Tools and environments for natural language processing (NLP) originated approximately four decades ago with dictionary-based machine translation systems. When examining the evolution of the field, one observes a transition from these "embryonic" systems of the fifties to the more adaptable, robust, and user-friendly environments of the nineties. Currently, the state-of-the-art in such systems is based on a wide variety of linguistic theories, cognitive models, and engineering approaches. The paper looks briefly at the tools and environments available today.<<ETX>>


Academic libraries are looking for ways to grow their involvement in and scale-up their support for research activities. The successful transition depends to a large extent on the library's ability to systematically manage data, break down information silos and unify workflows across the library, research office and researchers. Data repositories are at the heart of this challenge, yet often institutional repositories are not built to address the needs of modern research data management due to inability to store all research assets, lack of consistent data models, and insufficient workflows. This chapter will present a new approach to research data management that ensures visibility of research output and data, data coherency, and compliance with open access standards. The authors will discuss a 'Next-Generation Research Repository' that spans multiple data management activities, including automated data capture, metadata enrichment, dissemination, compliance-related workflows, automated publication to scholarly profiles, as well as open integration with the research ecosystem.


The problem of ensuring an adequate level of the technical condition of a building occurs over the entire period it is in service. In solving problems connected with developing a prediction of changes in performance characteristics of a residential building, it is suggested that algorithms of determining changes in the reliability of technical devices be used. The process of changes in the technical condition of technical equipment can be managed by making decisions regarding repairs or replacing components. The prognosis of unfavourable processes will make it possible to determine the time frame in which the technical condition of a building will be unsatisfactory in the future, and thus necessitate repair works. Applying optimal prophylactic replacements requires a knowledge of the time span that the components of the building can be expected to work properly. To model situations in survival analysis, the Rayleigh distribution for the random variable of time was accepted. In the article, the model of the life span curve for a residential building has been presented, where the Pareto principle was applied as the strategy for undertaking renovation works. Modelling various scenarios of use helps to choose the optimal planning of renovation works on a building. The characteristics of various strategies influence the shape of the life cycle curve of the building. Applying the Pareto principle is an example of a strategy of renovation works on residential buildings. Applying the Raleigh distribution to predict reliability is possible thanks to the analysis of a set of data including the values of the degrees of wear of actual residential buildings


This paper describes a method of isolating high resolution digitizers which have a common ground for different channels, so the digitizers can be used simultaneously with current shunts and resistive voltage dividers in wideband power meters. The isolators have sufficient amplitude stability up to 100 kHz to be used in static meter testing. The isolators when used in a switch formation provide a method to cancel out the phase angle errors when trying to measure the difference in phase angles between channels.


Metabolites of Endophytic fungi as an important resource to find new bioactive compounds has received growing concern.In this paper,30 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from roots,stems and leaves of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb respectively,and morphological observation was employed to identify the endophytic fungi strains.The results showed that 30 endophytic fungi strains from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb were Penicillium,Acremonium,Fusarium,Rhizopus,Saccharomyces,Arachniotus Schrot,Mucor,andSclerotinia.Meantime,effects of these Endophytic fungi strains on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated.The result indicated that 9 strains exerted antibacterial activity.Then,extracts of Endophytic fungi fermentation were used to treat Staphylococcus aureus,and the result indicated that only 3 strains of Fusarium exerted the antibacterial activity.Our results might be significant to study the bioactivity of endophytic fungi from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb and find bioactive compounds in future.


Based on the remote sensing data,information of the distribution of sea ice in the Bohai Sea was invariably vitiated by the illusory ice-pixel.Under the analysis of acquired image,the discussion of the derivative of the system response function by using four kinds of ice-water edge structure was made.Without the information of the sensor and atmosphere,the deconvolution filters were derived specifically for each image from its function in the frequency domain and transform into space domain by the invert fourier.Finally,the difference of values between the sea water pixel with illusory ice-pixel in neighborhood was reduced through this converse progress method in the Modis image,and most of illusory ice-pixel can be picked off from the real sea ice pixels.


How to execute the order allocation when logistics service integrator(LSI) faces to many functional logistics service providers(FLSP) under indeterminate customer demand environment was discussed.Based on the characteristics of order allocation in logistics service supply chain,the order allocation model with multiform logistics capacity was given.This model considers four goals including to minimize the cost of LSI,to maximize the satisfactory of FLSP,to minimize the penalty intensity from FLSP and to match different logistics capacity possibly.The model solution method was also proposed.A practical example was given by software LINGO 8.0 and the effects of demand uncertainty and relationship cost coefficient on order allocation were discussed.The results show that with the augment of uncertainty,the general cost of LSI is increasing,the total satisfactory of all FLSPs is decreasing while the general penalty intensity of all FLSPs is increasing.Meanwhile,the relationship coefficient is closely correlative with the satisfactory and general penalty intensity of FLSPs.The greater the relationship cost coefficientis,the more satisfactory and the less penalty intensity of FLSPs.


IN A LECTURE to the Amalgamated Active Workers' School in 1924, Charles Beard described the relationship between labor unions and history. Beard reminded his audience that since the beginning of organized society, labor has been an important part of the history of the world. He went on to explain that in order for labor to affect society and achieve its current goals it must use history to gain an understanding of the forces that have created the present situation. As he put it, "By inquiries into the past, we can find the roots of the living present." He also pointed out that each age writes the story of the past in the terms of its major interests.1


The aims of this study were (1) to find out how the teachers of SMP Negeri 5 Banda Aceh prepare teaching and learning process on listening instruction. (2) to find out how the teachers of SMP Negeri 5 Banda Aceh conduct teaching and learning process of listening instruction. And (3) to find out how the teachers of SMP Negeri 5 Banda Aceh evaluate the result on teaching and learning process of listening instruction. The subject of this study was the teachers of SMP Negeri 5 Banda Aceh who teach English. The number subjects are two teachers. The method used was descriptive analysis. Required data were collected through observation and interview.  The data were analyzed by narration procedure and discussing. The result shows that before teaching and learning process was conducted, the teachers prepared teaching administrative requirement such as lesson plan based on the syllabus. The schedule and time allocation were suited with annual program, terms, and duration of effective week. During the teaching process, the teachers used four techniques of teaching listening skills namely: listening to dialogue, listening to a song, listening to the story that the teacher read and discussed. In teaching and listening process of listening instruction, the teacher applied Learner-Centered Approach. Next, the teachers evaluated students in two kinds of tests namely ongoing process test and final test.


One of the most well-known refreshment that is needed by people in doing their daily activities is humor. Humor can be performed in some forms. One of them is humorous comic strip. Conversations in a humorous comic strip can produce a humor effect when they are flouting the rules of Grice?s conversational maxims. The four conversational maxims are Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Relation, and Maxim of Manner. In this research, the writer was interested in finding out what conversational maxims are flouted in Dilbert comic strip and also the purposes of the flouting of the conversational maxims. As the main theories, the writer used the theory of Grice?s conversational maxims by Brown and Yule (1996), flouting of Grice?s conversational maxims theory proposed by Thomas (1995), and schemata theory proposed by Brown andYule (1983). The writer used a descriptive qualitative approach. From the findings, the writer found that in every humorous conversation, especially in Dilbert comic strips as the research object of this study, there was flouting of conversational maxims. In Dilbert strips, the writer found that all of the four conversational maxims were flouted. Furthermore, all of the flouting of conversational maxims had the purpose that is to make satire. The satire teased the reality that almost all people could see in business nowadays. For example, there were satires to tease money-oriented companies, incompetent managers, exploited and depressed employees, et cetera. Last of all, she also found that flouting the conversational maxims did not mean that the speakers could not communicate well. Without observing the four conversational maxims, the speakers actually still could understand each other, in fact, it could make humorous effect.


At the 2011 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) in Seattle, we convened a panel discussion on the work of political ecologists outside of the academy. We framed the discussion in terms of principled engagement, attempting to highlight the challenges of making a critical perspective "stick" in the world of mainstream environment and development practice. Featuring six participants, the session grew out of a call for papers that had generated a number of interested and supportive responses, but few commitments to actually dive into preparing a twenty minute paper and presentation. We opted instead for a panel discussion with six scholars who are all involved – in the


Tilmicosin β-cyclodextrin polymer(β-CDP) microspheres was prepared by coprecipitation method.The influence of preparation conditions on tilmicosin β-CDP microspheres and its drug release in vitro were investigated.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and granularity analyzer were used to character tilmicosin β-CDP microspheres.The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows:the quantity of β-CDP was 3 g,the quantity of tilmicosin was 0.25 g,the reaction temperature was 50 ℃,the reaction time was 1.0 h,the stirring speed was 400 r·min-1.The yield and drug encapsulation rate were 81.60% and 66.05%,respectively under above conditions.The tilmicosin β-CDP microspheres was uniform in particle size distribution,was round in appearance,and had a good drug release in PBS(pH=7.4).And Korsmeyer-Peppas equation was adapted for its drug release characteristic.


We present a new general construction of a recursion operator from the zero-curvature representation. Using it, we find a recursion operator for the stationary Nizhnik–Veselov–Novikov equation and present a few low-order symmetries generated with the help of this operator.


