Manganese is a common ingredient of impounded water 1 and of many well waters. In public supplies, it causes such difficulties as staining of clothes and plumbing fixtures, "black" water, incrustation of mains, and interferences with the colorimetric chlorine residual test. In industrial supplies, it causes severe economic losses through discoloration of products, specks in finished goods, and reduction of pipeline carrying capacities. The earth's crust consists of approximately 0.1 per cent manganese distributed quite evenly throughout. Plants have the ability to extract and utilize it in their metabolism. It finds its way into water by chemical and biologic processes.2 Chemical reactions are generally presumed to account for the greater part of the manganese in ground water; in stored water, manganese builds up by a combination of biologic and chemical processes working simultaneously. It is difficult to obtain clear-cut


PurposeThe study examines the influence of a firm's life cycle on the cash flow classification of Indian firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs Dickinson's (2011) cash flow patterns to classify firm years under various life-cycle stages. Cash flow classification is employed to measure a firm's classification shifting (CS) practices. The study includes Indian firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange during 2012–2020, an ordinary least squares regression model, a fixed-effect model and a panel corrected with standard error regression method.FindingsFirms face different opportunities and challenges at different stages of the firm's life cycle and therefore adopt cash flow CS. The results show that firms adopt cash flow CS during introduction, growth and decline stage of life cycle either to boost or to reduce operating cash flows.Originality/valueThis study is one of its kind to study the influence of a firm's life cycle on the cash flow classification of Indian firms.


Lott raises several objections to the methods used, and the conclusions drawn by Ferber and Teiman (1980), F and T henceforth. He also suggests alternative approaches and different interpretations. We shall briefly explain why we do not find either his methods or his conclusions acceptable. Lott chooses a logit model to test our data. It is customary to use logit when a "yes" or "no" dichotomy is involved. Such an approach would be appropriate if he used the decisions for individual articles, rather than percentages. In that case, however, the N would be far larger, and his conclusions might well be different. He further uses In's of the percentages, without even making clear why he considers this preferable, or even acceptable.


A novel fusion scheme is proposed for multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) satellite images using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT). This scheme first performs PCA on MS, and NSCT on PAN and the first principal component (PC1) to get corresponding low-frequency and high-frequency coefficients, then fuses the approximation coefficients using PCA again for the tradeoff between the spectral and spatial information, and fuses the subbands coefficients based on local variance for the spatial detail information, finally a fused image is formed through inverse NSCT and inverse PCA. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion scheme can effectively preserve spectral information while improving the spatial quality, and outperforms the general IHS-, PCA-, wavelet-, contourlet-based fusion methods.


We propose and evaluate an operational algorithm, capable of obtaining a mosaic DEM from a wide area from several interferometric data sets.


Rapid urbanization and industrialization are the major factors behind growing urban water demand in India. Incidentally, the large urban areas are experiencing faster growth in population, and most of them are in arid and semi-arid regions, which are naturally water-scarce. As a result, water supplies from local water sources including aquifers are falling far short of the high and concentrated demands in most urban areas. Under such situations, these large cities have to rely on distant large reservoirs. Understanding the pattern and sources of urban water demand is important for sustaining water supplies in cities. The analysis of Class I cities (> 0.1 million population) and Class II towns (population 0.05 to 0.1 million) shows that cities with larger population size have much higher level of dependence on surface water sources. The Population Elasticity of Water Supply (PEWS) change with time and space for Class I cities it was 1.23 in 1988, 1.29 in 1999, whereas it has gone down to 1.05 in 2008. It also shows that Class I cities have better water supply than Class II towns (PEWS was 0.33 in 1988, 0.76 in 1999 and 0.82 in 2008). Given the structure and pattern of urban population growth, economic conditions and water demands, large reservoirs will have a much bigger role in meeting urban water supply needs. • During 1901 to 2011, urban population in India has increased more than 14.7 times surpassing India's total population growth, which has increased by 5.2 times • In 2011, 31.16% (377.11 million) of India's population is living in urban areas, which is expected to increase up to 40% or 550 million in 2021 (Lundqvist et al., 2003) • A large share of urban population live in Class I cities in 2001 as compared to 1901 (1901: 25.7%, 1991: 65.2% & 2001: 37.8%) • The share of Class I cities in total urban population in India has fallen down in 2001, whereas the share of Class II towns has gone up from 10.9% in 1991 to 40.5% in 2001 • The growth in urban population is not equally spread across Urban Agglomerations the compounded decennial growth rate of population for Class I cities and Class II towns were 1.4 and 1.3 times respectively higher than the overall urban population growth during 1901 to 2001 Issues and Challenges Urbanization in India Urban Water Supply from River Basin Perspectives India can be divided into 19 major drainage basins • The per capita renewable water resources and level of urbanization vary remarkably across the basins • Except for the Brahmaputra, Meghna, Mahanadi, Narmada and WFR2 basins, annual per capita renewable water resource is lower than 2,000 kiloliter for all basins • Except for the above five basins, there is a negative relationship between annual per capita renewable water resource and level of urbanization • River basins having relatively higher degree of urbanization such as Sabarmati, Tapi, Cauvery and EFR2 are also fall under arid and semi-arid climate with extremely low renewable water availability, and therefore cannot support high degree of urbanization unless water is drawn from sources outside the basin Results Conclusions • The share of surface water in total urban water supplies increases with population. Urban centres located in arid and semi-arid regions have larger dependence on surface water sources • Water footprint of urban centres in India growing up and it is mostly away from the urban centres • In arid and semi-arid parts of India, urban water supply systems are under stress and to cope up with population pressure, there is need to look for surface water sources to augment water supply • Urban areas are growth centres, and any reduction in supply of water to urban areas could cause much higher economic losses than the losses in rural areas with the same level of reduction to agricultural water References • Lundqvist J, Appasamy PP, Nelliyat P (2003) Dimensions and approaches for Third World city water security. Philosophical transactions-Royal Society of London. Biological sciences 358(1440):1985-1996 • Mukherjee S, Shah Z and Kumar MD (2010) Sustaining Urban Water Supplies in India: Increasing Role of Large Reservoirs. Water Resources Management 24(10): 2035-2055 Data Sources • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2009) Status of water supply, wastewater generation and in Class-I Cities & Class-II Towns in India. Control of Urban Pollution Series: CUPS/70/2009-10, CPCB, MoEF, New Delhi • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2000) State of water supply and wastewater generation, collection, treatment and disposal in Class I Cities. Control of Urban Pollution Series: CUPS/44/1998-99, CPCB, MoEF, New Delhi • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2000) State of water supply and wastewater generation, collection, treatment and disposal in Class-II towns. Control of Urban Pollution Series: CUPS/49/1999-2000, CPCB, MoEF, New Delhi • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (1990) Status of water supply and wastewater collection, treatment and disposal in Class I cities. Control of Urban Pollution Series: CUPS/30/1989-90; CPCB, MoEF, New Delhi • Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (1990) Status of water supply and wastewater collection, treatment and disposal in Class II towns. Control of Urban Pollution Series: CUPS/31/1989-90; CPCB, MoEF, New Delhi • Per capita water supply varies across States and Class I cities are better served as compared to Class II towns • Population Elasticity of Water Supply (PEWS) is lower for Class II towns as compared to Class I cities, which implies that cities are better served than towns (Mukherjee et al., 2010) • From 1999 to 2008, PEWS has gone up for towns and for cities it has gone down, this implies that cities which were better served are facing cut in water supply • From 1988 to 1999, except for Brahmani and Tapi basins, the dependence of Urban Agglomerations on rivers has gone up for water supply • Dependence on rivers which have less per capita availability of renewable water is higher supplies • The results reinforce the fact that with growing urban population, it is necessary to augment the water supply from sources outside the periphery of the urban centres for providing better access and coverage


Objective To establish a gas chromatography(GC) method for simultaneous determination of algefacients in ophthalmic preparation.Methods The chromatographic procedure was carried out in OV-1701 capillary column.The chromatographic conditions were as follows:injection temperature at 220 ℃,oven temperature at 105 ℃,FID detector temperature at 250 ℃,carrier gas being nitrogen 6.0 psi,hydrogen flow rate at 45mL/min,air flow rate at 450 mL/min,and split ratio being 10 ∶ 1.Samples were extracted by ethyl acetate,and tridecane was used as the internal standard substance.Results Camphor,isoborneol,menthol and borneol were separated from other components of ophthalmic preparation,and they had good linearity in the rang of 2.0~250.0 μg·mL-1.All items of empirical method conformed to requirements.Conclusion The established method is precise and effective,and can be used for qualitation and quantitation of algefacient components in ophthalmic preparation.


Background/Aims: Adiponectin seems to be an important modulator for metabolic and vascular diseases. A case study was designed to measure plasma adiponectin levels and to investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on adiponectin levels in type-2 diabetic patients with proteinuria. Methods: Forty-nine patients (28 males, 21 females) and 23 healthy volunteers (13 males, 10 females) were included in the case study. Patients with proteinuria were treated with 5 mg/day ramipril (n = 21) for 4 weeks. Results: Adiponectin levels of patients were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between adiponectin concentrations and insulin levels as well as the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index in the patient group (r = –0.655, p < 0.001; r = –0.469, p = 0.001, respectively). There was also a significant negative correlation between plasma adiponectin concentrations and the degree of proteinuria (r = –0.912, p < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin levels in patients with proteinuria (n = 21; 4.81 ± 3.17 µg/ml) were significantly lower than those without proteinuria (n = 28; 10.25 ± 2.03 µg/ml; p < 0.001). After the treatment period, adiponectin levels significantly increased (p < 0.001) and proteinuria, plasma insulin, and HOMA indexes significantly decreased in the treatment group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggest that adiponectin is inversely correlated with proteinuria and treatment with ramipril both corrects proteinuria and increases the low adiponectin levels in diabetic patients.


