Biomarkers have been taken one of the first places as diagnostic and prognostic tools in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). They are used both in the acute and in the long-term periods of the disease to predict various adverse events Their especially important property is the ability to predict the long-term adverse events of the disease, which can significantly improve the outcome. One of the promising biomarkers for the early adverse outcome prediction is the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).

 To determine the MIF significance in 1-year adverse outcomes prognosis after AMI.

 130 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients (72.6% male and 27.4% female) were enrolled, mean age was 58.25±1.22 years. Control group of 12 healthy volunteers included. All patients underwent a baseline investigation which includes standard electrocardiography, echocardiography with strain, angiography, and determination of marker of myocardial necrosis – cardiac troponin T. Also, the level of MIF, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2), C-reactive protein determined during the first 12 hours after the STEMI, before the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 6 hours, and 24 hours after the PCI. The endpoint was composite and included all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina, acute decompensated heart failure. During 1-year follow-up 18% of patients reached the endpoint.

 The effect of several variables of clinical, instrumental and laboratory status were assessed on reaching the endpoint by patients. We have found that MIF level determined before PCI (AUC 0.73; p=0.003; 95% Cl: 0.613 – 0.826) might be a significant independent predictor of mortality with sensitivity (Se) 70% and specificity (Sp) 80%. MIF level 6 hours after PCI showed even better result (AUC 0.8; p=0.002; 95% Cl: 0.64 – 0.9; Se 74%, Sp 82%). MIF >3934 pg/ml associated with the highest risk of adverse events. For identification of the main risk factors for adverse outcome, we have used logistic regression method. The MIF level determined before the PCI was the most important to predict adverse outcomes (odds ratios is 1.0006, p=0,0038; x2=4.58). Areas under the ROC for the model was equal to 0.8; 95% Cl: 0.58 to 0.89). Neither sST2 nor CRP have not shown any significant results (p<0.05). According to the data of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, long-term survival after STEMI was significantly lower in patient with the level of MIF determined during the first 12 hours after the event more than 2988 pg/ml (Log-rank = −4,891, p=0.014).

 Biomarker MIF has showed as an independent tool associated with the risk of adverse outcome 1 year after STEMI. MIF could be used in routine clinical practice to improve risk stratification of patients with STEMI.

 Type of funding sources: None.


A pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the process fluid (10) includes a sensor body (23) which receives the pressure of the process fluid. Sensor body (23) is deformed in response to pressure. Diaphragm which is supported from the sensor body (23) (16) has a tension that varies according to the deformation of the sensor body (23). Resonance frequency of the diaphragm (16) is measured. The measured resonance frequency represents the quality of the line pressure of the process fluid and isolation fill fluid system. In addition to the measurement of the resonance frequency, it can be used as a diagnostic means for evaluating the soundness of the vibration mode itself sensors.


The management of invasive fungal infections remains difficult.' Complications caused by opportunistic pathogens are frequent and life-threatening, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Numerous conditions predispose to these infections: cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), or organ transplantation (including transplantation of bone marrow, the liver, the kidney, or the heart). Despite the development of new classes of antifungal agents over the last decade, amphotericin B is still the antifungal agent of choice for most indi~ations.2.~ This substance, however, is poorly water soluble, and the only commercially available preparation (Fungizone) is a complex of amphotericin B and deoxycholate. The administration of Fungizone is associated with numerous side effects?' Recently, several investigators have shown interest in the development of a new modality of administration for poorly soluble agents (and in particular amphotericin B) by incorporating them in lipid vesicles referred to as liposomes! Extensive studies have already pointed out the rationale of such a concept?* As far as antifungal therapy is concerned, this approach, which involves the administration of a different galenic preparation of amphotericin B, appears very promising and may represent a useful alternative to currently available antifungal drugs, which commonly result in failure and high relapse rates. We used the time-kill curve method to examine the antifungal activity of amphotericin B incorporated into sonicated liposomes, which were made of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and stearylamine (ampholiposomes), and observed


There is increasing evidence that a mismatch exists between the structure of the schools and the cultural, social, and linguistic background of some segments of the school-aged population. This mismatch is often exemplified in the academic and behavioral expectations and performance of some students. In this article, the authors discuss the reciprocal nature and effect that learning and behavioral problems have on students. Next, the authors highlight selected programs that have impacted the course of intervention programs for children and youth. Characteristics that distinguish current alternative programs for students and variables that appear essential to qualify programming are presented. Last, the authors encourage more communication and interaction between researchers and practitioners concerning critical issues related to alternative schooling.


This article presents in a descriptive and comparative way how progress has been made, in the promotion and implementation of measures to achieve greater accessibility for people with disabilities, from the legal and administrative perspective in Spain and Portugal. Accessibility is the main means to achieve full integration and participation in society, as well as the unavoidable budget for the exercise of the rights that protect this important sector of the population. It is a right recognized in the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, chaired by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In relation to this right, and from the Portuguese and Spanish perspective, norms that regulate and protect it are being developed simultaneously. Therefore, in this work a descriptive analysis of the legislative development in both countries is carried out and different approaches are confronted. Accessibility needs measures that associate inclusion, human rights and social equity for people with disabilities. For this reason, it is essential that the different administrations demonstrate positive attitudes in their practices, to ensure access on equal terms with others, in order to achieve their full integration into society.


We show that the visibility in interference experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates is directly related to the condensate fraction. The probability distribution of the contrast over many runs of an interference experiment thus gives the full counting statistics of the condensed atom number. For two-dimensional Bose gases, we discuss the universal behavior of the probability distribution in the superfluid regime and provide analytical expressions for the distributions for both homogeneous and harmonically trapped samples. They are non-Gaussian and unimodal with a variance that is directly related to the superfluid density. In general, the visibility is a self-averaging observable only in the presence of long-range phase coherence. Close to the transition temperature, the visibility distribution reflects the universal order-parameter distribution in the vicinity of the critical point.


The plasma kinetics in He-H2O mixtures in diffuse atmospheric pressure glow discharges have been developed and partially validated [1]. However, the plasma kinetics in filamentary water-containing discharges, although ubiquitous for many applications, have not been studied in detail. A major difference between diffuse and filamentary plasmas is that the higher electron and ion density results in ionic recombination processes to play an important role in the radical production compared to the dominance of electron dissociation of water in diffuse plasmas. Unfortunately the branching ratios of electron-ion recombination reactions are not as accurately known as electroninduced processes. In this work, we measured the absolute densities of OH and H in a nanosecond pulsed Ar H2O plasma by laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-photon absorption LIF respectively [2]. We also implemented a 0-D kinetics reaction set in Global_Kin [3]. The simulated and experimentally measured H and OH densities as a function of time are compared in Fig. 1. The 0-D model predicts the absolute values of the H and OH densities accurately. Remaining discrepancies during the discharge pulse can be explained by uncertainties in the power density input waveform. Discrepancies in OH densities in the far afterglow are due to not considering transport. The results show that the reaction set is capable of predicting the general trends in reactive species The remarkable 2 orders of magnitude lower OH than H density is due to electron-induced dissociation of OH during the discharge pulse and enhanced recombination of OH due to the large H and O densities. This result seems to contradict the common assumption that OH is the dominant non-selective reactive species in water containing plasmas. The outcome of this study suggests that the importance of atomic species such as H and O in water containing plasma is generally underestimated. In addition, the high concentration of atomic radicals (in access of 10 22 m -3 ) leads to rapid recombination and a low overall energy efficiency for the production of reactivity.


The riparian buffer zone is one important component of the riparian ecosystem and has effective interception and transformation functions on the non-point agricultural pollutants.This paper reviews the definition and the characteristic of ecological structure of riparian buffer zone,as well as the function of riparian buffer zone,such as the interception functions on nitrogen and phosphorus,and the ecological restoration of degraded riparian buffer zone.Results show that both grass riparian buffer zone and forest riparian buffer zone can effectively control the migration of nitrogen and phosphorus into water.The width of riparian buffer zone,the hydrological characteristics and soil properties of riparian buffer zone,and seasonal change and the human activities all affect the interception efficiency of riparian buffer zone.The ecological restoration of degraded riparian buffer should be strengthened in order to ensure the health of the riparian ecosystem.Based upon current research weaknesses,this paper raised future research directions and proposed that long term field observation and studies should be conducted and appropriate health indicators should be established for evaluating riparian buffer zone so that scientific evidences can be provided for recovering the degraded riparian buffer zone.


Compared to conventional Petersen/Winblad criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), our prior work has shown that neuropsychological or "actuarial" criteria more accurately predicts progression to dementia, and is more strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and imaging profiles. However, research to date has been conducted in relatively healthy samples with few comorbidities. Given that history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in older veteran populations, and both conditions are well‐documented risk factors for AD, we compared Jak/Bondi neuropsychological and ADNI MCI criteria to examine cross‐sectional cognitive and biomarker profiles in a well‐characterized sample of Vietnam‐era veterans with history of TBI and PTSD.


The Collingridge'dilemma is the dilemma of the social control of technology. Collingridge proposed a solution to this dilemma,which is changing decisions to the technology of corrigibility,controllability and flexibility. However,this solution that is out of technology construction network faces problems of controllers and knowledge,cannot predict and adjust technology effectively. The extended actor-network tries to control the technology inside of technology construction,by way of extending the control time cover the process of technology construction,extending heterogeneous actors and extending embedded,non-embedded and tacit knowledge and extending technology construction itself.


