Changes in electroencephalography (EEG) amplitude modulations have recently been linked with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing tools available to perform such analysis (e.g., detrended fluctuation analysis), however, provide limited gains in discriminability power over traditional spectral based EEG analysis. In this paper, we explore the use of an innovative EEG amplitude modulation analysis technique based on spectro-temporal signal processing. More specifically, full-band EEG signals are first decomposed into the five well-known frequency bands and the envelopes are then extracted via a Hilbert transform. Each of the five envelopes are further decomposed into four so-called modulation bands, which were chosen to coincide with the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Experiments on a resting-awake EEG dataset collected from 76 participants (27 healthy controls, 27 diagnosed with mild-AD, and 22 with moderate-AD) showed significant differences in amplitude modulations between the three groups. Most notably, i) delta modulation of the beta frequency band disappeared with an increase in disease severity (from mild to moderate AD), ii) delta modulation of the theta band appeared with an increase in severity, and iii) delta modulation of the beta frequency band showed to be a reliable discriminant feature between healthy controls and mild-AD patients. Taken together, it is hoped that the developed tool can be used to assist clinicians not only with early detection of Alzheimer's disease, but also to monitor its progression. Citation: Fraga FJ, Falk TH, Kanda PAM, Anghinah R (2013) Characterizing Alzheimer's Disease Severity via Resting-Awake EEG Amplitude Modulation Analysis. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72240. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072240 Editor: Eshel Ben-Jacob, Tel Aviv University, Israel Received May 6, 2013; Accepted July 8, 2013; Published August 27, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Fraga et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo (FAPESP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


the patient was asymptomatic. At 1 year after discontinuation of chemotherapy, her breast cancer was in remission, and the Paget disease had not recurred. After 2 years of breast cancer remission, the vulvar pruritus had reappeared, and a biopsy confirmed the recurrence of intraepithelial Paget disease of the vulva. We report a case of Paget disease of the vulva that had clinically disappeared with chemotherapy for breast cancer. This therapeutic effect was neither sought nor expected. Local treatment for the disease for 5 years had no effect on the clinical aspect. Hormone therapy did not play a role because it was prescribed after clinical regression of the disease. In the absence of new biopsies, the disease cannot be ruled out, but lesions were not clinically detectable and the few small erosions noted during clinical examination were not considered as evidence of the disease. The disease recurred in the vulva 2 years after the completion of chemotherapy, occurred gradually, remained limited and was confirmed by histology. Treatment for Paget disease of the vulva remains unsatisfactory. The standard treatment, surgery, can be disfiguring (wide excision) and does not prevent recurrence. Mortality from this cancer is low (2–4%) and can justify conservative treatment. Imiquimod has been reported to be effective, but has poor local tolerance. In our case, imiquimod provided some symptomatic relief but no clinical regression. FEC and docetaxel chemotherapy clinically eliminated the disease for 2 years, which was followed by a partial and progressive relapse. A few cases of invasive and metastatic Paget disease of the vulva have been successfully treated with docetaxel and have remained in remission with maintenance treatment of 25 mg m 2 per month, and some cases have been treated with epirubicin and fluorouracil. The recent case series of seven patients reported partial response in four of four evaluable patients, with tolerable toxicities. The benefit/risk balance of prescribing chemotherapy in some invasive cases remains to be evaluated.


Researchers consider nomadic and sedentary cultures as evolutionary stages. The nomadic phase precedes a settled one as an inferior stage of civilization. The evolutionary view does not explain the combination of nomadic and settled cultures in the Golden Horde and the preservation of many features of nomadism in the future, up to the present day. A number of experts, in particular, Thomas Barfield believes that nomadic societies exist by levying tribute from the settled state, which raises doubts. The Eurasian nomadic civilization is associated with the organization of vital activity in the conditions of steppe climate zone requiring constant migrations aimed at producing a sufficient amount of livestock. Robbery and receiving tribute from other societies is not its main characteristic. More important for it is a specific arrangement of humans, animals, and vehicles allowing the movement of large numbers of people over long distances. The nomads were not so strongly tied to the land as sedentary people. The structure of society was not built according to a vertical hierarchy but on the clan system. The nomads provoked the Great Migration and created a number of nomadic empires as well as the Golden Horde, the top of nomadic civilization. The ability to integrate different peoples in the uniform State was associated with openness and toleration of nomadic culture. The nomads took advantage of warfare methods through mobility, effective combinations of weapons, horses, vehicles, and skills training of combat operations. Their army was not hired or regular but represented the people-army. The ability to effective warfare contributed to the nomadic expansion and exploration of the Eurasian space. The nomadic culture of the Golden Horde had its own characteristics associated with the conjunction of nomadic and settled population in the uniform State. Nomadism does not disappear as a culture and mentality over time. Large spaces and lack of federalization stimulate a return to the clan relations even today. Globalization, with its transparent boundaries, reproduces many of the elements of nomadism: mobility, openness, tolerance, non-hierarchical administrative system.


de K 2 O. Palavras-chave - Plantas-nutricao. Plantas-efeito do potassio. Plantas-efeito do nitrogenio. Biomassa vegetal. Abstract - The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of nitrogen and potassium applied trough water irrigation on physiological characteristcs of banana cv Prata Ana in the coastal tablelands of Sergipe State. The experiment was carried out in the Sergipe Federal University Experiment Station, as 4x4 factorial, in randomized blocks with four repplications. Doses of nitrogen as ureia were (0; 250; 500 e 750 kg ha -1 ) and doses of potassium as potassium chloride were (0; 290; 580


The use in animal nutrition of protein-rich products derived largely from bacteria of theMethylococcaeaehas been examined on two previous occasions jointly by SCAN and the SCF. The first opinion, published in September 1985, considered the use of a product "Pruteen" produced by growth of a Methylophilussp. in methanol. This was followed in 1993 by a request for registration of a second protein-rich product "BioProtein" which consisted of the heat-killed cells of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), Alcaligenes acidovoransand two species of Bacillus (B. brevis and B. firmus) grown using natural gas as carbon source. SCAN and SCF considered this in 1994 and, after supplementary data requested by the two committees had been received, an opinion was expressed on 28 th April 1995. BioProtein, in modified form, is also the subject of the current opinion.


In this paper, you will learn how to optimize the design of a resonant DC/DC converter using two inductors, LL, and a capacitor, C, known as an LLC converter. Our discussion will include a general background to make the topology easier to understand, a detailed transformer model and characterization procedure, and solutions to several common performance limitations. These solutions are rooted in pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control enhancements to optimize performance during startup, short circuit, synchronous rectification and light load.


When heated in solution at about 160°C, pyridine quaternary salts of bromomalonamides lose 1 mole of cyanic or isocyanic acid almost quantitatively in a manner quite analogous to the decarboxylation of an acid. By DTA and DSC, the crystalline salts are stable up to their melting points (>220°C) at which temperatures concurrent fusion and decyanation processes occur (endotherm); these are immediately followed by an exotherm related to the trimerization of cyanic acid. TGA measurements on the solid salts do not clearly define the loss of 1 mole of cyanic acid because in the solid state, thermal decyanation is accompanied to some extent by other pyrolytic reactions. Preparative methods for quaternizing poly(4-vinylpyridine) with bromomalonamide are described and two polymeric quaternary salts (33 and 100% substituted) were prepared and analyzed. These polyelectrolytes are water soluble and upon the addition of base the yellow polymeric nitrogen ylids are generated. Infrared spectra on the polymeric quaternary salts and visible spectra on the polymeric ylids are included. The ylid chromophore has an e = 1800 at λmax = 415 nm. The dilute solution viscosity behavior of these polymers in H2O and in 0.05N KBr is typical of polyelectrolytes. Both polymers in dilute solution show a maximum in ηsp versus pH plots. In water, the viscosity of these polymers decreases with time, and it is proven that this results from a conformational change which accompanies amide hydrolysis rather than polymer backbone degradation. Glass transitions are not detectable by DTA but both polymers show well-defined trimerization exotherms for cyanic acid starting at 170–175°C. Thus, decyanation of the solid polymeric quaternary salts is more analogous to decyanation of the crystalline quaternarys in solution than as solids. TGA measurements on the polymers show weight losses which are of the correct order of magnitude and in the correct temperature range for monodecyanation. Some data are presented which suggest that perhaps a second mole of cyanic acid is lost at about 250°C. Quaternization of poly(4-vinylpyridine) with bromomalonamide reduces its gross decomposition temperature from 385°C to about 285–317°C. It is demonstrated how thermal decyanation can be used for the in situ generation of cyanic acid for the modification of organic compounds. The preparation of a partial urethane of poly(vinyl alcohol) using this method is described. We have also shown that aliphatic quaternary salts can be prepared and that they too undergo the decyanation reaction.


The collective forest rights transaction system is an important approach to achieve the economic benefit of forestry scale operation and also the basic goal of deepening the reform of collective forest rights system.However,subject to the restriction of land security function,the collective forestland transaction is facing problems such as the high cost of circulation,low-circulation willingness,complexity of the transfer process and so on.This is the result of the predicament of the system.The contract and management rights of collective forest land are subject to undue restrictions,the usufruct of forest land contract and management rights can't be fully achieved due to not getting the comprehensive safeguards of the law.Under the China's current economic and social conditions,China should put the woodland's social security function on forest land ownership,meanwhile make laws to protect the full realization of dispositions and income rights of collective forest land use rights,which lead to efficient transaction of the collective forest rights and provide sustainable development of mechanisms for collective forestry.


