Each year in the US approximately 1.4 million individuals sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) [http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/default.htm]. Worldwide, brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability [http://www.internationalbrain.org]. For many, the return to their home, community, or job involves going back to school. For children this means returning to primary or secondary education settings, whereas for young and older adults, this means continuing the college education that was interrupted or returning to college to learn new skills because of disability. The contributors of this special issue of NeuroRehabilitation present evidence of ecologically valid assessment and intervention with direct implications for students with TBI, and they identify service-related issues when students with TBI go to school. Standardized, impairment-based assessment provides information about decontextualized deficits after TBI, yet ecologically valid assessment is critical for professionals to create functional treatment goals. More and more clinical researchers are developing systematic ways to evaluate functional tasks and activities within useful contexts. Turkstra, Williams, Tonks and Frampton describe the social cognition, emotion recognition, and theory of mind deficits of adolescents with TBI and the challenges of assessing these highlevel pragmatic communication abilities. They provide data from three assessment tasks and identify which one best differentiates adolescents with TBI from their uninjured peers. Cook, Chapman and Levin describe a naturalistic assessment task for children ages 8 to 16 with preliminary data to support it usefulness in identifying self-regulatory deficits in complex tasks. These findings suggest that children with TBI may use a "bottom-up" approach that could be context and task dependent. In the third article in this issue, MacLennan and MacLennan describe a unique solution to assessing college readiness in post-deployed veterans using a college simulation. These authors present three individuals who participated in the college simulation and describe their long-term decisions about college and career paths. In the final article about assessment, Proctor and Zhang remind us of the importance of considering students' racial/ethnic makeup when assessing cognition. These authors tested three groups of university students, African Americans, European Americans and Latino/a Americans, using two well-known standardized tests of executive functions. While some differences emerged, the authors help us interpret these findings and warn us about applying "normative" cutoffs and profile language to individuals who represent groups that were not included in the normative sampling. The second set of articles in this issue focus on intervention and services for students with TBI. DePompei, Gillette, Goetz, Xenopoulos-Oddsson, Bryen and Dowds describe the results from in vivo clinical trials using personal data assistants (PDAs) and in depth follow-up studies of PDAs and Smartphones for children and young adults with TBI and developmental disabilities. Based on their findings, these authors provide an intervention plan for training the use of PDAs. Unfortunately, not all individuals with TBI receive school-based services once discharged from hospital rehabilitation programs. Glang, Todis, Thomas, Hood, Bedell, and Cockrell describe a study that employed quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the factors that influence those identified and receiving school services. Injury severity and transition communication between the hospital and school play critical roles in who gets school-based services. Transition services are part of the holistic cognitive rehabilitation


alpacas). Bonavia identifies a critical sampling bias hampering the development of a zooarchaeological record for the Late Horizon. Likewise, a recovery bias has removed some early sites from consideration. The methods used to study camelid remains, unsatisfying at the time that this book was first put together, have, in fact, developed to meet some of Bonavia's challenges to the field. The work of Miller and Gill at Pirincay on camelids in Ecuador has been followed by regionally specific studies such as those by Mengoni and Yacobaccio on sites in Argentina. This recent research on camelid body size variation coincides with Bonavia's impression that camelids adapted to a wide variety of conditions.


English abstract There are some tensions between high-level policy definitions of "digital literacy" and actual teaching practice. We need to find workable definitions of digital literacy; obtain a better understanding of what digital literacy might look like in practice; and identify pedagogical approaches, which support teachers in designing digital literacy learning. We suggest that frameworks such as Problem Based Learning (PBL) are approaches that enable digital literacy learning because they provide good settings for engaging with digital literacy. We illustrate this through analysis of a case. Furthermore, these operate on a meso-level mediating between high-level concepts of digital literacy and classroom practice.


Summary:  Purpose: We investigated whether intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was able to assess immediately the extent of a tailored temporal lobe resection for epilepsy in comparison to delayed postoperative MRI. The recently proposed concept of an individually tailored procedure, preserving tissue not involved in seizures, leads to a variety of differently shaped resections.


Objective: Stroke incidence is significantly higher in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive subjects. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with a more favorable cardiovascular health. The CRF-stroke incidence association in hypertensive patients has not been fully explored. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between CRF assessed objectively by a standardized exercise test, and stroke incidence in hypertensive patients. Design and method: From 1999 to 2020, we identified 460,172 hypertensive patients (mean age: 63.1 ± 8.7 years) with a normal response to an exercise treadmill test (ETT) and no prior history of stroke. We established five CRF categories based on age-stratified quintiles of peak metabolic equivalents (MET) achieved: Least-Fit (4.5 ± 1.2 METs; n = 106,620); Low-Fit (6.9 ± 1.1; n = 120,327); Moderate-Fit (8.3 ± 1.2 METs; n = 89,748); Fit (10.3 ± 0.9 METs; n = 107,323); and High-Fit (13.1 ± 1.6 METs; n = 36,154). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] for incidence of stroke across CRF categories. The model was adjusted for age, resting blood pressure, gender, race, coronary artery disease, smoking status, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, other cardiac risk factors, and medications. The Least-fit category was used as the reference group. Results: During follow-up (median = 10.6 years; 4,955,021 person-years), 11,868 individuals had a stroke (2.4 events per 1,000 person-years). The risk for stroke was 8% lower for each 1-MET increase in exercise capacity (HR = 0.92, CI: 0.91 - 0.93; p < 0.001). The risk across fitness categories, declined progressively with increased CRF and was by 15% for the Least-Fit individuals (HR = 0.85; CI: 0.81 - 0.89), approximately 30% to 40% for Moderate-fit and Fit individuals, and 45% lower (HR = 0.55; CI: 0.50 - 0.60; p < 0.001) for High-Fit individuals. Conclusions: Increased CRF was inversely related to stroke incidence in hypertensive patients. The association was independent and graded. These finding support the concept that health care professional should encourage patients to engage in habitual physical activity of moderate intensity and progressively aim to meet the physical activity guidelines proposed by authorities.


The paper presents an approach for the on-line monitoring and diagnosis of multi-robot systems where services are provided by a team of robots and the environment is only partially observable via a...


Background: In Tamil Nadu, the dengue outbreak is often associated with monsoon periods clubbed with draught. Basic population statistics such as incident rate was needed very much. Hence this study was planned a) to know the incidence rate of dengue fever in Kattampoondi primary health centre area in Thiruvannamalai district and b) to find out age-sex pattern of the cases.Methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted among the residents of villages served by Kattampoondi primary health center during July to December, 2017. Four villages were selected by random sampling technique. The population came about 9385. Only confirmed dengue cases as per WHO case definition, during July to December 2017 were found and confirmed cases included thereafter.Results: The total dengue cases in the study area with a population of 9385 were found to be 75. Among 75 cases of dengue, 43 (57%) were males and 32 (43%) were females. Out of 75 cases, 36 (48%) cases occurred in the age group of 15 and above, 34 (45%) cases occurred between 5 to 15 years of age and 5 (7%) cases occurred among under five.Conclusions: When compared to state incidence rate, the incidence rate of this PHC area was significantly high. This might be due to good surveillance work. Though all age groups and both sexes are susceptible to dengue fever, personal protection might be the reason for low incidence rate among children with below 5 year of age.


Vegetation is present in nearly all aquatic environments, ranging from meandering streams to constructed channels and rivers, as well as in lakes and coastal zones. This vegetation grows in a wide range of flow environments as well, from stagnant water to highly turbulent flows dominated by waves and currents. Feedbacks between the dominant currents and the vegetation not only significantly alter the velocity structure of the flow, but play a large role in determining the spatial structure of the vegetation as well. This thesis examines these interactions through field experiments, review of existing literature and theoretical and analytical models. The first study describes a set of experiments in which vegetation was added to the point bar of a stream meander during base flow. During the next flood event, this vegetation proved to be destabilizing as a portion of the vegetation scoured away and the cross section of the open channel showed clear patterns of erosion. The secondary circulation present in the meander was significantly altered as well. In the second study, the relationship between tidal currents and the spatial distribution of seagrass meadows is examined. Seagrass beds range in their coverage from continuous meadows, to spotty swaths dominated by discrete patches. The relationship between this area coverage and tidal currents, explained by the principles of percolation theory, helps describe why certain distributions of seagrass within a meadow are more stable than others. Drawing on the principles and examples established in the first two sections, the final section describes an analytical model for predicting vegetation coverage in a rectangular open channel. The model can allow for fixed banks, such as those in a concrete-lined channel, or can allow erosion of the boundaries, as is possible in natural streams. These two versions of the model show notably different results. Ultimately, this thesis presents multiple cases of the interactions between currents and aquatic vegetation and showcases an important example of a multi-disciplinary research approach in fluid mechanics. Thesis Supervisor: Heidi M. Nepf Title: Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Heidi Nepf, for her creativity, advice, expertise and patience over the past two years. I have learned and grown so much, and it would not have been possible without her work as my advisor. I would also like to thank her for acceptance of my diverse interests and her encouragement in pursuing those interests as they relate to fluid mechanics and as they apply to my future professional life. Several students, former students and professors were very generous with their advice and assistance over the past two years. I would like to thank Anne Lightbody, Yukie Tanino, Mitul Luhar, Kevin Zhang, Mack Durham, David Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Marcos, Roman Stocker, Eric Adams, Ole Madsen and Chiang Mei for their instruction, time and thought. I would like to thank my family and all of my friends who gave me support and enriched my personal (and academic) life over the past two years as well. This work is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAR 0738352. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Research assistance for the material presented in Chapter 2 was provided by Katie Kramarczuk, June Sayers, Alex Nereson, Johnathan Wacloff, Eric Johnson, and Mary Presnail. This work was also supported by the STC program of the National Science Foundation via the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics under the agreement Number EAR0120914.