Otholobium glandulosum (L.) J.W. Grimes (= Psoralea glandulosa L.) (Fabaceae) is a resinous bush that grows in Chile. The chemical composition of its resinous exudate was determined for the first time. Three meroterpenic: bakuchiol (8), 3-hydroxybakuchiol (11), 12-hydroxyisobakuchiol (12) and a new compound kuchiol (13) were isolated and their structures were determined. The antioxidant activity of the terpenic compounds and resin was evaluated using the bleaching of DPPH radical, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Total Reactive Antioxidant Properties (TRAP) assays.


We study the mass of the state $Y(2175)$ of ${J}^{PC}={1}^{--}$ in the QCD sum rule. We construct both the diquark-antidiquark currents $(ss)(\overline{s}\overline{s})$ and the meson-meson currents $(\overline{s}s)(\overline{s}s)$. We find that there are two independent currents for both cases and derive the relations between them. The operator product expansion convergence of these two currents is sufficiently fast, which enables us to perform good sum rule analysis. Both the SVZ (Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov) sum rule and the finite energy sum rule lead to a mass around $2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, which is consistent with the observed mass within the uncertainties of the present QCD sum rule. The coupling of the four-quark currents to lower lying states such as $\ensuremath{\phi}(1020)$ turns out to be rather small. We also discuss possible decay properties of $Y(2175)$ if it is a tetraquark state.


The invention relates to a valuable and security paper consists of a paper substrate, said substrate having a front and a back, wherein up to the front side of the substrate or in the substrate, at least one security element and is incorporated in the is the form of an endless element or a single element or implemented in the form of planchets or mottling fibers. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a value and security paper. According to the invention the translucency or transparency of the substrate is increased on the back side of the substrate at least in partial areas of the security element with a watermark color, so that the recognizability of information on the back of the security element and / or in phantom recognizable information of the security element, for example, by demetallization of partial areas of the security element are formed, is improved from the back side of the substrate.


The paper deals with important aspects countries need to consider in relation to internationalization & the rise of knowledge society. Along with this, three research questions such as What are the current patterns being observed in internationalization so far? What step must the government & HEIS take in order to facilitate internationalization & a better place in the knowledge society? What are the assumed benefits & the known challenges? are raised & discussed. For a clear understanding of the paper as a whole, basic terminologies such as internationalization & globalization, & levels at which HE internationalization works are discussed briefly based on literature outcomes. Finally, concluding remarks were put in place.


Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) are obligate, permanent ectoparasites of humans, entirely dependent upon their vertebrate hosts for survival. Pubic lice have a very simplified body form as a result of their parasitic characteristics, being wingless and dorsoventrally flattened. In the study, the pubic lice taken from a male patient were examined morphologically in detail and their taxonomic characteristics were presented. The lice specimens were examined for morphological and taxonomic characteristics under a light microscope. The identification of the Pthirus pubis species was made by determining the height, anatomical body parts, dorsal and ventral morphological details of the adult male and female two pubic lice. Examined adult pubic lice were light cream-colored, 1-2 mm in length, and their anatomical structures included three pairs of legs, two prominent antennae, and parts of the thorax and abdomen in a combined structure. Pthirus pubis causes pediculosis pubis disease in humans. The disease can be sexually transmitted to humans. Pthirus pubis is spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact. Pubic louse is a major public health problem that can be contagious among humans, and it has great importance to know their morphological characters to diagnose this ectoparasite and distinguish it from other insects.


Bangladesh is a delta formed by sedimentation from the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna rivers and its distributaries and tributaries. Among these three major rivers, the Brahmaputra carries the highest (about 67%)annual flow to Bangladesh from China, India and Bhutan. In order to assess the water availability and predict floods in Bangladesh, it is necessary to establish a hydrologic model over the Brahmaputra basin. In this study, a physical based model SWAT has been set up over the Brahmaputra basin. The model has been calibrated and validated using the observed daily flow data at Bahadurabad from 1998 to 2007. Rainfall data from three gridded global standard data products, namely, TRMM, APHRDOTIE and GPCP, have been used to simulate the model.It has been found that TRMM data are more accurate than APHRODITE and GPCP. After calibrationg the model,SWAT has been simulated for dry,wet and extreme ensembles of PRECIS model for 2020s,2050s and 2080s. It has been found that the percentange of monsoon flow will increase to4-15% and the pre-monsoon flow will increase to25-92% at the end century.


This paper presents system-level modeling and simulation of force-balance MEMS comb accelerometers. The work focuses on the theoretical principles of the sense element and the interface electronics at first. Based on that, the parametric model of the sense element is established in this paper, and the simulation results of this model match well with the theoretical results, which can prove we can use the parametric model of the sense element to establish the system-level model of force-balance MEMS comb accelerometers. The system-level model of force-balance MEMS comb accelerometers including the parametric model of the sense element and the interface electronics is established in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the designed force-balance comb accelerometer has high sensitivity, wide range, low nonlinear distortion and wide bandwidth.


Team mental models (TMMs) may be defined as stable mental representations at the team level which include key knowledge for the team regarding the team itself (i.e. team members roles), the task to...


Being one of the most influential Chinese classical literature in the world, Analects has been repeatedly translated into English. One of the keys to the correct translation of this book is the meaning of two words: junzi and xiaoren. These two words in Analects have rich implication , therefore can not be totally replaced by any pair of words in English.


An important part of adding pen-based computing capabilities to Solaris 2.x is the need for supporting handwriting recognition. Microsoft Windows for Pen Computing (MWPC), Go Corp.'s Penpoint, and the Apple Newton Development Environment contain software modules that allow pen stroke data to be translated into text or graphics. Similar support for Solaris 2.x is the topic of this document. The API described in this document is based loosely on the MWPC API and, to a lesser extent, on the Penpoint API. One major difference is that the Solaris HRE API lacks the tight integration with the window system which the other major commercial pen-based systems feature. Separation between the window system and the recognizer reduces interconnections between major software modules, thereby facilitating the independent development of both. Currently, the major window system of choice on Solaris is X, but there are a number of different window toolkits in use (XView, OLIT, Motif, COSE, Interviews , etc.) and the introduction of object-oriented technologies in the future is likely to result in more. By careful attention to separation of concerns in the design, the recognizer and window system need only touch in two areas: • A data structure to transmit pen strokes, button state, and rectangular regions to the recognizer, • A data structure to transmit some general information about the tablet which the recognizer may require to perform proper scaling or prefil-tering. Another major difference is that the translation model featured by the Solaris HRE API is a stateful model rather than a stateless model. The other commercial pen-based systems require buffering of strokes between translations to be done by the application code. The recognizer retains no memory of strokes between one call and another, and is therefore stateless. In the Solaris API, the recognizer can buffer strokes between translation calls, allowing sophisticated recognizers to make greater use of context information in translation. Context can help facilitate more accurate translation. In addition, an application can combine stroke buffering with Solaris multithreading to obtain faster translation and more interactivity.


This dissertation identifies and analyses propaganda in games for children. A case
study of games in the National Socialism context interprets examples of influential
games and the development of manufacturers during the Second World War. An
outlook on today's toy market studies the ongoing influence of recent games
regarding the increase of patriotism.
The research questions are answered through qualitative research, including case
studies and content analysis.
Games are defined as propaganda if they have a political influence on the child, e.g.
militarisation, nationalism or globalisation. The high effect of games on children is
explained with several theories on how they play and learn. Games are an important
part of their identity and help them to try out life plans and build their personalities.
Play prepares them for reality. The ideas of play can be influenced by the material
offered. Children are easy to influence and may adapt the views throughout their life.
The disadvantage is that children cannot process as much information or understand
political topics in their full complexity. The propaganda has to be specifically designed
for the age group. Theories about propaganda and ideology are also applied. Tuch's
(1990) theory of white, grey and black propaganda is the key theory. Most games are
identified as grey propaganda, as they have a manipulative effect without falsifying
information or sources.
The toy market shows changes with the political situation, e.g. a militarisation in the
product range before a war.
This dissertation offers ideas on research about the media handling of children.


