IP Fast ReRoute (IPFRR) has received increasing attention as a means to effectively shorten traffic disruption under failures. A major approach for IPFRR is to pre-calculate backup paths for nodes and links. Such approach is, however, hard to deploy due to the tremendous computational overhead. Thus, a lightweight IPFRR scheme is desired to effectively detour failures and provide routing protection. In this paper, we propose a Fast Tunnel Selection (FTS) algorithm to achieve tunnel-based IPFRR. The FTS algorithm can find an effective tunnel endpoint before complete computation of entire SPT and effectively reduce computation overhead. We simulate FTS with different size of generated topologies, and the results show that FTS algorithm reduces much computation overhead compared to existing approaches, and achieves a 99.10% average link protection rate and a 91.97% average node protection rate.


Objective To isolate and identify prostate cancer stem-like cells from human prostatic carcinoma cell line PC-3,in order to set a foundation for further investigation of human prostate cancer stem cells (hPCSC). Methods Prostatic carcinoma cells line PC-3 was cultivated in serum-free medium (SFM) supplemented with growth factor,with the same cells cultivated in serum-supplemented medium (SSM) supplemented with growth factor to serve as the control. The proportion of prostate cancer stem-like cells was detected by flow cytometry,and prostate cancer stem-alike cells were identified by cell immunofluorescence,then the proliferating potentiality and doubling time with prostatic carcinoma cells PC-3 were compared by MTT. The process of inducing differentiation and the dual immunofluorescence expression after differentiation of prostate cancer stem-alike cells were observed. Results In SFM consisting of human epidermal growth factor (EGF),human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and human leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF),a few PC-3 cells could survive and form suspended cell spheres,and the proportion of prostate cancer stem-alike cells (1.43%) was significantly increased compared with that cultured in SSM (0.41%,P0.05). The reproductive activity of prostate cancer stem-like cells was stronger than prostatic carcinoma cells (9.6×105 pieces vs 3×105 pieces,P0.000 5),and the doubling time of the former was shorter than the latter (21.90h vs 28.38h,P0.000 5). Immunofluorescence showed that prostate cancer stem-like cells expressed CD133. Prostate cancer stem-like cell spheres could differentiate in SSM with low expressim of CD44 and CD133. Conclusions Prostatic carcinoma cell line PC-3 cultured in vitro consists of a small amount of prostate cancer stem-like cells which express surface markers belonging to human prostate cancer stem cells. It is possible to enrich this kind of tumor stem-like cells by SFM.


4-Phenylpentacyclo [5.3.0.02, 5.03, 9.04, 8]decan-6-one underwent acid-catalyzed rearrangement to give two isomeric chloro or tosyloxy derivatives having tricyclo[5.2.1.04, 8]dec-2-ene ring system, according to the type of the acid, Lewis acid containing chlorine or TsOH.


Congenital heart defects, facial dysmorphism and intellectual development disorder (CHDFIDD) is associated with mutations in CDK13 gene which encodes a transcription regulating Cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Here we analyzed early embryonic stages of CHDFIDD mouse models with hypomorphic mutation in Cdk13 gene with very similar phenotypic manifestations plus cleft lip/palate and knockout of Cdk13 which exhibits robust phenotype with midfacial cleft. Cdk13 is strongly expressed in the mouse embryonic craniofacial structures, namely in the forebrain, nasal epithelium and maxillary mesenchyme. In vitro, CDK13 protein is located not only in nuclear region but also in the cellular protrusions in cultured mesenchymal cells and cells isolated from dorsal root ganglia. In Cdk13-deficient embryos, we found hypoplastic branches of the trigeminal nerve including maxillary branch and additionally we detected significant gene expression changes of molecules involved in neurogenesis (Mef2c, Pou4f1, Sod1, Cdk5rap2, Nrcam) within the developing palatal shelves. Key palate-associated molecules (Msx1 and Meis2) were downregulated during early craniofacial development in mutant embryos. These results demonstrate the role of CDK13 in regulation of facial morphogenesis and also growth of craniofacial peripheral nerves.


Objective:To study the effect of 3 kinds of extract of Yunmuxiang on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion of mice,and to find the material basis of Yunmuxiang which affact gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion of mice.Method:Using modified determination of content of phenol red to observe the effect of 3 kinds of extract of Yunmuxiang on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion of mice in normal state,hyperthyroidism state caused by neostigmine,inhibiting state caused by atropine.Result: Volatile oil of Yunmuxiang could significant decrease gastric emptying rate of phenol red of normal mice(P0.01),could significantly improve gastric emptying rate of phenol red in the state of inhibition caused by atropine(P0.01),could significantly decrease gastric emptying rate of phenol red in the state of hyperthyroidism caused by neostigmine(P0.05).Conclusion:The extract of Yunmuxiang can inhibit gastric emptying of normal mice,can improve gastric emptying of mice in the state of inhibition caused by atropine,antagonistise gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion of phenol red in the state of hyperthyroidism caused by neostigmine.Volatile oil and low-polar substances are more likely to the material basis of Yunmuxiang which affact gastrointestinal tract of mice.


This paper is intended to provide foundations to the theory of Witt-type topological group and ring functors defined on a category of topological algebras, and, in presence of Banach norms, to show how to topologically deal with them. It is logically the first of a series of papers in preparation on the use of Barsotti-Witt constructions to obtain Scholze's tilting equivalence uniformly with respect to the perfectoid field K of characteristic 0 lifting a particular perfectoid field F of characteristic p>0.
The paper is basically self-contained and may have an independent interest especially for specialists of topological algebra and non-archimedean functional analysis: this accounts for its independent submission. We indicate a new viewpoint in the theory of non-archimedean Banach algebras, based on a higher-dimensional generalization of the notion of gauge-seminorm as explained in P. Schneider "Non-archimedean Functional Analysis" Springer 2002


10.1074/jbc.M112.400655 Access the most updated version of this article at doi: . JBC Affinity Sites Find articles, minireviews, Reflections and Classics on similar topics on the Alerts: When a correction for this article is posted • When this article is cited • to choose from all of JBC's e-mail alerts Click here Supplemental material: http://www.jbc.org/content/suppl/2013/01/07/M112.400655.DC1.html


Dispersions were studied of multiwall carbon nanotubes in cholesteric liquid crystals of three types: nematics with chiral dopant, mixtures of cholesterol derivatives, and similar mixtures close to smectic-A transition. In the first two cases, no appreciable effects of nanotubes upon selective reflection spectra were noted, while optical transmission increased significantly at the isotropic phase transition. Aromatic and steroid matrices differed significantly in this respect, though in both cases the nanotubes were apparently oriented along the directors of quasi-nematic layers. In the third case, nanotubes slightly but clearly affected the measured selective reflection peaks, suggesting suppression of the smectic-A phase formation.


The research focused on the understanding of the Sao Paulo State Court of Justice ("TJSP") about the constitutionality of municipal laws that instituted goal programs (or plan of goals). It took as reference the first studies on the implementation of the goals program in the state of Sao Paulo and the empirical analysis of judicial decisions in the "TJSP" between 2009-2019. The initial hypothesis was that the decisions for unconstitutionality represented undue interference by the "TJSP" in the elaboration of public policies and would make the use of the instrument impossible at the municipal level. However, the cases were brought to the Judiciary by the Executive itself, who questioned the legitimacy of the Legislative power in editing rules regarding the exercise of its administrative activity. It is not clear the impact of these judicial decisions in the municipalities, where the reference to similar instruments was maintained. In "TJSP" decisions, there was a need for a watchful eye at the particularities of each case and even the confrontation of similar law to the goals program present in the Brazilian legal system.


