The article analyses the role of the print media in the development of the Ukrainian publishing house "Smoloskyp" ("Torch") in the diaspora (USA) and in the time of the Independent Ukraine. The research pays attention to the role of the publishing house's own editions, in particular to the journal "Smoloskyp", which in the diaspora was the mouthpiece for Ukrainian emigrants and dissidents from the USSR, and in the Independent Ukraine became an edition for the contemporary creative youth of the "Smoloskyp" in today's book market. The article considers how specialized periodicals represent for readers "Smoloskyp"s activity in books reviews, articles about this publishing house and interviews with its heads.


The Diets-Alder reactions of difluoro(methylene)cyclopropanes (F2MCPS) with cyclic dienes are described. These cycloaddition reactions exhibited complete regioselectivity and high endo-stereoselectivity. The obtained cycloadducts underwent a retro-Diels-Alder reaction to give the original dienophiles and dienes when heated, reflecting the reversible Diels-Alder reactivity of F2MCPS.


, Maria Helena Mendonca, Olinda C. Monteiro University of Lisbon, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CCMM, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, 1749 – 016 Lisboa, Portugal Contact: email@example.com In the past decades there has been a growing interest in heterogeneous photocatalysis for wastewater treatment and water purification.[1] For such heterogeneous chemical reactions the use of nanocrystalline semiconductors as photocatalysts, to initiate interfacial redox reactions, generally results in higher activities than the corresponding bulk semiconductors. Nanocrystalline TiO


In this article, an indicator of customer loyalty, such as NPS, is analyzed. A brief characteristic of the definition of "Customer Loyalty Index" is given, specific features of this indicator are disclosed. The importance of this metric for the marketing department and the company as a whole has been determined. Various ways of increasing this index are indicated, indicating the advantages and disadvantages. The methods of NPS control are studied.


The study is aimed at investigating the effect of volatility in exchange rate upon foreign direct investment in Asian economies. The sample is selected from four main regions of Asia and the countries of Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka are selected for study from the South-Asian region whereas from the Southeast Asian region Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand are selected. Similarly, from the East Asia the China, Japan and South Korea are selected while Turkey, Iran and Israel are selected from the West Asia. The GARCH approach is employed to examine the volatility in exchange rate and its effect upon foreign direct investment is investigated by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to Cointegration and Error Correction Model, developed by Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001). The results show a mixed trend with recording the effect of volatility in exchange rate upon foreign direct investment in some countries, however, in almost half of the sample countries; the relationship between the variables is not found.


This essay outlines a certain 20th century Oxonian tradition in epistemology, contrasting it with another line of thought set out by Michael Ayers. The tradition begins with Cook Wilson and the idea that knowing is never having evidence, no matter how strong. It takes a turn in J.L. Austin, introducing two ideas into philosophy: disjunctivism and occasion-sensitivity. The last section considers whether either can really live without the other. The first part of the essay is a general consideration of the relation between two forms of awareness: perceptual, and 'propositional' (awareness-that), and of how the first may furnish proof of the second. The second part considers Ayers' view of the relation, particularly as expressed in his idea of primary and secondary knowledge, and its relation to disjunctivism about knowledge.


With the development of dynamic e-government and the network, the application system becomes more complicated. Traditional e-government system will have an inherent scalability problem as the number of applications increases continuously. To solve this problem, an e-government platform based on multi-tier architecture is presented. By integrating applications, resources and system modules, the platform provides an effective mechanism to reduce the development and communication cost. This paper intensively discusses the design rationale and practical solutions of the platform, including structured data models, a secure data exchange model, uniform interface specifications, a topic based publish/subscribe communication mechanism and an asynchronous execution mechanism. The security of the platform is also evaluated by formal logic method.


THE investigations contained in this paper comprise a series of quantitative analyses, performed with the aid of two very sensitive analytical methods. These methods we owe, the one (Hg), to Dr Christiansen, the other (Bi and Pb), to Prof. G. Hevesy. question


The book starts with a description of the skin vasculature, special staining techniques and a new classification of the vascular lesions in seven different groups. 1. Hamartomas, either vascular abnormalitieszmelanocytic naevi or proliferation of eccrine glands. 2. Cutaneous vascular malformations. 3. Dilation of pre-existing vessels. 4. Hyperplasias such as pyogenic granuloma and angiolymphoid hypoplasia with eosinophilia. 5. Benign neoplasms. 6. Malignant neoplasms such as angiosarcomas. 7. Cutaneous neoplasms with a significant vascular component such as angiomyxoma, angioleiomyoma, angiolipoma and angiofibroma. A total of 70 different vascular skin lesions are illustrated with clinical and histopathological pictures in black and white. Colour versions of all the illustrations are given in an accompanying CD-ROM. Each of the disorders is described with clinical features, histopathological characteristics, treatment possibilities and ends with 10 to 132 references up to the year 2002. The book has an index of 9 pages and is of special interest to dermatologists and pathologists, providing as it does good information on both common and rare disorders.


Recent research demonstrates that second language learning can affect first language speech production. This has been shown for proficient long-term second language learners in immigration settings (Flege, 1987) as well as novice learners in the study abroad setting (Chang, 2013). The question addressed in the present study is whether learners acquiring a second language in a classroom setting in the first language-dominant environment are also subject to L1 phonetic drift. A group of American students enrolled in intermediate-level Russian language courses at a major Mid-Western university were recorded reading a list of Russian and English words designed to investigate the acoustic realization if word-initial and word-final stop voicing. Several acoustic correlates of initial and final voicing were measured (VOT, onset f0, preceding vowel duration, glottal pulsing, etc.) and compared to data from monolingual speakers of American English from the same geographic region. Results demonstrate that learners'...


(57) Abstract: The present invention, down the biological activity of osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL, TRANCE) - regulates, thereby disorder characterized by the loss of excessive bone mass, for example, treatment of osteoporosis / to provide a novel method that allows for improvement. Down - regulation is done by inducing an immune response against OPGL in an individual in need thereof. The immune response can be traditional immunization or nucleic acid using immunogenic variants of OPGL results by immunization of a nucleic acid encoding the OPGL variant. This invention is a composition useful for the present invention also relates to polypeptides and nucleic acids and host cells useful vectors and transformation in their production.


Structural equation models of individual action typically do not take into account the network of interpersonal influence that appears, in virtually all of the fields of social psychology, as an important determinant of individuals' actions. It is not sufficiently appreciated that a proper test of a causal model is placed in jeopardy when this network is ignored. Some research has dealt with methods of estimating the causal impact of a network of interpersonal influences, once such a network has been made a part of a causal model. Hardly any attention, however, has been given to the theoretical foundations and implications of extending the general linear model to encompass a network of interpersonal influences. This paper is concerned with these foundations and implications; its goal is to make the network approach to individual action accessible to a larger audience of sociologists.


In this study, an on‐line sample preconcentration technique, field‐amplified sample injection combined with water removal by electroosmotic flow (EOF) pump, was applied to realize a highly sensitive chiral analysis of β‐blocker enantiomers by MEEKC. The introduction of a water plug in capillary before the electrokinetic injection provided the effective preconcentration of chiral compounds. And then the water was moving out of the column from the injection end under the effect of the EOF, which avoided dilution of the stacked β‐blocker enantiomers concentration suffering from the presence of water in separation buffer. Moreover, the addition of H3PO4 and methanol in the sample solution greatly improved the enhancement efficiency further. Under optimized conditions, more than 2700‐fold enhancement in sensitivity was obtained for each enantiomer of bupranolol (BU), alprenolol (AL), and propranolol (PRO) via electrokinetic injection. LODs were 0.10, 0.10, 0.12, 0.11, 0.02, and 0.02 ng/mL for S‐BU, R‐BU, S‐AL, R‐AL, S‐PRO, and R‐PRO, respectively. Eventually, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of BU, AL, and PRO in serum samples with good recoveries ranging from 93.4 to 98.2%.


The frequency difference of signals generated base on different crystal oscillator would change when signal generator is placed in a high temperature environment.This paper introduces a method of designing a signal generator which works in a high temperature environment.The approach based on FPGA technology and using Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis technology and Phase-locked loop technology.The paper also discusses the architecture of the signal generation system and the optimizing method.An experiment implemented strictly same as the working environment and result show good accordance with the design.


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Although receiving significant attention in management research, the organizational competence concept still remains difficult to apply, due to the vagueness of the theoretical construct, and due to the lack of pragmatic procedures to make it actionable. According to recent research, knowledge visualization may mitigate the elusiveness of the competence concept by assisting the identification, management, and communication of competences. In this paper, we thus review the academic literature in search for conceptual representations designed to support organizational competence mapping at the intra-, and inter-organizational level. By taking a synoptic overview of the collected representations, we single out the building blocks of competence visualization, and develop a corresponding classification. Drawing on this classification, we position twelve existing competence representation methods in an integrative framework to assist practitioners in selecting the right representation method and to inform scholars about future research and development needs.


Status and progress in the study on the performances of gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed with nanometer particles at home and abroad were reviewed. It is suggested to deepen and broaden the experimental and theoretical studies on gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed with nanometer particles by using microwave analysis, developing new measurement technique and applying computer-experiment and direct numerical simulation, etc.