Abstract. Forced choice (FC) personality questionnaires attempt to constrain job applicants from presenting idealized responses (or "faking"). FC questionnaires are designed by identifying items eq...


Fault diagnosis and its extension to failure prognosis aim to develop methods that will decrease the unanticipated outages and thus employ techniques to increase reliability. Among these are redundancies and change of topology, power levels and control algorithms. We show that since diagnosis methods are imperfect, false positive and false negatives as well as delayed fault diagnosis are possible and they will lead to decreased life. On the other hand, failure prognosis, especially in slowly evolving faults will lead to more accurate estimates, in-time remediation, and increased reliability. We give an example of an intermittent open circuit in one of the phases of an AC permanent magnet motor to illustrate the concept.


With recent deregulation in electricity industry, price forecasting has become the basis for this competitive market. The precision of this forecasting is essential in bidding strategies. So far, the artificial neural networks which can find an accurate relation between the historical data and the price have been used for this purpose. One major problem is that, they usually need a large number of training data and neurons either for complex function approximation and data fitting or classification and pattern recognition. As a result, the network topology has a significant impact on the network computational time and ability to learn and also to generate unseen data from training data. To overcome these problems, a new structure using generalized neurons (GN) is adapted in this paper. The proposed structure needs a smaller data set for training. So this property of GN can be very useful for price forecasting. The data such as historical prices are not available enough for most markets. The significance, viability and efficiency of the proposed approach, in electricity price forecasting, are shown using Ontario market data points and various GN models are compared.


The frequency hopping technique described elsewhere requires the use of a local oscillator whose output frequency may be rapidly and accurately changed by a fixed frequency increment. Such a device, capable of producing 16 different frequencies separated by 50 kHz over the range of 35.02 to 35.77 MHz, has been built for the Urbana MST (mesosphere stratosphere troposphere) radar facility. The design and construction of that device is described and illustrated.


Without the presence of organic solvent,a series of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) emulsions modified withAEAPS and ATPS were prepared by using extended and synthesized methods, based on 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI),polyether (N210) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA). The properties of the WPU films on water absorption, mechanicalproperties, surface hydrophobic properties and microphase conformation etc. were investigated.


Abstract : The capability of iron pipe corrosion products in active drinking water systems to concentrate metal ions, such as Pb, Sr and V from treated drinking water and mechanisms that can cause consumer exposures and releases back into the environment will be presented. We propose that sorption is the main mechanism concentrating metal ions on the surfaces of iron corrosion products. Typically metal concentrations in the corrosion products are an order(s) of magnitude greater than in the water entering the distribution system. Several mechanisms, including hydraulic disturbances, chemical disassociations, road work, or earthquakes, can result in acute exposures of consumers or concentrated releases of toxic metals back into the environment.


The induced Casimir energy for a subsystem consisting of two heavy particles substituted at a finite distance in a linear chain of interacting oscillators is obtained. The heavy particles are linearly interacting with the nearest neighbor particles. A continuum modeling for the discrete case is considered and the corresponding Casimir energy is calculated. The result obtained from the continuum modeling agrees with the discrete model qualitatively.


Human capital and skilled labour are likely to become increasingly important determinants of industrial localisation. This paper calculates the factor content—the services of skilled labour, classified by level of education, embodied in trade in manufactures—for a sample of OECD countries in 1970-85. USA and Japan show a strong 'revealed comparative advantage' in human capital intensive production. In general, OECD countries where highly educated labour is abundant tend to specialise in and export skill intensive goods. Changes in the ranking with respect to specialisation in skill intensive goods, in particular the strong improvement of Japans' position, seem to be linked to different rates of accumulation of human capital.


Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have become a vibrant and dynamic sector of the world economy. Information technology plays a vital role in improving the productivity and competitiveness of SMEs. The dynamic business environment has brought fierce competition among SMEs and, therefore, requires the owners to interact with internal and external members actively. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of technology, organization, and environment as important factors in the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. It also examines the mediating role of social media adoption. Items were developed to measure the various purposes of social media use in organizations, which contribute to increasing the measurement of social media usage. For the empirical investigation, this paper used a closed-ended questionnaire. Using a quantitative method, we observed 423 responses through structural equation modeling. The findings of the study indicate that technology, organization, and the environment play effective roles for SME performance. More importantly, social media adoption positively mediates the relationship between technology, organization, environment, and SME performance. The study also helps organizations realize the advantages of using social media and specifies the rationale behind an organization's investment in social media.


The Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) is integral part of the CMS experiment, especially, for heavy ion studies. The design of the ZDC includes two independent calorimeter sections: an electromagnetic section and a hadronic section. Sampling calorimeters using tungsten and quartz fibers have been chosen for the energy measurements. An overview of the ZDC is presented along with a current status of calorimeter's preparation for Day 1 of LHC. Presented at CALOR 06: 12th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics Status of Zero Degree Calorimeter for CMS Experiment O. A. Grachov, M. J. Murray Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA A. S. Ayan, P. Debbins, E. Norbeck, Y. Onel Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA


Biography as a genre of historiography had been dismissed for some years, criticized for being conservative, resistant to theoretical approaches, and hostile to methodological innovations. But the predominance of a historiography devoted to structures, functions, and statistics has, however, led to a renewed interest in the human factor in history. This paper argues that the pluralism of methods and theories which has emerged thereafter reopened the case for an innovative biography, thus facilitating the convergence of general history and the history of science.


Germania Superior and Germania Inferior (Upper and Lower Germany) were Roman provinces, founded under Domitian (81–96 ce) and abandoned due to the Germanic raids in the fifth century.

Keywords:

development;
nations and peoples;
Roman history;
tribes and clans


Compiler verification is very important in software development of automotive.Based on investigation of specific safety requirements and general verification methods for compiler,this paper discusses a Test-based Strategy for Compiler safety verification and its implementation.


Continuously shifting the optical frequency by acousto-optic modulators may substantially improve the stability of a periodically amplified soliton transmission system with filtering. This method, which is analogous to the sliding filter technique, may also be applied to fibre loop soliton generation and storage.


native mechanism to the Agreement on Internal Trade (A7)' to further the project of the Canadian Economic Union. However, constitutional litigation is not without its problems. I will compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of constitutional litigation and the A/T process. Finally, I will suggest how constitutional litigation can strengthen the A!T, rather than simply serving as an alternative to it. The suggestion that the Constitution as it currently stands can help to strengthen the Economic Union will be surprising to many, if not most of you, because the whole impetus to strengthen the Economic Union, whether through constitutional or non-constitutional means, assumes the inadequacy of the existing Constitution to pursue that goal. The standard story of the Constitution and the Economic Union is a story of constitutional failure. This failure can be traced to three sources. The first is the text of Constitution Act, 1867, which reflects a 19' century understanding of barriers to interprovincial economic mobility. Section 121 appears to only prohibit the imposition of tariffs on goods moving between provinces .2 However, the provision says nothing about non-tariff barriers, although some judges have said that it could be interpreted to prohibit


Portunnus pelagicus and Penaeus marguiensis are export commodity which have important value because have a delicious falvour and high nutritious. This study examined the catch of small Portunnus pelagicus and Penaeus marguiensis in different habitats, analyzed the carapace width-weight Portunnus pelagicus relationship and carapace length-weight Penaeus marguiensis and review the L MATm. The method using capture experiment method in a crib of sero for 16 trips in the estuary, mangroves, and seagrass habitats. The analysis using analysis of varians (ANOVA), Tukey MeanDifferent Test, biometric analysis, and Proportion analysis of the catch. The result found that there was nothing Portunnus pelagicus escape from experimental crib net (4 cm) and inversely proportional to the white Penaeus marguiensis. The range size of Portunnus pelagicus caughted from 6,0 to 15,2 cm and white Portunnus pelagicus from 5,0 to 16,7 cm. The growth of Portunnus pelagicus and white Penaeus marguiensis are allometrik negative. Portunnus pelagicus carapace width and weight in their respective habitats significantly different (P<0,05). The proportion of allowable catch of white Penaeus marguiensis catch in each habitat is less than 50%, whereas the Portunnus pelagicus in seagrass habitat is 77,97%.  Key words : Portunnus pelagicus, Penaeus marguiensis, lengt at first maturity, allometrik negatif


Rigid pavements experiences different types of distress such as longitudinal, transverse, fatigue and joint cracks due to moving traffic loading and thermal stresses.
The knowledge of response of rigid pavement structures under traffic loads and thermal gradients is essential for the design of new pavements and suggest remedial measures
for existing pavements. Finite Element (FE) modeling is a powerful tool that can be used to study the effect of traffic load thermal variation along the depth of slab, slab geometry, joints and properties of underlying layers on the stress induced in the rigid pavement. In recent past, numerous FE software has been developed for the analysis of both rigid and flexible pavements, and these packages has become very powerful tools in the hands of pavement analysts and designer. This paper present the study carried on rigid pavement using pavement finite element analysis packages called EverFE. The factor such as strength of concrete, properties of base layers, temperature and loading


Refinding information found on the web is a considerable problem for many users, especially when in mobile situations. In this paper, we explore how a voice-controlled service, accessible by telephone, could help to support mobile users' needs for refinding specific information previously found on the web. We outline challenges in creating such a service and describe architectural and user interfaces issues involved in an exploratory prototype system called WebContext.We also present the results of a study - motivated by our experience with WebContext - to explore what people remember about information that they are trying to refind and how they express information refinding requests in a collaborative conversation. The results and observations from our study: 1) add support and extend prior research on the importance of waypoints in the refinding process, 2) provide evidence that refinding may be accomplished using an iterative, two-stage model in which users first search for the information source, and then browse for the particular information being sought, revealing details of their information need as they make progress, and 3) give insights into the use of annotations added to web pages by the user to help in a collaborative refinding process. We also note the importance of context and artifacts in the refinding process and comment on the possible implications of our findings for the design of tools and interfaces for information refinding with a special emphasis on implications for voice interfaces for mobile refinding.


