetings and farewells, names of the holidays, names of abstract concepts, etc.). A set of grammatical categories is specified for making correct utterances: indirect cases of nouns and personal pronouns, exclamatory case of nouns; for correct naming of the addressee: conjugation of verbs (to greet / to wish) in the present tense, noun-adjective agreement, examples of verb government, etc. The object of the analysis is also language means of forms of address to the interlocutor, which belong to the global rules of communication, determine its tone, and the violation of which often causes communicative deviations in the Ukrainian language. A system of exercises and tasks for reading, listening, developing monologue and dialogic speech provides effective learning of the etiquette speech acts.


The classification of cell diversity using ontologies is a core step for managing biomedical data. While technical tools to represent knowledge about cell types are available, there is still a gap between classes mentioned in biomedical literature and what has been cataloged by the Cell Ontology. Here we introduce the M inimal I nformation R eporting A bout a C el L (MIRACL) standard to bridge the gap between natural language reports and formal ontologies. The standard currently outlines four free-text fields (label, diagnostic description, reference, and additional information) and three formal fields (scientific taxon, UBERON anatomical structure, and Cell Ontology superclass). The standard is open to contributors.


This thesis examines the existence of anomalous returns and their risk modeling from various perspectives in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Anomalous returns are empirical results that are unexplained by the theory of "Efficient Market Hypothesis" (EMH). EMH states that returns are a linear function of risk and it is impossible to earn superior returns without taking extra risk. However, empirical evidence shows that there exist numerous anomalies and risk-return models failed to provide a good description of returns. To study the risk modeling of returns, first, this study focuses on the role of liquidity in explaining the anomalous returns in PSX. In emerging markets such as Pakistan, liquidity is considered as an important risk factor and returns are assumed to be associated with liquidly. However, traditional risk-return model(s) such as "Capital Asset Pricing Model" (CAPM) do not explicitly incorporates the liquidity factor. To test wether liquidity is priced in PSX, portfolios are constructed as test assets by using size and volatility related information. It is identified that portfolios constructed based on size and volatility generate 30% to 50% annualized returns in PSX during the period from 1994 until 2015. By measuring liquidity as the average of zero return days in a month and then using the "Liquidity Augmented Capital Asset Pricing Model" (LCAPM), findings reveal that these enormous returns are not violation of EMH. Instead, a reward to investors for bearing the market and illiquidity risk. Secondly, emerging markets are considered to be weakly integrated with the global markets. Hence, it is assumed that there exists better investment opportunities for international investors in emerging markets. Therefore, in this study it is explored that whether PSX provides risk adjusted opportunities to international investors after controlling for the global risk factors. Results show that PSX provides risk adjusted returns to international investors. Thirdly, momentum anomaly is considered to prevail across the global markets. i However, in emerging markets such as Pakistan, on average this anomaly has historically low returns due to the high volatile nature of such markets. Therefore, this study explores whether volatility is linked with the poor performance of momentum strategy. To test this, the momentum strategy is adjusted for volatility and then compares the performance of traditional momentum strategy with volatility/variance scaled momentum strategies during the period from 1994 until 2016. By using simple descriptive analyses, results show that the scaled momentum strategies outperform traditional strategy in terms of higher raw returns and the Sharpe Ratios (SR). In addition, rationalizing the returns of traditional and scaled momentum strategies in the framework of standard asset pricing models reveal that the scaled strategies produce larger risk adjusted returns than the traditional momentum. Furthermore, the probability of negative returns for scaled momentum strategies reduce in comparison to traditional momentum strategy. Lastly, this thesis examines the ability of investor sentiment to predict conditional volatility and excess returns at aggregate market and industry level in PSX by using daily data from 2001 until 2015. The results show that sentiment induced investors overreact to information which results in excess demand. As a result, investor sentiment predicts lower future expected returns. However, this miss pricing corrects in the next period which brings the sentiment induced prices towards the equilibrium level. It has also been confirmed that bullish (bearish) sentiment increases (decreases) volatility which in-turn affect the mean variance relationship. However, the commonality of the effect of investor sentiment via conditional volatility has not been uniform across industries.


The blends of high_density polyethylene (HDPE) and styrene_acrylonitrile copolymer (AS) were compatibilized by the graft copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile onto chloronated polyethylene (CPE_g_AS).And the effects of CPE_g_AS contents on thermal properties, mechanical properties and morphology of HDPE/AS blends were investigated. DSC results indicated that CPE_g_AS could improve the interaction between the two components. SEM micrographs showed that the compatibilizer CPE_g_AS could reduce the dispersed phase size and brought about an improvement of the tensile strength of the blends. The introduction of compatibilizer CPE_g_AS effectively improved the physical mechanical properties of HDPE/AS blends.


