Self-references holographic imaging techniques with nonuniform illumination coding can be used for high resolution imaging and tracking of complex targets from either ground-based or space-based platforms. Various image reconstruction algorithms were discussed in the context of a self-reference holographic imaging technique which we had recently proposed. In this paper the image reconstructions are considered in the presence of signal generated shot noise and detector noise, taking into account the finite resolution of the detector array. Examples of performance of linear and nonlinear image reconstruction algorithms are presented. This discussion includes the consideration of the design and selection of illuminating wavefronts and provides a framework for evaluation of system requirements and its limitations.


This paper set out to uncover how 'Silver Surfers' use the Internet. Based on Szmigin and Carrigan (2000) theory that the over 50s are set in their way and un-open to change, the study's main objectives were to uncover the attitudes the over 50s have towards the Internet. Questionnaires were designed utilising previous research scales (Vuori & Holmlund-Rytkonen 2005; Eastman & Iyer 2004) and similar sample sizes were used to set a desired response level of 150 questionnaires. 139 people over the age of 50 completed the questionnaires from several different locations across the UK. The questionnaires were analysed and results of the three tested hypotheses were presented.


Isolates of Claviceps africana from Australia, Africa, Asia, and America were tested for the production of dihydroergosine (DHES), and its biogenic precursors dihydroelymoclavine (DHEL) and festuclavine (FEST), in culture. Several growth media were evaluated to optimise alkaloid production with little success. The best of these involved 2-stage culturing on high-sucrose substrate. Australian C. africana isolates varied widely and inconsistently in alkaloid production, with DHES concentrations in mycelium ranging from: <0.1 to 9 mg DHES/kg; <0.1 to 1.6 mg DHEL/kg; and <0.1 to 0.4 mg FEST/kg. In a separate experiment using similar culturing techniques, DHES was produced by 2 of 3 Australian isolates, 1 of 3 USA isolates, 1 of 4 Indian isolates, the sole Puerto Rican isolate, the sole Japanese isolate, but not the sole South African isolate. In this experiment, DHES concentrations detected in mycelium of Australian isolates (0.1-1.0 mg DHES/kg) were of similar magnitude to isolates from other countries (0.2-1.8 mg DHES/kg). Three C. africana isolates, including one that produced only traces of alkaloid in culture after 8 weeks, were inoculated onto panicles of sterile male sorghum plants. After 8 weeks, all 3 isolates produced 10-19 mg DHES/kg in the panicles, demonstrating that the growing plant favoured more consistent alkaloid production than culture medium.


The development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) enables advanced traffic management to improve urban mobility, driving safety, and energy efficiency. An integrated traffic management system was developed to manage a very large number of CAVs in a large network. However, the operational cost of the integrated system is not well evaluated. In this paper, a comprehensive cost and benefit analysis of an integrated traffic management system is conducted to demonstrate the potential implementations of the system in large-scale cities with CAVs in the future. The analysis is conducted in Los Angeles, USA with the implementation of the integrated system for different layers of the network. The savings of the system on mobility and energy are evaluated under different market penetration rates of CAVs. And, the cost of the system on transmitting messages and operating the integrated system at different layers will also be measured. The combined savings and cost of the system is summarized to illustrate its overall benefits for the entire transportation services in LA downtown. The results indicates that the computational cost increases linearly with respect to the market penetration rates (MPRs) of CAVs. And, at higher MPRs, the monetary savings for the entire network are larger due to the significant improvement of mobility.


The energy efficiency in the debutanizer reboiler combustion can be monitored from the oxygen content of the flue gas of the reboiler. The measurement of the oxygen content can be conducted in situ using an oxygen sensor. However, soot that may appear around the sensor due to the combustion process in the debutanizer reboiler can obstruct the sensor's function. In-situ redundancy sensors' unavailability is a significant problem when the sensor is damaged, so measures must be made directly by workers using portable devices. On the other hand, worker safety is a primary concern when working in high-risk work areas. In this paper, we propose a software-based measurement or soft sensor to overcome the problems. The radial basis function network model makes soft sensors adapt to data updates because of their advantage as a universal approximator. The estimation of oxygen content with a soft sensor has been successfully carried out. The soft sensor generates an estimated mean square error of 0.216% with a standard deviation of 0.0242%. Stochastics gradient descent algorithm with momentum acceleration and dimension reduction using principal component analysis successfully improves the soft sensors' performance.


The first generation of local/metropolitan-area networks (LANs/MANs) used copper-based media, spread out typically across a building or a campus under one autonomous administration. With the arrival of optical-fiber transmission, considerable developments took place to enhance the speed and size of these copper-based LANs and MANs, by using optical fibers over various possible topologies, such as bus, ring, and star. We begin with the earlier experiments carried out on optical LANs/MANs in various research groups, and then present some of the standardized optical LANs/MANs, such as distributed queue dual bus (DQDB), fiber-distributed digital interface (FDDI), and different versions of high-speed Ethernet (1/10/40/100 Gbps). Finally, we describe some of the storage-area networks (SANs) augmented by optical fiber transmission, where small locally networked clusters of servers and storage devices are accessed by workstations through LANs such as, HIPPI, ESCON, and fiber channel. (139 words)


This paper analyzes three calculation methods of TCP congestion control mechanism (Reno, SACK, Vegas) through simulation test and the cause of poor performance when the wireless link is used. So, it proposes a feasibly improved measure and provides a new way to solve TCP congestion.


Through investigation of 28 large-scale grade 3 A hospitals in Shanghai,the status quo of the outpatient service on weekends in large-scale grade 3A hospitals in Shanghai is got,and visit analysis of the outpatient service on weekends in a large-scale grade 3A hospital in Shanghai from 2008 to 2011 is done.The results show that most large-scale grade 3 A hospitals in Shanghai implement outpatient service on weekends,but the degree and range are different.Outpatient service on weekends is necessary for high quality medical resources regions,such as the large-scale grade 3 A hospitals.


Objective To explore sonographic features of endometrial hyperplasia(EH) and the clinical value of ultrasonic diagnosis in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Methods 260 cases of EH verified by pathology after operation and curettage from 1997 to 1999 were analysed retrospectively. Results 260 cases were divided into 4 types in sonography:Ⅰ proliferative phase endometrium:45 (17.3%), Ⅱ cystic hyperplasia of endometrium 74 (28.5%), Ⅲ adenomatosis hyperplasia of endometrium 121 (46.5%), Ⅳ atrophic endometrium and partial proliferation 20 (7.7%), and accorded with pathology. Conclusion The sonographic features of EH was very important to make the differential diagnosis between early endometrial carcinoma and other diseases of endometrium.


The reactivity of two new bicyclic cyclohexenones (13 and 27) with several Nazarov reagents is presented. A flexible synthetic strategy is developed and provides access to highly substituted tricycles related to quassinoids and triterpenes.


s of the meeting of the Clinical Genietics Society held on 5 and 6 April 1984 at Salford University, Manchester Linkage studies of X linked muscular dystrophy in the wvest of Scotland using four short arm X chromosome DNA


A method for determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by high-performance liquid chromatography in Zhenjiang vinegar was developed.Samples were analyzed on a Venusil XBP-C18 column with oven temperature of 30 ℃,using a mixture of methanol and water(5∶95,v/v) as the mobile phase with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and detected at 284 nm.Within the linear range of 0.014 3~0.085 8 μg,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9.The method was accurate with the average recoveries rate and relative standard deviation of 98.66% and 5.53%,respectively.


It was discussed the actuality of Mine Railway Safety Management Information System,made sure the research target of the System,introduced the base of the System's structure,carried on treatise to system structure design and function module.By digging all kinds of resources data,it was very useful technique support to safety management and decision-making.Aimed at present condition of the System,it was proposed safety mechanism of application layer and management method to ensure the safety of enterprise internal data.


Melorheostosis, also known as Leri-Joanny disease,1 is a very rare skeletal dysplasia manifesting as regions of bone sclerosis with a characteristic flowing candle wax appearance in the classical form of the disease. In addition to this classical pattern, 3 other types of melorheostosis have been described: osteoma-like, osteopathia striata-like, and myositis ossificans-like.


The invention discloses an environment-friendly loss-resistant wood fire retardant and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly loss-resistant wood fire retardant comprises, by mass, 6-8 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 6-10 parts of zinc borate, 10-20 parts of silica sol, 6-10 parts of antimonous oxide, 6-10 parts of sodium molybdate, 5-9 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2-4 parts of pentaerythritol, 7-9 parts of potassium sorbate, 7-9 parts of aluminium nitride, 16-18 parts of pyrophillite powder, 3-5 parts of seven-phosphorus zinc halide, 5-10 parts of graphite and 2-4 parts of smoke suppressants. The loss-resistant wood fire retardant has good fire retarding and smoke suppressing performance, is free of halogen, environment friendly, low in cost and simple in parathion technique, industrial production is facilitated, and the loss-resistant wood fire retardant can be applied to wood materials of solid boards, fiberboards, chipboards, plywood and the like.