Particles present in urban air pollution are mainly derived from diesel- and gasoline-fueled vehicles. Exhaust emission is able to cause several health effects in humans including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in diesel and gasoline particulate extracts and DNA binding to CT DNA (±S9 and ±XO) was investigated. A large difference in content of 14 PAHs in diesel and gasoline extracts was observed, showing higher concentration of 14 PAHs, 6 carcinogenic PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in diesel than in gasoline extracts. Selected PAH standards of B[a]P, benzo[c]fluoranthene (B[c]F), and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (NBA) were used in 32P-postlabeling/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique to identify CT DNA adducts formed by diesel particulate extracts. CT DNA adduct formation was higher for diesel extracts in comparison with gasoline extracts; however, no clear origin of DNA adducts derived from B[c]F-, 3-NBA-, B[a]P was detected. 32P-postlabeling/PAGE was a useful assay for analyzing and identifying PAH-DNA adducts. Occupational exposure to particulate and volatile PAH concentrations were evaluated using personal air samples and lymphocyte DNA adducts as markers of exposure. Overall air PAH concentrations were low in all eight workplaces, consisting of 97% of vapor phase compounds. DNA adducts analyzed by 32P-postlabeling assay were compared between the butanol and nuclease P1 enrichment procedures. Only in winter samples of exposed workers, butanol extraction revealed significantly higher adduct levels in comparison with those of control persons. No differences in adduct levels between exposed and control persons in summer were detected by using either butanol extraction or nuclease P1 treatment. Total concentrations of particulate and volatile PAHs measured in eight workplaces in winter showed a significant correlation with total DNA adducts analyzed in workers' lymphocytes (r = 0.852N = 8, p = .007).


The Corona crisis1 has had a devastating effect on the global economy and could end up being worse than the Great Financial Crisis (GFC). Some commentators have already suggested that the decline in economic activity could be the most marked for several centuries. Unlike the GFC, the Corona crisis was triggered by an external shock. Govern- ments responded to this shock by offering liquidity to the real economy, either directly or indirectly by guaranteeing new bank lending.

So far European banks have weathered the storm but will they be able to withstand a prolonged economic down- turn? This paper suggests that the fortunes of European banking systems will depend on the economic recovery we experience. If we witness a "V-shaped" recovery as cur- rently forecast by the European Commission, for example, then banks in the majority of EU member states might be able to survive unscathed. The picture could look very dif- ferent if the recovery turns out to be more sluggish though. The paper suggests that capital ratios – one of the key benchmarks used to assess the stability of banking systems – could drop dramatically in a number of member states such as France and Spain to well below what super- visors generally consider to be "sound" even under stress conditions. With the situation looking less severe in other member states such as Germany or the Netherlands, this could renew political tensions seen last during the euro area sovereign debt crisis.

The paper is structured as follows. Section "The Corona crisis" presents the latest economic forecasts and con- trasts the current crisis with the GFC. In Section "Could the Corona crisis undermine the financial stability of the Euro- pean banking sector?" the paper draws on the results of the 2018 EBA adverse stress test. Comparing the 2018 EBA adverse scenario with a plausible "ticked-shaped" recov- ery post-Corona, the paper presents illustrative impacts on capital ratios in a selected number of EU member states. Section "Concluding Comments" looks at the role of Euro- pean-wide policy responses to deal with the crisis and what the Corona crisis might mean for the future of the EU's Banking Union and Capital Markets Union.


p-synephrine is the active ingredient in Citrus aurantium which is a major component of weight loss preparations. A uterotrophic assay carried out by Arbo et al. on immature female mice demonstrated that p-synephrine could act as an antagonist at the oestrogen receptor. This warrants consideration because these formulations are used indiscriminately by young women. 17βoestradiol has a high affinity for the oestrogen receptor; consequently it was used as a benchmark against which the affinity of p-synephrine and the de novo designed non-steroidal molecules could be compared. Binding affinities of the psynephrine molecules were relatively low (pKd= 4.5-5.0) compared to that of 17β-oestradiol (pKd 7.23). However, the de novo generated molecules had affinities ranging between 5.6-8.48. This gives a good indication that these molecules could potentially displace 17β-oestradiol from the oestrogen receptor ligand binding pocket and that they could be further developed for the treatment of breast cancer and osteoporosis.


Conventional line-focus solar concentrators are limited by the 2D concentration limit, two orders of magnitude lower than the three-dimensional limit. This leads to low concentration ratios and strict manufacturing tolerances. It has been shown that by eliminating the continuous translational symmetry of these systems, it is possible to go beyond the 2D limit while maintaining the linear geometry of a line focus. We demonstrate that one way to break this symmetry is through ´etendue rotation, and we present two new concentrator configurations based on this insight. The first configuration uses an ´etendue rotating retroreflector array to boost the concentration of a parabolic trough. Ray-tracing simulations show that this configuration can achieve very high geometric concentration ratios or very high acceptance angles (1484 x at ±9mrad acceptance angle, or 25 x at −70mrad). However, this configuration requires two-axis external solar tracking. To get around this, we demonstrate a second configuration that uses an ´etendue rotating lens array with tracking integration. We demonstrate a design that achieves a geometric concentration of 146x at a ±9mrad, with a simulated average yearly efficiency of 94.9% when used with conventional horizontal single-axis external tracking at an installation latitude of 30°. The extra constraints of the tracking integration gives this design a more modest concentration ratio, but it is still higher than the 2D concentration limit and more than three times as high as the concentration of a parabolic trough evaluated under the same conditions. We believe that these new configurations show that the design landscape for line-focus solar concentrators can be widened, and that a practical high-concentration line-focus concentrator may be within reach.


This report shows the result of the work of IANIS+ eHealth work group (WG). The WG has collected regional eHealth experiences from around Europe through a number of activities: • Regional eHealth c ...


Statistical distances allow us to quantify the closeness between two statistical objects. Many distances are important in statistical inference, but can also be used in a wide variety of applications through goodness-of-fit procedures. This dissertation aims to develop useful theory and applications for these types of procedures. Extensive research has already been done for statistical distances in parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Specifically, there are a large number of distances that can be chosen to minimize the difference between the data and the assumed model. This procedure is known as the minimum distance approach. It was not necessary that the statistical distance be symmetric in parameter estimation but there are many applications in goodness-of-fit testing that require symmetric distance functions. In this paper, one of the main goals is to establish theory for selecting an appropriate symmetric distance when being used in these types of applications. Secondly, we propose a new class of symmetric distances that share the same desirable properties as previously proposed methods. In addition to focusing on symmetric statistical distances, a new method will be proposed for determining whether or not a particular distance is efficient or robust. Lastly, we exhibit the usefulness of our approach through applications in ecology and image processing.


Model‐based signal processing is a well‐defined methodology enabling the inclusion of environmental (propagation) models, measurement (sensor arrays) models, and noise (shipping, measurement) models into a sophisticated processing algorithm. Depending on the class of model developed from the mathematical representation of the physical phenomenology, various processors can evolve. Here the design of a space‐varying, nonstationary, model‐based processor (MBP) is investigated and applied to the data from a well‐controlled shallow water experiment performed at Hudson Canyon. This particular experiment is very attractive for the inaugural application of the MBP because it was performed in shallow water at low frequency requiring a small number of modes. In essence, the Hudson Canyon represents a well‐known ocean environment, making it ideal for this investigation. In this shallow water application, a state‐space representation of the normal‐mode propagation model is used. The processor is designed such that it...


In existing works, temporal interference correlation and joint coverage probability have been extensively studied in the infinite-area cellular network. However, in the actual networks, base stations (BSs) are deployed non-uniformly in a finite area, which leads to the network performance differences at different locations. Utilizing stochastic geometry, this paper analyzes the temporal correlation in the finite-area network with a non-uniform Poisson point process (PPP) model by deriving the exact expression of interference correlation coefficient and joint coverage probability between two different slots at arbitrary location in the finite region. Specifically, interference and coverage are temporally correlated in different slots due to the stability of network topology and the large-scale fading. In addition, the randomness introduced by independent small-scale fading weakens the temporal correlation to some extent, and non-uniform BS distribution in the finite network area leads to the location-dependence of temporal correlation of interference and coverage. Numerical results show the effects of BS densities, path-loss factors, and the location of a typical user on temporal correlation of interference and joint coverage probability.


Geochemical study considered as Important means to solve some mystery which accompanied sedimentation process through distribution study major element content as well secondary element distribution whereas those element reflect affecting environmental conditions in type of original sediments, sedimentation speed and digenetic process that occur on sediments after compaction , so attempt of find relation between the geochemical datum relationship with digenetic process it possible to reflect depositional conditions.


In order to accurately measure the ICRH antenna impedance,as well as the voltage and current of standing waves along the transmission line during plasma discharge,a new impedance measurement system based on probe-array,data acquisition and analysis by LabVIEW has been developed.In this paper,the input antenna impedance,as well as the voltage,current and input power of standing waves,were calculated using non-linear curve fitting method.The precision of impedance measurement was proved by the way of contrasting the calculation results with the measurement data by directional coupler.