One major global challenge is the existing disparity in water distribution resulting to millions of people lacking access to safe clean water. This will certainly be exacerbated by the impending climate change and increased pollution threats posed by industrialization and population growth. Therefore pursuing sustainable materials and technologies for water remediation is crucial. Adsorbents use for water treatment is preferable owing to its simplicity and cheap materials involved. Aluminophosphates molecular sieves have open-framework structures that possess a wide range of pore openings and large surface area for use as adsorbents that can be synthesized hydrothermally using alumina and phosphates. Literature reports indicate that accumulation of aluminum in tea leaves correlates positively with leaf age. The EDXRF analysis showed that tea leaves ash used contained 30.09% of Al2O3. Similarly, literature findings indicate that pumpkin seeds contain relatively large amounts of phosphorous with the pumpkin seed ash used containing 37.01% of P2O5. Consequently, aluminophosphate APA and APB were synthesized using tea leaves to pumpkin seeds ash ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 respectively. XRD characterization and lead ions batch sorption experiments were done. Turbidity column experiment was done. Data for adsorption of Pb (II) ions data on the adsorbents best fitted into the Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption capacities obtained from the linearized graphs were 90.91 and 50.0 mg/g for APA and APB respectively. This shows that tea leaves and pumpkin waste can synthesize aluminophosphate adsorbents. Aluminophosphates have shown good potential of removing Pb (II) ions from wastewaters.


Analytical methods based on linear theory are presented for predicting the thermal stresses in and the buckling of heated structures with arbitrary uniform cross section. The structure is idealized as an assemblage of laminated plate-strip elements, curved and planar, and beam elements. Uniaxially stiffened plates and shells of arbitrary cross section are typical examples. For the buckling analysis the structure or selected elements may be subjected to mechanical loads, in additional to thermal loads, in any desired combination of inplane transverse load and axial compression load. The analysis is also applicable to stiffened structures under inplane loads varying through the cross section, as in stiffened shells under bending. The buckling analysis is general and covers all modes of instability. The analysis has been applied to a limited number of problems and the results are presented. These while showing the validity and the applicability of the method do not reflect its full capability.


Architecture is a carrier of historical material,moral and culture.The Great Mosque in Xi′an can be an important evidence of the fusion of Islamic culture and Chinese traditional culture;To study Islamic culture with Chinese characteristics,this paper analyzed the architectural structure and decoration of the Great Mosque in Xi′an and the golden roof monastery in Jerusalem and found a fact that the decoration of the Great Mosque in Xi′an has mixed Chinese traditional culture and Islamic culture.From the view of beasts,clouds,couplets,plum and bamboo and other architectural decoration,we can see the aesthetics idea of Muslim has been affected by Chinese confucian etiquette and buddhist culture under the circumstance of living with Han in a long time.


Various macrofungi, commonly referred to as mushrooms, have been used since ancient times as food, as a source of natural dyes for clothing, for treating wounds, and for providing substances used as remedies to fight off infections. In nature, mushrooms are ecologically important because they have saprobic, parasitic and mycorrhizal relationships with plants. Native Americans have valued mushrooms for food as well as for their medicinal and hallucinogenic properties, but little information is available on either the occurrence or the use of mushrooms by the tribes of the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. Prior to the present study, it was hypothesized that the four major types of habitats (upland forest, riverine forest, floodplain and grassland habitats) on the reservation would be characterized by significant differences in mushroom species richness (number of species) and diversity. To assess these patterns, transect lines 10 m wide by 100 m long were established in examples of the four different habitats, and mushrooms were surveyed in July and August of 2017. At least 22 species were recorded, and differences in their distribution among the four habitats were apparent.


The analysis in this paper provides estimates of family welfare losses generated by wage and nonlabor income declines experienced across the Great Recession and by labor market constraints existing postrecession. Welfare losses are greater as families (both married and single) move up the income distribution. Total static welfare losses are estimated to amount to roughly $190 billion, comparing family welfare between 2007 and 2011.


Rotating machine is one of the critical elements of the power systems whose reliability is improved with proper condition assessment and fault detection techniques. Partial discharge (PD) identification is essential for the assessment of insulations particularly for medium and high power units operating at higher voltage levels. This paper proposes a finite element based model that illustrates the PD behavior in the electric machine stator winding. It also computes the PD features from the defects similar to the characteristics obtained by commercial detection systems. The proposed finite element analysis based computational model utilizes multiphysics which includes electrodynamics and thermal boundary conditions. This model describes complete variation in properties of defects and insulation of the stator winding under various operating stresses. The simulated PD features that include charge magnitude and PD occurrence are comparable with commercially available solutions. This model illustrates the level of deterioration in the winding insulation, whose characterization is used for defects classification.


Introduction: The high risk of lymphoma among individuals affected by hereditary syndromes associated with aberrant repair of DNA double-strand breaks points towards an important role of this pathway in lymphomagenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect DNA repair mechanisms can increase[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]


Survivance (www.survivance.org) is an indigenous social impact game that honours storytelling and art as self-determined pathways to healing from historical trauma caused by colonization in Turtle Island (North America). Survivance is adapted from the multimedia health and wellness project Discovering Our Story, which was developed by the non-profit organization Wisdom of the Elders alongside indigenous storytellers. A playtesting study of the prototype was conducted with urban indigenous players living in Portland, Oregon, to determine the impact of Survivance. This paper describes the development process, design, playtesting, and outcomes of playtesting the game in the context of biskaabiiyang methodology, an Anishinaabe approach of "returning to ourselves". Playtesting shows that intergenerational exchanges of traditions, stories, and art practices are pathways to wellbeing that influence the player's self, various forms of community, and the greater world, while also fostering a reciprocal relationship with spirit.


This article intends to study and analyze anti-radicalization methods and strategies at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) and study and explore appropriate policy programs to close the gap for radical understanding to enter UNNES. UNNES, as an educational institution, also cannot escape the potential of radicalism's target in spreading its ideology. To anticipate the entry of a radicalism doctrine both radical right and left radical UNNES has issued several policies. Specifically related to ethics and rules on campus, the Chancellor's Regulation was explained, namely Rector's Regulation No. 44 of 2018 concerning UNNES Student Ethics and Rules (is a substitute for Rector's Regulation No. 19 of 2016 regarding UNNES Student Ethics and Rules). Regarding student communication on social media, UNNES issued Chancellor Regulation No. 11 of 2019 concerning Management of Digital Reputation Synergy of UNNES. To support the Student Ethics and Code of Conduct, a Student Ethics Board was formed, consisting of legal experts and Vice Deans for Student Affairs at UNNES. The UNNES Digital Reputation Synergy Team (SINERGIS) was formed to enforce the rules on Digital Reputation Synergy Management. Specifically, in anticipating radicalism, in 2018, the UNNES Anti-Radical Task Force was formed. Also, UNNES has a Center for Anti-Radicalism and Terrorism Studies at the Faculty of Law, UNNES.


COREL is an experimental retrieval system that employs techniques of artificial intelligence. Articles of the Civil Code of Louisiana have been conceptually indexed using frame-based knowledge structures in hope of improving accessibility over traditional key-word retrieval systems. A set of macro packages has been developed to allow a domain expert to implement a retrieval system based on this methodology.


The present invention as implemented in a single chip (single chip) without requiring the peripheral device to ever perform the image processing of the pixel level on the eye position tracking sensor and a sensing method using a CMOS image sensor to ensure fast operating speed, the black area around the smart CMOS image sensor (CIS) pixel array is comprised of CMOS image sensor (CIS) "shrinkage (shrink)" using the function via the interaction (interaction) of the pixel levels of eyebrows or eye used in this invention find out exactly the center of the pupil while eliminating the influence of the region thus can see exactly where you are staring. And including the ability to use "extensions (expand)" function to remove the reflected light (glint) generated in the cavity by a further, external light, and constitutes an improvement in system performance. Pupil, position tracking, eye tracker, eyeball sensor, CMOS sensor


MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. Elementary Secondary Education; Guidelines; National Surveys; *Program Effectiveness; School Districts; Success; *Teacher Evaluation School districts with successful teacher evaluation programs all treat evaluation as a major district responsibility, allocate considerable resources to evaluation, carry out the programs as planned, keep administrators and teachers well informed about the plan, develop methods for ensuring the competence of evaluators, and use the evaluation results. These conclusions were drawn following a survey of 32 school districts across the nation with highly developed teacher evaluation programs, and after further, intensive study of four of the most advanced districts: Salt Lake City, Utah; Lake Washington, Washington; Greenwich, Connecticut; and Toledo, Ohio. The four systems differed, but were similar in sharing the traits found to be common in successful programs. It was concluded that five factors were critical to the development of an effective program: (1) the teacher evaluation system must suit the educational goals, management style, and community values of the school district; (2) the district must be willing to commit time and money to evaluation; (3) the district must establish the goals for its program and design the program accordingly; (4) the program must be useful to the district, to the school community, and to the community at large; and (5) teachers must be involved and given responsibility. (PGD) **********************************************************************, * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********************************************************************1 ' 1_ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION . Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) . This docinnent has been reproduced as 1Iic , received from the peraon Or organization Originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinionsstatedinthisdocument do not necessarily represent official . OE RI position or policy ' Manuel J. Justiz, Director T.H. Bell, Secretary Designing Effective Teacher Evaluation Plans Most school districts, despite good intentions, don't spend enough time sufficiently developing effective teacher evaluation systems. That is one of the conclusions of a research project, conducted by the Rand Corporation and funded by the National Institute of Education (N 1E), which examined teacher evaluation plans across the country. This study is especially timely because teacher evaluation has been thrown into the limelight as school districts across the nation consider merit pay and master teacher pregrams. In this Rand/ME project, researchers surveyed 32 school districts with highly developed teacher evaluation plans and then intensively studied four of the most advanced: Salt Lake City, Utah; Lake Washington, Wash.; Greenwich, Conn.; and Toledo, Ohio. Although all four evaluation systems differ, they are alike in that all the school districts treat teacher evaluation as an important issue and a major district responsibility. This contrasts sharply with many school districts which evaluate teachers simply to comply with state laws or to respond to commun.: ity sentiment. Few of these latter evaluation programs are effective. The four districts studied intensively in this project share other successful traits: the school districts allocate considerable resources to evaluation and actually carry out thek teacher evaluation programs as planned; everyone (teachers, principals and administrators) understands the plan; and, the districts actually use the re-


