An analysis of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (Nebraska) Digital Commons data revealed that developing countries comprise over 33 percent of all downloads and 57 percent of international downloads. This presentation will summarize the use of the Nebraska Digital Commons by countries in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, and Sub-Saharan Africa, the three regions where the most developing country downloads occurred. This summary includes the types of resources being downloaded and the types of organizations where the downloads occurred. Discussion will focus on how further research can be conducted on whether such use of the Nebraska Digital Commons by users in developing regions is common among other institutional repositories. Furthermore, there will be discussion as to the implications of what types of resources are being accessed and what type of user is accessing them. Location KIPJ Room G


When the young French aristocrat Alexis de Tocqueville arrived in America in May 1831, he was not much impressed by what he found. He had traveled to America with the ostensible aim of writing a book about the country's prison system, but he also wanted to see for himself what a functioning democracy was really like. Tocqueville got off the boat in New York, and as so often with firsttime visitors, he felt overwhelmed and disorientated. There was too much going on. No one paused to reflect on what they were doing. No one was in charge. He soon wrote back to friends in France of his amazement at the instability of American life, "the absolute lack that one notices here of any spirit of continuity and durability."1 The Americans he met were friendly enough, but they struck him as careless and impatient. He was shocked by the ease with which they changed their homes, their jobs, their situations. He was also taken aback by the chaotic state of American politics, which seemed to reflect this restlessness. © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher.


As her family watches a movie in the living room, the teenage daughter prefers to stay in her bedroom but also wants to know which movie the others are watching. She turns on her personal Internet device and joins the film session already in progress. Although she does not particularly like the movie, she wants to know whether it has a happy ending, so she jumps to a later scene without bothering anyone. Several minutes later, a French-speaking friend of the family drops by. He is invited to listen to the French audio stream of the movie through the earphones of his streaming audiovideo-enabled PDA. Later, the mother asks to pause the movie using a remote control while she goes for food in the kitchen. The movie on the main TV screen, along with the French audio on the PDA, are now both paused. In this scenario, By Verena Kahmann, Jens Brandt, and Lars Wolf


Tang Dynasty is an important period in which China's commodity economy developed rapidly and commodity market gradually became active.Since the 1930s,the scholars at home and abroad began to focus on this field and made a series of valuable research achievement,meanwhile,some research directions need to be developed,for example,some research fields are outdated,regional market research is not balanced,and so on.


Living ring opening polymerization of e-caprolactone initiated from the numerous chain-end hydroxymethyl groups of the analogous dendrimeric and hyperbranched polyesters derived from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid is described. By controlling the size of the dendritic macromolecule and the molar ratio of e-caprolactone, a variety of highly branched radial block copolymers are obtained. Comparison of the results obtained for the dendrimeric and hyperbranched initiators demonstrates that the reactivity of the chain-end hydroxymethyl groups in the dendrimer are significantly greater than in the isomeric hyperbranched case. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2793–2798, 1998


Alcohol has become a major public health problem in the UK. In order to coordinate the work of both statutory and non-statutory agencies more efficiently and effectively, a government circular HN(89)4 has emphasized the need for development of local multi-agency alcohol misuse prevention strategies. Despite expressed enthusiasm for alcohol strategies, information about their development, effectiveness and overall national progress is scarce and needs to be improved. This national survey reports the most recent and accurate information about the development of district and regional alcohol strategies in England and Wales. Although only 51 (27%) districts stated they had a strategy, it was encouraging to find 90 (47%) other districts that were in the process of, or planning to develop such a document. Of the 51 districts with a strategy, the following key findings were noted: Forty-three (84%) districts stated that they had started to implement their strategy, but none claimed to have fully implemented it. Thirty-six (71%) districts stated that their strategy had an action plan. Thirty-four (67%) districts stated that their strategy had been officially endorsed by the district health authority. Thirty-eight (76%) districts stated that they had identified an individual or group to monitor the strategies' implementation. The results of the survey could be of interest to the Department of Health, the Faculty of Public Health Medicine, the Health Education Authority and the regional alcohol coordinators. The development of district and regional alcohol strategies has a role to play in achieving the alcohol targets in the recent Health of the Nation White Paper and is also a good example of the formation of healthy alliances to tackle a major public health problem.


From August 2015, for efficient medical care in congestive heart failure (CHF) cases, we had introduced a unique clinical pathway (PATH) provided the immediate use of Tolvaptan and comprehensive education by multi-disciplinary staff after admission. And by introduction of PATH, we confirmed the shortening effect of hospitalization period with CHF and the suppressive effect of readmission with CHF after discharge. But since almost CHF patients repeat hospitalization and discharge due to change of their medical condition, the investigation for only first readmission rate after discharge is not enough to assess the entire long clinical course of CHF. Recently we found one report about evaluation method for CHF clinical prognosis, how long CHF patients can stay healthy at their own home after discharge within a certain period. This evaluation method is considered to take into account the long clinical course of CHF.

 We investigated whether the CHF patients introduced PATH on admission could stay longer at their home than CHF patients without PATH.

 Between April 2014 and July 2019, 471 CHF cases, who ware admitted in our hospital at first and could be followed up for at least 1 month after discharge, ware enrolled. We divided them to two groups, PATH- group before introducing PATH (until July 2015, 142 cases), and PATH+ group applied PATH (after August 2015, 329 cases). Between both groups, we investigated the readmission rate (RR) with CHF and the total period (TP) that patients could spend at home within1, 3, 6 and 12month after discharge.

 There were no significant differences in mean age, pre-hospital living status, or clinical status at admission between the two groups. On the other hand, due to efficient CHF care, the average length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (figure1). RR within 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge ware all lower in PATH+ group. And TP within 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge ware all longer in PATH+ group (figure2).

 By introducing our unique clinical pathway for congestive heart failure cases requiring hospitalization, we could confirm not only the improvement of their conventional clinical prognosis index but also the improvement of their new and more realistic clinical prognosis index after discharge.

 Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1 Figure 2


The frequency spectrum features of chaotic signal and noise signal are analyzed, and the influence of wavelet transform on these two signals is discussed. It is pointed out that the wavelet transform is an effective method to eliminate the noise component in the chaotic signal. It is proven by numerical simulation. At last the experiment result is provided.


To better evaluate the quality of image segmentation,a method is proposed to calculate the parameters of particle shape and particle size distribution and so on by means of particle image measuring method. Thus the accuracy of image segmentation can be evaluated,and then the proposed method is compared with seven methods for segmentation evaluation. The qualitative and quantitative analyses are carried out by simulation. It is proved that this method can better evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of image segmentation algorithms.


Concept mapping is a powerfid alternative to outlining and other techniques for planning information structures. Until now, cognitive psychology and science education have used concept mapping, mainly to focus on clear hierarchical structures for hardcopy information. This paper examines the use of concept mapping for planning information structures for electronic material, in particular, for hypertext. It presents hierarchical and alternative structures. Introduction Controlled, empirical studies show that concept mapping is an effective technique for planning and revising hardcopy information. In a collabordive study between the corporate and academic worlds, we found that writers who used concept maps more quickly produced and revised drafts than writers who used alternative organizational planning techriq~es (Crandell, IUeid, and Soderston, 1996). Also, readers found the concept-mapped drafts easier to understand than drafts produced using alternative organizational planning techniques. This is not suqxising, because the literature on learning stressesthe importance of organization structure, and the elicitation, explanatio~ and demonstration of meaningful relationships in information that is to be learned (Ausubel, 19(53; Bransford, 197% LorcL Lorch, and Morgan. :198% Meyer, 1987; Resnick, 1983). It also stressesthe importance of tying new information to existing Permissionto copy without fee all or paxtof this material is grantedprovidedthat thecopiesm not madeor distributed fordimct conunemialadvantage,theACM copyright notice and the title of thepublication andits dateappear,andnotice is given thatcopying is by permissionof theAssociationfor Computing Machinery.To copy otherwise,or to republish, requiresafeeand/orspecificpenuission. @ 1996 ACM 0-89-791-799-5)96/0179 $1.50 information structures already within the learner's knowledge framework (Just and Carpenter, 1992 Clark and Haviland. 1977; Soderston and German. 1988). These are exactly the functions that concept mapping supports. Originally developed by Novak and Gowen (1984), concept mapping is a graphical technique that identifies concepts, ideas, facts, and examples, and shows the interrelationships among them. The maps are a two-dimensional way of showing the interrelationships among a group or set of related concepts. You can use concept mapping in two wayx to plan and organize new informatio~ and to analyze, diagnose. and revise existing information. It is an instructional strategy that bridges what we know about how people learn and what information sequences should ease the lemming task. In this paper, we do three thing~ First, we briefly review the literature and explain the theoretical bases for the effectiveness of concept mapping. Second, we provide a brief tutorial on how to map concepts. Third, we explore how concept mapping can be used by information planners, writers, editors, and evaluators particularly in planning and revising on-line hypertext information. 1. The Theoretical Bases for the Effectiveness of Concept Mapping Concept mapping was first developed in the 1970s as part of a research project in science education conducted by Joseph Novak and his graduate students at Cornell University. Novak's work embodies the assimilation learning theory of cognitive psychologist David Ausubel-what concepts we already know and understand are key to the integration of new, related concepts. Integrating new material leads to the development of a more complex mental framework and a deeper, more thorough understanding of the phenomenon. Research shows that human memory is most likely organized as a network (Collins and Loftus, 1975) or a hierarchy (Smith, Shoben. and Rips, 1974) of linked


: In this study, we propose a revised structural model for highly ordered synthetic Ge-akagan é ite, a stable analogue of tunnel-type Fe-oxyhydroxide, based on the Rietveld refinement of synchrotron X-ray di ff raction data and density functional theory with dispersion correction (DFT-D) calculations. In the proposed crystal structure of Ge-akagan é ite, Ge is found not only in the tunnel sites as GeO(OH) 3 − tetrahedra, but also 4 / 5 of total Ge atoms are in the octahedral sites substituting 1 / 10 of Fe. In addition, the tunnel structures are stabilized by the presence of hydrogen bonds between the framework OH and Cl − species, forming a twisted cube structure and the GeO(OH) 3 − tetrahedra corner oxygen, forming a conjugation bond. The chemical formula of the synthetic Ge-akagan é ite was determined to be (Fe 7.2 Ge 0.8 )O 8.8 (OH) 7.2 Cl 0.8 (Ge(OH) 4 ) 0.2 .