The performance of Foxboro's Expert Adaptive Controller Tuning (EXACT) controller and Turnbull Control System's (TCS) Auto-Tuning Controller were compared versus the Generalized Minimum Variance (GMV) controller of Clarke and Gawthrop [2]. The EXACT controller's pattern recognition approach to automatic tuning of PID parameters gave good control for a wide range of operating conditions on two real processes. However, it was sometimes slow to adapt because it adjusts PID parameters only once per set point or disturbance transient. The TCS controller did not automatically update the PID controller parameters and hence acted more as an advisor than a self-tuning controller. The GMV controller is adaptive-predictive, but not self-tuning in the sense that parameters in the 1/Q control law (P=R=1) are user specified and not adapted. It is shown that a self-tuning strategy analogous to that used by the EXACT's tuner can be combined within the GMV algorithm so that the P+I controller parameters in I/Q can be tuned based on measured closed loop performance.


A series of copolymerization reactions of polyamine macromonomer 1 having controlled molecular weight with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were examined, in order to obtain a reliable estimation of the reactivity of the macromonomer in radical copolymerization. The monomer reactivity ratio r2 (HEMA as M2) was estimated to be 0,49 by a newly developed method which is expressed by Eqs. (4) and (5). This method, however, could basically be applied only to the estimation of the r2 value. On the other hand, a novel method for the evaluation of the copolymer composition from the conversion of each monomer using gas chromatography and ultraviolet fourth-order derivative spectra enabled us to estimate r1 as well as r2. Numerical values obtained for the system macromonomer 1 (M1)/HEMA (M2) amounted to r1 = 0,16 and r2 = 0,48; r1 is much smaller than the reactivity ratio of a low-molecular-weight analogue of 1, a fact which indicates that the reactivity of the growing radical with a 1 terminal toward 1 should be remarkably smaller than in case of a low-molecular-weight analogue of 1. This may be explained by the presence of the kinetic excluded volume effect.


Abstract Cooper pair tunneling in voltage-biased superconducting C-SET structure is discussed with emphasis on the electromagnetic environment effect based on the self-consistent microscopic theory of Coulomb blockade in C-SET. It is shown that coherent Cooper pair tunneling survives only in the low impedance limit where charge fluctuation is large, while incoherent Cooper pair tunneling survives in both low- and high-impedance limits.


General Relativity is based on the Einstein Equivalence Principle consisting of the Universality of Free Fall, the Universality of the Gravitational Redshift and Local Lorentz Invariance. Stating these principles already employs some further underlying assumptions. These assumptions are related to the famous Newton's axioms. Accordingly, the existence of inertial systems, the form of the equation of motion and of the law of reciprocal action will be discussed in this article. Conditions are given which allow to test these underlying assumptions.


By cleaving Bi-2Sr-2CaCu-2O-{8+ δ } crystals at liquid nitrogen temperature in high vacuum (2×10+{-5}Pa) and evaporating Au film with high speed, the "intrinsic" CuO-2/Au contact has been achieved. Using four terminal configuration measurement, we find that the contacts are ohmic and have a very low contact resistance of R-c less than 1.5×10+{-8}Ωcm+2. The possible explanation is that the contact resistance has vanished due to the proximity effect with R-c fully contributed by the measurement circuit, although we can not exclude the other possibility that it still exists with a value below R-c . These results will be helpful for further studying the contact properties between High T-c superconductors and metals.


ABSTRACT This study examines the productivity of room attendants in a hotel housekeeping department by using the input and output (IO) approach and explores the influence of customer market segments and room types on employee productivity. Using the qualitative approaches of direct observation and in-depth interviews, time checks for 22 guestrooms were directly observed in terms of hotel room cleaning procedures. Interview results indicated that 18 room attendants had received proper training. However, the room attendants encountered many obstacles during their daily operations, such as long waiting times for linens, thereby negatively affecting their productivity. Customer segmentation and room type also resulted in additional time required for room cleaning. Previous theoretical contributions and future managerial implications are also discussed.


514 Background: Hormonal based therapy has long been the mainstay for treatment of ER+ breast cancer. ER+ PR- disease is now known to exhibit different clinical behavior compared to ER+PR+ disease. Recent data indicate that ER+PR- disease is characterized by a lower response rate to estrogen deprivation, has a worse prognosis compared to ER+ PR+ disease, and may be dependent on other signaling pathways. To evaluate the role of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitnib in the treatment of breast cancer, we conducted a pre-surgical study in women with operable disease.

METHODS
Frozen core biopsies were obtained at baseline. Patients then received a short-term exposure to gefitinib (at least 2 weeks) prior to definitive surgery when a frozen tumor specimen was obtained. Tissue integrity and composition was verified by H and E and RNA was isolated for microarray analysis. 59 women were enrolled in the study of which 43 were evaluable for molecular analysis. Baseline microarrays were performed on the initial biopsies to classify the 'subtype' of breast cancer (e.g. basal, luminal, HER2 amplified). To analyze the genetic changes that occur in breast cancer tissue with exposure to gefitinib, a direct comparison of the baseline sample and post-treatment tumor was performed. In addition, ER and PR status were determined by immunohistochemistry and compared to the microarray findings. Changes in Ki67 and a set of cell cycle genes were used to define 'molecular response" to gefitinib. Of the 43 samples evaluated by microarray, 11 patients were categorized as exhibiting molecular growth inhibition, 10 patients as molecular growth proliferation, and 22 did not have a significant change in Ki67 and the cell cycle gene set to assign a response. When grouped by subtype, ER+PR- and HER2 amplified tumors define a subgroup more likely to show molecular growth inhibition with gefitinib. Conversely, ER+PR+ tumors were more likely to show molecular growth proliferation.

CONCLUSIONS
These results support the hypothesis that ER+PR- breast cancer is growth factor dependent and constitutes a unique subgroup of ER+ patients which may be more likely to benefit from EGFR inhibition. [Table: see text].


AIM: To study the effects of cripto antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on telomerase activity in colon cancer LS-174T cells. METHODS: Colon cancer LS-174T cells were treated with cripto ASODN. The expression of cripto mRNA was studied using real-time PCR. The telomerase activity was detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assay (TRAP-ELISA). The growth of LS-174T cells was observed with soft agar. RESULTS: Cripto ASODN inhibited the growth of LS-174T cells in a dose-dependent manner in soft agar. Cripto ASODN decreased the telomerase activity in colon cancer LS-174T cells, and the effects of repression were time-and dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: Cripto may contribute to the activation of telomerase in colon cancer.


The purpose of this study is to supplement the theoretical justification for the concept of fiscal environmental reform by studying payment for negative environmental impact as a revenue part of the state budget. The article considers the current system of environmental taxes, fees and payments in advanced foreign countries and in the Russian Federation; it analyzes budget revenues from environmental taxes as well. It is noted that in many developed countries the tax burden tends to shift from "labor" taxes to "environmental" ones. The main method of research is structural and dynamic analysis. In order to increase the budget revenues, the possibility of introducing the concept of "environmental tax" into the tax system of Russia is being considered, taking into account the successful experience of foreign countries. An increase in the amount of revenues from environmental taxes, fees and payments in order to achieve a sustainable fiscal policy does not guarantee an improvement in the country's environmental situation. That is why the article raises the problem of compatibility between the fiscal efficiency of environmental fees for negative environmental impact and the mechanism of natural environment restoration, i.e. the designated purpose of spending incoming funds. A compromise between the state's revenue generation and the usefulness of environmental taxes for nature is possible. It should be taken as a postulate that the effectiveness of the payment for the negative environmental impact as a tax will be achieved only if it is linked to the costs of environmental protection. All together – replacement of the payment for negative environmental impact by an environmental tax and "colored" income – will make it possible not only to increase budget revenues, but also to implement the state environmental policy at a high level, one of the goals of which is to finance measures to preserve and restore the environment.


This paptr analyzes systematic deviations of observed futures price from the value predicted by the simple cost-of-carry relationship. We focus on a new da:a set comprising of Dutch stock index futures contracts traced on the Euroiext in Amsterdam. The result; show that an increase in volatility of the underlying stock index leads to a decrease in the deviations of actual fu'ures prices from theoretically calculated values. We also find that the open interest in futures contract is positively related to the stock index volatility


Periodontal Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (pEDS) is a rare disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in complement 1 subunit genes C1R and C1S. To date, 148 cases have been described in the literature.We describe a case of a suspected de novo‐mutation of pEDS with generalized Periapical cemental dysplasia (PCD) and cerebral leukoencephalopathy.


The invention provides a cloud system fault detection method combining a self-adjustment strategy with a virtualization technology. The method comprises the self-adjustment strategy step and the virtualization step. By combining the self-adjustment strategy with the virtualization technology, a master control node carries out state detection and fault detection on other controlled nodes. The virtualization step can ensure that the specific fault types of the controlled nodes can be detected out and are diagnosed and recovered. In this way, the limitation that fault detection is carried out on only corresponding nodes or only one application is detected in the prior art is overcome, so that one master control node can be used for monitoring and detecting the global state in the cloud computation environment and carrying out diagnosing and recovering through the related strategy, the maintenance cost is greatly reduced, and system-level maintenance is carried out on enterprises conveniently.


This study mainly focuses on comparison of multi-robot task allocation problem and evaluation of corresponding solutions. Auction has been used in the problem widely. Various kinds of auction have been proposed previously. In this paper, we compare three auction-based algorithms applied in the task allocation problem from different aspects. In addition, an incremental variant is adopted in the parallel auction to improve its performance. We also compare the improved auction with the general parallel auction. Simulation results demonstrate that the improved parallel auction achieves better performance on the overall cost and completion time than the general parallel auction. Moreover, we summarize the suitable conditions for the algorithms we mentioned in the paper based on the simulation results.