Extensions of the Johansson minimal logic J are investigated. It is proved that the weak interpolation property WIP is decidable over J. Well-composed logics with the Graig interpolation property CIP, restricted interpolation property IPR and projective Beth property PBP are fully described. It is proved that there are only finitely many well-composed logics with CIP, IPR or PBP; for any well-composed logic PBP is equivalent to IPR, and all the properties CIP, IPR and PBP are decidable on the class of well-composed logics..


This is a hard-hitting review article discussing the implications of Roland Allen's writings on the occasion of the publication of a collection of them.1 Although not written from the point of view of the social sciences, the article drives in a highly effective way at points which have repeatedly come up in Practical Anthropology,2 and puts the whole matter in an important theological perspective.


This study investigated the efficiency of the Nigerian capital market from 1986 to 2009 through the Random Walk Theory, the rate at which stock information is reflected in stock price and its impact on Nigeria's economic development. This was done because the capital market has been proven to be a hub and catalyst for economic development of a country. In order to accomplish the set out objectives of this study, three research hypotheses (H o1 - H o3 ) were formulated which were tested via a number of analytical techniques. These are the ADF unit root test, the ARMA Test, the VAR-based granger causality test, the Cointegration analysis and the Vector Error Correction Test. Based on the results gotten, H o1 was rejected, H o2 was accepted and H o3 was rejected. The results revealed that there is still room for improvement of the efficiency level of the Nigerian Capital Market. This was due to the fact that the speed of adjustment of stock price to stock information was not very high and the market was also found to be inefficient within the period under review. The result also showed that a significant relationship exists between capital market performance and economic development. The study ended by recommending that there should be an increased level of public enlightenment on the gains of capital market, an increased level of regulation that would check the vice of all forms of market manipulations and an increased level of operators in the market by relaxing stringent entry requirements of companies. These would increase the efficiency level of the Nigerian capital market enabling it to have an improved impact on the development of the Nigerian economy. Keywords: Efficiency, Random Walk Theory, ARMA Test, Vector error Correction


The increasing availability of multimodal data holds many promises for developments in millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-antenna systems by harnessing the potential for enhanced situational awareness. Specifically, inclusion of non-RF modalities to complement RF-only data in communications-related decisions like beam selection may speed up decision making in situations where an exhaustive search, spanning all candidate options, is required by the standard. However, to accelerate research in this topic, there is a need to collect real-world datasets in a principled manner. This article presents an experimentally obtained dataset, composed of 23 GB of data, which aids in beam selection in vehicle-to-everything mmWave bands, with the goal of facilitating machine learning (ML) in the wireless communication required for autonomous driving. Beyond this specific example, the article describes methodologies of creating such datasets that use time synchronized and heterogeneous types of LiDAR, GPS, and camera images, paired with the RF ground truth data of selected beams in the mmWave band. While we use beam selection as the primary demonstrator, we also discuss how multimodal datasets may be used in other ML-based PHY-layer optimization areas, such as beamforming and localization.


This paper explores the impact of emerging technology on cultural and social aspects of human cognition. Authors argue that internalized cultural values could influence technology appropriation and could explain differences in cognition and human behavior. Authors propose the question whether the advancement of technology has enabled learners learn faster and more effectively by having opportunities to connect ideas to other ideas and grounding them more richly (Siemens, 2006). The authors analyze learning with rich media (images, audio clips, video clips, and specific self-directed learning objects) and explore whether such multisensory learning engagement is deeper and is founded on learners' differing cultural approaches to learning considering real cases. Linguistic, social, geographical factors as well as deep cultural values and traditions are examined to make the argument that designing interactive, multicultural and multidimensional learning environments pose new challenges to educators, educational technologists and researchers.


In this paper the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was endorsed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2001. It was intended to supplant the maturing Data Encryption Standard (DES) and be valuable for a wide scope of utilizations with differing throughput, zone, control dissemination and vitality utilization necessities .Though they are very adaptable, FPGAs are regularly less effective than Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs); There have been numerous AES executions that attention on acquiring high throughput or low region use, however almost no examination done in the territory of low power or vitality productive based AES; actually, it is uncommon for assessments on power dispersal to be made by any means. This postulation introduces new effective equipment usage to those propelled encryption standard (AES) calculation. Two primary commitments are introduced in this thesis, the initial you quit offering on that one will be a secondary speed 128 odds AES encrypted, and the second person is another 32 odds AES configuration. In 1st commitment An 128 odds circle unrolled sub-pipelined AES encrypted is exhibited. In this encrypted a effective blending to those encryption methodology sub-steps will be executed following relocating them. Those second commitment displays An 32 odds AES plan. In this design, the S-BOX is actualized for inward pipelining Furthermore it is imparted the middle of those principle round and the enter development units. Also, the way development unit is actualized will fill in on the fly What's more previously, parallel with the fundamental round unit. These outlines bring attained higher FPGA (Throughput/Area) effectiveness analyzing to past AES outlines.


Aims. The purpose of the present paper is to provide methods of statistical analysis of the physical properties of galaxy pairs. We perform this study to apply it later to catalogs of isolated pairs of galaxies, especially two new catalogs we recently constructed that contain ≈1000 and ≈13 000 pairs, respectively. We are particularly interested by the dynamics of those pairs, including the determination of their masses.
Methods. We could not compute the dynamical parameters directly since the necessary data are incomplete. Indeed, we only have at our disposal one component of the intervelocity between the members, namely along the line of sight, and two components of their interdistance, i.e., the projection on the sky-plane. Moreover, we know only one point of each galaxy orbit. Hence we need statistical methods to find the probability distribution of 3D interdistances and 3D intervelocities from their projections; we designed those methods under the term deprojection.
Results. We proceed in two steps to determine and use the deprojection methods. First we derive the probability distributions expected for the various relevant projected quantities, namely intervelocity vz, interdistance rp, their ratio, and the product $r_p v_z^2$, which is involved in mass determination. In a second step, we propose various methods of deprojection of those parameters based on the previous analysis. We start from a histogram of the projected data and we apply inversion formulae to obtain the deprojected distributions; lastly, we test the methods by numerical simulations, which also allow us to determine the uncertainties involved.


The incidence rate of neruologic complications of open heart surgery was 1%~25%.The mechanism of neurologic injury was associated with the use of cardiopulmonary hypass.In response to brain ischemia,the excitotoxicity may induce the selective injury and delayed death of nerve cells.This paper discusses the potential neruoprotective methods and strategies,as well as the progress on cerebroplegic solution providing a better cerebral protection.


This paper describes the spatial and temporal relationships between Karoo-age (ca. 180 Ma) dolerite dykes and a regional-scale saucer-sill complex from the Secunda (coal mine) Complex in the northeastern parts of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Unlike parallel dyke swarms of regional extensional settings, mafic dykes commonly show curved geometries and highly variable orientations, short strike extents and complex cross-cutting and intersecting relationships. Importantly, the dyke networks originate from the upper contacts of the first-order dolerite sillsaucer structure and are not the feeders of the saucer complex. Cross-cutting relationships indicate the largely contemporaneous formation of dykes and the inner sill and inclined sheets of the underlying saucer. Systematic dykes form a distinct boxwork-type pattern of two high-angle, interconnected dyke sets. The formation and orientation of this dyke set is related to the stretch of roof strata above elongated magma lobes that facilitated the propagation of the inner sill. Other dykes form more irregular dyke patterns related to the multidirectional stretch of roof strata above the inner sill, similar to the "cracked lid" model described for large saucer complexes in Antarctica. Dyke patterns generally reflect the saucer emplacement process and the associated deformation of wall rocks rather than far-field regional stresses. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Coral reefs are facing a range of cumulative impacts and pressures and are amongst the first major ecosystems to be impacted by climate change. In order to understand and manage these systems we need much improved monitoring tools. The current best effort diver based systems in developed countries only monitor a few percent of the reefs within their area of control, while in many developing areas this figure is significantly lower. One solution is the development of cost-effective Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that are able to overcome the current limitations of using divers (depth, endurance, safety and costs) to increase our knowledge of reefs, especially remote and deep reefs. While some AUVs are approaching the level of performance that would be usable, there are a number of factors that limit their use. This paper describes the type of transformational change required to develop new tools, not just as an evolution of existing systems, but utilizing expertise from a range of domains to deliver a revolution in how shallow water complex systems are monitored. In conjunction with advances in the platforms available there needs to be co-investment in image processing pipelines to give end-to-end knowledge solutions that provide outcomes to scientists and managers. Finally, delivering transformational outcomes will require a new way of working and a change to how projects are funded, managed and delivered. Coral reefs are managed by developed and developing nations alike, with countries like the USA, Australia, England (via the British Indian Ocean Territory) and France (via New Caledonia) managing approximately 20% of the world's reefs via systems of marine parks and protected areas. It is incumbent on developed economies to develop and transfer to other reef custodians the tools required to help sustain coral reefs into the future.