Cross coding inductive loop wire, which is an enhanced formation of traditional cross inductive loop wire, has already been widely deployed and applied in the interlocking system of accurate maneuver control for operation vehicles in iron smelt industry, for it can realize a precision of positioning in centimeter scale. During recent years, the application of cross coding inductive loop wire in speed measuring and positioning for medium-low speed maglev train has been considered, for it can help the signal system to acquire accurate operation related information from the maglev train even if it does not have any wheel set. However, related literature on application of cross coding inductive loop wire have still not been discussed till now. Consider that a comprehensive review of the literature on positioning based on cross coding inductive loop wire in various industries may help scholars and engineers to better understand the working principles and application requirements of it, In this paper, such a comprehensive review has been made, and the applicability of cross coding inductive loop wire in medium-low speed maglev system has also been demonstrated from related works.


Supercontinuum (SC) generation in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is a cutting-edge phenomenon extensively studied in recent years [1]. SC has found many scientific and technological applications. The control of the SC spectral characteristics is crucial in most of them. A pioneering attempt in this direction was reported in Ref. [2]. We point out that SC is typically generated by accessing the anomalous dispersion regime of the fiber, i.e., when the group velocity dispersion (GVD) coefficient is lower than zero, β2≪0. The recent achievement of soft-glass PCFs, namely, PCFs made up of a transparent material that shows higher nonlinear response than the widely used fused silica, opens new possibilities in SC generation at the normal regime, β2≪0. In this contribution we shift from the anomalous to the normal dispersion regime and this fact allows us to recognize a procedure, based on fiber-dispersion design, to control at least to some extent the spectral characteristics of the broadband SC generated by soft-glass PCFs. As a byproduct, we identify a PCF geometry that provides an ultrawide (over an octave) and very flat SC when pumped with a commercial Er-doped femtosecond fiber laser.


An IC card of the present invention which receives a power supply or a radio wave from an upper apparatus (7) so as to operate an internal IC chip comprises for example a Fe-RAM (4) which can be used as program memory and as working memory. When power is turned off during a write process so as not to be applied to the interior, a ferroelectric capacitor in the Fe-RAM (4) is used so that a voltage for a time required to complete forward the writing process is ensured.


The efficient inorganic polymer flocculants polymeric ferric aluminum silicate was prepared from the oil shale ash.The stability of polysilicic acid and the coagulation performance of flocculants were studied.The results show that,as pH is less than 5.6,when pH value increases,the formation of poly-silicic acid accelerates and the stability of polysilicic acid decreases.When pH is bigger than 5.6,the gel appears in the solution in seconds.As the temperature increases or sulfuric acid concentration increases,the speed of formatting polysilicate increases and the stability of polysilicate declines.As PFAS dosage increase,the removal rate of turbidity of the refinery wastewater increase.On the same dosage of flocculant,when the(Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio increases,the removal of turbidity of oily wastewater increases.As n(Al+Fe)/nSi was 10/1,the sample's performance is the best.If the(Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio continues to increase,the flocculation performance of PFAS decreases.


Intermolecular interactions conformation species Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody (IgG1), were investigated to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of the dimerized antibody. Palivizumab solution contains approximately 1 % of dimer species with 99 % monomer. The dimer species was isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and analyzed by a number of methods. The results indicated that approximately half of the dimer species was non-covalently associated, whereas the other half was dimerized by covalent bond including disulfide and di-tyrosine bonds. The dimer species were formed between Fab and Fc, or Fab and Fab. The higher-order structure and thermal stability were very similar between the dimer and monomer. extremely dynamic on the surface: single-molecule Galectin-3 (Gal) is an N-glycan-binding lectin, whose pentamers could generate "lattices" by multiply crosslinking glyco-molecules on the plasma membrane (PM) surface, thus modulating their locations and functions. We performed ultrafast single-molecule tracking of Cy3-Gal (0.1-ms resol.), and found that each Gal molecule stays on the PM for 110 ms, and alternatingly binds and unbinds N- glycans (for 5.1 and 0.87 ms, with diffusion coefficients of 1.1 and 30 μm2/s, respectively). The latter rate is the fastest ever observed in/on the PM, suggesting levitated diffusion. Since Gal-bound glyco-molecules still undergo diffusion (1.1 μm2/s) and Gal oligomers last <10 ms, Gal pentamers and lattices are likely dynamic entities, forming and dispersing continually on a ms scale. multiple time scale for their folding/unfolding, was by disconnectivity graph potential energy profile. The approach was into disconnectivity graph based on free energy profile in equilibrium call transition discconectivity graph. In this we introduce novel method to construct disconnectivity graph. Our approach is starting from Markov chain steady state network that can be extracted from time series of single molecule measurement. Then extract hierarchical property of transition from the network based on transition probability between clusters of network.


In this article, I revisit an art student-teacher observation in an elementary school in which I encountered unsettling approaches to discipline practices. Using process philosophy as a theoretical guide, I describe my arts-based inquiry into what transpired in the school that day as events that were produced in a field of relations. Sensing that there was something I was not initially able to recognize about the field of relations from which the events were catalysed, I pursued an alternate tracing of the events as juxtaposed with texts relevant to the history of schooling in the United States. This process brought to the fore the role of Whiteness – past and present – in the disciplinary norms around which schooling in the United States is centred. I further explore the role of Whiteness in the disciplining of bodies, sounds, affects and emotions in schools – all of which affect students' and teachers' ways of being in art classrooms.


Preterm birth is "a birth which takes place after at least 20, but less than 37, completed weeks of gestation. This includes both live births, and stillbirths" [15]. Preterm birth may cause problems such as perinatal mortality, serious neonatal morbidity and moderate to severe childhood disability. Between 6-10% of all births in Western countries are preterm and preterm deaths are the cause for more than two-third of all perinatal deaths [9]. While the recent advances in neonatal medicine has greatly increase the chance of survival of infants born after 20 weeks of gestation, these infants still frequently suffer from lifelong handicaps, and their care can exceed a million dollars during the first year of life [5 as cited in 6]. As a first step for preventing preterm birth, decision support tools are needed to help doctors predict preterm birth [6].


The studies were conducted with participation of 280 people (140 people were divided into 3 experimental groups and 140 people represented 3 control groups) aged 55 to 80 years. During the study, the testees were in darkened rooms at rest (sitting position) in groups of 10-12 people. For the experimental group the essential oil of summer savory was sprayed in the room for 10, 20 or 30 minutes in a concentration of 1 mg / m3, alongside with psychorelaxation recording. The main components of the essential oil are: carvacrol (51.11%), y-terpinene (21.05%) and p-cimene (13.94%), in much smaller quantities a-terpinene (3.11%), apinene (1.70%) and f-myrcene (1.44%), the remaining components are in concentrations not higher than 1 %. Participants in the control group were played only psychorelaxation recording lasting 10, 20 or 30 minutes. The condition of the testees before and after treatments in control and experimental groups was assessed using hospital scale of anxiety and depression test, word recognition testing with missing letters, correction task, well being questionnaire according to the method Dembo-Rubinstein in the modification of A. M. Prikhozhan. The obtained data were statistically processed using Student's t-test for bound and unbound series. It has been found out that the inhalation of vapors of summer savory essential oil {Satureja hortensis L.) in a concentration of 1 mg/m3 has a strong positive effect on indicators of anxiety and depression and self-esteem of emotional state and psychical tonus of the elderly, as well as during simple and complex mental work. The positive effect of summer savory essential oil on indicators of anxiety and depression and on simple mental work appear in all studied experiments of different duration of exposure (10, 20 and 30 minutes). It contributes to a better self-assessment of psycho-emotional state and psychical tonus and on complex mental work at treatments 10 and 20 minutes long.


Acute leukemia is the most common malignancy of childhood and despite a good outcome for the majority of patients, a proportion of patients has high-risk features, and a very poor prognosis for ultimate cure. As such, novel approaches to therapy and new agents are clearly needed to improve the efficacy and quality of treatment available. We are investigating the utility of several histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) in the treatment of pediatric acute leukemias. Two HDACIs, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat™) and MS-275, exhibited broad spectrum anti-tumor activity against a panel of 12 pediatric ALL and 8 AML cell lines representing different cell lineages and stages of development, with clinically achievable IC50 values of approximately 200–900nM. Both agents induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, SAHA and MS-275 had differential effects on cell cycle progression and differentiation. Treatment with MS-275 resulted in sustained accumulation of cells in G1 phase and cell line-specific changes in the expression of multiple hematopoietic differentiation markers, including HLA-DR, CD11b, CD13, CD33, and CD61. Differentiation of both AML and ALL cell lines was induced. In contrast, treatment with SAHA either had no effect on cell cycle distribution or caused a transient arrest in G1 phase, which was reversible within 24–48 hours. In addition, only minimal changes in the expression of defined hematopoietic differentiation markers were observed following treatment with SAHA. These data suggest that the anti-leukemia effects mediated by SAHA and MS-275 occur by different biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Consistent with this hypothesis, SAHA and MS-275 exhibited synergistic anti-leukemic activity in vitro in a sequence dependent-manner, with a mean combination index of 0.666 +/− 0.048 based on median effect analysis. Sequence-dependent synergy was noted in a variety of T-cell and pre-B cell lines, including cell lines possessing MLL translocations. Both SAHA and MS-275 exhibited synergistic interactions with drugs representing the topoisomerase II, DNA methyltransferase, and proteosome inhibitor classes based on median effect analysis and/or the universal response surface approach. Detailed data demonstrating the mechanism(s) of HDACI-mediated anti-leukemic synergy and sequence-dependence with these other agents will be presented.