ABSTRACT Purpose: Surgery for strabismus associated with neurological impairment is assumed to have unsatisfactory results in comparison with other strabismus cases. The aim of this study is to compare the surgical success rates of infantile esotropia (IE) and strabismus associated with neurological impairment. Methods: The records of 103 patients that received operations for IE and strabismus associated with neurological impairment between January 1994 and May 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The angles of deviation and surgical success rates were evaluated at preoperative, 1-month postoperative, and 24-month postoperative visits. Results: Forty-five patients received operations for strabismus associated with neurological impairment (25 patients with esotropia and 20 patients with exotropia) and 58 patients for IE. Mean preoperative angles of deviation in cases with neurological impairment were 42 prism diopters (PD) for esotropia, 44.7 PD for exotropia, and 44.4 PD for IE. One patient from each group had consecutive deviation at first visit, and at last visit, 3 patients with neurological impairment and 5 patients with IE had consecutive deviations. Surgical success rates at the end of the second year were 52% for esotropia and 50% for exotropia in patients with neurological impairment and 56.8% for IE cases. Conclusion: This study was unable to find the differences between surgical success rates in IE and strabismus associated with neurological impairment.


. NOx is one of emission pollutant resulted from Backhoe equipment. This research aims to build a predictive model to estimate NOx pollutant released by backhoe equipment using Support Vector Machine model. Two type of kernel types (radial basis function and linear kernel types) are compared. The study runs the model several time to maximize the accuracy of SVM by finding the optimized parameter, which includes C, ε, and γ. The results show that radial basis function kernel type provide higher accuracy than linear kernel type. In addition, this study also conclude that higher C and γ parameter results in much lower mean absolute error value. However, it requires much longer calculation time. The SVM predictive model also show that the significant factors to predict NOx emission are MAP, RPM, backhoe type and the intake temperature.


The definition of tumour deposit (TD) in colorectal cancer (CRC) was changed recently in the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, 7th edition. We aimed to examine the prognostic values of the newly defined TD and perineural invasion (PNI) in this population study.


Question 1 Consider a variant of the model of politics under elite domination studied in the lecture, whereby elite and middle class individuals produce intermediate goods that are imperfectly substitutable. In particular, assume that the economy is closed and the total supply of the unique final good at time t is Yt = (Y e t ) μ (Y m t ) 1−μ , where Y e t is the total supply of the intermediate good produced by the elite and Y m t is the total supply of the intermediate good produced by the middle class. As in the lecture notes, assume that all individuals have utility given by U j 0 = E0 ∑∞ t=0 β cjt with β < 1. There are θe elite agents, θm middle-class agents, and a mass of workers normalized to 1. Elite and middle-class producers have access to the production function


OBJECTIVES
The key characteristics of this study are to highlight the research trend pertaining to the use of machine learning in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric conditions.

METHODS
The last ten years (2011-2020) Scopus data related to the use of machine learning techniques in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric disorders in human beings have been collected and examined using VOSviewer. The global internet trend for neuropsychiatric disorders and machine learning techniques during the observation period (1-Jan-2010 to 30-Nov-2020) has been also explored using Google Trend.

RESULTS
The mean values of the Google trend for neuropsychiatric disorders and machine learning are 52.09 and 40.00 respectively. Moreover, the correlation coefficient for the Google trend of USA, UK and the world found to be significantly (0.98) higher. Likewise, the mean values of web trend for USA, UK, and China are 42.17, 38.55, and 30.90. Additionally, the Google trend for the term 'machine learning' in the observation period (1-Jan-2010 to 30-Nov-2020) has been also explored.

CONCLUSION
It is observed that the researchers from the US (32.4%), UK (9.2%) and China (7.4%) are the prime contributors as far as mining and management of the neuropsychiatric disorders using machine learning is concerned. Moreover, the study revealed that neuropsychiatric disorders (seizure, eating, mood, sleep, conduct, and intellectual) need more attention as far as machine learning is concerned.


Rats were subjected to restraint of various lengths of time. In the experiments of longer duration ulcers developed whereas in the shorter experiments no ulcers were seen. The aminosugar content of acid polysaccharides in the gastric wall of the glandular stomach were increased slightly in the "pre-ulcerous" groups and fell sharply to below control values in the ulcer groups. Fractionation of polysaccharides from the ulcer groups showed that the fractions believed to contain connective tissue polysaccharides (chondroitin sulfuric acid and hyaluronic acid) and one of the fractions containing epithelial mucopolysaccharides fell significantly. This effect has also been seen in other studies in dogs after cinchophen feeding. This study shows that the changes in the gastric wall polysaccharides can be affected endogenously without any pharmacological agents.