By using character sums,kloosterman sums and some basic properties of the triangle sums,an asymptotic formula was achieved.And the difference of square free number and its inverse were proved.


The trials on field efficacy of cartap hydrochloride (Padan 4G) against rice stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker from 1990–92 at different locations on basmati rice in Punjab showed that the three applications of cartap hydrochloride @ 1.0 kg a.1/ha were highly effective compared to carbofuran 3G, phorate 10G(@ 0.75 kg a.i/ha each); chlorphyriphos 20 EC, monocrotophos 36 EC® 0.5 kg a.i/ha each) and ethofenprox 10 EC (@0.075 and 0.05 kg a.i/ha). When applied at 20 days interval starting from 30 days after transplanting, cartap hydrochloride @ 1.5 and 1.0 kg a.i/ha was also observed to be safe and selective to egg parasitoids, Telenomus dignoides Nixon with a maximum egg parasitism 62.3- 81.6 per cent compared to carbofuran (40–59%) and phorate (33–54%).


This report describes a patient who developed cyclosporin-induced thrombotic microangiopathy in a renal allograft. Cyclosporin-induced thrombotic microangiopathy is considered by many as a contraindication to subsequent therapy with cyclosporin. This case is notable for successful treatment with cyclosporin following resolution of thrombotic microangiopathy in a renal allograft.


In neutron measurements involving a point neutron source and a detector, if the detector output is the same when the source and the detector are interchanged, the measurement is reciprocal. The measurement is nonreciprocal if the detector output is not the same upon interchange. In neutron logging when a fast neutron source and a slow neutron detector are used, and there is an interface between the source and detector, the measurement is nonreciprocal. Experimental data are presented showing this effect in using a neutron thermal neutron tool inside a 10-cm diameter borehole through a 70-cm thick water zone bounded above and below by air. This nonreciprocal effect can be used to create an interface log by using similar detectors equally spaced above and below a neutron source, depth shifting one or both, and subtracting the two individual logs. Another result is that, in general in neutron logging, the apparent depth of an interface is dependent on whether the detector is above or below the source.


The long process of inheritance law reform in the Republic of Montenegro was rounded off by the end of year 2008, with the enactment of the new Law on Inheritance. The author presents basic principles of the newly reformed Montenegrin law of inheritance, and calls attention to the flawed drafting which has resulted in vagueness of the Law and its internal inconsistencies. The author especially criticizes those legal institutions that are prone to facilitate circumvention of the constitutional principle of gender equality and to deprive female heirs of their succession rights. First of all, the author disapproves of the rule under which the title is prevented from passing to the next intestate successor when the heir refuses to keep the inheritance. This means that disclaimer or denunciation of the inheritance bars the succession to the next intestate successor. Secondly, the author draws attention to the arguments against the inheritance waiver contract (the renunciation of inheritance rights contract, Erbverzichtsvertrag). After a methodical and thoroughgoing analysis, the author concludes that the inheritance law reform in Montenegro did not turn out well, as the new Law on Inheritance fell short of setting up a system of rules of inheritance appropriate to the needs of democratic society, market economy and the protection of private ownership.


Flow between two concentric cylinders, with either or both of them rotating, has potential advantages over the conventional process equipment. This flow, which is also termed Taylor−Couette flow and exhibits a variety of flow regimes, has been studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The onset of centrifugal instability, the various cell patterns, and the velocity profiles have been predicted and compared with the available experimental data. To extend the base of experimental information, new measurements have been made using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). For the entire range of experimental data, the Reynolds stress model (RSM) was determined to exhibit good predictive ability for the mean components of velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy. The wavelengths of the vortices in various regimes have also been determined using CFD and were observed to be in good conformity with all the available experimental results. Furthermore, very good agr...


The size of the world market for essential oils has been constantly growing in the last decade, with an increase of between 10% and 15% of production per year. Among the most used techniques to extract essential oils is distillation by water-steam drag, however to guarantee safety in terms of work accidents, and, in order to homogenize the quality of the extracted oil, there is evidence of the need for these processes to have an automatic temperature controller, which governs the process. Based on the previous problem, the objective of the present project is to develop an architecture for automatic regulation of temperature in processes of extraction of essential oils. As a result of the present project, a prototype temperature controller was implemented and its behavior was evaluated in a laboratory distiller. In the evaluation of the behavior of the temperature controller, a rise time (Tr) of approximately 15 min., settling time (Ts) greater than 40 min., and steady state error (Ess) less than 2 °C were obtained.


On the basis of analyzing the present status of coal mine monitoring systems both at home and abroad,the paper pointed out the bottleneck problems existing in domestic coal mine integrated automation.The paper put forward a novel integrated automation system based on industrial Ethernet,which integrates the information of environmental security and device conditions on a network control platform,this thus realizing the software configuration design of the whole mine integrated automation system.A large scale and open distributed control system was thus built up so as to improve traditional mine production manner.Explosion-proof ring switch and integrated access gateway were developed,which supports the redundancy of ring network and the access of various kinds of subsystems.The application results showed that the designed system can promote information sharing and ensure the real-time monitoring and management of safe production conditions and process in the whole mine.


Problematic social media use (PSMU) is one of the problems faced by adolescents. One of the social media that is often used by them is Instagram. There are many things that affect PSMU, including fear of missing out (FoMO) and attention-seeking behavior, but it is not yet known which one is more responsible for making individuals experience PSMU. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of FoMO and attention-seeking behavior on PSMU in adolescents who use Instagram. Participants in this study amounted to 167 adolescents aged 13-18 years old, with a non-probability web survey-based sampling method (self-selected polls). The results of this study are FoMO and attention-seeking behavior simultaneously have a positive role on PSMU in adolescent who are Instagram users by 32.4% and a significance value of .000 (p < .05) which was tested using analytical techniques: Multiple Linear Regression. Meanwhile, if tested individually, attention-seeking behavior has no role in PSMU. Suggestions for further researcher is to conduct research with the same variables on social media users or at different stages of development, to see if the same thing happens to other social media, or at other stages of development.


Nearly one-third of all traffic deaths result from vehicles running off the road. Rumble strips are an effective way to keep drivers on the pavement by alerting them with sound and vibrations. The state of Delaware saw head-on collisions drop 90% after installing centerline rumble strips on part of Route 301. Sonic Nap Alert Pattern (SNAP) shoulder strips cut road run-offs on the NJ Turnpike by 70%. California also is having success with shoulder strips. A new technical advisory from FHWA, the December 2001 Roadway Shoulder Rumble Strips, is an effort to encourage their use by states. It has extensive documentation and can be found at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/programs/rumble.htm.


Throughout their life span, surfacing materials are expected to contribute to the provision of an adequate level of skidding resistance and texture depth. It is assumed that for a newly laid asphalt surface, the level of skidding resistance and texture depth available, at a given time, is governed by the rate of coarser aggregate exposure at the tyre/asphalt interface. Aggregate exposure occurs as traffic removes the bitumen from the aggregate. The rate at which aggregate becomes exposed will vary depending on the type of aggregate and bitumen, the asphalt type, stressing conditions, and environmental factors. Stone Mastic Asphalt and Hot Rolled Asphalt test specimens were prepared using a Cooper roller compactor and subjected to simulated trafficking using the Road Test Machine. Testing was stopped periodically with skid resistance and texture depth assessed using a pendulum tester and volumetric sand patch method respectively. The test specimens were photographed at each assessment interval. The rate of aggregate exposure was measured using ImagePro Software. The results indicate that the early life development of skid resistance and texture depth is more complicated than simply the exposure of coarser sized aggregate particles in the mix.


The aim of this paper is to study the dynamics of a permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) brushed motor while two crucial space-domain effects, namely, slotting effect and commutation phenomenon are taken into account. Semi-analytical dynamic time-domain PMDC brushed motor model inclusive of these space-domain effects is used to analyze and investigate the dynamics. Pulse width modulation operated discontinuous current PMDC brushed motor drive with steady duty cycle is employed to acquire the bifurcation patterns. The chaotic nature due to slotting effect and commutation is identified from the bifurcation patterns and reported. It also has to be admired that such nonlinear dynamical behavior with the same set of parameters at similar operating condition has not been observed when a conventional PMDC brushed motor dynamic model is considered. These space-domain effects, namely, slotting effect and commutation also have a prominent impact to make some time-domain states of a PMDC brushed motor drive chaotic. The role of slotting effect and commutation phenomenon to analyze the chaos over time-domain state variables of the PMDC brushed motor drive is investigated and validated experimentally in this paper.