Background The clinical outcomes of hepatitis C infection in kidney transplantation and maintenance dialysis patients remain controversial. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed at comparing 5-year mortality rates between waiting list and kidney transplantation patients with hepatitis C infections. Methods We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus databases published since inception to June 2011 and found nine studies with 1734 patients who were eligible for pooling. Eligible studies were cohort studies that analyzed adult end-stage renal disease patients with hepatitis C virus infection and compared death rates between waiting list and kidney transplantation. The crude risk ratio of death along with its 95% confidence interval was estimated for each study. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Results The pooled risk ratio of death at 5 years by using a random-effect model was 2.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.50–3.20), which significantly favored the kidney transplantation when compared with the waiting list. There was evidence of heterogeneity of death rates across studies (&khgr;2=22.6; df=8; P=0.004). From the metaregression model, age and male gender could be the source of heterogeneity or variation of treatment effects. A major cause of death in the waiting list was cardiovascular diseases, whereas infection was a major cause in the transplant group. There was no evidence of publication bias suggested by an Egger test. Conclusions This systematic review suggested that hepatitis C virus–infected patients who remain on dialysis are at higher risk of death when compared with those who received kidney transplantations.


Recommender systems are used to provide recommendation or suggestions on services and items to the users. It provides suggestions which based on prediction. Prediction plays an important role in recommender systems while making the recommendation for users, prediction ensures the quality of suggestions for their users. Recommendation system used in various applications such as e-commerce websites, social Applications, search engines, or for daily decisions that we need to make. To generate prediction for recommender systems many techniques have been proposed. The goal of the paper is to provide a general overview on various recommendation techniques. It covers the working of different recommendation techniques along with its classification and also their advantages and disadvantages.


In this paper, we propose a conjectural generalization of the derivation relation for multiple zeta values. This extension was inspired by works of Alain Connes and Henri Moscovici on a certain Hopf algebra of transverse geometry [1], [2], and is thought of as a first attempt to materialize the suggestion given at the end of Section 7 in [4]. The multiple zeta value (MZV) is a real number defined for each index set k = (k 1 , k 2 ,. .. , k n) of positive integers with k 1 > 1, by the convergent series ζ(k) = ζ(k 1 , k 2 ,. .. , k n) = m 1 >m 2 >···>m n >0 1 m k 1 1 m k 2 2 · · · m k n n. One of the fascinating features of these numbers is that the structures of (linear or algebraic) relations over Q among them reflect various other structures in mathematics and mathematical physics. To describe the derivation relation of MZV's, we use the algebraic setup introduced by Hoffman [3]. Let H = Qx, y be the non-commutative polynomial algebra over the rationals in two indeterminates x and y, and H 1 and H 0 its subalgebras Q + Hy and Q + xHy, respectively. Let Z : H 0 → R be the Q-linear map defined by Z(1) = 1 and Z(x k 1 −1 yx k 2 −1 y · · · x k n −1 y) = ζ(k This " evaluation map " arises naturally from the iterated integral representation of MZV's. To find a linear relation among MZV's is to find an element in the kernel of the map Z. For each integer n ≥ 1, define the derivation ∂ n on H by ∂ n (x) = x(x + y) n−1 y, ∂ n (y) = −x(x + y) n−1 y .


Study of an inscription from the 1 century found in Ariccia (Latium) and dedicated to Diana by two curatores of a collegium lotorum, whose functions are unknown. Analysis of the term lotores. Possible relation to another inscription from the sanctuary of Diana at Nemi (within the Ariccia municipal area) and to the piacula held in the year 50 by order of Emperor Claudius. Observations on the purification by water.


The purpose of this study was to establish a Korean reading ability assessment category based on a reading comprehension theory, and to establish an evaluation framework for Korean reading ability after creating the evaluation factors corresponding to each category through expert Delphi survey. The three levels of reading comprehension that were constructed are the following: language knowledge, text comprehension, and interpretation and comprehension of new ideas and application. This study suggested that constructs of Korean reading assessment reflected reading theory. This study has meaningful consequences which suggest verified constructs through Delphi surveys. (Kyung Hee University)


.................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Energy Crisis and Renewable Sources ...................................................................... 1 1.2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ........................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Three Generations of Photovoltaics ................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Principle of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells ............................................................. 4 1.2.3 Evaluation of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells .......................................................... 7 1.3 Semiconductor Photocatalysis .................................................................................. 9 1.3.1 Principle of Semiconductor Photocatalysis ........................................................ 9 1.3.2 Modifications of TiO2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity .......................... 11 1.4 Objectives of the Present Work .............................................................................. 13 1.5 References ............................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2 FACILE SYNTHESIS AND MORPHOLOGY CONTROL OF BAMBOO-TYPE TIO2 NANOTUBE ARRAYS FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS ............................................ 19 2.


The ventilation efficiency by the pressure difference of tower inside and outside, which is generated by wake formed in the leeward side of the tower or by the Venturi effect, was researched by a wind tunnel experiment and a numerical simulation. The ventilation efficiency by wake increased with the increase of wind speed, but was unrelated to the number of open windows. The ventilation efficiency by the Venturi effect increased with the increase of wind speed and of Venturi width. The numerical simulation reproduced the ventilation efficiency of the wind tunnel experiment.


This paper is devoted to constructing and modeling a kimberlite tube formation under a normal impact of a comet onto theEarth. The comet is considered to be an axially symmetric solid low-density body with a high-density core inside.


The expansion of multicast methods is a compelling question. After years of widespread research into hierarchical databases, we verify the synthesis of consistent hashing. In order to achieve this aim, we concentrate our efforts on validating that XML and write-back caches are always unable to get along and therefore distributed hashing is no longer considered unsafe.


For the sake of realizing the NEMP damage effects visualization in 3D GIS,MRRTP model is provided.At first,the damage data was analyzed with the help of spatial cluster technique.Secondly,the spatial cluster test index was calculated.Thirdly,the damage object space was divided by using the adaptive algorithm and the aggregation-disaggregation method in multi-resolution modeling technique.At last,MRRTP model was generated.Commixing the MRRTP model and TEN model can build the model for the three dimension data of NEMP damage effects.The new model provides technique supports for the 3D expression and spatial analysis of NEMP damage effects.


Software Defined Radio (SDR) based transponder can take advantage of low cost, low complexity and flexible digital signal processing through on-board processor. It is also suitable for transmitting and receiving signals of relatively diverse frequency bands by adjusting internal LO and VGA gain and can perform various modulation processes at the baseband end. This study discusses the design of C-band NLFM pulse radar system for detecting and communicating SDR based transponders and the predistortion technique for system response linearization. Nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveform have utilized to suppress sidelobes level and chirp pulse radar topology have also used for SNR enhancement. Digital predistortion (DPD) technique was implemented to minimize nonlinearity of the radar system response. Amplitude weighting coefficients were calculated through acquired data on the transceiver board by performing system loop-back test. The coefficient was utilized to linearly compensate input signal for nonlinear radar system responses.