2,5-bisaryl-DELTA · 1 · -Pyrrolinen of formula (I) in which F1 DOLLAR DOLLAR A Ar and Ar · 1 · · · 2 have the meanings given in the description, DOLLAR A can be prepared by DOLLAR A converting azides of formula (II) DOLLAR F2 with a trialkylphosphine or a trialkylphosphite or Triarylphoshin or a reducing agent in the presence of a diluent and if appropriate in the presence of a catalyst.


High-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of solid oxide fuel cell (SFOC) interconnections can be improved by creating a thin film on the surface. For this Mn can be deposited on the surface of interconnections by pack cementation process. In this study Mn has been deposited on substrate AISI 430 Ferritic stainless steel. In order to make the best characteristics of the formed coating, the effective factors of pack cementation process was investigated by altering these factors, which are salt activator content in the pack powder (0.5–7%w.t.), deposition temperature (700–800°C) and deposition time (3–4 h). The as-coated samples were examined under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). It was revealed that each parameter affects the coating thickness, coating quality and integrity.


ATAM helps stakeholders determine where the risks and tradeoffs exist in elicited architectural strategies. But it provides no guidance for understanding economic benefits, thus needs to be complemented by some quantitative approach. CBAM helps software architects consider the return-on-investment of any architectural decision and provides guidance on the economic tradeoffs involved. This paper presents our experience of applying ATAM to a small-scale studio project and analyzes how properly it was adjusted to the project situation, what was done well and what could have done better. This paper also presents a CBAM evaluation for the same studio project that was conducted on the output of the ATAM process. The objective of this evaluation is to justify our decision for .Net over J2EE for the architectural framework for the target software system. Though the evaluation have been performed with several restrictions and assumptions, the experience shows that application of economics technique can effectively complement the ad-hoc qualitative approach such as ATAM by providing disciplined process to frame and structure the qualitative output produced by ATAM.


A first-order phase transition of CsSnCl3 to a cubic perovskite phase was observed at Ttr = 379 K. The electric conductivity increased from 10−6 S cm−1 to 10−3 S cm−1 at the phase transition. The temperature dependence of the electric conductivity and the X-ray diffraction data for CsSnCl3 suggested a reconstructive nature of the phase transition. On the other hand, CH3NH3SnCl3 showed successive phase transitions at 283, 307, 331, and 463 K with increasing temperature. The highest temperature phase belongs to a cubic perovskite structure, and pyramidal SnCl3− anion exists below 465 K having distorted perovskite structures. The 119Sn NMR spectra for CH3NH3SnCl3 supported the coordination change around the Sn atom, and also suggested the onset of chloride-ion diffusion just below the phase-transition temperature to the cubic phase. The activation energy for chloride-ion diffusion was found to be 54 kJ mol−1 by analyzing the temperature dependence of 119Sn NMR T1. The electric conductivity of Cs and CH3NH3 s...


Extracted from text ... REGISTRAR PRIZE
15
Distribution of resources for paediatric cardiac surgery
1. Providing high quality tertiary service
2. Triage and optimal use of resources
3. Maintaining academic excellence
References
1. Jenkins KJ, Gauvreau K, New burger JW, Spray T, Moller JH, et al.
Consensus-based method for risk adjustment for surgery for congenital
heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002; 123:110-8.
2. Dept. of Health; Policy on Organ Transplantation and Chronic Renal
Dialysis; 1 Nov 2001.
3. Vanderdonk K, Annual Statistics 2002; Dept Of Cardio thoracic Surgery;
Johannesburg General Hospital; University of the
Witwatersrand.
4. World Health Report (1997). Fighting disease, ..


Research is lacking on the reversibility of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Thus, we aimed to determine the influence of previous antibiotic use on the development and decay over time of third generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistance of E. coli. Using the database of hospital laboratories of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/Bozen (Italy), anonymously linked to the database of outpatient pharmaceutical prescriptions and the hospital discharge record database, this matched case-control study was conducted including as cases all those who have had a positive culture from any site for 3GC resistant E. coli (3GCREC) during a 2016 hospital stay. Data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. 244 cases were matched to 1553 controls by the date of the first isolate. Male sex (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10–2.01), older age (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.21), the number of different antibiotics taken in the previous five years (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08–1.33), at least one antibiotic prescription in the previous year (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.36–2.71), and the diagnosis of diabetes (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08–2.30) were independent risk factors for 3GCREC colonization/infection. Patients who last received an antibiotic prescription two years or three to five years before hospitalization showed non-significant differences with controls (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.68–1.38 and OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.59–1.24), compared to an OR of 1.92 (95% CI 1.36–2.71) in those receiving antibiotics in the year preceding hospitalization. The effect of previous antibiotic use on 3GC-resistance of E. coli is highest after greater cumulative exposure to any antibiotic as well as to 3GCs and in the first 12 months after antibiotics are taken and then decreases progressively.


Background/Aims:  An intramuscular (IM) injection into the buttock risks damaging the sciatic nerve. Safe injection practices need to be understood by doctors and nurses alike. The aims of this study were to determine if sciatic nerve injury because of IM injection is a continuing problem and to establish the availability of published guidelines on IM injection techniques.


Objective To determine the content of kaempferol and quercetin in the Portulaca Oleaacea L. by HPLC.Methods Aglilent 1200 Series, Eclipse XDB-C18column(150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid(45 ∶55) were used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the temperature was 25℃ and wavelength for measurement was at 360 nm. Results The linear range(r = 0.9997) of kaempferol was 0.448-2.240 μg and the average recovery was 96.90% with RSD of 0.63%(n = 6). The linear range(r = 0.9997) of quercetin was0.496-2.480 μg and the average recovery was 98.10% with RSD of 0.45%(n = 6). Conclusion The method is repeatable, accurate and reliable.


Recently, simple adaptive control (SAC) has become of general interest in regard to its simple but robust adaptive control structure. However, the application of SAC was confined to the plant which satisfies the almost strictly positive real (ASPR) condition. This paper deals with this problem and it is proved that the use of parallel feedforward compensation makes it possible to apply SAC to non-ASPR plants under usual assumptions in the design of robust adaptive control system. Since the SAC algorithm does not depend on the degree of the plant, it becomes robust even if the plant contains unmodeled dynamics. This fact is confirmed by applying SAC with parallel feedforward compensation to the well-known Rohrs' example.


The classes of the environmental monitoring service were briefly described.The environmental monitoring service should be managed in a standardization style at monitoring work flow,standard,subcontract,payment,report format,data,quality,service item.It Will be helpful to improved the quality and efficiency of environmental monitoring serves for environment management and the economic development.


This study aims to determine the effect of Self Efficacy, Tolerance Risk, and Emotional Intelligence on Entrepreneurship Intention. Respondents in this study were students of Tridinanti University Palembang at the Faculty of Economics. There are two methods used in this study, namely simple regression analysis and multiple regression. The first hypothesis, the linearity criteria are met and the calculated F value is 70,428 with a Sig value. = 0.000 < 0.05. There is a positive and significant effect of Self Efficacy on Entrepreneurship Intention. The second hypothesis, the linearity criteria are met, and the calculated F value is 67,192 with a Sig value. = 0.000 < 0.05. There is a positive and significant effect of Tolerance Risk on Entrepreneurship Intention. The third hypothesis, the linearity criteria are met, and the calculated F value is 149,578 with a Sig value. = 0.000 < 0.05. There is a positive and significant influence of Emotional Intelligence on Entrepreneurship Intention. The fourth hypothesis, the linearity criteria are met, and the calculated F value is 52,374 with a Sig value. = 0.000 < 0.05. There is a positive and significant influence of Self Efficacy, Tolerance Risk, and Emotional Intelligence on Entrepreneurship Intention.


The article discusses the results of research on benthos, carried out in south-western Bering Sea using remotely operated vehicle Comanche. The vertical distribution of the dominant animals on the northern slope of the Volcanologov Massif and fauna associated with the hydrothermal vents of Piip Volcano was studied.


An approach is presented to model the 3D scattered data measured from the curved surfaces in two stages. The first stage employs the self\|organizing feature map neural network to extract the large scale scattered data and produce the topologic rectangular mesh. It follows the second stage by reconstructing the surface from the topologic rectangular mesh based on the NURBS method. The computer simulation shows that the large scale scattered data can be reduced to the reasonable scale, while the topologic features of the whole scattered data are kept, thereby the precise surface reconstruction with NURBS is realized.


The crystal structure of the monomeric vanadium(III) species mer-[V(bipy)Cl(3)(MeCN)] (1; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is reported. The solvothermal reaction of [V(bipy)Cl(3)(MeCN)]with Na(O(2)CPh) yields the T-shaped cluster [V(3)(O)Cl(3)(O(2)CPh)(2)(bipy)(2)(OEt)(2)], magnetic studies of which show strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling giving a well isolated S = 1 ground state. Solvothermal treatment of 1 with triols yields a series of polymetallic clusters [V(4)Cl(6)(thme)(2)(bipy)(3)], [V(3)Cl(4)(Hcht)(2)(bipy)(2)]Cl and [V(8)(OH)(2)Cl(4)(cht)(4)(O(2)CPh)(6)(bipy)(2)], structurally related to previously reported {M(4)} centred triangles. Magnetic studies of this series reveal very weak intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange and very strong local zero-field splitting effects.