It is known that a linear closed densely defined operator in any Hilbert space is called accretive if its real part is non-negative and maximal accretive if it is accretive and it does not have any proper accretive extension [1]. Note that the study of abstract extension problems for operators on Hilbert spaces goes at least back to J. von Neumann [2] such that in [2] a full characterization of all selfadjoint extensions of a given closed symmetric operator with equal deficiency indices was investigated. Class of accretive operators is an important class of non- selfadjoint operators in the operator theory. Note that spectrum set of the accretive operators lies in right half-plane. The maximal accretive extensions of the minimal operator generated by regular differential-operator expression in Hilbert space of vector-functions defined in one finite interval case and their spectral analysis have been studied by V. V. Levchuk [3]. In this work, using the method Calkin - Gorbachuk all maximal accretive extensions of the minimal operator generated by linear canonical type quasi-differential operator expression in the weighted Hilbert space of the vector functions defined at right semi-axis are described. Lastly, geometry of spectrum set of these type extensions will be investigated.


This report reviews conjugate priors and priors closed under sampling for a variety of data generating processes where the prior distributions are univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The eects of transformations on conjugate prior relationships are considered and cases where conjugate prior relationships can be applied under transformations are identied. Univariate and bivariate prior relationships are veried using Monte Carlo methods.


Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in both sexes. In several studies investigating the relationship between AGA and dyslipidemia, conflicting results have been reported. In this study, we aimed to compare serum triglyceride (TG) and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels that one of the criteria of metabolic syndrome in male patients with and without AGA.


The relation between "forward" and "backward" definitions of quantum velocity is discussed. A connection between the Feynman Integral and Wigner's phase space distributions which was noted in an earlier paper is explored further and some new and useful formulae are derived.


This paper presents the analysis and modeling of MEMS disk resonator. The main parameters that describe the operation of the disk are the quality factor, natural frequency and equivalent mass. In this work the frequency relation versus Poisson's ratio of the material and a general equation for the equivalent mass of disk resonator are obtained for different vibration modes of the disk resonator. The resulting model is formulated such that it can be coded by any suitable language such as systemC, verilog-AMS or VHDL-AMS. The model is verified by ANSYS


. This experiment aimed to evaluate the horticultural performance viz, tree morphology, yield efficiency and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin budded on ten rootstocks in the north-western region of India. Results revealed, rootstocks had a significant effect on several variables. Differences among the rootstock girth were recorded during the sixth year after planting (YAP) where the significantly highest values were found in Rough lemon and NRCC-6 however, the lowest value was present in NRCC-5. In the seventh year after planting, trees of Kinnow mandarin on all rootstocks produced similar yield efficiency. Trees on Carrizo citrange showed the highest fruit yield whereas, minimum fruit yield was observed on NRCC-4 during the sixth YAP. During seventh YAP, maximum influence on total soluble solids (TSS) content of Kinnow mandarin was recorded from the fruits obtained from trees on NRCC-1 and CRH-12, whereas fruits from trees on NRCC-3 had minimum soluble solids content. In both seasons, the maximum ascorbic acid content was recorded in fruits on CRH-12, whereas the minimum was observed from the fruits harvested from Carrizo citrange.


A number of events in the 1970's and 1980's impacted the course of process safety. Incidents such as Flixborough, Seveso, Three‐Mile Island, and Bhopal are well known throughout industry and are recognized as examples of major disasters. Even though events leading up to these disasters were completely different they had one common element between them: a substance was released from a manufacturing unit, became airborne and presented a hazard of such magnitude as to place the safety of both employees and the surrounding public in jeopardy. As a result, industry became increasingly concerned regarding potential loss, in human and economic terms, as plants and equipment grew in size [1]. The Flixborough incident raised the level of concern for process safety, particularly in terms of the hazards presented by fire and explosion. Seveso and Three‐Mile Island emphasized the need to consider far‐field exposure. The Bhopal incident created an urgent need to recognize and understand the expected downwind impact of potential releases of acutely toxic substances to the air. In order to meet this need, the Dow Chemical Company, a recognized leader in the area of safety and loss prevention, presented a Chemical Exposure Index in 1986. AIChE has recently published an updated version entitled Dow's Chemical Exposure Index Guide (first edition). The above publication appears as an AIChE Technical Manual entitled Dow's Chemical Exposure Index Guide [ISBN 0‐8169‐0647‐5] and is available through the AIChE Customer Service Department, 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017. Telephone: 1‐800‐242‐4363.


New generation of medical treatment has been supported by computerized processes. Signals recorded from the human body provide valuable information about the biological activities of body organs. The organs' characteristic topologies with temporal and spectral, properties, can be correlated with a normal or pathological function. In response to dynamic changes in the behavior of those organs, the signals exhibit time-varying, non-stationary responses. The signals are always contaminated by a drift and interference caused by several bioelectric phenomena, or by various types of noise, such as intrinsic noise from the recorder and noise from electrode-skin contact. In this paper we utilize adaptive filters for noise cancellation and analysis ECG signals.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of quality intima-media thickness(QIMT) in assessing function of common carotid artery(CCA) though cold pressure test(CPT).Methods Thirty healthy subjects[mean age(24.68±1.73) years old] were underwent 2D and QIMT examination under the normal quiescent and CPT condition respectively.The diastolic and systolic diameters of right-CCA were measured respectively.Corresponding the changed range and rate were calculated.After a week,under the same condition,10 subjects who were chosen randomly were examination again to accept reproducibility test.Results The maximal and minimal diameters,changed range and rate of diameters were wider when subjects suffered CPT and measured by QIMT(P0.05).There was no significant difference of diameters between CPT and quiescent condition which measured by 2D.The maximal diameters measured by QIMT were well concordance [in group:r=0.92,P0.0001:mean difference(0.027±0.012)mm].Conclusion The function of CCA would be evaluated by QIMT.


The book ''Speech and Language Processing'', al material or ideas not covered in the main text with Daniel Jurafsky and James Martin, Prentice Hall suggestions for further reading for those interested in 2000, will be of interest not only to those who are particular aspects of the topic. The exercises provide working within the fields of speech and language the reader with the opportunity to practice the processing but also to those who are new to the fields techniques and/or methods introduced in the chapter. of natural language processing, computational linWhere appropriate, points of theory introduced in guistics and speech recognition. It covers the major each chapter are supported by illustrations to enareas related to speech and language processing and hance the written text. For a reader unfamiliar with provides a comprehensive review of the field. the subject matter the text is well-written, clear and The text is divided into four sections covering the concise. The book begins with a good introductory main themes of Words, Syntax, Semantics and chapter that outlines the areas that will be covered in Pragmatics. These sections are divided into chapters the remainder of the book. covering particular areas of the main themes such as Because the field of speech and language processMorphology and Finite-State Transducers and ing is encompassed by different but overlapping Dialogue and Conversational Agents. In addition areas such as computational linguistics, natural lanthere are a number of useful appendices as well as an guage processing, speech recognition and computaextensive bibliography which is in excess of 20 tional psycholinguistics, a brief history is given of pages. Throughout the text there are numerous the main motivational factors in these areas from the pointers to other sources of reading. Each chapter 1940s until 1999. begins with an outline of the material to be covered The book introduces the algorithms that are the and ends with a summary, bibliographical and hisbasis on which each particular field has developed. torical notes and exercises. The summary outlines This is particularly advantageous for those new to the main points covered with emphasis on key words this field of study but can be skipped by those who or phrases whilst the bibliographical and historical already have some knowledge in this field. Examples notes section draws the reader's attention to additionare also used to illustrate aspects of theory. The book has been written in such a way that it is possible for readers to start at any point that is of *Tel.: 1 44-191-515-3268. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (S. Garfield). particular interest or relevance to them; there appears


The trial-manufacture of Q345BZ15 steel plate for thickness direction property, the reasonable composition system design and process by combining product technical requirement and actual production were elaborated.


The lifetime of three types of AMTEC electrodes is predicted from the rate of grain growth in the electrode. Grain size is related to electrode performance, allowing performance to be correlated with grain growth rate. The rate of growth depends on physical characteristics of each material, including the rates of surface self-diffusion and molecule mobility along grain boundaries. Grain growth rates for molybdenum, rhodium-tungsten and titanium nitride electrodes have been determined experimentally and fit to models in order to predict operating lifetimes of AMTEC electrodes. For lifetimes of 10 years or more, RhxW electrodes may be used at any operating temperature supportable by the electrolyte. TiN electrodes may be used in AMTEC cells only at operating temperatures under 1150 K, and Mo may be used only below 1100 K.


The most widely used anodes in the chloralkali industry are the RuO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} coated titanium electrodes. These electrodes have a long life and operate at a low chlorine overpotential and high efficiency. However, upon prolonged use, deactivation of these anodes occurs resulting in high chlorine overvoltages. RuO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} electrodes 5,000 {angstrom} thick, which mimic the dimensionally stable anodes in composition and the method of preparation, were prepared and tested for their activity toward the chlorine evolution reaction and subjected to lifetime testing in sulfuric acid solution. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used concurrently with electrochemical measurements to analyze the changes in the ruthenium content of the coating. The decrease in electrode activity was found to be closely linked to a decrease in the Ru content, and the measured profiles indicate that the loss takes place across the thin coating. Failure is observed for electrodes with a Ru content below the critical concentration of 3 {times} 10{sup 21} Ru atom/cm{sup 3}, but there is no evidence for the buildup of a pure TiO{sub 2} layer.