The present thesis focuses on the promising semiconductor material kesterite, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, known as CZTS(e), which is used in the second generation of solar cells, generally known as thin film photovoltaics (PV). This material relies on earth-abundant, low-cost and low toxic elements which certainly attract the interest of both research community and industry. Kesterite could replace its well known and already commercialised thin film counterpart, CuIn(1-x)Gax(SySe1-y)2 (CIGS), since it has similar structural and optoelectronic properties and also cell architecture, but does not rely on scarce elements such as In and Ga. In order to achieve a commercial stage kesterite research needs to increase its still limited efficiency (12.6%), which is currently below the 15-18% required value. To achieve this goal, new tailored and customized processing solutions, dealing with major problems of this technology should be investigated and implemented. Moreover, increasing the potential market penetration of kesterite by diversifying its possible applications range can also be an appealing and interesting driver for the industry.
This work focuses on the pure Selenium kesterite, CZTSe, using a versatile and simple sequential two step process to synthesize this absorber. Sputtering and reactive thermal annealing are the techniques chosen to produce CZTSe based solar cells. In addition, two different substrates were used, soda lime glass (SLG) and flexible and light-weight stainless steel (SS) foils. The thesis scope is divided into two interrelated parts:
The first one deals with the proposal of novel and customized approaches to improve CZTSe-based devices performance, mainly using glass substrates. Three innovative processing solutions are developed, proven and included in this work. Two of them deal with the critic Mo back contact region and the third one focuses on the absorber surface. As a result, two original ways to control the decomposition of the back contact interface and the excessive generation of MoSe2 (overselenization) during the thermal treatment along with a chemical passivation route for the CZTSe surface are reported. Intermediate and thin i-ZnO layers and Mo multilayer configurations combined with nanometric MoO2 layers are introduced at the back interface. Likewise, KMnO4/H2SO4 + Na2S aqueous solutions capable of removing ZnSe while passivating the absorber surface are successfully implemented.
The second part of this thesis focuses on the use of flexible and light-weight substrates alternative to conventional and rigid glass based ones. The use of these substrates add an extra value to the already mentioned advantages that kesterite accounts for. A biggest application niche, such as building integration photovoltaics (BIPV), portable consumer electronics, car chassis integration, space applications¿ etc., along with high throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) industrial manufacturing compatibility, could definitively ease kesterite commercialization.
SS foils have been used successfully in this work, producing the first CZTSe flexible device ever reported in the literature. This thesis includes a detailed optimization of Cr impurity diffusion barriers and Mo back contacts in order to minimize the detrimental effects of metallic substrate impurities in the devices performance.
Additionally, a comparison of different extrinsic alkali doping methods to effectively introduce Na and/or K in flexible and light-weight CZTSe solar cells is also reported. Na doped Mo targets (MoNa), SLG pieces introduced during the annealing, NaF and KF pre-absorber synthesis evaporation (PAS) and post deposition evaporation (PDT) were investigated. We report for the first time a detailed optimization for the use of MoNa layers combined with CZTS(e) technology. In regard to the K investigation, the work developed in this thesis can also be considered as pioneer in the field.
 Esta tesis se centra en el prometedor material semiconductor kesterita, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, conocido como CZTS(e), el cual se encuadra en la segunda generación de células solares, llamadas tecnologías fotovoltaicas de "capa fina". Este material está compuesto por elementos abundantes en la corteza terrestre, de bajo coste y baja toxicidad, por lo que atrae el interés tanto de la comunidad científica como de la industria. La kesterita podría llegar a reemplazar al semiconductor más conocido y ya comercializado CuIn(1-x)Gax(SySe1-y)2 (CIGS), ya que posee propiedades estructurales y optoelectrónicas similares, así como una arquitectura de dispositivo análoga, pero no depende de elementos más escasos en la corteza terrestre como son el In y el Ga. Para lograr su comercialización, la investigación en este campo debe incrementar su todavía baja eficiencia (12.6%), y llegar al valor requerido en torno al 15-18%. Con este objetivo, procesos específicos y "customizados" para tratar problemas importantes de esta tecnología, han de ser investigados e implementados. Por otra parte, el hecho de incrementar el potencial de penetración de la kesterita en el mercado fotovoltaico diversificando su rango posible de aplicaciones comerciales, puede ser también un estímulo atractivo e interesante para la industria. El presente trabajo se centra en la kesterita de selenio puro (CZTSe), usando un proceso secuencial sencillo y versátil consistente en "Sputtering" y recocido térmico reactivo para producir células de CZTSe. En lo que respecta al sustrato, se han usado dos tipos diferentes, vidrio convencional (soda lime glass) y hojas ligeras y flexibles de acero inoxidable. Por ello el marco en el que se divide la tesis está formado por dos partes interrelacionadas: La primera consiste en proponer nuevas técnicas de proceso "customizadas" para mejorar la eficiencia de los dispositivos de CZTSe, principalmente usando sustratos tradicionales de vidrio. Tres soluciones de proceso innovadoras han sido demostradas e incluidas en esta tesis. Dos de ellas se centran en la región crítica del contacto trasero de Mo, y la tercera se centra en la superficie del absorbedor. De este modo, dos maneras originales de controlar la descomposición de la interficie de contacto trasero y la generación excesiva de MoSe2 (sobreselenización) durante el recocido térmico, así como una ruta química para la pasivación de la superficie de CZTSe, son reportadas. Capas intermedias delgadas de i-ZnO y configuraciones multicapa de Mo combinadas con capas nanométricas de MoO2, se han introducido en la interficie trasera. Así mismo, soluciones acuosas de KMnO4/H2SO4 + Na2S capaces de remover ZnSe y pasivar al mismo tiempo la superficie de CZTSe, se han implementado satisfactoriamente. La segunda parte de esta tesis se centra en el uso de sustratos flexibles y ligeros, alternativos a los convencionales y rígidos de vidrio. Estos sustratos incrementan notablemente el nicho de aplicaciones de la kesterita, y son compatibles con procesos de manufacturado de alto rendimiento tipo "roll-to-roll", por lo que claramente contribuyen a facilitar su ambicionada comercialización. Hojas de acero inoxidable han sido utilizadas con éxito, produciendo el primer dispositivo flexible de CZTSe reportado en la literatura. Esta tesis incluye una optimización detallada de barreras de difusión de impurezas de Cr y contactos de Mo, evitando los efectos nocivos asociados a impurezas metálicas del sustrato en la eficiencia de los dispositivos. Adicionalmente, una comparativa de diferentes métodos extrínsicos de dopaje alcalino para introducir de manera efectiva Na y/o K en células ligeras y flexibles de CZTSe es estudiada también. Targets de Mo dopado con Na (MoNa), piezas de vidrio introducidas durante el recocido, evaporación pre-síntesis del absorbedor (PAS) y post-depósito (PDT) de NaF y KF, han sido investigados. Tanto el dopaje basado en MoNa como en K pueden ser considerados como pioneros en la tecnología.


Nonce eccentric shaft parameters of the new-type comber are different.Finding out the optimized value of eccentric shaft parameter has larger guidance significance in the new-type comber design.By computation the eccentric shaft parameters on comber are analyzed,and the optimization values of eccentric shaft parameter are achieved.The process performance between optimization project and nonce comber are compared.Conclusions indicates that optimization configuration has advantages on nipper opening-closing,cylinder carding and nipper pressing and so on.


This report has demonstrated techniques that can be used to construct solutions to the 3-D electromagnetic inverse problem using full wave equation modeling. To this point great progress has been made in developing an inverse solution using the method of conjugate gradients which employs a 3-D finite difference solver to construct model sensitivities and predicted data. The forward modeling code has been developed to incorporate absorbing boundary conditions for high frequency solutions (radar), as well as complex electrical properties, including electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. In addition both forward and inverse codes have been ported to a massively parallel computer architecture which allows for more realistic solutions that can be achieved with serial machines. While the inversion code has been demonstrated on field data collected at the Richmond field site, techniques for appraising the quality of the reconstructions still need to be developed. Here it is suggested that rather than employing direct matrix inversion to construct the model covariance matrix which would be impossible because of the size of the problem, one can linearize about the 3-D model achieved in the inverse and use Monte-Carlo simulations to construct it. Using these appraisal and construction tools, it is now necessary to demonstrate 3-D inversion for a variety of EM data sets that span the frequency range from induction sounding to radar: below 100 kHz to 100 MHz. Appraised 3-D images of the earth`s electrical properties can provide researchers opportunities to infer the flow paths, flow rates and perhaps the chemistry of fluids in geologic mediums. It also offers a means to study the frequency dependence behavior of the properties in situ. This is of significant relevance to the Department of Energy, paramount to characterizing and monitoring of environmental waste sites and oil and gas exploration.