INTRODUCTION Serious pelvic injuries are associated with a high mortality rate, 2 which has remained persistently high even with advances in hospital care. Hypovolaemia is often a significant contributing factor to these deaths 3 If haemorrhage from pelvic injuries could be controlled or reduced in the prehospital environment, then survival rates might increase. Improved mortality has been seen with catastrophic haemorrhage from limb injuries after the introduction of the battlefield tourniquet and topical haemostatic dressings. However, compared with bleeding from pelvic injuries, external haemorrhage is simple to recognise and the success of intervention easier to observe. Pelvic binding devices provide a simple alternative to surgical fixators. These devices can be applied in the prehospital environment, potentially allowing control of unseen major haemorrhage. This article reports the finding of a consensus meeting on the prehospital management of pelvic injuries held in March 2012 and examines the evidence associated with pelvic binding devices and their application.


Smooth muscle cell proliferation is regulated through the coordinated action of growth inhibitors and growth factors/mitogens; a specific heparin‐epidermal growth factor (EGF) complementation has been proposed (Reilly et al., 1987, J. Cell. Physiol., 131:149–157). In culture, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) proliferate more rapidly than VSMC from control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). We observed that, compared with WKY‐derived VSMC, cells from SHR were markedly less susceptible to growth inhibition both by heparin and its homopolysaccharide analogue pentosan polysulphate (PPS). SHR‐derived VSMC exhibited a reduced capacity for binding of [3H]heparin to specific extracellular surface receptors, whereas affinities for heparin were comparable between both VSMC isolates. The early (0–2 hr at 37°C) kinetics of internalization did not differ between SHR‐ and WKY‐derived VSMC, but both internalized equivalent proportions (∼ 10%) of initially surface‐bound heparin. VSMC from SHR exhibited a greater capacity, without a changed affinity, for [I125]EGF binding than VSMC from WKY. Pre‐exposure of VSMC to heparin or PPS decreased, in a time‐dependent manner, the EGF binding capacity for both SHR and WKY (by 40–50% after 72 hr). However, in absolute terms, the EGF‐binding capacity of VSMC from SHR exposed to heparinoids was similar to that of nonexposed VSMC from WKY.


A dispensing device comprising a frame, connected to the support frame connected with the gantry frame, a first dispensing unit coupled to the gantry, the second dispensing unit coupled to the gantry, and the frame the imaging system and one connected to the mast. The imaging system may be provided to capture at least one image of a first pattern and a second pattern, wherein the second pattern is identical to the first pattern. The dispensing apparatus further comprises a controller which is arranged to capture at least one image is checked based on the first pattern and the second pattern is properly positioned with respect to one another on the support, to allow the first dispensing unit at the a pattern, and the second dispensing unit on the dispensing operation while the second pattern. Other embodiments and methods of dispensing disclosed further.


The modeling of superdense matter is an interesting research area and in the last decades, such models allow explain the behavior of massive objects as neutron stars, quasars, pulsars and white dwarfs. Taking local anisotropy into consideration, in this paper we present a new classes of solutions for the Einstein´s field equations in a spherically symmetric spacetime under the influence of an electric field considering a quadratic equation of state with a particular form the metric potential that depends on an adjustable parameter. The obtained solutions can be written in terms of elementary functions, namely polynomials and algebraic functions. The graphs generated show that physical variables such as metric potentials, radial pressure, energy density, charge density, anisotropy, radial speed sound are consistent with realistic stellar models. The results of this research can be useful in the development and description of new models of compact structures. Keywords: quadratic equation of state, Einstein-Maxwell system, metric potential, adjustable parameter, compact structures


Abstract In this paper we examine the work of family lawyers in helping parents to negotiate arrangements for their children at the point of separation or divorce. Our focus is twofold. First, to examine the impact of legislative and procedural changes in family law upon this process and, secondly, to explore the popular perception that lawyers fall into two groups, namely the 'good' and the 'bad'. Drawing upon empirical evidence we explore how lawyers are responding to the ideological framework of the 1989 Children Act in which child welfare, as the paramount concern of the law, is to be safeguarded through a collaborative style of parenting which is privately negotiated. We examine how far the solicitor's traditional role as advocate is being compromised by these ideological principles, and by the drive towards mediation. Finally, in the light of empirical evidence, we question the validity of the populist view of what constitutes good and bad legal practice.


Abstract A numerical analysis is conducted in order to study the flow state and thermal characteristics of a magnetic fluid heat transport device. A simple geometrical model of the device is considered in the present numerical study. The highly simplified marker-and-cell (HSMAC) method is adopted for the numerical analysis, where the transient solutions are obtained in the two-dimensional axisymmetric computational plane. From results of the numerical calculation it can be shown that the vortex zone appears when a magnetic field is applied and the configuration of flow associated with the vortex zone changes for variation in the magnetic field, increasing or decreasing the heat transport capability dependent upon the conditions of the device.


Objective To investigate the expression of interleukin-6 in glioma stem cells (GSCs) and its role in glioma stem cells invasion.Method GSCs from eight surgical glioma specimens were cultured and identified.Real-time RT-PCR and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay were used to measure and compare the expression levels of IL-6 in GSCs and corresponding primary glioma cells (PGCs).Subsequently,IL-6 antibody or exogenous IL-6 was used in a Matrigel-invasion assay and effects of IL-6 on GSCs or PGCs invasiveness were then determined.Results Paired t-test showed that IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in GSCs than in PGCs from the identical tumor (t =2.578,v =7,P <0.05 and t =4.690,v =7,P < 0.005,respectively).In Matrigel-invasion assay,PGCs and GSCs invasiveness markedly decreased after IL-6 was blocked with neutralizing antibody (t =3.105,v =7,P < 0.05 and t =13.922,v =7,P < 0.001,respectively),but significantly increased when exogenous IL-6 was added (t =-5.983,v =7,P <0.001 and t =-6.935,v =7,P < 0.001,respectively).Conclusions The present study found that the IL-6 is overexpressed in GSCs and significantly augments GSCs invasiveness in vitro,suggesting a potential target in future therapy for GSCs rather than for their derivatives.

Key words:
Interleukin-6 ;  Immunosuppression ;  Glioma;  Neoplastic stem cells ; Neoplasm invasiveness


Fall incidents are one of the most important ward safety issues in hospitals because falls may cause extreme injuries, resulting in serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. In this paper, we present a smart ward with a fall detection system. The smart ward can issue an alarm signal to corresponding healthcare givers once it detects a fall event. The smart ward is consisted of a Kinect depth camera and a neural-network-based fall detection algorithm. We deigned six scenarios to test the performance of the proposed smart ward. The accuracy ratio was 98.15% and the KAPPA value was 0.96.


Open experiments mean that laboratory and means of experiments are open to students,and students can enter the laboratory,make experiment design and testing and make full use of time in and after class to do experiments.Open experiments provide space for students to develop and explore,fostering their scientific attitude and spirit of independent thinking and innovative ability.We have learned to design experiment scheme,formulate experiment procedure,implement experiment process and discuss experiment results by participating the antioxidant and cell apoptosis experiment.We are able to learn and consolidate theoretical knowledge when searching for literature.Meanwhile,this experience has trained our operation skills,abilities to discover and solve problems and teamwork spirit.


Secret investigation is an effective measure to investigate and uncover the cases of organized crime and gang crime,but very few people pay close attention to the relavant law questions of secret investigation.The article deeply inquires into the conception and foundation of it and some problems should be paid attention to,which can help practice well.


The acoustic source localization problem relies on estimating the difference in time-delays of a signal received between multiple acoustic sensors separated by a fixed distance. In the ideal case of a room with no reflections, one can identify the intersection of constant power level maps generated by multiple pairs of sensors to isolate the location of the source. The presence of reverberation however produces additional potential source locations that create uncertainty in the source location. In this research, indoor impulse responses are simulated for a rectangular room using an image source model that incorporates frequency dependent absorption coefficients. These spatio-temporal impulse responses are used to compute the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio along with the standard deviation of the energy spectral density at each receiver location. The results of the computational model are shown to be in good agreement with the model proposed by Jetzt. With these two parameters estimated at three spatially distributed receivers in conjunction with Jetzt's method of critical distance measurement, one can predict the source location in the presence of reverberant features. The results indicate that with accurate estimation of the channel impulse response at multiple receivers, this approach can lead to localizing sources in reverberant environments.The acoustic source localization problem relies on estimating the difference in time-delays of a signal received between multiple acoustic sensors separated by a fixed distance. In the ideal case of a room with no reflections, one can identify the intersection of constant power level maps generated by multiple pairs of sensors to isolate the location of the source. The presence of reverberation however produces additional potential source locations that create uncertainty in the source location. In this research, indoor impulse responses are simulated for a rectangular room using an image source model that incorporates frequency dependent absorption coefficients. These spatio-temporal impulse responses are used to compute the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio along with the standard deviation of the energy spectral density at each receiver location. The results of the computational model are shown to be in good agreement with the model proposed by Jetzt. With these two parameters estimated at three spati...


An ultralow power 0.6 V neural amplifier with on-chip analog spike detection is presented. A capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) with the current-reused and self-biased scheme is proposed to reduce the overall power consumption and to enhance the noise efficiency. The transistors in the amplifier are operated in the subthreshold region to enhance noise performance. The analog-domain spike detection based on a low power peak detector can reduce the overall power consumption. The circuit is fabricated using the standard <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. The passband of the circuit is from 6.4 Hz to 4.46 kHz. Input-referred noise is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10.68~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Vrms. The supply voltage is 0.6 V, and the power consumption of the single-stage CCIA is 50.6 nW. The CCIA achieves a good noise efficiency factor and power efficiency factor of 1.79 and 1.93, respectively. The overall power consumption including two CCIAs, the programmable gain amplifier, and the analog spike detector is 269.8 nW. Input spikes with an amplitude of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50~\mu \text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 100-Hz intervals are accurately detected.