The investigation was implemented in 60 randomly selected universities,which covered the following aspects: the number and structure of the foreign language experiment technical team,team management,work,income,further study and research. This investigation also involved the status quo of the experimental equipment,and problems in laboratory routine work. The survey data indicates some prominent problems currently exist in foreign language experiment technical team.


MTB12 protein, also called CFP‐2, is a major and early secreted component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, its role during mycobacterial infection has been poorly characterized. In this study, we purified the native MTB12 protein and investigated the profile of MTB12‐induced cytokines [interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6], in early tuberculosis (TB) patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 35). The cytokine profiles were compared with those induced by the 30‐kDa antigen (Ag). In healthy controls, MTB12‐induced IFN‐γ production was markedly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with 30‐kDa Ag‐induced IFN‐γ. In TB patients, the mean IFN‐γ level induced by MTB12 was lower than that induced by the 30‐kDa Ag, albeit the difference was not significant. After 2 months of anti‐TB therapy, both the MTB12‐ and 30‐kDa‐induced IFN‐γ levels were significantly increased in TB patients. MTB12‐induced TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels were prominently upregulated in monocyte‐derived macrophages from TB patients, but they were not significantly different from those induced by the 30‐kDa Ag. Further, the activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase was required for the induction of TNF‐α and IL‐6 by MTB12, as well as by the 30‐kDa Ag. Collectively, these data suggest that the MTB12 protein plays an essential role for proinflammatory responses through the MAPK pathway during the early stages of human TB, even though its T‐cell immunoreactivity is weaker than that of the 30‐kDa Ag.


Reductions in the size and cost of ultrasound equipment have transformed sonography from a referral procedure into an examination that can be performed by clinicians and it has been argued that ultrasound should become the fifth pillar of the physical examination ([1][1]). Many specialties have


Phase measurement profilometry is one of the important 3 D surface shape measuring methods.The applied discrete phase shift technique needs the precison phase shift.Phase shift error is inevitable existed in a practical measuring system and it must lead to the errors in phase calculating and reconstructing of surface shape.The sizes of the phase error and surface shape error caused by the different linear phase shift errors are quantitatively investigated by means of the constructed 3 D surface shape simulation system in the paper.The paper also discusses how to select the optimal phase shift frequency.The work described in the paper can provide theoretical data for the calibration of the practical measuring system and it has some guidance significance for the practical measurement.


A genetic algorithm for the MCM (multichip module) layer assignment problem is presented. A problem-specific genetic encoding scheme is used. Experimental results show that the proposed genetic algorithm consistently produced the same or better results than the simulated anneallng algorithm and the best deterministic layer assignment algorithm known.


645e Reply: Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair Using the Anatomical Subunit Approximation: Modifications and Analysis of Early Results in 100 Consecutive Cases Sir: Although approximation of the line of closure along the anticipated philtral configuration is one merit of the Fisher technique, the system of landmarks that helps to produce balanced three-dimensional nasolabial form is probably a more important trait. We have found that when the lip and nose are well balanced and aligned, the scar becomes less obvious, even when the scar is unfavorable. This phenomenon of a correctly point out, the cardinal goal of the anatomical subunit approximation technique is to produce nasolabial balance at the completion of a cleft lip repair. This includes and emphasizes nostril shape symmetry and an ideal repair line to mirror the philtral ridge on the noncleft side. Recently, Hakim et al.2 described an equal bows/ straight line advancement technique in 18 children with parallel-shaped philtral ridge. The lip repair technique was developed after a comprehensive evaluation of cleft lip anatomy in these patients, which revealed a substantial difference compared with the white population. Following several charity cleft missions in Southeast Asian and African patients, they also observed that established anthropometric values may lead to changes in the technique chosen and to some modifications to fit specific populations.2 Mori et al.3 classified the morphology of the philtral ridges into four types for Japanese children: (1) triangular, (2) parallel, (3) concave, and (4) flat. The parallel shape philtral ridge was the commonest. In our study of Nigerian children, the triangular type was the most common, and the parallel type was the second most common.4 Regarding the evaluation of nostril shapes in Nigerian children, we used four main nostril forms: (1) round type, (2) rectangular type, (3) teardrop type, and (4) triangular type. A considerable number of children following cleft lip repair in our institution had triangular nostrils, whereas others had heart-shaped nostrils on the cleft side. Heart-shaped nostrils are conventionally considered to be a typical nostril shape following cleft lip operations. We also observed that the reconstruction of the cleft lip deformity resulted in a conspicuous transverse scar below the columella base and to an unnatural appearance of the reconstructed philtral ridge.3,4 The reconstructed philtrum and nostrils reflect the original cleft deformity more than any other facial feature. The correlation between symmetry of the upper lip–nose complex and highly pleasing, aesthetic faces justifies anthropometric evaluation of the philtral ridge and nostril shapes following cleft lip repair.5 Future prospective studies will have to recognize this rather elusive anatomical feature. It will serve as an objective criterion in the evaluation of symmetry during the course of comprehensive cleft care. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000480019.05079.63


The intrametropolitan relationship between municipality-level physical environment and crime changes appears to have been overlooked by crime and environment researchers. The current effort focuses on permeability; suggests dynamics whereby permeability affects changing municipality-level crime patterns across a metropolitan area; selects and operationalizes theoretically appropriate permeability indicators; and links permeability to unexpected crime changes. Data are from 355 municipalities in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, and property and violent crime unexpected changes over two change periods are assessed. Three municipality-level indices reflecting internal and boundary permeability are developed that are internally consistent and cross reference in sensible ways with large-scale physical environment features of municipalities. Permeability indicators link as predicted with unexpected violent and property crime changes. This research provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for linking permeability to changing municipality-level crime rates across a metropolitan area.


HVDC systems have been increasingly used in world wide. The protection which has been used in HVDC systems are traveling wave based one. Traditionally used protections are based on value of line signals and time derivatives. It has been deals with many disadvantages also. They are not enough sensitive in detecting ground faults. Sometimes fails in detecting external and internal faults. The difference in backward traveling waves in different conditions is analyzed. This difference in backward waves is employed to distinguish the faulty line from healthy line. And also employed in differentiating external and internal faults in the bipolar 500 kV high voltage DC system.


As the spacing between channels in dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) links decreases and their number increases, nonlinear coupling effects such as four wave mixing (FWM) and cross-phase modulation (CPM) become more important. These impairments, combined with chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise ultimately limit the maximum reach of the links. A receiver robust to these impairments would increase the maximum possible length of links without regeneration, reduce the number of required compensation elements such as dispersion compensation fibers (DCF) and optical amplifiers, and simplify link provisioning by making its fine tuning less critical and labor intensive. Maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receivers have been previously proposed to combat CD and PMD in the presence of ASE noise. In this paper we propose to extend the use of MLSE to DWDM links to combat the combined effect of nonlinear crosstalk, dispersion and noise. MLSE receivers can incorporate detailed knowledge of the statistical properties of noise and crosstalk into the decision process, therefore improving performance in the presence of these impairments. We derive a new analytical expression (necessary to implement the MLSE receiver) for the statistics of the received signal in the presence of FWM. Although in long haul DWDM links DCF cannot be avoided even when electronic dispersion compensation is used, dispersion compensation with DCF is not complete because even a compensated link exerts different dispersion effects on different wavelengths. Our results show that the performance of DWDM systems can be significantly improved by using an MLSE receiver, particularly in the presence of residual dispersion. For example, a 2000 km 20-channel link can operate within the correction capabilities of a forward error correction (FEC) code (G.975 RS) in the presence of 1700 ps/nm of residual dispersion even with an extremely high value of FWM crosstalk using the MLSE receiver proposed in this work. As a second important contribution of this paper, we present a theoretical performance analysis of MLSE in DWDM optical channels. This analysis is built upon the theory we developed previously. An excellent agreement is found between the prediction of the theory and simulation results.


The basic conception of minority culture right legal protection consists of persons belonging to minorities' right protection,cultural identity and cultural diversity,whose institutionalization and system construction affected by poor law and legislative deficiency. In Inner Mongolia minority culture right should be brought into Constitution and relative legal frameworks in legislation,system of public civil litigation concerning minority culture right be established in justice system,and the minorities' cultural- right mentality be strengthened and reconstructed.