Gombe the mind of the chimpanzee the research centre mothers and daughters Figan's rise power change Gilka sex war sons and mothers baboons Goblin Jomeo Melissa Gigi love bridging the gap our shame conclusion some thoughts on the exploitation of non-human animals chimpanzee conservation and sanctuaries the Jane Goodall Institute.


In this paper, a low radar cross section (RCS) tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) based on novel dual-polarized frequency-selective polarization converter (FSPC) has been proposed. The proposed FSPC structure is comprised of a polarization conversion metasurface and a band-pass frequency selective surface, and the coding sequence of FSPC can be derived by simulated annealing algorithm to achieve simulated mono-static RCS reduction. The process of the co-design of the TCDA with FSPC is presented, and the radiation performance of the antenna array meets the design requirements. A TCDA sample and 20 × 20 FSPC elements were designed and fabricated. The measured results indicated that a significant reflection reduction from 15 GHz to 21 GHz compared with a metallic plane of the same size at the boresight, and the simulated and measured normalized radiation patterns are in good agreement.


Injection of old mice with thymosin α1, a synthetic peptide consisting of 28 amino acid residues and exhibiting thymic hormone‐like activity, increases the splenic frequency of T cell precursors. Young (3‐month‐old) or old (19–20‐month‐old) mice received a single i.p. injection of thymosin α1 or of an equimolar amount of the N14 (N‐terminal amino acid residues 1–14) or C14 (C‐terminal amino acid residues 15–28) synthetic fragment of the thymosin α1 molecule and their spleen cells were assayed 3 days later under limiting dilution conditions to assess the frequency of mitogen‐responsive and interleukin 2‐producing T cells. Injection of thymosin α1 or of its N14 fragment increases the frequency of responsive T lymphocytes in old, but not in young mice whereas injection of the C14 fragment has no demonstrable effect in either young or old mice. These data are consistent with our previous observation that the biological activity of thymosin α1 is restricted to the N‐terminal half of the molecule and suggest that this peptide amplifies the pool of mitogen‐responsive and interleukin 2‐producing T cells in immunodeficient old mice.


Multivariate permutation polynomials over the algebra of formal series over a finite field and its residual algebras are characte- rized. Some known properties of permutation polynomials over finite fields are also extended. AMS Classification 2000: 13B25, 13F25, 11T55.


A study was made of the regularities of the influence of the main parameters of external thermal effects (elevated heating temperatures and external pressures) on the rate and explosive modes of combustion development of compacted mixtures of magnesium, aluminum and sodium nitrate with fluoride additives metals for different values of technological parameters (excess ratio of the oxidizing agent, nature and content of the additive, dispersion of the components). The effect of technological parameters (ratio and dispersion of components, compaction coefficient, charge diameter, shell material, etc.) on the dependence of the burning rate of mixtures on elevated heating temperatures and external pressures was established; critical ranges of changes in these parameters are determined, the excess of which leads to premature explosive development of combustion of mixtures and fire hazardous destruction of products. On the basis of the research, methods were developed to prevent these destructions of products by regulating technological parameters at the stage of preparation of charge mixtures, which increases the stability of the combustion process of mixtures to external thermal influences. A database has been obtained on the burning rates of compacted mixtures of metal powders (Mg, Al), nitrate-containing oxidizer (NaNO3 ) and additives of inorganic substances (metal fluorides (LiF, NaF, BaF2 , SiF2 , SrF2 , AlF3 )) under conditions elevated heating temperatures and external pressures for various values of technological parameters, which makes it possible to determine the explosive modes of their combustion.


Patterns of individuation occurring in the primary embryonic axis of Xenopus following excision of the organizer region of the early gastrula are described. In some 70% of cases the information for induction of the complete head is qualitatively restored by the time of cell determination, giving rise to an essentially normal embryo. In some 40% of cases a second posterior axis of bilaterality is formed, causing development of a secondary anus, tail-fin and spinal cord, and often somites. The probabilities of twinning in the tailfield and of failure to complete apical regulation (= head formation) are largely independent. After such excision of the head organizer region, a delay of some 3 h in the schedule of visible differentiation in the neurula/tail-bud embryo is commonly incurred, whether or not apical regulation is successful. When the apex is excised from a host embryo which has already contained for some hours a second apex (= head organizer) as described in an earlier paper, that grafted apex then captures a considerably increased territory in the host material, as seen from the size of the individuation field finally caused by it. Such a shift across host cells, of the boundary between fields of positional information due to two organizers, is not seen under any conditions where these are left intact, or where host excision is carried out soon after implanting the donor organizer. In discussing the results and reconciling them with earlier observations, it is shown that they strongly suggest the presence of local polar (i.e. vectorial) properties in the presumptive mesoderm, due to signals from restricted regions which have achieved a special apical state. Repolarization of cells by a new organizer is not very rapid, and may spread decrementally from the source. Data on further delays in development, caused by the presence of the second organizer during regulation in the host apex, suggest that one organizer may act directly on cells elsewhere to delay or prevent the restoration of the apical state there.


Physical random numbers generated by quantum measurements are, in principle, impossible to predict. We have demonstrated the generation of physical random numbers by using a high-speed balanced photodetector to measure the quadrature amplitudes of vacuum states. Using this method, random numbers were generated at 500 Mbps, which is more than one order of magnitude faster than previously [Gabriel et al:, Nature Photonics 4, 711-715 (2010)]. The Crush test battery of the TestU01 suite consists of 31 tests in 144 variations, and we used them to statistically analyze these numbers. The generated random numbers passed 14 of the 31 tests. To improve the randomness, we performed a hash operation, in which each random number was multiplied by a random Toeplitz matrix; the resulting numbers passed all of the tests in the TestU01 Crush battery.


193nm lithography requires new resist formulations to achieve transparency requirements for single layer resist. In this paper, the properties of two 193nm chemically amplified resists, one based on the methacrylate chemistry and the other on the alicyclic platform have been investigated as a function of process conditions. Experiments have been focused on the different behaviors of these two resist platforms during the Soft Bake (recompaction rates) and the Post Exposure Bake (prominant mechanisms in the exposed resist areas: reaction or diffusion controlled phenomena).The lithographic performance of the methacrylate based resist has been extensively evaluated for various bake processes, and additionnal formulation effects have been pointed out.


Neurons generate different firing patterns because of different bifurcations in the dynamical viewpoint. Various nerve diseases are relevant to the bifurcation of nervous system. Therefore, it is vital to control bifurcation since it may be potential ways of treating nerve diseases. This paper focuses on the critical Hopf bifurcation analysis and the problem of Hopf bifurcation control. We investigate the effects of key parameters on critical Hopf bifurcation and obtain the Hopf bifurcation occurrence region on parameter plane. With the theory of high-dimensional Hopf bifurcation, we analytically deduce the judgement criteria of Hopf bifurcation type for the three-dimensional models and judge the Hopf bifurcation type of Prescott model by using it. With application of the Washout filter, the subcritical Hopf bifurcation of Prescott model is controlled and converted to supercritical Hopf bifurcation. In addition, we make some discussions on Hopf bifurcation analysis of a coupled neural network. The results provided in this paper could bring new ways to controlling neurological diseases.


The extracellular amylases liquid-fermented by Monascus ruber was investigated and the activity of amylases was determined.The main extracellular amylase secreted by Monascus ruber in liquid-fermentation was glucoamylase,which reached its highest activity at the second day in culture.The growth time is slightly ahead of mycelium growth time.The optimal Carbon source for glucoamylase secretion was 6% starch;the optimal Nitrogen source was 2% peptone.The optimal condition was at 32℃ with initial pH 6,and 5% inoculum.The best culture conditions for glucoamylase production was as similar as the condition for mycelium growth.In the process of liquid-fermentation,α-amylase was not detected.Compared to Monascus purpureus,the production of amylase by Monascus ruber was lower both in solid state culture and in liquid-fermentation.


T HE Koppen classification of climates has been criticized from various points of view. Some geographers regard it with suspicion because Koppen's climatic divisions now and then show pronounced discrepancies from phenomena of the natural and cultural landscapes. According to this point of view the value of a climatic classification is lost when its criteria are too rigid. As the present meteorological observations are inadequate for a purely quantitative classification, it is maintained, every classification must be empirical at critical points. Hence no appearance of false accuracy should be given by allowing boundaries to depart very far from observable features. Others criticize the Koppen classification for being too empirical. It cannot be denied that the Koppen system is vulnerable on both sides. The rigid application of principles derived empirically has established in North America some theoretical climatic limits that are little more than arbitrary boundaries. The fact that central Massachusetts and central Florida are included in the same climatic region (Cfa), that Spokane, Wash., and Fresno, Calif., are in the same group (Csa), and that Vancouver, B. C., and Los Angeles are companions' illustrates the tenor of a criticism that no student of the landscape can ignore. Considered from the quantitative point of view also, the Koppen classification has obvious shortcomings. The use of mean yearly temperatures to establish the BS/BW and B/H boundaries, the use of empirical constants in the BS/BW and B/H formulas, and the purely empirical choice of thermal limits that establish other climatic boundaries are points that have been touched on many times in periodical literature.2 Although the only serious competitor of the K6ppen system, Thornthwaite's classification, corrects one deficiency, it is just as empirical as K6ppen's at critical points, and much more complicated.3 Evaporation data are derived from monthly, not yearly, means of precipitation and temperature; but the determination of


. In this paper, we construct a smooth vector bundle over the deformation to the normal cone DNC( V, M ) through a rescaling of a vector bundle E → V , which generalizes the construction of the spinor rescaled bundle over the tangent groupoid by Nigel Higson and Zelin Yi. We also provide an equivariant version of their construction. As the main application, we recover the Kirillov character formula for the equivariant index of Dirac-type operators. As another application, we get an equivariant generalization of the description of the Witten and the Novikov deformations of the de Rham-Dirac operator using the deformation to the normal cone obtained recently by O. Mohsen.