Parents in the United States frequently supplement the student loans available to their children by cosigning on a loan, borrowing against their home equity, or with unsecured debt in their own names. This paper investigates whether some students are constrained from attending and completing college by their parents' lack of access to credit markets by linking individual parental credit scores to their children's educational attainment. I find that good parental credit significantly improves the child's probability of attending college. Suggestive evidence is provided that the estimated relationship may be causal and not biased by omitted factors, such as unobserved ability or other personality characteristics.


PURPOSE: A moving picture creating system based on the network and method thereof is provided to create the moving picture having a predetermined story according to the intention of a user by using the templet information for creating one or more completed moving picture. CONSTITUTION: The moving picture creating system based on the network comprises: a server computer(200) connected with the network having a first data storage region(201) storing one or more templet for creating one moving picture having completed story; a second data storage region(202) storing the variables input by the user and identification information for the user; a moving picture creator(205) for creating the moving picture according to the templet information stored in the first data storage region and the variables stored in the second data storage region; and a data input-output unit(204) for outputting the templet information read to the user corresponding to the selected menu by the optional user interfacing the server computer and for receiving the variables input by the user and identification information for the user correspond to the templet information. Thereby, it is possible for the user to create the moving picture according to the intention of the user.


Objective: To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for health care professionals on lifestyle changes to prevent and control hypertension in otherwise healthy adults (except pregnant women). Options: For people at risk for hypertension, there are a number of lifestyle options that may avert the condition — maintaining a healthy body weight, moderating consumption of alcohol, exercising, reducing sodium intake, altering intake of calcium, magnesium and potassium, and reducing stress. Following these options will maintain or reduce the risk of hypertension. For people who already have hypertension, the options for controlling the condition are lifestyle modification, antihypertensive medications or a combination of these options; with no treatment, these people remain at risk for the complications of hypertension. Outcomes: The health outcomes considered were changes in blood pressure and in morbidity and mortality rates. Because of insufficient evidence, no economic outcomes were considered. Evidence: A MEDLINE search was conducted for the period January 1966 to September 1996 for each of the interventions studied. Reference lists were scanned, experts were polled, and the personal files of the authors were used to identify other studies. All relevant articles were reviewed, classified according to study design and graded according to level of evidence. Values: A high value was placed on the avoidance of cardiovascular morbidity and prema-ture death caused by untreated hypertension. costs: Lifestyle modification by means of weight loss (or maintenance of healthy body exercise and low alcohol consumption will the blood pressure of appropriately selected normotensive and hypertensive people. Sodium and stress the blood pressure of appropriately selected hypertensive patients. The side effects of these therapies are the


Globally, one in six women will develop cancer in her lifetime, and one in 11 will die. Incidences of cancer are lower in women in developing countries, but they have higher cancer deaths rates than women in the developed world.
The two top cancers for women are breast and cervical. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women living in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the second most common.
Great strides have been made in preventing these two cancers in developed countries. If diagnosed early it's increasingly possible to treat some, if not all the various breast and cervical cancers. But preventative interventions – ranging from vaccination, screening, diagnostic and treatment programmes – cost money that few governments across the continent have. This – along with socioeconomic issues – contributes to the poor outcomes in developing countries.


In this narrative medicine essay, a family physician writes to her deceased aunt about how their shared genetics connects their histories through which she hopes to create a future unavailable to her aunt in the 1970s.


The closure of large mines causes a systematic disturbance to the hydrogeological environment. Pollution arises after flooding of the abandoned workings leads to discharge at the surface. As the general character of mine systems is one of extreme yet orderly heterogeneity, in terms of both permeability and dominant flow regime, standard techniques for modelling groundwater flow and quality are inappropriate. Furthermore, spatially distributed models require a large amount of data, generally not available when considering large mining areas. We adopt a global approach to simulate changes in sulphate concentrations in mine discharge water in the Lorraine iron basin, France, and test this method on the iron mine of Saizerais, abandoned 20 years ago.


In this paper, we present a core-based scan architecture for silicon debug, which is currently being standardized within Philips. The reasons behind the core-based debug architecture, together with implementation details, are described. The choices that were made during its development are explained using the experiences gained from two large Philips system chips that each utilize core-based design and test, and scan-based silicon debug. The results of an area-cost evaluation of the presented architecture for these two large system chips are also presented.


The relationship between stock prices and exchange rates has continued to generate interest from both the academia and financial industry players for many years. This study conducts an empirical investigation into the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for the two largest economies in Sub-Saharan Africa – South Africa and Nigeria. Our methodology accounts for structural breaks in the data and the long-run relationship between stock and foreign exchange markets. The results of multivariate causality tests with structural breaks showed that causality runs from exchange rates to domestic stock prices in Nigeria (flow channel) while in South Africa, no causality exists between domestic stock prices and exchange rates. The results also reveal that there is causality from the London stock market to both countries' stock markets, thus showing that international stock markets are driving both the Nigerian and South African stock markets.


People within the European Union (EU) are free to move between countries in search
of work and other opportunities. In recent years, particularly since 2004, the number
of nations included in the EU has expanded from six to 28 members, including many
Eastern European nations that were historically poorer than Western European
nations. Could this expansion be something public health researchers should be
concerned about, because more migratory populations, especially between national
borders, may be harder to count?

Using shaded contour plots (SCPs), a form of high density data visualisation, we explore
large statistical maps of population count discrepancies, seeing whether large scale
population flows in the last decade have made head counts less reliable. We identify
large population count discrepancies in the mid 2000s in younger adults, consistent
with the hypothesis that more migratory populations are harder to enumerate and so
more likely to be double counted.

Without accurate denominators, rates become unreliable, and so tracking public health
trends over time becomes problematic. We highlight this problem by showing that,
taken at face values, the groups of people most likely to be miscounted also seem to
have experienced an unprecedented drop in mortality risk. This finding seems 'too
good to be true', and shows why accurately counting heads can be a major health
research headache.


OF ALL OF THE RESOURCE DEBATES currently under way in British Columbia, the seemingly inevitable lifting of the moratorium on offshore exploration for oil and gas reserves is potentially one of the most explosive. The stakes in this debate are extraordinarily high. On the one hand is the prospect of an enormous economic boon to coastal communities that have suffered real declines in their prosperity and population (Statistics Canada 2001); on the other is the risk of environmental catastrophe through spillage a hazard that is complicated by the fact that the majority of British Columbia's offshore oil and gas lies beneath Hectate Strait (the stretch of ocean that separates the Queen Charlotte Islands from the Mainland), an area that is one of the most geologically active regions in the world. The result is a seemingly classic dilemma of industrial society: how much environmental risk is deemed acceptable in the face of how much economic benefit? At this time, however, offshore oil and gas development in British Columbia remains a spectre that exists only in the ideas held by individuals, groups, environmental organizations, governments, and public and private institutions. What this article argues is that the institutions that dominate the public "life" of this issue media and the provincial government are structuring their rhetorical and political actions regarding offshore oil and gas in order to negotiate and regulate politically explosive ideas about risk and risk management. The prospect of offshore development invites the collision of different types of risk perception and management: (1) the environmental risk of a major spill or other catastrophe and (2) the very real risk of the economic annihilation of certain regions of northern coastal British Columbia. Yet because offshore development is still a prospect rather than a reality, its


One-way shape memory alloy wires exhibiting super elastic properties are capable of generating high recovery stresses under constrained conditions upon external mechanical loading. In the present work, the damping response of hybrid composite materials enhanced with super-elastic NiTi alloy wires is examined. The studied system consisted of an aramid reinforced epoxy resin composite in which NiTi wires have been embedded. By conducting damping measurements it was found that the addition of Ni–Ti wires into the aramid/epoxy composite leads to a significant modification of its damping which depends strongly on wire volume fraction. This paves the way for the design of a new class of hybrid materials that combine the stiffness and strength of reinforcing fibers with the increased damping tuning capability offered by the NiTi wires.


1. Symptoms involving virtually any system in the body or several systems simultaneously, and frequently the central nervous system (particularly mood, memory and concentration difficulties). 2. Differing symptoms and severity in different individuals, even among those having the same exposure. 3. Induction by a wide range of environmental agents, including pesticides and solvents. 4. Subsequent triggering by lower levels of exposure than those involved in initial induction of the illness. 5. ''Spreading'' of sensitivity to other, often chemically dissimilar substances; each substance may trigger a different, but reproducible, constellation of symptoms. 6. Concomitant food and drug intolerances, estimated to occur in a sizeable percentage of those with chemical sensitivities. 7. Adaptation (masking), that is, acclimatization or tolerance to environmental incitants, both chemical and food, with continued exposure; loss of this tolerance with removal from the incitant(s); and augmented response with reexposure after an appropriate interval (for example, 4 to 7 days). 8. An apparent threshold effect referred to by some as the patient's total load, a theoretical construct that has been invoked to help explain why an individual develops this syndrome at a particular time. Illness is said to occur when the total load of biological, chemical, physical, and psychological stressors exceeds some threshold for the patient. This concept has emerged from clinical


A lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) hollow cathode with radiati v e heater has been developed for high power Hall thruster neutral i zer. The influences of orifice and keeper shapes on the performance of the hollow cathode and on its operating characteristics are investigated by measuring the discharge voltage and current. Six different orifice shapes are used in this study: straight, long tapered, and short tapered, each with an orifice diameter of 2 or 3 mm. The straight orifice with the 2-mm diameter has the widest range of spot-mode operation, although no effect of orifice shape is observed for the 3-mm diameter. This is because the high neutral-gas density around the orifice fosters transition to the spot mode from the plume mode with a straight φ 2-mm orifice. Regarding the effect of the keeper, having a large exit diameter and the shortest distance possible between the cathode tube and the keeper gives the widest range of spot-mode operation.