Nanoscale optical thermometry is a promising non-contact route for measuring local temperature with both high sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this work, we present a deterministic optical thermometry technique based on quantum emitters in nanoscale hexagonal boron-nitride. We show that these nanothermometers exhibit better performance than that of homologous, all-optical nanothermometers both in sensitivity and range of working temperature. We demonstrate their effectiveness as nanothermometers by monitoring the local temperature at specific locations in a variety of custom-built micro-circuits. This work opens new avenues for nanoscale temperature measurements and heat flow studies in miniaturized, integrated devices.


The huge amount of metabolites in avocado mesocarp influences the commercial production of specific avocado fruits for consumption and for industrial applications. Additionally, the diversity in the metabolite content may be used as biomarker for differentiating among various avocado ecotypes. However, the differences in metabolites in avocado remain unclear among various avocado ecotypes. In this study, we first compared the lipid droplets, fatty acid compositions, and gene expression profiles of the mature avocado mesocarps of three ecotypes, and confirmed the differences in the mesocarp oil contents. Furthermore, the lipidomics and metabolomics based on the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple and time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q exactive-mass spectrometry were completed, respectively, which revealed considerable differences in the relative amounts of lipids from 10 classes and other metabolites from seven super-classes among the examined avocado ecotypes. The profiles of 65 lipids and 15 other metabolites could be potential candidate biomarkers useful for identifying diverse avocado ecotypes. This is the first comprehensive metabolomics-based comparative investigation of lipid and other metabolites among three avocado ecotypes.


Wheat landraces are often utilized in breeding programs for their potential to improve the grain quality of new varieties. Our goal is to evaluate thousand kernel weights (TKW), percentages of the yellowberry kernels (PYK), B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S and Zn contents of 25 landraces derived durum wheat pure lines collected from the fauna of Turkey to identify promising candidates. Field trials were conducted in Canakkale in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons and element contents of pure lines were determined by using ICP-OES. Differences between durum wheat landraces were found statistically significant by all traits (p<0.01). Correlation analysis demonstrated that Ca, Cu and Mg contents of pure lines were positively correlated to each other. Results suggested a valuable variability among durum wheat genotypes in terms of their element contents. Promising candidates were selected for future breeding programs.


The utility model discloses a novel color sorter integrated type nozzle device which comprises a nozzle body component which can be provided with snuffle valves and a sealing cover. A plurality of nozzles are arranged on the nozzle body component, a plurality of snuffle valves are installed on the nozzle body component, and a plurality of air guide channels are formed in the interior of the nozzle body component. An air storage cavity is formed in the interior of the nozzle body component, and an air inlet hole is arranged at the lower part of the nozzle body component. The nozzles are in a flat groove shape, and are arranged in a straight line. The snuffle valves can be arranged for multiple lines, and be arranged in a straight line. Each nozzle has an independent air guide channel, and the air guide channel is divided into two sections. The novel color sorter integrated type nozzle device has the advantages of compact structure and stable high efficiency, and can adapt to the requirements of a multi-channel color sorter.


The CaCO3 cycle is an important component of the oceanic carbon cycle. Modelling and model evaluation of this component, however, appear to be less well developed, compared to that of the so called organic tissue pump. The manuscript of Battaglia and co-authors applies a probabilistic approach using the Bern3D ocean model to assess export and dissolution of calcium carbonate on global and basin scales and in the modern ocean. It is one of the most detailed studies on this subject, that the reviewer has seen. I regard it an important contribution to our quantitative understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle, its modelling and hence forecast.


Objective: To observe the effect of herbal-cake-separated moxibustion on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in hyperlipemia (HLP) rabbits with concomitant aterosclerosis (AS) so as to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in improving HLP. Methods: Seventy-five New Zealand species rabbits were divided into control (n=13), model (n=14), direct-moxibustion (n=14), herbal-cake-separated moxibustion (n=14), and medication ("Xuezhikang", a herbal drug for lowering blood lipid, n=13) groups. HLP with AS model was established by using immunologic injury method and high-fat forage feeding. Moxibustion was applied to "Juque" (CV 14), "Tianshu" (ST 25), "Xinshu" (BL 15), "Ganshu"(BL 18), etc. 30 min every acupoint, once daily, continuously for 6 weeks. The expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in the aorta wall was assayed with reversed transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Results: Compared with control group, the expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in model group was up-regulated significantly(P0.01); while in comparison with model group, VCAM-1 mRNA expression in herbal-cake-separated moxibustion, direct-moxibustion and medication groups was down-regulated obviously(P0.01), suggesting a favorable regulation of the 3 methods on VCAM-1 mRNA expression. No significant difference was found among the 3 treatment groups (P0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion can down-regulate HLP-induced enhancement of VCAM-1 mRNA expression, which likely contributes to its effect in delaying the development of aortic endothelial AS in rabbits with HLP combined with AS.


Phonetic learning is the foundation of foreign language study and it is critical for the development of foreign language
proficiency. Many Chinese students have a poor command of English pronunciation, which often results in unintelligibility and
even misunderstanding in cross-cultural communication. This paper will explore Chinese students' pronunciation problems from
segmental perspective and suprasegmental perspective, and propose effective countermeasures to cope with the problems.


The causal order is central to many algorithms in both the message-passing and shared memory models. In the message-passing model, the causal order is clearly a strict, or irreflexive partial, order. However, some shared memory models are defined without reference to time. In those models, the causal order can fail to be a strict order. Existing works have either declared that all non-strict orders are not causal, or assumed that the causal order is strict without proof. We prove that, under a small number of reasonable assumptions about systems, the causal order is strict. In particular, we assume neither a global time model nor that processes issue a single shared memory operation at a time.


A 48-year-old Spanish male smoker with a performance status of 0 was referred to our department with 6 months of lethargy and weight loss. A chest radiograph demonstrated bilateral upper zone masses (Figure 1). At bronchoscopy a polypoid tumour was seen in the right upper lobe bronchus. No abnormality was detected on the left side. Bronchial brushings from both upper lobes demonstrated markedly atypical cells suggestive of malignancy. Similarities existed between the atypical cells from each side suggesting a common cell type. A staging CT scan confirmed bilateral upper lobe masses with small (less than 1 cm) paratracheal and mediastinal lymph nodes and no extrapulmonary metastases. A CT-guided biopsy revealed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the left upper lobe. Following a cycle of vinorelbine (Navelbine) and cisplatin chemotherapy another chest radiograph was taken (Figure 2). What changes have occurred? How should the patient now be managed?


Scientific data return with the help of laser communication is a promising way in deep-space exploration.The United States has begun to carry out research work about deep-space laser communication(DSLC).However,our country has not yet had any reports.In this situation,the article takes Mars to earth's DSLC as the research object.According to the analysis of external constraint conditions,design principles of two important systems,which consist of the communication and APT subsystems,is proposed and in-depth design of critical parameters has been carried out.Subsequently,accurate pointing and tracking concept based on celestial body imaging is ideated.Promising scheme of DSLC is put forward for the first time in our country.


Acetaminophen is commonly used for fever, joint pain, neuralgia, and migraine for its antipyretic and analgesic effects in clinical practice. While large dose of acetaminophen may result in toxic, which causes coma and respiratory failure, cardiac arrest and other organ damage. The paper discusses nursing methods of condition monitoring during continuous blood purification treatment, prevention of infection and nutritional support in patients with acetaminophen poisoning by case analysis.


This case study had as object a technical course offered in distance by IFTO / Rede e-Tec Brasil, in the distance education centers of Araguatins, Colinas do Tocantins, Palmas and Porto Nacional in the State of Tocantins. The objective was to know the profile of the graduating students and the factors that contributed to the permanency in the course. A questionnaire  was applied and sought identify characteristics of the researched population and it also factors that have contributed to the permanency in the course. The results showed that the studied group profile is mostly female and it is between twenty-six and forty years old, the most people characterized themselves as brown and with the family income of less than one to two minimum wages. The results also pointed the methodology of the classes and evaluations in distance education, as well as the education centers' action were statistically significant for the decision of permanency in the course.


Ambient noise arrays measurements were performed in the deep basin of Santiago de Chile (Chile) where site effects were clearly revealed by the 1985 Valparaiso earthquake. The significant seismic intensities reported for one-storey houses outlined the resonance of a shallow soft sedimentary layer during the Valparaiso earthquake. We look for testing the Horizontal-to-Vertical spectral ratio (H/V) and the more complex array techniques HRFK (High Resolution Frequency-wavenumber method) as a tool to provide qualitative and quantitative information of site effects for the top most soil layers. Although we show the robustness of the H/V method to map the fundamental resonance frequency of the deep basin, we outline its limitation to identify the resonance frequency at shallow depths. We conclude by emphasizing that the H/V method alone may not be enough to assess the seismic hazard in urban area especially when there is a large variety of building type: from small-size residential houses to high rise business buildings. We also show that small-size arrays measurement are a powerful tool to provide the site effect estimates (resonance frequency and amplification factor) for the shallow sedimentary layers.


Objective To explore the value of color doppler ultrasound in the design of posterior tibial arterial skin flaps.Methods Fifteen patients were included in this study.Before operation,color doppler ultrasound was used to determine the radius and the number of the posterior tibial artery and its branches in order to design the skin flaps.Results Thirty-nine posterior tibial arterial branches were examined by color doppler ultrasound successfully and all the results were confirmed by operation,14 skin flaps survived while 1 was given up because of lack of branches of posterior tibial artery.Conclusion Color doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive,accurate technic in designing posterior tibial arterial skin flaps.