Abstract We present a proof of the theorem on countability of the set of points of generalized discontinuity of an ( , ) regular real function f:X→ℝ, where is a local system in X and is a partition of X. We start with a definition of a local system in a generalized form and with basic properties of local systems. The concepts are illustrated with examples. The main result is applied both for regularities in the sense of density connected with the Lebesgue measure on ℝn (Lebesgue density) and with Baire category -density), respectively.


ABSTRACT Waste segregation is an important component in the waste management chain as it makes it possible to realize effective Reuse, Recycling and Recovery (RRR). Unfortunately, it has received little attention and is normally informally practiced in most developing countries (DC). It is also affected by lack of awareness, weak regulatory frameworks and enforcement, lack of economic incentive and a low priority in planning. This study was conducted in Kimara ward in Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania. It employed interviews, household surveys and waste measurements, to establish the potential for RRR as well as the underlying factors that are related to the community perspectives and strategies for enhancement of RRR. Results show that the generation rate was 0.53 kg/Cap.day and the main type was food waste (>60% of the composition by weight). The study revealed further that reuse and recycling of plastics, electronics and metals are informally practiced and the selling chain is from household to waste collectors to recycling centers and finally to industries. The potential for RRR was found to be high but, it is affected by lack of facilities, inadequate enforcement of the policy as well as lack of awareness and strategies for its promotion. Community perceptions on what could be done to improve segregation include the provision of facilities for waste segregation and financial returns to the community from recycling business could promote RRR. Formulation of strategies to formalize and mainstream RRR into training programmes and adequate enforcement mechanisms are some of the recommended policy actions.


Silicon carbide (SiC) is an excellent microelectronic material used to fabricate high frequency, high temperature,high power and non-volatile memory devices.But due to its indirect band gap,SiC based LED can't emit light so efficiently as GaN based LED, so people are eager to seek effective means to improve its luminescence efficiency. Amorphous SiC, porous crystalline SiC, nanometer SiC produced by CVD methods and porous SiC formed by ion implantation are investigated, and great progresses have been gained during the latest few years,which make SiC a promising material for developing OEIC.


AbstractThe Bicentennial celebration in the United States set in motion plans for parades, re-enactments, reprints of nineteenth-century local histories, as well as projects involving original research. While many of these activitieswere short-lived, others have continued to exist and sometimes thrive. The Oral Traditions Project is one of the survivors.Located in central Pennsylvania (Union County), the project was started in 1973, in anticipation of the 1976 celebration. In 1977, along with several other projects of the Union County Bicentennial Commission, Oral Traditions became incorporated into the activities of the county's historical society. The older, more established group benefited from the diversity and freshness of what had been thought to be a highlyenergetic but short-term endeavour, while the newer project was given the opportunity to continue its research indefinitely.


The paper by Hall et al. in this issue of Hisfoprhology (Hall ef ul. 1989) is the second in the current volume to describe the clinicopathological features of the plasma cell form of Castleman's disease, the first being that of Radaskiewicz el ~ l . which appeared in the January issue (Radaskiewicz, Hansmann & Lennert 1989). Both of these papers cover largely familiar ground and offer their own tentative (in the case of Radaskiewicz ef a/.) or widely hypothetical (in the case of Hall el al.) theory as to the nature of the condition. These two papers together with their admirable reference lists, assemble almost all that is known about this enigmatic condition which, depending on whether one views it as a pathologist or patient, iseithera great deal or virtually nothing at all. The patient who is unwell with generalized lymphadenopathy will surely suspect that he has cancer and, when reassured that this is not the case but that he is suffering from Castleman's disease, will want to know just what is meant by that term. In seeking its meaning, the clinician referring to the paper by Hall ef ai. would find little of comfort, since of the five patients two have died of 'aggressive disease', two remain ill, one after intensive chemotherapy and only one is 'alive and well' 2 years after the diagnosis. Furthermore, in both papers there are numerous references to monoclonality and paraproteinaemia, terms with strong connotations of malignancy, while the systemic symptoms described in Castleman's disease have much in common with autoimmune phenomena that occur in various paraneoplastic syndromes. Eponymous diseases which start out as clearly defined entities seldom retain their clear-cut identity. In the short time since Castleman described his disease (Castleman, Iverson & Menendez 1956) several new varieties have been described and the eponym has been used for conditions which bear no resemblance to the original. This applies less to the localized hyaline vascular type (the disease as originally described) than to the plasma cell variant first described as a localized disease by Castleman himself (Keller, Hochholzer & Castleman 1972) and later reported as occurring multifocally (Gaba et al. 1978). Histologically, there is a continuum between the hyaline vascular and plasma cell types and systemic symptoms may occur in both. However, while the localized type is curable by local measures (surgery or radiotherapy) the multifocal type, which occurs in a much older age group, follows a much more aggressive course and requires systemic treatment which may include either steroids or chemotherapeutic agents. Histological changes identical to those of the plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease have been reported in AIDS with or without Kaposi's sarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, drainage sites of malignant tumours (Frizzera 1985). therapeutically-induced immunosuppression (Francis, Hollowood & Gabriel 1988) and a host of other


The main objective of this work is the need to develop a new technology for automated solution of railway design problems in the information and digital environment.For this purpose, the methodology of structural system analysis, the theory of systems, and the principle of decomposition are applied. A brief analysis of the terms related to informatization and digitalization is given, and the interpretation of the concept of "information and digital environment" in relation to the tasks of railway design. The key concepts of information modeling of construction objects in the current regulatory documentation of the Russian Federation, the main qualification features and advantages of information modeling technology are given.Based on the results of the analysis of the structure and functionality of existing computer-aided design systems of railways and highways, the sequence of procedures of the existing technology of computer-aided design of roads is determined. The concept of automated solution of railway design problems in the information and digital environment based on the use of information modeling technologies and mathematical optimization methods is proposed. The concept is represented by a functional hierarchical model of a computer-aided design system. For its development, the Data Flow Diagrams functional modeling tool was used.The proposed concept is the basis for the development of a computer-aided design system, which will allow the implementation of a new technology for computer-aided design of railways, reduce labor costs and deadlines for the development of design solutions, improve their quality and efficiency.


Skin aging caused from chronological and photodamage processes results in many alterations in skin appearance. In many circumstances, patients who pursue CO2 laser resurfacing for facial rejuvenation are also concerned with other photoaging alternations that are beyond the efficacy of the CO2 laser. We demonstrated an approach to aged facial skin by using combined treatments of appropriate lasers.


Appropriate healthcare during human spaceflight necessitates adequate capabilities throughout the mission. This paper aims to raise awareness about how operations impact healthcare innovation. Future missions beyond low-Earth orbit will fundamentally alter healthcare, and advancements in space medicine will drive innovation in the field. Space agencies rely on evidence-based approaches to maximise the impact of innovation and make it safe for use in space. However, a lack of human readiness levels delays the inclusion of humans in the technology development process and can prevent the identification of human health hazards. This creates difficulties for the commercial space sector when attempting to apply the government's evidence-based approaches. As a result, medical capabilities for spaceflight could be developed independently of operations and vehicle/system design. Creating a safety framework necessitates alignment between these domains and may promote improved technology transfer of spaceflight medical capability to terrestrial medical needs.


The Argan tree in southwest Morocco is characterized by fragmentation of its forest area and by its adaptability to all types of soils, which disrupts its spectral response. Owing to the complexity in these areas, mapping of the Argan tree facing serious problems when applying methods based on spectral information and ignore spatial information. In this paper, we examine the performance of the object -oriented approach with two satellite images of different spatial resolution (high and medium resolution). Next, we compare the results of object-oriented classification with those produced by the pixel approach. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the object-oriented classification with respect to different segmentation levels. This study shows that object oriented classification is more performance compared to the pixel approach for high spatial resolution images. The results obtained proved also that the object-oriented classification depended on the segmentation scale.


This study is aimed to analyze how abrade of aggregate have an
effect on the shape of aggregate. The result of the test is that
 thhe shape of cruushed aggregates have been changed to round
aggregates according number of rotation of abrasion machine and
actual volume rate of aggregate for shape evaluation have increased
 and the factor of shape have decreased adversely.


The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on P loss potential, soil Olsen-P and neutral phosphatase activities in paddy soils fertilized with superphosphate or pig manure (PM) were evaluated in this paper. Data were collected from a field experiment in the Tai Lake Basin, China. Superphosphate rates were 0, 17.5, 26.7, and 35.0 kg P/ha, and PM rates were 0, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 t/ha for each crop, respectively. Soil Olsen-P in the plow layer increased to a greater extent with PM than with superphosphate. Pig manure increased neutral phosphatase activities in the plow layer compared with PM-free treatment. In contrast, superphosphate inhibited neutral phosphatase activities compared with superphosphate-free treatment. Spring application of P fertilizer markedly increased the total P of surface water in November (< 0.01 vs. 0.10 mg/L) compared with P-free treatment. The total P of shallow groundwater at a 75 cm depth was ~0.01 mg/L. Phosphorus fertilizer did not influence Olsen-P or neutral phosphatase activities un der the plow layer. Downward movement of P did not occur. Appropriate rate of P application of 26.2 kg P/ha for each crop in this soil reduced the risk of P loss in the paddy wetland ecosystem.


Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the order of exposure to maternal betamethasone and intra-amniotic (IA) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will differentially modulate inflammation in the chorioamnion. Study Design: Time-mated Merino ewes with singleton fetuses received saline alone, IA LPS alone, maternal betamethasone before LPS, or betamethasone after LPS. We assessed inflammatory markers in the chorioamnion and the amniotic fluid. Results: Inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of myeloperoxidase, serum amyloid A3 (acute phase reactant) in the chorioamnion, and levels of interleukin (IL)-8 in the amniotic fluid increased 7 days after LPS exposure. Betamethasone prior to LPS decreased infiltration of the inflammatory cells, CD3+ T cells, and decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in the amniotic fluid. Conclusions: Betamethasone 7 days prior to LPS exposure suppressed LPS-induced inflammation. The markers of inflammation largely had returned to the baseline 14 days after LPS exposure.


Most known Sbox Advanced Encryption Standard implementations aim at minimizing chip covered area or achieving high throughput, and usually power consumption is a secondary metric of their cost. However, the need for low power applications with strict chip covered area constrains is great especially in mobile devices. In this paper low power architectures in limited area resources are proposed for Sbox, the basic cryptographic primitive of AES. Those architectures support encryption and decryption operation modes. In our proposed implementations, retaining a small chip covered area cost, hardware techniques for low power design, such as re-ordering of the components,


The conventional (classical) magnetrons generate with the operating magnetic field H>H/sub c/ (c is the critical magnetic field). At the same time, oscillations of the cyclotron-frequency type are described. These oscillations take place in the magnetrons with smooth-bore anode with H/spl sim/H/sub c/. It is noted in the literature that this type is of no practical interest. On the other hand, over the last decades significant results were obtained on the millimeter wave generators-the surface wave magnetrons (SWM) which operate directly with H/spl sim/H/sub c/ and with the very high experimentally confirmed values of efficiency. Probably, in these devices some other mechanism of electron-wave interaction is realized, which differs from the traveling wave type oscillations in the conventional magnetrons. In order to understand this mechanism, it is seems necessary to analyze in more detail the processes in a smooth anode magnetron with H/spl sim/H/sub c/. Just this topic is the aim of the work.


Ten years after founding the Association for Dementia Studies, Dawn Brooker gives her "Top 10 at Ten" list of the research centre's achievements


The invention provides a hydraulic pilot-operated independent load multi-way valve adopting a pressure-torsion two-dimensional spring. The hydraulic pilot-operated independent load multi-way valve comprises a plurality of independent load valves, wherein each independent load valve comprises a valve body, two valve cavities are arranged in each valve body, each valve body is provided with an oil supply port and an oil return port which are respectively communicated with the valve cavities, each valve cavity is communicated with a control oil port, a valve core is arranged in each valve cavity, one end of each valve core is connected with a hydraulic pilot-operated structure, the other end of each valve core is connected with the pressure-torsion two-dimensional spring, the oil supply ports of the independent load valves are communicated, and the oil return ports of the independent load valves are communicated. According to the scheme provided by the invention, the hydraulic pilot-operated structure is adopted to serve as a pilot-operated stage, so that the cost is reduced, and the performance is improved. Mechanical negative feedback for pilot-operated rotation is realized in a manner that the pressure-torsion two-dimensional spring has a function of conversion between axial displacement and rotation of the valve cores.


Research purposes: Purpose: Set-up management skill of electricity for savings and using effectively. Propose solutions to strengthen management skill of electricity in industrial enterprise. Research task: + Set-up argument frame for management of electricity savings; + Evaluate actual status of electricity management in industrial enterprise, analyse the reason of waste and impair using of electricity; + Propose a necessary and effectively management method and provide advice on how to strengthen management skill of electricity.


This article is part of a wider ranging research programme examining theatre audience research via an analysis of "Chekhov: In Criticism, Performance and Reading", which was funded by the Australian Research Council and included theatre production and audience research in the USA, Britain and Australia. In this article he examines school students as audiences for "canonical" theatre (Chekhov and Shakespeare), drawing on new cultural approaches to reception studies, high culture and issues of "expert" knowledge.


Some introductions are conducted on the production techniques,technical characteristics,flows and quality of products in the copper recovery from the waste etching solution.Researches on the removal methods of remaining copper in the mother liquor are conducted,making it rise again and utilizing it.The mother liquor can be used in the production of alkaline etching waste liquid,the comprehensive use of which is significant to the saving of resources and environmental protection.


The crystal growth kinetics of amorphous celecoxib (CEL), an anti-inflammatory BCS class II drug, was systematically investigated for developing effective stabilization strategies to enhance solubility of CEL. In comparison to the bulk, the surface crystal growth was much faster, e.g., ∼80-fold higher at (Tg +3) °C. Both surface and bulk growths near and below Tg were accelerated over those predicted from a diffusion-limited process, which are attributed to solid-state crystal growth and glass-to-crystal growth mechanisms, respectively. These two growth modes were disrupted by fluidity differently upon heating, with a much wider transition zone on the surface in comparison to the bulk. In fact, the surface transition zone of CEL is the widest among all systems studied so far. The phenomenon of cross-nucleation was also observed between CEL polymorphs, forms I and III, which exhibited different crystal growth rates in the diffusion-controlled region both on the surface and in the bulk.


Promoting access to the general curriculum for students with disabilities has emerged as a central theme of recent legislative and policy initiatives. Ensuring that students with severe disabilities benefit fully from the myriad learning and social opportunities available through the general curriculum remains an important challenge, particularly at the secondary level. We discuss peer support interventions, a form of peer-mediated intervention, as an effective approach for engaging youth with severe disabilities more meaningfully in the general curriculum, as well as promoting academic success for classmates serving as peer supports. We describe the core elements of these interventions, review research pertaining to the academic and social benefits available to participating students, and discuss factors that may account for the effectiveness and social acceptability of this intervention approach.


The concept of high-speed control of a mechanical process via electrical modulation of the flow of some kind of hydraulic cum semiconductor liquid is introduced. This is done in order to stimulate activity towards the provision of improved power transmission media for use in the formulation of intelligent tools and systems. A quantum leap in machine performance is the aim; flexibility of operation and motion-switching speeds 10 times higher than presently available are in demand. Some information is given on the background and application aims of the concept. Brief state-of-the-art information is presented on the front-runner of enabling solutions to this industrial equivalent of recent innovations in information technology—the electrorheological fluid.


The focus of this paper is to describe a fully automatic platform to transmit, using the SMS service, medical data collected at home. The overall platform has two main components: a central server for SMS receiving (Central Receiving Unit, CRU) and the remote sending data collection and transmitting units (Home Transmitting Unit, HTU). HTU is connected to commercial meters of arterial pressure and blood glucose, and to a stepcounter. The CRU is located in a clinical center and acts also as a server for the database housing and for the users applications (data display, trend visualizations, alarms). Five platforms (CRU+5HTU) have been realized and given to patients. During a cumulative monitoring period of 251 days, there were 175 data transfer sessions, a mean of 35 plusmn 20 per patient. The stability of the telemonitoring system and the mean percentage of successful encoding of the transmitted data were 100%.


Structuring of DSS Design Models has become very popular. This is due to several factors including the need to improve systems development efficiency and effectiveness. The MIS manager's objective for DSS implementation is to identify a project's goals, environment, and alternate development strategies, then to evaluate the alternatives and this select the model model that will best deliver the system. This is complex problem that influences the procedures and work styles of everyone involved. The purpose of this study is to review the literatures on DSS-based information systems, them to investigate factors related with Design Models for DSS implementation and this to try searding for the effective models.


One of the important factors for electrocoagulation (EC) process is the conductivity of the solution to be treated. Essential mechanisms in EC are charge neutralisation by metal (Fe/Al) hydroxocations and aggregation by van der Waals forces since fl occulation of pollutants with metal is caused by their adsorption on metal hydroxide aggregates. In order to enhance the EC process efficiency in organic wastewater effluents, sodium sulphate (Na2 SO4) has been used as a supporting electrolyte (SE) to increase the electric current diffusion in the EC cell. However, literature has reported controversial effect of sodium sulphate on EC process. This review tries to understand the sulphate effect on the EC reactions. Na2SO4 has been found less efficient than NaCl as SE in EC process for the removal of humic substances, oil-in-water emulsions, and fluoride. However, for unskimmed milk sample and cutting oil emulsion sulphate anions were found to be quite harmful both for electrical consumption and EC efficiency. T...