In SPECT reconstruction, iterative Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (ML-EM) estimation has a huge computational burden. The objective of this paper is to investigate how large a reduction in computation time can be obtained by using an algorithm acting on Ordered Subsets of projections (OS-EM). The authors validated OS-EM for a high number of subsets (which correlates with a high acceleration factor). Two phantoms, a cylinder with two cold spots and an ellipsoid with several hot spots and one cold spot were reconstructed from 120 noisy projections with the aid of a 1D (/spl delta/-like point source response), 2D (single slice response) and fully 3D PSF model. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and mean squared errors between phantoms and reconstructions as a function of contrast were calculated for OS-FM and ML-EM. Surprisingly, OS-EM outperforms ML-EM at high iteration numbers for the cylindrical phantom: OS-FM reconstructed images generally have a higher contrast at equivalent noise levels. For the ellipsoidal phantom the results of OS-EM are not superior, but certainly adequate, particularly so for the 3D PSF model, even when 60 subsets of opposing projections are used. In conclusion, the OS-EM algorithm using a high number of subsets is an extremely fast and reliable method to accelerate iterative SPECT reconstruction.


Highlights of the 1999 annual meeting of the infoDev Donors' Committee. infoDev's Y2K initiative. The new networked economy: what is at stake for the developing world? Telecom research and developing countries. High praise for African Virtual University. infoDev and the Development Marketplace. The second global knowledge conference.


Usually, attempts are made to distribute the load on each phase equally; in practice these loads are not completely balanced. It results in a net current flow through the neutral wire. The problem of neutral current with nonlinear and unbalanced loads is even more severe. This paper presents a fuzzy logic controlled 3-phase 4-wire shunt active power filter, which offers a viable solution for neutral current compensation and load balancing


This article is an attempt to consider specific features of the romantic dilogy «Tales of Russian Soldier» by N.Polevoy as one of the main dilogy phenomena of the epoch of 1820-1830s, that allows to reveal some tendencies in the organization of this prose form.


These rules set forth standard procedures for numismatic exhibit presentation and judging at the National Money Show in Atlanta, Georgia, February 27-29, 2020. They are under the control and direction of the American Numismatic Association, which reserves the right to accept or reject any offered exhibit at any time. Offered exhibits will be accepted only upon approval of the ANA exhibit application, which must be received by January 11, 2020.


A series of novel shell cross-linked nanocapsules were facilely fabricated in an inverse miniemulsion reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) system, in which poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) acted as a stabilizer and macroinitiator. The as-prepared nanocapsules with PDMAEMA cores and poly(methylacrylic acid) (PMAA) shells, had a size of 220 nm and can be used as a carrier for the encapsulation of hydrophilic components such as inorganic salts.


A 30-year-old pregnant HIV-seropositive woman presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, with a fatal outcome. Histological features of pulmonary arterial hypertension were present at post mortem. This is the first report of histologically confirmed HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with pregnancy in Africa.


In this manuscript, the adaptive synchronization of a class of fractional order chaotic system with uncertain parameters is studied. Firstly, the local stability of the fractional order chaotic system is analyzed using fractional stability criterion. Then, based on the J function criterion, suitable adaptive synchronization controller and parameter identification rules of the unknown parameters are investigated. Finally, the numerical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.


Much of the recent literature on poverty assumes that the social and spatial isolation of impoverished inner city neighborhoods contributes to the poor job prospects of their residents. In this case study we examine a neighborhood, the Red Hook section of Brooklyn, New York, in which there is a concentration of poor people living in close proximity to blue-collar jobs. However, few local residents hold local jobs in the private sector. A survey of local employers revealed that most Red Hook jobs were filled via social networks that exclude local residents. Local residents, particularly African Americans, often lacked the social capital — connections and references — needed to obtain these jobs. Further, many local employers considered Red Hook residents undesirable employees for a variety of reasons including "place discrimination" as well as racial discrimination. By contrast, public sector employers often preferred local residents, although their ability to hire them was limited by formal educational requirements. These findings lead us to question the efficacy of policies, such as "empowerment zones," that assume that bringing jobs closer to where poor people live will necessarily improve their' employment opportunities.


We provide the first rigorous analysis of proportional fairness in 802.11 WLANs. This analysis corrects prior approximate studies. We show that there exists a unique proportional fair rate allocation and completely characterise the allocation in terms of a new airtime quantity, the total air-time.


Between fully ordered and fully disordered (amorphous) states of clay minerals, many stages of partial order and disorder occur. Disorder of various kinds can be classified under the following headings : (i) Disorder at the atomic level, (ii) Disorder in layer stacking, and (iii) Disorder associated with mixed layering. This review is concerned principally with layer stacking disorders, particularly in kaolinite group minerals. The type and frequency of the disorder is discussed. Also considered are variations of layer spacings associated with lateral layer displacements particularly in kerolite, a talc-like mineral. The evidence that allophane may be a disordered defect form of kaolinite mineral is summarized.


Dead-time compensators (DTCs) are frequently regarded as being excessively sensitive to uncertainty in the loop delay. This claim, however, is based mostly on empirical studies rather than on any rigorous analysis. In particular, despite existing literature on the calculation of the delay margin, μd, there appears to be no study of the underlying reasons of such a sensitivity. In this paper we address the latter issue. By applying Nyquist criterion arguments, we show that μd of DTCs may be discontinuous as a function of system parameters. We demonstrate that a substantial deterioration of μd is caused by the multiplication of the crossover frequencies, which is enforced by the controller. Some ways to avoid this phenomenon are discussed.


This paper describes a new means to control depth positions of 3-D images for integral photography. A GRIN lens array is set in front of a lens array for image capturing. The length of each elemental GRIN lens composing the array is a half of one period of the optical path. The GRIN lens array also avoids pseudoscopic effects with revised depth. The depth position of the 3-D images is controlled by adjusting the distance between the GRIN lens array and the capturing lens array, thus producing 3-D images without depth distortion.


This study deals with the effort to utilize the waste stuff in this case
centrifugal pump. In basicly, this research purpose to discover the characteristics of pump as turbine performance using centrifugal pump.
A centrifugal pump is a Francise turbine running backwards.Water
between the rotor vanes experiences centrifugal force flows radially outwards
from the middle to the outside. As it flows, it gains kinetic energy and when
thrown off the outer of the rotor, the kinetic energy must be converted into flow energy. The use of vanes similar to those in the Francis wheels helps.The energy potency can be recovered by small turbine. Using pump as turbine instead of turbine is another alternative and was chosen in this study
Characteristics and efficiency of pump as turbine using centrifugal pump
can be identified after laboratory experimental already finished. From the
experiments, can be obtained pump as turbine efficiency 13.86 %. Although pump as turbine�s efficiency is small relatively, it�s still get benefit to use.


Objective:To cognize and evaluate the health status of the staff and to analyze the common chronic disease and its influence factors.Preventive and health care advices were put forward according to research results which might improve the staff health status.Methods:The source was from the data of physical check-up of the staff in the past years.The check-up items included disease history,life style,general physic examination,auxiliary examinations and so on.Results:There were more than 30 kinds of ailments found.The first five diseases in the sequence of male were hyperlipidemia,hypertension,prostate diseases,fatty liver,and hyperglycemia.The first five diseases in the sequence of female were hyperlipidemia,cervical diseases,mammary gland diseases,hypertension,and uterine myoma.The results showed that the incidence rate of chronic ailment was increasing year by year.The incidence rate of some common diseases differed significantly from local citizen.Conclusion:This research indicates that the health status of the staff of this energy company is hardly optimistic.Several measures are proposed to guarantee the staff's mental and physical health.


BACKGROUND
There is no agreement to define the target FiO2 to adopt in the lung recruitment phase during HFOV in preterm infants. We report our experience of an optimal lung volume strategy (OLVS), defined as FiO2≤0.25 during the recruitment phase, in a cohort of neonates with gestational age (GA) ≤27 weeks treated with elective HFOV for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) between July 2006 and September 2008.

METHODS
FiO2 used during the recruitment phase was different according to physician' evaluation. 51 newborns were then divided into two groups: patients reaching FiO2≤0.25 (OLVS Group, N.=28), and patients reaching FiO2>0.25 (No-OLVS Group, N.=23).

RESULTS
Prior to surfactant administration OLVS Group, respect to No-OLVS Group, received a significantly higher continuous distending pressure (CDP): 12.8±1.1 cmH2O vs 11.2±1.3 cmH2O (P<0.0001) and a significantly lower FiO2: 0.25±0.01 vs 0.35±0.06 (P<0.0001). A multivariate modeling approach confirmed that OLVS was significantly associated to the need for less surfactant doses (OR 0.19[95% CI 0.05-0.84]), a decreased risk of ductus arteriosus surgically ligated (OR 0.13[95% CI 0.02-0.86]) and to a lower number of ventilation hours before extubation: -152 (95% CI -284- -20).

CONCLUSION
OLVS to fully recruit the lungs achieving FiO2≤0.25 during elective HFOV is associated with better short-term pulmonary outcomes respect to a strategy where the patients received a FiO2>0.25 during the recruitment phase. Utilizing HFOV in this way provides a more effective means to recruit and protect acutely injured lungs.


The article clarifies the essence and nature of business risk and its manifestation in the banking sector. Discussed the main approaches for effective management in commercial banks.


The safety of a Fink-type truss system following the BS5950' design requirements is examined. The design point approach of reliability analysis is developed to determine the safety indices for the individual members and the joints which are assumed filet-welded. Consequently, for assumed loading options, the entire system safety indices are reported indicating a need for the re-appraisal of the adopted criteria.