This article explores how contemporary science may inform psychotherapies that also allow for concepts of "Spirit." Hakomi therapy is used as one example for exploring such an integration. The discussion begins with tenants from the philosophy of science outlined by Bateson and Wilber, and how Hakomi therapy incorporates them into therapeutic principles also influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. These metaprinciples lead into a discussion of the sciences of complex nonlinear systems and to further implications for psychotherapy. The conditions for fostering transformation in a complex adaptive system are discussed in terms of spiritual concerns for raising consciousness in the world.


Clinical characteristics Infants with Duarte variant galactosemia who receive breast milk or a high galactose-containing formula (dairy milk-based formula) are typically asymptomatic and show the same prevalence of acute issues seen in the general newborn population. For decades it has been unclear whether Duarte variant galactosemia results in long-term developmental problems either with or without dietary intervention. However, a recent study of 350 children ages six to 12 years reported no detectable differences in developmental outcomes tested between children with Duarte variant galactosemia and controls, or among children with Duarte variant galactosemia as a function of galactose exposure in infancy. Premature ovarian insufficiency, which is common in classic galactosemia, also has not been reported for girls or women with Duarte variant galactosemia. Diagnosis/testing Duarte variant galactosemia is diagnosed by a combination of biochemical and genetic testing. Specifically, erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) enzyme activity is typically about 25% of control activity, and GALT genotyping reveals the presence of one heterozygous pathogenic GALT variant together with either a heterozygous or homozygous Duarte (D2) GALT variant. Management Treatment of manifestations: Currently, there is no uniform standard of care regarding restriction of dietary galactose for infants with Duarte variant galactosemia. Thus, some health care providers, or parents, may choose to restrict dietary galactose in the first year of life, while others may not. When dietary galactose is restricted in infancy, centers often perform a galactose challenge around age one year followed by measurement of the erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate level. If the level is within the normal range ( Surveillance: For infants on dietary restriction of galactose: if the erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate level is >1.0 mg/dL following a galactose challenge at age one year, galactose restriction may be resumed. In this case, the galactose challenge and measurement of erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate level may be repeated every four to six months until the erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate level stabilizes at Agents/circumstances to avoid: Opinion varies as to whether avoidance of all dairy products (including breast milk and dairy milk-based formula) until age one year is warranted. Evaluation of relatives at risk: If families with one child with Duarte variant galactosemia wish to evaluate their other children for Duarte variant galactosemia, molecular genetic testing for the GALT variants identified in the family can be performed. Genetic counseling Duarte variant galactosemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. When one parent is heterozygous for the GALT D2 allele and the other parent is heterozygous for a GALT pathogenic variant, each child has a 25% chance of having Duarte variant galactosemia, a 25% chance of being an asymptomatic carrier of the D2 allele, a 25% chance of being an asymptomatic carrier of the GALT pathogenic variant, and a 25% chance of being unaffected and also not a carrier of either GALT variant. Carrier testing for at-risk relatives and prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk requires prior identification of the GALT variants in the family and determination of the parental origin of each allele.


In this paper, a scheme is developed for measuring electron bunch lengths in Free Electron Lasers (FELs) and Linear Accelerators (LINACs). The presented scheme uses integrated thin-film lithium niobate (LiNbO3or LN) Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) to overcome the bandwidth limitation of bulk LN. Extrapolated results from device measurements exhibit a 150GHz electro-optic detection bandwidth, a 7.5x improvement over ion-diffused waveguide LN sensors.


Study 1 used recalled incidents involving offered or sought social support that were either rejected or later reappraised. Rejected offers of support were perceived to be ignored by would-be recipients, whereas rejected requests for support were viewed as due to lack of concern by would-be providers. For providers, upward reappraisal of support as well as downward reappraisal was usually based on direct feedback of consequences. Recipient reappraisals in either direction were also based mainly on outcomes that contradicted initial perceived effects of support. Study 2 provided additional evidence on the factors that might lead to rejected support. Evaluations of the effect of specific behaviors from potential support providers in hypothetical stress situations identified common behaviors such as offering advice, implying blame, second-guessing the victim's behavior, and minimizing the problem to be unhelpful. Implications for increasing the effective delivery of social support are discussed.


To develop a multivariate nomogram to predict the rate of lymph node invasion (LNI) in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer according to the extent of extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND), which is associated with significantly higher rate of LNI.


In the two-and-a-half years since the Tiananmen Massacre, the extension of Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) trade status to China has become the focal issue in Sino-US relations.' Prior to June 1989 the yearly renewal of China's MFN status occurred without controversy. However, the situation changed when the Chinese government ordered the brutal slaughter of pro-democracy activists in Tiananmen Square. Since then, the administration and Congress have been locked in a continuous battle, unable to find a common approach to deal with China's egregious violations of human rights. A clear majority of Congress, angered by evidence of flagrant human rights violations in China,2 has called for the attachment of conditions to MFN renewal. Last year the growing trade imbalance and China's weapons sales to developing countries in the wake of the Persian Gulf Crisis increased congressional concerns to a new height. On 15 May 1991 President Bush reopened the MFN battle by announcing his intent to renew China's MFN status without any conditions.3 The President's announcement drew approval from the rulers in Beijing,4 but it lit the fuse for the latest round of rancorous public debates over what the US policy should be toward China.


Considering the characteristic of welding process for all-aluminum radiator and meeting the needs of Chinese production site, low-cost automatic welding equipment for aluminum radiator head has been designed, and this paper focuses on its electrical controls. The microkernel of main control board is C8051F020. Based on this board the subsystems for the entire piece of this equipment has been established, which include LCD,automatic welding, manual operation , welding parameters setting ,etc. Through trial runs of the machine, it indicates that the design of the electrical controls for the equipment is rational, full-featured, and works reliably and efficiently. And the quality of welding is well.


Millennials are defined as the generation born between 1980 and 2000. They are entering the accountancy profession and some are starting to climb the ranks into more senior roles.


The invention discloses a method for directly realizing personalized search, a device for realizing the method and a search server. The method for directly realizing the personalized search can comprise the following steps of: acquiring an input search key word; acquiring personalized browsing records of search results of the present ID (identity) about the key word; and when the personalized browsing record information of one search result meets a preset condition, directly loading and presenting the search result. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a plurality of search results about the key word cannot be presented, the situation of loading a necessary webpage after the user searches the search results of a search engine is avoided, so that the webpage required by the user is directly loaded and presented, therefore the presentation flow can be simplified, the search process is favorable to be simplified, the interference of invalid information to the user is reduced, the user search efficiency is increased, and the effect of directly realizing the personalized search is achieved.


Abstract - Stoichiometric combustion engine with Three-way catalyst had an advantage that can reduce the harmful emissions effectively. Fuel equivalence ratio controlled from engine is very important because Fuel equivalence ratio with high conversion efficiency was narrow. This study analyzed the conversion efficiency under whole range of operating area for to evaluate the performance of three-way catalyst. In order to identify the Optimum conversion efficiency, the conversion efficiency due to change the control value of fuel equiv-alence ratio was investigated. The result show that conversion efficiency of emissions(more than 95%) has dis-covered by means of fuel equivalence ratio control at each test condition. As engine power increases, optimal fuel equivalence ratio tended to increase linearly under operating conditions of similar exhaust gas temperature. Key words : HCNG(Hydrogen- Compressed Natural gas Blends), stoichiometri c, TWC(Three-way Catalyst), conversion efficiency, equivalence ratio


T'HE purpose of this note is to examine modern organisation theory to see what light it can throw on the decisions on hiring apprentices. The basis for the study was a comparatively small number of interviews (14) with organisations employing apprentices in the Perth Metropolitan Area of Western Australia. Insights from these interviews were reviewed in the context of organisational theory. In the small firm the hiring decision so far


The main contributor to this volume is David Louis Miller of the University of Texas at Austin. Both a student of Mead's and an editor and defender of his thought, Miller attempts in his essay and subsequent responses to demonstrate both the overall coherence of Mead's philosophy and the extent to which that philosophy makes (in a social context) room for the concept of individual creativity. Miller thus corrects many false or otherwise superficial interpretations of Mead's social psychology, and of, by implication, contemporary symbolic interactionism.