Extensive studies of the components and distribution which govern background x-ray intensity in the short wavelength region of wavelength-dispersive spectrometry have been made. The theoretical calculations account for the contribution of coherent scattering (including anomalous dispersion factors), Compton scattering and absorption effects. From the differences in the calculated and measured intensities, the intensity tailing of the large peak of the major components was found to be the Compton scattering of fluorescent x-rays. A theoretical expression for calculating the magnitude of the background x-ray intensity using an appropriately selected standard sample is described. The application of Co Kα x-rays interferred by Fe Kβ x-rays and the small intensity change in background x-rays for the trace element analysis of steel samples are discussed


In this thesis I shall answer two different questions about promising: how do we make binding promises and what is the distinctive wrong that we commit by breaking promises. In the first chapter I shall answer the first of these questions by arguing that promising is a practice. This explains how a promise can bind us to act as we said we would because all practices restrict how we can permissibly act in some way. In the second chapter I shall defend a Rawlsian explanation of why we should be morally obliged to obey the rules of the practice of promising and why promises generate obligations rather than merely restricting our actions. This will only be a partial defence, however, since in the third chapter, I will show that conventionalist accounts such as Rawls's cannot explain the distinctive wrong of breaking a promise. I shall argue that this is the case because they cannot explain how a broken promise wrongs the promisee in particular, because they cannot capture the directed nature of the wrong of breaking promises. In the fourth and final chapter I shall offer an explanation of the distinctive wrong of breaking a promise close to the expectationalist account presented by Tim Scanlon. I shall argue that in order to explain the wrong of breaking a promise there must be a practice of promising to allow the promisor to solicit the beliefs and expectations of the promisee which explain the distinctive wrong of promise breaking. Overall I will argue that these two separate questions require two different approaches, one conventionalist and the other non-conventionalist, that fit together to provide a coherent account of the phenomenon of promising.


People think about space in terms of the elements in space and their spatial relations, not in metric terms. Different spaces are conceptualized differently: the space of the body, the space around the body, the space of navigation, and the metaphoric or miniature space of graphics.

Keywords:

cognitive map;
perspective;
reference frame;
navigation;
spatial thinking


An artificial medium for Cysticercus cellulosae scolex evagination was established. This medium composed by 2 (two) per cent of concentrated, purified and lyophilised bovine bile, when compared to similar media presented the highest percentage of evagination. It was also been established ideal temperature for the phenomenum to occur (45°C).Under the above conditions about 96 per cent of the scolex tested evaginated after 30 minutes of culture.


ABSTRACT The dire condition of planetary systems, growing inequality, and other grand challenges seem to make system transformation, either purposeful or not, inevitable. This paper argues transformation agents using approaches that involve seeing the system and its patterns, sensemaking that constructs new narratives and stories about the system built on resonant memes, and connecting across a range of boundaries are necessary for purposeful transformation towards human and planetary wellbeing. The paper further argues that it is such purposeful transformation towards global goals around wellbeing for all (including non-humans) that is needed. MAD statement The world is in significant trouble in its future capacity to support human civilization as we know it. There is growing recognition that major and purposeful systemic transformation of human systems, e.g. economic, social, and human-nature interact, is needed. Transformation change agents can purposefully work toward system transformations using approaches of seeing and making sense of the current system to figure out where leverage points for change are, creating new stories and memes that resonate broadly through sensemaking processes, and connect actors already working toward similar ends.


The embodiment of the invention provides a pinyin input method and device, which can improve the input efficiency of a user. The method comprises the following steps: receiving pinyin character strings input by the user, and displaying phrase sets, corresponding to the pinyin character strings, in an input frame of the input method; responding to a first input of the user and selecting a certain phrase from the phrase sets; responding to a second input of the user and selecting a certain single character from the selected phrase; and displaying the single character in a text input area. The embodiment of the invention is suitable for the technical field of pinyin input methods.


In this paper, we develop some characterization results in terms of survival entropy of the first order statistic. In addition, we generalize the cumulative entropy recently proposed by Di Crescenzo and Logobardi (2009) to a new measure of information (called the failure entropy) and study some properties of it and its dynamic version. Furthermore, power distribution is characterized based on dynamic failure entropy.


This brief presents a linearization method for the voltage-to-current (V-to-I) stage of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). A floating-gate transistor is utilized at the VCO's input stage as a low-overhead method for V-to-I linearization. The resulting VCO is a ring oscillator with an extended linear voltage-to-frequency range. The ring oscillator VCO (RO-VCO) has also been included in a VCO-based analog-to-digital converter (VCO-ADC) to showcase how the linearization technique can be leveraged to improve system performance. The measured results from the linearized RO-VCO are compared to current state-of-the-art designs, and the VCO-ADC is compared to a standard architecture. The circuits were fabricated in a standard $0.35~\mu \text{m}$ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process.


Legume intake could specifically protect against lipid peroxidation in addition to the effects associated to weight loss when included in hypocaloric diets. Thus, 30 obese subjects (age: 36 ± 8 years and BMI: 32.0 ± 5.3 kg/m2) were nutritionally treated by a 8-week energy restriction ( − 30% energy expenditure) with a legume enriched diet (4 days/week servings, ) or without legumes (control diet (CD), ). Body weight, circulating cholesterol, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and urinary 8-isoprostane F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) were measured at baseline and at endpoint. After the nutritional intervention, all obese subjects lost weight, specially those individuals who followed the legumes-enriched diet as compared to the CD ( − 7.7 ± 3 vs. − 5.3 ± 2.7%; p = 0.023), which was accompanied by marked decreases in total cholesterol levels (p < 0.001) and statistically significant diet-related reductions on plasma ox-LDL, plasma MDA and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α output. Therefore, a balanced diet with moderate caloric restriction including 4 day/week legume servings empowered the oxidative stress improvement related to weight loss through a reduction in lipid peroxidation as compared to a control hypocaloric diet.


Woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, is an important pest of apples that infests both the aerial and root parts of the tree. It is a new pest to Kargil and have been entered from Kashmir. No insecticide have been used in Kargil to control any insect on apple except for codling moth. Comparison for chloropyriphose and neem oil were evaluated at three location of District Kargil location of the District Kargil. Both the test insecticide, neem oil and chloropyriphose were proved best in reduction of Eriosoma lanigerum population density. The study revealed that there is no significant differences between chlorpyriphose 20 EC (Dursban 20 EC) and neem oil in reduction of Eriosoma lanigerum population density. In T1reduction of Eriosoma lanigerum population density ranged from 0.88 – 1.11 colony-1 in the three different orchards, while it was ranged from 1.55-1.88 colony-1 in treatment T2 compared t to control where it was noticed ranged from 46.77- 54.44 colony-1.The per cent reduction over check was ranged from 96.21%- 9.04%.


Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) classifies energy consumption measurement and bill processing errors as non-technical losses. When those irregularities are identified, meter imaging and geographic location are requested to a reader. Those images are sent to audit sector. This receives a great volume of images, and its whole analysis is too slow. As an alternative, there is the self-reading, which is the reading done by the customer through digital platforms. To ensure safety in self-reading process, Brazilian Applied Science Review Braz. Ap. Sci. Rev, Curitiba, v. 4, n. 3, p. 2002-2013 mai./jun. 2020 ISSN 2595-3621 2004 a validation stage (self-audit) is necessary. This work proposes a method based on deep learning for semantic segmentation of energy meters and identification components, aiming to contribute with more efficiency in reading validation. This method obtains 73.10% mean average precision (mAP) for intersection over union (IoU) ≥ 0.50; 42.17% mAP for Iou ≥ 0.75 and 41.28% mAP for IoU ≥ 0.99.


Recently, the importance of aliphatic sulphoxides has grown considerably because the production of the intermediary dimethyl sulphide from sulphite wastes of cellulose manufacture proved an economically favourable process. This gave a considerable impetus to research aimed at producing dimethyl sulphoxide. Considering this, the main subject of my studies was to elucidate the conditions of a laboratory sJ-nthesis of dimethyl sulphoxide in the presence of various catalysts, e.g. of phosphorus pentoxide. Sulphoxy-compounds are characterized by an =S=O sulphanyl group. These compounds form a transition between sulphides and sulphones. Formally, they may be regarded as ketones that have a sulphur atom substituted for their carbonyl-carbon.


The 3.5 GHz band is a strong candidate for future urban micro cell deployment with base station antennas located below rooftop. Compared to other frequency bands, propagation in the 3.5 GHz band is relatively unexplored for the micro cell deployment. This paper presents a measurement-based analysis of outdoor and outdoor-to-indoor propagation at 3.5 GHz in comparison to the more well-known frequency of 1.9 GHz. A simple two-slope line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight outdoor path loss model is proposed and compared to different existing path loss models. The outdoor path loss is found to be approximately 5 dB higher for 3.5 GHz compared to 1.9 GHz. The outdoor-to-indoor propagation is investigated for two office buildings and different street shops. For the different presented scenarios, penetration loss increases with frequency and is found to be up to 5 dB higher for 3.5 GHz compared with 1.9 GHz. Although some existing models predict the observations with good accuracy, we propose a model based on line-of-sight probability that is simpler and easier to apply.


In 1984, reform legislation in Chicago created Pace, a suburban public transit system separate from the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) and the passenger rail system Metra. The article provides a progress report of the system 16 years later.


1. High resolution modeling of biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems Using a high resolution model, the Ocean general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (OFES) including a simple ecosystem model (Nutrient-Phytoplankton-ZooplanktonDetritus, or NPZD type), with a horizontal resolution of 0.1 degrees, we have investigated the effects of the mesoscale eddies on the marine ecosystem in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region. The model reproduces high chlorophyll concentration in the cyclonic eddies which are captured by satellite observations. The model also exhibits subsurface structures of chlorophyll and their seasonal variations [1]. Particularly interesting is that the subsurface chlorophyll in winter is high along the edge of the cyclonic eddies rather than in the centers. This is associated with deep mixed layer at the edge of the cyclonic eddies. Strong positive values of the vertical component of velocity around the edge of the eddy appear to contribute to the ring of high chlorophyll at depth. Comparison of the subsurface patterns of chlorophyll and velocity strongly suggests that both lateral and vertical advection influence primary production.