69Background: Androgen deprivation therapy induces osteosarcopenia, which in turn is associated with prostate cancer related morbidity, mortality and health expenditures. Although bone and skeletal...


Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae) also known as a miracle berry is an evergreen shrub that is native to tropical West Africa. This berry has an attribute of modifying sour taste into a sweet taste. This study investigated the nutritional, anti-nutritional and phytochemical compositions of the leaves and whole fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum . Proximate composition (moisture content, crude protein, fats, crude fiber, carbohydrate and ash content); Mineral composition (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese); Anti-nutritional factors (oxalate, phytate, nitrate) and Qualitative and Quantitative phytochemicals assays (flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, saponin, glycoside and tannin) were determined using standard methods. Results shows the following trend for Proximate composition: carbohydrate (40.38 and 17.44)%, crude fiber (17.58 and 3.63)%, crude protein (8.42 and 10.26)%, ash content (2.87 and 3.95)%, crude fat (1.97 and 2.32)% and moisture content (28.78 and 62.40)%; Mineral content: macronutrient - calcium (4100 and 1395) mg/kg, magnesium (300.8 and 2678.8) mg/kg, potassium (2500 and 2900) mg/kg, sodium (1986 and 1531) mg/kg, micronutrients - zinc (52 and 17) mg/kg, iron (243 and 102) mg/kg, copper (48 and 89) mg/kg, manganese (44 and 34) mg/kg; Anti-nutrients: oxalate (31.5 and 28.5) mg/100g, phytate (59.9 and 34.7) mg/100g, nitrate (180 and 95) mg/100g; Phytochemicals: alkaloid (0.90 and 1.37)%. flavonoids (0.12 and 0.58)%, cardiac glycosides (0.06 and 0.14)%, tannins (0.65 and 0.34)%, phenol (0.147 and 0.231)% and anthraquinones (0.006 and Not Detected)% for the leaves and whole fruits respectively. S. dulcificum , leaves, and whole fruit could potentially be a good source of nutrients with minimal levels of anti-nutritional factors thus, safe for human consumption.


The invention discloses a silicon carbide film making method. After a certain thickness of silicon carbide film is deposited, the silicon carbide film is subjected to remote plasma treatment by adopting a hydrocarbon, therefore, nitrogen elements in the silicon carbide film can be removed; and due to the remote plastic treatment, the surface of the treated silicon carbide film is nearly not damaged, therefore, the remote plasma treatment is ended through multiple cycles after reaching the target thickness. The silicon carbide film made by adopting the method is low in nitrogen content, therefore, poisoning risk of light resistance is avoided, each layer of silicon carbide film is treated by adopting the remote plasma, therefore, the quality of the formed silicon carbide film is not degraded, and the service life of parts in a cavity can be prolonged.


Cloud computing enables flexible, on-demand and low-cost usage of computing resources. However, those advantages, ironically, are the causes of data loss, privacy, security and revocation issues which emerge because the data owned by different users are stored in some cloud servers instead of under their own control. To deal with these problems, privacy preserving access control scheme in multi authority with efficient encryption & revocation is proposed. In MA-CP-ABE, encryptor intelligently decides who should or should not have access to the data that she encrypts. GID is used where all the keys generated by authorities using PRKG are tied together. Therefore, even if multiple authorities are corrupted, they cannot collect the user's attributes by tracing his GID. . In Modified CP-ABE designed to resist malicious key delegation by issued different secret key to user. An efficient Modified Multi– Authority Ciphertext –Attribute Based Encryption (MA-CP-ABE-r) on Threshold Access Structure with Revocation facility is designed.


Muskegon, Michigan, is a city which has grown so rapidly in the last ten years that it is difficult to estimate its population. Conservative figures, however, place it at 40,000. This is borne out by the school census which is, in round numbers, 9,000. Muskegon, however, is a typical city and the problems, with slight variations, which one meets here are common to almost every city of its size in the same geographical location. It is primarily and distinctly of the industrial type. In one way, however, education in Muskegon has been very unique. In 1895, Mr. Charles Hackley gave the Hackley Manual Training School and endowed it for $600,000. Later he created the Julia E. Hackley Educational Fund which amounts to $1,100,000. These gifts together with others he made to the public library and art gallery, which are under the control of the Board of Education, make the endowment amount to about $2,000,000. When the estate is settled, it is expected that the total endowment will be about $3,000,000. For this reason, it has been possible in the past to do many things in Muskegon, which were not at that time commonly accomplished by cities of this size, without taxing the citizens for their support. The conditions produced by the war, however, and the consequent increase of the cost of conducting schools in respect to both maintenance and construction have taken up so much of the endowment fund that little is left to carry on the special outside activities. Seven years ago, for example, it was proposed by the Board of Education to erect a new high school costing in the neighborhood of $300,000, to pay the interest on the bonds, and to create a sinking fund for the retirement of the bonds from the proceeds of the endowment. This meant that the high school would not cost the taxpayers of this city anything. The matter was submitted to the people and by a very small vote was carried. Later a new element appeared upon the Board of Education, a re-survey of the situation


Sea surface salinity (SSS) observations from Aquarius, Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite missions are compared to characterize the time and length scales of SSS variability globally. Overall, there is general agreement between the global patterns of the time and length scales of SSS variability estimated from the three satellite missions. The temporal scales of SSS variability vary from more than 90 days in the tropics to ~15 days in the Southern Ocean. The very short temporal scales (close to the Nyquist period) in some parts of the ocean are probably due to the high level of noise in the satellite data or the high noise-to-signal ratio. The longest temporal scales are observed along the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and in the central and western tropical Pacific. These areas are also related to the strongest ENSO-related signal in SSS. The processes governing the SSS variability and distribution are also non-stationary, such that the scales determined over different observation periods may differ. Dominant spatial scales of SSS variability are generally the longest (up to 150 km) in the tropics and the shortest (<60 km) in the subpolar regions. The distribution of the dominant spatial scales is not simply latitudinal but exhibits a more complex spatial pattern. In the tropics, there is slight east-west and inter-hemispheric asymmetry observed in the Pacific but absent in the other two oceans. The analysis also reveals that the length scales of SSS variability are highly anisotropic in the tropics (the zonal scales are generally shorter than the meridional ones) and become more isotropic towards higher latitudes. Regional differences in the estimates of the scales from the three satellite SSS datasets may arise due to differences in the observation duration, spatial resolution and/or different level of noise.


EDITOR'S NOTE: Attorney Elizabeth J. Hall is an associate with the Lynnfield firm of Godson Legal Group P.C. She is a graduate of New England School of Law and focuses on divorce and custody cases. As always, we encourage the readership to submit articles and decisions of interest for publication. Please forward articles or decisions to Elizabeth J. Hall, Esq., at Godson Legal Group L.L.P. 210 Broadway, Suite 202, Lynnfield, MA 01940 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) is deemed the most appropriate instrument for assessing violence risks and management because of its balanced approach between dynamic risk and protective factors. Although several facets of reliability and predictive validity of this tool were strong, its inter-rater reliability, construct validity, and implementation in Asian population were under-investigated. The objective of this research was to examine the inter-rater reliability and construct validity of the START: Thai version within forensic psychiatric inpatients. The participants consisted of 118 forensic psychiatric inpatients hospitalized at Galya Rajanagarindra Institute in Thailand. Trained mental health professionals (i.e., psychiatrists, forensic nurses, clinical psychologists, social workers, and occupational therapists) assessed each participant across twenty domains of the Thai START. The inter-rater reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient and a confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data was used to test the construct validity of the scale. The main finding showed a good-to-excellent inter-rater reliability and supported two relational constructs (i.e., strength vs vulnerability subscales) of the Thai START. The Thai START is a promising tool for using in Thai forensic psychiatric setting but some items were not significant in contributing to the scale. This study also provides the guideline for implementing the tool in non-Western forensic psychiatric populations.


Purpose – The paper aims to present the concept, the layout design and the evaluation performed of a flexible field factory for construction industry. Both the concept and layout are focused on flexibility and mobility factors, providing a versatile system for manufacturing and assembly that can be transported to construction sites without need of special permissions.Design/methodology/approach – The design is based on the design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) principles, lean manufacturing, and construction industry experts' knowledge.Findings – The developed factory layout is dimensioned to fit in a standard 20‐feet‐long container. Simulation processes have been run to verify the viability of the system. The time estimates calculated in the simulations are compared with traditional in and off‐site construction method estimates, providing quantified cost and time benefits.Originality/value – This paper presents the concept of the robotized field factory designed for on‐site prefabrication, the desig...


The present invention relates to a method for the air conditioning of a building 1 having a ventilation 2 with at least one control and regulating unit 6 and the air guide unit. In this case, ventilation 2 by separate building openings 10, generates an exhaust stream 5 which is at least one adjustment flowing from at least one of the adjusted intake air flow 4 and / or building flows into the building 1. It must be free of condensate in the blocker and structure of the building 1. At least one of the current value of the absolute internal atmospheric humidity fi1 and / or relative atmospheric humidity φi or steam partial pressure Wi Therefore temperature Ti and / or corresponding internal of the building 1 to, as well as the temperature of the outside of the building 1 Ta and / or at least one current value of the corresponding absolute external atmospheric humidity fa1 and / or relative humidity φa or steam partial pressure Wa, and be detected. Each measured value is sent to the control and regulating unit 6. Depending on the magnitude of the difference value, the air guide unit in a building 1 is generated overpressure or low pressure, or no pressure is generated.