Evolution of interfacial microstructure between BaTiO3 and the binary glasses used as frits in thick-film technology has been studied. Possible reaction mechanisms for the interfacial compounds have been determined by comparing the results of the sintering study with the reaction of BaTiO3, powder with glass powders. The interfacial microstructure can be divided into two types. The first type of interfacial microstructure is observed for glasses rich in PbO or Bi2O3 network modifiers and is characterized by the penetration of glass into the BaTiO3 grain boundaries, accompanied by incorporation of Pb into the perovskite lattice. The second type of interfacial microstructure is observed for glasses rich in B2O3 or SiO2 network formers and is characterized by the formation of interfacial compounds.


The evolution of internal variables during plastic deformation is discussed. The common feature of the problems discussed is that the microstructural evolution is described in terms of reaction-diffusion type evolution equations or stochastic differential equations (Langevin type equations) for the appropriate internal variables. Justification of the reaction-diffusion approach by means of methods developed in statistical mechanics and the theory of random fields and an extension of the stochastic approach to some exactly solvable models for the evolution of internal variables are also examined in the present paper. Finally, examples of the proposed methodologies for the case of monotonic and cyclic plastic deformation of materials are given.


Abstract: A permanent tidal station was installed at the Chinese Zhongshan Station in Feb. 2010. Harmonic constants of 170 tidal constituents were obtained from harmonic analysis of the first year's data. The results of the eight main constituents showed good agreement with those of two tidal models. Tidal characteristics, such as tide type, diurnal inequality, tidal range, and water levels were also analyzed.


This paper discusses the application of the smoothed Wigner Ville distribution(SWVD) in moving target detection(MTD). Traditionally, MTD is realized by Doppler filter bank. Since the sidelobe levels of Doppler filter bank are usually high, the target detection ability is limited in the conventional MTD. The method based on the SWVD presented in this paper overcomes the shortcoming of the traditional method. Its validity is proven by both theoretical analyses and computer simulation.


Mutation testing can help reduce the risks of releasing faulty software. For such reason, it is a desired practice for the development of embedded software running in safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). Unfortunately, state-of-the-art test data generation techniques for mutation testing of C and C++ software, two typical languages for CPS software, rely on symbolic execution, whose limitations often prevent its application (e.g., it cannot test black-box components). We propose a mutation testing approach that leverages fuzz testing, which has proved effective with C and C++ software. Fuzz testing automatically generates diverse test inputs that exercise program branches in a varied number of ways and, therefore, exercise statements in different program states, thus maximizing the likelihood of killing mutants, our objective. We performed an empirical assessment of our approach with software components used in satellite systems currently in orbit. Our empirical evaluation shows that mutation testing based on fuzz testing kills a significantly higher proportion of live mutants than symbolic execution (i.e., up to an additional 47 percentage points). Further, when symbolic execution cannot be applied, fuzz testing provides significant benefits (i.e., up to 41% mutants killed). Our study is the first one comparing fuzz testing and symbolic execution for mutation testing; our results provide guidance towards the development of fuzz testing tools dedicated to mutation testing.


Aviation History, Aviation Leadership, Qualitative Interview and Case StudyMajor General Clarence L. Tinker was one of the early U.S. Army Air Corp leaders from the early part of the 20th Century, but little was known about how he led and managed both his fellow service members and responsibilities during his command as a general officer. The purpose of this study was to analyze General Tinker's actions and accomplishments as a manager and leader in the U.S. Army Air Corp within the context of utilizing concepts known from leadership and management experts from General Tinker's era. This study also sought to analyze and identify General Tinker's leadership style and leadership traits in the context of contemporary theories of leadership. This study explored and analyzed past records regarding General Tinker and those records included personal letters, noted accomplishments, speeches, and any other sources that were found to be meaningful to this research and the purpose of this study. Further data was collected through interviews of military historians, Tinker family descendents, and anyone else with an expert working knowledge of Major General Clarence L. Tinker. This research did not conclusively identify where and how General Tinker learned to be a leader. However, based upon this research study's findings it is evident that General Tinker attained the rank of Major General for a reason. He knew how to lead and manage War Department resources and especially human resources appropriately. The findings suggest that Army Air Corp Airmen wanted to work for Tinker or other officers similar to him in his leadership and management attributes.


Prognostic markers are urgently needed to optimize the postoperative treatment strategies for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). GIST of the small intestine (I‐GIST) show more aggressive behavior than those of the stomach (S‐GIST), and the molecular background of the malignancy in I‐GIST may include potential prognostic biomarkers. We conducted integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis to identify genes showing differential expressions according to the tumor site. We generated protein expression profiles for four cases each of surgically resected I‐GIST and S‐GIST using label‐free proteomic analysis. For proteins showing differential expressions, global mRNA expression was compared between 9 I‐GIST and 23 S‐GIST. Among the 2555 genes analyzed, we found that promyelocytic leukemia (PML), a tumor suppressor gene, was significantly downregulated in I‐GIST at both the protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.01; fold difference ≥2.0). Immunohistochemistry of 254 additional cases from multiple clinical facilities showed that PML‐negative cases were significantly frequent in the I‐GIST group (P < 0.001). The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate was significantly lower in the PML‐negative than in the PML‐positive cases (60.1% vs 91.7%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that downregulation of PML was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 2.739; P = 0.001). Our study indicated that prognostication based on PML expression may have potential for optimizing the treatment strategy for GIST patients. Further validation studies of PML for clinical application, and investigation for the mechanistic significance of PML to clarify the molecular backgrounds of malignancy in GIST are warranted.


Consideration of the saturation in the core is essential in designing motors for automotive application, because of the stringent size limitations in automotive electric motors, such as those equipped with electrical power steering. In the design of squirrel-cage induction motors, equivalent circuit analysis using lumped parameters is often used to investigate the motor performance. However, estimation of the motor characteristics has been limited because the standard equivalent circuit that considers space harmonics does not consider the core loss. To improve the reliability of the characteristic analysis, a new method that can solve these problems is required. Thus, study of a new equivalent circuit that considers the saturation in the core and the core loss harmonics is needed. Therefore, to obtain the reliable characteristics of induction motors, this paper presents a modified space harmonic equivalent circuit that considers the harmonics of core loss resistance. The modified equivalent circuit is verified by comparing the analysis results of the suggested method and the experimental results of the test model.


An observed effect of longitudinal flow rate through corn roots on phosphate transport is shown to be inconsistent with diffusion theory. R. C. Smith's results confirm rather the existence of a diffusion barrier between the xylem and the free space external to the central cylinder of the root.


Through an analysis of the former YNCET for students in higher vocational colleges, ways to adjust teaching concept, attitude and methods in a new situation of reforms in English teaching and test are discussed.


This document presents the bas'c hardware design developed by the EE 499 class during the spring semester of the 1999-2000 academic year. This design covers the electrical components to supply power to the experiments, the computer software and interfaces to control the experiments, and the ground data processing to provide an operator interface. This document is a follow-on to the Payload Mission description document and the System Requirements document developed during the EE 498 class during the fall semester. The design activities are broken down by functional area within the structure. For each area, we give the requirements that need to be met and the design to meet the requirements. For each of these areas, a prototype selection of hardware and/or software was done by the class and the components assembled as part of the class to verify that they worked as intended.


Language employment comes in various forms in response to variant requirements that are specified in their contexts. Such linguistic specifications are seen in the choices that are made by the message sender in the locution in which s/he adopts an adequate strategy to show her/his intention and actualize what s/he aims at. The strategy of persuasion is one of the most prominent interactional strategies that has received its linguistic fame from its discoursal purposes. In order to achieve persuasion in any discourse, speakers might utilize certain linguistic mechanisms to realize discoursal persuasion, which is diverse and complex, stemming from the plethora of human behavior.


Introduction There is a shortage of tools designed for use by occupational therapy practice in Arabic-speaking countries. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original Satisfaction with Daily Occupations tool to Arabic and assess the psychometric properties of the adapted tool. Method A cross-cultural adaptation process was performed. Face, content, and criterion validity were examined, as well as internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The study included 147 healthy adults and 73 patients with cerebrovascular accident. They were purposefully selected from two countries (Kuwait and Jordan). Results The adapted tool comprised six domains and a total of 14 items. Face and content validity were established through prolonged content analysis. Criterion validity was indicated by significant differences between the healthy and the cerebrovascular accident group in all areas of the Satisfaction Daily Occupations scale (p < 0.001). Satisfactory overall internal consistency (α = 0.77) and good test–retest reliability for the total satisfaction score for the healthy (inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.984) and the cerebrovascular accident group (inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.933) were found. Conclusions The Satisfaction with Daily Occupations-Arabic version is a valid and reliable tool for use with Arabic-speaking occupational therapy clients. This study has several implications for occupational therapy education, practice, and research in the Arab world.