The metabolism and disposition of KR31378 (a benzopyran derivative and a novel neuroprotective agent) were investigated following single oral or intravenous administration of [14C]-KR31378 to rats. [14C]-KR31378 was rapidly absorbed after oral dosing with an oral bioavailability of greater than 71%. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of total radioactivity in rat plasma increased proportionally to the administered dose. KR31378 was distributed over all organs and tissues except for brain, eyeball and testis, and declined by first order kinetics up to 24 h after dosing. Excretion of the radioactivity was 29.5% of the dose in the urine and 58.5% in the feces within 2 days after oral administration. Biliary excretion of the radioactivity in bile duct-cannulated rats was about 66.0% for the first 24 h. KR31378 was extensively metabolized by ring hydroxylation, O-demethylation, oxidation and reduction with subsequent N-acetylation and O-glucuronide conjugation. N-acetylated conjugates (M2, M10, M11, M12, M14, and M15) were identified as the predominant metabolites in rats.


The theoretical calculation of the laminar burning velocity of wood gas compnonents with full chemical and realistic diffusion are reported for the combustible gas from wood gasifier. These are preceded by validation with known results of CO-air and $H_2$-air mixtures, partly from earlier work of this lab. The mixture containing CO 19.5, $CO_2$ 12.5, $H_2$ 20, $CH_4$ 2, and $N_2$ 46% showed a flame speed of 37.3 cm/s at 1 atm and 10.2 cm/s at 10 atm (initial temperature of 298 K). The dependence of stoichiometry was also explored. Several features of the dependence of flame speed on pressure and stoichiometry are discussed. The implications of these on engine performance are presented.


The oscillating mechanism of the jet induced by external excitation shear flow was described and the excitation condition was analyzed in this paper. Spectrum analysis was applied to investigate the pressure oscillations in the center of the jet which are measured in laboratory. It is shown experimentally that its oscillating amplitude is very large and the jet has broad frequency, Its erosive effect is superior to that of the ordinary jet.


High density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraox- onase (PON) seems to play a major role in the protection of low density lipoprotein (LDL) against peroxidation by HDL, and the partly purified enzyme exerts a dose-depen- dent protective effect. A common polymorphism of the hu- man gene (192 Q


The effects of W (0.05 wt% W), Mo (0.05 wt% Mo), and Ti (0.05 wt% Ti) addition on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel used in flue gas desulfurization systems were examined using electrochemical measurements in a 10 wt% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. The corrosion rate increased in the following order: W steel < Mo steel << Ti steel. The surface analysis indicated that the type and quantity of inclusions by steel are as follows: W steel (manganese sulfide [MnS]) < Mo steel (MnS, molybdenum disulfide [MoS2]) << Ti steel (MoS2, titanium sulfide [TiS]). The corrosion rate was influenced by sulfide inclusions in the steels. In particular, the corrosion rate of Ti-containing steel was the highest due to a large number of TiS inclusions formed during the steel manufacturing or corrosion processes.


In this work, new methods are developed to facilitate stable and accurate numerical solutions of linearized Euler equations, which are often used in solving problems in computational aeroacoustics. Solutions of LEE can suffer from numerical Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in the presence of a sheared mean flow. Various methods have been exploited to address this problem; each has its advantages and disadvantages. In this work, two new methods that use artificial damping terms (ADT) are introduced. The first method is constructed to damp the vortical components generated during the computation while the second one is proposed by revisiting the effect of viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equations. An adaptive method is also used to improve the proposed new methods. These methods are tested on two benchmark cases: a) acoustic wave refraction through a strongly sheared jet, and b) mode radiation from a semi-infinite duct with jet. It is found that numerical instabilities can be successfully suppressed with little side effect on the acoustic wave computations.


The newly revised NIOSH lifting guide offers a multiple task strategy for frequency weighting multiple lifting tasks performed in a series; in close proximity of time. This strategy allows calculation of a composite lifting index (CLI) during assessment of jobs for which lifting variables are changing throughout the task. While the approach is useful, the number of calculations and table look-up procedures required is much larger than a single task strategy requires, and the process becomes tedious and error prone if performed manually. Consequently, a computer program was developed by Continental Insurance Corporate Loss Control in FORTRAN to automate table look-ups and required calculations. A case-study applying the multi-task approach to an actual job is shown. The job involves manual lifting/lowering of boxes from a queuing turntable to a pallet stack. The results indicate that the job is unacceptably hazardous, which agrees with subjective responses of workers. Possible worksite retrofit changes are also evaluated in a "what-if" manner. These results show that changes would improve the risk level, but proposed improvements were not sufficient to attain an acceptable risk level. Mechanization of the job is therefore suggested. Details regarding the multi-task application are discussed.


The Akosombo Dam on the Volta River in Ghana was built in 1963 to provide cheap energy to fuel industry and to accelerate the economic growth of the country. It provides hydroelectric power, enhanced fishing and water transportation upstream, and improved opportunities for irrigated farming, especially in the lower reaches, and their attendant economic multiplier effects. A few years after the construction of this major dam, a rapid expansion of industrialization took place in Ghana. This brought about an exponential increase in demand for more electrical power. This led to the construction of a smaller dam at Akuse, downstream of the Akosomho Dam in 1981 and the formation of a headpond at Kpong. The impoundment of the river at the two sites (Akosombo and Kpong) caused an alteration in the existing ecological and biophysical processes in the river basin, including a slowing of the flow of the river, upstream and downstream. Changes in the natural processes, such as a reduction in the flow of the river and an increase in nutrient status of the water, resulted in an invasion of aquatic weeds, increasing the density of aquatic snails (intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis), silting and closure of the estuary, as well as other more subtle effects. The invasion of the river's main course and the dams by aquatic plants led to a corresponding reduction of navigable water both upstream and downstream. The aim of this thesis was to quantify the impact and control of waterweeds, especially water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae), in Ghana. A floral survey on the Kpong Headpond recorded 49 emergent, 12 free floating and I submerged aquatic plant species, many of which were indigenous, but the exotic or introduced water hyacinth was recorded at most of the sampling sites, and was the most abundant and had the biggest impact on the utilization of the water resource. Mats of water hyacinth served as substrates for other, indigenous species to grow out into the main channel of the headpond, including the intake point of the Kpong head works of the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) and landing sites for boats. These mats resulted in a reduction of the fish (fin and shell) harvest, reducing the annual production to far below demand. Water hyacinth was also shown to have severe health implications. A survey of the Ministry of Health records showed that the prevalence of both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis had risen significantly over time as the abundance of waterweeds, most notably water hyacinth, increased, and ranged between 70% and 75% but up to 100% in some lakeside communities. Based on the work done by an NGO on board the medical boat ("Onipa Nua "), losses in


This paper proposes a real-time distance measurement system of high temperature and high speed target using infrared stereo camera. We construct an infrared stereo camera system that measure the difference between target and background temperatures for automatic target measurement. First, the proposed method detects target region based on target motion and intensity variation of local region using difference between target and background temperatures. Second, stereo matching by left and right target information is used to estimate disparity about real-time distance of target. In the proposed method using infrared stereo camera system, we compare distances in three dimension trajectory measuring instrument and in infrared stereo camera measurement. In this experiment from three video data, the result shows an average 9.68% distance error rate. The proposed method is suitable for distance and position measurement of varied targets using infrared stereo system.


OBJECTIVE
To prepare a novel MRI targeted contrast agent Gd-DTPA-Granzyme B monoclonal antibody (mAb) and to test its reaction conditions.

METHODS
The Granzyme B mAb was coupled with DTPA,and then conjugated with Gd. The Gd-DTPA antibody was characterized using MALDI-TOF-MS. Cytotoxicity test was performed with MTT assay, and immune activation was examined with immunohistochemistry.

RESULT
MALDI-TOF-MS demonstrated that the molecular weight shifted from granzyme B mAb (133986) to Gd-DTPA-GB mAb (139736), which indicated the conjugation of the antibody with Gd-DTPA. The molar ratio of Gd per IgG molecule was about 20. MTT assay showed that Gd, DTPA, Gd-DTPA and Gd-DTPA-GB mAb groups did not make an impact on cell viability, and there were no significant differences among 4 groups (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry results showed that compared with the positive control group the targeted contrast agent had a high immune activity.

CONCLUSION
The novel contrast agent Gd-DTPA-Granzyme B mAb prepared in this study keeps a good immune activity and has no significant cytotoxicity.


Any future outer space exploration and exploitation should more fully consider disaster and health risks as part of aiming for sustainability. The advent of the so‐called "New Space" race, age, or era characterized by democratization, commercialization, militarization, and overlapping outer space activities such as tourism presents challenges for disaster‐related and health‐related risks in and for outer space. Such challenges have been extensively researched for earth, but less so for space. This article presents an overview of key aspects for addressing disaster and health risks in outer space within a wider sustainability framing. After an introduction providing background and scope, this article's next section considers some key health and disaster risks within sustainable outer space and offers insights from earth. The following two sections apply this knowledge by focusing on how analogue missions and international legal and voluntary regimes can each be used to reduce risks and potentially make outer space healthier and safer. The findings advocate that there is a wealth of knowledge and experience about mitigating risks to health and disaster risk reduction on earth that can inform spaceflight and exploration. The examples explored include the physical, legal, and regulatory aspects of the "New Space" industry, which highlights the relevance of equating examples on earth. The article concludes that expectations must be managed regarding scenarios for which response, rescue, and recovery are precluded, prompting a necessary focus on prevention and risk reduction. In doing so, earth‐based scenarios and aspects of the so‐called "Old Space" offer useful insights and should be examined further for "New Space." Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:994–1001. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).