Abstract This paper initiates a measuring method to reduce the traditional three‐dimensional thermal circuit models into the two‐dimensional compact ones. The new thermal models are represented by the equivalent circuits which can be simulated in the SPICE. Furthermore, the ambient temperature and the power of the components are also decoupled to equivalent voltage and current sources, respectively. Therefore, when the ambient temperature or the power of the component changes, the compact thermal models can still work without doing any regeneration work. The proposed technique can greatly reduce the simulation time of heat transfer of printed circuit boards. Furthermore, the reduced models can be connected to any place on the model of the printed circuit board. The proposed technique provides a systematic synthetic way to build up models of printed circuit boards.


The intersection is an important node in the road network, and the traffic capacity of the intersection determines the running state of the entire road network. Congestion at an intersection will inevitably lead to a decrease in road capacity, and the congestion will spread to adjacent road sections and intersections, forming a congested area "from points to surfaces". Based on gap optimization, this paper adjusts the gap between the speed of the main road and the traffic flow and optimizes the speed of the secondary road to make it pass the intersection safely. The control method proposed in this paper is verified by VISSIM simulation, and the average value of delay and the number of vehicles stops at the traditional un-signaled intersection and the un-signaled intersection under the internet of vehicles environment are analyzed and compared. The results show that the average total delay of un-signaled intersections in the internet of vehicles environment is reduced by 62.7%, the number of parking times per vehicle is reduced by 56.89%, and the traffic capacity of un-signaled intersections is improved.


adjusted the reed, or stood as immovable as the rock of Gibraltar. I rebel. Give me compositions in which the piano and wind instrument each has an integral part-a message to offer-with contrasting themes that give moments of enjoyment to the listeners, and in which the emotions of the performers can speak through melody. I am not alone in my demands. But until the compositions of the new, schooled musicians are given a chance, I will not be satisfied. -HARLO E. MCCALL, Professor of Music, East Central State Teachers College, Ada, Oklahoma.


In recent years, environmental and economic considerations have led to changes in service conditions and demands for increased compressor efficiency. Flapper valve materials with higher fatigue strength have been a limiting factor in the development of compressor designs. Material manufacturers, therefore, have made great efforts to enhance the properties of existing materials and to develop new materials to keep pace with the needs of the industry. New flapper valve materials with high performance have been developed recently. This paper provides a review of where the technology is today. Bending fatigue strength and impact fatigue strength are the two most important properties for flapper valves. Flapper valve steel strip material with high bending fatigue strength should have a high tensile strength with high ductility. The strip surface after surface treatments should show a very good finish and high compressive residual stresses with a low stress relaxation rate. Besides all the above parameters, high damping capacity is favourable to a high impact fatigue strength.


The low-ohmic resistance measurement capabilities of the Van Swinden Laboratorium (VSL) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were compared using a set of resistors with values 100 mΩ, 10 mΩ, 1 mΩ, and 100 μΩ respectively. The measurement data of both laboratories generally agree well within the combined measurement uncertainties, ranging from 0.54 μΩ/Ω at 100 mΩ to 4.3 μΩ/Ω at 100 μΩ (k = 2). Careful transport of the resistors was crucial for achieving this result.


Dwarf galaxies have received a great deal of observational attention in the last decade for two reasons. The first is that their intrinsic properties provide insight into galaxy formation...The second...that dwarfs, or low mass galaxies, may better sample the distribution of mass in the Universe.


It is anticipated that the growing number of distributed energy resources and other cyber physical components of smart grids will make the management of the distribution grid more complex. In this survey paper, four discernible challenges related to big data and the enablement of autonomous grid operation are investigated: (1) the technical readiness level of cloud computing services, (2) limitations of wireless telecommunication technology, (3) smart meter related privacy issues and (4) the intrinsic uncertainty in data analytics. The investigated challenges indicate that the current performance of cloud computing and wireless telecommunication technology do not readily enable autonomous decentralized secondary control of power systems. Moreover, technical and legislative solutions have to be developed to ensure consumer privacy, prior to applying data analytics on smart meter data.


The real-time ash content measurement is the fundamental condition for the timely adjustment and intelligent control of operation parameters in coal production and utilization industry. In the present work, a real-time ash content analyzer based on the pseudo-dual energy X-ray transmission was developed. The feasibility of this X-ray ash content analyzer was validated by the linear relationship between ash content and five characteristic parameters of X-ray. The conditions of wave filter, tube voltage, and tube current were optimized. The comparison between the ash contents measured by muffle furnace and the X-ray ash content analyzer was conducted in laboratory and industry. It was found that the absolute error was smaller than 1% for clean coal with ash content of approximately 10%, and the possibility of the absolute error smaller than 0.5% was higher than 85%.


The E'meishan basalt weathering crust is widely distributed over Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou.Study indicates that there are many REE occurrences in the basalt weathering crust in west Guizhou which are controlled by endogenetic and exogenetic geological process.Therefore,most of the REE ores occur on the Quaternary planation surface.


A novel joint angle estimation method is proposed using a new bio-signal for an amputee subject. We used the muscle bulge movement on the forearm skin surface as a new bio-signal for estimating the extent of motion in a previous study. We found that it is feasible to estimate the intended wrist joint angle using the distribution of the muscle bulge for intact subjects. Thus, in the present paper, we validate the feasibility of our method for an amputee. In applying our method to an amputee subject, we improved our distance sensor device so that it can accommodate the position of the muscle, which is variable for an amputee subject. In addition, we improved the algorithm that estimates the wrist joint angle using linear multiple regression for calculating the relationship between the intended wrist joint angle and the distribution of the muscle bulge. As a result, we found that the distribution of the muscle bulge changes for the amputee as for intact subjects. The movement of the position of the muscle bulge on the forearm skin corresponded to the extent of the intended wrist joint angle. According to the result of the estimation of the wrist joint angle, the root-mean-square error of the estimated angle with respect to the measured angle for the amputee was slightly larger than the error for intact subjects. Nevertheless, the root-mean-square error for the amputee was smaller than that when employing the previous method for intact subjects. Finally, it is feasible to use the muscle bulge movement on the forearm skin to estimate the intended wrist joint angle for the upper limb amputee.


We construct a simulation system for a live line maintenance robot using virtual reality. The simulation system uses the same input devices and controllers as a real robot system. It provides functions of operator training, human-machine intelligent control simulation, and robotic trajectory simulation. Those simulation data can activate the real robot. The simulation system framework and modeling methods of the virtual world are described in the paper. An experimental simulation result shows the validity of the proposed system.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between accessibility of healthy und unhealthy foods, the use of self-regulatory strategies, nutrition and body weight of children and adolescents. The questionnaire study was attended by 1,170 pupils aged 12 -17 (M = 14.09, SD = 1.63). There is a significant association between the accessibility of unhealthy foods at home and outside of home and snacks eating, but the relationship wasn't significant if the level of the use of self-regulatory strategies based on controlling and avoiding temptations was high. Similarly, there is a significant association between the accessibility of unhealthy foods at home and the consumption of sweetened beverages but the relationship wasn't significant if the level of the use of self-regulatory strategies based on avoiding temptations was high. In summary self-regulation was a moderator of the relationship between the accessibility of the unhealthy foods and nutrition. The relationship between the foods accessibility and body weight were not significant.


According to the theory of Historical completeness, history is human activities of the past, and of its two principal qualities, namely impersonality and integrity, the latter being what makes general history. The previons works of general history and the new-style ones are not real general histories at all. They neither treat of human activities of the past nor meet the requirements of a general history with their limited style. The theory clearly points out that the object of a general history should be human activities of the past and a general history must preserve and pursue the integrity of history. Being the forerunner of the theories for the general histories in modern China, the theory has outstanding academic values.


The accretion-induced neutron star (NS) magnetic field evolution is studied through considering the accretion flow to drag the field lines aside and dilute the polar-field strength, and as a result the equatorial field strength increases, which is buried inside the crust on account of the accretion-induced global compression of star crust. The main conclusions of model are as follows: (i) the polar field decays with increase in the accreted mass; (ii) the bottom magnetic field strength of about 10 8 G can occur when the NS magnetosphere radius approaches the star radius, and it depends on the accretion rate as ˙ M 1/2 ; and (iii) the NS magnetosphere radius decreases with accretion until it reaches the star radius, and its evolution is little influenced by the initial field and the accretion rate after accreting ∼0.01 M� , which implies that the magnetosphere radii of NSs in low-mass X-ray binaries would be homogeneous if they accreted the comparable masses. As an extension, the physical effects of the possible strong magnetic zone in the X-ray NSs and recycled pulsars are discussed. Moreover, the strong magnetic fields


Neuroimaging tools have provided novel methods for understanding the impact of prenatal drug exposure on brain structure and function and its relation to develop‐ ment and behavior. Information gained from neuroimaging studies allows for the investigation of how prenatal drug exposure alters the typical developmental trajecto‐ ry. The current prevalence and characteristics of prenatal drug exposure and its implications for vulnerable periods of brain development are reviewed. Structural and functional neuroimaging methods are introduced with examples of how study results from prenatal alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, and tobacco exposure further our under‐ standing of the neurodevelopment impact of prenatal drug exposure. Prenatal drug neuroimaging studies have advanced our understanding of mechanisms and function‐ al deficits associated with prenatal drug exposure. Studies have identified brain circuits associated with the default mode network, inhibitory control, and working memory that show differences in function as a result of prenatal drug exposure. The informa‐ tion gained from studies of prenatal drug exposure on brain structure and function can be used to make connections between animal models and human studies of prenatal drug exposure, identify biomarkers of documented effects of prenatal drug exposure on behavior, and inform prevention and intervention programs for young children.