A tool solution for deep hole machining was design by optimization.The solution was used in machining fix hole of cam axis which is a key part of an aeroengine case and machining experiences were got together for this type engine development.


The study was conducted to determine the carcass and internal organ characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing four different maize varieties. Twenty individually-housed, Large White pigs (12 males and 8 females) with an average initial body weight of 13.2 kg were allotted to four dietary treatments labeled, Local Normal maize (LNM), Imported Normal Yellow maize (INYM), Golden Jubilee maize (GJM) and Etubi maize (ETM) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The last two treatments were approved Quality Protein Maize (QPM) based diets. Each treatment was replicated five times, with a pig representing a replicate. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. Values for the final weight, dressing percentage, shoulder, loin, belly, thigh, carcass length, backfat thickness, head and trotters were statistically similar (P>0.05). However, the values for heart, liver, kidney and respiratory tract were statistically different (P>0.05). The values for the liver (LNM=1.34, IMYM=1.26, GJM=1.51 and ETM=1.52) and the kidney (LNM=0.20, IMYM=0.17, GJM=0.21 and ETM=0.20) were significantly higher in favour of QPM-based diets. The results showed that using GJM and ETM varieties could be more profitable due to premium price placed on liver and lean pork in Ghana.


The cosmological model of the expanding balloon in 4D-space (CM) delivers in interaction with a homogeneous vector field exactly Newton's law of gravitation with its 1/r-shape of the gravitational funnel. So far, the depth of space, W, in the 4-th spatial dimension can only be calculated using the theoretical approach of Feynman's radius of excess rex=a/3 with Schwarzschild-radius a. With this, the connection to the general theory of relativity (GR) is established, but the situation is unsatisfactory. In the present study, the possibilities of an experimental approach to the calculation of spatial depth, W, are explored. The only experimental approach so far is the bending of light on a central mass. We hypothesize in addition to the main effect φ = -4a/y, i.e., the angle of diffraction of a light beam on a heavy central mass in the distance y and with Schwarzschild-radius a, an additional effect close to the center of the form φC ~ -1/y4. This additional effect has on the edge of the central mass about 1/3 of the strength of the main effect. However, its influence disappears very quickly with increasing distance. For this reason the sun cannot be used as the central mass. The bright corona and the strong magnetosphere do not allow measurements close to the sun. However, ESA's GAIA mission puts the planet Jupiter at the center of interest. This spacecraft measures with extremely high precision the positions of billions of stars. Results of first data analyses have already been published. As a side effect - the application of the CM to small particles provides an indication that the radius of the electron could be in the order of 10-23 m.


Interaction between curcumin and liposomes, prepared from soy phosphatidylCholine (SPC), hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were separately investigated by way of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. 30 mol % cholesterol was used in combination with the phosphocholines in order to maintain the rigidity/fluidity of the bilayers. Curcumin was used as a model drug for its versatile medicinal properties. Size and zeta potential of the liposomes in the absence and presence of curcumin were recorded as a function of liposome concentration with an aim to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge on interaction mode. The effect of the size and electrostatic forces were insignificant in the interaction process. Increase in intensity along with progressive blue shift in both the absorption and emission spectra were observed with the increasing concentration of liposomes. Results suggest the incorporation of curcumin into less polar environment, i.e., onto the palisade layer of liposomes. Both the ground and excited state interaction constant of curcumin in SPC liposomes were found to be higher than HSPC which were even higher than DPPC. Binding constant, by means of absorption spectroscopic method, was evaluated at four different temperatures (298–323 K) to assess different thermodynamic parameters, viz., changes in the standard Gibbs free energy (G°), enthalpy (H°) and entropy (S°). Interaction processes were spontaneous as all the G° values were negative. Negative H° values revealed the exothermicity in binding process. Negative changes in the entropy values indicate the formation of organized assemblies between curcumin and the liposomes. Interaction between curcumin and the liposomes were enthalpy controlled process. Hydrogen bonding played a major role during the interaction. Fluorescence anisotropy (r) and lifetime (τ) values were measured to gain further insight on the curcumin-liposome aggregates. The highest value of r and τ for curcumin loaded in SPC liposomes further supported the binding constant results.


The occurrence of chronic diseases weakens the activity of the elderly and affects the nutritional status which exposes them to the risk of malnutrition as a result of poor health. The study aimed to assess the relation between nutritional status and chronic diseases among elderly at Assiut City. Subject and method: Descriptive cross sectional research design, Convenient sample were used in this study. The study was conducted on 1033 patients in outpatients' clinics at main Assiut university hospital. The study included two tools; the first included socio-demographic, medical history, nutritional habits and oral health, while the second mini-nutritional assessment scale. Results: 59.5% of the studied sample suffering from hypertension, while 36.5%, 37.4%of them had diabetes mellitus and orthopedic diseases respectively,and 65.1% of studied sample had mild Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).   Also 63.1% of studied sample at risk for malnutrition, and 30.7% were well-nourished. The study concluded that There were a significant relation between mini-nutritional assessment scale and different chronic diseases. The study Recommended that: Establish periodically nutritional assessment of elderly to identify at risk by using Mini-Nutritional Assessment scale and develop continuous health education program for elderly and their caregiver about nutritional need specifically with chronic diseases.


Objective
To investigate the changes of choroidal thickness in patients with retinitis pigmentosa(RP) and its effect on visual function.

Methods
37 patients with RP(62 eyes) and 30 healthy volunteers(60 eyes) as the control group were selected.The subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT) of eyes was detected by using optical coherence tomography(OCT) technology for enhanced depth imaging(EDI). The full-field ERG was performed, and the waveform changes of ERG were recorded.According to T32 or LVC program, the visual fields of RP eyes were examined, the mean sensitivity (MS), mean defect degree (MD) and loss variance (LV) were recorded.The correlations between variables were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis.

Results
The SFCT of RP patients was (218.7±62.8)μm, which of the control group was (291.5±54.1)μm, covariance analysis showed that there was no interaction between age and group(F=1.574, P=0.213), compared the two groups, the difference was statistically significant(t=7.347, P 0.05). The dark adaptation response waveform of 23 eyes reduced, 39 eyes had no waveform, there was no difference between SFCT in the waveform reduced and no waveform(P>0.05).24 eyes accepted T32 program examined, the MD, MS, LV and SFCT were (19.6±6.1)dB, (10.3±5.2)dB, (33.9±14.9)dB2 and (212.9±69.8)μm, respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the SFCT of eyes was negatively correlated with MD and LV(r=-0.502 and -0.687, all P<0.05), while was positively correlated with MS (r=0.551, P=0.005).38 eyes accepted LVC program examined, the MS and SFCT were (7.4±4.9)dB and (229.3±64.7)μm.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the SFCT of eyes was not correlated with MS (r=0.108, P=0.519).

Conclusion
The SFCT of RP patients is significantly reduced.But it is not related with the changes of full-field ERG waveform.The correlation with visual field examination is affected by eye condition of central vision.When central vision has less damage, SFCT can reflect central visual photographic ability.