We construct a finite spin-1/2 chain model (quantum domino) interacting with a Fermi field, capable of emitting a scalar fermion from the last spin in the chain. The chain with dynamics gradually reversing the neighbouring spins emits eventually a fermion which escapes then to infinity, and the chain converges to a stationary state. We determine the rate of convergence of the system for large time to a different "macroscopic" state connected with the emission of a fermion. We prove that the probability of fermion emission as a function of time t approaches to unity "almost exponentially". We propose that this fast rate of convergence could serve as an approximate theoretical possibility for the "effective" description of the quantum measurement process in the sense proposed by K. Hepp. This all will be preceded by an outline of explicitly solvable dynamics of infinite version of the spin chain which exhibits transition from a locally perturbed unstable stationary state to a truly macroscopically different (i.e. disjoint) state, but with slow convergence for t approaching to infinity.


It has long been assumed that stability of "solvated electrons" and dipole-bound anions results primarily from the static Coulomb interaction of an excess electron with charge distribution of the neutral molecular host. Our results indicate, however, that the dispersion interaction between the loosely bound electron and the neutral molecular host is as important as the static Coulomb stabilization. A perturbation scheme is designed to analyze physically meaningful components of electron binding energy, and highly correlated electronic structure results are presented for dipole-bound anions and solvated electrons in the (HF) n clusters (n ) 2, 3). The vertical electron detachment energy for (HF)3 was found to be 0.63 and 0.21 eV for the solvated electron and dipole-bound anion, respectively. The equilibrium zigzag geometrical structure of the dipole-bound anion differs drastically from the cyclic C3h structure of the neutral trimer. The dispersion interaction is commonly associated with an attractive component of van der Waals interactions that displays asymptotic R -6 behavior, where R is the distance between interacting species. 1 As recognized by London, the dispersion effect results from correlated fluctuations of electron charge densities of interacting atomic or molecular species. 2 In this contribution we discuss the role of dispersion interaction in a different molecular context. We consider a loosely bound electron (lbe) as a chemical species, and we discuss its interaction with the neutral molecular host as if we were dealing with a weakly bound molecular dimer. Our theoretical framework applies to dipole-bound states (dbs) of molecular anions and to "solvated electrons" (se) because these anions share a feature that the excess electron is bound by physical rather than chemical interactions with its neutral molecular host. 3 The results presented here extend our earlier observations about the role of dynamic electron correlation in dipole-bound anions, 4-6 in particular in systems with hydrogen bonds such as (HF)2 - 7


of provides a testing ground for policies in to analyst. On of studies authors on the policies of several foreign countries, both developed underdeveloped, the review highlights the major thrust of policies in four technologically advanced The for this selection illustrates some that some contrasting approaches instructive.


A variation of the Haddon and Waite compacting garbage collector is presented that needs only bounded workspace, but which has typical runtime proportional to the size of the heap rather than n log n for a heap of size n. The algorithm has been measured in the context of a LISP system where it has been seen to behave close to its optimum. The relationship of this algorithm to one due to Lang and Weigbreit is also explained.


Introduction:
 The mechanisms by which cardiovascular regenerative capacity, estimated as circulating levels of progenitor cell (CPC) counts, protect against adverse cardiovascular events remain unclear.

 Hypothesis:
 Circulating progenitor cells possess immune-modulatory properties and are hypothesized to mitigate inflammation that is characteristic of patients with CAD. We hypothesized that patients with fewer CPC will have higher inflammatory markers and worse outcomes.

 Methods:
 Patients with stable CAD were enrolled in a prospective study enumerating CPCs as CD34-expressing mononuclear cells (CD34+), and inflammation as levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Patients were followed for 5 years for the endpoints of death and myocardial infarction (primary) with repeat inflammatory biomarkers measured after a median of 2 years. The association between CPCs and change in IL-6 levels over time was determined using linear regression after adjustment demographic and clinical risk factors. Cox hazard models were used for time-to-event analyses after adjustment.

 Results:
 In the entire cohort of 392 patients, IL-6 remained unchanged (0.3 ± 2.4 pg/mL, p=0.45) after 2 years. CPC counts (log-transformed) were inversely correlated with the change in IL-6 levels (r=- 0.17, P <0.001). Thus, IL-6 declined by - 0.59 ((95%CI), -0.90, -0.20) pg/mL per 1 log higher CPC counts after adjustment for the demographic and clinical variables as well as medications. Using Cox hazard models adjusted for these risk factors, a rise in 1 pg/mL of IL-6 was associated with a 11% (95%CI, 9, 13) greater risk of death/MI. Low CPC counts were associated with a higher risk of death/MI (HR=1.7 (95%CI, 1.1-2.6). Using mediation analysis, we found that the change in IL6 level partly (by 40%) mediated the higher risk of adverse events among those with low CPC counts.

 Conclusions:
 Reduced cardiovascular regenerative capacity, measured as low circulating CPC levels, is independently associated with progressive inflammation in patients with CAD, which in turn is associated with poor outcomes. These findings support the role of endogenous regenerative capacity in passivating systemic inflammation and is a potential mechanism underlying its protective effects.


We show how the conductivity of a gate‐voltage‐induced charge layer in a metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS/MOS) capacitor structure can be measured quantitatively without the need for source‐drain contacts. In this scheme, the interface current is driven by an rf voltage applied across a resistive thin‐film gate electrode and coupling capacitively to the conducting interface layer. We give examples that illustrate application possibilities and the sensitivity of the technique.


A coupled batch grinding method is used to obtain resolution of a scalemic mixture of asparagine monohydrate conglomerate crystals, which are not racemizable in solution. For this method in two separate vessels a scalemic mixture of crystals is vigorously ground, while the two saturated solutions in contact with the crystals are continuously exchanged. Application of the method yields a 100% resolution with a yield of 50% (S) and 50% (R) crystals in the two vessels. To obtain a successful outcome, the grinding rates, temperatures and the amount of solids must be similar in both vessels. The experimental results are supported by a simple analytical model. It confirms that the process parameters are quite critical and that the incorporation of small clusters formed by grinding into the larger crystals of the same chirality is a prerequisite to obtain complete resolution.


Avizo Wind brings an extensive array of advanced visualization and analysis tools to CFD and multiphysics, mechanical and thermal engineering, manufacturing simulation and microstructural prediction, non linear structural and geotechnical problems. Avizo Wind imports a wide range of data types from numerical solvers, performs advanced visualization of scalar, vector and tensor data using a large set of visualization tools . Avizo Wind can then extract advanced features such as critical points or vortex core lines. Additionally, Avizo Wind provides a large number of secondary variable calculation tools, such as density, pressure, energy, vorticity, turbulence, and more.Finally, Avizo Wind enables statistical analysis of the model, and the creation of impacting presentations.


tivity are faced with a variety of problems. Not the least of these is convincing the potential givers of money that it is in their interest, and of importance to their society, to support the venture. Peace research has progressed beyond the status of an idea; it is becoming institutionalized. During the last five years several new journals have been started, institutes have been organized, and the International Peace Research Asso-


In the summer of 2017, when we began this work, the community was amidst the excitement of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). During that time, both the Machine Learning (ML) and Computer Architecture community had begun grappling with the compute demands and complexity of DNNs. At the same time, the Machine Learning community was in the process of improving DNN accuracy, and each percentage point of improvement mattered. The opportunity to adopt this emerging DNN technology, in the edge device and mobile industry, was alluring. However, the limited power and energy budgets would restrict the complexity of DNN models that could be reasonably deployed on the edge. As a result, simpler and less accurate models were often used instead.


Hair analysis has been proposed and evaluated as a potential diagnostic technique to retrospectively monitor exposure to a range of environmental, dietary and other toxins including drugs, pesticides, mycotoxins, plant toxins, heavy metals and other toxic elements, such as selenium and arsenic, in humans and animals. The purpose of this review is to report and discuss, where data exists, the development and use of this technique to identify such toxic residues in equine hair. In the absence of research specific to the horse, this review draws upon comparative data in humans and other species, on hair analysis and potential dietary toxins of particular relevance in equine nutrition and feedstuffs production.


Abstract : Experimental results of bundle tests of single-end glass, with and without epoxy resin, are compared with the predictions of statistical theories based on the normal and Weibull distributions. The effect of gage lengths varying from 1 to 20 inches is also investigated. Based on the results, bundle tests may be considered for the determination of the strength and the coefficient of variations of monofilaments, as well as the axial strength of unidirectional composites. (Author)


According to the governmental policy, Thailand must change the educational system and strategies to encourage Thai students to have three main skills to live and work in the 21st Century. The aim of this paper was to illustrate the process and results achieved from the integration of a problem-based and project-based learning into a process of thinking and problem-solving course. Overall, 40 engineer students took part in an online questionnaire which measured their satisfaction towards this course and 17 engineer students participated in the paper questionnaires which assessed their learning process during this course. It was found that all students had done 10 projects successfully which based on their project work, reports, the community participation and reflection, peer assessment, lecturer evaluation, and students' satisfaction and reflection and most of them were satisfied in this course (the teaching, an instructional media, a lecturer evaluation, and a classroom management). In addition, more than half of those students perceived that PPBL could enhance their thinking process and problem-solving skill. These findings provide crucial information for Thai lecturers who are willing to apply the Problem- and Project Based Learning Approach (PPBL) in their courses. They also present vital information for Thai lecturers to develop the new curriculums to improve their students' learning skills via the actual community problems.