Objectives To determine the impact of restrictions on mobility on reducing transmission of COVID-19. Design Daily incidence rates lagged by 14 days were regressed on mobility changes using LOESS regression and logit regression between the day of the 100th case in each country to August 31, 2020. Setting 34 OECD countries plus Singapore and Taiwan. Participants Google mobility data were obtained from people who turned on mobile device-based global positioning system (GPS) and agreed to share their anonymized position information with Google. Interventions We examined the association of COVID-19 incidence rates with mobility changes, defined as changes in categories of domestic location, against a pre-pandemic baseline, using country-specific daily incidence data on newly confirmed COVID-19 cases and mobility data. Results In two thirds of examined countries, reductions of up to 40% in commuting mobility (to workplaces, transit stations, retailers, and recreation) were associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence, more so early in the pandemic. However, these decreases plateaued as mobility remained low or decreased further. We found smaller or negligible associations between mobility restriction and incidence rates in the late phase in most countries. Conclusion Mild to moderate degrees of mobility restriction in most countries were associated with reduced incidence rates of COVID-19 that appear to attenuate over time, while some countries exhibited no effect of such restrictions. More detailed research is needed to precisely understand the benefits and limitations of mobility restrictions as part of the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic.


This research uses a large set of price promotion field data to better understand the application of price discount strategies by Swiss grocery retailers. Taking the prevalence of these strategies in the Swiss grocery retail market as a basis, we use an online experiment that builds on recent developments in technology usage by consumers and investigate the impact of price comparison on store price image. The results show that Swiss grocery retailers have increased their number of discounts offered over the observation period of two years. In addition, store price image significantly improved with the number of discounted products offered. On the other hand, discount depth had no influence on store price image. These effects, however, are dependent on consumers' price consciousness and their (non-) usage of a price comparison tool. Lastly, theoretical and practical implications are being provided.


This is the second part of a series devoting to the study of the prescribing scalar curvature problem on the standard sphere of any dimension. By studying topological degrees for certain abstract maps, we will give explicit analytic conditions on the scalar curvature function which verify the topological degree conditions given in the first part of the series to ensure the solvability of the problem. General existence results for the prescribing scalar curvature equation will be given on both H -symmetric and sub-H -symmetric solutions corresponding to H -symmetric scalar curvature functions, as well as on non-symmetric solutions corresponding to symmetric-like scalar curvature functions. Special axisymmetric and axisymmetric-like cases will be also considered. Our analysis will be based on a general approach of dimension reductions and degree calculations by taking advantage of symmetries and symmetric-like properties. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


In 21 years of the practice of the constitution of 1954,practical effect of the constitution wasn't ensured effectively from beginning to end and the Constitution of 1954 was set aside in most cases before being replaced by the Constitution of 1975.Restrictive factors in the practice of the Constitution of 1954 include not only limitations of the Constitution itself,but also the effects of objective condition and circumstance.The thesis analyses both sides of restrictive factors respectively.


Implementation of contemporary information technology provided banks with the possibility to communicate with clients through mobile banking. To improve this service quality, banks must monitor and analyse components that determine clients' intention to communicate with their bank through this channel. The goal of the paper is to identify key determinants of clients' intention to use mobile banking through empirical research conducted on a sample containing 196 clients. The paper analyses effects of the perceived usefulness and ease of use as the main components of the TAM model, by expanding the same with two more components: trust and credibility. By processing the data in SPSS software research obtained the results that all observed components, except trust, influence clients' intention to use mobile banking. The obtained results expand existing scientific knowledge in the contemporary banking communication research area and provide valuable knowledge for improving banking services quality.


To counter change of electric wave polarization in scattering space, it is discussed that an extra factor of triple channel capacity can be obtained in a scattering environment. There are six distinguishable electric magnetic states of polarization at a given point, rather that two as is usually assumed. According to the characteristics of HF radio transmission spreading in a scattering environment, the electric and magnetic polarizations are analysed that is not only horizontal or vertical in the receive point. A printed helix antenna is used to receive or transmit different polarization waves on highway with velocity of 40km per hour. After comparing horizontal polarization, vertical polarization with circular polarization in tone quality for transmitting, a relationship is given out between tone quality and transmitting distance. The experiment shows that the reliability of HF mobile communication can be improved through different polarizations are used to receive or transmit the same information, and then a novel model of multiple Polarization antenna system is presented.


In a market oriented economy, in order to improve the competence in the market and in order to gain a good social and economical benefit, it is necessary for railway transport enterprises to implement the emotional management work based on the theory of relationship marketing; to keep a good relationship with passengers and consignors; to establish a solid network of passenger freight marketing; and to bear in mind all the time a customer oriented concept. In additional, it is as well important to develop a good relationship with competitors, government bodies and enterprise staff. What needs to point out is that the "relationship" in relationship marketing must be an equal relationship based on a fair business and it is especially important to well handle the relationship between the enterprise's whole interests and the executive's personal interests.


This paper presents work carried out within a European Union project which led to the development of 3.7 V and 340 F pre-series electrochemical double-layer capacitor cell featuring an asymmetric configuration with positive and negative carbon electrodes of different weight and solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte. Such supercapacitor design with nonvolatile and safe electrolyte provides a successful response to the requirement for power assist application in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).


This paper deals with the assignment problem of cells to switches in a personal communication service network. Three types of costs in a PCS network are considered in detail: the cost of handoffs, the cost of cabling, and the cost of switching. The opt imum assignment problem is formulated as an integer programming problem. A heuristic algor i thm is proposed to obtain an assignment of cells in a PCS network. The proposed algorithm is compared with another interesting heuristic cell assignment algorithm. By numerical examination, it is shown that the proposed algorithm requires less computational time to obtain a better cell assignment in which the load of each switch is balanced. K e y words : Balanced assignment, PCS networks. 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n Of late, more and more personal communicatin service (PCS) networks have been established [2, 5, 8]. In a PCS network, a given geographical area is divided into cells. In each cell, there is an antenna which is used to communicate with subscribers over some preassigned radio frequencies. Groups of several ceils are connected to a switch through which the calls are then routed to the telephone networks. A group of cells which are connected to a common switch is called a switch district. It is an important problem to determine how to assign the cells to the switches in an optimum manner in the design of a PCS network. This paper studies the optimum assignment probelm. A similar model of PCS network in [7] is considerd. In [7], however, there are only two types of costs: the cost of handoffs between neighboring cells and the cost of cabling between cells and their associated switches. The handoff involves the location updates in the databases, the execution of a complicated protocol between the two switches when a subscriber "Permission to make digital or hard copies o f part or all o f this work for 3ersonal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not nade or distributed lbr profit or commercia l advantage and that copies bear his notice and the lull citation on the first page. Copyrights for components )t'this work owned by others than A C M must be honored. Abstracting with :redit is permitted. To cop5' otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to edistribt, te to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee." '" 1997ACM 0-89791-850-9 97 0002 3.50 moves from one switch district to another. For a subscriber moves within a switch district, it is assumed that the cost of handoffs is not incurred. In [7], an interesting enumeration-type heuristic algorithm is also provided to solve the assignment problem. It is known, however, that the implementation of the enumeration-type algorithm may require a lot of long CPU time for a large scale problem. Also since there is no consideration of cost of switching, the algorithm in [7] may obtain a cell assignment that leads to an imbalance of load among the switches. In a real PCS network, the unbalanced cell assignment should be avoided since it may cause the network failure. In this paper, three types of cost in a PCS network are considered: the cost of handoffs, the cost of cabling, and the cost of switching since the switches are also involved with the personal communication service. Another important meaning of the introduction of the cost of switching is to balance the load among switches in a PCS network. If the load of a switch reaches its switching capacity, the cost of switching will become extremely high since the switch may be out of order under the heavy load. The optimum solution to the assignment problem shall balance the load among switches so as to minimize the total cost of a PCS network. Furthermore, we have a more realistic form for the cost of cabling by considering the distance between the cells and their associated switches and the number of calls that a cell handles per time unit. The optimum assignment problem is formulated as an interger programming problem. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to obtain a load balancing assignment of cells in a PCS network. The proposed algorithm is compared with the heuristic cell assignment algorithm proposed in [7]. It is shown that the proposed algorithm requires less computational time to obtain a better cell assignment in which the load of each switch is balanced. 2. M o d e l a n d P r o b l e m F o r m u l a t i o n Consider a PCS network with n cells and m switches (m < < n). Assume that the location of


This thesis presents the results of a geological
examination of the Coso Hot Springs region, including a
discussion of the areal geology and a description of
the hot springs and mercury deposits in the area. The thesis is presented as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the California Institute of Technology. The field work on which the report is based covered parts of the academic year of 1938-39. A topographic map of the area was prepared by means of a plane-table survey. The geologic features were mapped with the use of a plane-table and a Brunton compass.