Key words:
Retinitis, pigmentosa; Choroid; Vision Test


Various branches of science that study homo loquens, а talking man, have made an important contribution to the development of the term 'discourse'. It is obvious that most definitions have much in common. Firstly, discourse is realized in speech; secondly, it is formed in a wide communicative context as a result of interpersonal communication and interactions between people and society; and finally, discourse has significant impact on social and personal representations and can establish group norms. The paper discusses different approaches to discourse studies, including speech act theory, conversational analysis, discourse analysis, social and cognitive psychology. Special attention is paid to Intent-analysis which considers the basis of discourse as a hierarchy of its speech intentions and their different psychological determinants. These include interpersonal relationships, personality traits, social statuses, roles and the problems speakers solve in the communication process. Several terms related to discourse are given: discoursive practice, discoursive thinking, discoursive abilities etc. The urgent issues of discourse research such as the typology of discourses, the psychological impact and interpersonal interaction mechanisms connected to the various fields of the current reality are presented.


Side channel and fault attacks take advantage from the fact that the behavior of crypto implementations can be observed and provide hints that simplify revealing keys. These attacks use identical devices either for preparation of attacks or for measurements. By the preparation of attacks the structure and the electrical circuit of devices, that are identical to the target, is analyzed. By side channel attacks usually the same device is used many times for measurements, i.e. measurements on the identical device are made serially in time. Another way is to exploit the difference of side channel leakages; here two identical devices are used parallel, i.e. at the same time. In this paper we investigate the influence of the electrical circuit of a cryptographic implementation on the shape of the resulting power trace, because individualizing of circuits of cryptographic devices can be a new means to prevent attacks that use identical devices. We implemented three different designs that provide exactly the same cryptographic function, i.e. an ECC kP multiplication. For our evaluation we use two different FPGAs. The visualization of the routed design and measurement results show clear differences in the resources consumed as well as in the power traces.


Tactical media, as "media of crisis, criticism, and opposition" (Lovink & Garcia 1997), grow out of a long history of advocates for social change finding creative ways to poach on and produce media.


This paper reports work in progress within the European LISP conrnunlty on efforts to bring the LISP language to national and international standardization. The paper discusses the situation as seen by the authors and some of the conclusions that have been drawn.


This study assessed the effects of replacing dietary crude protein of soybean meal with tobacco leaf protein concentrate (TLPC) on growth, haematological and biochemical parameters of catfish, Clarias gariepinus juveniles. The catfish (n=126, mean weight = 31.77±0.07g) were arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replicates with 7fish per experimental unit and fed for 40days. The treatments were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% replacement levels of soybean meal with Tobacco leaf protein concentrate respectively.  Diets had negative effects (p > 0.05) on mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) across treatments. Fish in the control group recorded highest values for MWG (51.20±0.25g), SGR (2.40±0.01) and PER (2.48±0.02). Similarly, the best value for FCR (1.03±0.01) was recorded amongst the control group of fish. With the exceptions of WBC, NEUT, LYPH and MCV, significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded in the values of Packed cell volume, red blood cells, Haemoglobin, PLT, MCHC and MCH across diets. The biochemical parameters recorded no significant differences (p > 0.05) across treatments with the exceptions of CHO, HDL and LDL. Also, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the values of GSH, SOD, CAT and MDA across treatments. The poor growth performance coupled with reduced physiological activities of TLPC at different inclusion levels, confirmed that it could not favourably replace soybean meal however, TLPC enhanced the enzymatic antioxidant activities in the experimental fish, consequently improving the health status of C. gariepinus.


Abstract : The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the Nation's premier law enforcement organization responsible for gathering and reporting facts and compiling evidence in cases involving federal jurisdiction. It has broad jurisdiction in federal law enforcement and in national security, and is a statutory member of the U.S. Intelligence Community. From its official inception in 1908, the FBI's mission, jurisdiction, and resources have grown substantially in parallel with the real or perceived threats to American society, culture, political institutions, and overall security. In FY2003 the organization has approximately 26,000 employees, about 12,000 of whom are Special Agents. The FBI has had many successes in countering criminal and hostile foreign intelligence and terrorist activity in its storied history. However, in its zeal to protect U.S. national security, the FBI occasionally exceeded its mandate and infringed upon the protected rights of U.S. citizens. Currently, the FBI is undergoing a massive reorganization to shift its culture from reaction to crimes already committed to detection, deterrence and prevention of terrorist attacks against U.S. interests. The FBI continues to be a major domestic and international force in the war against terrorism. The FBI, one element of the U.S. Department of Justice, is led by a Director appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.


Organic semiconductors are emerging as promising candidates for novel electrically self‐sufficient photovoltaic prosthetics for neurostimulation, especially for restoration of light sensitivity in degenerate retina. Considering future applications, it is essential to gain fundamental insight into the signaling mechanisms at the organic photosensor–electrolyte–neuron interface. Particularly, targeting voltage‐gated ion channels by a pure photocapacitive stimulation is a preferred therapeutic approach as it avoids redox reactions involved in Faradaic charge injection. The present study investigates whether single neuroblastoma (N2A) cells, grown on a photosensor based on a small molecular squaraine:fullerene photoactive layer blend, optionally covered with silicon dioxide, can be activated by photocapacitive stimulation. Indeed, upon pulsed illumination, a rapid transient photocurrent strongly depolarizes the membrane potential and subsequently activates fast‐responding voltage‐gated sodium channels. The dielectric top coating on the organic layer ensures sufficient capacitive charge injection efficiency while maintaining the rapid response of the device. Due to the high irradiance level required for photocapacitive stimulation, another slower, independent, and unintended, nonelectrical signaling pathway is identified. This activates voltage‐gated potassium channels, presumably by photothermal effects. The present study provides the basis for further improvements on standalone photovoltaic neurostimulating platforms based on organic photoactive layers.


Compositional data on vacuum distillates of Bombay High Crude was generated by the combination of a number of separation techniques, IR and Mass spectrometry. Variation of compound types with the increase in boiling point of the distillates was also studied by analysing narrow boiling range cuts and average structural parameters estimated on compound type concentrates by 1 H n.m.r


Arduino and GSM based smart energy meters for advanced metering and billing system is able to read and send data via wireless protocol using GSM technology through GSM modem, capable of managing the meters as well as the line connections. For GSM module uses the network coverage of the SIM. Smart Energy Meter uses SMS or/and Wi-Fi to send the power/unit data to cloud, so that user can access the data room module Apps and websites. Using cutting edge technology smart energy meters will save money, labour, efforts and time and at the same time it will effectively monitor the electricity consumption, usage and fraud. It is safe and easy to use and user friendly. The metering system uses cheap components which will decrease the overall cost of the equipment increasing its affordability and penetration in non-metered areas.


