Objective:To compare curative effect and safety of Escitalopram combined with Xiaoyaosan with Escitalopram in the treatment of depression.Methods:60 cases of patients with depression were randomly divided into the treatment group(Xiaoyaosan subtract unfettered combined with Escitalopram group) and control group(Escitalopram group),each 30 cases.Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD) was used to evaluate the efficacy before the treatment and 2,4,6,8 weeks after the treatment,adverse reactions scale(TESS) was used to evaluate safety.Results:The effective rate of the treatment group was 93.33% and the control group was 83.33%,the difference was significant(P0.05).2,4,6,8 weeks after the treatment,HAMD scores were lower in the treatment group than the control group,the difference was significant(P0.05).The treatment group had 4 cases of adverse reactions,control group had 12 cases,the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Xiaoyaosan subtract unfettered combined with Escitalopram in the treatment of depression shows good curative effect,and the adverse reaction is less.


A digital image, or by using charge from the pixels included in the photosensitive semiconductor-based imaging device, it is possible to detect the gamma rays and energy particles emitted by the radioactive material. To identify artifact pixels scale provided in digital images and video images by high-energy gamma rays, several methods can be used. By performing statistical tests and other compared for the artifacts in the image or pixels, the false positive detection of the gamma rays is enabled prevented. Using the sensitivity of the system can detect radiation material at a distance beyond 50 meters. With the advanced processing techniques, to allow more accurate determination of the position of the source in the gradient method, using other processes, it becomes possible to specifically identify the isotope. By adjusting the different imaging device alarms and network alarms, in this system, it is possible to divide the non-radioactive object from radioactive target. .TECHNICAL


Summary form only given. This seminar deals with fundamental aspects of Similarity, Semantics, Ambiguity, Intelligent Pattern Recognition (IPR) and applications. It basically includes the following: Overview of 3D Biometric Technology and Applications, Importance of Security: A Scenario of Terrorists Attack,, What are Biometric Technologies? Biometrics: Analysis vs Synthesis, Analysis: Concept of Syntax. Semantics, Ambiguity and Interactive Pattern Recognition, Importance of Measurement, How it works: Fingerprint Extraction and Matching, Iris, and Facial Analysis, Authentication Applications, Thermal Imaging: Emotion Recognition. Synthesis in Biometrics, Modeling and Simulation, and more Examples and Applications of 3D Biomedical Imaging in Interactive Web/Video Networking Fuzzy Learning Environment. Finally, some future research directions are discussed.


Objective: To establish a method for determination of arsenic release from Glass Infusion bottles of drug packaging materials by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometer(HG-AFS).Methods: Sample solutions were directly determined by HG-AFS.Operation parameters of HG-AFS and condition were optimized and selected.Results: A good linearity was obtained(r=0.999 4).The detection limit was 0.064 μg/L.The recovery was 97.80%.RSD was 2.04%.Conclusion: The HG-AFS method is simple and fast with high sensitivity.


The present invention discloses a semiconductor device software failure alarm, the method comprising the steps comprising: collecting real-time database using a monitoring module to monitor real-time data collected in real time data server; field of semiconductor devices in real time alarm data collection configuration; alarm interface further predetermined value the alarm information by configuration, forming the alarm monitoring tables in the database; real-time data collection and alarm monitoring data table alarm information calculation; alarm information stored in the buffer while calculating alarm information to the alarm list database server; then alarm information stored in the buffer alarm information processing, real-time alarm information delivered to the interface and historical alarm interface alarm control and integrated in the interface. The present invention may be employed to achieve the correct software fault alarm semiconductor device, the semiconductor device can meet the process requirements of the manufacturing process.


Graphite is a high temperature structural material due to its low specific gravity and high strength along with exceptional chemical and physicomechanical properties. However, graphite and other carbon materials suffer high temperature oxidation and are easily eroded by particle and gas streams. One of the ways to improve these properties is by making adherent protective coatings on carbon materials. The adherence of the coatings depends on their wettability and the difference in the values of their coefficient of thermal expansion with that of the carbon material. The transition metals have outstanding ability to combine strongly with carbon due to their partly-filled d-orbitals and ability to form strong covalent bonds. Hence, transition metals can be used to make coatings on graphite. In this paper we have deposited titanium, zirconium, and niobium coatings on graphite using a fiber laser. The coatings have been characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Knoop's hardness, X-ray diffraction, and secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). A one-dimensional finite element heat transfer model of titanium coating on graphite was prepared and experimentally validated.Graphite is a high temperature structural material due to its low specific gravity and high strength along with exceptional chemical and physicomechanical properties. However, graphite and other carbon materials suffer high temperature oxidation and are easily eroded by particle and gas streams. One of the ways to improve these properties is by making adherent protective coatings on carbon materials. The adherence of the coatings depends on their wettability and the difference in the values of their coefficient of thermal expansion with that of the carbon material. The transition metals have outstanding ability to combine strongly with carbon due to their partly-filled d-orbitals and ability to form strong covalent bonds. Hence, transition metals can be used to make coatings on graphite. In this paper we have deposited titanium, zirconium, and niobium coatings on graphite using a fiber laser. The coatings have been characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Knoop's hardness, X-ray diffraction...


Multiple clustering analysis has the clear advantages to discover latent data pattern in big data from different views, so it has tremendous practical values in automation industries. However, most of current algorithms are difficult to group heterogeneous data to multiple clusterings according to the requirements of different applications. This paper presents a flexible multiple clustering analytic and service framework, and a novel tensor-based multiple clusterings (TMC) approach. Heterogeneous data objects in cyber-physical-social systems are first represented as low-order tensors and a weight tensor construction approach is proposed to measure the importance of attributes combinations in heterogeneous feature spaces. Then, a selective weighted tensor distance is explored to cluster tensorized data objects for different applications. This paper, through a real-world smart bike maintenance system, illustrates TMC and evaluates its clustering performance. Experimental results reveal TMC can obtain higher quality clustering results but with lower redundancies to meet different requirements of applications in automation systems.


The invention relates to an oral dosage form, which is secured against misuse and which has a controlled release of (1R, 2R) -3- (3-dimethylamino-l-ethyl-2-methylpropyl) -phenol for administration once daily. The invention is characterized in that the oral dosage form comprising the active ingredient and / or one or more pharmaceutically acceptable compounds (A) thereof, at least one synthetic and / or natural polymer (C), retarding agents, optionally including additional physiological compatible adjuvants ( 13) and optionally includes a wax (D). The oral dosage form has a breaking resistance of at least 500 N, preferably at least 750 N. The dosage form contains at least one of the following misbruksforhindrende components (a) - (f); (A) at least one substance which irritates the nasal or oral cavity; (B) at least one viscosity enhancing agent; (C) at least one antagonist for the active ingredient that have abuse potential; (D) at least one emetic; (E) at least one dye acting as a deterrent and; (F) at least one bitter substance.


The lithospheric mantle as sampled by peridotite xenoliths in some continental settings resembles the source of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Whether this resemblance is a primary feature or the result of post-formation secondary processes remains controversial. Here, the age, origin and thermochemical evolution of fertile continental mantle are constrained based on the chemical composition of minerals in spinel-facies lherzolite and websterite xenoliths from the Wum maar and Befang cinder cone of the Oku Volcanic Group (Cameroon Volcanic Line, West Africa), combined with in-situ Sr isotope compositions of clinopyroxene and fabric investigation by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD).
 The majority of lherzolites (here assigned to Group I) consist of minerals with fertile composition (olivine Fo89, Al-rich pyroxenes, spinel Cr# 0.08-0.10). Clinopyroxene is LREE-depleted and has depleted 87Sr/86Sr (0.7017-0.7020). Crystal-preferred orientation determined by EBSD reveals that clinopyroxene, and sporadically both clino- and orthopyroxene, post-date the olivine framework. Subordinate Group II lherzolites also contain secondary clinopyroxene which is LREE-enriched and has higher 87Sr/86Sr (0.7033). In contrast, the scarce lherzolites of Group III are more refractory: they contain 72-78 vol. % olivine, Al-poor pyroxenes, and spinel with Cr# 0.18. Clinopyroxene (87Sr/86Sr 0.7021) is texturally coeval with olivine and orthopyroxene. Few lherzolites contain amphibole (87Sr/86Sr 0.7031) which post-dates the nominally anhydrous minerals. Most of the websterites (Group A) are aluminous (spinel Cr# 0.04-0.06) with LREE-depleted clinopyroxene having depleted 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7017-0.7020) similar to Group I lherzolites.
 Chemical characteristics of minerals coupled with the crystal-preferred orientation data suggests that Group I lherzolites originated in the spinel stability field by reactive intergranular percolation of an incompatible element-depleted MORB-like melt. Group A websterites likely formed as cumulates from that melt. The Group II lherzolites supposedly occur close to lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and record interaction with lavas of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, whereas Group III lherzolites occur in the shallow part of the mantle profile and represent the protolith from which the Group I lherzolites were formed. Local crystallization of amphibole and concomitant recrystallization of the host lherzolite were driven by supply of water in an event post-dating the formation of LREE-depleted rejuvenated rocks.
 Migration of alkaline melts of the CVL apparently did not significantly affect the mineral and chemical composition of the lithospheric mantle, which allowed Group I lherzolites and Group A websterites to retain very low 87Rb/86Sr (average 0.002) and depleted 87Sr/86Sr ratios in clinopyroxene. This not only indicates their formation in the Paleoproterozoic (~2.0-2.25 Ga), possibly during the Eburnean orogeny at the margin of the Congo craton, but also indicates surprisingly little influence of the regionally-recognized Pan-African event.