Fungicide use is a requirement for the economic survival of United States (US) grape growers. It has been estimated that approximately 95% of grape yield can be attributed to fungicide-based disease management (Gianessi and Reigner, 2006). The yearly management of powdery mildew alone requires an extensive fungicide spray program (Gadoury et al., 2012) that can amount to as much as 37% gross value of production (Sambucci et al., 2014) due in part to the current lack of powdery mildew resistance in popular V. vinifera cultivars. In addition, based on California economic studies, grape powdery mildew management accounted for 89% of California restricted pesticide applications (Sambucci et al., 2019).


An algorithm for an adaptive Laguerre filter is described. The Laguerre weights are updated using standard RLS. As a new feature the Laguerre pole is adapted at each sampling instant for more flexibility. The additional complexity that is required to calculate the gradient w.r.t. the pole is small. A sign algorithm is used in order to have complete control of the step size with which the Laguerre pole is varied. The step size in the sign algorithm is pole dependent and chosen such that the cumulative transient signal caused by the persistent tuning of the Laguerre pole remains small enough. Also, the step size is chosen such that the Laguerre filter always remains stable. A computer experiment shows that the adaptive filter performs well.


A novel photochromic diarylethene based on a six-membered pyrimidine moiety 1-(2,4-dimethoxyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-n-pentylbenzene)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopent-ene has been synthesized. Its properties, including photochromic behavior and fluorescent properties, have been investigated. The compounds exhibited remarkable photochromism, changing from colorless to red after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA film. The fluorescence had a remarkable initial increase with subsequent dramatic decrease with increasing concentration. The results indicated that the pyrimidine moiety played a very important role during the process of photoisomerization reactions.


Low-Reynolds number flyers with a chord Reynolds number of 10 or below are sensitive to flow unsteadiness and require an effective flow control scheme to achieve stable flight performance. In this paper, unsteady aerodynamics under fluctuating free-stream conditions on an infinite wing with the SD7003 airfoil geometry at chord Reynolds number 1000 is controlled using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuator with the retrospective cost adaptive control algorithm. The control law, which requires knowledge of the first nonzero Markov parameter and nonminimum-phase zeros of the linearized flow-actuator model, adjusts control gains by minimizing a quadratic function of the retrospective performance. This paper extends previous research by addressing the lift stabilization mechanism under higher-magnitude disturbance conditions and assessing the variation of system-parameter estimates as functions of the impulse magnitude, free-stream velocity and nominal voltage. The sensitivity of the closed-loop performance to the accuracy of the parameter estimates is investigated by comparing the closed-loop performance with and without modeled parameter variations.


The pavement engineering community is moving toward design practices that use mechanistic-empirical (M-E) approaches to the design and analysis of pavement structures. This effort is embodied in the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) that was developed over the last several years through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) and accompanying AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design® software. As Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) moves toward implementation of M-E pavement design, the need to evaluate the effects of differences among the many types of traffic data on pavement design became apparent. This research project examined the differences among national-level traffic inputs developed through the aforementioned NCHRP studies (and now included as the default traffic data in the Pavement ME Design® software), state-level traffic inputs developed from data collected at ALDOT's weigh-in-motion (WIM) sites, and site-specific data. The full range of traffic inputs considered in the M-E design process was divided into 13 groups; the effects of the three levels of data were evaluated separately for each group. A rational, unbiased, quality control procedure for ALDOT WIM data was developed and applied to the data. Traffic inputs at levels 1 (national), 2 (state or regional), and 3 (site-specific), as specified in the design software, were then developed. The sensitivity of the pavement thickness required to not exceed a specified set of allowable pavement distresses, for both flexible and rigid pavements, to different levels of traffic data in Alabama was then determined. Finally, axle load spectra recommendations for flexible and rigid pavement design were made for future use by ALDOT.


Purpose: to analyze the socioeconomic and demographic aspects of the mothers attended to a newborn hearing screening program. Methods: the data came from a database of newborn hearing screening program. Participated in this study, 2476 mothers, whose neonates and infants were seen in this program, from an university hospital, during the years of 2007, 2008, and 2009. Results: among the analyzed variable, it was observed that 65,1% of the mothers aged between 20 and 34 years-old, and 67,5% were married. From de socioeconomic variables, it is observed that 36,2% mothers did not finished the medium grade, 56,4% were housekeepers and 96,7% had their babies in public maternities. Conclusion: from these results, it can be seen that there is some socioeconomic and demographic characteristics considered unfavorable to good health, especially if one talks about newborns and infants. Those conditions can lead to risk indicators for hearing loss, and should be taken in account when implementing a newborn hearing screening program, in developing countries.


Abstract We investigate here an efficient and flexible multimedia synchronization method that can be applied to intramedia and intermedia synchronization in a consistent manner. Because the synchronization requirements can vary widely according to the multimedia application in use, it is necessary to control the individual synchronization (delay sensitivity, error tolerance etc.) for each media separately. In addition, the synchronization method should handle the performance variations in the underlying network and systems. We propose an adaptive synchronization scheme based on the delay offset and playout rate adjustment that can match the application's varying synchronization requirements effectively. The model, algorithm and operation of the proposed method are presented in this paper.


tions of modern Korea between American missionaries, the Japanese colonizers, and Korean colonized. In this elegantly written book, Choi scrutinizes recent scholarship, encompassing postcolonial feminism, women's history, postcolonial studies, Korean studies, religious studies, and discourse analysis. She inspects a wide range of primary sources, including daily newspapers, magazines, archives of Christian networks, photographs, and cartoons, to illustrate the diverse agents' voices, desires, and aims. Because this book largely focuses on foreign-educated Korean women, less-educated, poor, rural women's voices and interactions with educated elite women are missing. However, it was understandably Choi's strategy to overcome source limitations by adopting the concept of "exceptional typical," a methodological tactic of microhistory that weaves historical facts by taking unusual cases as a prospect, or viewpoint, onto the broader structure (p. 34). This book will undoubtedly be a valuable textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses. It is also highly recommended for anyone interested in gender relations at the intersection of colonialism, nationalism, and Christian enterprise in modern Korea, particularly those who wish to conduct transnational and comparative research on Protestant missions and gender relations in the East.


The COVID-19 crisis, while difficult and tragic, also provides a critical opportunity to align efforts to meet Canada's climate goals with the challenge of economic reconstruction post-pandemic. IISD has developed seven "green strings" recommendations: key principles, criteria, and conditionalities that should be applied to government measures for economic recovery from COVID-19 to ensure a green recovery. Canada's leading environmental groups, representing close to two million people, have signed on to the recommendations.


The Azores Archipelago is geologically young, and the nine islands are from 8 million (Santa Maria) yr old. Evidence of endemism among the Azorean marine and maritime biota is sparse and clearly apparent only with regard to the supralittoral, maritime, vegetation Probably no alga nor marine animal is endemic, although a few species in several phyla are currently recognised as having this status. The marine fauna shows little evidence of colonisation by species with an eastern Pacific origin following the closure of the Isthmus of Panama and the opening of the Bering Strait in the Late Pliocene. The majority of the Azorean coastal and marine biota is very modem and comprises species that have arrived predominantly from the eastern Atlantic, especially the area between southern Europe (Lusitanian Region) and northwest Africa (Mauretanian Region), including the Mediterranean, but also contains species from other Atlantic sources. Regardless of their geographic origin, most representatives of the coastal Azorean marine biota are chance survivors of recent chance immigrants probably delivered to these shores in a variety of ways. It is likely, however, that the majority, but unknown percentage, of species were delivered by currents. Species with teleplanic larvae, for example, are present from both the western and eastern Atlantic. It is also likely that some, especially representatives of the Hydroida and species exhibiting direct development, were delivered by rafting and there are some examples of possible delivery by migratory birds (phoresy) which may also be more significant with regard to inter-island transport and especially between wetland feeding and roosting sites. The majority of terrestrial plants, all mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes (except Anguilla anguilla) of the Azores were introduced by man. Some marine colonisers have received human assistance, particularly the maritime vegetation and other well known exotics but in the latter case, unlike elsewhere, their impacts appear minimal. Following a brief introduction to the Azores, the geology of the islands and the ocean currents by which they are influenced, the marine, especially intertidal, flora and fauna are discussed in terms of their origins and possible means of arrival. The algae are represented by >300 species, the fauna by some 2100. The depauperate marine biota is characterised by simple communities notably lacking significant numbers of suspension feeders, perhaps to be expected in mid-Atlantic waters and, thus, by just as simple food chains. The uniformity of shore types also limits recruitment, even of successful immigrants, and coastal diversity and sources of primary productivity are only enriched in a few significant wetlands.