Late-onset (also termed 'elderly-onset') epilepsy is usually defined when seizures first occur at the age of ≥65 years [1], although recent studies have adopted different age cutoffs [2]. Late-onset epilepsy deserves to be regarded as a distinct clinical entity with etiologies and clinical features different from those encountered in younger patients [2]. Together with stroke and dementia, epileptic seizures and epilepsy represent the commonest neurological disorders in the elderly. The incidence of epilepsy rises with increasing age, from 80.8/100 000/year in the general population to 135–175/ 100 000/year in the group older than 80 years [3]. With the continuing aging of the population, the number of older people presenting with seizures is set to increase further. Cerebrovascular disease and dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease, are the most common etiologies of late-onset epilepsy [4], alongside intracranial tumors and traumatic brain injury; acute symptomatic seizures, sometimes presenting as status epilepticus, occur frequently [5]. The risk of recurrence following a single unprovoked late-onset seizure depends on the underlying etiology: for instance, vascular epilepsy can be diagnosed after a first seizure occurring more than 7 days after the stroke [6], but this does not apply for elderly patients with a first unprovoked seizure and concomitant dementia [7]. Effective treatment of epilepsy in elderly patients requires considering the age-related changes that can influence the pharmacokinetics of antiseizure medications (ASMs). They include lower protein binding due to reduced albumin levels, impairment of hepatic metabolism, and decreased renal excretion [4]. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic properties of ASMs can be affected by age-related changes in receptor density and sensitivity [4]. Polypharmacy and the risk of drug-drug-interactions is also a major cause of concern in this population. Some ASMs can induce (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital) or inhibit (e.g., valproic acid) hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, affecting the metabolism of several concomitant drugs, including oral anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, statins, and antihypertensive agents [4]. Furthermore, enzyme-inducing ASMs can have detrimental metabolic effects by increasing surrogate atherogenic markers and reducing vitamin D levels and calcium uptake, leading to a higher risk of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis [8]. The use of some ASMs is associated with adverse effects that may negatively influence the quality of life and autonomy of elderly patients. The commonest or more clinically relevant adverse effects include sedation (carbamazepine, phenobarbital), dizziness (carbamazepine, phenobarbital), hyponatremia (oxcarbazepine, particularly if concomitantly administered with diuretics), impairment or worsening of cognitive functions (phenobarbital, topiramate, zonisamide), and cardiac conduction abnormalities (carbamazepine, lacosamide, oxcarbazepine phenytoin) [4]. Consequently, the choice of the initial ASM in elderly patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy should be made with caution, considering several pharmacological and clinical issues. In this special patient group, any ASM should be started at a slow dose and up-titrated gradually, paying special attention to comorbidities and comedications, and the occurrence of adverse effects [4]. In regulatory epilepsy trials, elderly patients are often underrepresented due to comorbidities, difficulties in recruitment, and problems in providing informed consent [2]. Furthermore, the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) specifically conducted in patients with late-onset epilepsy is extremely scarce because recruitment can be problematic and dropouts are frequent [9–14] (Table 1). Consequently, the evidence supporting the use of specific ASM for this indication is scarce and relies mainly on uncontrolled studies. In recent years, several ASMs have been developed and marketed. The efficacy and tolerability of monotherapy treatment of some of these ASMs (lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and gabapentin) have been assessed in RCTs with a non-inferiority design and using immediateor controlledrelease carbamazepine as comparator [9–14]. Overall, these ASMs showed similar seizure control but better tolerability compared to carbamazepine. A recent network meta-analysis of monotherapy RCTs conducted in late-onset epilepsy (total of 1425 patients) did not show statistically significant differences between the treatments in efficacy outcomes, although lacosamide, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam had the greatest likelihood ranking best for seizure freedom [15]. Conversely, this meta-analysis confirmed that carbamazepine (especially


Introduction Most surgeons utilize one of three axis options in conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the transepicondylar axis (TEA), Whiteside9s line (WSL) or the posterior condylar axis (PCA) with an external rotation correction factor. Each option has limitations and no clear algorithm has been determined for which option to use and when. Many surgeons believe the TEA to be the gold standard for determining rotation however it can be difficult to access intraoperatively. WSL and PCA have been used as surrogates for determining axial rotation in conventional TKA but may also be prone to error. MRI based preoperative planning systems overcome intraoperative limitations while accounting for the individual anatomy of each patient, thus helping optimize femoral component rotation. The goal of this study was to examine if coronal plane deformity had any effect on the relationship of conventional referencing options such as WSL and PCA to the TEA. Methods Utilizing a preoperative planning software based on MRI, we compared the preoperative posterior femoral condyle resections for three different axis options in 176 TKA. The difference in bone resection amount was used to determine the rotational differences between the axis options in all knees. Assuming that the TEA was the ideal rotational axis, we compared the TEA to both WSL and PCA. A 1-sample t-test and paired t-test were then used to determine if there was a significant rotational difference between the various axis options when accounting for degree and direction of preoperative deformity in the coronal plane. Results In the overall population of 176 knees (42 valgus, 134 varus), neither WSL or PCA approximated the TEA accurately (p=0.016 and 0.001). In valgus deformity, WSL was found to approximate the TEA (p=0.68) better than the PCA (p=0.21). Minor varus deformity ( 6 degrees) deformity favored use of PCA due to lower variability. For complete results see Figure 2. Conclusion Based on MRI data, our study indicates that preoperative coronal plane deformity should help determine the specific referencing option utilized for femoral component rotation in TKA. Broad application of either WSL or the PCA to all patients regardless of preoperative deformity did not accurately approximate TEA in femoral component rotation. Rather, analysis of the degree and direction of preoperative coronal plane deformity indicates that WSL and PCA should be used in specific scenarios to approximate the TEA. When WSL or PCA either both approximate or do not approximate the TEA, we recommend using the option with a lower standard deviation, and thus less variability. Although this MRI based technology is not in widespread use, we believe our findings (Figure 1) can assist the majority of surgeons determine when to use WSL or the PCA based on preoperative coronal plane deformity.


FIELD: medicine, in particular fluid composition useful as implant with controlled releasing of pharmaceutical agent. SUBSTANCE: claimed composition contains biodegradable thermoplastic polyester essentially insoluble in aqueous medium or body fluid. Composition also contains biocompatible polar aprotic solvent which is compatible with aqueous medium or body fluid in blendability and dispersability. Fluid composition also contains leuprolide acetate. Method for production of fluid composition also is disclosed. Invention also relates to solid biodegradable implant forming in situ in patient body after injection of fluid composition to patient. Said implant allows dissipation of biocompatible polar aprotic solvent. Invention also relates to kit. EFFECT: fluid resin compositions for leuprolide delivery of improved effectiveness providing decreased testosterone levels in body. 45 cl, 5 dwg, 7 tbl, 9 ex


1
Overview of the Immune System

2
Effects of Health Behaviors on Immune Outcomes

3
Stress, Depression, and Inflammation

4
Stress and Wound Healing

5
Stress and Infectious Agents

6
Summary

Keywords:

stress;
depression;
inflammation;
vaccine;
vaccination;
antibody response;
inflammatory response;
intervention;
stress reduction;
wound healing;
latent virus;
Epstein-Barr Virus;
cytomegalovirus;
upper respiratory infection;
psychosocial factors;
psychoneuroimmunology;
cytokines;
infectious illness


In the zero-error Slepian-Wolf source coding problem, the optimal rate is given by the complementary graph entropy $\bar H$ of the characteristic graph. It has no single-letter formula, except for perfect graphs, for the pentagon graph with uniform distribution G5, and for their disjoint union. We consider two particular instances, where the characteristic graphs respectively write as an AND product ∧, and as a disjoint union ⊔. We derive a structural result that equates $\bar H( \wedge )$ and $\bar H( \sqcup )$ up to a multiplicative constant, which has two consequences. First, we prove that the cases where $\bar H( \wedge )$ and $\bar H( \sqcup )$ can be linearized coincide. Second, we determine $\bar H$ in cases where it was unknown: products of perfect graphs; and G5 ∧ G when G is a perfect graph, using Tuncel et al.'s result for $\bar H({G_5} \sqcup G)$. The graphs in these cases are not perfect in general.


Minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) portrays an important role as part of the diagnostic criteria of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in the ACR/EULAR 2016 classification. Autoantibodies anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB embody part of these criteria. Patients with negative serology have been classified as pSS using MSGB outcomes in up to 40% of cases.Compare MSGB and serological characteristics between pSS positive biopsy versus pSS negative biopsy and sicca groups.174 subjects with sicca symptoms and MSGB biopsy were studied. Patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR 2016 criteria were classified as pSS. Serological profile: Rheumatoid factor (RF) (IgA, IgG and IgM), Anti La/SSB and Anti-Ro/SSA, available in 148 and 161 patients respectively, as well as histopathological characteristics of MSGB were recollected (Table 2).Table 1.Comparison between serological and histopathological characteristics in pSS and sicca groupsGroupsPositive biopsyn=95Negative biopsyn=47Siccan=32p1p2Age (years) mean, (SD)54.59 (11.69)50.17 (12.35)49.18 (12.74)0.42(0.43-0.45)0.78Female, n (%)92 (96.8)46 (97.87)32 (100)0.7790.58Serological profileRheumatoid factorIgA (%)26 (27.4)12 (25.5)4 (12.5)0.35(0.47-0.49)0.23IgM (%)47 (49.5)25 (53.19)7 (21.9)0.34(0.41-0.43)0.015IgG (%)13 (13.7)7 (14.8)1 (3.1)0.35(0.45-0.47)0.25Positivity Anti-Ro/SSA, n (%)47 (52.8)12 (30)2 (6.3)0.015(0.013-0.018)<0.05Positivity Anti-La/SSB, n (%)17 (19.77)3 (9.09)0(0)0.003(0.002-0.004)0.0191pof the comparison between pSS positive biopsy group vs pSS negative biopsy group2pof the comparison of the 3 groupsAnti-Ro/SSA: available in pSS biopsy positive group n=89, pSS negative biopsy group n=40Anti-La/SSB: available in pSS biopsy positive group n=86, pSS negative biopsy group n=33Table 2.Histopathologic characteristics and comparison in pSS and sicca groups.CharacteristicsPositive biopsyn=95Negative biopsyn=47Siccan=32p1p2Lobules, n (SD)12.45 (7.24)15.2 (9.95)11.84 (9.84)0.19 (0.13 0.15)0.43Foci, n (SD)3.23 (3.16)0(0)0(0)<0.05<0.05Atrophy, n (%)27 (28.4)9 (9.5)7 (21.9)0.0070.57Adipose infiltration, n (%)22 (23.2)12 (12.6)6 (18.8)0.12NADuctal dilatation, n (%)22 (23.2)8 (8.4)6(18.8)0.050.731pof the comparison between pSS positive biopsy group vs pSS negative biopsy group2pof the comparison of the 3 groupsComparison between subgroups according to biopsy status was performed. Differences between serology and MSGB were reported using Chi square, a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant95(54.59%) pSS patients with positive biopsy, 47 (27. 02%) pSS with a negative biopsy and 32 (18.39%) sicca patients were included.A positive serology profile (RF, Anti-Ro/SSA, Anti-La/SSB) was found more frequently in the pSS positive biopsy cohort when compared to the pSS negative biopsy and sicca groups (Table 1).Histopathological characteristics of MSGB are described in Table 2. Sicca group had more alterations when compared to pSS negative biopsy group.Histopathological alterations in MSGB (atrophy, adipose infiltration and ductal dilatation) can act as confounding data at biopsy interpretation since they were found in close prevalence in the pSS positive biopsy group and sicca group and should be carefully taken into account at diagnosis. A positive serologic profile was associated with more histopathological alterations in the positive biopsy group.[1]Wicheta S, Van der Groen T, Faquin W, August M. Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy—An Important Contributor to the Diagnosis of Sjögren Syndrome. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;75(12):2573-2578.None declared


Purpose/Objectives: To present clinical implementation and a method of quality assurance for a new HDR applicator of Strut‐Adjusted Volume Implant (SAVI) for partial breast irradiation. Materials/Methods: The SAVI applicator has multi‐peripheral struts that can be differentially loaded with the HDR source in order to achieve a conformai dose distribution to the lumpectomy cavity. The treatment plan is evaluated by a dose volume histogram (DVH) as follows: V90 > 90% or V95 > 95%, V150 < 50 cc, and V200 < 20 cc. Patients undergo a CAT scan guided simulation using an alpha cradle immobilization for reproducibility. The SAVI device status is verified using both 3D CTimages and imagefusion in addition to AP and lateral scout films. A self‐developed Java program based on the AAPM TG‐43 is used for the dose verification and uncertainty analysis. Results: Fifteen patients to date at Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland were treated with SAVI device. The dosimetric data demonstrate the achievements of greater than 90% (95%) coverage for V90 (V95) at an average value of 97.9% (96.3%) while keeping a low V150 at 34.9 cc and V200 at 16.5 cc. Potential uncertainty induced by the SAVI applicator motion is evaluated to be a 3% variation in dose either by a 3‐mm translation along the SAVI long axis or 3*deg; rotation from the SAVI applicator. Conclusion: The feature of multiple catheters of the SAVI applicator allows for optimal and conformai dose distribution around a lumpectomy cavity while minimizing the dose to adjacent normal structures such as skin and ribcage. Reproducible patient setup is important for assessing inter‐fraction motion of the SAVI applicator. Multiple methods of AP and lateral scout films, 3D images, and CTimagefusion are able to provide valuable information such as cavity variation, strut collapse or relative motion, and device shift.


s: Investigating the features and flow behavior and related component is one of the complex phenomena that make using of software inevitable. Groin is simple hydraulic component that used for organizing the rivers in bend or direct way and erosion control and protecting of shores. In this project by using Flow-3D software, the numerical model of flow pattern was prepared around a groin. This research with applying different model of turbulence flow, including various Froude numbers and by setting 4 L-shaped single groins with charging john angle in 4 situation of 30,45,60,75 degree related to flow direction in 180 degree bend and 18,20,22,25 lit/s discharges and constant depth of 12cm in clear water conditions, has studied the effect of these model on flow speed changes by second flow and vortex flow around groin. this investigation showed that range of maximum speeds and vortex flows and scouring were occurred in maximum amount in 75 and in minimum amount in 30.in different degrees with increasing Froude number, speed rate in groin head is also increased and scouring depth is also increased with increasing scouring depth. Numerical results are compared with other researcher studies in flow pattern field and scouring around L-shaped groin that hasn't well agreement.


A design of an optimal backstepping fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller for handling the trajectory tracking problem of wheeled mobile robots (WMR) is examined in this study. Tuning parameters is a challenging task, to overcome this issue a hybrid meta-heuristic optimization algorithm has been utilized. This evolutionary technique is known as the hybrid whale grey wolf optimizer (HWGO), which benefits from the performances of the two traditional algorithms, the whale optimizer algorithm (WOA) and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), to obtain the most suitable solution. The efficiency of the HWGO algorithm is compared against those of the original algorithms WOA, GWO, the particle swarm optimizer (PSO), and the hybrid particle swarm grey wolf optimizer (HPSOGWO). The simulation results in MATLAB–Simulink environment revealed the highest efficiency of the suggested HWGO technique compared to the other methods in terms of settling and rise time, overshoot, as well as steady-state error. Finally, a star trajectory is made to illustrate the capability of the mentioned controller.


An overlayed-modulation technique is introduced to increase flexibility and bit rate per carrier wavelength in access networks. FSK/OOK-experimental results realizing 20&30 Gbit/s, up to 40 km fiber transmission, loss budget >30 dB underline the potential.