This study was conducted to analyze the role and characteristics of Gaque, a licensed Realtor(House Broker) who were active during the Daehan Empire. In a situation that the real estate certification system had not been established, the Daehan Empire enforced the house deed system to ensure fair transactions. It recognized Gaque as the main agent that would operate the house deed system, and as a matter of fact, it gave them a exclusive right on housing transactions. During the Daehan Empire, there was a widening gap between actual private ownership and references, which is why Gaque could grow. The government tried to narrow the gap by using the house deed system and Gaque. However, Gaque were more interested in making real estate transactions brisk to have the commission by brokering transactions, leases and mortgages. Gaque sometimes disturbed the trade order, but also contributed to the systematization and vitalization of transactions. They can be considered as a main non-governmental agent that had made a real estate management system with a close cooperation with Hanseongbu(漢城府). Hereat, this study is to analyze the role and characteristics of Gaque in reference to the real estate certification system, as well as to investigate the actual state of real estate transactions done in the general public.


This paper reviews the implementation of IS0 9000 in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Similar to many other industrialised countries, the International Standard has gained wide acceptance in Chinese communities. However, due to social and cultural differences, the mentality of using this quality assurance management tool is unique to each entity. The IS0 9000 system is used as a tool of control in China, a tool of trade in Hong Kong and a tool of management in Taiwan. In terms of motives for implementing the IS0 9000 system, some companies are internally initiated (active) while the others are externally driven (passive). The author argues that the active companies draw better benefits from the quality assurance management system.


The present invention provides a method of pre-melting type continuous casting tundish agent is aluminum killed steel. The pre-melt-type tundish CaO, by weight comprising 45 to 50 parts, and not more than 4 parts in SiO2, not more than 5 parts MgO, 35 ~ 40 parts by Al2O3,3 ~ 8 parts of Na2O, not more than 1.5 parts in CaF2, and 3 to 6 parts of C, and the pre-fusing agent basicity tundish 10 to 18, a melting point of 1200 ℃ ~ 1400 ℃. The method comprises casting aluminum killed molten steel into the tundish, and then using pre-fusible tundish agent as described above to cover the package in the middle of the level of aluminum killed molten steel, followed by casting. Advantages of the present invention comprises: soluble aluminum can be reduced in the molten aluminum killed steel in the tundish burning, improve steel cleanliness, it can reduce the total oxygen content of the continuous cast slab.


Collegiate student athletes are exposed to high levels of stress related to his or her academic, athletic, and social competency. Early morning practices, rushed meals, vigorous training regimes, lack of adequate rest, and pressure to perform all make an athlete more susceptible to injury, fatigue, and nutritional deficits. College students are vulnerable to inadequate nutrition due to skipped meals, limited finances, and an unlimited access to foods that are low in nutritional value. Many universities provide student athletes with comprehensive physical therapy and injury rehab programs, but lack the resources for nutritional services, despite the fact that the prevalence of eating disorders in collegiate athletes is rising. Eating disorders are psychological illnesses characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating patterns, Physiological complications include cognitive decline, electrolyte disturbances, muscle loss and weakness, poor wound healing, infertility, and organ failure. Although athletic participation does not cause an individual to have an eating disorder, it has been identified as a risk factor. What often begins as an innocent attempt to maximize an athlete's performance can result in an eating disorder. External pressures from parents, coaches, and teammates often push athletes to use extreme measures to alter their body composition and performance. The purpose of this thesis paper was to present the benefits of nutritional services for collegiate student athletes by highlighting the relationship between collegiate athletic participation and the potential development of an eating disorder.


This paper describes the purification of fibrino(geno)lytic enzymes from Agkistrodon blomhoffii ussuriensis venom in three chromatographic stages. Two single-stranded enzymes with molecular weight of 30 and 37 kDa were separated. Both toxins were purified using affinity, hydrophobic interaction and ion-exchange chromatography and were identified as metaloproteinase and serine protease respectively


When a few companies hold all the power in an industry, it gives them control overthe pricing of the products, immense financial reserves and the power to curb newcomers in the industry. This allows them to collect and use customer data for digital marketing which undermines the privacy of the customers. The effects of a monopoly have economic implications that may or may not be favorable.There are no universally accepted strategies on regulating them as committees in-charge of decision making(European union, US politicians and privacy activists) are not technically skilled enough to be able to control the misuse of power.


Large scale clustered continuous media (CM) servers deployed in applications like video-on-demand have high availability requirements. In the event of server failure, streams from the failed servers must be reassigned to healthy servers with minimum service disruption. Such servers may also suffer from periods of transient overload resulting from a high degree of customer interactivity. For example, in a video-on-demand system if a large number of users are viewing a favorite game, many of them could simultaneously request a replay of an interesting part of the game. This requires a large number of "interactive" channels within a short period of time and can result in a transient server overload. In this paper we propose solutions for graceful recovery from overload scenarios arising out of server failure or customer interactions. Rapid resource reclamation is key to overload tolerance, and our proposed solution is based on rate adaptive stream merging and content insertion techniques. We also utilize conventional time-sharing techniques to handle transient overload. We show that while merging is necessary for achieving overload tolerance, it is not sufficient, and for a complete solution, content insertion is required. Specifically, we consider a general clustered CM server architecture model where multiple servers can fail simultaneously. We develop a model for resource shortfalls that occur as a result of overload on failure. We also describe optimal polynomial time algorithms for recovering resources to the maximum extent possible, by clustering streams in real time.


Purpose – Presents findings of a recent survey conducted on small to mid‐sized nonprofit organizations about the types of leadership development initiatives they offer employees.Design/methodology/approach – Survey and interview methods used to collect data from nonprofit executive directors who participated in this study.Findings – Most survey participants do not have the financial and other organizational capacities to offer leadership development initiatives to employees. In‐service workshops are the most frequent type of initiative and unfortunately often this learning initiative has a low impact given its limited short‐term exposure to participants. Other leadership development initiatives may be more beneficial to employees in terms of their long‐term impact.Practical implications – Provides recommendations for small to mid‐sized nonprofit executive directors about ways to fund leadership development initiatives.Originality/value – Offers nonprofit executive directors with suggestions about not inve...


Recent popularity of smartphones drives rapid growth in the demand for cellular network bandwidth. Unfortunately, due to the centralized architecture of cellular networks, increasing the physical backhaul bandwidth is challenging. While content caching in the cellular network could be beneficial, relatively few characteristics of the cellular traffic is known to come up with a highly-effetive caching strategy. In this work, we provide insight into flow and content-level characteristics of modern 3G traffic at a large cellular ISP in South Korea. We first develop a scalable deep flow inspection (DFI) system that can manage hundreds of thousands of concurrent TCP flows on a commodity multicore server. Our DFI system collects various HTTP/TCP-level statistics and produces logs for analyzing the effectiveness of conventional Web caching, prefix-based Web caching, and TCP-level redundancy elimination (RE) without a single packet drop at a 10~Gbps link. Our week-long measurements of over 370 TBs of the 3G traffic reveal that standard Web caching can reduce download bandwidth consumption up to 27.1% while simple TCP-level RE can save the bandwidth consumption up to 42.0% with a cache of 512~GB of RAM. We also find that applying TCP-level RE on the largest 9.4% flows eliminates 68.4% of the total redundancy. Most of the redundancy (52.1%~58.9%) comes from serving the same HTTP objects while the contribution by aliased URLs is up to 38.9%.


Abstract The article deals with the testing results of a four stroke four cylinder, DI diesel engine operating on pure rapeseed oil (RO) and its 2.5vol%, 5vol% and 7.5vol% blends with ethanol (ERO) and petrol (PRO). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of ethanol and petrol addition to RO on blend viscosity, percentage changes in brake mean effective pressure (bmep), brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc), the brake thermal efficiency (ce) of a diesel engine and its emission composition, including NO, NO2, NOX, CO, CO2, HC and the smoke opacity of exhausts. The addition of 2.5, 5 and 7.5vol% of ethanol and the same percentage of petrol into RO, at a temperature of 20 °C, diminish the viscosity of the blends by 9.2%, 21.3%, 28.3% and 14.1%, 24.8%, 31.7% respectively. Heating biofuels up to a temperature of 60 °C, diminishes the kinematic viscosity of RO, blends ERO2.5–7.5 and PRO2.5–7.5 4.2, 3.9–3.8 and 3.9–3.7 times accordingly. At a speed of 1400–1800 min‐1, bmep higher by 1.3% if compared ...


We study theoretically the Josephson effect in d-wave superconductor/diffusive normal metal/insulator/diffusive normal metal/d-wave superconductor (D/DN/I/DN/D) junctions. This model aims to describe practical junctions in high-TC cuprate superconductors, in which the product of the critical Josephson current (IC) and the normal state resistance (R) (the so-called ICR product) is very small compared to the prediction of the standard theory for clean d-wave superconductor/insulator/d-wave superconductor (DID) junctions. We show that the ICR product in D/DN/I/DN/D junctions can be much smaller than that in DID junctions. The proposed theory describes the behavior of ICR products quantitatively in high-TC cuprate junctions.


Higher vocational education has its obviously professional attributes and characteractics.For building teaching quality ensurence system of higher vocational school,we should have perfect inner ensurence system,and also opening external quality evaluation and managemant system.Being actively concerned with the control of teaching quality by the joining of corporations,vocations and the society is of great importance.