Spanish universities are attempting to offer a more flexible and higher- quality education that is adapted to new social demands. As a result, they are offering a series of technological resources in both university management, as well as, in teaching and research - developments which are encouraged by the educational convergence process, occurring within the European Higher Education Area. In this article, we analyze how a group of university teachers seeks to promote an experience of active collaboration and open education amongst their students through the creation of a Wikipedia site. The goal was to promote a different, more flexible teaching system, where both the teacher and the students break away from their classic roles. This experience was started in order to achieve the following results: 1) motivate learning, 2) encourage active-collaborative learning 3) create a dictionary of the terms related to political science that helps to explain key concepts to students and the public, and 3) improve the quality of education. Despite facing certain obstacles, the results were positive: the students became committed to this practice, learned to collaborate in groups, and solved problems by interacting with their classes; their interest in subjects was increased, and useful tools for other people were created. Moreover, the teachers introduced new pedagogical methods in their classes and made learning relate to their students in a different way. In short, the results show that the use of wiki is effective in improving university teaching. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2020.12.001


Weight-bearing during the degenerative stage, which lasts roughly for one to one and a half years, will lead to flattening of the head, so that with regeneration a deformed head is left which does not fit accurately into the acetabulum,and this will lead to some limitation of movement at the time and to the developmentof osteoarthritis in early adult life. While there seemsto be little that we can do to shortenthe actual courseof the disease, the earlier the diagnosisis made and the soonerthe child is taken off his feet, the less deformity may be expected.


We study the possibility of creating quantum superposition states in alkali atoms. Our methodology is based on the phenomenon of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR). The effect of magneto-optical rotation occurs whenever the resonant light propagates through the medium immersed in a longitudinal magnetic field and manifests itself as a rotation of the polarization plane of light. The effect is strongly enhanced by the nonlinearity of light-atom interaction and allows state-of-the art atomic magnetometry. On the other hand, the nonlinear magneto-rotation provides means to controllably affect and detect atom's quantum state. We present the work on this topic and report on some characteristics of superposition quantum states such as lifetimes or efficiency of it's creation in various conditions.


PART I - BACKGROUND 1. Documents used in international trade 2. Legal aspects of electronic communication PART II - ELECTRONIC ALTERNATIVES: LEGAL BARRIERS AND LEGAL STANDARDS 3. International sale contracts 4. A legal framework to govern electronic payment and presentation of documents 5. Carriage documents 6. A legal framework to govern electronic transport documents 7. Cargo insurance documents 8. A legal framework to govern electronic cargo insurance documents PART III - ELECTRONIC ALTERNATIVES: EMERGING PRACTICES 9. Practical barriers to the use of electronic alternatives in international sale transactions 10. Electronic systems for payment processing 11. Electronic systems for the issue and transfer of rights over goods in transit 12. Electronic systems for cargo insurance


This is the second specialist collection of papers for this journal on Children's Participatory Research emanating from the Young Children's Perspectives special interest group (SIG) within the European Early Childhood Education Research Association (EECERA). The SIG focuses on a range of issues met by researchers in this relatively new field of work, and explores the international successes and challenges of engaging young children in the research enterprise. A robust and productive group, its members are amongst the most prolific publishers in the EECERA. Outputs have included the popular text by Harcourt, Perry, and Waller (2011), where 26 members contributed to chapters, and other special journal editions (e.g. Harcourt and Einarsdottir 2011). At the Geneva meeting in 2011, the SIG recommended that a further anthology of papers was essential in disseminating contemporary viewpoints and findings in relation to research with young children from an international perspective. In 2012, we edited the first compilation of a two-part collection – Introducing children's participatory research in action: Challenges and dilemmas – wherein authors challenged traditional notions of participatory research with insights into ethical, methodological and theoretical frameworks for researching with children. This second part moves us to reporting on the 'action': research projects undertaken with young children in a range of international contexts including Australia, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Sweden, Italy and Finland. In the first paper, Gray and Donnelly give voice to children through a small-scale study in Northern Ireland that offers insights into the experiences of mothers and their children who are diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This paper breaks new ground in a number of ways. Firstly, with the inclusion of children with special educational rights, Gray and Donnelly explore considerations for supporting children with ASD to engage in research. Secondly, the participants were from two ethnically diverse groups (Irish Traveller and non-Traveller communities), thereby offering insights into a misunderstood community. In the next paper, Harcourt and Hagglund argue that the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is yet to be considered from what they term a bottom-up perspective. Working with fourand five-year-old children in Australia and Sweden, the authors offer one of the first examinations of rights from very young children's viewpoints. The paper presents some of the early findings from the Australian part of the study, which identifies a disjunction between rhetorical rights and lived rights. The authors conclude that an 'upside-down approach' is fundamental when working with the UNCRC and children's participatory rights. Also examining the UNCRC, Ghirotto and Mazzoni begin by positioning children's participation as an educative process. Using a project undertaken with very young children in Reggio Emilia, Italy, the authors focus on the role of adults in engaging with children, offering new insights into the participation of young children from a care and International Journal of Early Years Education, 2013 Vol. 21, No. 4, 265–267, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2013.868239


Selectively attending to task-relevant sounds whilst ignoring background noise is one of the most amazing feats performed by the human brain. Here, we studied the underlying neural mechanisms by recording magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses of 14 healthy human subjects while they performed a nearthreshold auditory discrimination task vs. a visual control task of similar difficulty. The auditory stimuli consisted of parametrically notch-filtered continuous noise masker sounds, and of 1020-Hz target tones occasionally (P = 0.1) replacing 1000-Hz standard tones of 300-ms duration that were embedded at the center of the notches. As a control for masker presence related effects, tone-evoked responses were additionally recorded without masker sound. Selective attention to tones increased the amplitude of the onset N1 response at ∼100 ms to the standard tones during presence of the masker sound. Attention modulated sustained response most clearly at 300–400 ms time range from sound onset, specifically with notches narrower than the critical band, selectively reducing the masker-induced suppression of the toneevoked response. Our results show evidence of a dual-stage filtering mechanism of sensory input in the human auditory cortex: 1) gain increase of attended sounds at early (∼100 ms) latencies bilaterally in posterior parts of the secondary auditory areas, and 2) adaptive filtering of attended sounds from taskirrelevant background masker at longer latency (∼300 ms) in more medial regions, predominantly in the left hemisphere, enhancing processing of near-threshold sounds.


This paper investigates Cauchy and Goursat problems for partial differential operators. Successive approximation techniques for partial differential equations and the estimated results are employed to obtain the existence and the uniqueness of the solutions of such problems. An extended Darboux-Goursat-Beudon problem is studied.


Research of financial science on questions providing of financial resources does not exhaust and needs a further study that acquires new descriptions and vectors of development constantly, what costing illuminations in the conditions of present time. Research of the state of provision of financial resources agrarian to the sector of economy with allocating of main segment – loan and attracted financial resources, today topically. In the article the essence funds are considered sources of agricultural enterprises financial resources and problems associated with the formation and use of financial resources in the modern world. Also the problems arising in improving the process of raising funds agricultural enterprises. Revealed that an effective tool to attract financial resources is the issue of convertible bonds and the introduction of agricultural receipts. It is wellproven that in the conditions of unstable environment forward development of the system of agrarian relations must be carried out on the basis of the government programs, and normativelylegal adjusting that take into account not only the existent state of affairs at the market of agroindustrial products but also economic provision of enterprises national agrarian to the sector.


ABSTRACT The extent to which creativity and perfection can be considered compatible aims for dancers was investigated. Also investigated were how creativity and perfectionism are (1) nurtured versus inhibited, and (2) related to basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness). Seventy-seven ballet students (12–19 years old) in Stockholm, Sweden completed standardized questionnaires, and eight were recruited for interviews. Additionally, five teachers were interviewed. It was found that flexible perfectionistic strivings (PS) were seen to support creativity, whereas rigid PS and perfectionistic concerns (PC) were seen as inhibiting. Creative work was proposed to reduce PC. Creativity appeared to be nurtured when basic needs were met via inspiration and imagery; this was experienced more in contemporary dance. Perfectionism appeared to be nurtured when basic needs were thwarted or unsupported, and when teachers were perfectionistic. This was experienced more in ballet. In conclusion, dance teachers who support basic needs likely support dancers' creativity and aid in perfectionism management.


Nano gamma-alumina support was prepared successfully by Sol-gel method using aluminum nitrate without and with carbon nanotubes as a template at different calcination temperatures (600, 650, and 700°C) and then loaded with 0.3% of platinum and 0.3% of tungsten by the wet- impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscope (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and (BET) surface area were used to characterize the prepared nano catalyst. The best results obtained were 389.34 m2/gm surface area, 0.468 cm3 /gm pore volume, 8.07 nm pore size and 42.71 nm average particle size for the prepared nana gamma-alumina at a calcination temperature of 600°C.