The spread of Covid-19 at the end of 2019 from one region to another region, until spreading all over the world. In March 2020 WHO deciding Covid-19 as pandemic. The spread of Covid-19 through droplets because of that goverment decides crowds rectriction. Various fields aver the world adapting to this pandemic. Goverment through Kemenparekraf (Indonesians Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy) compiling manual guidebook that regulates various activities. The guidebook contents about CHSE guide. This guide is mandatory to all restaurant. The implementation of CHSE affects guast from all aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of implementing CHSE on guest satisfaction pasticularly at Mie Gacoan Tegal. The research method used quantitatif study with incidental sampling technic. Data collection using questionnaire and analyzed using simple regression analysis. The result of this study found that implementing CHSE has a positive effect on guests satisfaction. Researcher suggestion for restaurants management is to consisten appliying CHSE and always updating about Covid-19.


rhGCSF can increase the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in persistent neutropenia (>3d) presumably by overcoming the effects of a putative inhibitory factor on the neonatal bone marrow (JPeds 126:457, 1995). In sepsis, neutropenia results from a low neutrophil storage pool, a near maximal WBC production rate and increased consumption; it is associated with a higher mortality. The aim of this series was to determine whether rhGCSF could also increase the ANC in septic neutropenic neonates in a clinically relevant time frame. From August 1994 to December 1995, 14 septic neonates were identified in our NICU with 3 or more of the following: positive blood cultures (10), hypotension (10), metabolic acidosis >5meq (11), ventilatory support (13), need for volume expansion & vasopressors (9). All had an ANC<1500/mm3 × 2 taken 12 h apart and received conventional antibiotic treatment. In addition, 10 neonates were treated with rhGCSF (10 ug/kg/d, IVx3d; IND#5616). The ANC (x ± SEM) was 490±135/mm3 in the rhGCSF group & 607±316/mm3 in the conventionally treated group. Following rhGCSF administration, the ANC increased by 9-fold (468±1703, ns) at 24h, 17-fold (8635±7583, p<0.05 ANOVA) at 48h, 24-fold (11963±3294, p<0.05) at 72h, & 28-fold (14196±4088, p<0.05) at 7d. The ANC in the conventionally treated group increased by 1.5-fold (960 ± 60, ns) at 24h, 1.8-fold(1141±37, ns) at 48h and to 2184 at 72h & 4386 at 7d in the only survivor. Platelets and RBC counts were unchanged in both groups yet monocytes increased 3-fold at 72h and 7-fold at 7d (p<0.05) after rhGCSF. At 28d after the septic episode, 9/10 neonates in the rhGCSF group & 1/4 neonates in the conventional group were alive. We conclude that rhGCSF could increase the ANC in septic neutropenic neonates and we suggest that the presumed limitation of bone marrow egress could be overcome in a therapeutically relevant time frame. A randomized trial is needed to confirm the efficacy of rhGCSF in septic neutropenic neonates on improved outcome. (See our related abstract, SPR `96).


The production situation of thionyl chloride in 16 m3 distillation kettle at Kaifeng Dongda Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.is introduced.The optimum process parameters are as follows: heating to 80 ℃ by 0.5 MPa steam followed by infinite refluxing for 3-4 h,and then collecting fraction for 10-12 h with the initial fraction(1.5-2 h) recycled to distillation.


The practical aim of the research is to develop a methodology for assessing the functional state of the musculoskeletal system in the case of complex human pathologies and associated injuries with the objective distinction of interdependent anatomical and functional disorders in the osteoarticular system, nervous and muscular subsystems, identification pathology severity in the separate subsystems and the degree of influence for each of them on the movement organization as a whole. In patients with cerebral palsy the neurological movement disturbance is a priority component, differentiation of which may by difficult due to lack of tools to evaluate objectively and display the features of functioning nervous system in normal and pathological conditions. The authors propose a set of interval indicators of stabilometric study and method to use it providing the more qualitative consideration individual characteristics and the formation of clinically interpretable representation of a visual results image as compared with the standard vector and frequency indicators.


Accurate measurement of thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and diffusivity and specific heat capacity) of micro- to nano-scale thin wires or films is a very difficult process; consequently, there are very few methods available to do so. Besides the optical setups in which thermal diffusivity is possible to be measured, the determination of thermal properties of fine fibres is limited to two major methods: the 3omega method or the Transient/Generalized Electrothermal Technique. A comparative analysis of the two techniques using conductive platinum wires has taken place to determine the benefits and drawbacks of both. Variables such as accuracy, measurement theory, time to measure, and difficulty of measurement are all taken into account. The results for both methods were compared to theoretical and literature values. Trends and values indicate that both methods can yield reliable results with respect to diffusivity and conductivity and for specific heat capacity with 3-omega. The measurement process and results indicate that the ideal method is application specific.


This account of her experiences as a patient in a mental hospital has been sent to Mental Health by Susan X. We cannot, of course, print her name in full.


Objective
To investigate the efficacy of subthreshold micropulse 577nm laser for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods
A retrospective case-series study. Fifteen patients (15 eyes) of macular edema secondary to BRVO, whose course of disease was not more than three months, were given subthreshold micropulse 577nm laser. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and fundus fluoresceine angiography (FFA) were analyzed before and after treatment during the 6-9 months follow-up visit.

Results
Preoperative BCVA was (0.34±0.18), while postoperative BCVA were (0.55±0.15), (0.67±0.12), (0.68±0.13), respectively in 3 months, 6 months and 9 months. Statistically differences were found (P <0.05). The preoperative CMT was (451.53±147.38)μm, while that of post-treatment in 3 months, 6 months and 9 months were (284.33±96.91)μm, (228.73±72.78)μm, (213.40±63.24)μm, respectively. There were statistically differences (P <0.05).

Conclusions
The treatment of subthreshold micropulse 577nm laser for macular edema secondary to BRVO can effectively improve the visual acuity or make it stable and lighten the macular edema. This method is less damage, repeatable, safe and effective.

Key words:
Branch retinal vein occlusion; Macular edema; Micropulse laser


The efficacy,side-reaction of copper IUD,mifepristone and levonorgestrel in emergency contraception were studied,and the influence of these contraceptive devices on menstruation was also observed.150 cases healthy women were given with oral Ru486(10mg),copper intrauterine device(IUD) or levonorgestrel (0.75mg taken in two equal doses 12 hours apart) respectively,after sexual intercourse within 120 hours without contraception or failed contraception.The results showed that the effective rates of Ru486 and copper IUD for emergency contraception were both 100%,while the levonorgestrel group was 76.88%(Calculation with Dixon method).The influence of the emergency contraception on both menstruation and the side reaction were light.The data suggest that the three methods for emergency contraception were high efficacy,safety.The copper IUD insertion has no complications and can be used for up to 10 years.


The rapid growth of internet and web based applications has given rise to the number of attacks on the network. The way the attacker attacks the system differs from one attacker to the other. The sequence of attack or the signature of an attacker should be stored, analyzed and used to generate rules for mitigating future attack attempts. We have deployed honeypot to record the activities of the attacker. While the attacker prepares for an attack, the IDS redirects him to the honeypot. We make the attacker believe that he is working with the actual system. The activities related to the attack are recorded by the honeypot by interacting with the intruder. The recorded activities are analyzed by the network administrator, and the rule database is updated. As a result, we improve the detection accuracy and security of the system using honeypot without any loss or damage to the original system. As the number of threats to the information is increasing, there is a need for a powerful intrusion detection system that can actually fulfil the requirement of security against the threat. This type of security can be achieved by identifying the particular type of attack. The classification of attack activities ensures the efficient countermeasure for the attack. The work focuses on the classification of attack using multiclass support vector machine approach. The support vector machine is used for binary classification. This approach is extended to the multiclass classification of attack with improved accuracy of classification. We have used three benchmark datasets for training and testing purpose: KDD corrected dataset, NSLKDD dataset, Gure KDD dataset. We have also compared the results with existing work. The evaluation gives better accuracy for detection of attack than the existing approach. The evaluation provides better accuracy for detection of attack than the existing approach


A Green's function approach, akin to the classical Impedance Field Method, is exploited to derive a compact noise model for long-gate MOSFETs. The model includes diffusion noise as microscopic noise source, accounting for high field mobility and diffusivity effects in the microscopic noise source and in the Green's function evaluation. The analytical model with nominal parameters compares very well with results obtained from an accurate 2D numerical drift-diffusion model, both for the noise density distributions and the device terminal noise spectra.


The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua Spacecraft was launched on May 4, 2002. The AIRS was designed to measure atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles and has demonstrated exceptional radiometric and spectral accuracy and stability in-orbit. The accuracy is achieved by transferring the calibration from a Large Area Blackbody (LABB) to the On-Board Calibrator (OBC) blackbody during preflight testing and frequent on-board calibration. The LABB theoretical emissivity is in excess of 0.9999 and temperature uncertainty is less than ±60 mK. The LABB emitted radiance is NIST traceable through thermistors located on the internal surfaces. The AIRS also provides a full aperture space view every scan for offset calibration. AIRS nonlinearity and polarization calibration coefficients were based on pre-flight testing and have been among the highest uncertainty sources in the calibration. A recent method using on-board space view data has reduced the uncertainty of the polarization coefficients and use of separate A side and B side data from pre-flight testing has reduced the uncertainty of the nonlinearity estimates. An update to the system radiometric uncertainty is made based on the new data and includes other refinements and is presented in this paper. This paper does not address the stability of the AIRS radiances in orbit that is usually determined by comparison with surface observations.


Taking into account the business process of cold chain distribution,the paper establishes a cold chain distribution Petri net model,uses the incidence matrix to analyze the nature of the model and in view of the stochastic concurrency of events in the cold chain distribution system evaluates the effectiveness of the model established in a simulation experiment.


This paper describes the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of mussel-inspired acetonide-protected dopamine (meth)acrylamide monomers (ADA and ADMA) and its implementation to the synthesis of innovative ambivalent block copolymers. They consist of a hydrophobic poly((meth)acrylamide) block functionalized by catechols and a hydrophilic segment of a poly((meth)acrylate) bearing pendent PEG chains. For the first time, a series of well-defined P(PEGAm-b-ADAn) and P(ADMAn-b-PEGMAm) diblock copolymers across a range of molar masses (13–42 kg mol−1) with low molar mass dispersities (Đ = 1.12 − 1.25) were reported. Post polymerization, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) treatment yields block copolymers bearing free-catechol units in quantitative yields (>95%) with a slight noticeable hydrolysis of pendent-PEG units (2%–4%). The self-assembly of the amphiphilic block copolymers into spherical micelles was demonstrated by 1H NMR, DLS and TEM imaging techniques. Real-time quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) studies revealed that free-catechol groups were necessary for a strong anchoring onto gold and stainless steel surfaces because acetonide-protected and catechol-oxidized block copolymers completely desorbed from the surface in the rinsing step. The ambivalent nature of catechol functionalized block copolymers was studied by bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption on polymer modified surfaces, which displayed improved resistance against BSA adsorption, when compared to an unmodified surface.