Keywords: problem- and project-based learning; problem-solving skill; thinking process; general education course; university students.


There is common belief that the way we learn is influenced by our personality. Also, there is a contradiction between the predictions of psychologists and applied linguists in respect to the relationship between extraversion and learning as there is still a debate to know which personality type is in advantage. On one hand, psychologists maintain that extraversion is a disadvantage for learning since an extravert has less cortical arousal, has a limited long term memory, and is more easily inhibited. On the other hand, many applied linguists declare that extraversion is an advantage for learning L2 because the extraverts elicit more input and generate more outputs. To examine such controversies, a case study was designed to observe 7 extroverts and 7 introverts performing over various task based activities in an EFL language class in Iran. Primarily, an Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire-Revised in Persian Language was given to 140 students at pre-intermediate levels of an English Institute in Mashhad Iran to determine the dominant personality type among the students. Then, 14 students were randomly chosen so that their performances of task-based activities could be observed. The authors used a reliable checklist of Assessing Learners' Oral Proficiency (CALOP) for observing the students' performances of the three task types namely information-gap, reasoning-gap, and opinion-gap. The results revealed that extroversion was dominant (53. 6 %) in the population. More importantly, the introverts and extroverts showed no significant differences over their performances of the three task types.


The effect of intrinsic optical activity on the scattering matrix elements of a particle with macroscopic chirality (i.e., form chirality) is examined. An extension of the coupled dipole method is used in which the optical activity of the medium is included in the dipole moments of the subunits which are arranged to describe the chiral structure. The magnitude of the difference in refractive indices of the medium for left and right circularly polarized light chosen for the calculations is realistic for biological systems. The scattering matrix elements which are sensitive to form chirality are found to be significantly changed by intrinsic optical activity of this magnitude and the effect is more important when the chiral parameters become small compared with the wavelength of light. The intrinsic optical activity has a significant effect on the circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS) of a chiral structure at forward scattering angles. The form and intrinsic contributions to CIDS are found to be additive.


Abstract Surge is one of the two dynamic instabilities that occur in centrifugal compressors and can pose severe safety issues to the compression system. This paper tries to investigate the active surge control methods in centrifugal compressors. To this end, Moore–Greitzer Compressor Model is used, which considers a close couple valve as the independent variable. Most of the existing active controllers require information about system characteristics and upper bound of disturbances. In designing a controller, it is assumed that some bounded external disturbances are applied to the compressor, but its upper bound is unknown. As such, the throttle valve and the compressor's characteristic are uncertain. In the proposed new active controller, a fuzzy system is used to approximate the compressor characteristic. Also, the adaptive control is used to estimate the openings of the throttle valve and the parameters of fuzzy system. Then, a robust controller is employed to find the appropriate gain in Tube-MPC to avoid the system disturbances. Finally, by simulating the compressor's behavior after applying the designed active controller, one can prove its efficiency and robustness to uncertainty in model and disturbance rejection.


We describe a fabrication technique in which a nanoscale Au grain is connected to two Cr electrodes. Electron transport in our samples can be fitted to orthodox theory of single electron tunneling on a single particle. In one sample, we can resolve additional steps in current, which are interpreted as discrete quantum states of electrons added to the grain.


Bifurcations and chaos have been studied in many power electronics circuits and systems. Numerous results have been reported regarding the nonlinear behavior of such circuits and systems under variation of some selected parameters, e.g., period-doubling bifurcations, Hopf bifurcations, coexisting attractors, border collisions, etc. The current status of research in the identification of bifurcation behavior in power electronics can be considered mature in the sense that the salient types of bifurcation behavior, their underlying causes and the theoretical parameters affecting them have been well documented. Recently, research in this field has begun to seek possible applications that are of direct relevance to industrial power electronics. One direction is to apply some of the available research results in bifurcation behavior to the design of practical power electronics systems.The main barrier is that the abstract mathematical presentations of the available results are not directly applicable to practical design problems. Our work in this research area has been directed to bridge that gap.


The present work aims to investigate the hot corrosion resistance of HVOF (high velocity oxy fuel) sprayed CNT (Carbon nanotubes) reinforced Cr2O3 coated ASTM-SA213-T22 (T22) steel at 800 °C temperature in molten salt environment. The coatings have been deposited with high velocity oxy fuel process. The samples were exposed to hot corrosion in a Silicon tube furnace at 800 °C for 50 cycles. The kinetics of corrosion behaviour were analysed by the weight gain measurements after each cycle. Corrosion products were analysed with x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive and x-ray analysis techniques. During investigations, the CNT reinforced Cr2O3 composite coatings on T22 steel were found to provide better corrosion resistance in the molten salt environment at 800 °C. The coatings showed lower weight gain along with formation of protective oxide scales during the experiment. Improvement in protection against hot corrosion was observed with increase in CNT content in the coating matrix. The addition of CNT has resulted in reduction in porosity by filling the voids in chromium oxide coating, with interlocking of particle and has blocked the penetration of corroding species to enhance the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings. The corrosion rate was found to be decreasing with increase in CNT content in coating matrix.


Based on normal failure analysis for connection-rod of small type internal-combustion engine,and applying the basic concepts of remanufacture for products design,the major questions which should be considered and basic design technology are given out,which can be usedfor designing the connection-rod of smallinternal-combustion engine for remanufacture.


In these notes we will characterize the cubic roots, via Cardano formu- las, on a body of Galois F with a positive characteristic p. As application, we will present a cryptosystem with public-key of the RSA-type based on the properties of third-order linear feedback shift-register sequences over a finite ring Z p .


After 1945 a number of changes occurred in rural Poland in relation to the education of farmers and their families, and the role of education in the lives of rural residents. First of all, a new group of peasant intelligentsia was formed, coming from the peasant or working-class environment. It was to replace the earlier elites by working in the spirit of socialist ideas and supporting the development of the state. Due to the need to rebuild the country and increase the efficiency of agriculture, educators and agricultural advisors trained in cities were also directed to villages. Pursuant to the implemented education development programs, farmers' children gained access to schools, and parities were created for them at universities. As a result, there was a greater chance for farmers to send their children to universities, but this required financial capabilities of the family, as well as the belief that the education acquired would mean social advancement. The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure of education and educational opportunities of rural residents during the People's Republic of Poland.


Inspired by the FP algorithm used in mining frequent patterns and the idea used in CLIQUE which is a classical method for clustering static data,a new data structure named dense grid-tree(DG-tree for short) was proposed to record the synopsis of the data streams for clustering.Then the clustering problem was transformed to the problem of constructing a DG-tree and searching for dense grid cells in the DG-tree.With the help of DG-tree,the subspace containing clusters was found.Experimental results show that this method has good cluster quality.


We study the optimum design of an energy harvesting relay for two-way decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks. In the networks, the relay harvests energy as well as decodes information using the received signal from two sources with power splitting relaying (PSR) and time switching relaying (TSR) strategies. Since the two-way relay network has two opposite traffic flows, it can be considered as a special case of multi-user systems. Applying the max–min criterion for fairness and max-sum criterion for maximum resource utilization, we optimize the operations of the energy harvesting relay. Specifically, considering the transmission rate constraints of individual hops, we derive optimum power splitting coefficients and optimum time switching coefficients, respectively, for PSR-based and TSR-based networks under both criterions, and analytically calculate the resulting maximum transmission rates. Numerical results confirm that our analyses exactly match with exhaustive search simulations. The obtained optimum coefficients are given in closed-form, therefore, they can be easily adopted in simple two-way relay networks with limited computational power such as sensor/Internet of Things (IoT) networks and can help two-way DF relay networks.


In this paper I propose a unified account of two phenomena that have so far only been treated independently of each other: (I.) the strong tendency of German demonstrative pronouns (henceforth: D-pronouns or DEM) like der and die to be resolved to antecedents that have not been maximally salient in the preceding sentence, and (II.) the fact that D-pronouns cannot be interpreted as syntactically bound variables. I argue that both properties can be reduced to a principle that constrains the interpretation of D-pronouns in the following way: the variables they introduce cannot be resolved to the entity functioning as the current aboutness topic or to an element of the set functioning as the (current) aboutness topic. I. [1] and [2] have verified in a series of experiments and corpus-studies the long-standing observation that German D-pronouns in contrast to personal pronouns have a strong bias against being resolved to antecedents that have been the subject of the immediately preceding sentence:


In the tropology of the Western literary tradition, the artificer-flier mediates between systems of being and systems of knowing. Geoffrey Chaucer on an eagle's back in The House of Fame soars from mundane physical concerns toward the center of the universe where tidings of love are found. Shelley's skylark mediates man's aspirations to join art to nature in a bond to the heavens, and Gerard Manley Hopkins's windhover figures Christ and the spirit's soar to salva tion. In this rich store of figurations, flight merges quests for art with the soul's inclination to ward its source; that is, worldly with spiritual aspirations. The precursors of these figures are the Greek gods and Muses, whose identity with the arts and the planets reflects the cosmic pro portions of the poet's powers since the age of Homer. Hesiod's Theogeny, 53-115, attributes to the Muses the memory of origins. Virgil's Georgics, 2.475, praises the Muses as revealers of the mysteries of the cosmos, and his Aeneid, 9.525-9, evokes Calliope's power of memory for poetry. In Martianus Capella's Marriage of Mercury and Philology, the flights of Mercury to the earth and Philology to heaven trace a path for art and wisdom to traverse between worlds. In Robert Henry son's Orpheus and Eurydice, Orpheus spans the orbits of the planets to realize the music of the spheres. In the European literary tradition at least, flight of bird, waves of sound, and paths of light figure powers of memory, wisdom, music, and poetry to carry spirit, reason, and imagination free from the constraining weight of the body and its appetites. The hermeneutics of this tradition are standard in the Eurocentric bias of American culture, and "Native American" and Chicano writers, whose indigenous lore has its own figures of flight, cannot tell their story to an "Anglo" audience without altering received Eurocentric her meneutic conventions that would read "native" texts in European ideological contexts. The con temporary writer and teacher Rudolfo A. Anaya both resists and appropriates the European literary trope of flight in forging a particularly Chicano political and moral polemic against the despiritualizing effects of Anglo cultural imperialism.1 How Anaya shapes and merges the Euro pean with indigenous traditional thought in Chicano story to make a particular cultural stand is the topic of this brief essay. Anaya is a recycler of worn myth. Paraphrasing his own words, yesterday's dried and with ered European literary figures are "the pulp" on which his vibrant and fecund Chicano story ap pears (The Silence of the Llano 131); but the informing source of that new story is an


Summary & ConclusionsModern systems are changing quickly and becoming more complex through increased connectivity, smaller packaging, higher performance requirements, more components, the inclusion of complex software and Artificial Intelligence (AI), and much more. The following are high-level challenges that arise in many modern systems. The first is the distribution of the system, which are both physical (e.g., power grids) and digital (e.g., air traffic control, transportation networks). With highly distributed system, the vulnerability from the environment becomes significant. The second challenge is the implementation of new technology where examples include driverless vehicles and Boeing's 787 Dreamliner. Occasionally implementing new technology doesn't lend well to their intended purpose as observed by the Supersonic Transport (SST) aircrafts for commercial flights such as Concorde [1] and the Tupolev Tu-144 [2]. This industry suffered a major crash, Air France Flight 4590, that killed 109 passengers and crew and led to the ultimate demise of the industry [3]. The result of these design challenges is the need for improved methods to identify, assess, and mitigate off-nominal behavior. While all industries seek to create safe and reliability systems, their failures continue to splash across the news with surprising regularity. The examples are nearly endless. Across 63 years (1957–2019) there have been 402 mission failures in the spaceflight industry including satellites, manned spacecrafts, rockets, etc. As a subset of these missions, the manned spaceflight industry has seen 118 failures with a total of 262 deaths [4]; there have been 5 manned flight incidents where 19 astronauts died, 8 training or testing incidents where 11 astronauts died, 35 incidents where a total of 232 non-astronauts died (e.g., civilians, employees, etc.), and 70 incidents (35 flight and 35 training or testing) where no deaths occurred. Beyond the 402 mission failures, there have also been 118 Satellite launch failures [4]. Since the introduction of the commercial airline industry in 1918, there have been a reported 154,984 deaths [3]. Since 1970, there have been 11,634 accidents. Even more alarming is that the annual death rate hasn't decreased much with time. The death rate per year between 1970–2018 is 1722 and between 1990–2018 is 1337. While this has reduced, a large number of accidents continue to cause a large number of deaths in this industry. According to [5], there have been 25 major dam failures, 16 of which have occurred in the last 50 years. The nuclear power industry has observed over 100 failures, several of which have resulted mitigations exceeding a billion US dollars. It is important to note that systems fail with regularity regardless of the system's type, purpose, or age, the industry that the system belongs, or the era in which it was designed and built. The continued increase in what we demand from our systems has always trumped the practitioner's ability to assess and mitigate off-nominal behavior. These facts show that failure has always been imminent. Until significant improvements are made to the way that we assess and mitigate failures, it is unreasonable to consider the outcome to change. As such, one element of assessment is to understand the variety of causes that involve the failures we observe. As such, this paper seeks to characterize failures by their cause. This is done by surveying a large number of failures from several different relevant industries, then deriving categories of failure cause. Seven categories of failures are identified including: development failures, induced failures, common cause failures, propagated failures, interaction failures, malicious failures, and management, customer, and misuse failures. By understanding the different classes of failures potentially present in complex systems, engineers can better choose which failure, risk, and reliability analysis tools are most appropriate to use with specific systems. This in turn may lead to more reliable systems that are less prone to failure throughout the system lifecycle.


This paper studies the computer aided study on the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in water treatment from the perspectives of data mining. How to effectively analyze the models of the water treatment, the computer aided methods should be combined. Especially, the novel data collection and analytic models. In this paper, the preparation of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanorods and its photocatalytic degradation of water treatment pollutants are studied based on computer-aided research. The performance of the proposed model is tested on different scenarios to validate the efficiency.


PURPOSE: A flexible cable manufacturing apparatus, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device using the same are provided to improve the productivity of a flexible cable by manufacturing a flexible cable by a simple operation of reciprocally moving the conductive line. CONSTITUTION: A conductive line supplying unit(30) supplies at least one conductive line(10). An alignment unit(40) aligns the conductive line supplied from the conductive line supplying unit. The alignment unit is arranged between the flexible films(20) in zigzag shape. A film supplying unit supplies the flexible film to surround the conductive line supplied from the aligning unit.


This project developed systems and procedures to support the effective use of learning and learning-support technologies within the School of Engineering. It targeted a range of modules that will benefit from the development of such systems and procedures across all levels of the programmes, and also addressed the learning, teaching and assessment support infrastructure within the School.

In addition, the project benefits in part from the involvement of the LTSO with the Schools of Mathematics and Chemistry in the development of similar systems and procedures. This feature of the project provides an excellent mechanism for dissemination of best practice.


A leak-proof hydraulic joint is a connecting joint applied to a hydraulic pipeline system and mainly comprises a sealed end thread, a hexahedron, a connection end thread, a central hole, a sealed end surface and an arc surface, wherein a cylindrical hydraulic joint is provided with the central hole, two ends of the hydraulic joint are respectively provided with the sealed end thread and the connection end thread, and the sealed end thread and the connection end thread are external threads; the middle of the hydraulic joint is provided with the hexahedron that can fix a wrench and screw the hydraulic joint; the side surface of the hexahedron is provided with an annular sealed end surface; a round of tool withdrawal groove is arranged between the sealed end thread and the annular sealed end surface; and the tool withdrawal groove consists of a round of arc surface and cylindrical surface, namely, the inner end of the sealed end thread is connected with the cylindrical surface, and the arc surface is between the cylindrical surface and the sealed end surface. The effect is as follows: with a sealed washer capable of being compacted, the hydraulic joint does not leak.


Seizures occurring after stroke are risk factors for the onset of ensuing epilepsy. However, the incidence of vascular epilepsy is low. The purpose of this study was to study vascular epilepsy features in a teaching university. It was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, conducted from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 in Cotonou Teaching Hospital (CNHU-HKM), Benin. It involved 35 patients brought together through comprehensive sampling. Vascular epilepsy hospital attendance rate was 2%. There were simple partial seizures in 74.28% of cases while cerebral ischemia was recorded in 44.44% of patients. Neurological consultation after stroke occurrence was a protective factor against the occurrence of vascular epilepsy with significant p at 0.001.


When Mrs Frances, age 53, came to the clinic for a routine BP and weight check, she was tired and irritable. Asked about her sleeping pattern, Mrs Frances said that she was experiencing uncomfortable
night sweats and interrupted sleep. She was also depressed, suffering with aching joints and felt little purpose in life now that her children had grownup and left home. Clearly, Mrs Frances was 'menopausal'!


A gauge invariant formulation for the massive axion is considered. The axion acquires mass through a topological term which couples a (pseudo)scalar and a third rank antisymmetric tensor. Duality, local and canonical equivalences with the non-gauge invariant proposal are established. The supersymmetric version of the gauge invariant model is constructed. It is well known that different theories can be related by duality transformations and their classical and quantum properties are equivalent. In four dimensions a massless (pseudo)scalar field: the axion, is dual to the antisymmetric field Bmn (only if derivative couplings are considered). This fact is a particular case of the general duality between p and D − p − 2 forms in D dimensions. In this sense, it is known that non-perturbative effects break the Pecci-Quinn (PQ) symmetry of the axion, giving mass to it. Then, a natural question arises, concernig about what happens with the duality symmetry. This item was an enigma until two independent approaches were developed recently [1], [2]. In these references the authors show that, though the PQ symmetry is broken, duality symmetry still remains. The Bmn field is replaced by a massive antisymmetric field of third rank Cmnp. A characteristic feature of this duality is the lost of abelian gauge invariance for the new antisymmetric field. The duality now corresponds to a particular case of the usual duality between massive p and D − p− 1 forms in D dimensions. The conection between a massive (pseudo)scalar field, φ, and a massive antisymmetric field, Cmnp has been considered before in different contexts


A B S T R A C T In developments such as cloud computing in data mining, it has been consider recent interest in the paradigm of data mining-as-a-service. A data owner needs in computational resources can outsource its mining needs to a third party service provider. In that case both the items and the association rules of the outsourced database are considered private property of the corporation. In that corporate property can protect to protect this privacy, first the data owner transforms its data and loads it to the server, server sends its mining queries to the server, and retrieve the true patterns from the extracted patterns received from the data owner. In the propose system we study the problem of Privacy-preserving Mining of Association Rules from Outsourced Transaction Databases. In that we can propose an attack model based on background knowledge and divided this scheme for privacy preserving outsourced data mining. Propose system ensures that each transformed item is identical, w.r.t. the attacker's background knowledge in the outsource transaction data mining.