The implementation and smooth functioning of e-administration depends on many technical and organizational factors but also on psychosocial factors, including the sense of fear. In this paper, the authors treat fear as a subjective and perceptible sense of threat. They recognize that employees may express various concerns. Previous research has shown that employees may be afraid of losing their jobs as a result of implementing e-administration. The introduction of technology brings with it the threat of dehumanization. There are also numerous concerns that the development of modern technologies will not ensure adequate economic growth because it will be too slow. This paper discusses issues related to the fear of the changes taking place in the present, in particular those related to the introduction of modern technologies, as well as problems related to the possibility of reducing unethical behavior. The research has been carried out in local administration offices using a qualitative research procedure. The results of the research indicate the existence of relationships between the quality of e-administration and fears or threats experienced or perceived by employees. If e-administration does not simplify work and does not reduce employees' workload, the only fears are employees' fear of change and their inability to master new information technologies. The data obtained allow management practitioners to overcome barriers related to the implementation of e-administration.


The most commonly used medium access mechanism in WLAN is based on the CSMA/CA protocol. This protocol schedules properly the access to the medium among all competing nodes. However, in a hostile environment, such as wireless local area networks (WLANs), selfish or greedy behaving nodes may prefer to decline the proper use of the protocol's rules in order to increase their bandwidth shares at the expense of well behaving nodes. In this paper, we focus on one such misbehavior and in particular on the adaptive greedy misbehavior of a node in the context of wireless local area network environment. In such environment, wireless nodes compete to gain access to the medium and communicate directly with an access point (AP). In this case, a greedy node may violate the common rules in order to earn extra bandwidth upon its neighbors. In order to avoid its detection, this node may adopt intelligently different techniques and switch dynamically between each of them. To counter such a misbehavior, we propose the use of a fuzzy logic technique in a new detection scheme. This scheme, implemented in the access point, monitors the behavior of associated wireless nodes and reports any deviation from the proper use of the CSMA/CA protocol. The simulation results of the proposed scheme show its robustness and ability to detect and identify quickly most of the deviations of an adaptive cheater.


This article questions a widely shared assumption that posits the incompatibility of religious politics and democracy. Using evidence from an analytically significant case, Belgium, it explores the political and institutional conditions under which religiously motivated aliberal political actors integrate successfully into democratic institutions. The interaction of three factors is shown to be crucial: a political shift affecting the religious actor negatively, the existence of competitive institutions, and a centralized religious structure. The main theoretical implication is that democratic consolidation can be the contingent outcome of self-interested political strategy rather than the result of the pursuit of normative principles. The article underlines the institutional and political context in which religious movements are embedded (as opposed to their political theologies) and the centrality of agency and strategic calculation. It advocates placing the study of religion and politics in a more broad theoretical perspective and the study of democratization in a wider historical context.


1. Abstract Two modelling challenges were encountered while building a data-driven predictive map of geothermal potential for the Great Basin in the western United States. The first was that many of the input evidence layers that represent young faults or active tectonics were not conditionally independent with regards to geothermal training sites. The second was that a significant portion of the Great Basin is underlain by regional groundwater aquifers that are known to impede the formation of surface hot springs, thus potentially biasing the statistical weights of evidence layers relative to known geothermal systems. The conditional-dependency issue was resolved by combining some evidence layers together to form hybrid evidence maps based on quantitative or qualitative relationships among the data, and logistic regression was used to minimize some remaining conditional dependencies. The effect of groundwater aquifers was mitigated by defining the initial study area of the model as outside the known aquifers and then projecting posterior probability into the aquifer regions by matching unique conditions of the input evidence maps. The logistic-regression model predicts 23.3 +/0.2 geothermal systems in the aquifer regions while only 18 are known, suggesting that the aquifers regions are either under-explored or are concealing some geothermal systems.


A laser stabilization scheme is demonstrated with 40-dB noise reduction and sub-kHz ILW using an integrated carrier-tracking Si3N4 stress-optic modulator to replace the AOM and EOM for PDH locking to an integrated Si3N4 reference cavity.


Results by Harmon et. al. from Brigham Young University (BYU) showing sulfur losses during x-ray analysis has caused considerable controversy. Cahill and Flocchini from the University of California in Davis, CA have used both particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) very successfully for sulfur analyses since 1970 and herein present reasons for the possible poor results obtained by Harmon et. al. Three reasons given for the poor results reported from BYU are: 1) the energy deposition in their targets is high due to their low proton energy and high beam fluxes, giving target temperatures as high as 225/sup 0/C; 2) the group from BYU often uses aqueous extracts of particles for targets in their vacuum chamber; and 3) the group often analyzes fresh and possibly reactive samples from power plant and smelter plumes. These reasons make the results from BYU not applicable to most PIXE and XRF systems and most ambient or environmental samples. A rebutal of the reasons presented by the authors from Davis by the group from BYU is presented. The group from BYU does not completely disagree with the people from Davis but neither is there a complete resolution of the question of sulfurmore » losses.« less


Measurement of cost-size relationships for farming has long been an important area of research in agricultural economics. Much of this research has had a farm management and production economics orientation, and firm-industry interdependencies have often been ignored. Research results stemming from such an orientation should be interpreted with care when used for policy purposes. Pecuniary externalities may be of greater importance than indicated by research to this time. A suggestion is made for treating induced technical change as comparable to a pecuniary externality. Questions are raised on both theoretical and empirical grounds whether farming in the United States should be considered a constant cost industry for policy purposes.


We report the enhanced fluctuation-induced conductivity of Be-doped Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca3−xBex Cu4O12−δ (x=0,0.5,0.75,1.0,1.25,1.5) samples. The analysis has been done with partial substitution of Be in place of Ca. In each case excess conductivity has been analyzed and we tried to make a fit with the Aslamasov–Larkin (AL) and Lawrence–Doniach equations. It is observed that our data fit well with the three-dimensional (3D) AL equation, and a crossover from two dimensions to three dimensions has been found in our samples. We have also employed this transition to estimate the Josephson coupling strength in our samples. This interlayer coupling strength J, which controls the superconducting transition, has been found to improve with increased Be content. The Ginzburg–Landau coherence lengths ξc(0) for all cases have also been calculated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption measurements also provide a clue for the enhanced 3D fluctuations. The higher electronegativity, as well as smaller ...


Proximate composition, proportions of energy contribution and utilizable energy due to protein from proximate composition, total energy determination, mineral composition and their calculated ratios and mineral safety index were determined in five edible insects. The insects were bee brood, snoult beetle, termite soldier, silkworm larva and silkworm pupa. The following values were relatively high among the samples (g/100g dry weight): total ash, 4.06 8.78; crude protein, 18.2 20.3; crude fat, 11.8 49.0; carbohydrate, 14.0 50.6; also, energy ranged from 1567-2369 kJ/100g with significant differences occurring in crude fat, carbohydrate and energy. Proportion of total energy due to fat was highest in bee brood (B2) (76.5 %), silkworm larva (SWL) (50.3 %) and silkworm pupa (SWP) (53.3 %) but carbohydrate predominated in snout beetle (P2) (51.2 %) and termite soldier (T2) (53.5 %). The utilizable energy due to protein values were close at values of 8.05 11.8 with a mean value of 10.8 ± 1.58. Bomb calorimeter energy determination was better than the calculated energy in 80.0 % of the samples. The samples were high sources of Na, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, P but low in Ca, Cu, Pb and Cd. Some mineral ratios were high: Zn/Cd, 22 323; Fe/Cu, to 128; Zn/Cu, to 323 but low in Ca/Mg, Na/K, Na/Mg and [K/ (Ca + Mg)]. All the mineral safety index values were within the non-deleterious levels except for Zn in all the samples, Fe and P in sample P2.


Autonomy is a critical aspect of early childhood development. This article will introduce the concept of autonomy in the early years, as presented by philosophers such as Rousseau, Montessori and Steiner. The article will also examine how young children cultivate a sense of autonomy and possible influences that impact upon their development. Finally, I will critically reflect on autonomy in relation to my own childhood and in relation to diverse contexts.


A global criterion on education of Chinese medicine should be established to guarantee the inside quality of internationalization of Chinese medicine education. This may directly influence the whole level of medical practice and balancing development of Chinese medicine all over the world. This is also an important pledge for keeping complete and unique nature of theories of Chinese medicine during its entry into the world. International criterion of Chinese medicine education should include many aspects such as educational objectives and target,educational plan and method,student examination,teaching faculty,teaching evaluation,teaching resources and educational administration etc. which all take education of Chinese medicine as the common core. Establishment of the criterion should be based on the understanding of nurturing qualified professionals,taking into consideration not only objective reality in different countries and regions but also development of internationalization of Chinese medicine in the future. Therefore colleges and universities of Chinese medicine in mainland China should play a more leading role in selecting sound talent nurturing modes.


This paper describes a strategy carried out in the Polytechnic School of Zamora (University of Salamanca, Spain) in order to reduce the number of questions which remained unanswered on math examinations at first engineering courses. Within the classroom group of students, a subgroup of students having mathematical difficulties was detected and established as an experimental group, remaining the rest of the students as a control group. An active and participatory work methodology based on paper-and-pencil exercises was carried out with this experimental group. Under the professor's guidance and supervision, but essentially being themselves the main actors, these students should work in extra classroom sessions using exams and reports from previous years, confronting the mathematical difficulties in a progressive way until reaching their full understanding. The results of the experience show an important increase of the students' assistance to examinations, an improvement of qualifications, and an important and statistically significant decrease of questions which stayed unanswered compared with the control group. Overall, both students and the teacher consider that these participatory classes constitute a useful strategy to encourage students' confidence in their capabilities, and to address the subject with a better chance of success. The quantitative data presented validate these claims.