Taking a bridge-tunnel transition section as engineering background and using ANSYS software,a three-dimensional finite element model is established.Based on the model,rheological analysis and track irregularity analysis are carried out.


Web Services are a kind of distributed systems built by using a set of loosely coupled components, these elementary components may be situated in dynamic environments characterized by intense use of wireless medium. In such environments requested services may failed at any time during the composition process. However, current research works on Web services focus merely on static composition and disregard dynamic one. To cope with this problem we exploit in this work real time rewriting logic to design and formal check dynamic Web services. Thanks to this formalization we do not only obtain a high level specification of dynamic Web services behavior, but we are able to formally reason on it thanks to Maude real time.


acid which is formed as the result of metabolism, but of this there is no proof, and indeed there are certain facts against this view. At present the modus operandi of what is an undoubted fact is quite unknown. It is obvious that many other forms of oedema are open to explanation in the same way as that given above. In the cedema of chlorosis it is evident that there is a chronic starvation of the tissues, at all events of oxygen; while the constipation which is usually present may possibly enter in some way into the question. It is also possible, in view of the fact that anaemia is frequently accompanied by a pulse of high tension, as shown, independently, by Archibald Garrod and Dickinson, that a renal element may play a subordinate part. Cachectic dropsy manifestly depends upon starvation of the tissues. To take three typical examples. Dropsy of the ankles occurs at the end of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, of malignant disease, and of malaria. In tuberculosis the heart is always small and ill-nourished; in malignant disease the blood supply is largely diverted for the growth of a tissue which is physiologically outside the body; in malaria there is a great destruction of corpuscles. In all these cases, therefore, there is ample explanation for starvation of the tissues, and the effect of starvation has already been considered. CEdema of the lungs is a subject of more uncertainty. The lung tissue obtains its nutriment through the bronchial arteries, which are small in comparison with the area they have to supply. Whether the lungs obtain food from the blood of the pulmonary artery it is impossible to say, though such a source seems improbable. Having regard, however, to the fact that in cardiac disease cedema of the lungs is a sign of cardiac failure as much as is cedema of the ankles, we may provisionally regard cedema of the lungs as the result of a failure in nutrition of the lung tissue. The subject, however, is so fraught with difficulties from an experimental point of view that the solution given must not be regarded as more than a possible one.


Derrida, Jacques (1981) Spurs: Nietzsche's Styles. Trans. Barbara Harlow. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Le Doeuff, Michèle (1991) Hipparchia's Choice: An Essay Concerning Women, Philosophy, Etc. Trans. Trista Selous. Oxford: Blackwell. Le Doeuff, Michèle (2006) Hipparchia's Choice: An Essay Concerning Women, Philosophy, Etc. New York: Columbia University Press. Lloyd, Genevieve (1993) The Man of Reason: 'Male' and 'Female' in Western Philosophy, 2nd edn. London: Routledge. Lloyd, Genevieve (2000) 'Le Doeuff and History of Philosophy', pp. 33–44 in Max Deutscher (ed.) Operative Philosophy and Imaginary Practice: Michèle Le Doeuff. New York: Humanities Books.


Abstract Routine monitoring of ocean conditions along Line‐P has continued for almost 50 years. During the 1997–98 El Niño episode sufficient warning was available so that a special El Niño Watch Program was initiated to monitor the passage of the oceanic anomalies past the coast of British Columbia, and that program included an intensification of sampling along Line‐P. Comparison of the sampling along Line‐P during this period allows comparison with the long‐term mean states and so allows a description of the anomalies associated with the El Niño and the subsequent La Niña event. The availability of detailed offshore sea‐level observations from the Topex‐Poseidon satellite allows estimation of velocity anomalies which, together with estimates of the temperature anomalies, allows calculations of the heat fluxes across Line‐P before the El Niño began, during the development and mature phases of the El Niño and the subsequent La Niña phase. We also have approximately 12 years of data available from a network of offshore weather buoys, this allows estimates of the Ekman heat flux. The anomalous heat fluxes computed are very large and potentially represent a major perturbation to the energetics of the Gulf of Alaska. Unfortunately, there was no equivalent El Niño watch program off the coast of Alaska, and so it is not possible to determine what fraction of the heat crossing Line‐P remains within the Gulf of Alaska and what fraction is exported westwards along the coast of the Aleutian island chain.


Digestive bloating is a very common disease, that, though tightly linked to other better known functional diseases such as functional dyspepsia and irritable intestine syndrome, often appears as isolated disfunction itself. Patients refer episodes of abdominal pressure that are difficult to explain. Through the analysis of CT captures of the patients, using a series of measuring tools developed ad-hoc, we have obtained a better comprehension of these functional digestive diseases that have lead to a proper diagnosis and treatment of such patients. In this paper we present the tools that have been developed to assist physicians in obtaining measures of different morpho-volumetric parameters of the abdominal and pulmonary structures and these are used in the clinical practice to effectively diagnosing digestive bloating.


This article mainly states that the factors in levying and managing taxes will influence the tax income.The writer raises a new viewpoint that the factors in levying and managing taxes have a long- term and general effect on taxes income.This will greatly improve people's knowledge that the factors in levying and managing taxes will influence the tax income.


as th mortality adequate physical the risk ABSTRACT College students are highly vulnerable to malnourishment as during transition to independent living they make their own food choices, irregular routines, physical inactivity due to academic burden and lack of time. This leads to imbalanced diet. Studies conducted among medical students world over revealed the indifferent attitude towards lifestyle related diseases, healthy food habits and physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To assess nutritional status of medical students and the main associated factors. METHOD: A cross sectional study was conducted among MBBS students in MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna during February – March 2016. Those not willing to participate or taking drugs which may contribute to overweight/obesity were excluded. BMI was calculated and details like physical activity, junk food consumption and stress were assessed. RESULTS: Among 492 medical students, 63.2% were females and 36.8% males. 18.5% were overweight; 2.64% obese and 14.02% underweight. All reported being stressed; 88.6% reported junk food consumption and 59.9% were physically inactive. A significant higher proportion of females were underweight and lower proportion were overweight/obesity. A significant association was noted between nutritional status and junk food consumption (9.26 times risk for overweight/obesity). But no significant association was noted between nutritional status and physical activity. risk for becoming underweight. Significant association was noted between nutritional status and junk food consumption but not physical activity.


Both Lippmann and Dewey sensed that democracy carried in its unformulated assumptions a conception of knowledge, and they disagreed on what those assumptions are and on what they should be. This initial difference reverberates through their political thinking. Lippmann's and Dewey's dialog in the twenties recapitulates some of the most vital questions about democracy: what is it that makes a "good citizen", and is a "good man" de facto a "good citizen"? To what extent can democracy be predica...


Purpose : This study investigates the effectiveness of FK-506, a new immunosuppressive agent for in preventing the rejection of limb allotransplants in rats. Materials and Methods : Inbred strain Lewis () were used as donors and Brown Norway () as recipients for limb allotransplantation. The experimental animals were divided into four groups; group I: untreated allografts, group II: allografts receiving FK-506 1 mg/kg/day for 5-12 days (n=6), group III: 2 mg/kg/day for 15 days (n=6), group IV: single dose of 10 mg/kg (n=3), immediately. Rejection signs, mean survival time of limbs and histologic analysis (by the muscle grading system of Buttemeyer et al.) were evaluated. Results : The mean survival time in group I was 3.51.04 days, in group II 7.173.43 days, in group III 25.512.01 days and in group IV 16.338.08 days. FK-506 prolonged the survival time of limbs significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Histologic examination revealed that group II was grade II (n=2) and grade III (n=1); group III was grade I (n=2); and group IV was grade I (n=1) and grade II (n=1). Conclusion : These results demonstrate the unique effects of FK-506 upon preventing graft rejection and prolonging limb survival allografts in rats.


Excess molar enthalpies for a series of ethylene glycol + alkanol (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 2-butanol) systems were measured over the entire molar composition range at (298.15, 308.15, and 323.15) K under atmospheric pressure using a flow-type isothermal microcalorimeter. The values of HE increase slightly with increasing temperature for all of the ethylene glycol + n-alkanol (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol) systems over the entire composition range. In addition, a dependence of HE on the chain length of the n-alkanol was observed. However, the same temperature dependency as in the ethylene glycol + n-alkanol systems was not observed for ethylene glycol + 2-alkanol (2-propanol and 2-butanol) systems. The experimental results were compared with values correlated using the Redlich−Kister equation.


4108 Background: In a Phase III pancreatic cancer trial combining G17DT with gemcitabine (Gem) vs Gem alone [ASCO 2005, Abstract 4012], a significant survival effect, independent of baseline KPS, was seen in patients with gastrin antibody response (Placebo + Gem 178 days vs 264 for antibody responders > 16U, p = 0.03). A consistent criticism of such analyses of vaccine trials in cancer patients is that the immuno-responders reflect a fitter sub-population. To show that response to G17DT was at least partially independent of health status, pre-trial EBV titres, which can be considered as a marker of immunological status, were shown to be predictive of survival in the placebo group. However, in the G17DT treated group, antibody responders and non-responders had similar distributions of anti EBV titres.