Workflow is the automation of a business process in whole or part.To abstract the business process and model business process modeling is the first step of workflow management.Activity-centered workflow management system emphasizes process execution so much that the role of the organization is ignored.This paper mainly establishes business process by roles.Business's goals are achieved by role's interaction.Role and its elements are expressed by XML.Process is expressed by role's interaction.This paper also gives an architecture applying this role-based model.


[528521-86-0] C41H34P2 (MW 588.66)

InChI = 1S/C41H34P2/c1-5-17-33(18-6-1)42(34-19-7-2-8-20-34)37-25-13-15-31-27-29-41(39(31)37)30-28-32-16-14-26-38(40(32)41)43(35-21-9-3-10-22-35)36-23-11-4-12-24-36/h1-26H,27-30H2

InChIKey = DKZNVWNOOLQCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(chiral diphosphine ligand for transition metal catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones,1 hydrosilylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes,2 and allylic alkylation3)

Alternate Name: SDP.

Physical Data: mp 206–208 °C; (c = 0.5, CH2Cl2) for (S)-SDP.

Solubility: sol CH2Cl2, CHCl3, THF, benzene, ether; modestly sol methanol, ethanol; insol water.

Form Supplied in: white solid.

Preparative Methods: the enantiomerically pure SDP is prepared in five steps from enantiomerically pure 1,1′-spirobiindane-7,7′-diol. It is obtained in 60% yield.1

Handing, Storage, and Precautions: solid SDP is substantially stable to air, but bottles of SDP should be flushed with N2 or Ar and kept tightly closed for prolonged storage. SDP is slowly air oxidized to the monoxide in solution.


There are various methods which have been adopted to work out the course of the fibres in the brain. The method by dissection of the brain with the scalpel has been much employed, and though it is doubtless of value in tracing out the coarser strands, it is open to the objection that the parts are very much displaced by the operation necessary to follow out the fibres, and also that relations may be artificially produced which do not actually exist. Moreover it is quite impossible to trace the fibres to their ultimate ending, as this can only be accomplished by the use of the microscope. The methods of tracing the fibres by producing degeneration in the different tracts by dividing them during life, and also the method of examining the period in fœtal life at which the fibres acquire their medullated sheath, which has been employed by Flechsig, give most certain results, but they present great difficulties when a large system of fibres like the cingulum, which courses round the whole extent of the brain, has to be minutely examined.


Pod shattering is one of the major soybean constraints in the soybean production centers, particularly in the tropics. The screening for pod shattering resistance of 16 genotypes was carried out using detached and undetached pod methods on the three different pod positions on the stem. The field research was arranged in a randomized block design, during the dry season in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. The shattering evaluation was conducted in the laboratory using the ovendry method. The screening methods to investigate the pod shattering resistance of each genotype consisted of the detached pod (DP), undetached pod (UDP), and undetached whole-stem method (UWS). The result showed that the detached pod method (DP) resulted in a higher average podshattering percentage (15%) than the undetached pod methods (UDP and UWS, 13% and 11%, respectively). Nevertheless, the detached pod and undetached pod methods provide a consistent result for the evaluation of pod shattering resistance, showed by their correlation coefficients (DP and UDP, r = 0.98**; DP and UWS, r = 0.98**, UDP and UWS, r = 0.99**). The detached pod with the oven-dry method was suggested to be used for screening of pod shattering resistance. This method enables to screen genotypes in greater numbers, provides a homogeneous selection pressure and environmental condition. Pods at the upper part of the stem were more resistant to shattering than those pods in the middle part and lower part. The pod length, seed length, seed weight, pod wall weight to the pod weight ratio, and weight of 25 seeds appeared to be the significant indicators for pod shattering resistance. The shattering evaluation resulted in five soybean genotypes (Anj/G100H-28, Anj/G100H-44, Anj/Rjbs-304, Anj/Rjbs-30, and Detap 1) with consistent resistance to pod shattering based on the three methods. These genotypes can be used as donor parents in the breeding program for pod shattering resistance.


As the secondary signal of the Current transformers (CTs) is used in measuring and protection schemes, the accuracy of their operation is so important. In this paper, a real current transformer is modeled using three dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). Then its operation is analyzed under normal current of the primary conductor. First, the primary is positioned at the center of the current transformer. In the second stage, the operation of the CT is analyzed when the primary conductor is eccentric with respect to the CT core. At the third stage, the effect of the abrupt bends of the primary conductor on the CT magnetic field distribution is studied. Finally, two dimensional (2D) FEM is used for analyzing the effect of the stray flux on the CT magnetic field. This stray flux is caused by the adjacent bus bar which is under an over current condition. It is shown that the situations mentioned above can cause to an asymmetric magnetic field distribution in the CT core which in turn may lead to the error in the CT secondary current and so undesirable operation of the protection schemes fed by that CT.


The article presents results of a theoretical and empirical research of risk factors of emotional infringements among children and teenagers living in the conditions of the Far North. The essence of the concepts «syndrome of polar pressure», «risk factor», «uneasiness» is analyzed. The author emphasizes that these factors in the aggregate influence children"s health.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing water-absorbing polymer particles, wherein an aqueous solution of a polymerizable monomer, a monomer solution was prepared using heat and steam condensate.


Willis‐Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome (WED/RLS) seems to be a frequent cause of intractable chronic insomnia (ICI) but is under‐recognized in children/adolescents with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs), as many patients do not have the ability to express the underlying "urge‐to‐move". In light of this, we aim to develop a protocol for behavioral observations supporting the diagnosis of WED/RLS.


The goals of postoperative management of horses with abdominal disorders are to treat pain, support the cardiovascular system, treat endotoxemia, identify and treat surgical infection, restore gastrointestinal function, and manage secondary complications (diarrhea, thrombophlebitis, laminitis). Problems encountered in the postoperative period usually represent a natural progression of events triggered by the primary lesion. To maintenance fluids in adult horses (approximately 2.5 ml/kg/hr) are added the estimate of dehydration and the estimated ongoing losses. Electrolyte derangements, specifically hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia, can become significant in postoperative patients. Synthetic colloids can be used when fluid loss is compounded by a decreasing oncotic pressure, but are not a substitute for plasma or blood products when RBC, platelets, antithrombin or coagulation factors are needed. Potential strategies for endotoxemia are to prevent absorption, chelate and eliminate the endotoxin molecule, and manage the cascade of mediators triggered by endotoxin. Drugs used for pain management should provide a good clinical response and minimally affect gastrointestinal motility. Treatment of postoperative ileus with prokinetic agents has met with limited success in horses, and the primary focus for treatment includes fluid and electrolyte therapy and gastrointestinal decompression. Prevention of recurrence of large colon displacements includes colopexy and large colon resection, and some postoperative complications may require repeat celiotomy. Perioperative antimicrobial therapy should be broad spectrum and have minimal effects on gastrointestinal flora.


We consider the Navier-Stokes motion in a bounded cylinder with
boundary slip conditions. We assume an inflow and an outflow of the fluid through the bottom and the top of the cylinder where the magnitude of the flux is not restricted. We require that the derivatives of the initial velocity and the external
force with respect to the variable along the axis of the cylinder are sufficiently small. Under these conditions we are able to prove global existence of regular solutions. Since we are interested in nonvanishing in time flux we need to use the Hopf function to derive global energy estimate.


The response of a northeastern U.S. hardwood forest to wet and dry deposition of hydrogen ion and sulfate deposition was performed using the hydrobiogeochemical, lumped‐parameter Terrestrial Aquatic Model for Ecosystems (TAME). Results of model calibration and output stream chemistry show that ion‐exchange and mineral dissolution processes in the B and C horizons buffer the acidic, ambient atmospheric deposition [864‐eq‐SO4-2/(ha/yr) and 718 eq‐H+/(ha/yr)] in this hydrologically tight and flashy watershed. Watershed response to a 50% decrease in total deposition of acidity over twenty years indicates that the watershed is linear with respect to sulfate (50% decrease in mass outflow) but less responsive with respect to acid neutralizing capacity, ANC (11% increase in stream volume‐weighted average ANC concentrations). Only moderate improvements in ANC can be expected from emission controls and decreased sulfate deposition.