Geographic ranges of 968 marine species along coastal areas of the Americas, excluding the Arctic, were analysedfor co-ranges and compared with recent classifications of coastal marine and wave climates. Forty-two co-ranges and thirty-nine characteristic endpoints are reported. Many faunal boundaries correspond to those of previous studies, and thirty of the thirty-nine characteristic endpoints coincide with transition regions of the physical environment previously determined through analysis of motion fields of marine and atmospheric fluids. The hydrodynamics of the coastal marine environment give rise to the extant thermal structure of coastal waters and as such to the faunal distributional patterns exhibited. The high level of coincidence between biotic and abiotic zones of change along the coast clearly merits the use of both coastal marine fauna and the hydrodynamics of adjacent waters to establish the marine provinces of the coastal environment.


Fast and reliable typing of amyloid is essential for prognosis and treatment of a patient after amyloid has confirmed to be present. Immunohistochemistry is helpful for correct typing of amyloid in biopsies, but frequently fails to distinguish unambiguously between AL and ATTR type. Guanidine extraction of amyloid from fat tissue enables immunochemical detection and quantification of the characterizing protein. This approach has been successful in the typing of AA and ATTR amyloid [1,2]. Apart from typing, the quantitative results may reflect the severity of amyloid deposition in tissue during the course of the disease. Therefore, two indirect ELISAs were developed for lambda and for kappa free light chain, their diagnostic performances studied for typing of AL amyloid, and the quantitative results related to the semiquantitative grading of amyloid in Congo red-stained fat aspirates. Materials and methods


Technologies that burn municipal solid waste (MSW) with energy recovery have come a long way in the past 100 years. Although the last new MSW-processing waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities constructed in the United States commenced operations in 1996, recent years have witnessed a renaissance of interest and activity, some of it in traditional mass-burn combustion but more in new conversion technologies. This presentation will provide an update on these renewable energy technologies and highlight several projects under development.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


In a recent discussion of conscience exceptions in medicine, Julian Savulescu writes: If people are not prepared to offer legally permitted, efficient, and beneficial care to a patient because it conflicts with their values, they should not be doctors." (1) Such strong statements have an appeal for anyone who laments that reproductive health services may be available de jure but in some parts of the United States are unavailable de facto. As individual pharmacists, free-standing pharmacies, and national chain stores refuse to dispense the emergency contraception approved by the Food and Drug Administration, this longtime advocate of a woman's right to choose finds Savulescu's unqualified declaration momentarily refreshing. But only momentarily. During the Vietnam war, I applauded conscientious objectors; I wished that women could be drafted so that we too could conscientiously object to an immoral war. Now, having argued elsewhere that some common medical practices (cosmetic surgeries for children and withdrawals of life support from nondying adults (2)) are at best overused and at worst mistaken, I respect professionals who sometimes decide they should not deliver the service they are asked to perform. We applaud employees who blow the whistle on unsafe or unethical practices in corporations. By conscientiously objecting to practices that are often ingrained in the cultures of their chosen professions, they do society a service. Surely when it comes to medicine, a field that often finds itself in the thick of ethical quandaries, we should encourage practitioners to draw upon their own moral convictions. To do otherwise would treat medical professionals as automatons instead of moral agents. It would also perpetuate a sort of self-induced myopia in which medical professionals act as if their field embraces a monolithic moral worldview in the midst of a culturally, religiously, and ethically diverse society. A society that accepts pluralism and diversity in its members' religious beliefs and moral commitments should not require people to behave in ways that go against deeply held convictions. In most of the nation's educational and employment settings, we eschew arrangements that would ask people to change their religious practices. Christians, Jews, Moslems, and Sikhs may dress as their religions urge their adherents to do. With rare exceptions, employers must accommodate their employees' religious observances and may not compel people to work on days and at times their religions proscribe. If a member of a health profession demonstrates that the tenets of his religion preclude performing actions that end embryonic, fetal, or born human life, then society should bear the burden of justifying why an individual should be expected to behave in ways that go counter to religious or ethical beliefs. The idea that, unlike most professionals, health care providers leave their personal moral beliefs at the door when they go to work and simply provide any service that is safe and legal does not reflect the daily experience of medial practitioners or provide a model that society expects them to adhere to. Physicians and staff who aid patients and families to remove feeding tubes are making moral, not merely medical, assessments of pain, suffering, and the benefits and burdens of continued life. To say otherwise denies that society often seeks and honors the moral voice of the professional. Allowing for conscientious objection legitimates this voice both for those who refuse to provide certain services and those who administer them on a regular basis. We must therefore devise short- and long-term solutions that permit patients to receive care we have deemed legal while permitting physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other health professionals to excuse themselves from performing some activities, even as they continue to provide the many remaining services their patients need. But if the dissenting professional is to earn respect for her or his conscientious stance, the professional should be prepared--as was the conscientious objector or the civil rights advocate--to incur some obligations and to accept some hardships. …


There are two kinds of piezoelectric pumps: check valve pumps and valve-less pumps. Whether to use a check valve or not depends upon the application occasion. To achieve large backpressure for higher flow rates, the pump with check valve is desirable. However, adding check valves implies more complex structure and higher probability of valve blocking, etc. In order to solve the problem, effective driving and transport mechanics with compact construction and reliable service are being sought. In this paper, using the second-order longitudinal vibration mode of a bar-shaped piezoelectric vibrator for driving fluid, a piezoelectric pump is successfully made. The proposed piezoelectric pump consists of coaxial cylindrical shells and a bar-shaped piezoelectric vibrator, which has a disk part and a cone part. The lead zirconium titanate ceramic rings fixed in the vibrator are polarized along the thickness direction. When the second-order longitudinal vibration of the vibrator along its axis is excited, the disk part of the vibrator changes periodically the volume of the chamber and the cone part acts as a pin valve, driving the fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port. Finite elements analysis on the proposed pump model is carried out to verify its operation principle and design by the commercial FEM software ANSYS. Components of the piezoelectric pump were manufactured, assembled, and tested for flow rate and backpressure to validate the concepts of the proposed pump and confirm the simulation results of modal and harmonic analyses. The test results show that the performance of the proposed piezoelectric pump is about 910 mL/min in flow rate with a highest pressure level of 1.5 kPa under 400 V peak-to-peak voltage and 51.7 kHz operating frequency. It is confirmed that this bar-shaped piezoelectric transducer can be effectively applied in fluid transferring mechanism of pump through this research.


The prototypical examples of extreme trauma that precede posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in North America are perhaps combat in men and rape in women. Of course, many other extreme traumas can lead to PTSD symptoms; from an international perspective, torture is a particularly noteworthy one. Despite the emergence of democracy in many countries over the past decade, there is continued suffering amongst survivors of torture inflicted during past regimes, and torture continues unabated in many other parts of the world. The involvement of psychiatrists and other health care professionals in studying and treating torture is not, however, uncontentious. Some have argued that torture is a political and social phenomenon, and that any "medicalization" therefore involves unacceptable reductionism. Similarly, examining PTSD symptoms in torture survivors seems to suggest that such responses to trauma are abnormal, and ends up blaming the victim. On the other hand, scientific documentation of the medical consequences of the practice of torture may be used to help bring political pressure to bear on ending it. Given the prevalence and severity of such consequences, clinicians are in fact faced with the practical problem of how best to help survivors. Furthermore, it is increasingly accepted that like other medical disorders, PTSD may involve vulnerability factors; this in no way implies blameworthiness. Two recent volumes provide the clinician with good overviews on working with torture survivors. Torture and Its Consequences: Current Treatment Approaches, edited by Basoglu, has been available for some time, but has recently been released in soft cover. Caring for Victims of Torture, edited by Jaranson and Popkin, is published by American Psychiatric Press. Basoglu's volume is the more comprehensive; it has seven sections, covering the sequelae of torture, theories about the psychobiology of severe stress, assessment and diagnostic issues, rehabilitation programs, psychotherapy, experiences from particular countries, and ethical and legal issues. Contributors are drawn from throughout the world, and chapters provide a wide range of perspectives. Thus, contributions include chapters on refugees, on torture in prisoners of war, on the survivors of the Holocaust and their children, and on sexual torture. Basoglu bravely attempts to synthesize the animal literature on uncontrolled and unpredictable stress and the human experience of torture, while treatment chapters include cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic perspectives. Unfortunately, this volume appears not to have been updated since it was first published; while the bulk of the book remains very useful, some chapters are dated. Jaranson and Popkin's more concise and up-to-date book covers many of the same areas; it has sections on the history and politics of torture, identifying and defining sequelae, assessment and treatment, psychotherapy, experiences from particular countries, and ethical issues. The section on sequelae includes contributions from authors who support the idea of a "torture syndrome" as an entity related to PTSD, and those who caution that this is an oversimplification. In the sections on assessment, treatment, and psychotherapy, although contributors acknowledge the very limited scientific database, a range of clinically valuable information is presented about the application of behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, and pharmacotherapeutic principles to the care of survivors of torture. Overall, the authors are optimistic that clinicians can in fact help such patients. Many questions remain in this area. Some contributors (Genefke and Vesti) assert that it is the "strong personalities" who are more likely to be tortured; does this imply that survivors of torture, particular in countries where democracy has triumphed, will ultimately do well? What is the effect of retributive justice, or country-wide amnesty for torturers, on psychopathology in survivors of trauma and torture? What are the appropriate and optimal responses to discoveries of medical complicity in torture? As many of the contributors point out, however, given the political nature of torture, a simple call for more research is unlikely to succeed. Thoughtful syntheses of clinical experience, as exemplified in many of the contributions in these two volumes, remain paramount. ISfi£l


psychiatric patients are considered extremely vulnerable in a pandemic for a multitude of disease-specific, comorbid, and sociodemographic reasons Based on the experience of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University Hospital of LMU Munich, psychiatric hospitals/units cannot only substantially contribute to the care of patients with mental disorders suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also attend to non-psychiatric COVID-19 positive patients in the need of hospitalization but not intensive care The Munich Psychiatric COVID-19 Pandemic Contingency Plan (MPCPCP) offers guidance on how to position psychiatry in such critical and challenging times In summary, psychiatric services are an essential part of medicine and this does not change during a pandemic;on the contrary, we believe that they are as important as or even more important than during the onslaught of a pandemic like COVID-19 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Arab Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Arab Federation of Psychiatrists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