Introduction: A trichobezoar is a mass of The relationship between preoperative keratometry (K) and visual outcomes in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has been studied in high myopia and hyperopia, but not in moderate myopia. Rao SK et al report increased under-correction in ey es with preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) of −10.0 to −11.9 diopters (D), and in ey es with flat corneas com pared with steeper corneas. Williams LB et al, conversely , reported under-correction and loss of best spectacle correc ted visual acuity (BSCVA) following hyperopic LASIK in eyes with steep corneas, compared with flat corneas.7Some refrac tive surgeons have expressed concern that a relatively steep postoperative cornea following hyperopic LASIK may reduce the quality of outcomes. However, published studies examining the association between postopera tive keratometry and visual outcomes y ield conflicting results. One possible reason for these conflicting findings is the covariance of postopera tive keratometry with preoperative sphere. Specifically , higher levels of hyperopic correc tion typically result in steeper postoperative keratometry , but larger corrections (due to high preoperative sphere values) also tend to result in poorer outcomes, irrespective of keratometry. Therefore, to accurately assess how postoperative keratometry affects visual outcomes, an analy sis must diffe rentiate the effec t of a large sphere correc tion from the effec t of a steep postopera tive cornea. However, studies with limited sample sizes may lack the statistical power to discriminate between these two effects, and most of the ava ilable published reports include fewer than 150 eyes. Aims and Objectives: To study the effec t of flat cornea on the visual outcome following LASIK. Material and Methods: Our study was a Prospective observational study conducted at the LASIK centre at the Postgraduate Department of Ophthalmology, Govt. Medical College Srinagar . The study was conducted over a period of one and a half year on 89 patients (174 myopic eyes. The pre-LASIK examination included; assessment of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp exam ination, biomicroscopy , non-contac t tonometry, indirec t opthalmoscospy , specular microscopy for measuring central corneal thickness and cornea l topography . Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age >18 years. 2. A stable refrac tion change of less than 0.5 Diopters(D) in the last year 3. Preoperative cycloplegic spherical refraction between -1.00 D and -8.00 D of myopia and up to -3.00 D of astigmatism. 4. Preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) > 6/9. 5. Estimated residual thickness of the stroma of at least 250 μm after laser ablation with emmetropia being the goal in all cases. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Keratoconus or forma frustakeratoconus 2. Central cornea l thickness < 450 μm. 3. Unstable refraction 4. Prior ocular and/or cornea l surgery 5. Connective tissue disorder 6. Pregnancy and breast feeding 7. Severe dry eye disease. LASIK was done using the Moria One Use Plus micro-keratome (MoriaSurgicals, France) that creates a flap of 9mm with an intended thickness of 100 micro meter with a nasal hinge. Subsequent laser ablation was done with the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL 80 (Germany) Excimer laser. All eyes were treated using an identical method with optical zone diameter ranging from 6.00 mm to 7.00 mm.Cornea l topography was performed on ATLAS (ZIESS) machine. Analy sis of the topographic maps was done besides measuring the cornea l keratometry (K) in the flat and steep axis. Pre and postoperative average K = (K flat + K steep)/ 2 was ca lculated.Patient were examined post-LASIK at third month and cornea l keratometry was done. Results: Table-3: Effect of keratometry on spherica l equivalent Group Mean Pre-LASIK Keratometry No. of Eyes Mean Spherica l Equivalent Post Lasik Spherical Equivalent A 40.12 35 -4.00 -0.75 B 44.00 118 -4.25 -0.25 C 45.50 21 -3.75 -0.25 Our study showed that Group A with mean pre-LASIK keratometry of 40.12D had mean postlasik spherical equivalent towards higher myopic side ie 0.-75diopter as compared to Group B and C with residual spherical equivalent of 0.-25diopter. Discussion: Our study showed that pre LASIK mean keratometry influences the visual outcome. The factors influencing the final visual outcome was attributed to the fac t that eyes with pre LASIK flatter cornea(mean k 40.12 D), showed a tendency towards under correction as depicted in Table 3. We grouped eyes according to preLASIK keratometry and found that the post-LASIK spherical equivalent was towards higher myopic side in group A with mean pre LASIK keratometry of 40.12 D as com pared to other groups despite mean pre LASIK spherical equivalent being comparable in all the groups. Our results were supported by many studies, Our study conc luded flatter corneas have a tendency towards under-correc tion Copyright © 2020, Samiera Hassan et a l. This is an open access article distr ibuted under the Creative Commons At tribution License, which permits unrestr icted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ISSN: 0975-833X International Journal of Current Research Vol. 12, Issue, 03, pp.10717-10720, March, 2020


: 3D printing has been described as a technological revolution, and it has already changed the way how some low-demand items are designed, produced and delivered to the customers. The threshold for new players entering the 3D business is lower than ever; the lowering costs of printers and the availability of free planning software provide new opportunities for entrepreneurs. However, at the same time, the availability of free 3D designs has exploded, and there is an enormous selection of them available. This raises questions: what kind of designs in particular are being uploaded and downloaded, and can the designers benefit financially from sharing their work for free? Based on former literature, this paper identifies four different strategies how to benefit financially from free 3D design sharing. By analysing the data gathered from Thingiverse, the largest free 3D design repository, it describes how these different strategies realise in the case of Thingiverse.


South Korean President Park Geun-hye has made the development of a "creative economy" the core of her administrations economic agenda. This focus is closely linked with the goal of promoting economic democratization to reduce widening societal imbalances, coupled with demographic trends and slowing growth. The shift is an important, positive development. It reflects increasing recognition that Korea has reached the limits of its previous "fast follower" economic strategies, and that its future prosperity depends on becoming a global leader in developing and commercializing innovative products, services, and business models. To succeed, these policies require a focus on addressing regulatory, structural, educational, and cultural obstacles within Korea's innovation ecosystem.The creative economy agenda has important implications for Korea's economic relations with the United States. Together with the implementation of the US-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS), it offers new venues for the two countries to increase cooperation around fostering innovation. Policymakers, businesses, and researchers in both countries should explore these opportunities, both within the bilateral context and also to advance mutually beneficial goals at a time of accelerating regional economic integration.The Creative Economy and Innovation PolicyPark has defined "creative economy" as the concept of creating new industries and employment through "the convergence of science and technology with industry, the fusion of culture and industry, and the blossoming of creativity in the very borders that were once permeated by barriers."1 More important than the term itself is the Park administration's recognition of the importance of cultivating the ecosystem needed to foster the innovation that will facilitate this vision.Innovation is the "implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organization method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations."2 It includes not only RD small and large businesses; universities and researchers; and legal, financial, and other professionals engaged in the innovation process. Framework policies include R&D, education, and physical and regulatory infrastructure, along with tax burdens and incentives, trade and investment, IP, standards-setting processes, labor mobility, and government procurement.4 There is growing consensus that the most effective roles for government are to facilitate and shape the framework conditions, coordinating among the broader networks of actors and policies involved in order to create the most conducive environment for innovation.5The Creative Economy in ContextThe creative economy agenda marks a natural progression for Korea at its current advanced level of development. Korea's gross domestic expenditure on R&D is among the highest in the world, and it is the world's fourth-largest source of triadic patents, an important indicator of the quality of its innovation capabilities. A global leader in patents related to information and communications technology (ICT), Korea has one of the strongest Internet infrastructures of any country. …


Letter from Amon Carter to W. C. Durant, Durant Motors, regarding selection of pipe companies in Port Arthur, Texas. Mr. Carter informs Mr. Durant of the selection of U.S. Cast Iron Pipe company over the French competitor.


Robots is one of the most important devices in the world that work automatically without human intervention. Robot can work for long hours without feeling tired and can be performed work that can be dangerous to human life. Autonomous robots are used today in many areas in our daily lives, for example, industry, Agriculture, Health, Education, scientific explorations and many other fields. Therefore in this research we will going to design autonomous robot that able to find and extinguish fires. In some cases, the dense flames very dangerous to humans live and therefore require intervention of robot. Fire tracking and suppression robot is a robot can automatically find and fighting fire. In this project a camera and flame sensor based on an rotary base was used. It can detect fire in an angle of rotation of 1600. ATmega328 microcontroller based on Arduino Uno board have been used,  to control the robot to do the right work without mistakes, ATmega328 based on Arduini Uno board have been used, and it can be programmed using C language by using arduino IDE.


unsere… [Here, our …] " is incomplete. It was left as is in the translation (English page 38, line 6 from the bottom). The sentence beginning with " Eine Verbesserung der Auflösung… [Improving the resolution…] " on German page 38, line 7 of the actual text below the heading of section 8 (English page 54, line 7 of the actual text in section 8) is missing one or more words.


Introduction: e culture of patient safety is considered a priority in healthcare settings to reduce the incidence of adverse events in operating rooms, where their occurrence is not reported, thus leading to risks. Objective: To describe the culture of patient safety from the perception of operating room nursing professionals. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study that collected the results of the anonymous patient safety culture survey prepared by the Agency for Health Research and Quality, adapted to Spanish in the post-congress course on Electrosurgery for Instrumentalists. e survey was conducted on a sample of 67 professional nurses who work at 10 operating rooms located in Havana (Cuba) to evaluate their perception. Positive and negative responses to the 50 items were analyzed, including an overall safety rating. Survey information was coded, collected, and processed in a database compiled in the Excel statistical processor, which was then converted for analysis to SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. Result: Of the 67 surveys analyzed, 100% of the respondents rated the overall degree of safety as positive. e dimensions organizational learning, management support, and teamwork between units were highlighted as strengths. e rest of the dimensions (except for the nonpunitive response dimension, which was classi ed as a weakness) were classi ed as opportunities for improvement. Conclusions: e culture of patient safety must progress from guilt to learning.


A method for rapidly generating preliminary estimates of performance for orbit-to-orbit transfer vehicles subject to complex operational constraints is presented. Given the characteristics of a particular multistage design and the position and time of the thrusting arcs, the performance index and constraints are evaluated by solving Lambert's problem. An intrinsic equality constraint is imposed on each thrusting arc to insure that the velocity increment provided by each stage is equal to the impulsive velocity increment required by the solution to Lambert's problem. A problem solution is sought by solving a nonlinear programming problem where the independent variables may be chosen from a set of vehicle design parameters and the positions and times of the various thrusting arcs. A Lambert's problem formulation is shown to be preferable to a Kepler's problem formulation for complex missions. Pitfalls in the solution to Lambert's problem are highlighted. A variation of the Method of Multipliers is used for reliably solving the nonlinear programming problem generated by the problem formulation. Finally, several highly constrained orbit-to-orbit transfer problems are presented as examples.


How Portfolios Build Value. A Process for Portfolio Strategy Development. The Efficient Frontier. Getting Alternatives That Create Value. Measuring a Portfolio's Annual Value Contribution. Managing Success Templates and Business-Unit Life Cycles. Value Management in the Capital-Intensive Portfolio. Strengthening the Portfolio through Acquisitions. Managing through a Strategic Agenda. Toward Better Management of Portfolio Companies. Notes. Index.