It is still uncertain whether atherosclerosis is generated by a single factor or by multiple factors; however, one of these, namely hypercholesterolemia is unanimously acknowledged to play a key role both as a risk and as an etiopathogenic factor. It has been well documented that both in humans and in experimental animals, elevated levels of plasma beta-lipoproteins are sufficient to induce lipid accumulation in the artery wall leading to the formation of fatty streak that can evolve into a fibrous plaque.'-' Very little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms which link hypercholesterolemia to the formation of a restricted and preferentially located atherosclerotic lesion. So far, the earliest cellular change detected has been the focal adherence of mononuclear leukocytes, especially monocytes, to arterial5.' or valvular endothelium,' presumably in response to some chemoattractants and to some still not clearly identified adhesion molecule^^-'^ Upon diapedesis and homing under endothelium, monocytes are activated as macrophages that are progressively loaded with cholesteryl ester-rich deposits to become foam cells, the hallmark of the fatty streaks. Surprisingly enough, the artery wall is constitutively poorly equipped with means of protection such as macrophages, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PNMs), and lymphocytes. The defense against the massive influx of modified highly atherogenic lipoproteins is partially fulfilled by a continuous recruitment of monocytes converted to macrophages and a shift to a phagocytic phenotype of both the proliferated smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. The hyperplasic reaction of the extracellular matrix components participates in localizing the pathologic process. Despite a successful restriction of the lesion, the progressive obstruction of the vessel lumen, usually supplemented by a thrombus, may vitally impede the tissue blood supply. Although the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has not been elucidated yet, in the last decade a continuously growing body of data has provided some promising clues to the


Objective To compare the GRA7 gene from different geographical Toxoplasma gondii strains(RH, ZS 2, GT). Methods PCR technique was used to amplify GRA7 gene from genomic DNA of different geographical T. gondii strains, the GRA7 gene were digested by the restriction endonuclease (Esp3I, CfrI, MboI) and cloned into plasmid pGEX-4T-1.The reconstructed plasmids were transfered into Escherichia coli JM109 and sequenced. Results The GRA7 gene was successfully amplified from the genomic DNA of different geographical T. gondii strains. The digested fragments by restriction endonuclease were not significantly different. The sequences of GRA7 gene from different geographical T. gondii strains were same. Conclusion The GRA7 gene from different geographical T. gondii strains (RH, ZS 2, GT) has high conservation.


The most charitable thing to say about those working in architectural professions is that we are like medieval doctors in the age of potions and bloodletting, awaiting the arrival of our germ theory.


We view randomization through the lens of statistical machine learning: as a powerful resource for offline optimization. Cloud systems make randomized decisions all the time (e.g., in load balancing), yet this randomness is rarely used for optimization after-the-fact. By casting system decisions in the framework of reinforcement learning, we show how to collect data from existing systems, without modifying them, to evaluate new policies, without deploying them. Our methodology, called harvesting randomness, has the potential to accurately estimate a policy's performance without the risk or cost of deploying it on live traffic. We quantify this optimization power and apply it to a real machine health scenario in Azure Compute. We also apply it to two prototyped scenarios, for load balancing (Nginx) and caching (Redis), with much less success, and use them to identify the systems and machine learning challenges to achieving our goal. Our long-term agenda is to harvest the randomness in distributed systems to develop non-invasive and efficient techniques for optimizing them. Like CPU cycles and bandwidth, we view randomness as a valuable resource being wasted by the cloud, and we seek to remedy this.


The paper considers the problem of studying the impact of key determinants on the industrial enterprise business model economic efficiency and aims to build an optimal model for predicting the industrial enterprise business model effectiveness using neural boundaries. A system of key determinants key factors has been developed. Significant factors were later used to build neural networks that characterize the studied resultant trait development vector. The procedure for constructing neural networks was performed in the STATISTICA Neural Networks environment. As input parameters, according to the previous analysis, 6 key factor indicators were selected. The initial parameter is determined by economic efficiency. According to the results of the neural network analysis, 100 neural networks were tested and the top 5 were saved. The following types of neural network architectures, multilayer perceptron, generalized regression network and linear network were used. Based on the results of the neural network modeling, 5 multilayer perceptrons of neural network architectures were proposed. According to descriptive statistics, the best model was a multilayer perceptron, with the MLP 6-10-1 architecture, which identifies a model with 6 input variables, one output variable and one hidden layer containing 10 hidden neurons. According to the analysis of the sensitivity of the network to input variables, it was determined that the network is the most sensitive to the variable the share of electricity costs in total costs. According to the results of selected neural networks standard prediction, the hypothesis of the best neural network was confirmed as Absolute res., Squared res, Std. Res for the neural network MLP 6-10-1 reached the optimal value and indicate that the selected model really has small residues, which indicates a fairly high accuracy of the forecast when using it.


With the rising of modern data science, data--driven turbulence modeling with the aid of machine learning algorithms is becoming a new promising field. Many approaches are able to achieve better Reynolds stress prediction, with much lower modeling error ($\epsilon_M$), than traditional RANS models but they still suffer from numerical error and stability issues when the mean velocity fields are estimated using RANS equations with the predicted Reynolds stresses, illustrating that the error of solving the RANS equations ($\epsilon_P$) is also very important. In the present work, the error $\epsilon_P$ is studied separately by using the Reynolds stresses obtained from direct numerical simulation and we derive the sources of $\epsilon_P$. For the implementations with known Reynolds stresses solely, we suggest to run an adjoint RANS simulation to make first guess on $\nu_t^*$ and $S_{ij}^0$. With around 10 iterations, the error could be reduced by about one-order of magnitude in flow over periodic hills. The present work not only provides one robust approach to minimize $\epsilon_P$, which may be very useful for the data-driven turbulence models, but also shows the importance of the nonlinear part of the Reynolds stresses in flow problems with flow separations.


The self-consistent Vlasov-Maxwell equations and a generalized deltaf particle simulation algorithm are applied to high-intensity finite-length charge bunches. The nonlinear deltaf method exhibits minimal noise and accuracy problems in comparison with standard particle-in-cell simulations. For bunched beams with anisotropic energy, there exists no exact kinetic equilibrium because the particle dynamics do not conserve transverse energy and longitudinal energy separately. A reference state in approximate dynamic equilibrium has been constructed theoretically. The electrostatic Harris instability driven by strong energy anisotropy relative to the reference state have been simulated using the generalized deltaf algorithm for bunched beams. The observed growth rates are larger than those obtained for infinitely-long coasting beams. The growth rate decreases for increasing bunch length to a value similar to the case of a long coasting beam. For long bunches, the instability is axially localized symmetrically relative to the beam center, and the characteristic wavelength in the longitudinal direction is comparable to the transverse dimension of the beam.


The paper presents an outline of the rescue culture in Poland. It was achieved by the specification of the research object, building and characterizing the ideal model of the rescue culture, as well as description of the general culture determinants. The hypothesis was acknowledged with the use of theoretical research methods. The author found out that the ideal model can be built on the base of the Cieślarczyk's security culture model, taking into consideration all areas of the rescue operations. Whereas relevant determinants have their main source in rescue entities specification. The determinants are expressed by commonly accepted values, established standards, expressed patterns and behaviors as well as conducted operations (including emergency cooperation).


According to the requirements of railway financial liquidation systemreform, to ensure a smooth implementation of liquidation between freight transportand railway infrastructure, the examination mode of railway freight invoice mustbe changed to "transmission and examination". Combining with the actual situationin Beijing Railway Administration, the paper analyzes the application difficultiesof transmission and examination system for freight invoice information, carriesout a deep study on the measures of organization and management and raisesrelevant solutions for the problems existed currently in some links.


This paper concludes that the private, eccentric acts of placentophagy and embryophagy are not illegal. Placentophagy is the eating of a placenta. Embryophagy is the eating of an embryo. This paper suggests that placentophagy and embryophagy, while not specifically legalized by statute or case law, are not acts for which a person can be charged of any crime relating to anthropophagy. Anthropophagy occurs when a human eats human tissue or blood. First, this paper proves that for the most part, anthropophagy is not illegal in the United States. Statutes and case law demonstrate that generally, the consumption of human tissue or blood is not illegal even though the possession of human blood and tissue often correlates strongly with other criminal activity. Second, this paper will argue that placentophagy and embryophagy in the home are legal anthropophagic acts; and that the policy and politics, not law, are the only obstacles for some women who question their power to possess and eat human blood and tissue.


Abstract : The purpose was to produce an advance developmental model of a tactical optical communication set nomenclatured AN/TVC-4 'Small, Rugged, 200-Kilobit/Second Laser Communication System'. The AN/TVC-4 system consists of a pair of terminals that can be operated in a full-duplex mode at any data rate from 240 bits per second (bps) to a maximum of 200 kilobits per second (kbps). The system is required to operate with an error rate of less than 1 bit in 1,000,000 bits 0.000,001 over a 3-km path with a path attenuation of 10 dB per kilometer. In addition to the data mode, the AN/TVC-4 also can function as an analog voice link. The complete transceiver terminal -- which uses a GaAs laser diode source and an avalanche photodetector -- is housed in a rugged 7-in.-wide x 7-in.-high x 7.5-in.-deep package. The r The report describes in detail the system design, component selection and performance analysis of the fabricated AN/TVC-4 system as well as field test results obtained with the equipment.


The current situation of riparian wetland in Harbin was presented and the problems in landscape construction in the relevant tourism zone were revealed against the backdrop of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan on tourism development.The methods of landscape construction in the development of riparian wetland from seven aspects which including water system construction,planning of revetments,road system,plants,animals,architectures and ice and snow sceneries were analyzed.