We report a case involving the concomitant presentation of two rare conditions: heterotopic adrenal tissue in the pelvic peritoneum and serous surface papillary carcinoma. A postmenopausal woman with an abdominal cystic mass and generalized ascites underwent laparotomy with the suspicion of ovarian carcinoma. Final histopathological analyses revealed serous surface carcinoma with metastasis to the endocervical canal, bilateral fallopian tubes, omentum, and para-aortic lymph nodes. Heterotopic adrenal tissue was also detected in the peritoneum. Serous surface carcinoma of the peritoneum should be considered in the differential diagnosis when ascites, omental caking, and peritoneal nodules are observed in a patient with or without an ovarian mass. Heterotopic adrenal tissue is another rare condition in adults and can be detected incidentally in the peritoneum.


Examination of smears of the buccal mucous membrane for nuclear chromatin has become a useful clinical tool in the evaluation of conditions involving questions of chromosomal sex. Although actual delineation of the complete chromosomal constitution of the patient's somatic cells yields more information than the nuclear chromatin determination alone. the latter test is extremely useful because of its simplicity. This makes it readily available for use on any patient and applicable to large populations as a screening procedure for detection of certain kinds of anomalies. Hence, it seems worthwhile to call attention to the following modification of the Barr test for nuclear chromatin, which is more rapid than the original procedure, but appears to be every bit as reliable.


In an open network environment,the core data of an enterprise often is often caught under non-authorized access and other attacks.In terms of the security issues in data storage,this paper mainly introduces TGDH group key management technology and its application in SAN(Storage Area Network)environment,and then discusses the self-securing storage device.Finally,the above technologies are combined by applying TGDH group key management in software and self-securing storage device in hardware to improve the data security to a new level.


How can educational leaders support university teachers to meet student needs in online courses? One component is helping teachers understand student perceptions of effective online learning. In this study twenty-one education students from a large metropolitan university in the United States responded to an online survey about their online learning experiences. Each had taken a minimum of three online courses. The participants were asked one open-ended question related to each of the six DELES (distance education learning environment survey) scales: instructor support; student interaction and collaboration; personal relevance; authentic learning; active learning; and student autonomy. Key findings were that students liked immediate feedback and needed a variety of online resources. Students liked online courses that met diverse learners' needs, provided opportunities for peer interactions, and created a sense of community. New technologies were appreciated, and students liked the freedom to make decisions about their learning most of all. To ensure online courses effectively meet the learning needs of students, the authors concluded that leaders should support implementation of best practices in which leaders, teachers, and students work together to understand the constantly changing online learning environments.


ABSTRACT This paper advances a long-standing sociological interest in the relationship between religion and work. As protections for freedom of religious expression have played a more central role in the US and Europe, questions have been raised about the implications for people who are associated with heterogeneous workplaces. In this context, we consider the work-based practices of multinational groups of migrant workers who self-affiliate to a variety of religions and none. Our research employed non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews with multinational groups of seafarers working on cargo vessels, as well as participant observation with seafarers and chaplains in ports. The findings indicate that religious beliefs offer solace and support to seafarers. However, they also highlight workers' desire for religion to be kept private on board in order to avoid interpersonal conflict. The findings have broader application in a variety of diverse environments where migrant and indigenous workers are employed.


Individual differences are considered as important factors in the language learning process. Apart from individual differences, affective factors such as attitudes and motivation of individuals and their anxiety levels which affect the individuals' language learning directly or indirectly are also believed as significant impacts in this process. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between self-regulation strategies, motivational beliefs, attitudes, speaking anxiety and foreign language classroom anxiety and to investigate the predictive power of these variables for foreign language classroom anxiety. The relational model was used in the current study. The research group included 320 male (65.6 %) and 168 female (34.4 %) English preparatory students at Istanbul Technical University. Attitudes toward English Lesson Scale, Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Questionnaire, The Motivational Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale were used as the data collection tool. The statistical methods used for analyses were correlation and multiple regression. The findings indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between foreign language classroom anxiety and self-regulation, test anxiety, and foreign language speaking anxiety. Also, there is significant negative correlation between foreign language classroom anxiety and self-efficacy intrinsic value perception, and attitude towards English. Moreover, self-efficacy, test anxiety, attitude towards English, and foreign language speaking anxiety are predictors of the university students' foreign language classroom anxiety.


This chapter describes the principles of motion compensation in radiotherapy with a focus on robotic radiosurgery, starting with a brief description of the medical implications. Throughout, special emphasis will be placed on the CyberKnife R © system and we will outline the problems originating from the aim of real-time motion compensation. The main current application of robotic radiotherapy is the treatment of malignant tumours while a second, very promising field is the therapy of cardiac arrhythmia, especially of atrial fibrillation. An outline of this project called CyberHeart, and the challenges emanating from it, will be given in section 2.5.


Objective To explore the occurrence situation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) complication with depression. Methods 90 COPD patients at stable stage were selected in this study. The incidence of depression was confirmed by self-rating anxiety scale( SAS) test. Besides,the influence of their age,sexuality,course of disease,and pulmonary function to the occurrence of depression was analyzed. Results40 COPD patients had depression,and the incidence was 44. 4%. It was closely related to their age,sexuality and course of disease,and pulmonary function. Conclusion It is meaningful to investigate the psychologic status of patients with COPD at stable stage.


The pathophysiology of preeclampsia involves profound systemic vasoconstriction. Its etiology may be related to reduced blood flow to the placenta, leading to the elaboration of soluble, vasoactive factors which increase maternal systemic vascular resistance and cause renal dysfunction. Reduced bioactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a central role in this pathophysiology. Previous clinical studies have strongly suggested that relaxin is a systemic and renal vasodilator. In nonclinical studies, relaxin administration to monkeys has been associated with increased vessel density in the endometrium, and in previous human trials relaxin administration has been highly correlated with increased menstrual bleeding in women. VEGF has been proposed as a mechanism for these endometrial effects. Together, these data suggest that relaxin may be able to relieve systemic and renal vasoconstriction and improve placental perfusion in women with preeclampsia. As a first step in the development program for relaxin in this indication, a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase I safety study in women with severe preeclampsia has been launched in the USA. Three doses of relaxin, 3, 10, and 30 μg/kg of body weight/day, or placebo, will be administered for up to 72 h in women admitted to the hospital for management of their disease. Although the trial is primarily focused on safety, signs of efficacy, such as changes in blood pressure and renal markers, will also be assessed.


This brief mainly investigates the disturbance decoupling problem (DDP) of delayed Boolean networks (DBNs) based on the network structure via designing the output-based pinning controller. Firstly, by constructing the wiring digraph of the considered system, the edge deleting method to solve the DDP of DBNs is proposed. Besides, an algorithm is provided to solve the minimum pinning node set. The pinning controller is then designed to delete the edges which can make the output to be unaffected by the disturbance. Moreover, a necessary and sufficient condition which shows the solvability of the DDP of DBNs is provided. Finally, an example is offered to explain the validity of theoretical results.


Focusing on the numerical simulation of storm surge in the coastal waters of Wenzhou, this paper uses the atmospheric Mesoscale Model5 (MM5) model to provide the wind field of typhoons, and the advanced circulation (ADCIRC) model for oceanic, coastal, and estuarine waters to simulate the process of storm surges, which adopts the finite element method with a dry-wet grid. The simulated results agree well with the observed data from marine observation stations (Longwan, Aojiang, Ruian), indicating that the simulation of storm surge is accurate. The good agreement between the simulated and observed results of four typhoons (Nos. 200216, 200414, 200509, 200608) shows that the combination of the two numerical models has the capacity to calculate storm surge elevations along the coast of Wenzhou. Using this method to simulate the 23 typhoon storm surge processes of the Wenzhou sea area of the last 23 years, we find that the majority of storm surge is between 0.5 to 2.5 m, and about one-fifth have an extreme value of more than 2 m. The maximum storm surge value recorded in Wenzhou coastal waters is 3.02 m, which occurred during Typhoon Wipha (No. 200713) at 03:00 on September 19, 2007 when landed. Water decreasing processes occurred 10 h after the main water increasing process with the maximum negative storm surge of -0.5 m. This paper can be used as a reference for storm surge forecasting, coastal engineering design and damage minimization in the future.


This chapter addresses questions related to the impacts of Mississippianization on community organization at the Audrey site. It begins with a detailed architectural analysis, and a functional and spatial analysis of pit features from recent excavations. A comparative analysis of patterns from Audrey, Greater Cahokia, and northern hinterland sites is presented to assess whether Audrey villagers maintained a communally oriented, Woodland-era social organization or subscribed to a more hierarchically organized, Cahokian way of life.
The Audrey site was a large nucleated Mississippian village with multiple types of structures including elite and special purpose buildings, reflecting a Cahokian architecture of power. Audrey inhabitants also continued to practice lifeways influenced by local Woodland traditions, including hybrid architectural techniques and communal domestic activities.