Despite progress in reducing alcohol-impaired crashes, the drunk driving problem will not be solved until changes are made in the public's beliefs and attitudes toward drinking and driving. We need to strengthen a social norm (standard of behavior) that says that people should not drive while impaired or let others do so. One way to do this is by using values that are already important to people and associating them with the anti-DWI norm. This will allow people to avoid impaired driving based on their own values, thus establishing a foundation for behavior that is more resistant to outside influence and change. Data were collected through in-depth discussions and focus groups with 18-29 year-old drivers who drink alcohol. Information was collected on those things which were most valued in respondents' lives, and the settings and situations in which their drinking and driving occurs. They were also asked whether countermeasures such as designated drivers are practical given their drinking and driving patterns.


The ever-increasing penetration of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) in the power system and the need for voltage control and frequency support services impose new requirements on PVPPs, extending the functionalities of existing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. Accordingly, a considerable number of flexible power point tracking (FPPT) algorithms are introduced in the literature. The aim of such algorithms is to regulate the PV power to a specific value rather than continuously track the maximum power point. This power reference value is calculated based on the operation condition and grid requirements. This paper provides a short description of several available FPPT algorithms in the literature, and studies various features of each algorithm. The dynamic performance of the investigated algorithms is compared using experimental tests on a scaled-down prototype. The comparison reveals that the FPPT algorithms with direct calculation of the voltage reference, which corresponds to the required power reference, provide better performance in all aspects.


The dynamin family of proteins are required for numerous membrane fission and remodeling events throughout the eukaryotic cell. Dynamin is involved in the final stages of fission during clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, caveolae internalization, and vesiculation from the Golgi and recycling endosome, while Drp1 (dynamin‐related protein 1) is necessary for mitochondrial division. During membrane fission, dynamin or Drp1 is believed to wrap around the constricted site to facilitate vesiculation or organelle division. In support of this model purified dynamin has been shown to self‐assemble into spirals (50 nm diameter) and readily form dynamin‐lipid tubes, which constrict and fragment upon addition of GTP. The three‐dimensional structures of dynamin in the constricted and non‐constricted states were solved by cryo‐electron microscopy methods. Placement of the GTPase and Pleckstrin Homology crystal structures into the cryo‐EM densities revealed a twisting motion that suggests a corkscrew model for dynamin constriction. We are currently examining the structure and function of the Drp1 homologue in yeast, Dnm1, to determine if a common mechanism of action exists among dynamin family members. In collaboration with Dr. Jodi Nunnari (UC Davis), we have shown that Dnm1 assembles into large spirals with a diameter of ~110 nm, which is a similar diameter to the observed mitochondrial constriction sites seen in vivo. Dnm1 also assembles onto lipid and forms Dnm1 decorated tubes that constrict significantly upon GTP addition. A preliminary 3D map of Dnm1‐lipid tubes reveals a slightly different architecture to dynamin. For example, the Dnm1 map lacks a strong inner radial density near the lipid bilayer, which correlates well with the absence of a pleckstrin homology domain in Dnm1. Overall, these results suggest that although dynamin family members share common mechanochemical properties, the structure of each member vary to fit their unique function.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background Opportunity to redefine the care journeys for those living with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) includes facilitating access to enhanced (PBC-dedicated) programmes by nonspecialist risk 'flagging' of patients. Objective To develop a nonexpert PBC stratification tool to help care pathway choices (standard vs. enhanced) choices in PBC. Methods We included ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with PBC from the Global PBC Study Group. The performance of baseline and 1-year clinical markers with transplant-free survival was assessed to develop the 'ABA' tool using Age (A), Bilirubin (B), and Alkaline phosphatase (A). Added value of fibrosis estimation was assessed. Results 'ABA' classification mapped three risk groups (n = 2226): low [Age > 50 years, bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤ 3 × ULN], high (Age ≤ 50 years, bilirubin > 1 × ULN, ALP > 3 × ULN), and intermediate (other). Transplant-free survival at 10 years in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 89, 77, and 59% at baseline and 86, 76, and 40% at 1 year, respectively. We propose that high-risk patients at baseline be directly triaged to enhanced (PBC-dedicated) care and the remaining be reassessed at 1 year. Modelling showed after 1 year 46% patients were proposed to enhanced care and 54% to standard care. The 'ABA' mapped pathways facilitated identification of patients at risk based on a young age, as compared to traditional liver biochemical stratification. In patients proposed to standard care, estimated fibrosis stage had ongoing prognostic value. Conclusion Nonspecialist use of the 'ABA' risk tool could prioritize care journey choices for patients with PBC.


[Objective] The propose of study was to provide the theoretical basis for rational utilization of transgenic plant.[Method] The 4th~5th instar larvae of gypsy moth were fed by the leaves of triploid transgenic Chinese white poplar of transferring Bt gene and arrowhead proteinase inhibitor gene and the activities of several detoxification enzymes of gypsy moth were determined.[Result] The activity of intestine esterase in larvae was increased at first,arrived at the highest after fed with transgenic Chinese white poplar for 24 h and decreased after 48 h.The activities of glutathione-S-transferase(GST) rose all the time.The activities of intestine esterase in larvae after fed by the leaves of transgenic Chinese white poplar Pb1,Pb33 and Pb47 for 48 h were 62.9 %,70.7 % and 74.5 % of that of CK and the activities of GST in larvae after fed by the leaves of transgenic Chinese white poplar Pb1,Pb33 and Pb47 for 24 h were 25.7 %,27.7 % and 17.9 % lower than that of CK.[Conclusion] The detoxification enzymes system in the midgut of larvae was changed and further toxic reaction of Bt protein could take place,which may be one of the important mechanisms of poisoning the pests by Bt transgenic Chinese white poplar.


Aims and background This study aimed to describe the mammographic and sonographic features of tubular carcinoma of the breast. Methods A retrospective review of 198 consecutive cases of surgically proven breast cancer revealed ten cases of tubular carcinoma of the breast. Only tumors with a tubular component of at least 75% were included in the study. Mean patient age was 56 ± 9 years, range 35 to 70 years. Results The mean size of the tumors was 11 ± 4 mm. On mammography, all tubular carcinomas appeared as an irregularly shaped mass with a central density in 6/10 cases. Eight tubular carcinomas were described as having spiculated margins. Microcalcifications were present in 4/10 cases. On ultrasound the tumor presented as a hypoechoic mass with irregular margins and posterior acoustic shadowing in 7/10 cases. In three cases the tumor presented as a hypoechoic mass with ill-defined margins and posterior acoustic shadowing. Conclusions Although some specific mammographic and sonographic features may suggest the presence of a tubular carcinoma, the final differential diagnosis from other spiculated lesions of the breast should rely on histologic evidence only. Therefore, surgical biopsy should be recommended in all cases of stellate lesions of the breast detected at mammography or ultrasonogram.


The synthesis of 14 different macrocycles is reported. Upon reacting different formylphenoxyacetic acid derivatives with 5-aminopentanol and a diketo compound, eight different Doebner product intermediates were obtained. These intermediates were then subjected to cyclization by using polymer-bound carbodiimide to give macrolactones. Both the monomers and the dimers could be isolated and characterized. In some cases trimers could be seen from the HPLC-MS. The ratios and distribution of the different-sized rings are discussed.


Estuaries lie at the interface of land and sea, and are particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR). Understanding the impact of SLR on the long-term (order decades to centuries) morphodynamic evolution of estuaries is of great importance to successfully manage these areas, such as maintaining shipping routes and preserving ecosystems. An analysis of historical water level data at Vlissingen (Figure 1) between 1900 and present revealed that the mean sea level has been rising at about 2 mm/yr. Moreover, these data show that the amplitude of the dominant tidal constituent (M2) has been rising as well during this period (Figure 2), which most likely is caused by the rising mean sea level (Pickering et al. 2012, Idier et al, 2017). The specific aims of this study are 1) to investigate the impact of SLR (2 mm/yr) on long-term evolution of the Western Scheldt and its mouth region, 2) to systematically explore sensitivity of model results to different rates of SLR (0-10 mm/yr), and 3) to address the combined effect of SLR and changes in tidal characteristics on the evolution of the estuary. To this end, the coupled SWAN-Delft3D numerical model is used, which accounts for both flow and waves. A curvilinear grid is created, which extends from Ghent to 30 km seaward. As a wave climate, a highly simplified wave forcing (constant wave height, wave periods and wave direction) is considered. The methodology employed is that first the model is spun-up until a bathymetry is obtained that is comparable to observations. Subsequently, the latter bathymetry is used to address the objectives An important model result is that stronger tidal currents are crucial to prevent sedimentation in channels caused by SLR. This result and other findings will be discussed during the presentation.


This letter proposes a method to strictly prioritize switching access in just-enough-time (JET)-based optical burst switching networks. A queueing model is developed by which the blocking probability for each traffic class can be analytically evaluated. The analytical results are validated by simulations.