Ewing's sarcoma usually is identified as a primary malignancy of bone affecting children and young adults. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is rare, and very few data are available addressing optimal surgical and oncologic treatment modalities.


The worldwide digital transformation of organizations in all sectors makes them depend increasingly on technology services which indirectly increases the risk of threats and cyber-attacks. Hence, organizations utilize Security Operation Centers (SOCs) to monitor their digital infrastructure for potential cyber incidents. SOC receives and collects information and consequently makes decisions and issues orders or commands. The increment utilization of SOC as a part of cyber security strategy has led to several studies in improving SOC operations. However, few studies have focused on challenges faced by the management and technical staffs working in SOCs. This paper aims to identify these challenges by conducting a qualitative study on SOCs in organizations from different industry sectors in Saudi Arabia. Analyzing the interview data determines the technical and non-technical issues that exist in SOC. The main challenges of SOCs are high false positive rate, low quality of threat intelligence, slow response speed, low visibility on devices and network, and insufficient automation level. Moreover, there are disagreements between managers and SOCs' employee which could affect SOC efficiency and effectiveness if not addressed. The future research directions are presented highlighting the real-world needs of SOCs.


This paper will explore the concept of group mentoring and the possible impact of creating learning communities on retention. It will consider one model, a training institute held biennially at the University of Minnesota, which is directed to early-career librarians of color, and will explore the impact of this institute, which includes group mentoring, on retention and professional contributions.


Abstract The Baptist movement in Cromwellian Ireland displayed a number of distinctive features. Adherents of the movement regularly claimed to have heightened spiritual experiences, which in a number of cases included firsthand encounters with the devil. This article observes the political contexts in which these claims were made while analyzing attempts by Baptist leaders to promote a more critical spirituality and counter illegitimate claims to supernatural experience. It argues that these unusual experiences, reflective more of their geographical than their denominational context, were rhetorically enabled, and Baptist leaders would struggle to both sustain and contain claims to spiritual experience.


We describe the design and construction status of the Low-Energy Ring (LER) of the PEP-II project, a collaboration of SLAC, LBNL, and LLNL. In the past year we have optimized LER parameters and started component fabrication. By reusing the original PEP wigglers, we were able to simplify the design of the distributed wiggler photon dump, which must dissipate 260 kW of power. The number of RF stations (each comprising a klystron powering two 476-MHz cavities) was reduced from 4 to 3. We have begun fabrication of the arc vacuum system based on an extruded Al antechamber configuration with discrete photon stops and TSPs. The design of straight section vacuum components, to be fabricated from stainless steel pipe, is also completed. Quadrupoles and dipoles are provided under a collaborative agreement with IHEP (Beijing); correctors and skew quadrupoles are built domestically and sextupoles are refurbished from existing PEP magnets. LER commissioning will begin early in 1998.


Beginning with a review of early spectrometers, this article describes the essential features common to instruments for spectroscopic and imaging applications. Evolution of spectrometers and spectroscopic techniques have been closely linked, and these are described with particular reference to improvements in magnet technology and the development of Fourier transform methods. The basic elements of the radiofrequency (RF) system are introduced. The development of double resonance methods and, later, multidimensional NMR has added to the functionality and complexity of spectrometers while greater use of digital technology and software has led to ever-increasing versatility. The NMR probe, that couples the RF energy to and from the sample, is the component of the spectrometer that is most specific to different applications. The important factors are described. Other ancillary features of the spectrometer are briefly discussed.

Keywords:

spectrometer;
magnet;
spectroscopy;
Fourier transform;
probe;
sensitivity;
resolution;
homogeneity;
shimming;
digitization


Based on the relation of endogenous virus 21(ev21)gene and late feathering K gene in linkage with feathering gene K/k+,feathering phenotypes and integration site for ev21 gene were detected in Princess Chicken.The results showed that the consistence was 99.24%.In order to detect the genotype of late feathering(LF)males,a total of 38 late feathering males were detected by PCR-RFLP,21 homozygote,15 heterozygote,and 2 ev21 lacking individuals were identified respectively.In total,94.74% of the males tested were correctly assigned.Analysis of prematurity traits between different feathering types showed that there was no significant difference in body weight and caruncle length between the phenotypes of early and late feathering in the same sex(P0.05),the crown height of late feathering cock was significantly higher than early feathering hens(P0.05),while the late feathering line was significantly higher than early feathering line in hens(P0.05).There was no significant differences in related prematurity traits between homozygous and heterozygous late feathering males.


1Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia, 2Department of Surgery, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, 3Department of Surgery,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 4Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 5WHO Collaborating Centrefor Mycobacterium ulcerans (Western Pacific Region) and Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia, 6Department of AnatomicalPathology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, 7Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia


Abstract : This report captures the results of a comprehensive assessment of technical requirements associated with achieving a logistics predictive and preemptive capability, or LPPC. It represents Phase II in a three-phased approach spanning operationally- and technically-focused assessment. Phase I, conducted from September to December 2006, documented the compelling case for predictive capabilities, tying it to guidance and concept development at the OSD, Joint, and Army levels. Phase II, the subject of this report, has as its objective the forecasting of technologies expected to be available through the year 2030 and their potential to provide predictive planning and analysis capabilities. The Phase II report thus becomes the catalyst for, and enabler of, Phase III - an assessment of the potential operational and resource benefits of predictive and preemptive capabilities, to include the development of actionable recommendations to senior logistics leaders on the steps necessary to achieve the envisioned end-state.


Summary Rate of excretion of radioactivity by rats was more rapid after intracardiac injection of cortisol-4-C14 than after intravenous injection. In addition, after the latter route significantly larger quantities of radioactive material entered the skin immediately following injection. The most likely explanation for this difference is considered to be hemodynamic changes caused by heart puncture. The tail vein is the most suitable site of intravascular injection for studies of the fate of adrenal steroids in normal animals under basal conditions.


Science has demonstrated the existence of an invisible quantum field of energy and intelligence from which all physical forms emerge as expressions of consciousness. The newly discovered sub-atomic particle known as the Higgs boson (popularly called the God particle) is an important link that provides the means for non-material substance to become physical mass, thus making it possible for "thoughts to become things." It's a perfect example of the Law of Attraction in action. This paper details how recent developments in quantum physics, cellular biology and other sciences validate basic New Thought principles such as the creative action of consciousness, the inner


This inmwtigation,carm"edout at the National Bureau of Standardsat the request and un"ththejinanoial ass%tance of the National Adtn"soryCommitteefor Aeronautic, ti a detaikxi de-wription of tb soap-bubble, or cvnsiant-preesure, method as applied to the acplom"ve oxidation of CO. A seri% of values of the speed of $ame in 8pace in van"ous mixlurm of CO and 02 wntaining a mtant percentage of water vapor waa obtained by the mtantvolume method. Tlwae results served IMa guide in the perfection of the soap-bubbk?method. The latter hus been re$ned to a degrtx which maktx postibk precise detennindionx of the 8pee& of fime in space and relative to the active gases, of expati ratw, and of temperatures attained in mitiurtx of CO, 02, and 13,0. R&for this qJstemoj gas~ are reported over a m-de range of mixture ratio8, and a compariwn un"thprm"ow rewh ~ the same methodis included.


The complexity of the effects of greenhouse gases and especially nitrogen emission on atmospheric aerosols and nitrogen deposition has been puzzling for decades. Moreover, their effects on public health and biodiversity have increased the notion of urgency for drastic reforms and, as a result, have increased the complexity of the debate. This paper focusses on the interaction between agricultural sources of N-consumption and emissions and other anthropogenic activities as well as on the role of N-deposition on plant physiology and biodiversity impairment. Finally, the urgency of farmland reforms is situated in a socio-economic and historical context.


The cyclicity search in temporal databases aims at discovering regularly repeated rules over time. Despite the increasing number of the proposed works handling mining cyclic association rules, few works paid attention to generating rules like ("A company producing a given product will sell it with respect to such sales amount. This fact is repeated each month"). In this paper, we propose a new definition of cyclic association rules extracted from several dimensions. Thus, we introduce a new algorithm RACYM for generating such rules. Carried out experiments, conducted on a real data warehouse, show the usefulness and the performance of our proposal.


One of the key tasks of the Republic of Belarus is to accelerate the transition of the national economy to an
innovative path of development. It is caused by competition toughening, reduction of life cycle of innovations,
significant change of the external environment, globalization processes. The innovative susceptibility is basic
property of economy which defines its readiness for development and use of innovations for social and economic development. The innovative activity of the organizations, interest of society in broad application of
innovations, readiness of investors for investment of capital in innovative processes with a high risk depend on
it. This article analyzes the experience of the leading countries in the formation of innovative susceptibility of
the economy in the innovation policy.


Written opinion on products and other entities can be important to consumers and researchers, but expensive and difficult to analyze. We present a multimedia interface designed to facilitate the analysis of opinions on multiple entities, which could be beneficial to many individuals and organizations. It integrates an information visualization and an intelligent system that selects notable comparisons in the data and summarizes them in text. This system applies a set of statistics for comparing opinions across entities. We conducted a study of our interface with 36 subjects. Subjects liked the visualization overall and our system's selections overlapped with those of subjects more than did the selections of baseline systems. Given the choice, subjects often changed their selections to be more consistent with those of our system. This suggests that system selections were valuable to them.