This study aimed to investigate whether the social connections between the members of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) decreases the probability of involuntary turnover of the CEO in the Brazilian context. We collected data from Formulário de Referência between 2012 and 2018 of the companies listed on the Brasil Bolsa Balcão [B]3 and developed a Social Connection Index (SCI). Logistic regression results indicate that the probability of involuntary turnover of the CEO decreases as the SCI increases, consistent with the previous studies. Results are significant even in the presence of corporate governance indicators and additional control variables. Results show that the social connections affect the monitoring ability of the Board with respect to the CEO turnover decision. It also shows that the aggregated analysis of the data through the proposed SIC better captures this effect in the Brazilian market.


In field experiments, conducted during 1998-2001, bioefficacy of a chloronicotinyl insecticide imidacloprid (Confidor 200 SL)and a neem based biopesticide Amrutguard (azadirachtin 300ppm) was evaluated forthe control of termites and shoot borer in sugarcane crop and compared with that of standard recommended insecticide chlorpyriphos 20EC. Amrutguard applied @3.75 L ha - 1 as spray over the seed setts in furrows and imidacloprid @187.5 ml ha - 1 applied as sett dip as also as spary over setts in furrows @ 250 ml ha - 1 protected the crop from termite and early shoot borerdamage as effectivelyaschlorpyriphos(Durmet20EC)@ 6.25 L ha - 1 . Imidacloprid applied @312.5 ml and 375 ml ha - 1 as spray over the cane setts in furrows proved significantly superiorto chlorpyriphos. These treatments registered a significantly reduced incidence of termites coupled with a marked increase in germination, number of tillers, millable canes and yield. The shoot borer incidence was invariably low in the experimental fields and did not vary significantly among the treatments. Sett treatment with imidacloprid and sett and soil treatment with Amrutguard could offer safer control of moderate termite infestation, while sett and soil treatment with higher doses of imidacloprid could be employed for severe termite infestations. As imidacloprid has shown high compatibility with fungicides emisan and mencozeb, the two treatments involving sett dip may be combined as to furtherreduce the cost of application in sugarcane crop.


The growing competition drives the mobile network operators (MNOs) to explore adding time flexibility to the traditional data plan, which consists of a monthly subscription fee, a data cap, and a per-unit fee for exceeding the data cap. The rollover data plan, which allows the unused data of the previous month to be used in the current month, provides the subscribers with the time flexibility. In this paper, we formulate two MNOs' market competition as a three-stage game, where the MNOs decide their data mechanisms (traditional or rollover) in Stage I and the pricing strategies in Stage II, and then users make their subscription decisions in Stage III. Different from the monopoly market where an MNO always prefers the rollover mechanism over the traditional plan in terms of profit, MNOs may adopt different data mechanisms at an equilibrium. Specifically, the high-QoS MNO would gradually abandon the rollover mechanism as its QoS advantage diminishes. Meanwhile, the low-QoS MNO would progressively upgrade to the rollover mechanism. The numerical results show that the market competition significantly limits MNOs' profits, but both MNOs obtain higher profits with the possible choice of the rollover data plan.


Two pigmented lesions (one on each cheek of an adolescent boy) have been examined histologically on two occasions at an interval of eighteen months. The lesions had appeared following exposure to strong sunlight. Epithelial thickening with increased pigmentation, perifollicular mucin, absence of sebaceous glands and increased elastic tissue were found. Some comments are offered to explain these changes. It appears that the lesions are of naevoid origin.


This paper presents an extension of the classical concepts of growth over time and of a weight–length relationship for a single year-class fishery that explicitly accounts for the stochastic variation known to exist in such a population. It also shows how the extended conceptualization enables one to look at alternative characterizations of a fish population that can be useful when deciding whether or not to allow fishing. Techniques for estimating the extended models efficiently are described, as are procedures for testing for differences in growth and weight–length parameters based on sex and subspecies. The potential use of these models to facilitate the quantification of population biomass is also presented. Data on North Carolina pink and brown shrimp (Penaeus duorarum and P. aztecus) are used to illustrate the concepts and models. Algorithms for effecting several of the proposed procedures are included.Key words: growth, weight, length, biomass, Penaeus duorarum, P. aztecus, von Bertalanffy curve


An analysis was conducted on the system components of the mainline toll stations and characteristics of the vehicle behavior in each component,based on the structural features of the expressway mainline toll stations.An improvement was made on the rules of the current cellular automation model and a traffic flow model of the cellular automation suitable for the system of the expressway mainline toll stations was established.In addition,a simulated analysis and comparison were carried out on the four possible factors that might trigger congestion in the expressway mainline toll stations,to find out a clear-cut mechanism for the congestion.In light of the triggers for congestion and the common dissipation strategies,three combined strategies of congestion dissipation control were proposed.A stimulated analysis and comparison were followed on the dissipation processes.The results show that combined strategy Ⅲ(speed limit for the mainline,traffic flow limit at the entrance and control of the charge channel) is more effective than the combined strategy Ⅰ(traffic flow limit at the entrance and control of the charge channel)and Ⅱ(speed limit for the mainline and control of the charge channel) regarding the length of the queue and dissipation effect.


One of the most innovative aspects of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the incorporation of economic principles and tools into water management and water policy. Amongst the various economic analyses stated or implied in the WFD, the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of mitigation measures needed to achieve the 'good ecological status' has been given a pivotal place. This is aimed at establishing the least costly combination of measures to be included in the so-called Programme of Measures (PoMs) of the river basin management plans. In this paper, first, we review and discuss the existing CEA methods related to WFD implementation. Second, we assess the progress made so far in the application of CEA and its limitations in two European countries: the United Kingdom and Spain. The overall aim is to assess the CEA approaches pursued, the achievements made, and the major challenges to-date in the design and implementation of WFD-related CEA studies to guiding water management and water-related policy decisions in these countries. Our results show that the two countries show different levels of experiences and progress in relation to undertaking WFD related-CEA. The key differences among the two countries relate not only to the nature of the main problems they face in their respective water environment, but also to the approaches in the estimation of costs and effectiveness and the up-to-date progresses in the implementation of the WFD. Major similarities among the two are: i) their primary focus on pressures (rather than on impact) when measuring effectiveness and ii) the importance of the agricultural sector in affecting and being affected by the WFD.


It has been reported that native MgO particles in Mg alloy melts can act as heterogeneous nucleation substrates such that grain refinement of Mg alloys is achieved. A recent study showed the addition of Ca, combined with the native MgO particles, significantly improves grain refinement of Mg and its alloys. However, the mechanism underlying the grain refining phenomenon is not well understood due to the lack of direct experimental evidence. In this work, we investigated the segregation of Ca atoms at the Mg/MgO interface and its effect on grain refinement in Mg-0.5Ca alloys by utilizing advanced analytical electron microscopy. The experimental results focus on the chemical and structural information at the interface between MgO and the Ca solute. Adsorption layers rich in Al, N and Ca have been detected on {1 1 1} facets of MgO particles, with the lattice structure resembling the structure of MgO. It is suggested that the significant grain refinement improvement can be attributed not only to the growth restriction due to the presence of Ca addition but also to the specific chemistry and structure of the adsorption layers.


The Hall effect of Ag‐doped (p‐type) and In‐doped (n‐type) CdCr2Se4 has been studied in the ferromagnetic temperature range (TC = 130°K). The Hall voltage UH of p‐type CdCr2Se4 is proportional to the following expression: Uh ∝ R0H + R1M as has been verified for many other ferromagnetic materials. The normal Hall coefficient R0 has a maximum at 150°K and drops sharply when the material is cooled through the ordering temperature. The anomalous Hall coefficient R1 has the same sign as R0. It is approximately 40 times larger than R0 and decreases steadily with decreasing temperature. In the same temperature range the Seebeck coefficient Q drops sharply with temperature which is consistent with the drop of R0. Both these facts are indicative of the onset of impurity conduction at 150°K. In n‐type CdCr2Se4 the Hall voltage is again a strongly nonlinear function of magnetic field H at temperatures around TC. However its field dependence cannot be described by the above mentioned formula. In n‐type CdCr2Se4 R1 is...


Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is causally linked with gastric carcinogenesis. Virulent H. pylori strains deliver bacterial CagA into gastric epithelial cells. Induction of high motility and an elongated phenotype is considered to be CagA‐dependent process. Casein kinase 2 plays a critical role in carcinogenesis through signaling pathways related to the epithelial mesenchymal transition. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on the casein kinase 2‐mediated migration and invasion in gastric epithelial cells.


A method for determining operating parameters, such as compression rate and / or the degree of protection for a multimedia data transmission channel characterized in that it comprises at least one stage during which several values are determined sensitivity for pairs of fixed flow rate values of the source, desired compression ratio, and a step which compares together the various values obtained for a fixed channel of the operating point, a step in which the value is selected optimum sensitivity, the sensitivity value is defined taking into account the desired source speed and compression ratio.


The core of this relatively brief book is a collection of eighteen chapters, the large majority six to eight pages long, in which twenty-one practising librarians discuss recent occasions on which ...


Acute leukemia is a heterogenous group of disorders, require multidiscplinary approach for diagnosis and prognostication. Immmunophenotyping has emerged as important tool in diagnosis of hematolymphoid malignancies. Since, Punjab is emerging as cancer capital of India, with leukemia cases on the rise. The diagnostic modalities like flow cytometry need to be popularized and more medical fraternity is required to be familiar with this technique. Therefore we hereby present study from the state of Punjab focussing on leukemia patterns diagnosed by flow cytometry.