METHODS
Baseline PC4 patient sera from both Gem alone (placebo) and Gem + G17DT groups were examined for antibodies against EBV by ELISA. The placebo patients were assigned high or low EBV status if they were respectively above or below the mean titre. Kaplan-Meier curves for these sub-populations were compared using the log rank statistic. G17DT-treated patients were grouped into high, low and non-responders. Mean EBV titres of the G17DT subgroups were compared with each other and with the placebo group using the t-test.

RESULTS
HighEBV titre was shown to predict improved survival in the placebo arm of the Phase III trial (Gem treatment only, p = 0.049). However, mean EBV titres were similar in high G17DT antibody responders cf non-responders (EBV titre 125 vs 159, p = 0.13) and in placebo patients cf non-responders (160 vs 159, p = 0.98).

CONCLUSIONS
Pre-trial EBV titre, found to be predictive of survival in pancreatic cancer patients treated with gemcitabine, was similar between G17DT responders and non-responders, adding further weight to the hypothesis that G17DT response is substantially independent of health status. [Table: see text].


The ichnogenus Rebuffoichnus was created by Roselli in 1987 to include a single ichnospecies, R. casamiquelai. In this contribution, this ichnotaxon is redescribed and compared with similar trace fossils attributed to coleopterans based on the examination of the holotype using computerized tomography and a large series of specimens collected recently from another locality of different age. Differences among Rebuffoichnus, Monesichnus, Teisseirei, and particularly Fictovichnus, are analyzed based on the type of wall, chamber fillings, and chamber shape.


Two patients, one with nail lichen striatus and second with idiopathic trachyonychia were treated with intramatriceal injections of platelet‐rich plasma. A total of 0.1 ml of the plasma solution was injected into the matrix of the involved nails at three weekly intervals. Follow‐up was done at each sitting and thereafter at 16 and 20 weeks. Assessment was done both photographically and by dermoscopy. Case 1 showed marked improvement within 3 weeks and Case 2 showed improvement within 6 weeks. No relapses were seen at 16 and 20 weeks of follow up. Intramatricial PRP is a safe and effective therapeutic modality in nail lichen striatus and idiopathic trachyonychia refractory to other treatment options. Further studies with larger sample size and controls are required to validate the results.


The rationale for a typical cogeneration plant is clear: Supply some power, and maybe some steam, to an industrial host and save energy dollars on both sides of the fence. But integrating a cogen plant that also produces hydrogen with a major refinery that operates 24/7 is a job best left to a company with diverse and proven technology skills. The Air Products Port Arthur II project proves that such a job can be done right. Accordingly, it is one of POWER's natural gas-fired Top Plants of 2007.


In this article, the author explores the significance of "exits" for juvenile male offenders who are preparing to leave correctional institutions. The analysis focuses on practical and cognitive exit strategies, anticipated challenges, and future visions based on qualitative interviews with 20 juvenile males (ages 15-17 years) from two correctional facilities in the upper Midwest region of the United States. At the juncture of exit, all of the youth were involved in practical preparation for reentry and shared an emphasis on the theme of "individual responsibility" for their futures. However, the cognitive strategies they used to prepare for exit were strongly differentiated by level of motivation or expressed "openness" to change. Youth who had little motivation to change tended to deny the potential challenges associated with their return to the community, whereas those who expressed a greater openness to change were contemplating how to achieve an alternative, law-abiding future while realistically considering the potential pitfalls of crime temptations. Ambivalence about change was the most common pattern, expressed as a desire to move toward desistance but lacking the internal confidence or sense of social support to achieve such change. From these findings, implications for theory and practice are proposed.


A coastal bermudagrass hay pasture (8-10 in. high) growing in Tifton loamy sand and fertilized with 200-31-61 and 400-200-300 (N, P2 O5, and K2O) lb/acre 5/10 and 7/20 respectively, was moderately infested with fall army-worms, Aniclainfecta, and other foliage-feeding lepidopteran larvae. Insecticides were applied in water as 20 gal/acre with a C02-powered backpack sprayer having TeeJet flat spray tips (no. 8003). Plots were 11 × 26 ft with 4 ft mowed borders. The design was a randomized complete block with 5 replications. Twenty sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia) net were used to sample insects. Pretreatmenf and 24 hr-posttreatment samples were placed in a plastic bag and counted under magnification. Forty-eight hr and 1 week posttreatment samples were counted In the field. Yields were taken by clipping (to ca. 4 in. height) two 2.2 × 10 ft areas with a Jari mower (8/30 and 31). Subsamples (ca. 200-300g) were taken and dried for 48 hr to calculate percent dry matter. Larger samples (ca. 1-1.5 kg) were held for determination of invitro dry matter-digestibility. Also, areas 1 sq ft were clipped ca. 2 in. from the ground for leaf-stem ratio determinations.


In this paper a large-area heat flux and temperature sensor (HFT) is used for the evaluation of the insulation value of cryogenic pipes. The HFT is flexible and clamp-on. The test method is relatively simple and can be used in-situ. The HFT makes it possible to monitor insulation performance over elongated times and to study localized effects (thermal bridges).The method complies with the Standard Practice ASTM C 1041 - 85 (2007). The method is originally designed for subsea oil pipelines. Three commercial rigid cryogenic pipes are tested, using vacuum, polyisocyanurate and polyurethane insulation. The method is also used on flexible cryogenic pipes.


Industry needs to control and to optimise the process parameters of the steel quenching can be accomplished by considering achievement of desired mechanical properties and microstructure distribution. A joined thermometallurgical approach is applied to complete the numerical model of phenomena of steel quenching. Because of wide range of applicability and ease of use of finite volume method (FVM), this numerical method was suitable to create integrated computer program for simulation of transient temperature field, microstructure transformations and mechanical properties during a quenching of steel components. The computer model of steel quenching has been applied for simulation of quenching of steel die components of complex form. By experimental verification of the computer simulation results, it has been found out that phenomena of steel quenching could be successfully described by the proposed computer model.


While positive regulation of c-Akt (also known as protein kinase B) by receptor tyrosine kinases is well documented, compounds acting through G protein-coupled receptors can also activate Akt and its downstream targets. We therefore explored the role of G protein subunits in the regulation of Akt in cultured mammalian cells. In HEK-293 and COS-7 cells transiently transfected with β2-adrenergic or m2 muscarinic receptors, respectively, treatment with agonist-induced phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473 as evidenced by phosphoserine-specific immunoblots. This effect was blocked by the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase inhibitor LY294002 and wild-type Gαi1, and was not duplicated by co-transfection of the constitutively active Gαs-Q227L or Gαi-Q204L mutant. Co-transfection of Gβ1, Gβ2 but not Gβ5 together with Gγ2 activated the kinase when assayed in vitro following immunoprecipitation of the epitope-tagged enzyme. In contrast, constitutively activated G protein subunits representing the four Gα subfamilies were found unable to activate Akt in either cell line. The latter results are in disagreement with a report by Murga et al. (Murga, C., Laguinge, L., Wetzker, R., Cuadrado, A., and Gutkind, J. S. (1998)J. Biol. Chem. 273, 19080–19085) that described activation of Akt in response to mutationally activated Gαq and Gαi transfection in COS cells. To the contrary, in our experiments Gαq-Q209L inhibited Akt activation resulting from βγ or mutationally activated H-Ras co-transfection in these cells. In HEK-293 cells Gαq-Q209L transfection inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1 activation of epitope-tagged Akt. In m1 muscarinic receptor transfected HEK-293 cells, carbachol inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulated phosphorylation at Ser473 of endogenous Akt in an atropine-reversible fashion. We conclude that G proteins can regulate Akt by two distinct and potentially opposing mechanisms: activation by Gβγ heterodimers in a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase-dependent fashion, and inhibition mediated by Gαq. This work identifies Akt as a novel point of convergence between disparate signaling pathways.


This research is aimed at describing the use of language in beauty ads (Pantene and Garnier ads), elaborating the way of the strategy are used in persuading the consumers and investigating the reason for the use of strategies. This is a descriptive qualitative method in which the data were collected from the advertisements of Pantene and Garnier. The collected data are the words, phrases, clauses, sentences that are used in ads. The data were analyzed according to Fairclough's three dimensional approach of discourse analysis; they are textual features, discursive features, and social feature. The findings of this study show that the language used in Pantene and Garnier advertisements appear very interesting in building image to the audience and were successful in utilizing the various discourse strategies to gain people's attraction to buy the product being advertised. For the social practices, the words found in their advertisement are considered have control or power over people.


The rates of youth unemployment and low human capital development in Africa have been worrisome. This study empirically investigated the role that youth unemployment played in the relationship between human capital and growth in Africa. The effects of both male and female youth unemployment on growth were examined. A system generalized method of moment (GMM) was used to estimate the model employed in the study. It was found that youth unemployment had resulted to a detrimental effect on growth in Africa in diverse ways. While, male youth unemployment was found to have a negative and statistically significant effect on growth, female youth unemployment shows no statistically significant effect on GDP per capita in Africa. Among the human capital development indices used in the regression, only primary school enrollment was found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on GDP per capita. Secondary and tertiary enrollments were found to be statistically insignificant. Appropriate policies geared towards job creation for the youths and human capital development would reduce the detrimental effect of youth unemployment and low human capacity building on long run growth.