Detailed Raman spectroscopy studies on polycrystalline Sr1-xPrxTiO3 (x=0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.09, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17) samples are reported elucidating the microscopic mechanism of relaxor ferroelectrics. The polar mode was observed upto very high temperature ~1000 K suggesting that the dipoles exists at temperatures well above the characteristic relaxor temperatures and they develop a short range correlation at 505 K leading to formation of PNRs. The TO2 polar mode showed anomalous softening in cooling below T~505 K supporting the growth of PNRs. Fano resonance is reported in the Pr doped compounds which decreases with increasing doping. Our work on Pr doped SrTiO3 reveals that the local TiO6 octahedral tilt scales with the intensity of the polar mode and hence can be used as an order parameter for relaxor transition. The study showed that the paraelectric to relaxor ferroelectric phase transition in this compound is random polarizability instability driven phenomenon which is correlated with the local octahedral tilt angle. The study supports competition and cancelation between lattice and polar instabilities at global length scale while cooperation between the two at local length scale. The modulation in local structure of the material in temperature interval related to dielectric anomaly has been observed which is not been investigated previously by any structural tool.


Abstract A three-dimensional elasto-plastic pile-soil model is proposed to deal with the problem of laterally loaded single piles and pile groups near ground surface slopes. The model is implemented in the COSMOS/M computer package. Interface elements are used between piles and surrounding soil to simulate real soil-structure interaction. This model directly computes the bending moments and shear forces in the piles. The study is focused on the behavior of medium to long piles. Both free-headed and fixed-headed piles are investigated. Different types of soils including c-soils, ?-soils, and (c-??-soils are considered). The results are compared to those corresponding to the case of horizontal ground surface and useful design charts are established. Based on the results of an extensive parametric study, new simplified methods that use linear elastic analysis only are introduced for the analysis of this problem. The weak zone concept is adopted for one of the simplified methods; a global reduction of soil elastic properties is utilized in the second method while a beam on elastic foundation model is developed for the third method. The accuracy of the proposed simplified methods is verified by comparing their results with those of the rigorous three-dimensional model.


Phylogeny of the centipede order Scutigeromorpha has received recent attention from combined analyses of molecular and morphological data. Denser generic sampling, an additional marker (12S rRNA), and multiple specimens for selected species are used to explore phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy of this charismatic group of centipedes. Among 55 specimens/27 species analysed for six genes are the first molecular data for the genera Dendrothereua, Pilbarascutigera, and Tachythereua, and previously unsampled species of Scutigerinae from Madagascar. Sampling density is especially increased for Thereuoneminae from Australia and New Caledonia. At the base of Scutigeromorpha, the split of Pselliodidae from Scutigerinidae + Scutigeridae is favoured by the optimal parameter set in combined analyses, but most suboptimal parameter sets instead unite pselliodids and scutigerinids. Dendrothereua is re‐established for a Neotropical clade that variably resolves as sister to Tachythereua or separate from Scutigerinae, grouped with Pselliodidae and Scutigerinidae. As traditionally diagnosed, the genera that comprise most of Australian and New Caledonian diversity, Allothereua and Parascutigera, are mutually polyphyletic, though they unite as a well supported clade, sister to or including the Western Australian Pilbarascutigera. The main biogeographical signal within the Allothereua/Parascutigera clade is Western Australia as sister area to eastern Australia/New Caledonia, within which New Caledonian "Parascutigera" has a single origin under optimal parameter sets. Genetic variation within scutigeromorph species is appraised using samples of Scutigera coleoptrata throughout its native distribution plus presumed synanthropic records, and from the Allothereua/Parascutigera clade. Variation between six alleged narrow‐range endemic species of Parascutigera in north Queensland is consistent with a single species.


The importance of centrifugation in the pharmaceutical industry has rarely been studied. Centrifugation is one of the most important and widely applied research techniques in biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology and in evaluation of suspensions and emulsions in pharmacy and medicine. This review focuses on the basics and principle of centrifugation, classes of centrifuges, types of centrifuge separations, different types of density gradient media, classification of industrial centrifuges, types of industrial centrifuges and applications of centrifugation in the pharmaceutical industry. Centrifugation, clearly, plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry in the production of bulk drugs, biological products, determination of molecular weight of colloids and in the evaluation of suspensions and emulsions.