Background: Nurses working in paediatric settings face a number of challenges. Nurses can be emotionally drained while they see their young patients suffer. Therefore, nurses need to be emotionally intelligent.
Objectives: The effect of nursing intervention on emotional intelligence (EI), self-esteem and empathy of baccalaureate nursing students undergoing clinical experience in paediatric units.
Materials and Methods: The present study adopted a quasi experimental repeated measures time series design in which 60 third year baccalaureate nursing students undergoing clinical experience in paediatric units were assigned to either the experimental or control groups. Pre testing of emotional intelligence, self-esteem and empathy was done using the EI (Pc-Sc) scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, respectively. The study intervention included a nursing intervention programme offered in 5 two-hour sessions for 5 days. Post-test was conducted on the 30th and 60th day.
Statistical Analysis: Two factor repeated measures ANOVA was used for comparison within the group and between the groups.
Results: In the experimental group, the mean and standard deviation of the different areas of EI and overall EI score, self-esteem and empathy at post test 2 were higher than the mean and standard deviation at pretest. There was a significant change in the EI, self-esteem and empathy scores in the follow ups in the experimental group, indicating that the nursing intervention was effective in enhancing the EI, self-esteem and empathy of baccalaureate nursing students.
Conclusion: Courses to train the emotional intelligence skills, self-esteem and empathy should be included in the nursing curriculum so as to improve nursing standards of both students and nurses in providing quality care to the patients.


A modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed with a spiral updating mechanism (Spiral-PSO) to optimize the balance between exploration and exploitation phases of the standard PSO. The Spiral-PSO approach reduces the possibility of the local optima trapping issue during the optimization process. The proposed algorithm has been tested with 23 standard benchmark functions to compare the Spiral-PSO with the standard PSO algorithm. We report the application of the Spiral-PSO for registration of multimodal remote sensing images and compared the registration results with that of the standard PSO. The proposed approach performs successful image registration and provide better optimization of objective functions as compared to conventional PSO.


Abstract Spawning of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in lakes occurs over areas of groundwater discharge. The rate and chemistry of groundwater discharge influence brook trout egg survival and reproductive success. While most studies have reported that groundwater discharge in brook trout redds is buffered relative to the surrounding lake water, we documented brook trout spawning over an area of acidic groundwater discharge (pH as low as 4.7) in a lake with circumneutral surface waters (pH > 6.1). A follow-up experiment that assessed in situ egg survival indicated 0% survival in redds with either low-pH groundwater or adequate groundwater pH but low groundwater discharge. More than 80% of eggs survived in a reference lake with well-buffered groundwater and adequate discharge rates. These results suggest that both low pH and low groundwater flow rates may contribute to brook trout egg mortality. Low-pH groundwater may be a factor to consider in brook trout restoration efforts, especially in lakes where w...


The present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a slide motion, wherein: said manufacturing method comprising the steps of: a foam; Second, the foaming mold was cooled with water, remove the foam board and dried naturally cooled to normal temperature; Third , wrapped with glass fiber cloth, which is then sprayed or coated with an epoxy resin; Fourth, cured and polished; five, then wrapped with glass fiber cloth, then coated with an epoxy resin or spray; six, covered with printed pattern plastic sheet, the plastic sheet corresponding to the peripheral vertical directly connected together; seven, press molding; eight, trimming and sanding. Advantage of the present invention is that the present manufacturing method, the peripheral movement of the slide plate corresponding to the upper and lower plastic sheet directly bonded together, the upper and lower plastic sheet is formed integrally, and the wrapped core together, so that the movement of the slider structure stronger, longer life , more smooth periphery, so water resistance to movement of the moving slider is reduced when sliding the slide plate, the slide plate so that the motion easier to manipulate.


Game theory is a mathematical theory of strategy that has been applied to the analysis of conflict and cooperation in such fields as economics, political science, and biology. In this seminar, we discuss more unusual applications—to the humanities, including history, literature, philosophy, the Bible, theology, and law—as well as some of the usual ones. No mathematical background beyond high school mathematics is assumed, but a willingness to learn and apply sophisticated reasoning to analyze the interactions of players in games is essential.


This paper primarily expounds the critical teaching theory, the concept of critical response teaching method and its actual application. For the first time, the practical application of the critical response teaching method is proposed in the bilingual teaching and a bilingual teaching model in combination with my own teaching experience is worked out.


The addition of value-generating productive alternatives that safeguard natural resources for local communities is a topic of growing interest. The cultivated area standardization, together with the occurrence of extreme climatic events and the need for a more efficient use of resources, has given rise to the reconsideration of the traditional production systems looking for profitable yet sustainable alternatives for the use of natural resources. The objective of this study is to perform an assessment of a productive diversification proposal for producers in the continental Pampa area, through the integration of forestry activity together with pasture and honey production. Wood, forage and honey productivity indicators are estimated through field measurements, bibliographic research and the input of knowledgeable locals. The costs and benefits associated with the production and sale of wood, forage and honey, and the State contributions are calculated according to the payments set forth in National Law 25080, and the property tax exemption and other benefits set forth in 1Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Pergamino, Agencia de Extensión Rural (AER) 9 de Julio. Mitre 857, (6500) 9 de Julio. Correo electrónico: email@example.com 2Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Pergamino, Agencia de Extensión Rural (AER) Vedia, (6030) Vedia. Correo electrónico: firstname.lastname@example.com 3Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA), Ruta 32, km 4,5 (2700) Pergamino. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Correo electrónico: email@example.com FERRERE, P.1; SIGNORELLI, A.2; CABRINI, S.M.3 Recibido13 de agosto de 2018 // Aceptado 22 de marzo de 2019 // Publicado online 17 de junio de 2020


Language transfer is a universal phenomenon in the second language acquisition.In the senior vocational English teaching,expounding the meaning of the language transfer and the positive and negative transfer of the linguistic elements in the process of the second language acquisition,aims to discuss the simulative function of language transfer,and explore a valid path to improve the English teaching in the senior vocational schools.


In texture analysis, the selection of window size has great influence on effectiveness of extracted feature and computing speed. This paper employs Gauss-markov random field (GMRF) model to describe textures, the least square error approach is employed to estimate field parameters, and it has been proved to be non-bias. Because there may be no solution by the estimation expression, a modification to it is presented. Based on the non-bias characteristic of parameter estimation, we present a window size selection approach for texture primitives, and experiment shows that our approach is very effective.


The California State Water Project is one of the largest water and power systems in the world and includes over 130 hydroelectric units. An overview of the planning and implementation of the control and communication systems replacement for the entire project is provided. New control system features are described, including a multi-agency control center, off-site backup control center, four area control systems, ten major pumping/generating plant control systems, and a 400 mile long fiber optical communication system. >


THE soils of Westland are, in general, a sad-looking lot 'at the present time. Over large areas of the lowlands their native robes of timber trees have been taken away or torn to shreds. Some small areas have acquired a new flimsy garment of pasture or foreign trees, but large areas of flat and undulating terrace lands are a ragged quilt of rushes, ferns, mosses and burnt tree sturnps. Hills previously in tall forests now have a mass of small trees, shrubs and ferns without timber value. If the soils could speak, they would complain that they had been treated like gold or coal (which to a soil is worse than dirt). Gold and coal are .I inert, diminishing resources of only temporary value to Westland. Soil, on the other hand, has living components that give it powers of recuperation so that it can be used over and over again. It need not be a diminishing asset. With assistance from man, soil can increase its natural productivity and maintain this at a certain level indefinitely. Hence, the soils are potentially a far more important asset to Westland than gold or coal. But this is not apparent either to the resident of Westland nor to the visitor. Along the highways or runways they see derelict farms and wonder if the soils are inherently poor or whether the timber trees took all the "good" out of the soil. On the other hand, the abundant growth of unpalatable plants would indicate a potential source of productivity in the soils.


The vertical momentum spectrum and the charge ratio of cosmic-ray muons have been investigated in the range 0.3–25 GeV/c at a geomagnetic latitude of λ = 9 °N at sea level. The investigations have been performed by means of a magnetic spectrograph using the spark chamber technique for track location. The measured spectrum in the low-energy region is about 20% smaller than the spectra at high geomagnetic latitudes. The integral intensity for particles which penetrate more than 15 cm of lead is 7.25 × 10−3 cm−2 s−1 sr−1. The theoretical spectrum after Olbert is in agreement with our results.


9072Background: ROS1 rearrangements define a distinct molecular subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer sensitivity to treatment with the ALK/ROS1/MET inhibitor crizotinib. Despite the initial activity of this agent, ROS1-positive cancers ultimately develop resistance to therapy. To evaluate mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib among ROS1-positive patients, we examined a series of repeat biopsies from ROS1-positive patients progressing on crizotinib. Methods: Medical records were reviewed and data extracted. Repeat biopsies were performed as part of routine clinical care or under institutional review board (IRB)-approved protocols. Specimens underwent Sanger-based sequencing of the ROS1 kinase domain or targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: We identified 10 ROS1-positive patients who underwent repeat biopsies following acquired resistance to crizotinib. One patient underwent resection of 2 separate central nervous system (CNS) metastases. The most common sites of tissue col...