In view of the problems which exist in the supplements of college newspaper,to promote the guidance force of the supplement of Liaoning Techinical University's newspaper,according to the characteristics and development of the supplement,the reform and innovation of the college newspaper supplement in the recent years are summarized.Also,the issue from the aspects of pressing close to the real practice,enhancing the news nature and sticking to principle of people oriented is expounded.At the same time,the advice is proposed for improving the guidance force by the development of the supplements of college newspapers.


In this paper we discuss the stability of a uniform Freedericksz configuration in highly anisotropic thin nematic films. We show that the Freedericksz transition in a bend geometry is at least two-dimensional, and it occurs at field strengths lower than the known classical threshold.


The invention relates to a bidirectional-stretching online-coating optical base film and its making method. The optical base film comprises a three-layer co-extruded bidirectional-stretching polyester film, and a coat having a thickness of 1-10mum and coated on at least one surface of the polyester film. The three-layer co-extruded polyester base film has an A/B/A structure and is formed by two co-extruded surface layers (the A layers) and a core layer (the B layer) positioned between the two surface layers. The coat adopts an aqueous polyurethane coating liquid, and includes a silica colloid having a particle size of 40-50mum, and micron-sized silica having a particle size of 1-6mum. The optical base film having the above structure has the characteristics of high light transmittance, low haze, good adhesion resistance and the like, and is suitable for the use in optical films comprising diffusion films, whitening films and protection films for the optical use.


To examine the reproducibility of quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) methods to estimate hepatic proton density fat‐fraction (PDFF) at different magnetic field strengths.


The goal of SEMATECH Joint Development Project J101 was to accelerate the development of a patterned wafer inspection tool to meet the sensitivity, throughput, and cost requirements for 0.25 micrometers and 0.18 micrometers technology generations. To accomplish this goal, SEMATECH partnered with Tencor Instruments to develop the Tencor Surfscan Advanced Inspection Tool (AIT). This tool is capable of inspecting 100-200 mm wafers with random and repetitive patterns for both particulate contamination and pattern defects. This capability, combined with its high throughput, makes the Surfscan AIT useful as an in-line process monitor. In order to determine its performance on product wafers in a manufacturing environment, a beta version of the AIT system was evaluate at Advanced Micron Devices Fab 25, in Austin, Texas. The evaluation was conducted according to the SEMATECH qualification plan. The final tool development, IRONMAN testing, and beta site evaluation will be described in this paper.


We propose a set of distributed algorithms for improving the multicast throughput in wireless sensor networks. To this end, network coding is applied when exploiting path diversity with two disjoint paths to each multicast group receiver. We depart from the traditional wisdom that the multicast topology from source to receivers needs to be a tree and propose a novel and distributed algorithm to construct a 2-redundant multicast graph (a directed acyclic graph) as the multicast topology, on which network coding is applied. We conduct both analytical and simulation-based studies to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of our algorithm.


ABSTRACT The necessity to address climate change has resulted in a widespread debate about the need for a transition to a 'greener' economy. How such an economy emerges, by what drivers and at what scale is a significant source of speculation amongst the geographical research community. In the context of longstanding contributions to environmental geography from scholars working at Aberdeen University, this paper outlines a novel research agenda for the Green Economy Research Centre (GERC). The contours of the green economy are examined in the context of economic sectors of food production, tourism, energy and the blue economy. Cross-cutting themes of green transitions, governance, people and place and ecosystem services inform our academic contribution to this evolving and controversial societal issue.


Factor graphs are a versatile graphical representation of factorizable functions. As a probabilistic graphical model they allow to visualize conditional independence, which can be exploited for efficiently solving inference problems by means of message passing along the nodes of the graph. In this paper, a novel factor graph formulation of the expectation maximization-based estimation technique for affine linear parameter-varying system identification is presented. Furthermore, a recursive reformulation of the algorithm suitable for tracking time-varying changes both accounted and unaccounted for by a pre-defined linear parameter-varying system description is immediate from its factor graph-based formulation.


Mixtures of unsaturated polyesterstyrene and liquid epoxy resin, each with its own curative, have been found to yield transparent crosslinked material when a reactive liquid rubber (ATBN) is added. The properties of this network vary in a systematic fashion with rubber content. As much as a tenfold increase in critical energy release rate, from 59 N/m to 618 N/m, and a six-fold increase in strain-to-failure, from 1.6% to 11.2%, have been measured. The final matrix is a two phase material comprised of pure polyester/epoxy domains and a rubber modified polyester/epoxy domain. Transmission electron micrographs show the rubber to be uniformly distributed throughout the matrix with domain sizes of the order of a few hundred angstrom units. This morphology is also supported by SEM and DMA data.


With load-based model, considering the loss of capacity on nodes, we investigate how the coupling strength (many-to-many coupled pattern) and link patterns (one-to-one coupled pattern) can affect the robustness of interdependent networks. In one-to-one coupled pattern, we take into account the properties of degree and betweenness, and adopt four kinds of inter-similarity link patterns and random link pattern. In many-to-many coupled pattern, we propose a novel method to build new networks via adding inter-links (coupled links) on the existing one-to-one coupled networks. For a full investigation on the effects, we conduct two types of attack strategies, i.e. RO-attack (randomly remove only one node) and RF-attack (randomly remove a fraction of nodes). We numerically find that inter-similarity link patterns and bigger coupling strength can effectively improve the robustness under RO-attacks and RF-attacks in some cases. Therefore, the inter-similarity link patterns can be applied during the initial period of network construction. Once the networks are completed, the robustness level can be improved via adding inter-links appropriately without changing the existing inter-links and topologies of networks. We also find that BA–BA topology is a better choice and that it is not useful to infinitely increase the capacity which is defined as the cost of networks.


The technological foundation of smart manufacturing consists of cyber-physical systems and the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Each IoT device in a smart factory can be coupled with a digital twin, that is, a dynamic virtual representation of the physical system across its life-cycle using real-time sensor data. Currently, the manufacturing process itself, the involved devices, and how they interact, is designed by human experts in a traditional way. We envision an architecture where humans can instead specify a goal and take advantage of technologies such as digital twins to automatically compose the corresponding physical processes, sharing some analogies with the notion of Web service composition


Observation competence plays a fundamental role in outdoor scientific investigation. The computerized concept mapping technique as a Mindtool has shown the potential for enhancing meaningful learning in science education. The purposes of the present study are to develop a concept map integrated mobile learning design for ecology observation and to examine the implementation effect for elementary school children. Also, the difference in growth slopes between gifted and average students is investigated. Eighteen gifted students and thirty average students were included in this study. A computerized dynamic assessment system which combines a Computerized Ecology Observation Competence Assessment (CEOCA) and a concept map integrated ecology observation learning design were implemented. The results of the hierarchical linear model (HLM) analysis reveal that the overall growth slope is significant (µ=0.27, p<.01). The effect size is 0.53. The growth slope of the gifted students is a little higher than that of the average students. However, the slope difference between ability groups is not significant. The results suggest that a well designed concept map integrated learning system demonstrates very promising potential for enhancing both the gifted and average students' mobile observation competence. The system developed in this study could be a useful resource for


The identifying of characteristics of the landscape with regard to their belonging to various elements of the relief, the determination of the changes in time and space, the consequences forecast of natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic impacts on geoecosystem are conducted as a result of the mathematical and geomorphological modeling of the landscapes subjected to erosion and the use geographic information for analysis of degradation. GIS modeling and mapping are carried out taking into account many-sided information from distributed and concentrated databases, high-resolution satellite imagery, space map and DEM. The authors developed a modified model of the system "Height – Shape slope – Length" in view of its reference to the center of mass. It was found that most of the slopes profile has the view of an S-shaped curve, which is described by the logistic function provided in normalized values with a high correlation coefficient (more than 0.995) h(l) = (100 – 5t)/(1 + 69.7 · exp((0.434 – 0.033t) · l + (2.59t – 35))) + 5t. where: h(l) – current height of a profile, %; 69.7 – coefficient determining the position of the mass center system "Height – Length – Shape slope"; 0.434 and 0.033 – factors that determine the shape and incline of the curve; l – the width of the profile section,%; t – the period of normalized time. At that, digital models of status and dynamics of relief in connection with the geocoded information, and the space images of the studied surface of allow to determine the spatial disposition, shape and topology of geoecosystems. Modeling of landscapes is the basis for identifying the existing erosion relief, as it refl ects already established, for some time, situation, as well as when identifying stable relationships allows predicting the erosion state of such landscapes.


Hemoglobin A1c has a predictable correlation to blood glucose, and is used to estimate average glucose for the previous 2-3 months.1 Hemoglobin variants may invalidate HbA1c results in vitro by analytical interference or in vivo by altering RBC lifespan or glycation rate. Several researchers have examined analytical reproducibility in heterozygous Hemoglobin AS (HbAS) samples, i.e. from subjects with sickle cell trait (SCT), and determined which assays provide reproducible results.2-5 No study to date has compared HbA1c to 3 months of glucose measurements in persons with SCT and diabetes. We asked if the correlation between HbA1c and average glucose was altered by the presence of SCT.


«Eugesta», is an international electronic journal on gender studies in Antiquity, directed by J. Fabre-Serris (Lille) and J. Hallett (Maryland). It was created in 2011 in connection with the research network of the same name, the "European Network on Gender Studies in Antiquity". The journal is published in Open Access and hosted on the site of the University of Lille. Promoting multilingualism, «Eugesta», is conceived as a virtual meeting place between North American and European studies on Gender: it aims to provide them a higher level of visibility and to encourage reciprocal readings and productive interrelations among engaged researchers. The paper describes how we constitute each issue, the reviewing process and our scientific positioning. «Eugesta» has been approved for inclusion in ERIH PLUS.