Abstract Background A glycerol throat spray containing cold-adapted cod trypsin creates a protective barrier and is known to deactivate common cold virus in vitro and decrease pharyngeal rhinovirus load after inoculation in humans. Early self-diagnosis and use of the medical device ColdZyme indicate a safe alternative for treatment in naturally occurring common colds. Methods This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study conducted at ten German sites to evaluate the efficacy of the medical device ColdZyme, a glycerol mouth spray containing cold-adapted cod trypsin, for naturally occurring common cold, versus placebo. Adults experiencing a minimum of three common colds during the previous year, but otherwise healthy, were enrolled to begin treatment with the mouth spray or placebo six times daily at first sign of a common cold. Jacksons symptom scale and the 9-item Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 (WURSS-21) quality of life (QoL) domain and sore throat scale were recorded daily by subjects, as well as any use of allowed rescue treatment. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03794804. Results Between January and April 2019, 701 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ColdZyme group (n=351) or the placebo group (n=350). Of the 701 subjects, 438 (62.5%) subjects developed symptoms typical of common cold, and all 438 started study treatment (n=220 in the ColdZyme group and n=218 in the placebo group). There were no differences between the groups in primary and major secondary endpoints, however, the assessment using the WURSS-21 QoL domain and Jackson score suggests a slightly faster recovery with ColdZyme, as symptoms and complaints affecting the quality of life were shortened about 1 day. The beneficial effect of ColdZyme was particularly noticeable on the fifth day of the common cold. A positive difference between treatment groups was also seen for the subjects assessments of global efficacy of the investigational product, and a robust safety profile for ColdZyme was demonstrated throughout the study. Conclusion The safety and tolerability of ColdZyme have been confirmed in a larger study population, while establishing evidence of a slightly faster recovery from common cold symptoms. Keywords: glycerol, (cod) trypsin, common cold, quality of life, oral spray, colds viruses


This chapter is a reflection of analyses, experiences and research on the opportunities and challenges of working with faith-based organisations (FBO's) in the context of global health. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the important role that FBO's have with state and non-state actors in the development of communities in complex contexts. The role of FBO's in development are demonstrated in reference to the Author's work experience with FBO's, which form case studies in East Africa, and Timor Leste. Further analyses through literature build on these experiences to demonstrate the leading role FBO's can have with state and non-state actors, and the effects on public health. In the case study of Timor Leste, suggestions are proposed to overcome challenges and build on the opportunities of state and non-state actors incorporating the Catholic Church into health programs.


We compared recognition memory for pictures of family interactions in Indonesian ‐ in which sibling terms are based on relative age ‐ and English ‐ in which sibling terms are based on gender. In Experiment 1, participants saw a set of pictures of family interactions and gave a verbal description of each picture. They later received a recognition test that included variants that altered either seniority relations or gender relations. The same method was used in Experiment 2, except that the recognition variants were changed to be similar families (with parallel relationships). During study, participants were asked either simply to remember the pictures (Experiment 2a) or to provide a verbal description (Experiment 2b). Results from both experiments suggest effects of language on memory, particularly when nonidentical transfer is involved.


value: By the latter phrase the author means that 'entities are characterized by value in various ways: six that he identifies. Value may be present (1) intrinsically, (2) as means, 0) because of some characteristics, (4) because of some consequences, (5) as possible, and (6) as potential. 'There are not six different sorts, or types, of value. Rather, one and the same entity, i.e., value, can be present in six different ways that is to say: "modes of presence'" (p 4)· Between the Introduction and the Epilogue there are nine chapters full of 'reports' and rough definitions. For example: 'The entity family, in some of its particular occurrences, is a means (condition) for the production of living human organisms ... However, it is here reported that some particular occ'iITences of family are superior to all other social institutions as means for the satisfaction of some desires and needs and in general for the achievement of some values' (pp 177-9). Love, sympathy, justice, co-operation, knowledge, honesty, tolerance, and many other important things are treated this way. Sometimes the treatment is believable and sometimes not. That is to be expected in a philosophic treatise. But nearly always in this treatise the treatment is unsatisfying. Even when one agrees with the author one has the uncomfortable feeling that the past forty years of philosophic analysis have been passed over without so much as a 'by your leave: (ALEX c. MICHALOS)


Bone Marrow Transplantation Immunocompromised patients have an increased incidence of developing primary neoplasms, including lymphomas, skin cancers, and other carcinomas. However, mesenchymal neoplasms are uncommon in these patients. Recently, Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMT) have been increasingly recognized in these patients, mainly in organ transplant recipients and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (1, 2). These tumors have a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and different clinicopathologic features from those of conventional smooth muscle tumors occurring in immunocompetent patients (3). EBV-SMT are rare and occur mostly in renal transplant recipients (0.7%) (1). Moreover, only three cases of EBV-SMT occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been reported and all of them were pediatric cases (1, 4, 5). We herein describe the first adult case of EBV-SMT after HSCT that was concomitant with another malignant tumor. A 60-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with generalized fatigue in 2011. She had been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2003 and undergone unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation during her second complete remission in 2009. She had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus, prednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil for severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) for about 2 years. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed multiple masses in the liver, endometrial thickening, and nodules in the peritoneum (Fig. 1). Percutaneous needle biopsies of the liver were performed. A microscopic examination showed relatively small spindle-shaped neoplastic cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclei, and perivascular infiltration. Immuno histochemically, the neoplastic cells exhibited positivity for >-smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2 (Fig. 2), but the stainings for CD21, CD34, desmin, and S100-protein were all negative (data not shown). The tumor cells also showed nuclear positivity for in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER-1) transcripts (Fig. 2). Intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration was not conspicuous; however, scattered CD3+CD79aj T lymphocytes were seen (data not shown). In the patient's whole blood, the level of EBV DNA was slightly elevated (47 copies/mL). Based on these findings, a diagnosis of hepatic EBV-SMT was made. Subsequent biopsies of the uterine endometrium and peritoneum were performed, and pathological examination revealed that these were serous adenocarcinoma. To recover her immunity, the tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil were discontinued, and the prednisolone dosage was tapered. Three months later, a CTscan showed partial regression of the lesions in the liver. Five months after the initial diagnosis of EBVSMT,shediedofcarcinomatousperitonitis. Because an autopsy was not performed, it was not clear whether EBV-SMT involved the other lesions besides liver. Although EBV-SMT tend to exclusively occur in immunocompromised patients, EBV-SMToccurring after HSCT are extremely rare (1, 4, 5). EBV-SMT have been reported to develop at a later stage after transplantation than EBVassociated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, suggesting that prolonged immunosuppression is requisite for the development (1). In our case, the longterm and combined immunosuppressive therapy probably had a major impact on the development of EBV-SMT. Deyrup et al. showed that multiple lesions of EBV-SMT are the result of multiple EBV infection events, rather than metastasis (3). Although our patient had tumors at multiple sites, these histological findings revealed concomitant EBVSMTand serous adenocarcinoma. Because long-term immunosuppression and GVHD are risk factors for also secondary malignancies, biopsies of multiple sites should be performed not to miss the concomitant other neoplasms in patients receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy. EBV-SMTexpress>-smooth muscle actin and h-caldesmon, while the desmin


In a globalizing urban India, middle-class parents are extremely anxious about their child's success and future in a competitive world. In this context, the present article attempts to capture middle-class educated Indian fathers' thoughts, feelings, and contributions in ensuring children's success, through primary research conducted in the city of Baroda in western India using qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptive data and fathers' voices highlight their notions of achievement, the nature and extent of their involvement in different areas of their children's lives, namely, providing, guiding and mentoring, practical and emotional support, communication, education, and extracurricular activities. Fathers' vision of a successful child, nature of involvement and their reasoning are in consonance with their desire for involvement in promoting the child's cognitive and social competence, and passing on sanskar, a unique aspect of Hindu culture.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the degree of association of abdominal obesity with blood pressure and plasma lipid levels and to determine which anthropometric measures of obesity are most closely associated with these cardiovascular risk factors.

DESIGN
Population-based, cross-sectional surveys.

SETTING
Five Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan) between 1989 and 1992.

PARTICIPANTS
A probability sample of 16,007 men and women aged 18 to 74 was selected using health insurance registration files in each province and invited to participate. A complete set of measurements was available for 8974 (56%) adults.

OUTCOME MEASURES
Initially, simple correlation analyses by age and sex were performed between the anthropometric variables-body mass index, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), ratio of waist to hip circumference (WHR)- and cardiovascular disease risk variables-systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TRIG) and the TC/HDL ratio. Canonical correlation analyses were performed to determine the multivariate associations between the anthropometric and risk variables.

RESULTS
The simple correlations between anthropometric variables and cardiovascular disease risk variables were highest for SBP; moderate for DBP, HDL, TRIG and TC/HDL; and lowest for LDL and TC. Of the anthropometric variables, WC demonstrated the greatest correlations with the risk variables. The first canonical correlations were significant (p < 0.0001) in men (0.58) and women (0.61) of all ages. Of the anthropometric variables, WC consistently demonstrated the highest loading values in the first canonical variable in men (0.56) and women (0.59). Of the risk variables in both sexes, the loadings of TRIG were generally the largest, those of HDL, SBP, DBP intermediate and those of LDL the smallest. In men, the strength of these associations generally decreased with age, whereas in women they peaked in the 35-54 year age group.