This paper discusses the metal-oxidesemiconductor (MOS) solar cells for energy harvesting applications using Al(200nm)/SiO<inf>2</inf> (1.73nm)/Si-p and Al(200nm)/Mg(30nm)/SiO<inf>2</inf>(1.73nm)/Si-p structures. P-type (100) silicon wafers with resistivity of 10 $\Omega$.cm were used. The gate oxide was obtained by rapid thermal processing (RTP) and the main parameters studied were extracted by means of electric characterization through IxV curves of the MOS solar cells with areas of 3.24 cm2. A different behavior compared to the cells in literature was observed with lower fill factor (~30)% against (~85)%) attributed to the MOS solar cells under the effect of series resistance (~ 12 $\Omega$) and low dark current density (~0.1 $\mu$ A/cm2), which determined reproducible electrical characteristics for energy harvesting in indoor environments with conversion efficiencies up to 12.8% and generated power up to 1mW/cm2.


In a Schottky emitter, the useful emission comes from the W (100) facet at the very end of the tip. The emission from all other parts of the tip called shank emission is suppressed by a suppressor electrode. This paper discusses the simulation results by SIMION for the Suppressor-less Schottky emitter model.


Cigarette smoke is a concentrated aerosol of liquid particles suspended in an atmosphere consisting mainly of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. While the precise chemical composition of the particulate and gaseous phases is dependent on the characteristics of the cigarette and the manner in which it is smoked, both phases contain tens of hundreds of individual constitutents. Notable among potentially hazardous constituents of smoke are tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen cyanide, acrolein, benzo(a)pyrene, and N-nitrosamines.


Gene expression profiling of matched colorectal carcinomas and metastases could reveal key molecular events involved in tumour progression and metastasis. Expression profiles have been created from 25 colorectal carcinomas (CRCs, pT1–4), corresponding normal colonic mucosa, and 14 liver metastases using cDNA arrays containing 1176 cancer‐related genes (Clontech). Hierarchical clustering clearly distinguished carcinomas from non‐cancerous tissues, separated tumours into high‐stage (pT4 and extensive lymph node or distant metastases) and low‐stage (≤pT3) groups, and correlated with the histopathological classification in 87% (33/38 cases). Most primary tumours and matched liver metastases clustered on terminal branches of the dendrogram. Statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney U‐test) revealed 40 tumour‐specific genes (29 up‐regulated, 11 down‐regulated) which allowed identification of malignant tissue samples by cluster analysis. A specific expression signature in matching metastases was not found, but a set of 23 classifier genes with statistically significant expression patterns in high‐ and low‐stage tumours was identified. These genes may represent important targets in colorectal carcinogenesis and might provide useful clinicopathological tools in the management of colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


During the social and political reforms on the post-Soviet Russian state space the major principle of institutional continuity and specifcity of society his mental facilities, refected in political consciousness and culture was ignored. This is not allowed to implement modernization project.


This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image on Mika Hijab's online purchasing decisions in Gonilan. To analyze the effect of ad appeal on online purchasing decisions Mika Hijab Gonilan. To analyze the effect of prices in online purchasing decisions Mika Hijab Gonilan.
 in this study were consumers of Mika Hijab and economic students at the University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta who had bought or visited a Mika Hijab shop located in JL. Menco Raya Gonilan. While this sample will divert 16 questions from at least respondents to the questions of 100 respondents.
 Based on research results Brand image has a significant influence on purchasing decisions. The attractiveness of advertising has a significant influence on purchasing decisions. Prices have a significant influence on purchasing decisions.


Problems of an estimation of investment appeal of the enterprises and groups of the enterprises are considered. Influence of an accessory to the certain group on investment appeal of firm is analyzed. Classification of indicators of investment appeal is produced. Principles of selection of factors and the indicators determining investment appeal are considered


This paper describes design idea and process of the intelligent information retrieval based on semantic Web techno-logies in detail,and proposes a framework of an ontology-based information retrieval system.What's more,this paper also provides analysis of the implementation technologies based on an application of geographical information domain.


Heliophysics is a discipline that investigates the science at work from the interface of Earth and space, to the core of the Sun, and to the outer edge of our solar system. This solar-interplanetary-planetary system is vast and inherently coupled on many spatial, temporal and energy scales. The Sun's explosive energy output creates complicated field and plasma structures that when coupled without terrestrial magnetized space, generates an extraordinary complex environment that has practical implications for humanity as we are becoming increasingly dependent on space-based assets. The immense volume of our cosmic neighborhood is the domain of heliophysics. Understanding this domain and the dominant mechanisms that control the transfer of mass and energy requires a system approach that addresses all aspects and regions of the system. The 2009 NASA Heliophysics Roadmap presents a science-focused strategic approach to advance the goal of heliophysics: why does the Sun vary; how do the Earth and heliosphere respond; and what are the impacts on humanity? This talk will present the top 6 prioritized science targets to understand the coupled heliophysics system as presented in the 2009 NASA Heliophysics Roadmap. An exposition of each science target and how it addresses outstanding questions in heliophysics will be discussed.


Comprising using the video encoder to obtain motion search engine system, apparatus and method for motion prediction factor of search results, wherein the search results include blocks for a group of macroblocks source macro block and / or sub macroblock candidates in the shape the best motion vector for each result. The engine may then be provided as an output to include a result of the motion vector for the search results of all of the shape candidate search controller. Said controller when the controller requests the engine predictor for obtaining a further movement of the second search result, the search results may then provide a first returned to the search engine. When doing so, the engine may be used as the first search result using the initial conditions of the other motion predictor performs a motion search.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Reproduction system is affected by nutrient status of the animal. Flushing is one of reproduction program where the animal should give good quality diet. This study was aimed to evaluate etawah crossbred does reproduction performance giving flushing diet with different fat sources. The fat of plant oils are sunflower and flaxseed and from animal oils are tallow and Lemuru fish.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty four of Etawah crossbred does (average body weight 33.83±3.70 kg) were used in this experiment by using completely randomized block design. There are four treatments with four animals of each treatment. The treatments were flushing diet containing 5% sunflower oil (R1), 5.2% flaxseed oil (R2), 5.3% tallow (R3) and 5% Lemuru fish oil (R4). Treatment was given three weeks before and two weeks after matting, following 2 weeks before partus. During pregnant, the does were given basal diet (ratio concentrate:napier grass was 70:30). Body condition score, nutrient status, blood metabolite and hormone and also performance reproduction were evaluated.

RESULTS
The nutrient consumption was same in all treatment. Blood glucose were same in all treatments but the highest blood cholesterol was in R3 during estrus and in R4 during mid gestation. The highest plasma estradiol was in R1 during early gestation, while the highest plasma progesterone was in R2 during late gestation. Litter size and birth weight were same in all treatment, while the highest total embryo was in R2 treatment.

CONCLUSION
It is concluded that flaxseed oil for flushing diet was significantly increased number of total embryo.


To solve the security issue of Mobile Ad Hoc networks,this paper presents a multi-path mutual anonymous source routing M2ASR which originates from the protocol DSR and provides validity and anonymity by modifying the work flow of routing discovery of protocol DSR and adopting label switches like what used in MPLS,and further more interacting asymmetry encryption with hash algorithm,session key and random initialization and it is showed by theoretical analysis.


........................................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... v Table of contents .......................................................................................................................... vi List of figures ................................................................................................................................ ix List of tables.................................................................................................................................. xi List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................... xii Chapter


Discusses the operation and maintenance management platform in the design of business development for the constant demands on the system function into the workflow engine.To achieve the creation of documents easy process,without writing any code;easy to build business processes,and can seamlessly integrate into the current some IT service processes;to facilitate the process of configuration,management,through the graphical tool to determine the definition of functional processes to facilitate the process changes.


My argument is that the assimilationist approach will become increasingly problematic as new types of neighborhoods such as "ethnoburbs" and multiracial neighborhoods emerge in major U.S. cities like Los Angeles and the personal and political experiences of Asian Americans become increasingly diverse within these shifting contexts. Although it is beyond the scope of this study to identify the eventual fate of Asians in the U.S., the article aims to explicate some of the processes through which these groups may create and maintain political ties to the ethnic community. With specific focus on the Korean American community in Los Angeles, the purpose of the study is to understand why some 1.5 and second generations return to the political institutions of the ethnic community despite residential and socioeconomic mobility into middle-class, suburban neighborhoods outside the ethnic enclave of Koreatown. In other words, what are the psychological, political, and structural advantages of maintaining ethnic tie...


With enhancing of environmental awareness, shipping market is suffering a downturn that makes shipping companies reduce the fuel consumption for controlling ocean pollution and operating costs when transportation tasks can be completed. Fuel consumption is relation to the speed which is influenced by climate such as wave, wind and so on. To deal with speed optimization problem, the mix integer non-linear mathematical model is proposed based on the influence of wave and wind that is climate factor. Due to the complex of mix integer non-linear problem, it is difficult to be solved. Considering the actual situation of ships, the sailing speed is dispersed. At the same time, we transform the MINP model into MILP. The CPLEX is used to solve MILP model efficiently. By the algorithm of dispersing speed, the optimal speed and the number of ships that is in different voyages with various wave and wind conditions can be obtained. Experiments indicate that the method can apply reasonable ship schedules for shipping companies.