Mathematical models, in which many input variables are involved, require a range of input and output data, since the number of parameters increases with the input variables. GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) has been used for the identification of a mathematical model that has many input variables but limited data needs by using a hierarchical structure. This paper proposes a neuro-fuzzy GMDH model, adopting Gaussian radial basis functions (GRBF) as partial descriptions of GMDH. GRBF is reinterpreted as both a simplified fuzzy reasoning model and as a three-layered neural network. As an example of applying the algorithm, the wheel wear equation is identified, using data from experiments of abrasive cut-off. In the model, characteristics of work materials, grinding fluids, factors of wheels, wheel velocity and table feed are used as input variables, and the grinding ratio is the resulting output. The validity of the model is confirmed within the predicted accuracy by using additional data.


Multiple-attribute based handoff schemes suffer from instability because of the dynamic nature of attributes and the distribution of handoff procedure over candidate networks, resulting in frequent handoffs that degrade the efficiency of resource management. To alleviate such instability, a service-history based scheme was proposed but it has several improper design decisions, e.g. it considers the history factors too optimistically and employs fixed weights that are likely to distort handoff decisions. This letter proposes to improve handoff performance by considering network state along with the service history. It takes into account the network utilization to avoid the optimistic dependency on the history and adaptively determines the weight to the service history in order to adjust its effect on the handoff decision. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme optimizes the number of handoff and the dropping probability when compared with existing schemes.


The public interest law is a legal system which reflects the "general will" and care universal rights.From this point,rights protection of comprehensive quality of new citizen legislation should be one of the "cells" of the composition of the "public law".Because improving comprehensive quality of new citizen as human being(The original name is migrant workers or drift second generation farmers),making them citizenization,not only new citizen insteading of migrant workers is really true,but also enhances the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.It is the embodiment of the equal protection of the rights of everyone dignity.It is the key to realize the universal happiness and taste of life of Chinese people——this is the official concerned with national literacy and therefore government should pay training fees for comprehensive quality of new citizen.


The present invention relates to an electrical pin contact element (1a to 1g) for a Hochsstrom- and / or high voltage connectors in the automotive engineering, with a free end (3) and with a from the free end (3) spaced-apart base (2) for securing the Male contact element (1a to 1g) in the connector. Furthermore, the invention relates to a plug element (100a to 100g) for a Hochsstrom- and / or high voltage connectors in the automotive art. Finally, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electrical pin contact element (1a to 1g) for a Hochsstrom- and / or high voltage connectors in the automotive technology, wherein a free end (3) and from the free end (3) spaced-apart base (2) of the pin contact element (1a to 1g) are formed. In order to ensure a possible simple, robust and cost-effective protection against contact, the invention provides that an electrically insulating Beruhrschutzkorper (4) an outer surface (10 ') of a Beruhrschutzabschnitts (9, 9') forming from said base (2) to the free end (3), that the plug element (100a to 100g) having at least an inventive pin contact element (1a to 1g) having or that the pin contact element (1a to 1g) of the base (2) to the free end (3) on the outside with an electrically insulating Beruhrschutzkorper (4) is provided.


Right ventricular (RV) pacing causes delayed activation of remote ventricular segments. We used the ultra‐high‐frequency ECG (UHF‐ECG) to describe ventricular depolarization when pacing different RV locations.


Two types of simple and inexpensive fiber optic sensors for detection ultraviolet A-band radiation have been developed and manufactured. The first sensor is a capillary made of quartz, which contains phosphor of organics, solvent and epoxyacrylate, as well as a fiber of multimode optical brought inside the capillary. The design of the second sensor is a multimode optical fiber coated on one edge with a photoactive compound. With a properly selected concentration of substances in the photoactive composition, it is possible to obtain the optical signal for the wavelength in range from 425 to 440 nm, which corresponds to the wavelength of the photoluminescence emission of selected phosphor. The prospects of using the developed structures as sensors for ultraviolet radiation of the A range are confirmed by the presence of photoluminescence at the output end upon excitation with a wavelength in the range of 365–390 nm and a linear dependence of the output amplitude of optical signal at optical power launched to the fiber input.


Cow manure (CM) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) are waste that can be managed properly by anaerobic co-digestion. This study examines the possibility of increasing biogas yield from anaerobic co-digestion of CM and EFB, based on C/N ratio. The digesters were carried out in a batch system and operated at room temperature for 80 days with an initial substrate concentration of 30 g/L based on volatile solids (VS). Codigestion of CM and EFB performed better in biogas potential than mono-digestion. The results showed that the optimal C/N ratio was 27.5. The biogas yield of 189.28 mL/gVS was higher than that of the digestion of CM or EFB alone by 12.15% and 81.76%, respectively. Co-digestion enabled to maintain a stable pH value to avoid a sharp decrease in pH value. The modified Gompertz model can be used to make a better prediction with a lower difference between the measured and predicted biogas yields.


Research results from spinning forming 6061 aluminium alloy tube with inner flange and outer flange in this paper. It can be show from the results that the tube of 3 m long can be spun by vertical powerful spinning press machine tool that length of travel for spinning roller is only 1.7 m. Microstructures changes help to improve mechanical properties of the tube by spinning forming.


This paper takes a step towards making practical cooperative protocols for wireless low-latency high-reliability communication. We consider the effect of finite block-length error correction codes and the main message is that the demands on the error-correcting code are different in different phases of a diversity-seeking cooperative protocol: In the first hop where messages must reach potential relays, the code only has to achieve a moderate probability of error. The final hop from relays to the destination is where the code must be ultrareliable. The results are illustrated in the context of a simple concatenated Hamming+Reed Solomon code.


An attempt is made to study the effect of glass fiber impregnation in self-compacting concrete; glass fiber which may aggregate together is added as reinforcing agent. Glass fiber was added in concrete 0.25, 0.5 and 1% by weight of cement. The fine aggregate is replaced with manufactured sand (M sand) in various percentages. Glass fiber added increased the compressive strength to considerable value and also it is found that the SCC properties are not affected in a significant way. Keywords: M-sand, glass fiber, SCC concrete Cite this Article: Sureshkumar E, Gobinath R, Jegadeesan S, et al. Experimental investigation of self-compacting concrete using glass fiber. Journal of Structural Engineering and Management . 2015; 2(1): 25-31p.


This study uses simulation methods to find an optimised restraint system by studying the equivalent of 2000 sled tests. It is shown, that with the proper combination of off-the-shelf restraint system components, an occupant safety system for a city car with an extremely short crash zone is feasible. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 894848.


Effects of Gentamicin on the vestibular sensory epithelia and the behavior were studied using bull frogs. Gentamicin (80 rig) was injected into the perilymphatic cistern for 3 days. The behavior was evaluated in terms of static posture, righting reflex, walking, jumping and swimming. Sensory epithelia of three semicircular canal cristae and the utricular macula were observed using scanning electron microscope. When the unilateral utricular macula was damaged and the other side was intact or less damaged, the frogs tilted toward the side with severer damage. The angle of head tilt tended to increase according to the degree of morphological asymmetry of the utricular macula. The angle of head tilt increased with the period after injection. When the bilateral utricular maculae were intact or equally damaged, no tilting was observed. These results indicate that the utricle perceives the gravity to maintain the static posture, and that the degree of utricular dysfunction is assessed by tilting posture.


We discuss how the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) can be adapted to numerical simulations of nonlinear and matter wave systems, such as Bose-Einstein condensates. We also present some examples which illustrate the benefits of using the PML in the simulation of nonlinear and matter waves.


The inflammation of aging hypothesis purports that aging is the accumulation of damage, which results, in part, from chronic activation of inflammation process. We tested this hypothesis in relationship to fractures in 2985 men and women enrolled in the Health ABC study. Results showed that subjects with the greatest number of inflammatory markers have the highest risk of fracture.


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We assess St. Paul's account of kenōsis in Philippians 2:5–8 from a neurophenomenological horizon. We argue that kenōsis is not primarily a unique event but belongs to a class of experiences that could be called kenotic and are, at least in principle, to some degree accessible to all human beings. These experiences can be well analyzed, making use of both a phenomenological approach and the cognitive neuroscience of altered states of consciousness. We argue that kenotic experiences are ecstatic, in that they involve—both phenomenologically and neurologically—one's "stepping out of" his/her self and history. This seemingly impossible task of stepping out has led to the understanding of kenōsis as a unique event. We conclude that kenotic experiences are continuous with common, everyday experiences of the self's intimate communion with everything that exists. This means that kenotic Christology does not necessarily have to rest solely on the scriptures but can also be arrived at by way of the worldly experiences of actual, living persons.


Existing digital technology is capable of storing and processing vast amounts of data as well as enabling user-friendly interaction between machines and people, but there is still a lot of room for improvement. Digital technology is based on electromagnetic storage and processing using billions of switches that can be set to one of two positions – on or off. This basic concept has been around since the development of the first electromagnetic computers prior to World War II and has enabled input, processing, output, storage, and telecommunications, and the development of numerous applications that support a wide range of human activities. AbstRAct