Analysis of the general dispersion equation of diffusion oscillatioms in real plasma indicated the presence of quasineutral waves for the cases where the Debian radius was of the order of 0.01 or 0.001 cm. The presence of electron waves propagating independentiy or ionic waves accompanied by electron motion was found in the weakly charged plasma with small Debian radius. (R.V.J.)


Objective To investigate the expression of gap junction protein connexin (Cx) 31.1 in human squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue cell line Tca8113 and its effect on gap junctional intercellular communication.Methods Cell culture,flow cytometer analysis and lucifer Yellow scrape loading and dye transfer were employed to detect the expression of Cx31.1 protein in Tca8113 and the regulatory effect on gap junctional intercellular communication treated by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA).Results After treated by HMBA,Tca8113 cell grew much slower than the untreated cell.Flow cytometer analysis found the positive rate of Cx31.1 in Tca8113 increased from 1.7% to 30.3%.Gap junction intracellular communication capacity recovered in HMBA-treated cells.Conclusion The anti-tumor effect of HMBA in Tca8113 may result from the up-regulation of Cx31.1 gene and recovery of Cx31.1-mediated qap junction intracellular communication(GJIC).


e22042 Background: The outcome of patients with advanced NSCLC with ALK fusions detected by ALK FISH has improved significantly when treated with crizotinib. ALK IHC*, which is a relatively inexpensive assay, correlates well with ALK FISH. An international ALK IHC project was initiated to formulate scoring standardization and assess reproducibility of an ALK IHC assay. Methods: Using ALK FISH status (Abbott, Des Plaines, IL) as the enrollment criteria, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors from 103 NSCLC patients from 6 different institutes were stained and analyzed for ALK protein expression using a recently developed fully automated ALK IHC assay (Ventana, Tucson, AZ). Seven international observers blindly assessed the specimens as "positive" or "negative" after two training sessions and the use of an assessment manual. Results: The agreement between ALK IHC and ALK FISH for evaluable cases where 4/7 or 6/7 readers agreed on ALK status was 92/98 cases (93.9%, 95%CI 87.3-97.2) and 90/96 cases (93.8%, 9...


The present invention, supporting and guiding the movable mold mounting plate (30) in the clamping direction of the plastic processing machine, a guide device for guide shoe of the mold clamping unit of plastics processing machine (1), said guide shoe ( 1) is attachable to the sliding and / or rolling elements has a base body (2) of the elongated in the mold clamping direction, and clamping substantially vertically spaced from the base body (2) has a direction connecting element extending in the (x-direction) (10), said coupling element have a fixed area for fixing the guide shoe (1) to the movable mold mounting plate (30) (12) to which the movable mold mounting plate (30), said a fixable to the fixing region (12) of solely the coupling element is separated from the substrate (2) (10), the coupling element (10 ) is Is formed as a form element (10), said deformable element (10) is substantially parallel to the bending axis relative to the mold clamping direction target bending binding region forming a region with respect to the center and the bending (B) (18) the is the coupled to the base body (2) through said deformable element (10) further forms a target torsion zone around the torsion axis disposed substantially perpendicular (T) with respect to the mold clamping direction and characterized in that it relates to guide apparatus for a guide shoe of the mold closing unit of plastic processing machinery.


Evaluation of the role of frequency spectrum, duration, temporal pattern of pulses and pulse form components in call discrimination behavior of H. regilla and H. cadaverina showed that pulse repetition rate is the only necessary component for effective discrimination. In each species the frequency of best hearing matches the dominant frequency of the call which optimizes detection of the calls but does not effect discrimination. MANY species of Anura maintain genetic integrity through ethological premating reproductive isolating mechanisms. This is largely accomplished by the ability of females to discriminate between mating calls of homospecific males and those of other sympatric species. Thus, encoding of species specific information in such calls and its analysis by the auditory system is essential. Straughan (1973) indicated that call discrimination by females was well established in some groups of frogs (i.e. Hylidae), but that the mechanisms of discriminatory behavior were not fully understood. Evidence from studies on neurophysiology and evoked vocal behavior of males of Rana catesbeiana indicated that the important component of the call was the dual peak power spectrum which was matched by a dual band pass frequency filter in the ear involving the amphibian and basillar papillae. Simultaneous stimulation of both papillae produced neurophysiological perception to correct vocal stimulus (Capranica, 1965). However, trials of female discrimination (Loftus-Hills and Littlejohn, 1971) indicated that the most important component for Litoria ewingi and L. verreauxi was pulse repetition rate. They argued that temporal components other than pulse repetition could not be encoded species specific information but they did not deal experimentally with each component. Generalization from these results are thus restricted to calls of the same basic structure.


Carrier lifetime measurements from photoconductivity (with constant current and constant voltage polarizations of the sample), diffusion photocurrent and open circuit photovoltage responses to transient carrier excitation are compared. Using analytical expressions, the key expressions, conditions of validity and applications of each method are discussed, assuming uniform carrier injection in an unidimensional sample of homogeneous material; the discussion is done taking into account the sample characteristics (width W, bulk lifetime τv, surface recombination velocities s1,2, minority carrier diffusion coefficient D, equilibrium majority carrier density p0), excess carrier density Δp, light pulse duration T and times t of the response considered. The experimental study especially deals with silicon samples up to W = 1 mm thick, illuminated by T = 2 ns to 30 ns laser beams. The responses to penetrating light (λ = 1.06 μm, α = 40 cm-1 in ordinary silicon, Δp = 10-4 to 102 p0) and strongly absorbed light (λ = 0.69 or 0.53 μm, α = 2 x 103 and 10 4 cm-1, beam intensity E0 = 10-4 to 103 mJ/cm2) are used to show the conditions under which the photoresponses observed lead to the same measured values of carrier lifetime and give bulk lifetime measurement.


PHILLIPIAN STAFF WRITER we expect when we tour abroad. The Leipziger Land Youth Philips cadey stdent wil be Orchestra is on a tour of our area with able to hear the youth orchestra and stops at tePk coladMrchoir, visiting from the Musik-und mack College, as well as at Andover. Kunstshule "Ottmar Gerster" of Under the direction of Ullrich Leipzig, Germany, tonight at 7 p.m. in Schliephake, the orchestra will also Coha Chael travel to Boston for a performnance and ~~~~7 Coc~~~~~~~~~~~~hea thry-el m bestig some sightseeing. It is the first youth orchestra and eleven member choir orchestra from the former East Gerwill be accompanied by the Treble many to visit the United States. It has Chors o NewEngand n prforing performed widely in Leipzig and the Elgar's The Snow," Stult's arrangesronigcut.TeOceta mentof "impl Gifs," ertax's founded in 1962, has 40 members with arrangeme nt of "To Music," and ages ranging from 13 to 22. Francks "Pans Angeicus."The Treble Chorus of New EngThe concert, which will be free for ladiatwnywoerodfru PA students and $10 for the general foteciglasalm icochpublic, will also feature other pieces drnbaeouofM rickClg. -performed by the two groups individuThe ninety children in the Chorus, ally. The "Ottmar Gerster" orchestra under the leadership of artistic director


A magneto-thermal inverse problem, dealing with the optimal design of an induction heating device, is proposed as a benchmark. The coupled-field problem is analysed by means of a higher order finite element method. Then the optimal design problem is solved in terms of the Pareto front trading off two conflicting objective functions.


Using Dvoretzky's theorem in conjunction with Bohm's picture of a quantum particle inside a guiding quantum wave akin to De Broglie-Bohm pilot wave we derive Einstein's famous formula E = mc2 as the sum of two parts E(O) = mc2/22 of the quantum particle and E(D) = m c2 (21/22) of the quantum wave where m is the mass, c is the speed of light and E is the energy. In addition we look at the problem of black holes information in the presence of extra dimensions where it seems initially that extra dimensions would logically lead to a hyper-surface for a black hole and consequently a reduction of the corresponding information density due to the dilution effect of these additional dimensions. The present paper argues that the counterintuitive opposite of the above is what should be expected. Again this surprising result is a consequence of the same well known theorem on measure concentration due to I. Dvoretzky. We conclude that there are only two real applications of the theorem and we expect that many more applications in physics and cosmology will be found in due course.


A parametric probability density for modelling income and other size distributions is presented. The distribution, named the double Paretolognormal or dPlN, is derived from a simple stochastic model for the evolution of individual incomes and the fact that the time that such an evolution will have been occurring will vary from individual to individual, and will follow a distribution reflecting the population's age-distribution. The dPlN distribution exhibits power-law (Pareto) behaviour in both tails and when plotted on logarithmic axes, its density exhibits hyperbolic-type behaviour. Good fits are shown for a number of income and earnings distributions. Its use in modelling other size distributions is also mentioned.


A method and system for transmitting electronic certificate, a point of sale(POS) machine and a near field communication (NFC) terminal based on NFC are disclosed in the present invention. The method includes that: a corresponding electronic certificate is generated by the POS machine according to payment information of the NFC terminal (S402); a point-to-point communication link is established by the POS machine and the NFC terminal (S404); and the electronic certificate is transmitted to the NFC terminal by the POS machine via the point-to-point communication link (S406). The present invention solves the problem that the user is inconvenient in using the consumer certificate, and provides convenience to the client to conserve and reimburse the paper, and therefore the electronic payment system is more perfect and convenient in use.


Fly motor vehicle wheel driving receives power by an electric motor. Rotation of the flywheel is initiated by an electric motor, and is maintained, the electric motor is powered alternately by a plurality of batteries (or set and to a battery). Charger assembly is connected to a plurality of batteries. In operation, one of the battery powers the electric motor, also be refilled while the other battery simultaneously.