During the 2019-2020 fire season, every state in Australia had devastating fires, with the worst impact on eastern Victoria. In order to help Victoria's Country Fire Authority (CFA) to monitor and rescue the fire in time, we set up an optimized model of the number of drones combinations, which saves the national cost while monitoring the fire occurrence. We first carry on the K-means cluster analysis to the fire dense points according to the fire occurrence situation in Victoria, Australia, which obtains the possible fire area. Then, we calculate the emergency factor to judge the fire grade, according to the area fire occurrence frequency and the fire intensity. By using the improved ant colony algorithm, we find the shortest path through each fire occurrence point. Therefore, the multi-objective optimization model is established with the minimum total cost and the highest safety factor as the optimization target. And we make the signal propagation distance SSA drones, Radio Repeater drones and fireman under different terrain as the constraint conditions. Through the model, we calculate that the Victoria's Country Fire Authority (CFA) needs 23 SSA drones and 20 Radio Repeater drones, as well as the location of the relays and the combination of DRONESs in different positions. The occurrence of fire is related to climate and season. Through the data of Victorian fire in the past 20 years, we use ARIMA time series to predict the severity and frequency of fire in different areas over the next decade. Then, we determine the annual monitoring range of each area to estimate the probability of fire. In the case of extreme fire events, we update the scale and frequency of volcanic occurrence, using the model of question one, find the optimal number of drones combinations, calculate the increase in equipment costs, and finally get the need to increase the equipment cost price of $500000(AUD). Considering the different terrain conditions in Victoria, we introduce the altitude correction coefficient to obtain the influence of altitude on radio signal propagation, combing the change of altitude. Then, the influence of terrain on the signal propagation of hovering radio-repeater drones is obtained, and the signal propagation distance under different terrain problem one is changed. The position of the optimized relay is obtained. Finally, we get the number of radio-repeater drones increases to 25. Finally, we examine the sensitivity and stability of the model and prove that our model is accurate and stable for the problems.


Referring to results obtained by the economic theory of contracts and incentives, this paper aims to analyse and discuss specificity and application problems with the introduction of performance-related-pay in the civil service. In particular, a simplified agency model "a la" Holmstrom and Milgrom (1991) is presented and its results are then extended according to the multi-principal logic in order to consider the effects produced on public agents' incentives by the multidimensionality of objectives and the presence of multiple political and institutional principals which characterise the Public Administration. It is shown as these aspects, which in the public sector are strictly connected with the goal of social welfare, can strongly reduce the power of incentives for civil servants; various cases and examples are presented and discussed. Furthermore, reasons for which such problems are more severe in the public than in the private sector are analysed in detail and some policy implications are discussed.


Sodium ion batteries have attracted much attention in recent years, due to the higher abundance and lower cost of sodium, as an alternative to lithium ion batteries. However, a major challenge is their lower energy density. In this work, we report a novel multi‐electron cathode material, KVOPO4, for sodium ion batteries. Due to the unique polyhedral framework, the V3+ ↔ V4+ ↔ V5+ redox couple was for the first time fully activated by sodium ions in a vanadyl phosphate phase. The KVOPO4 based cathode delivered reversible multiple sodium (i.e. maximum 1.66 Na+ per formula unit) storage capability, which leads to a high specific capacity of 235 Ah kg−1. Combining an average voltage of 2.56 V vs. Na/Na+, a high practical energy density of over 600 Wh kg−1 was achieved, the highest yet reported for any sodium cathode material. The cathode exhibits a very small volume change upon cycling (1.4% for 0.64 sodium and 8.0% for 1.66 sodium ions). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the KVOPO4 framework is a 3D ionic conductor with a reasonably, low Na+ migration energy barrier of ≈450 meV, in line with the good rate capability obtained.


This past November, I packed my bags and a big box of ALSC loot so I could take the Everyday Advocacy show on the road. Sure, I'd already presented oodles of times at ALA conferences and the 2014 ALSC Institute, but bringing workshops to front-line youth services librarians in their home states was a new thing for me.


Nanosponges have come into sight as one of the most promising fields of science because of their perceived applications in controlled drug delivery. It has been increasingly investigated to achieve targeted and sustained release of drugs. Nanosponges are one of the novel drug delivery system, which is gaining popularity now days because of their perceived application in controlled and site-specific drug delivery. The fundamental appeal of the nanosponge technology arises from the difficulty experienced with conventional formulations in releasing active ingredients over an extended period of time, unpleasant odor, greasiness and skin irritation. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles with a large porous surface and are believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance and enhanced formulation flexibility. The present investigation in the appraisal describes nanosponge technology embracing its method of preparation, characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation methods along with recent research and future potential.


The objective of this study is to investigate effects of Streptokinase therapy in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). An observational study was conducted among 24 patients with STEMI who visited Emergency Department, Nakhonphanom hospital during October 2011 - September 2012. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records, including patient characteristics, admission profile, duration to the therapy and clinical outcomes as well as complications. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.  Of the total patients, most of them were male (75%), aged 50-69 years (50%) and smokers (58.3%), and had any underlying diseases (66.7%). 58.3% were inferior wall myocardial infarction. For time of onset-to-presentation, 50% were within 3 hrs, 33.3% within 6 hrs and 16.7% within 12 hrs. For time of door-to-needle of Streptokinase, most of them (95.8%) received Streptokinase after 30 min when admission to the hospital. A proportion of patients with success of thrombolytic effect was 12.5% and survival rate was 91.7%. The findings of this study illustrated that Streptokinase therapy in STEMI patient resulting high survival rate, however, successful rate of thrombolytic effect was quite low. Keyword : Patients with ST elevation, Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)


The isooctane entrainment distillation technique, developed in a previous paper1 was applied to a set of model substrata, i.e. crystal hydrates, a choice of biocolloids and substrates rich in lipids and essential oils.

The data for hydrates and biocolloids obtained in the new technique were in satisfactory agreement with those arrived at using the best indirect reference method1 .

The entrainment distillation technique operated more quickly than this reference method and had a more general applicability, since substrates rich in lipids and essential oils did not offer any difficulties.

Slow dehydration of lactose hydrate and the necessity for neutralizing acid systems containing levulose or sucrose before desiccation are still disadvantages of the method.


The International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC) is the main international event for the worldwide accelerator community and industry. It is the venue where researchers present cutting-edge accelerator developments and the latest status of accelerator facilities across the globe. The 9th IPAC, IPAC'18, was held in Vancouver, British Columbia from April 29 to May 4, 2018. With almost 1300 delegates and 90 industrial exhibitors, over 1500 submitted papers, the conference delivered a natural hub for scientific discussion, collaboration meetings and discussions with public program managers and industry and made it a very successful conference. Some conference statistics and scientific high lights will be presented.The International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC) is the main international event for the worldwide accelerator community and industry. It is the venue where researchers present cutting-edge accelerator developments and the latest status of accelerator facilities across the globe. The 9th IPAC, IPAC'18, was held in Vancouver, British Columbia from April 29 to May 4, 2018. With almost 1300 delegates and 90 industrial exhibitors, over 1500 submitted papers, the conference delivered a natural hub for scientific discussion, collaboration meetings and discussions with public program managers and industry and made it a very successful conference. Some conference statistics and scientific high lights will be presented.


Left bundle branch block in structurally normal hearts results in loss of synchrony of ventricular contraction and impairs both regional and global left ventricular systolic function.1 In hearts with good overall left ventricular systolic function this has very little clinical effect. But in patients with ischaemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy it further impairs already poor systolic function and may have a major clinical impact. The prevalence of conduction delay in patients with heart failure is as high as 30%,2 and this has led to the development of biventricular pacing in an attempt to restore synchronous ventricular contraction and so improve left ventricular function. Biventricular pacing involves the transvenous placement of a third pacing lead via the right atrium and coronary sinus into a left ventricular cardiac vein; this is in addition to the standard pacing leads in the right atrium and right ventricle3 and permits simultaneous stimulation of the right and left ventricles.

What is the evidence that this works? Several studies have indicated that biventricular …


Abstract Cognitive liberation is often treated in the social movements literature as a mediating factor through which political opportunities and mobilizing structures generate protest. This paper unpacks multiple dimensions of cognitive liberation and finds that they may operate in tension with one another. Building on scholarship that focuses on subjective factors in social movements, the paper examines the case of the Korku, an oppressed indigenous community in central India, who choose not to protest despite the presence of several dimensions of cognitive liberation. Rather than engage in collective political action, the Korku's grievances are deflected toward depoliticized religious goals. The Korku seek communal improvement through Hindu piety in a context of the Hindutva cultural-nationalist ideology, rather than protest against the encroachment of this ideology on their community.


Corilagin (CRN) isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia as rheumatoid arthritis drug. CRN was medicated to the abdominal cavity of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice that was an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis and its effects on incidence and arthritis index were studied. The results were as folllows; It was exhibited that medicating corilagin inhibited the infiltration of activated T lymphocytes into an inflammatory joint. The production of IgG and IgM that were RF (rheumatoid factor) and inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 and TNF-αwere reduced. After measuring IFN-γand IL-4, it was found that it was shifted into Th2 immune response as increasing in IL-4. After liver function test, studies on liver poisoning of AST/ALT should be continued.


Nowadays there are several applications of mineral recycling materials and residues. At present an assessment method for the use of secondary raw materials, which considers sustainability aspects, does not exist. In the framework of the German DAfStb/BMBF research project 'Sustainable Building with Concrete' an assessment concept was developed. It includes the following four assessment steps: I. Basic considerations, II. Advantages for sustainable construction, III. Alternative paths for application, and IV. Sensitivity analysis. The concept was developed on the basis of recycled concrete aggregates, which are already used according to German standards. Afterwards, it was applied and verified by the evaluation of the utilisation of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashes.