A Face Mask Wear Detection Device for Entrance Authorization is designed to ensure that everyone wears a face mask at all times in a confined space. It is one of the easiest methods to lower the rate of coronavirus infection and hence save lives. Asthma, high blood pressure, heart failure, and many other chronic conditions can be fatal to those who are infected by the novel Coronavirus (nCoV-21). Consequently, the goal of this research is for face mask wear detection devices that help to reduce the rate of Novel Coronavirus infection on-premises or in public places by ensuring that customers comply with Standard Handling Procedures (SOP) set by the Ministry of Malaysian Health (MOH). Customers' faces are recognized by this device whether or not they are covered by a face mask upon entry into a facility. Additionally, the use of this device can contribute to ensuring compliance with the maximum number of customers allowed on the premises. A facial recognition system is the goal of this study that uses technology designed as an individual disciplinary aid and follows the safety procedure at this critical time. This research was developed using the engineering design process development model which has four phases namely;identifying the problem, making possible solutions, prototype development and testing and evaluating the solution. Results indicate that the developed product can function effectively. Experts have discovered that using this product helps people stick to their face mask routines. The design of this product has improved, which means that the overall quality of the product is elevated to be capable of performing as intended in terms of intelligent technologies © 2022. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications.All Rights Reserved.


The focus of this research was to identify variables reported in the 2008-2009 Florida School Indicator Report (FSIR) that had a statistical impact, positive or negative, on the likelihood that a school would achieve Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in reading or mathematics using the logistic regression technique. This study analyzed four broad categories reported by the FSIR to include academic, school, student, and teacher characteristics. FSIR and AYP data was collected for 468 Florida high schools that were categorized by the Florida Department of Education as presenting a comprehensive curriculum to grades 9-12 or grades 10-12. It was determined in this study that academic data associated with ACT results and the grade 11 FCAT Science were effective predictors of a school's academic health in reading and mathematics. Student absenteeism showed the greatest impact on a school obtaining AYP in reading while the percentage of students qualifying for free and disabled populations within a school showed the greatest impact on a school obtaining AYP in mathematics. Teachers teaching out of field were identified as having a negative influence on AYP in reading and mathematics while a teacher's experience was considered a positive influence on AYP in mathematics only. Further research is necessary to fully explore the use of logistic regression as a predictive tool at the state, school district, and school level.


Aqueous-phase batch free-radical copolymerization of NVP and NVF is studied at 60 and 85 °C with varying initial monomer mixture compositions and monomer to water ratios. The rate of monomer conversion is found to increase with increasing NVP molar fraction and with decreasing total monomer concentration, in accordance with the expected behavior based on homopolymerization kinetics. The copolymer composition is equal to the initial comonomer composition, indicating monomer reactivity ratios to be unity. A terminal copolymerization model provides a good description of polymerization rate, copolymer composition, and polymer molar mass distributions using the same kinetic rate coefficients as used to previously describe the homopolymerization of the two monomers.


Superplasticity refers to an ability of polycrystalline solids to exhibit exceptionally large elongation in tension. The application of superplasticity makes it possible to fabricate ceramic components by superplastic forming (SPF), concurrent with diffusion bonding, and superplastic sinter-forging just like superplastic metals. Furthermore the superplastic deformation plays an important role in stress-assisted densification processes such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and hot pressing (HP). The ceramics superplasticity has been one of intensive research fields in the last decade. Although most of reports are still limited to those of zirconia [1] , new developments have been achieved in superplasticity of Si 3 N 4 and SiC in recent years. It is clearly demonstrated that the superplasticity is one of the common natures of fine-grained ceramics and nanocrystalline ceramics at elevated temperatures.


This review concentrates on U. S. research activities in the area of waves and instabilities during the mid-1982 to mid-1986 period. Plasma waves and instabilities are phenomena that are central to the energization, acceleration, transport, and loss of energetic particles in magnetized plasmas. As such, they play a dominant role in almost all energy exchange phenomena that occur in planetary magnetospheres.

It is difficult to give a comprehensive review of the subject even for a limited period of four years; however, we note that several other articles in the U. S. National report to IUGG for the Solar Planetary Relationships (SPR) section discuss selected aspects of wave and instability phenomena. Specifically, numerical simulations are discussed by Ashour-Abdalla [1987], phenomena in the magnetopause and bow shock by Elphic [1987], magnetospheric tail pheomena by Huang [1987], electric fields and currents by Mauk [1987], auroral phenomena by Gorney [1987], and planetary (Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus) phenomena are covered by Connerney [1987]. We have attempted to avoid extensive overlap between these reviews and the present report.


After the massive worldwide success of "Artemis Fowl" comes this equally stunning sequel, which finds old enemies Holly Short and Artemis Fowl working together for the first time. A bold and daring plan is necessary to fight the threat to the Lower Elements from the goblin B'wa Kell triad - and to rescue Artemis' father.


Cryogenic testing heat load is the key equipment for testing the cooling capacity of large helium cryogenic refrigeration system, and the heater is the core component of it. Through the heat transfer analysis in the heating process, the specific mechanical structure and heat transfer law under cryogenic conditions are explored. The mechanical structure and thermal design of the heater are carried out, and the optimized mechanical structure is given to meet the experimental needs.


In this study ground-based thermal infrared imaging was used to obtain surface temperatures distribution and to estimate the thickness of supraglacial debris on a mountain glacier. The study area is the eastern tongue of Gran Zebrù glacier (Ortles-Cevedale group, Central Italian Alps, Italy), having an area of about 0.23 km2. The glacier surface includes some areas completely covered by debris.
We used a FLIR E85 Thermal Camera to take 17 thermal images of the glacier surface on 30 September 2019, the images were taken from a distance of about 100 m from the glacier front. The thermal images were combined into a single panoramic image and calibrated in order to obtain surface temperatures. In addition, we manually measured the debris thickness and took thermal images at 18 points on the glacier, in a sector with a continuous debris cover. From these data, an exponential equation correlating measured debris thickness and debris surface temperature was obtained and applied to the panoramic thermal image to estimate debris thickness at each pixel with surface temperature > 0 °C.
This method allowed us to obtain the distribution of surface temperatures and of debris thicknesses with a high spatial resolution, between 0.11 and 1.10 m. The obtained surface temperatures show a spatial variability, ranging between -10.7 and 26.4 °C, with a mean of 5.8 °C. Snow and ice have mean temperature of -1.2 °C, while the debris cover a mean temperature of 14.1 °C. The estimated debris thicknesses have an inhomogeneous distribution on the glacier, ranging between 0.03 and 0.51 m, with a calculated mean debris thickness of 0.14 m in the areas completely covered by debris, that is in good agreement with field data.


the last two seasons has stretched the production of propagation material and planting material to the limit. In a perfect situation, supply equals demand, and demand is satisfied with vineyards receiving all vines as well-grown, oneyear-old graftlings and rootlings, whether produced in the field or in containers.In reality, what has happened is that the vine improvement associations have had to severely ration the available rootstock and scion material from registered source areas. With nurseries receiving as little as 10% of the cutting material ordered it has been necessary to produce a huge number of vines from rootstock cuttings that, in the past, have been considered too small for propagation material. The use of this material has generally enabled orders to be met and in most cases vineyards to establish successfully. To assist in the production of the numbers of vines required it has also been necessary to propagate from clients' own preferred sources of private vineyards. With the expansion of registered source areas over recent years we hope to see the vine improvement associations come closer to being able to satisfy demand for cuttings. Late decisions to establish vineyards have also necessitated the use of techniques such as the planting of callused graftlings and cuttings. This is a less than ideal way to establish a planting. However it has a place in the industry, at the moment, and when carefully managed can be very successful. Many vines have also been produced in biodegradable containers with as little as 6 weeks lead time, generally very successfully. All of our own recent vineyard plantings have been completed with these rapidly propagated vines and these have performed very well, with yields, for example, at two-and-a-half years, not less than 14 tonnes per hectare and up to 30 tonnes per hectare. With regard to the characteristics of successful planting material, we suggest that growers look for the following.


ZnO surfaces cleaned in ultra high vacuum exhibit neither thermally (TSEE) nor optically (OSEE) stimulated exoelectron emission. Pure N2, CO, H2, CO2 added at room temperature have no influence on the exoelectron emission (EE), whereas the emission intensity is lowered by the chemisorption of oxygen and increased by water vapour. For an intense TSEE of ZnO a chemisorption covering with both gases is necessary.

Aus ZnO-Oberflachen, die im UHV gereinigt wurden, findet weder eine thermisch stimulierte (TSEE) noch eine optisch stimulierte (OSEE) Exoelektronenemission statt. N2, CO, H2, CO2 beeinflussen die Exoelektronenemission (EE) nicht, wahrend die Emissions-intensitat durch Chemisorption von reinem Sauertoff erniedrigt, durch Wasserdampf aber erhoht wird. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, das fur die TSEE von ZnO eine Chemisorptionsbedeckung mit beiden Gasen erforderlich ist.


It is by now well-established that there exist non-local games for which the best entanglement-assisted performance is not better than the best classical performance. Here we show in contrast that any two-player XOR game, for which the corresponding Bell inequality is tight, has a quantum advantage. In geometric terms, this means that any correlation Bell inequality for which the classical and quantum maximum values coincide, does not define a facet, i.e. a face of maximum dimension, of the local Bell polytope. Indeed, using semidefinite programming duality, we prove upper bounds on the dimension of these faces, bounding it far away from the maximum. In the special case of non-local computation games, it had been shown before that they are not facet-defining; our result generalises and improves this. As a by-product of our analysis, we find a similar upper bound on the dimension of the faces of the convex body of quantum correlation matrices, showing that (except for the trivial ones expressing the non-negativity of probability) it does not have facets.