CONCLUSION
Considerable association was seen between measures of abdominal obesity and blood pressure and plasma lipid levels. WC is the measure of abdominal obesity most highly correlated with these cardiovascular disease risk factors.


Energy consumption is the fundamental barrier to exascale supercomputing and it is dominated by the cost of moving data from one point to another, not computation. Similarly, performance is dominated by data movement, not computation. The solution to this problem requires three critical technologies: 3D integration, optical chip-to-chip communication, and a new communication model. A memory system based on these technologies has the potential to lower the cost of local memory accesses by orders of magnitude and provide substantially more bandwidth. To reach the goals of exascale computing with a manageable power budget, the industry will have to adopt these technologies. Doing so will enable exascale computing, and will have a major worldwide economic impact.


Minimizing the classical definition of risk should be a counterintuitive venture as the explanatory nature of historical metrics' construction challenges their ability to serve a predictive purpose on a non-stationary process. We uncover an ill-conceived bias in these metrics and discover that they provide a contrary indication to an investment's survivability. The breakdown in the explanatory-predictive link is troubling and we aim to correct this via a better derived explanatory metric. The predictive variant of our metric will directly question the notion of optimization in order to serve the first priority of any continuous system, survival.


The aim of this study was carried out to determinate the Possibility of utilization of Karkheh River water for drip irrigation. Regarding climatic conditions of Iran, it is necessary to apply high efficiency irrigation methods particularly for crops with high water requirement. Clogging of droppers is the most important and serious issue that threatens a trickle irrigation system. In the present article, in order to study the potential of Karkheh River as a water source, the water quality of the river was examined in 5 stations along the river in a 30-year period. To prognosticate the potentiality of carbonate calcium sedimentation and the corrosion in the irrigation equipments, Langelier Satur ation Index (LSI) and Ryzner Stability Index (RSL) were used, respectively. The results showed that, based on Wilcox diagram, the water of this river enjo ys ap propriate quality for agricultural purposes in most cases (with the exception of droughts). The results also showed that the LSI was positive in all stations and it is possible that droppers clog due to carbonate calcium deposition. While, RSL was in mo st case s belo w 6 .8 and there is little possibility of metal parts corrosion in trickle irrigation system. It can be recommended that, regarding limited water sources, downstream lands of this river can be irrigated through trickle irrigation systems with droppers that are less sensitive to clogging in order to prevent from chemically clogging of droppers. Finally, acid washing by collecting watering pipes and droppers in one place and injection of acid after is recommendable.


Abstract We have developed a new laser source, for the spectroscopy of nonvolatile molecules in gas phase. It is based on a laser induced liquid bead ion desorption source (LILBID) combined with a supersonic beam. The cold molecules produced with this technique are sampled with Resonant Two Photon Ionization spectroscopy (R2PI) to measurement of the gas phase optical spectra. LILBID allows to bring nonvolatile molecule from liquid phase (out of a droplet) into gas phase, by means of multi photon ablation with IR photons exciting the vibrations of the solvent. Phenol and its different water clusters have been used as an example to demonstrate the method and to standardise the new experimental setup. The recorded R2PI spectral data of phenol monomer and its different water clusters obtained from this laser desorption technique are in very good agreement with the previously published data. This technique opens a new door for the measurement of molecules under microsolvation and potentially for zwitterion formation of thermally labile, nonvolatile molecules such as amino acids or biomolecules.


An examination of the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) in 45 sex offenders indicated that, on average, 81% did not endorse the items of the scale. Results suggest that response bias on the CDS is a significant problem that should be addressed before the scale can be used clinically.


Purpose. DLC-1 is a tumor suppressor gene frequently silenced in human cancers. However, the pathogenicity of DLC-1 epigenetic silencing in the mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma transformation process of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been studied. Methods. Promoter methylation status of DLC-1 was evaluated in 4 human CRC cell lines, 48 normal mucosa, 57 adenomas, and 80 CRC tissues with methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis (MS-HRMA), while the mRNA expression was examined by qPCR. HRMA was utilized to detect the KRAS codon 12, 13 and BRAF V600Emutations. Results. Partial (1%–10%) and extensive (10%–100%) DLC-1 promoter methylations were observed in 10% and 0% of normal mucosa, 46% and 14% of adenomas, and 60% and 36% of CRCs, respectively. The promoter methylation of DLC-1 was related with the reduction of gene expression and the advanced Duke's stages (Stage C and D). DLC-1 promoter methylation and KRAS mutations are common concurrent pathological alternations. Conclusions. Epigenetic alternation plays a key role in the transcriptional silencing of DLC-1. It is also an independent risk factor related to the carcinogenesis of colorectal tumors and spans over its pathogenesis process. Therefore, DLC-1 promoter methylation quantitation may have a promising significance in the evaluation and management of CRC patients.


Results over of complex researches of organization of speed and high-speed motion of passenger-trains are brought on existent single-gauge railways, choice and ground of complex of measures on the increase (to maintenance) of freight and throughput capacity, and ensure continuous operation of the infrastructure of operated railways are presented.


Contents: Introduction(3).The method of Ermakov(4).The method of Milne(7). Pinney's result(8).Lewis' results(8). The interpretation of Eliezer and Gray(14). The connection of the Ermakov invariant with N\"other's theorem(17). Possible generalizations of Ermakov's method(20). Geometrical angles and phases in Ermakov's problem(22). Application to the minisuperspace cosmology(26). Application to physical optics(42).Conclusions(47). Appendix A: Calculation of the integral of I(48). Appendix B: Calculation of in eigenstates of \hat{I}(49).References(50).


The pulp and paper industry has long fought a public image as a destroyer of the enviroment and a threat to the healthy survival of future generations - an image that finally is fading, being replaced by one built on eco-balance and the industry's role in sustaining it. Eco-balance, defined as economic and ecological prosperity, easily involves the pulp and paper industry. For example, we already optimize the utilization of wood as well as 100% recycling, forest biology, and tree-farm management. The author advocates a partnership between the industry and its suppliers to further the participation in sustainable development of natural resources. Consumer demand requires high-quality paper products, but the public also demands those products be safe for (and to) the environment. Making optimum use of all materials involved in our products can ensure a more positive image for our industry.


Abstract Road traffic accidents have become an important social issue worldwide. This study aims to analyse the research status of road traffic injury from 1928 to 2018 and discuss the future research trends. Co-word analysis was applied to analyse 4,184 articles collected from the core collection of Web of Science. Cluster analysis and social network analysis (SNA) were adopted to group keywords, visualize the links between them, and indicate their importance. Strategic diagram was used to reveal the network status of each cluster. The results lead to the following conclusions: (1) 'Road traffic accident', 'injury', 'road safety', 'mortality', and 'risk factor' are at the centre of social network, indicating that these keywords play the most important roles in the field of road traffic injury research. (2) A total of 60 high-frequency keywords are divided into five clusters, namely 'accident causes leading to injury', 'analysis methods', 'health & injury', 'safety management', and 'road traffic', indicating that they are the main sub-fields of road traffic injury research. (3) 'Risk perception' and 'systems theory' are widely discussed topics emerging in recent years. On the basic of the five clusters, valuable references are provided for future research.


In addition to teaching advanced driver knowledge and skills, driver education programs should be accompanied by direct presentations about driver attitudes. This article discusses how driver education instructors can instill lifelong attitudes that will help a student to survive the dangerous early years of driving. In the past, it was common to use scare tactics by showing a "blood and guts" movie. Another approach is the logic method. The idea is to tell students the consequences of certain actions and convince them that it is unsafe to act that way. Many driving instructors ignore the attitude angle and concentrate completely on the mechanics of driving, believing that students come to them with preset attitudes. Some instructors spend time developing the ideas of citizenship and cooperation on the road. Students are then left to decide for themselves how to act, but at least they have been presented with a role model to follow. The article calls for one unified approach, integrating all of the above. Key to this technique is the instructor's awareness of the need to teach cooperation.


This paper describes the diffraction of the lowest plane wave propagating out of the opening of a semi-infinite hard duct that is symmetrically placed inside an infinite soft duct. The whole system forms a pentafurcated waveguide whose solution is given by eigenfunction expansion. The same method has been used to validate the results of a trifurcated duct problem previously tackled by using the standard Wiener–Hopf technique. Some graphical results showing the influence of waveguide spacing on the reflection coefficient are presented. We compared our results with the related existing work. We observe that the accumulative value of reflection for current pentafurcated duct is 1375.1, which is the greatest among the related trifurcated and existing pentafurcated ducts. Hence the soft lining on outer plates gives better results to attenuate the unwanted noise. These problems have application in acoustics.


Locomotion is a fundamental component in many virtual reality (VR) games. However, few techniques have been designed with game's demands in mind. In this paper, we propose two locomotion techniques for fast-paced VR games: Repeated Short-Range Teleports and Continuous Movement Pads. We conducted a user study with 27 participants using these techniques against Smooth Locomotion and Teleport in a game-like scenario. We found that Movement Pads can be a suitable alternative for games, with competitive performance on various criteria such as time, damage taken, usability, workload, and user preference. On the other hand, Repeated Short-Range Teleport displayed lower usability and higher mental workload.