A good deal of attention has been directed at the suggestion that office design including the arrangement of offices, furnishings, and physical objects present in the work setting influences job performance, job attitudes, and impressions. With almost 40 million people currently working in 9 billion square feet of office space in the United States,1 even relatively small influences of office design on performance, attitudes, and impressions could have a large impact on productivity levels and employee attitudes. Many managers are unaware of the relationship between office design and various organizational behaviors, attitudes, and impressions. In this paper, I will (1) identify and describe the ways various elements of office design influence attitudes and behaviors, (2) identify and describe symbolic messages conveyed by office design, and (3) elaborate on actions managers can take that may result in more efficient and effective work environments.


Abstract The Australasian lichen species Ramalea cochleata Müll. Arg. is placed into the new genus Notocladonia S. Hammer as Notocladonia cochleata (Müll. Arg.) S. Hammer. It is joined by a previously undescribed species from Australasia, N. undulata S. Hammer, a closed-axil, squamulose species with undulating apothecial tissue. Both species contain divaricatic and usnic acids. The Australasian species of Notocladonia are distinguished from species in the neotropical genus Ramalea Nyl. s. str. on the basis of their gross morphology, which is characterized by apically-borne apothecial tissue. In contrast, the species of Ramalea bear vegetative podetial tissue that grows above the apothecium. The lectotype for Ramalea tribulosa Nyl., the type species of the genus, is designated here.


Soybean protein is not easily digested because of its coexisting trypsin-inhibitor (TI). Practically, in cooking, soybean is usually boiled, steamed or parched in order to inactivate TI. In the previous report, the author described that the soybean protein is easily digested when soybean is parched before crush, but not when it is parched after crush. This report describes the change of TI activity when soybean was


Excerpt To the editor: Rice and associates (1) have done a well-designed, rigorous clinical trial on one of the common uses of aminophylline. The authors address the question of whether a widely us...


OBJECTIVES
To observed the effects of ginsenoside -Rh2 (GS-Rh2) on proliferation and apoptosis of side population (SP) human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
SGC-7901 SP and Non-SP cells were sorted by flow cytometry and assessed using the cck-8 method. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 of SP before and after the intervention was determined by Western-blotting.

RESULTS
It was found that the proliferation of SP was significantly faster than that of NSP (<0.05). In addition, GS-Rh2 inhibited proliferation of gastric cancer SP cells, induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, and changed the expression of BAX/Bcl-2 proteins in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
With increase of GS-Rh2 dose, GS-Rh2 gradually inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 SP cells, which have high proliferation rate, through G1/G0 phase arrest, followed by apoptosis which involves the up-regulation of Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2.


In the coded caching problem as originally formulated by Maddah-Ali and Niesen, a server communicates via a noiseless broadcast link to multiple users that have local storage capability. In order for a user to decode the desired file from the coded multicast transmission, the demands of all the users must be globally known, which may violate the privacy of the users. To overcome this privacy problem, Wan and Caire recently proposed several schemes that attain coded multicasting gain while simultaneously guarantee information theoretic privacy of the users'demands. In device to device (D2D) networks, the demand privacy problem is further exacerbated by the fact that each user is also a transmitter, which should know the demanded messages of the other users in order to form coded multicast transmissions. This paper solves this seemingly unfeasible problem with the aid of a trusted server. Specifically, during the delivery phase, the trusted server collects the users' demands and sends a query to each user, who then broadcasts multicast packets according to this query. The main contribution of this paper is the development of novel achievable schemes and converse bounds for D2D private caching with a trusted server, where users may be colluding, that are to within a constant factor of one another.


Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone from Andrographis paniculata, has multiple pharmacological activities. And its acetylated derivatives showed improved antitumour activities. Herein, a total of ten lipases and four proteases were tested for regioselective acylation(s) of andrographolide by vinyl acetate in acetone. Although the enzyme activity was markedly source-dependent, the highest conversion with better initial reaction rate was achieved with immobilized Candida antarcticalipase B (Novozym 435), which displayed higher operational stability. The regioselective acylation at the 14-hydroxyl of the lactone was established by a combination of spectroscopic methods including 1H and 13C NMR, DEPT, ESI-MS and FTIR spectra of the transformed product. The present work accommodated a feasible enzymatic approach for preparing andrographolide monoester, which possesses obvious advantages over the multi-step chemical process in terms of excellent regioselectivity, simplicity, environmental friendliness and mild reaction conditions.


The present analysis addresses the primary balance response to the debt of Spanish Autonomous Com¬munities (ACs) from 1987 to 2015. Overall, the results provide evidence of a nonlinear relationship between these variables, which points to a situation of fiscal fatigue and reduced fiscal space. In 2015 the regional debt ratio stood at 26.8% of Gross Value Added, slightly above our lower estimate for the debt limit (24%) and well below the upper estimate (37%). We obtain lower debt limit thresholds when controlling for the extraordinary liquidity support measures provided by the central government. A reduced fiscal space in ACs calls for measures to ensure a sustainable debt trajectory and regain some room to deal with potential negative shocks.


Software refactoring has been identified as a key technique for the maintenance and evolution of object-oriented systems. Most interesting are high-impact refactorings, that is, refactorings that have a strong impact on the quality of the system's architecture. "Bad smells " and code metrics have been suggested as means for identifying refactoring needs. According to our experience these techniques are useful yet, in order to spot opportunities for high-impact refactorings, they should be complemented with the analysis of architectural violations. The subject of this report is a mid-sized Java enterprise application from the telecommunications domain whose functionality had to be radically extended We show how we combined several tools and techniques to identify' opportunities for high-impact refactorings, and discuss the resulting architecture, the refactoring process, tool support as well as related experiences


Dynamic languages have evolved quite a bit over the past few decades. While there's always room for improvement, the current generation of languages have rich semantics and expressive syntax, making for a pleasant developer experience. Developers can clearly represent ideas, decreasing the maintenance burden while supporting rapid development. Dynamic languages such as Python, Ruby, JavaScript, PHP, and Lua power a substantial portion of web applications and services today. However, diminishing returns in terms of single-core performance and memory bandwidth improvements combined with the limited computational resources available in budget-minded cloud computing have highlighted the inefficiencies of language interpreters. To remain relevant in the decades to come, dynamic language VMs must make a concerted effort to reduce overhead and make effective use of performance features made available by the underlying platform. Dynamic optimization through JIT compilation has proven to be an effective mechanism for improving dynamic language performance, but building and maintaining a JIT compiler is an expensive undertaking. Meta-compilation promises to reduce those costs, but incurs other costs that hamper adoption in industry. Through the lens of a company deploying thousands of Ruby projects into production, we assess the limitations of current VMs, highlight the most impactful advancements, and consider what's most important for the coming decades.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the attitudes of Bulgarians towards country's historical monuments, communist heritage, communist heritage tourism and their willingness to participate in communist heritage trips.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample includes 359 respondents recruited via an online survey. Mann-Whitney U-test is used to identify the differences in the respondents' attitudes towards communist heritage tourism in Bulgaria on the basis of their age, gender, frequency of visit to historical monuments, attitudes towards country's communist past, prior visit to, familiarity with and attitude towards communist monuments and identification of communist monuments with country's heritage.

Findings

The respondents who visited historical monuments more frequently, had more positive attitudes towards communist past of the country and its communist monuments, those who had visited and were very familiar with the communist monuments were more supportive towards donating money for the restoration of communist monuments and their inclusion in tourism supply.

Practical implications

The paper reveals that domestic communist heritage tourism demand exists in Bulgaria and tour operators need to focus on including communist heritage in tourism supply.

Social implications

Communist heritage is controversial and different social groups perceive it differently, depending on their attitudes towards communism as a political, economic and social system.

Originality/value

The paper compares the attitudes towards historical and communist monuments and revealed that communist monuments received less support for inclusion in tourism supply than historical monuments; the respondents were less inclined to participate in trips to them and to donate money for their restoration.


IMEPERIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND. THE annual meeting of the general committee of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund was held at Marlborough House, on Monday, July lst, H R.H, the PRINCE OF WALES presiding. Among those present were Sir William Church, Sirs Richa rd Douglas Powell, Mr. Henry Morris, Sir Henry R. Swanzy, Sir Henry Howse, Sir John McFadyean, Dr.. Johu ,Tatham, Dr. Rose Bradford, Mr. HI T. Butlip, I*r. W. Watson Cheyne, Mr. Ludwig Neumann, Mr. S. Neumann, Mr. Edmund Owen, Mr. H. J. Stiles, Dr. E. F. Bashford (General Superintendent of Research), Dr. J. A Murray, Dr. Haaland, Sir Julius Wernher, and Sir C. Morrison 13e11. The Secretary, Mr. F. G, Hallett, announced that Mr. Arthur Balfour, Sir William Broadbent, Lord.Strathcona, Mr. H. L. Bischoffeheim, Mr. Astor, Adeline Duchees of Bedford, Lady Leconfield, Lord Rothachild, and Sir Tbomas and Lady Glen-Coats had written expressing their regret at their inability to be present.