There is currently no published report on the isolation and definitive identification of histone H1 inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. It was, however, recently shown that the yeast HHO1 gene codes for a predicted protein homologous to H1 of higher eukaryotes (Landsman, D. (1996) Trends Biochem. Sci. 21, 287–288; Ushinsky, S. C., Bussey, H., Ahmed, A. A., Wang, Y., Friesen, J., Williams, B. A., and Storms, R. K. (1997) Yeast 13, 151–161), although there is no biochemical evidence that shows that Hho1p is, indeed, yeast histone H1. We showed that purified recombinant Hho1p (rHho1p) has electrophoretic and chromatographic properties similar to linker histones. The protein forms a stable ternary complex with a reconstituted core di-nucleosome in vitro at molar rHho1p:core ratios up to 1. Reconstitution of rHho1p with H1-stripped chromatin confers a kinetic pause at ∼168 base pairs in the micrococcal nuclease digestion pattern of the chromatin. These results strongly suggest that Hho1p is a bona fide linker histone. We deleted the HHO1 gene and showed that the strain is viable and has no growth or mating defects. Hho1p is not required for telomeric silencing, basal transcriptional repression, or efficient sporulation. Unlike core histone mutations, a hho1Δ strain does not exhibit a Sin or Spt phenotype. The absence of Hho1p does not lead to a change in the nucleosome repeat length of bulk chromatin nor to differences in the in vivo micrococcal nuclease cleavage sites in individual genes as detected by primer extension mapping.


'How do I account for my day?' This was said with a mixture of anxiety and resignation by a young knowledge worker,2 a newly appointed 'network manager' – a title he had changed almost at once to Research Network Manager since people thought he was an internet servicer – attached to a newly named entity, the Cambridge University Interdisciplinary Research Network (CUIRN).3 Located in the natural sciences, the network makes explicit the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. Its day-to-day running falls to the Network Manager who is responsible to a Network Research Facilitator, whose new post is held jointly in the departments of Chemistry, Physics and Biochemistry. The post is designed to promote interdepartmental collaboration. For it is not sufficient to wait for collaborative needs to arise in the solving of 'problems' (problems within biology, say,


Multivariate Copula and Dynamic Copula are two important directions in the Copula theory and application. A graphical tool, vine, with cascading structure in the graphic modeling theory is introduced. And we take the bivariate conditional Copulas, instead of usual static Copulas, as the nodes of the vine, combine the multivariate copula and conditional copula, construct a multivariate dynamic copula based on vine structures, named multivariate dynamic vine copula. Empirical results demonstrate that, the multivariate dynamic copula gets higher likelihood than that of the multivariate static copula.


In this paper,superconvergence analysis of an optimal control problem is investigated with pointwise control constraints.In the finite element approximation,control is approximated by piecewise constant functions and the state and the adjoint state are discretized by linear finite elements,then the interpolation uI of the control u is constructed.We prove that the convergence order is 2 between the interpolation uI and the finite element approximation uh for a 2-d elliptic equation.


27 children with bronchial asthma were given raw eggs orally, and the concentration of ovalbumin (OA) and IgG‐antibody to OA in serum were measured 2 and 8 hours after eggs were given. In one‐third of the children the concentration of OA in serum increased after the ingestion of eggs. Allergic symptoms were developed without relation to the concentration of OA in serum. The concentration of OA in serum of children with high titer of IgG‐antibody to OA did not increase except for one.


This paper concerns the problem of the occurrence of panic clients in banks in the world. This phenomenon was by far the recent financial crisis intensified, hence it is advisable to try to analyse this topic. Problem management in banks and panic in the financial markets is an extremely complex issue that requires both theoretical and practical approach. The authors have attempted to characterize the phenomenon of panic as the socio-economic development. In the article there were analysed behavioural aspects of panic and instruments of its deactivation. In addition, some examples of a run on money in Europe was presented. The study showed not only the complexity of the problem, but also the effectiveness and reliability of certain instruments limiting or even eliminating panic in the market.


Single-mode multimode single-mode (SMS) fiber optic sensors are characterized for corrosion monitoring of steel rebars in NaCl and simulated concrete pore solutions. Three diameters of the multimode fiber (MMF) are considered including 125 µm, 90 µm, and 60 µm. Steel rebar specimens were first cast in epoxy resin and then polished to expose a rectangular section. The SMS fiber optic sensors are directly attached on the polished surface of the steel rebar and then immersed in solutions for corrosion monitoring. Two types of solution are prepared, including 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and simulated concrete pore solutions. During the immersion tests, the corrosion evolution of the steel rebar was measured with open circuit potential and linear polarization resistance. The change of the transmission spectrum of the SMS fiber optic sensors is recorded with an optical spectra analyzer. The change of the characteristic wavelength is correlated with the corrosion-induced mass loss of the steel rebars. Results show that linear relationships are present between the corrosion-induced mass loss of the steel rebars and the shift of the characteristic wavelength of the SMS fiber optic sensors. The corrosion monitoring sensitivity of SMS fiber optic sensors increases with a decrease of the diameter of the MMF.


Background and objective:  Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been identified as playing critical roles in fibrosis and is a promising therapeutic target. In a previous study, we used a phage display library to develop a humanized single‐chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) against CTGF. In the present study, the protective effect of anti‐CTGF scFv against bleomycin (BL)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis was investigated in mice.


Chlorogenic acid was extracted from flos lonicerae by using one-step-method. The solvent was a mixed solutioin of ethyl acetate and 0.05 mol/LHCl. The effect of the volume fraction of ethyl acetate, tempeature and time on the extraction of chlorogenic acid was studied. The antimicrobial abilities of chlorogenic acid were also studied. The optimum conditions are: the volume fraction of ethyl acetate, 0.8; the temperature, 65°C;and time, 3 h. The mass ratio of the product to flos lonicerae is 3.21%, and the purity of chlorogenic acid is 86.3%. The antimicrobial abilities of chlorogenic acid against the staphylococcus aurous is better than that against Escherichia coli.


Processing-In-Memory (PIM) technologies is one of most promising candidates for AIoT applications due to its attractive characteristics, such as low computation latency, large throughput and high power efficiency. However, how to efficiently utilize PIM with System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture has been scarcely discussed. In this paper, we demonstrate a series of solution from hardware architecture to algorithm to maximize the benefits of PIM design. First, we propose a Heterogeneous Memory Architecture (HMA) that facilitates the existing SoC with PIM via high-throughput on-chip buses. Then, based on given HMA structure, we also propose an HMA tensor mapping approach to partition tensors and deploy general matrix multiplication operations on PIM structures. Both HMA hardware and HMA tensor mapping approach harnesses the programmability of the mature embedded CPU solution stack and maximize the high efficiency of PIM technology. The whole HMA system can save 416 x power as well as 44.6% design area compare with the latest accelerator solutions. The evaluation also shows that our design can reduce the operation latency by 430 × and 11 × for TinyML applications, compare with state-of-art baseline and PIM without optimization, respectively.


What is the relationship between homeownership and citizenship, as measured by religious and political voluntarism? Tenure is a matter of choice. Use of a choice variable as a key independent variable in estimations leads to omitted variable bias. With this in mind, this study uses before and after comparisons with two waves of Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data. The expectation is that estimating the relationship between homeownership and religious and political voluntarism may be less clouded by omitted time invariant variables. This study finds no significant relationships between homeownership and citizenship as measured by religious and political voluntarism given data at hand, variables used, and estimations based on before-and-after comparisons. The implication of this study is that individual community participation as measured by religious and political voluntarism is not stifled by tenure decisions. The assumption that homeowners are better citizens resulting from increased religious and political voluntarism may be unfounded.


Several cases of untypical transformer fault are presented.Through analysis it is concluded that,there is not inevitable contact between some of the changes of gases dissolved in run transformer and internal overheating or discharge fault in the transformer.The causes for producing gas and the methods of treatment are put forward.


Next in the series of 'Meet the Researcher' is Dr Emi Barker who is currently working on the PetSavers-funded clinical research project 'Prevalence of common respiratory infections within a normal population of owned cats' at Langford Vets.


The ABA Model Code of Professional Responsibility provides that a lawyer has an ethical obligation to represent her clients "zealously within the bounds of the law" (ABA Canons of Professional Ethics, Canon 7). A natural tension exists between said obligation to a lawyer's clients and the duty of a lawyer to provide the court with relevant and controlling law in the jurisdiction, even if said authority is "directly adverse to the position of his client" (ABA Ethical Consideration 7-23). These competing responsibilities were at issue in Monica Del Carmen Gonzalez-Servin v. Ford Motor Co., 662 F.3d 931 (7th Cir. 2011), before Chief Judge Frank Easterbrook and Circuit Judges Richard Posner and John Daniel Tinder. In his decision for the court, Judge Posner reminded attorneys in no uncertain terms of their obligations to the court, and did so in an amusing fashion—though it can be assumed that the lawyers involved were not at all amused. The Gonzalez-Servin case was one of two appeals the Seventh Circuit consolidated because both concerned ethical issues of appellate advocacy. Both appeals were made by plaintiffs' attorneys objecting to District Court Judge Sarah Evans Barker's order that the cases be transferred to foreign courts under the doctrine of forum non conveniens. In the first case, Judge Posner discussed the district court order: "Judge Barker's careful and thorough analysis demonstrates that she was acting well within her discretion in deciding that the Mexican courts would be a more appropriate forum for the adjudication of this lawsuit by Mexican citizens arising from the death of another Mexican citizen in an accident in Mexico" (662 F.3d at 933). Judge Barker similarly ruled in the second case that "suits against manufacturers of blood products used by hemophiliacs, which turned out to be contaminated by HIV (the AIDS virus)" were "brought by Israeli citizens infected by the contaminated blood products in Israel" and thus would most appropriately be heard in Israeli courts (662 F.3d at 933). The decisions on the merits regarding Judge Barker's rulings on the doctrine of forum non conveniens generally were not discussed by the Seventh Circuit, aside from what is quoted above. Instead, Judge Poser focused on the fact that plaintiffs' attorneys in both cases neglected in their appellate briefs to cite controlling precedent from the Seventh Circuit, presumably because the specific case law was antithetical to the positions of the lawyers' clients. In particular, the cases of Abad v. Bayer Corp., 563 F.3d 663 (7th Cir. 2009), and Chang v. Baxter Healthcare Corp., 599 F.3d 728 (7th Cir. 2010), specifically addressed in some detail the merits of forum non conveniens motions. In Abad, the Seventh Circuit held that the doctrine of forum non conveniens "allows a


On a ber bundle without structure group the action of the gauge group (the group of all ber respecting diieomorphisms) on the space of (generalized) connections is shown to admit no slices.