1. Development of a new thermal probe and use in conjunction with chemical analysis of needle biopsy samples, has made possible a thermodynamic study of the energetics of muscular contraction in the human quadriceps. 2. The observed rate of muscle temperature rise was proportional to the force of the contraction. During maximal contractions the rate of heat production was 54 +/‐8‐5 W/kg wet muscle (mean +/‐ s.d.). 3. The observed rates of muscle temperature rise agreed well with the rates calculated from the measured metabolite changes when standard values for the enthalpy changes of the reactions involved were used. 4. During prolonged stimulation of the quadriceps at 15/sec via the femoral nerve, the rate of heat production per unit force fell to nearly half the initial value. It is estimated that this represented a two‐ to fourfold increased in economy of ATP turn‐over required to maintain a given force. 5. Relaxation becomes progressively slower during prolonged contractions and it is suggested that the slowing of relaxation and the increased economy of force maintenance may both be due to an increased cross‐bridge cycle time in the fatigued muscle.


DOI: 10.21276/sjebm.2018.5.4.7 Abstract: As Richard Carlson says that, "Stress is nothing more than a socially acceptable form of mental illness". In modern times, stress has become a buzz word and legitimate concern for people of all walks of life. In fact, no one is immune to stress. Right from the time of birth till death, an individual is invariably exposed to various stressful situations. Stress has become significant due to dynamic social factor and changing needs of life styles. Stress is man"s adaptive reaction to an outward situation which would lead to physical, mental and behavioural changes. In this present time where stress is inevitable in the life of the employee, sometimes it creates trouble for them to maintain a balance between their personal and professional life. So in this research work, study has been conducted to put some light on stress management and identifying the sources of stress among the employees belongs to a leading manufacturing company, operates in the state of Odisha. Along with this it has also been tried to find out the ways of effectively managing stress level in order to balance their personal and professional lives. For the survey random sampling method has used to collect data from 60 employees and analyzed further for obtaining result. The study also includes summary and conclusion based on the findings.


Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterised by nasal discharge and lower airway (LA) infections. PCD treatment is largely based on cystic fibrosis protocols where targeted eradication of pathogens in the upper airway (UA) and LA has been successful. Hypothesis: UA and LA pathogens can be eradicated in PCD with appropriate protocol driven antibiotics. Methods: Children with PCD had paired UA (nasal lavage/swab) and LA (sputum/cough swabs) samples taken over 2yrs. Positive samples were treated with appropriate oral antibiotics. P aeruginosa was treated with nebulised antibiotics (+nasally for UA). Eradication was considered successful if samples were consistently clear of the pathogen by 6 months. Results: 121 children (58 M) were studied: median age 9.6 yrs (range 1 m-18 yr), FEV1% pred 79%. 62/121 (51%) were on prophylactic oral antibiotics. 69 (57%) of UA samples were culture positive compared to 32 (26.4%) in LA. Eradication was successful in 82% of UA cultures and 88% in LA. Table 1 gives results of individual pathogens, noting some samples had >1 isolate. Conclusion: Pathogen eradication had good success rates, comparable to CF. H. inf was hardest to eradicate from the UA, the clinical impact of carriage of this microorganism needs further evaluation.


1517 Eye Movements after Cholinergic Activation—Márquez-Ruiz and Escudero RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) SLEEP IS CHARACTERIZED BY BOTH TONIC AND PHASIC EVENTS. TONIC SIGNS CONSIST OF THE ABSENCE OF ANTIGRAVITY muscular tonus and high-frequency and low-amplitude electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Phasic signs include high-amplitude spiky potentials (mainly recorded in pontine, geniculate and occipital areas) that are denoted by PGO waves, as well as rapid eye movements and muscular twitches.1 From an oculomotor point of view, tonic and phasic phenomena underlying eye movements during spontaneous REM sleep develop progressively at the end of NREM sleep. During the transition period between NREM and REM sleep, rapid eye movements occur concomitantly with the first PGO waves in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). These rapid eye movements are low amplitude and directed almost exclusively in the abducting direction. At the same time, the visual axes of the 2 eyes tend to converge in the horizontal plane and rotate down in the vertical plane. When REM sleep is consolidated, tonic components tend to be maximized, and bursts of complex rapid eye movements associated with PGO waves develop. In the horizontal plane, each rapid eye movement in the burst comprises 2 consecutive movements in opposite directions. However, eye movements in the vertical plane are simple and always directed upward.2 The extraocular abducens (ABD) motoneurons innervating the lateral rectus muscle also show tonic inhibition as well as phasic inhibition and excitation during REM sleep.3 These characteristics are similar to the tonic inhibition and phasic activation and inhibition described in other motor systems.4,5 Historically, the identification of the neural structures and neurotransmitters involved in the generation of tonic and phasic phenomena during REM sleep in the cat have highlighted the importance of cholinergic mechanisms in the pontine reticular formation.6-9 Cholinergic activation of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (NRPO) successfully reproduces cortical and hippocampal activity,10,11 muscular atonia and twitches,12-14 PGO waves in the LGN15,16 and tonic and phasic oculomotor phenomena17 similar to those described during spontaneous REM sleep. Lesion and cholinergic injection experiments in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (NRPC) also revealed the importance of this region in phasic phenomena, mainly in PGO wave and rapid eye movement generation.18-22 Moreover, the NRPC maintains strong relationships with important regions involved in the generation and maintenance of the sleep-wake cycle23-25 and is also involved in the regulation of postural muscular tone.26,27 From an oculomotor point of view, the NRPC includes the premotor area in which horizontal burst neurons are located.28-31 Therefore, the NRPC likely contributes to the generation of rapid eye movements during REM sleep. The aim of the present study was to characterize the behavior of the oculomotor system after cholinergic activation of the NRPC. In addition, the findings of this study will be compared with previous results obtained during spontaneous2,3 or induced cholinergic activation of NRPO17 REM sleep in the same animal preparation. In this work, we recorded the movements of both EYE MOVEMENTS AND THE NUCLEUS RETICULARIS PONTIS CAUDALIS


In order to improve the scientificity of decision-making for listed companies and investors,taking turnover rate as the measurement criterion of liquidity,45 listed companies involved in the previous two teams of experimental reform of dual-class equity structure were compared in aspects of the exchanging price,the total market value and the liquidity of companies' public trading stocks before and after the reform.The factors influencing the liquidity in the special situation of dual-class equity structure were analyzed.The result shows that,after the reform of dual-class equity structure,the exchanging price falls,and the total market value does not change obviously,then the liquidity is improved;the turnover rate is in negative correlation with the exchanging price,and in positive correlation with the number of public shares.After the share reform,the social interests of different parters maintain the basic stability,and the main reason for liquidity enhancement is the increase in the number of shares;enhancing the liquidity of restricted stock will impact the stock price.


The clearance rate, ingestion rate and absorption efficiency of Soletellina acuta were examined by using indoor experimental ecological methods. The results showed that the clearance rate and ingestion rate of S.acuta at three sizes had the same trend of peak variation when the salinity was around 2~18. The clearance rate and ingestion rate reached to a peak level when the salinity was among 10.50~12.10. The optimum salinity was 11.41~12.10. When the pH value was around 6.4~9.4, the clearance rate and ingestion rate of S. acuta at different sizes had the same trend of peak variation. The clearance rate and ingestion rate reached a peak when the pH value was 8.23~8.45. The optimum pH value for ingestion was 8.23~8.28. There was no significant correlation between the absorption efficiency and salinity.


Currently, there are several wireless networks deployed around the world. Examples include cellular networks, metropolitan area networks and wireless local area networks. Given the heterogeneity of the existing network technologies, the diversity of mobile applications, and user requirements, ensuring service continuity for a mobile user when changing different access network becomes a mandatory aspect. The aim of this work is to study and analyse a solution based on the IEEE802.21 standard, to enable interoperability between different networks. The assessment takes place in a context of mobility between WiFi and WiMAX networks. The network simulator NS2 is used during this study.


A Season in Hell {Une Saison en Enfer) , by Arthur Rimbaud. A new English translation by Louise Varese, with a Rimbaud chronology prepared by H. Creekmore. Norfolk, Connecticut: New Directions. $1.00. Prose Poems from The Illuminations, by Arthur Rimbaud. Translated by Louise Varese. Norfolk, Connecticut: New Directions. $1.50. Guillaume Apollinaire: Choix de Poesies, with an introduction by С. M. Bowra. London: Horizon. 10s. 6d. Young Cherry Trees Secured Against Hares (Jeunes Cerisiers Garantis contre les Lievres) , by Andre Breton. Translated by Edouard Roditi, with a cover by Marcel Duchamp and illustrations by Arshile Gorky. New York, London and Paris: View Editions: A. Zwemmer. $3.75. New Directions: No. c, edited by James Laughlin. Norfolk, Connecticut: New Directions. $3.7C. The Selected Writings of Gertrude Stein, edited and with an introduction by Carl Van Vechten. New York: Random House. $3.50. Esthetique du Mal, by Wallace Sjevens. Cummington, Massachusetts: The Cummington Press. IC.00. The Selected Writings of Dylan Thomas, with an introduction by John L. Sweeney. Norfolk, Connecticut: New Directions. I3.50. The Collected Poetry of W. H. Auden. New York: Random House. $1.7 <• Lord Weary's Castle, by Robert Lowell. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co. $2.50.


Abstract : On June 30, 2008, President George W. Bush signed into law the Merida Initiative, a 3-year, $1.4 billion counterdrug assistance program for Mexico and Central America. The bulk of this money is destined for Mexico, where it will help fund counternarcotics operations against the powerful cartels that have recently turned much of that country into a war zone. Since 2006, Mexico has suffered thousands of drug-related killings, a dramatic deterioration of public security, and severe psychological and social trauma; the Merida Initiative aims to rectify this situation by giving the Mexican government the tools to take the offensive in its fight against the drug traffickers. The program is likely to be extended in some form when its original mandate expires, and thus presages a long-term U.S. commitment to counternarcotics in Mexico.