Linears and non-linears viscoelastic properties play an important role in polymer processing. On addition of fillers (whether fibrous or particulate) the material's behaviour becomes very complicated. This paper presents the steady–state and dynamic viscoelastic properties of short carbon-fibre filled polypropylene (CF/PP) melts measured by a cone-plate type rheogoniometer. Storage and loss moduli were analyzed quantitatively by the Lissajous figures procedure (L method) as well as by Fourier series expansion (F method) to determine their respective higher order terms as the indicators of nonlinear viscoelasticity. The dependence of these components on fibre content and oscillatory angle, q was investigated. The results were compared with similar analytical data for CF filled liquid crystalline polymer (CF/LCP) melts. In the presently researched systems the CF content affects the viscosity, and at 15 and 20% an apparent yield stress appears. The complex viscosity is different for pure PP and its filled systems when measured as a function of θ. While for the unfilled polymer the viscoelasticity can be considered linear, for CF/PP some non-linearity must be taken into account, especially at higher value of θ. In general, the filled systems show complex viscoelastic behaviour with some irregularities, e.g. some of the higher order terms of the storage modulus are negative, which was not seen in the previous study of fibre filled LCP systems.


Due to the 'spike and tail' phenomenon of asset returns, the applicability of the Black-Scholes model for pricing convertible bonds has been questioned, and the variance gamma model can cope well with this phenomenon and solve the 'volatility smile dilemma'. This paper combines the variance gamma model with the least squares Monte Carlo simulation method to empirically analyze the Everbright convertible bond based on its high activity in the Chinese market. In this paper, the predicted price and the actual price are compared, and the applicability of the variance gamma model in the Chinese convertible bond market is analyzed. Empirical results show that the fitting price predicted by the variance gamma model is consistent with the actual price trend, indicating that the method is applicable to the Chinese convertible bond market.


Technology as an educational issue - social and political perspectives, Hughie Mackay social choice in machine design - the case of automatically controlled machine tools, David Noble the gendering of technology, Cynthia Cockburn the selling of the new technology, Frank Webster and Kevin Robins the information society - ideological or Utopia? David Lyon mass production, The Fordist System and its crisis, John Mathews life after Henry Ford, Robin Murray the cultural production and consumption of IT, Leslie Haddon a dialectics of determinism - deconstructing information technology, Paul Dowling microcomputers in education - dead and living labour, Pam Linn.


Controlling the size, shape and structure of nanocrystals is technologically important because of the strong effect of size and shape on optical, electrical, and catalytic properties. Monodispersed nanocrystals of copper oxide were prepared by the precipitation–pyrolysis method. By controlling the starting materials, reactive concentration and annealing temperature, we can obtain spherical monodispersed CuO nanocrystals of different sizes or rodlike CuO nanocrystals. The particle sizes of CuO monodispersed nanocrystals can be tuned in the range between and 30 nm. The products have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and the UV–visible absorption spectrum. The absorption spectra of CuO nanocrystals show clear evidence of the quantum size effect. The possible formation mechanism of monodispersed CuO nanocrystals is discussed.


The Eisenstein Criterion is a sharp tool, i.e. a sufficient condition to judge a polynomial irreducible by using the coefficients of the polynomial. In particular, it plays an important role in studying totally ramified extensions of local fields. In this report, we shall generalize the Eisenstein Criterion for totally ramified extensions of local fields, and then we can get some results about extensions of local fields, that is to say, the conditions of tamely ramified extensions are cyclic or metacyclic.


The objective of this study is to analyze the working reality of teachers in the rural area of some communities in Santa Teresa and São Roque do Canaã – ES having as a starting point the undestanding of the strategies . They use to deal with the


Abstract : The topics are a theoretical development and an experimental investigation of the transformation of water-wave characteristics in the reflection and transmission processes through channel transitions of varying geometry, connecting two prismatic channels of constant cross section. The theoretical developments are based on small amplitude linearized wave theory in an inviscid, homogeneous and incompressible fluid. Two theoretical aspects were treated: (1) The wave amplitude variation in a channel of constant width for a bottom of arbitrary configuration was obtained for the various characteristics of the oncoming waves. Reflection and transmission coefficients were derived for shallow water waves for gradual channel transitions. The experimental part of the report is concerned with the determinations of reflection and transmission coefficients and of the energy relations including dissipation. Experimental relations were also found with regard to wave steepness, a factor which cannot be theoretically dealt with so far in channel transitions. (Author)


The Regional Traveling Seminar on Community-based Reproductive Health Services was held in Vietnam in October 1995 with the objective of shifting the emphasis from family planning (FP) to comprehensive reproductive health in the wake of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. Participants came from Bangladesh, Laos, Nepal, and the Philippines implementing the sustainable community-based FP and maternal-child health (MCH) project. Participants from China and Vietnam were implementing the integrated community-based FP project. The 25 participants focused on reproductive health strategies and their availability in the community. They were divided into two groups who visited two districts in two provinces. In Vietnam numerous examples of community self-help efforts were encountered against a backdrop of fast economic development, although most people still live in poor conditions. Yet the people of communes ensure the availability of health care, e.g., by providing rice to health workers and by constructing a health center. Vietnam also has rapidly integrated its reproductive health services into its existing FP/MCH system. The shift to comprehensiveness aimed to reduce the rate of induced abortion, provide more pre- and postabortion counseling, and expand postnatal care. Women play an active role in these efforts owing to their empowerment at all levels including policy making and decision making. Raising the health and socioeconomic status of women is a government policy. The role of the Women's Union in a network of motivated volunteers was perceptible: they promote health education and FP linking the health center and the community. Incentives, more information, education, and communication materials, and income-generating programs are proposed for sustaining this volunteer system. The need to increase the range of contraceptives and wider access to services was also noted.


Lighting quality and productivity are positively correlative in general,which fits in construction.The study starts by looking at the rules and conditions of current temporary lighting systems,then analyzes the selecting and economy problem of the temporary construction lighting systems.The paper explains the relationship of temporary construction lighting and productivity.One objective of the paper is to offer evidence for the establishing of lowest standard of temporary construction lighting in China,the other is to instruct the practice of the temporary construction lighting.Higher portion of productive labour on a construction site is one of the goals of lean construction.Improving the working environment for the workers on construction sites is increasing productive labour.Improving the temporary lighting on the jobsite is a very effective method of improving the work environment.


The energy criterion of the crack growth is applied. Under the loading constant in time, the crack growth is stepwise. Two different types of the crack propagation are found. In the case of the load linearly increasing in time, the crack propagates smoothly. The models of Euler and Timoshenko give similar results for thin beams.


: This paper investigates a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in a data center equipped with a previously developed super-multipoint temperature sensing system. This system is expected to be a key technology for reducing the total power consumption of the HVAC system by controlling the inlet temperature distribution of the servers in real time. For this purpose, we present an overview of our fan-control system based on model predictive control. The main objective of this paper is to identify a dynamical model of temperature variations, in order to predict the future evolution of the distribution. However, the spatially high-density temperature data provided by the sensing system is not suited to the needed model accuracy, and the present modeling problem is di ff erentiated from standard ones. We thus present a systematic scheme for the spatial density reduction of sensors by using spectral clustering and graph theory and associated techniques to acquire the dynamical model. Through simulation with real data, we finally show that the developed model achieves an accuracy of 0.58 degrees Celsius on average.


This paper investigates the dissipative sampled-data control problem of T-S fuzzy systems subject to time-varying delays and actuator fault. The main purpose of this article is to design a delayed robust control law such that the resulting closed-loop system is strictly (Q, S, R)-α-dissipative. More precisely, by introducing a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, Wirtinger-based integral inequality and using Schur complement, some sufficient conditions for the solvability of the addressed problem are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. In particular, all the obtained sufficient conditions are easily verified by using Matlab LMI toolbox. At last, simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control scheme.


With a focus on songwriting, this article reports on the place of rock and pop as a means for generating creative output in the current Welsh secondary school curriculum. The article outlines how guidance from industry professionals in addition to a robust and relevant pop and rock
 curriculum can facilitate pupils accessing employment in the contemporary music industry.


When Mary Trye published her only known work, Medicatrix; or the Woman Physician, in 1675, it was in defense of the attacks on her late father, Thomas O'Dowde, and also an impassioned justification of their shared belief in the science of chemical medicine. The text was framed around a series of "excoriating" attacks on Henry Stubbe, whom she called the Medicus at Warwick. A vocal critic of chemical medicine, Stubbe was a prolific author whose works include An Epistolary Discourse Concerning Phlebotomy (1671), which emphasized his adherence to the Galenic humoral bodily economy model that advocated bloodletting to rebalance suspected excesses of blood, one of the four main humors. Trye was offended not just by the potentially libellous comments Stubbe made about her father in his printed works, but more significantly, by comments in Stubbe's "private Notes and Manuscripts" that had been passed to her. These notes showed that Stubbe had continued his comments about O'Dowde many years after the latter's death during the Great Plague of 1665. The papers perhaps came into Trye's possession during her recent visit to Warwickshire; indeed, she had dedicated her treatise to Lady Fisher, who lived at Packington Hall in


Many soliton equations, their solutions and their properties, can be deduced from simpler (essentially linear) equations involving more complicated objects, e.g., integral operators. The deduction process from the operator‐valued equation to the scalar one amounts to some rather simple procedure like taking a trace or a determinant. This is described for the class of soliton equations solvable with the Zakharov–Shabat spectral transform.


A 12-year-old girl presented with acute abdominal pain and vomiting. Raised serum amylase with the radiological findings supported a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Subsequent investigation confirmed celiac disease. Very few children with celiac disease present with an acute pancreatitis. The mechanism by which celiac disease is associated with pancreatitis is discussed here.