4 8 3 1 jci.org Volume 130 Number 9 September 2020 Introduction The amyloid cascade hypothesis dominates in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field. It posits that amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins are placed in a series with Aβ upstream of tau, in a sort of trigger-bullet mechanism. In support of this hypothesis, a decrease or genetic suppression of tau prevents Aβ-induced synaptic damage, neuronal toxicity, and axonal defects (1–3). Moreover, reducing tau levels counteracts Aβ-induced synaptic plasticity and behavioral abnormalities (1, 4, 5) and spreading of the pathology throughout the brain (6). Consistent with these findings, the expression of human WT but not mutant N296H tau rescues the Aβ-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) in tau knockout (KO) mice (7). As a consequence of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, many scientists have ascribed the failure of anti-Aβ clinical trials to a late intervention in the disease development when Aβ has already triggered tau, producing pathology independently of Aβ. Indeed, a large number of studies are currently focusing either on starting anti-Aβ therapies early in the disease progression when tau has not yet been triggered by Aβ, or on the role of tau in AD pathogenesis, with the ultimate goal of arresting the disease by acting onto tau. Numerous studies suggest that Aβ and tau have a common toxicity mechanism. Both proteins (a) are released upon neuronal activity (8–13), (b) permeate neuronal and glial cells (14–20), (c) undergo spreading throughout the brain (21), (d) impair synaptic function and memory (10, 22, 23), and (e) need cellular prion protein for disrupting hippocampal synaptic plasticity (24). Most importantly, Aβ and tau cooperate to produce behavioral deficits, synaptic dysfunction, and downregulation of transcription of genes involved in synaptic function (10, 25). Interestingly, concurrent administration of low subtoxic doses of oligomers of Aβ (oAβ) and tau (oTau) produces an immediate disruption of memory and hippocampal LTP, a type of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory formation (10), supporting the idea that the 2 proteins might act in parallel to exert their detrimental effects (26). Consistent with this idea, amyloid precursor protein (APP) is necessary for the detrimental effect of Aβ and tau onto LTP and memory (19) with both Aβ and tau binding APP (19, 27–31). Taken together, these results beg the question of whether Aβ and tau are placed in a series or in parallel in the processes leading to synaptic dysfunction and memory loss. Addressing this question is of high relevance in the field because if the 2 proteins act in parallel, both anti-Aβ and anti-tau therapies alone are doomed to fail. Solving this conundrum is of paramount relevance for the design of antiAD clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate that tau is not necessary for the Aβinduced impairment of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory, or for amyloid deposition. Tau suppression can even unveil a deficit The amyloid hypothesis posits that the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein precedes and requires microtubule-associated protein tau in a sort of trigger-bullet mechanism leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. This sequence of events has become dogmatic in the AD field and is used to explain clinical trial failures due to a late start of the intervention when Aβ already activated tau. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach combining molecular biological, biochemical, histopathological, electrophysiological, and behavioral methods, we demonstrated that tau suppression did not protect against Aβ-induced damage of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory, or from amyloid deposition. Tau suppression could even unravel a defect in basal synaptic transmission in a mouse model of amyloid deposition. Similarly, tau suppression did not protect against exogenous oligomeric tau–induced impairment of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. The protective effect of tau suppression was, in turn, confined to short-term plasticity and memory. Taken together, our data suggest that therapies downstream of Aβ and tau together are more suitable to combat AD than therapies against one or the other alone. Tau is not necessary for amyloid-β–induced synaptic and memory impairments


The typing of a radiation hybrid (RH) panel is generally achieved using a unique primer pair for each marker. We here describe a complementing approach utilizing IRS-PCR. Advantages of this technology include the use of a single universal primer to specify any locus, the rapid typing of RH lines by hybridization, and the conservative use of hybrid DNA. The technology allows the mapping of a clone without the requirement for STS generation. To test the technique, we have mapped 48 BAC clones derived from mouse chromosome 12 which we mostly identified using complex probes. As mammalian genomes are repeat-rich, the technology can easily be adapted to species other than mouse.


Evidence of inhomogeneous superconductivity, in this case superconductivity with a spatially modulated superconducting order parameter, has now been found in many materials and by many measurement methods. Although the evidence is strong, it is circumstantial in the organic superconductors, scant in the pnictides, and complex in the heavy Fermions. However, it is clear some form of exotic superconductivity exists at high fields and low temperatures in many electronically anisotropic superconductors. The evidence is reviewed in this article, and examples of similar measurements are compared across different families of superconductors. An effort is made to find a consistent way to measure the superconducting energy gap across all materials, and use this value to predict the Clogston–Chandrasakhar paramagnetic limit Hp. Methods for predicting the existence of inhomogeneous superconductivity are shown to work for the organic superconductors, and then used to suggest new materials to study.


Due to an inattention to the impact of human settlement patterns on the hydroecologies of many cities on water, the contemporary urban project often involves undoing the legacies of these past relationships while wrestling with the resultant environmental problems of the present. It is also our future and the inevitability of environmental changes that demands rethinking development of cities on water. Nearly ¼ of the world's population lives within 100 km distance of the coast and over the next several decades we will see a continued surge in urbanization, much of it set to occur in coastal cities. This paper will explore new paradigms for water based settlements through a study of urban interventions on the Florida Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. Historically Florida has been bold with its approach to creating and adapting hydro landscapes; from the desiccation of the everglades and the canalization of its interior to the feat of the Intracoastal Waterway itself. Our project builds upon these daring cultural landscapes of our past tempered with hindsight about the need for environmental stewardship and the use of natural values to improve urban health, the quality of life, and urban equity.


Building embedded systems using model-driven development is highly desirable for a number of reasons, among them performance, penalty free abstraction, architecture enforcement, and global constraint evaluation. However, embedded systems are often built in several variants. It is thus essential to be able to express variations of systems in a coherent way, even when the system is built using model-driven development. In this paper, we describe a number of mechanisms for expressing variability in the context of MDD. This includes the expression of model variants, extending models with additional information, as well as describing variants of code generators.


High risk-adjusted returns, low correlation with financial asset classes and inflation hedging are investment characteristics that make forests a desirable investment opportunity. To examine returns on forestry investments (from 2011 to 2020), we focused solely on 48 forest companies (across the globe) that were listed on stock exchanges. Results indicate the economic justification of investing in publicly traded forestry companies. The positive five-year beta coefficients (β) range from 0.21 to 3.46, amounting to 1.15 on average. Taking the last 10-year comparison of the world's most common capital market benchmarks, the highest return was achieved by the S&P500 (13.8% on average) followed by forestry companies (9.1%), U.S. Treasury bonds (4.4%), and gold (3.0%). Forestry companies, along with their associated business activities (sawmilling, final products production, and paper production), show the best historical performance from an investor's point of view (total return of 13.2%).


For adolescents who have recently given birth and their mothers information is provided in four areas: perceptions about the fate adopted children perceptions of the adopted childs integration into the natural family knowledge of adoption and attitudes toward open adoption. Adolescents and their mothers reported favorable attitudes toward adoption. Adolescents who released for adoption appear more positive toward adoption than adolescents who kept their babies. Attitudinal support is found for open adoption procedures. (authors)


The present invention provides a liquid crystal polyester composition and a molded article formed from the liquid crystal polyester composition, wherein the difference in thickness changes depending on the position of the molded article resulting color is reduced, the mechanical strength and blister resistance are maintained high. Liquid crystal polyester composition, and a molded body formed from the composition, a liquid crystal polyester composition comprising: 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal polyester containing titanium oxide and / or titanium oxide as a main component and containing selected from the group consisting of antimony, nickel , compound, or two or more metal elements from the group of chromium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, and tungsten in the composite metal oxide of one kind subcomponent 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, and 0.01 to 3 parts by mass of ultramarine blue.


Terrestrial Laser Scanner is a tool capable of generating millions 3D points with mm accuracy, but upper structure is difficult to model. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is an unmanned aircraft system technology that can provide structural data on buildings. Measurements with one technique can lead to unsatisfactory results, so an integration process is carried out to obtain a more accurate 3D model. The purpose of this research is to see the successful integration of TLS and UAV point cloud data for 3D modeling. The data used is secondary data from previous research. TLS and UAV data were processed with Agisoft Metashape and Cyclone in the same coordinate system. The integration process is carried out by aligning the same point cloud between the two data in CloudCompare with an RMSE of 25.60 mm. Validation is done by comparing the distance between the results of the 3D model with the actual conditions. The integrated 3D model can be implemented for the purposes of Bosscha Observatory 3D modeling.