In the recent decade, software development and debugging advancements have been greatly outpaced by the advancements in hardware design and integration. The largest portion of time spent in software development is testing and debugging. Symbolic debuggers, syntax directed editors, and high level language oriented breakpoint systems have helped reduce the time spent by software developers in debugging their programs. This is not the case for timing and load sensitive real-time software. Conventional breakpoint debuggers cause interference to the target system which alters critical timing and load characteristics. This renders them useless for real-time debugging. A non-interfering debugger is of major importance to the successful debugging of real-time software applications. Such a system must be comprised of both hardware and software components to ensure complete independence from target system resources. This paper discusses the creation of a bus cycle image simulator for a general purpose microprocessor based system. The simulator represents an extensible model of a microprocessor at the bus cycle level. It will be utilized in the research of the hardware and software components of a non-interfering debugger.


Finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) of multiphase (n-phase, n is assumed to be an odd number for simplicity) drives is challenging because of the large number of actual/virtual voltage vectors and the need for current control in (n–1)/2 subspaces (or planes; multiplane current control). Any suboptimal design (poor or no current control in some of the (n–1)/2 planes) may result in high individual plane current ripples, due to the low reactance. This work therefore investigates continuous-control-set (CCS) MPC for constant switching frequency multiphase motor drives as another alternative. The high-bandwidth CCS-MPC is designed to accurately account for system nonidealities, namely digital control and pulsewidth modulation delays, inverter dead time, and measurement noise. It will be shown that the CCS-MPC has the advantages of full voltage vector space access, regular switching characteristic, and improved cycle-by-cycle tracking control, while maintaining some of the known advantages of the FCS-MPC, e.g., intuitive cost function design, model-based control, and fast dynamics. The proposed control scheme is benchmarked experimentally against the classical, proportional-integral-based, field-oriented control in conjunction with an asymmetrical six-phase induction motor drive.


This paper deals with the implementation of a didac tic PWM power inverter for three phase induction motor control. Firstly, work was divided in the following stages: the isolation, the drivers, the power inve rter and the control source. The simulation was carried out in M atlab to determine the system behavior and for the generation of the waveforms which is finally implemented using the VHDL code in the control device (FPGA). A Matlab's Graphical User Interface was design to download the generated SPWM modulations to the control device allowing starting and braking. Finally the power in verter was tested with satisfactory results.


The aim of this paper is to assess the adaptation costs associated with the transition to a sustainable development path, taking the example of carbon dioxide emissions in the French economy. The model used is based on systems dynamics modelling and energy input-output analysis. This type of approach has the interesting property of precisely defining the nature of interactions between the different economic sectors, and between the economic sectors and the environment. This provides a framework within which to test different types of economic, technology and environment policy. In effect, according to our interests, it is necessary to measure problems of resources allocation or sequential choices between different alternatives why and how a particular solution comes to be selected from a multiplicity of alternatives. First, we characterise the methodological and conceptual specification of the model. Secondly, we locate specific properties of the model linked with both ecological sustainability and economic feasability constraints. Thirdly, a sensitivity test is applied concerning different control policy scenarios for the case of carbon dioxide emissions in the French economy.


With the strong emergence of open education such as MOOCs, the opportunities and contribution of non-formal learning to the acquisition of knowledge and skills have increased. This type of learning relying mainly on the motivation of the learners remains technically invisible to environments where formal learning is delivered. To respond to this challenge, we propose a MOOCs recommender system for formal learning platforms able to recommend the effective MOOCs to learners in the formal curriculum. This system is based on Siamese LSTM networks to measure the semantic similarity between courses description. Our model has achieved good results and is competitive with the state-of-the-art system.


Abstract:  The time required for short tandem repeat (STR) amplification is determined by the temperature ramp rates of the thermal cycler, the components of the reaction mix, and the properties of the reaction vessel. Multiplex amplifications in microfluidic biochip‐based and conventional tube‐based thermal cyclers have been demonstrated in 17.3 and 19 min, respectively. Optimized 28‐cycle amplification protocols generated alleles with signal strengths above calling thresholds, heterozygous peak height ratios of greater than 0.65, and incomplete nontemplate nucleotide addition and stutter of less than 15%. Full CODIS‐compatible profiles were generated using the Profiler Plus ID, COfiler and Identifiler primer sets. PCR performance over a wide range of DNA template levels from 0.006 to 4 ng was characterized by separation and detection on a microfluidic electrophoresis system, Genebench‐FX™. The fast multiplex PCR approach has the potential to reduce process time and cost for STR analysis and enables development of a fully integrated microfluidic forensic DNA analysis system.


The aim of the research was the estimation of wheat and rapeseed straw usefulness for fertilising plants in arable farming. The subject matter of the study was the analysis of the influence of soil fertilisation with wheat and rapeseed straw on the yield and changes in the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in winter wheat grain cultivars: Finezja and Ludwig. The static field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Experiment Station, Grabow, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute (51°21′ N, 21°40′ E) in the years 2008–2010 on Haplic Luvisol. The effect of fertilisation with wheat and rapeseed straw did not have a significant effect on grain yield of winter wheat cultivars 'Finezja' and 'Ludwig'. The introduction of complementary nitrogen fertilisation caused an increase in grain yield of wheat cultivar Ludwig. Organic fertilisation with wheat and rapeseed straw as well as complementary nitrogen fertilisation did not significantly differentiate the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in winter wheat grain cultivars 'Finezja' and 'Ludwig'.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-1863-1895?filename=ESTIMATION OF WHEAT STRAW.pdf


Linear polyethylenes TREATED BETTER SHOWING melt processability, thanks to the addition of certain surfactants. IMPROVED PARAMETERS BETWEEN THE TREATMENT IS REDUCED PRESSURE CHARGING, a pair REDUCED, REDUCED an engine load, a broken FUSION reduced or canceled, or combinations thereof. Such surfactants may be selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li and other ions ALKALI AND quaternary ammonium cations, said SURFACTANT substantially free of halogens.


The Demo III program has as its primary focus the development of autonomous mobility for a small rugged cross country vehicle. Enabling vision based terrain perception technology for classification of scene geometry and material is currently under development at JPL. In this paper we report recent progress on both stereo-based obstacle detection and terrain cover color-based classification. Our experiments show that the integration of geometric description and terrain cover characterization may be the key to enabling successful autonomous navigation in cross-country vegetated terrain.


In the last few years, i-line lithography has made remarkable progress. It is based on the development of high-contrast i-line resists and of high-NA lenses owing to improvement of the transmittance of glass for i-line. It is generally assumed that i-line steppers will play a major role in the production of 16 Mbit DRAMs. For half-micron production, CANON has developed a new i-line lens with a high NA of 0.52 and a wide image field 28.28 mm in diameter. This paper first reports on the image performance of this lens for half-micron, and then describes the distortion characteristics and magnification stability of the lens. In the last section, the possibility of i-line lithography of sub-half-micron referring to the experimental results on 0.4 micrometers L/S applications are discussed.


To what extent are perceptions of discrimination associated with religious affirmation among Muslim minorities in the Netherlands? Drawing on recent nationally representative surveys among self-identified Muslims from five ethnic groups in the Netherlands, we test boundary conditions of reactive religiosity. Our findings indicate that for Muslims from established immigrant groups, perceptions of discrimination are associated with more frequent religious attendance, but that this is not the case for Muslims from smaller, less established ethnic communities. Findings are interpreted using a boundary framework.


In the semiconductor IC(Integrated Circuit) package, the top surface of silicon chip is directly attached to the area of the leadframe with a double-sided adhesive layer, in which the base layer have the upper adhesive layer and the lower adhesive layer. The IC package structure has been known to encounter a thermo-mechanical failure mode such as delamination. This failure mode is due to the residual stress on the adhesive surface of silicon chip and leadframe in the curing-cooling process. The induced thermal stress in the curing process has an influence on the cooling residual stress on the silicon chip and leadframe. In this paper, for the minimization of the chip surface damage, the adhesive topologies on the silicon chip are studied through the finite element analysis(FEA).


This report gives an account of applying a health survey tool by the Pomona Group that earlier documented the process of developing a set of health indicators for people with intellectual disabilities in Europe. The Pomona health indicator set mirrors the much larger set of health indicators prepared by the European Community Health Indicators group for the general population in Europe. The 18 indicators are classified under four categories: demographic characteristics, health status, health determinants, and health systems. After 3 years of collaborative project activity, key areas have been identified to heighten the visibility of people with intellectual disabilities in the public health domain so as to address evident health inequalities or disparities.


Specimens of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA): poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PCTFE) polyblends with different weight percentage ratios were subjected to electron beam irradiation (1–10 Mrad). The effect of irradiation on the strength of the blend specimens was studied by measuring the surface microhardness using a Vicker's microhardness tester attached to a Carl Zeiss NU 2 Universal research microscope. Significant changes were observed in the Vicker's hardness number, Hv. An irradiation dose of 3 Mrad was found to enhance greatly the microhardness level of the specimens. An increase of approximately 78% in microhardness was observed as the radiation dose was increased from 1 to 3 Mrad. Electron irradiation was also found to induce crosslinking and degradation in the material. The degree of crosslinking was found to be maximum at a dose of 3 Mrad. Specimens incorporating 10 wt% PCTFE were found to exhibit the highest level of microhardness at all radiation doses.