Machining is material removal from a workpiece. Current spindle technologies allow the material to be removed very quickly but unfortunately this compromises the accuracy of the desired machined trajectory on the workpiece. Proposed solution to the problem is restricting motion of the tool and giving rotation to the workpiece. This paper presents analysis of the accuracy of trajectory of material removal from a workpiece, such that the workpiece rotates with six degrees of freedom, in the presence of error generated due to an offset of the workpiece from centre of the moving platform of the machining bed. The kinematics of the machining bed is, therefore, modeled using as inverse kinematic formulation applying geometric and vector addition method. The mechanism outputs three rotational and three translational motions. The leg length for each of six legs of the bed is computed individually. Moreover, workpiece position offset error is modelled to find actual leg lengths of the bed. Finally accuracy computation model is proposed to analyse the accuracy of the final trajectory of the motion of the workpiece. The models are verified in simulation for a trajectory and validated experimentally on a six degree of freedom (6DOF) machining bed. The results reveal maximum inaccuracy in machining trajectory to be 1% in experiments while less than 1% in simulation. This verifies quality of the mechanism and efficacy of the proposed 6DOF machining bed in machining accuracy.


The adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 189 United Nations member countries in September 2000 drew attention to the urgency of rectifying the extreme disparities in human well-being that had grown to unacceptable levels globally in the closing decades of the twentieth century. For Canada, a country then styling itself as playing an active role in supporting peacekeeping and other constructive missions to improve the welfare of disadvantaged individuals, and whose foreign minister, Lloyd Axworthy (1997), had in the late 1990s actively promoted the notion of human security as an alternative to business-as-usual approaches, this seemed to present an excellent opportunity for asserting an innovative position. A decade later, we have to ask if this was an opportunity lost, or one that has not yet been realized? This article explores how Canada has responded to the challenge of providing foreign aid for health, a domain that received growing international attention over the period in question. We argue that despite the call for stepping up assistance following adoption of the MDGs, and the intermittent outpouring of assistance in response to humanitarian crises, successive Liberal and Conservative governments have decidedly refrained from any foreign policy reorientation that might more effectively contribute to overcoming global inequalities. We contend that alongside certain positive initiatives, Canada has, in fact, distanced itself from pursuing any such transformative orientation to global health. By invoking "three Ds" (defense, diplomacy, and development) as the fundamental basis for Canadian foreign policy, and then implementing this in a manner that conforms more with military security and trade interests, a distancing from humanitarian objectives more closely aligned with the concept of human security is, in fact, being achieved. To set the scene for examining what we characterize as a lost opportunity, we first reflect on how global health has tended to be framed in relation to foreign policy and security concerns, giving particular consideration to how and why the concept of human security was itself introduced as a way to address matters that were otherwise being ignored. In this context, we specifically review the rhetoric and the reality of how human security has been integrated in Canadian foreign policy. We begin by tracing how Canadian policy, with respect to global health aid, evolved in the years following Canada joining the G7 in 1976, and describe the central organizations involved in its administration. Trends in how Canada's Official Development Assistance (ODA) has been provided and distributed for health and humanitarian assistance are next examined, relating this to relevant policy and review processes. 60


The Philippines welcomed a new era when Marcos was removed — but corruption and illegal killings continue. There have been six military coup attempts against Mrs Aquino's government. The last one was quelled on 7 December 1989


Second-order rate constants have been measured for the saponification of methyl 2′-, 3′-, and 4′- substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylates at several temperatures in 85%(w/w) methanol–water and activation parameters have been calculated. The Hammett equation applies very well to the saponification of 3′-and 4′-substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylates with σ-constants evaluated by the FMMF method. The effect of 2′-substituents is understandable in terms of π-electron steric effects.


3304-Pos Board B32 Protein-Chromophore Interactions in Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Studied by Split Protein Reconstitution Luke M. Oltrogge, Steven G. Boxer. Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. We have utilized a split green fluorescent protein (GFP) system to generate a range of semi-synthetic proteins to study the interaction of the autocatalytically-formed chromophore with the protein environment. Using circularly permuted GFP, the alpha helix containing the chromophore has been relocated to the N-terminus and then removed by site-specific proteolysis of an engineered loop region. Following denaturation and size exclusion chromatography purification, the truncated protein and the chromophore-bearing peptide are separated. We previously showed that the truncated protein is capable of re-forming a chromophore upon reconstitution with a synthetic peptide. This work is extended to incorporate unnatural amino acids into the chromophore for studying hydrogen bonding and proton transfer. An additional application we have pursued is to use chromophore "transplantation" in order to examine the spectroscopic effects of mutations that would ordinarily be impossible due to the preclusion of chromophore formation. Arg96, in particular, is an interesting residue because of its major role in defining the electrostatic environment, however, its intolerance to mutation necessitates the use of a split protein and complementation with a chromophore-containing peptide harvested from a non-mutated donor. We use this scheme to investigate the effects that remodeling the electrostatics at this critical position have on the color tuning and quantum yield of GFP.


The invention relates to the technical field of web TV and provides a channel mixed-arranging method in an IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) system, which comprises the following steps of: updating mixed-arranging information according to a user group; obtaining updated mixed-arranging information by an electronic program guide (EPG), storing the mixed-arranging information in local; and identifying a set top box by the EPG according to a login request of the set top box, and sending the updated mixed-arranging information to the set top box after the identification is completed. The invention also provides an IPTV system. The channel mixed-arranging method or IPTV system provided by the invention enhances the flexibility of set of channel mixed-arrangement according to a mixed-arranged channel of the user group, and improves the user experience because a user can sequence the channels according to the interest.


material. For some years now?since 1894?antitoxine has been used in these hospitals for the treatment of diphtheria, and the clinical world has been looking forward to the reports of the experts on the efficacy of the treatment. Recently has appeared an elaborate report for the Board by Professor Sims Woodhead, whose experience as a pathologist gives him an exceptional title to interpret the results of pure bacteriology. He discusses here with perfect mastery the whole body of facts,?from the diagnosis of cases to the ultimate pathological states produced. The report, which extends, to about 284 foolscap pages, must become a substantive


Recently, characteristic research by the changes in the spectrum, one of the factors that influence analysis of maximum output power of PV module, has been studied. In this paper, a one-day intensity of solar irradiation, change of spectrums with time and electrical output for spectrums are analyzed. As a result, blue-rich wavelength compared with red-rich wavelength has large variation of solar irradiance with time, so we recognized that change of solar irradiance is dominated by variation of blue~rich wavelength. Also in same intensity of solar irradiance, electrical output in blue-rich wavelength was 3-8 % higher than one in red-rich wavelength.


This article discusses the evolution of enter pr ise system in the market economy, that is, the evolution process from single-own er s ystem, partnership system to modern company system. On the one hand, the article rev eals the basic reason for the evolution of enterprise system from the transac tio n cost angles, on the other hand, it also inquires into the basic evolutionary c haracteistics of the relations between rights and interests among internal facto r-owners in different enterprise systems.


This paper summarises efforts to control Sleeping sickness [Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)] by Tsetse flies and Trypanosomiaisis (T & T) control for the 7 consecutive years although started a decade ago in Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA). These efforts are critical for curbing HAT incidences and HAT epidemics. HAT cases have had profound negative impacts on human health, affecting local residents and international travel as well as tourism industry resulting into human and animal health burden and reduction in tourism income. Understanding the current efforts is essential in the proper planning and decision making on developing effective control strategy against T & T control. In this paper, we summarize the recent efforts in the control of T & T in National Parks and discuss the constraints faced. The information will enable TANAPA and other concerned authorities to make informed decision on optimal ways of controlling HAT in National Parks. The results show that much control efforts have so far concentrated in Serengeti, Ruaha, Tarangire and Katavi National Parks where tsetse fly challenges are high. A total 21,143 (average 3020) Insecticide Treated Targets (ITT) were deployed in different areas in the parks and 82,899 (average 20,725) cars entering these parks were sprayed from 2007/2008 to 2014/2015 and 2007/2008 to 2010/2011 respectively. Deployed ITTs lead to a drastic reduction of FTDs of the two dominant tsetse species to 1.3 and 1.4 of G. swynnertoni and G. pallidipes respectively, and the decline was significant at P = 0.011. The major challenges faced include tsetse re-invasion in controlled areas; resurgence of HAT cases when control efforts are relaxed, ITT maintenance and inadequate health education programs. The control strategy should be continuous and scaled up as failure to implement an effective and sustainable system for HAT control will increase the risk of new epidemic that would impede tourism development.


A very high frequency (VHF) second order bandpass filter has been developed. The filter is based on a minimal transistor-only all-MOS high-frequency generalized impedance converter (GIC) that simulates a passive RLC ladder. The filter poles are obtained using the internal lumped capacitances of the MOS transistor. Using this structure a very high frequency filter is obtained consuming a small chip area. The center frequency is controlled by an external bias current to the circuit. Using the GIC, a bandpass filter can be implemented in MOS technology with center frequencies in excess of 50 MHz. The filter is simulated for center frequencies of 47 MHz, 54 MHz and 63 MHz.<<ETX>>