A 300-MHz, 16-bit, 0.5-/spl mu/m BiCMOS digital signal processor (DSP) core LSI, which employs a parallel processing architecture, 300-MHz redundant binary arithmetic units, and a sophisticated high-performance electrical design, has been developed for video signal processing. Measured clock skew and critical path delay are less than 80 ps and 2.6 ns, respectively. It has a parallel processing architecture capable of discrete cosine transform (DCT) operations for efficient motion picture coding in video signal processing.


With a global revenue of over 40 billion US dollars and predicted astronomic growth, the movie industry remains a viable economic sector. It becomes imperative for media professionals to come up with more proficient ways of scheduling movies, and predicting performance of movies, so as to maximize their earning capacity. In this article, the movie scheduling and prediction problem is both an optimization and data analytic problem. The optimization part of the problem is abstracted as a binary integer programming (BIP) problem, and the BIP model is solved using gurobi in MATLAB. While there is a reasonable exploration as to the data analytical solution to the predictiove part of the problem.


A facile synthesis of highly functional spiro-[4-chromanone-3,3'-pyrrolidine] bearing one unique spiro quarternary and three tertiary stereogenic centers is developed in excellent stereoselectivity for the first time.


Collected from different areas of Hei longjiang province, 22 rice seed samples were examined during the years of 1985 to 1986. By two routine methods, the moist chamber and the PDA medium, 14 fungi species belonging 13 genera were identified from the surface and interior of the rice seeds. The Alternaria oryzae, Fusarium graminearum , Epicoccum neglectum and Cladosporium cladosporioidas are the main pathogen. Alternaria oryzae are the predminant fungus by two routine methods. Fusarium graminearum and Cladosporium cladosporioidas are the main fungi by the PDA medium method, while Epicoccum neglectum is the main fungus by the moist chamber method.


This study aimed to investigate whether asymmetry of force, power, and tissue morphology are lower limbs (LL) injury risk factors in physically active adults. Fifty-eight men aged 23.8 ± 1.2 years and forty-seven women aged 23.3 ± 1.0 years were examined. Physical activity level was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and injury data were collected with the Injury History Questionnaire. The countermovement jump was performed to evaluate force and power. LL tissue composition was evaluated by a bioimpedance analyzer. The symmetry indices were calculated. A comparison between injured and non-injured subjects in both sexes was conducted to determine indices associated with injuries. The symmetry indices cut-off points were calculated to establish values indicating a significant injury risk increase, and logistic regression was performed. The relative peak force asymmetry above 4.049% was associated with increased injury risk in men. The LL skeletal muscle mass asymmetry above 3.584% was associated with a higher injury risk in women. Increased asymmetry in indicated indices by 1% was associated with 19.8% higher injury risk in men and 82.6% in women. Asymmetry proved to be an injury risk factor. However, a more suitable index for men is relative peak force asymmetry, whereas LL skeletal muscle mass asymmetry is more suitable for women.


This is a press release, QandA.GAIT is the first multicenter clinical trial in the United States to test the effects of the dietary supplements glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of knee osteoarthritis.


The history of the Navy's PTTI Program is outlined, as well as projected PTTI requirements and capabilities. Current and Projected Program efforts were also considered. Simplified diagrams of the user system are provided.


Citrus is a flowering tree and belongs to the Rutaceae group. Citrus trees produce citrus fruits with various types of fruits. Due to the similarity of species, the types of fruit are similar to each other


The aim of this study was to determine the share of self-differentiation, trust, shame, and guilt in the prediction of marital adjustment. The research method was correlational-survey and a total of 150 married women, who were teachers in Noorabad were selected via simple accidental sampling method. Data was collected by Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), Test of Self Conscious Affect (TOSCA-2), Trust Scale (TS), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) then data was analyzed via correlation, SD, frequency, mode and stepwise regression analysis. Results showed that marital adjustment has a significant relationship with self differentiation, trust and guilt (P<0.01). Also the results showed that there is not a significant relationship between guilt and marital adjustment (P<0.01). Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the combination of self differentiation, trust and shame was significantly predictive of the variance of marital adjustment and predicted 35 percent of variance of marital adjustment.


This study aim to analyze the perceptions and participation of local communities for the development of ecotourism in the Village of Sungai Mempura. This research method using a survey approach. The study population was all residents in the Village of Sungai Mempura The study sample was 50 respondents using simple random sampling technique. The type of data used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires and data analysis in this research is using qualitative descriptive method. The results of this research regarding perception of local community namely (a) 80% of respondents considered that ecotourism in Sungai Mempura is owned by the community, 20% of respondents considered it as the area managed by the local government; (b) According to 54% of respondents that most potential attraction is the tourism of Sungai Mempura; (c) The expected benefits by large majority (50%) of respondents are open employment or entrepreneurial opportunities. Furthermore, for participation of local community in Sungai Mempura, namely: a) 90% of respondents wishing to participate in the development of ecotourism and 60% of respondents involve himself with voluntary spontaneously; respondents involved in the work of development projects ecotourism region reached 54%, the highest donation are donation of thougts (ideas) that 58% of respondents, the most preferred the arts community to be displayed to attraction guests is zapin dance with 52% of respondents, and the most cool souvenirs society is the work of local or regional craft which amounted to 62% of respondents. The conclusion of this research indicate that perception of local community has to be positive, although there are differences between them and the participation of local community is high enough and lead to partnerships between residents of Sungai Mempura Village with local goverment in the development of ecotourism.


Development of technology and expansion of social media emerge group-buying mechanism as a popular strategy. In this paper, two competitive retailers are considered that sell the same product to a customer in a market, group buying and individual buying . Three different competition scenarios are considered. In order to implement the first two strategies, the Stackelberg model is used where the group-buying retailer and the individual-buying retailer are assumed to be the leader and follower, respectively. For the third strategy, the Nash equilibrium is applied when they decide separately. We analyse the optimal and equilibrium strategy in each scenario. And also determine the conditions for each retailer to be present in the market in each scenario. Finally, a numerical example is provided, in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the aforementioned three scenarios in models.


In order to analyse and manage the water distribution network, the computer based management system of the pipe network is presented. On the same time the component functions and the practical application of the system have been discussed.


This paper takes another look at the much-canvassed idea of a 'new global paradigm' emerging in contemporary public management. It argues that, linguistic usage apart, the 'globality' and monoparadigmatic character of contemporary public management change seems to be exaggerated. Three interrelated objections are advanced against the claim of an emerging new global paradigm. First, it is argued that contemporary reform ideas, particularly those advanced by Osborne and Gaebler, are culturally plural rather than homogenous. Second, it is argued that there are substantial biases towards exaggerating international similarity in public management reforms, but that the similarity weakens when we go beyond semantic packaging to examine the specific content of reform initiatives. Third, it is claimed that there are also built- in biases for overstressing the continuity of contemporary public management reforms, but that in fact there are major obstacles to the emergence of a stable new paradigm in public management. One is the underlying mutual repulsion of the multiple reform paradigms today, and the other is the frequency of self disequilibrating processes in public management reform associated with the production of unintended side-effects and reverse effects.


The invention provides a reactor body and a multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor. The reactor body, namely a reaction device, comprises two or more transparent perpendicular pipelines arranged side by side, and connecting tubes or connecting grooves communicated with the tops and the bottoms of the perpendicular pipelines respectively. The photobioreactor comprises the reactor body, a ventilation system and an optional parameter detection and control system. The invention further provides a microalgae culture method which comprises the step that the reactor body or the photobioreactor is used for carrying out photoautotrophic culture, photoinduction culture and mixotrophic nutrition culture of the microalgae. The multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor has the advantages of being large in illumination specific surface area, high in gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, small in fluid shear force and the like; engineering enlargement, cleaning and maintenance are easy, operation is convenient, high-density, high-efficiency and large-scale photoautotrophic culture, photoinduction culture and mixotrophic nutrition culture of the microalgae can be achieved, high-efficiency culture of photosynthetic bacteria can also be achieved, and meanwhile the multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor can be used for microalgae carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment.


ABSTRACT Consumers tend to prefer brands whose image is congruent with their actual or their ideal self. Despite the critical importance of self-brand congruence, the literature currently exclusively relies on self-reported self-brand congruence, and lacks a measure that sheds light on its determinants. In the current research we propose and test a new determinant of self-brand congruence: brand affective congruence (BAC). BAC is based on how people intuitively assess affective meaning of different cultural concepts on the three dimensions of evaluation, potency and activity. Using an empirical study, we find that BAC is an effective determinant of self-brand congruence and has positive downstream effects on brand-self connection, brand trust, purchase intentions, and willingness to pay a higher price.


Anderson, William. The Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and the United States Federal System .211 Johnson, Robert N. The Eisenhower Personnel Security Programs . 625 Pennock, J. Roland. Party and Constituency in Postwar Agricultural Price-Support Legislation .167 Seligman, Lester G. Presidential Leadership: The Inner Circle and Institutionalization .410 Watson, Richard A. The Tariff Revolution: A Study of Shifting Party Attitudes .678