This study investigates integrated inventory problem for a two-stage supply chain consisting of a single vendor and single buyer. We develop a model for coordinating the replenishment decisions for raw material procurement, production, and shipment under stochastic environment. For attaining the model objective, we develop an algorithm to determine the optimal shipment-sized, safety factor, number of shipment and number of raw material replenishment based on minimum expected total cost. Furthermore, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effect of primary parameters on the lot size, safety factor, number of batches and expected total cost. The results from numerical examples shows that making production-inventory decisions jointly can reduces expected total cost comparing with making decisions individually. Keywords: Supply chain, replenishment decision, raw material procurement, production, shipment, stochastic.


It is broadly accepted that a postsynaptic "miniature" is the most elementary chemically transmitted signal and results from the all‐or‐none release of transmitter packaged in a single presynaptic vesicle. Hitherto, it has not been possible to directly verify this renowned representation, although it is consistent with evidence of vesicle traffic and, following an intense period of release, vesicle depletion. However, vesicle traffic involving molecular components similar to those implicated in transmitter release has been attributed to other functions including membrane repair. Furthermore, as a number of investigators have recently proposed, miniature signals recorded at peripheral and central synapses may actually reflect several rather than a single discharge of transmitter. It is not clear whether such putative multiple‐discharge miniatures represent near‐synchronous exocytoses of several vesicles or a burst of openings in a pore that couples a vesicle with the outer membrane. In any case, despite the popularity of the vesicular hypothesis, the molecular mechanism involved in synchronizing fast elementary secretion has not yet been elucidated. Interdependencies among subminiature discharges composing a miniature have suggested that the underlying process is a regenerative signal restricted to a presynaptic terminal unit, confirming Fatt and Katz's first speculation on miniatures, which was not vesicular exocytosis [Fatt and Katz (1952), J. Physiol., 117:109–128]. Here we discuss the possibility that this regenerative signal might be a localized cytosolic Ca2+ transient and attempt to reconcile this hypothesis with the exocytotic models proposed to explain fast transmitter release. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


1. CONTENTS
(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Facilities for the disabled in the domestic issues of education and lack of understanding around Yong-in city...


The raise in axle loads, heavy traffic, design and construction errors in the last two decade increase the failures such as rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking. These deformations decrease the level of performance and service life of the roads. Aging phenomenon, which is defined as the hardening of asphalt binder due to loss of volatile components and oxidation, is the primary factor of the above-mentioned failures. This study aims to evaluate the current standard (AASHTO R30) regarding to the laboratory aging procedure with the new method proposed by National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP 09-54). In order to investigate the aging effects, the indirect tensile strength tests have been performed on unaged, short and long term laboratory aged asphalt concrete specimens. The aging level of the asphalt concrete specimens had been evaluated through aging indices.


This paper identifies most distorted areas using a full reference quality metric and analyzes its coding decisions over Ultra High Definition H.265/HEVC High Efficiency Video Coding encoded sequences for video coding optimization. The quality metric is based on two major functions. First, a coding-defect perceptibility indicator is processed. Second, a local coding-defect indicator is defined by combining structural similarity SSIM and Gabor coherency. Three UHD sequences have been encoded at four bitrates and each quality has been estimated. The area below the 10th percentile in terms of objective quality is identified and respective coding decisions are analyzed. Results suggest that the majority of most distorted CUs share the same coding decisions. 88.05% of most distorted CUs are 32×32 or 64×64, and Merge or Skip mode CUs. However, sequence analysis reveals that most distorted coding mode distribution is content dependent. Therefore, simple global coding mode restriction might not provide the optimal encoding strategy.


Data has been often offloaded to the cloud for high accessibility due to the advanced cloud infrastructure. However, we often ignore the safety of our data and completely rely on the cloud service provider. Data protection and encryption are the most important foundations in order to construct reliable and secure cloud environments. Recently, a lot of industries have used and developed various data encryption techniques that would be a fundamental solution to achieve data protection. This paper investigates current encryption and key management techniques used by the industry. We evaluate the popular techniques to find the elements that affect system performance. Finally, we compare various encryption techniques and suggest future directions for high performance and scalable encryption techniques.


Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy whereby a radioactive source is used inside or at short distance from the tumor. There are three different forms of brachytherapy: interstitial, intracavitary, and skin therapy. In interstitial brachytherapy, the radioactive sources are implanted inside and throughout the tumor volume; in intracavitary brachytherapy the sources are placed in the body cavities very close to the tumor; while in skin therapy the sources are placed on the skin surface. Conventionally, brachytherapy implants have delivered the radiation at a low dose rate (dose rates of <1 Gy/h). Low dose-rate (LDR) interstitial implants can be temporary (meaning that the radioactive sources are left in place for a period of time, usually a few days, and then removed) or permanent (left in place without removal), while intracavitary implants are temporary. The advent of methods to deliver the dose at a much higher dose rates, in the range of 1–5 Gy/min, brought an increase in the use of brachytherapy. All high dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatments are temporary and treatments are administered using discrete fractions.

Keywords:

brachytherapy;
high dose rate;
low dose rate;
interstitial;
intracavitary;
skin therapy


Introduction. Background of Bluetooth. Getting the Hands Wet. Bluetooth Stack and Profiles. Introduction to Blue tooth Low Energy. LE Architecture. Physical Layer. Link Layer. Generic Access Profile (GAP). Security Manager Protocol (SMP). Attribute Protocol (ATT) and Generic Attribute (GATT) Profile. BLE Profiles. Building a LE Time Server. Building a FindME Application. Practical Project 3. Bluetooth Testing and Listing. Bluetooth/WiFi coexistence. Glossary of Acronyms and Important Terms. References.


The relevance of this topic is determined by the need for the formation of students' leadership skillsand their personal social responsibility that will allow graduates to master the skills to work in a team, to bean effective manager of enterprise of any level. The article analyzes the prospects for the development ofleadership qualities of future managers using paradigm of the organization of this work at the Faculty ofManagement, Marketing and Logistics of Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies. Such indicatorsof the development of leadership abilities of future managers as intellectual-creative, organizational, sociallycommunicative and others were used. The analysis showed that students of the Faculty of Management,Marketing and Logistics have sufficiently developed personal qualities necessary for the current leadership.In this regard, indicators characterizing largely the development of leadership qualities, social responsibility,communicative and organizational abilities of students have been considered in the article.


Factors influencing the behaviour of alumina/aluminium interpenetrating phase composite during wire-cut electrical discharge machining (WEDM) are studied. Machining performance in terms of material removal rate (mm1.mm−1) and surface roughness (Ra) were compared under different machining conditions. Results show that the machining process affects the surface quality of the machined composite. Under the conditions of the present study, the cutting rate and surface roughness are inter-dependent and vary between 5 and 8 mm3.min−1 and 3 and ~4 μm, respectively. WEDM cutting gives rise to the formation of a heat-affected surface layer containing pores and a few cracks. The results are analyzed using the prevailing concepts of electro-discharge machining.


Literature is divined into several forms such as novel, drama, and poetry. Poetry is one of literary works. It is presented through the condense word, beautiful of shape, and shares sense and feeling. It also tells the author's experience. So, poetry is aimed at creating some pleasure through beautiful, elevated, imaginative and profound thought. Symbol is one of important elements in poetry. A symbol is anything, which signifies something.
 This study discusses about the symbol found in Edgar Allen Poe's Poem, The Raven. The main purpose of this study is to find the answer of the problem: How is symbolism reflected in Edgar Allen Poe "The Raven"?
 The result of analysis shows that the symbols in The Raven belong to natural category (such as, fiery eyes, prophet, desert land, Demon and shadow, etc). Conventional category such as tapping, bleak December, chambers, bust of pallas, etc. And private symbol such as forgotten lore, sir/madam, soul within me burning, days of yore, etc. The most obvious symbol is the raven itself which Poe has already established the basic symbolic framework and which is both structurally simple and detailed.


Enterprise's innovation capacity has become a motive force for development of social economy on both national and regional level.Small and medium-sized enterprise(SME),as an innovation subject,its independent innovation capability's promotion is the effective safeguards of the enterprise sustained development.This paper firstly analyses the composition and current situation of Wuxi SME independent innovation capacity,and then further discusses existing problems for innovation development and finally puts forward development strategy and path for enhancing Wuxi SME independent innovation capacity in order to upgrade such capability.


of the 4th century and especially the early years of the 5th, the military and civil administration was withdrawn. Unlike many smaller cities in the province, which were self-contained centres of civitates, in London there was no native gentry class living in villas clustered around the urban centre, so the city was more fully depopulated and, in consequence, its decline was more complete than elsewhere. Roman Britain can be viewed in two ways. In one interpretation, London is in every way Roman, and essentially exploitative, drawing in craftsmen from the Rhineland or from elsewhere in Britain (the Cotswolds in the case of sculpture). Local styles are not to be sought in the arts practised here. This view provides plenty of evidence for those who, like David Mattingly, take a 'hard view' of Britain's place in the Roman Empire. However, as Perring so brilliantly shows, another interpretation is possible. London was different from anywhere else in southern Britain. As a provincial capital which remained without chartered status for years, it was an exception in the Empire as a whole. In marked contrast with Verulamium, let alone Silchester, Chichester and Winchester in the south, or Dorchester and Cirencester in the west, it did not have flourishing local cultures descended from pre-Roman tribal polities. It remained an artificial creation, and by its very nature it could never be a true part of the (only partly realized) Roman ideal of a benign commonwealth of self-governing cities and communities. It only remains to record that this book's production is excellent in every way. With its list of excavated sites, full bibliography, excellent maps and indexes, the publication is a joy to read and to consult. Author and publisher deserve our profound thanks.