In 1834-1835, Hamilton published two papers that revolutionized classical mechanics. In these papers, he introduced the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, Hamilton's equations of motion and the principle of least action. These three formulations of classical mechanics became the forerunners of quantum mechanics, but none of these is what Hamilton was looking for: he was looking for what he called the principal function, $S(q',q'',T)$, from which the entire trajectory history can be obtained just by differentiation. Here we show that all of Hamilton's formulations can be derived just by assuming that the principal function is additive, $S(q',q'',T)=S(q',Q,t_1)+S(Q,q'',t_2)$ with $t_1+t_2=T$. This simple additivity axiom can be considered the fundamental principle of classical mechanics and shows that analytical mechanics is essentially just a footnote to the problem of finding the shortest path between two points. The simplicity of the formulation could provide new perspectives on some of the major themes in classical mechanics including symplectic geometry, periodic orbit theory and Morse theory, as well as giving new perspectives on quantum mechanics. Moreover, it could potentially provide a unified description of different areas of physics, leading to insight for example, into the transition from deterministic dynamics to statistical mechanics.


Towards the end of DRIVE I, the DRIVE Safety Task Force expressed concern that ATT may reduce road safety and recommended a process of continual analysis and evaluation during product development and implementation. The end of the current programme in Transport Telematics provides an opportunity to review the situation three years later. This paper covers information gathered from the Pilot Projects (demonstrators) by the HOPES kernel project on safety evaluation. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.


In the following article, we have sought to highlight Cortázar's concept of the author-work-reader relationship. From his earliest novels, Cortázar revealed his intent to break with the established canon, with his most important work, Hopscotch, demonstrating this very rupture with respect to the traditional concept of the novel. Such an idea of fragmented stories that alternate with other types of discourse did, however, respond to what we believe is a more active type of participation from the reader who is beseiged by a variety of motives. This approach even leads the author to articulate different forms of discourse in which he can include "stories"k through frames, as is the case in Último round.


Pollination is essential for the proliferation of p lants that require biotic interactions to reproduce sexually. In the forest undcrstory, animal pollination is common and competition for flower visitors is often fierce. Flowers use traits such as color and smell to attract potential pollinators. Inevitably, some flower phenotypes draw in higher rates of visitation by pollinators than others. This paper investigates the effects of variation in patch size and color of Sweet Alyssum (lobularia maritima) on pollination rates. We analyzed fie ld data regarding the number of pollinator visits to large and small patches of both white and purple Alyssum. We observed twelve individual patches for ten minutes, three times a day, for eight days, providing 48 total hours of observation. The results showed a significant difference between mean visits of small and large patches as well as white and purple patches, with large patches and white patches both attracting more pollinators. The results of this analysis suggest that pollinators do prefer flowers in the forest understory based on the flowers' color and patch size. These results are important as they can be used to influence future studies of pollination and increase understanding of understory competition dynamics. I grant the Regents of the University of Michigan the non-exclusive right to retain, reproduce, and distribute my paper, titled in electronic formats and at no cost throughout the world. The University of Michigan may make and keep more than one copy of the Paper for purposes of security, backup, preservation and access, and may migrate the Paper to any medium or formal for the purpose of preservation and access in the future. Signed, ~J(~~~ Olivia Brinks Hailey Burns ~drew Greidanus 117~ Marjai Kamara Brinks, Burns, Greidanus, Kamara 2


The study aimed to know the differences of Vocational Interests between High school Students according to the dissimilarity of blood groups, the sample study formed from (3025) students female and male from both specializations Scientific and Literal, and to achieve the Goals of the Research the Researcher used (Holland) measure of Vocational interests, and the results of the study found out in the following results: Realistic Interests The existence of Statistical differences indication in the level(0,05) between the two blood groups(BA-),and other Blood groups for both(BA-)for all High School students, and according to the variable of Gender for females, and there are no differences between the students according to the Study specialization variable. Exploring Interests The existence of Statistical differences indication in the level (0,05) between the Blood group(AB+) and other Blood groups in the interest of (BA+) Blood group for all High School students sample according to the study Variable specialization in the interest of between Scientific Branch with no differences between the students for Gender variable. Artistic Interests The existence of Statistical differences indication in the Level(0,05) among (A+)Blood groups and other Blood groups in the interest of (A+) Blood group for the sample of all High school students according to the Gender Variable in the interest of females, with no differences between the students according to the study specialization.


It is often held to be definitive of consciousness that there is something it is like to be in a conscious state. A consensus has arisen that 'is like' in relevant 'what it is like' locutions does not mean 'resembles'. This paper argues that the consensus is mistaken. It is argued that a recently proposed 'affective' analysis of these locutions fails, but that a purported rival of the resemblance analysis, the property account, is in fact compatible with it. Some of the implications of this argument are briefly explored: it is suggested that the meaning of 'what it's like' does not, in itself, have any special bearing on consciousness, and that the implications for the so-called 'hard problem' of consciousness are deflationary.


Biomedical ultrasound has seen remarkable advances in recent years. By utilizing the properties of nonlinear acoustics, diagnostic ultrasound has shown increased applicability to a wide number of clinical conditions and pathologies. Techniques such as harmonic imaging and the use of ultrasound contrast agents (stabilized microbubbles) have enabled such long‐sought goals as noninvasive determination of myocardial perfusion to be clearly within our grasp. Advancements in semiconductor miniaturization have led to the construction of ultrasonic scanners that are now hand‐held, and together with telemedicine techniques, it is now reasonable to expect that diagnostic ultrasound will soon be the doctor's stethoscope. An even more promising future is seen for therapeutic ultrasound. Although the mechanism is not yet clearly understood, ultrasound can transiently permeabilize cell membranes, thus permitting the delivery of therapy to specific sites within the body; indeed, together with drug‐carrying ultrasound co...


A thesis submitted to Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics as a partial fulfillment for the requirement of Masters of Science Degree in Management Specialization in Total Quality Management and Organizational Excellence


Relation algebra has been studied in mathematics and logic for more than one and half century. In the recent twenty years, relation algebra has been found to be a useful tool in computer science and software engineering. An simple example is that a program is viewed as a binary relation with input as domain and output as codomain. Allegory theory is an abstraction of relations just as category theory to functions. Roughly speaking, an allegory consists of a collection of abstract relations and an interface dom, , ∩, ;. Proving things in allegory theory is not an easy task. In general, Bird and de Moor observe recently that " the calculus of relations has gained a good deal of noteriety for the apparently enormous number of operators and laws one has to memorise in order to do proofs effectively. " Decision Procedure There is no normal form for expressions in allegories, but for a certain graphical representation, normal forms do exist. Therefore, the first step is to convert both sides of an equation to graphs. The implementation of converting is similar to ShowS in Haskell, which converts an expression in linear time. The conversion rules are shown here: The decision procedure decides whether an equation L = R is valid in all allegories. It starts with converting both sides to graphs, and then reduces these graphs to normal forms. Reducing a graph is to find another graph which contains less nodes and is both a sub-object and a quotient-object of the given graph. A normal form of a graph cannot be reduced further. The last step is to test whether there exists an isomorphism between the two normal forms. This is known to be an NP-complete problem. Therefore, the computation could be expensive.


Sir, The comment points out that fine GSR particles can attach themselves to the AFM tip, thereby altering the tip shape and size and influencing the images. The sizes of GSR particles in this paper range from 0.25 to 2.0 lm. Although these can be described as ''fine'' particles for practical purposes, they are huge compared with the radius of the tip, which typically varies from 20 to 50 nm [see Ref. (1)]. If GSR particles attached themselves to the AFM tip, the observed images would be greatly blurred images rather than distorted images. Furthermore, this is not the first report of novel-shaped GSR particles. Irregular GSR particles were shown in Ref. (2). References


Objective To explore effectiveness of SAP by integration of Chinese and western medicine.Method Eighty SAP patients were reviewed.Results Treated by integration of Chinese and western medicine,6 patients died,74 patients cured.Conclusion Integration of Chinese and western medicine is obviously superior to western medicine in treating SAP.


Datong domestic yaks were used to investigate the polymorphism of four milk proteins by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The results were as follows:(1)Both loci of α lactalbumin and α s1 casein were the polymorphic proteins and both β lactoglobulin and β casein were the monomorphic proteins.The proportion of polymorphic loci in the milk protein was 50%.(2)The average effect number of alleles,the average gene heterozygosity and the average gene homozygotic index were 1.2505,0.1273 and 0.8075


Objective. To explore why young adults test for HIV, how they construct the HIV risk, and what implications testing has for them. Design. Six tape-recorded focus-group interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to a grounded theory approach. Subjects and setting. Women and men between 18 and 24 years of age were recruited from a youth clinic in northern Sweden in 2004–05 after being tested and found to be HIV negative. Results. A core category – reconsidering risk and four categories – HIV: a distant threat; the risk zone; responsibility: a gendered issue; a green card – emerged. HIV was described as being far away. Stereotypical images of risk actors emerged but were perceived to be clichés. "Ordinary" people including themselves were also considered at risk. Many had event-driven reasons for testing for HIV, multiple partners being one. One closer risk zone was "the bar"; a dating milieu that often was expected to include "one-night stands" for both women and men. Responsibility for testing was a gendered issue: it was "natural" for women, while men rather "escaped from responsibility". A resistance towards testing was revealed among young men. Receiving a negative HIV test result was "a green card", confirming healthiness and providing relief. Most informants felt "clean" and discussed how to restart with renewed ambitions. Conclusions. As participating in focus-group interviews was apparently an "eye-opener" for many, a counselling conversation reconsidering risk following an HIV test might be a good idea. Liberal HIV testing among young men and women could evoke insights and maturation and start a process of reflections concerning their sexual risk-taking behaviour.