With the increase of span length of steel box truss arch bridge,the problem of nonlinear effect becomes even more promient.The ultimate bearing capacity is an important means of evaluate the performance of bridge safety.So it is significant important in the practical engineering to study the ultimate bearing capacity of long-span half-through steel box truss arch bridge.A Yangtze River Highway Brige is a long-span half-through steel box truss arch bridge with a main span 519 m.The ultimate bearing capacity of the structure are analyzed using the spatial finite element model.The results show that the influence of nonlinearities must be considered in the analysis of ultimate bearing capacity. Keywords—steel box truss arch;ultimate bearing capacity;finite element method;plastic hinge. With the increase of steel production,steel arch bridge has been developed rapidly.The bridge span reach new peak frequently.Nowadays it has been a common bridge structure form which was widely applied to highway bridge.Steel box truss arch bridge,with its light weight,large span capacity,high bearing capacity and high degree of assembly,has been applied more and more widely to practical engineering. Arch rib is a planar curved rod system mainly bearing axial pressure,the structure reaches ultimate bearing capacity and damage mainly due to the following two conditions:1. Under load,the bridge lost its stability because of its own deficiency of stiffness,that is linear or nonlinear elastic buckling question;2. Under load,the stiffness degradation caused by strength problem rusults in instability,that is elastic-plastic stability or ultimate bearing capacity question. Nowadays,the study mostly focus on the first situation in the practical engineering.In general,the analysis is made based on elastic theory.It's needed to adopt greater load safety coefficient stability checking in design.As for long-span bridges,the material may be in elastic-plastic phase when the bridge damage due to instability.Now the load safety coefficient calculated according to elastic theory exceed real value.So it's essential to analyze ultimate bearing capacity. For a long time, a series of studies on the ultimate bearing capacity problem of steel arch bridge have been carried out by many scholars.But compared with steel box arch bridge,studies on ultimate bearing capacity problem of steel box truss arch bridge are less. The arch rib of steel box truss arch bridge mainly bear the axial pressure and has higher axial compression ration,so it's easier to come into yield phase than the steel box arch bridge.Therefore,it's very necessary to study the ultimate bearing capacity of steel box truss arch bridge. Based on the point,Further analysis on the ultimate bearing capacity of long-span half-through steel box truss arch bridge are conducted in this paper.Combining the structure and stress characteristics of the bridge,the saptial finite element model of the Yangtze River Highway Brige was created firstly.Subsequently,the analysis on the ultimate bearing capacity are analyzed in detail using the spatial finite element model.Through the analysis,both to provide technical guidance for the smooth implemention of the bridge,also for the futuer reference for the design of similar bridges. I. THE THEORY OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY It is the singular point which is also called the critical point on the equilibrium path that leads to the instability of the structure.The structural instability includes branch point instability and extreme point instability. It has been assumed that the structure stays in the range of small elastic deformation when it reaches the branch point instability or critical load.It's also the time that the internal force is proportional to the external load.Now the balance of the structure emerges branch.The balance equation of the current structure is:        0 0 K K     (1) The critical load is cr min 0 = P P   ,which can be obtained by solving the characteristic equations.The problem of branch point instability is simple and explicit which equals to solving eigenvalue in mathematics.It can be easily solved and improve the efficiency of stability analysis.The critical load can represent the upper limit of the second kind of stability approximately in the structure.In conclusion, The branch point instability occupies a very important position in the theory analysis. The branch point instability is only fits for ideal structure.The actual structure has some initial unavoidable defect because of manufacture and installation.The structure generates displacement along the instability direction when the external load takes effect.The displacement inevitably has some effects on the balance state of the structure.It is named the second kind linear elastic instability which has considered the influence of structure large displacement.The balance equation of the U.L method incremental of the structure can be expressed as:          0 K K F       (2) In the equations,   0 K represent elastic stiffness matrix,   K initial stress stiffness matrix,     displacement increment matrix,   F  load increment matrix,   0 K and   K are functions of the displacements    . From a mechanical perspective,the above only considers geometric nonlinearity and the initial defect.It assumes that the material is infinite flexibility.The critical load of the International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163, www.ijtra.com Volume 3, Issue 3 (May-June 2015), PP. 173-176 174 | P a g e second kind linear elastic instability approaches to the critical load of the branch point instability.Some members have reached its ultimate strength before the load.The essence of analysis of the second kind instability is the progress which considers the influence which the geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity cause,solves the balance equation and finds its ultimate load.Curve of total process load-displacement can be obtained when the structure is loaded.Load increment method usually be used to solve the problems of critical point instability.The balance equation of the U.L method incremental of the whole structure is:            0 L K K K F        (3) In the equations,   0 K ,   K ,   L K represent elastic stiffness matrix,initial stress stiffness matrix and initial displacement stiffness matrix respectively when the time t is 0. II. ANALYSIS OF ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY FOR THE BRIDGE A. General engineering situation The design scheme of the Yangtze River Highway Brige proposed to be built is half-through steel box truss non-hinge arch bridge wih a mian span of 519m.The arch rib is a spatial structure with variable cross-section truss.The radial height of cross-section on the top of arch is 12m, and the radial height of it on the foot of arch is 14m. The two main trusses are arranged parallelly with a center-to-center distance between them of 25.3m.They are composed of steel box girders of equal section and steel I-shaped beams with vertical stiffeners.The combined welding and integral joint are applied to joint connection.The distance between the bottom chord of the truss and the upper chord of it is 508m.The arch rise of the bridge is 12.7m ,and the rise-span ratio is 1/4. Above the bridge deck,the diamond-longitudinal bracings are arranged among the upper plane of the main arch ring.There are no longitudinal bracings arranged among the lower plane of the main arch ring.Besides,the K-shaped longitudinal bracings are arranged on the upper and lower plane of the main arch ring below the bridge deck arranged.Enhanced crossbeams are set on the juncture of the arch rib and bridge deck.The arch bridge axis utilize catenary,and the arch-axis coefficient value of catenary arch is 2.0. The steel bent structure is utilized to form spandrel structure.The bridge deck with a full width of 27.3m are composed of precast bridge decks and wet-joints.The bridge is a part of bi directional and four lane highway.There are 27 pair of suspenders arranged parallelly between the arch rib and bridge deck.The longitudinal distance of every two suspenders is 12m. The following figure.2 is the general arrangement drawing of the Yangtze River Highway Brige .It will be a non-hinge arch bridge with the largest span in the world after completion. (a)elevation (b)profile Fig. 1 Figure of the general arrangement drawing of theYangtze River Highway Brige (cm) B. The spatial finite element model According to the design drawings,the spatial finite element model of the Yangtze River Highway Bridge was built by large software Midas/Civil especially suitable for bridge engineering. The analysis on the linear elastic stability and fluencing factors of stability are analyzed in detail using the spatial finite element model. In the model,the main arch ring,longitudinal bracings,enhanced crossbeams,spandrel structure and vertical and horizontal beams are simulated by spatial finite beam elements.The impact of stiffening ribs has been taked fully into account when the Cross section properties are defined. The suspenders are simulated by spatial finite truss elements and the bridge decks are simulated by spatial finite plate elements.The secondary dead load from bridge deck pavement,sidewalk and crash barrier are replaced by equivalent load. The boundary conditions of model are arranged according to specific location of bearing and actual constraint conditions. The connection between bridge deck and spandrel structure are simulated by node coupling The arch springings of both sides have fixed constraints.Shared nodes are used to connect the precast bridge decks with the vertical and horizontal beams.When the actual bridge structure is dispersed into spatial finite element model,there are 3585 beam element,54 truss element,1440 plate element and 2725 nodes. The spatial finite element model of the Ya


We use the QCD sum rule approach to calculate the masses of the Lambda_Q and Sigma_Q baryons to the Lambda_{QCD}/m_Q order within the framework of heavy quark effective theory. We compare the direct approach and the covariant approach to this problem. Two forms of currents have been adopted in our calculation and their effects on the results are discussed. Numerical results obtained in both direct and covariant approaches are presented. The splitting between spin 1/2 and 3/2 doublets derived from our calculation is {\Sigma_Q^*}^2-\Sigma_Q^2\simeq 0.35\pm 0.03 GeV^2 which is in good agreement with the experiment.


The flow of fluids in complex geometries like porous media [1] plays an important role in a wide variety of technological and environmental processes including chromotography, oil recovery, the degradation of building materials and the spread of hazardous wastes in soils. The complexity of such flow processes makes their theoretical and experimental study a great challenge. Recent developments in cellular automata methods such as lattice gas and lattice Boltzmann allow for the accurate solution of the Navier-Stokes equation for multi-phase and multi-component fluid flow [2], [3], [4]. The advantage of these methods over traditional approaches, such as finite difference and finite element methods, is that they naturally accomodate complex [J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 101, 705 (1996)]


Parasitic two-level systems are generally present in superconducting circuits as a result of conventional fabrication and processing, and these lead to noise and loss of coherence in quantum systems. We examine the use of a Ne focused ion beam for producing nanowires integrated into superconducting circuits with a minimized density of parasitic two-level systems. We report measurements of nanowires produced by Ne focused-ion-beam milling in NbN resonators. The resonator losses increase after the nanowire is fabricated, with the Q factor decreasing by ~30% to ~10 5, which is a factor 10-100 higher than in the most closely comparable circuits previously measured. This indicates that the Ne focused ion beam is a promising route for creating superconducting-nanowire-based devices with low levels of decoherence.