Resistance to the occlusal wear of the composite resins for posterior use was investigated by using the new measuring method described in the previous paper. Sixty-seven Class I molar cavities were restored with Clearfil Bond System-F (CF) as anterior resin, with Clearfil Posterior (CP), K-G Composite Resin (KG) and GC Microrest Jar Type (MJ) as posterior resin and with Shof u Spherical-D (SD) as amalgam.The degree of the occlusal wear of the restorations was mainly estimated at 6-month intervals after the insertion up to the two-year period. The wear surface was also observed by the SEM images on the replicas.The findings obtained were follows:1. The amount of the occlusal wear of the various restorations was 2 μm/year with the SD, 4 μm/year with the MJ, 13 μm/year with the KG, 16 μm/year with the CP and 40 μm/year with the CF.2. The MFR resorations were the severest, when they were in close occlusal contact.3. The worn surface was the roughest with the CF, followed in order by KG, CP, MJ and SD.4. Correlation between the cavity width and the amount of wear of the composite resins was not observed.5. The restorations are generally considered to be subjected to the repeated abrading stress by the food fibril during the chewing process.


This paper introduces the operation principle of DDoS ( Distributed Denial of Service) attacking and the Sniff. Then give a method (in LAN) that was used in the Controled Host to prevent themselves from DDoS attacking actions. And this method is based on sniffing technique.


According to the demand of seawater desalination control system,this paper introduces a method to establish a platform used in intelligent control technology research.It includes three aspects:three-level distributed network structure construction,modular hardware configuration,and software communication unit development.The platform provides a good development environment for carrying out key control technology optimization study.Based on the platform,30 t/d desalination control system developes and works well.


Background: To compare the real-world performance of visual inspection with acetic acid and with Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI), cytology and careHPV DNA assay in rural China performed by local health providers.
Methods: Eligible women living in rural areas in Xinmi County, Henan Province were invited to participate in cervical cancer screening program. Enrolled women were randomized into 3 intervention arms, screened by VIA/ VILI, pap smears, and careHPV assay respectively. Women had positive primary screening results were referred to colposcopy and/or biopsy. All the clinical and lab work was performed by local health providers. The final diagnoses of histopathology were based on the diagnosing of a senior histopathology expert from Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Questionnaires about the knowledge and attitudes towards the HPV and the screening program of the health providers at village clinics were collected.
Results: 894 women had careHPV DNA test, 552 underwent VIA/VILI and 547 had Pap smears. The positive rates for careHPV assay, VIA/VILI and Pap smears were 10.6%, 18.1%, and 4.9% respectively (χ2=48.647, P<0.001). The overall CIN2+ detection rate was 0.5%, the CIN2+ detection rate for the three arms were not significantly different (0.7% for careHPV assay, 0.5% for VIA/VILI, 0.2% for pap smear, χ2=1.648, P=0.439). The knowledge of the health providers about HPV, HPV assay in screening was unsatisfactory. However, their attitudes about implementing HPV assay into the national program were positive.
Conclusion: Implementing careHPV assay in low resource settings and performed by simply trained lab personnel is feasible. For large population screening program, extensive training and good quality control are needed to improve the quality. Education for implementing HPV assay in local health providers are needed.


There is increasing evidence that diabetes mellitus and its complication diabetic ketoacidosis confer an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism is the most serious venous thromboembolic event that is rarely reported in association with diabetic ketoacidosis. We report a case of saddle pulmonary embolism that presented simultaneously with diabetic ketoacidosis. Though radiologically massive, saddle pulmonary embolism does not confer any difference in management decisions or prognosis from other forms of pulmonary embolism. It is important to appreciate the relation between diabetic ketoacidosis and venous thromboembolism in order to further evaluate the need for prophylactic anticoagulation and to increase the suspicion and recognition of venous thromboembolic events in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.


Let X be a compact Kahler manifold of dimension n. Let G be a group of zero entropy automorphisms of X. Let G0 be the set of elements in G which are isotopic to the identity. We prove that after replacing G by a suitable finite-index subgroup, G/G0 is a unipotent group of derived length at most n-1. This is a corollary of an optimal upper bound of length involving the Kodaira dimension of X. We also study the algebro-geometric structure of X when it admits a group action with maximal derived length n-1.


Smart grids can help Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) manage their load in a grid-friendly way. In this paper, we consider the case of PEVs participating in a retail double auction electricity regulation market, as in the so-called "transactive control" paradigm. Price-responsive charging of PEVs is modeled in conjunction with real-time retail price signals from the utility. PEVs can defer charging or even discharge when the retail prices are high. Buy and sell reservation prices are based on expectations of future prices and opportunity costs of sold energy, respectively. Feeder capacity constraints also affect the retail price and are allowed to rise to the point at which supply equals demand. For the most advanced charging strategies, as the price rises, demand from PEVs drops, and if the constraint causes further price increases, the PEVs can begin to supply energy. The results show that when rooftop solar energy is available transactive bid-response vehicle charging strategies significantly enhance short-term electricity demand elasticity and can reduce consumer energy costs by more than 75% in comparison to the unresponsive charge case.


Methods such as literature survey,interviews with experts and induction have been adopted to look at the different spelling forms of Tai Ji Quan appeared in books of foreign language editions published at home and abroad.This study suggests that it is appropriate to use the pinyin version Tai Ji Quan combined with Tai Chi Chuan,the spelling system of Wade-Giles that is better recognized in overseas countries.The study also suggests that whether the translation version of Tai Ji Quan is Wade-Giles of historical continuity or pinyin that announces Chinese local culture,they both feature a cultural integration of Chinese and Western cultures instead of conflicts rising from differences of the two cultures.The discussion and research on the translation of Tai Ji Quan aim to promote dialogue and exchange between Chinese and Western cultures,enabling both parts to learn from each other and jointly improve the cultural character of one's own.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the human brain are now attaining larger sample sizes with more diverse samples. However, population stratification, a key factor driving heterogeneity and confounding of associations, is seldom accounted for in neuroimaging analyses. To investigate this issue, we assessed the impact of population stratification on multimodal imaging measures using baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) StudySM (n = 10,748). Given this sociodemographically diverse sample, which broadly reflects the population composition of the United States, we performed a thorough evaluation of the impact of population stratification on derived neuroimaging metrics across five different imaging modalities: task functional MRI (task fMRI), resting state functional MRI (rsMRI), diffusion tensor images (DTI), restricted spectrum images (RSI), and structural T1 MRI (sMRI). We used parental income level as an example to highlight the impact of population stratification in confounding brain-wide associations. We show that derived metrics from structural images have up to three times more signal related to population stratification than do functional images. Controlling for population stratification in statistical models leads to a substantial reduction in the association strength between variables of interests and imaging measures, indicating the scale of potential bias. Moreover, because of unequal access to resources (such as income) across ancestral groups in United States, population stratification effects on imaging features may bias associations between parental income levels and imaging features, as we demonstrate. Our results provide a guide for researchers to critically examine the impact of population stratification and to assist in avoiding spurious brain-behavior associations. Highlights Here, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the confounding impact of population stratification in large-scale imaging studies. Morphological features from structural imaging appear to be more susceptible to the confounding effects of population stratification than do functional imaging features. The population stratification tends to inflates the association strengths between the variable of interest and imaging features. When the variable of interest is highly colinear with the population stratification, such as income levels, brain associations cannot be differentiated and may be misattributed as mediating effects. It is critical to account for population stratification in imaging analyses.


Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the antifertility effect of N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions from C. papaya leaves on sperm motility in male Wistar rats. Method : Twenty four rats used in this study. Rats were devided into 4 groups : normal group and Carica papaya fraction group (N-hexane; ethyl acetate; and water). Rats were given Carica papaya fractions at dose 0.4 g/ Kg BW rat/day for 20 days). Carica papaya leaves were extracted by ethanol and did fractionation by liquid-liquid methods. Results and Discussion : The results of this study were N-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions significantly (P<0.05) produced decreased in sperm motility compered with normal group. The decresed Carica papaya fractions (N-hexane, ethyl acetate and water) were 33 %, 65%, and 75% respectively. Conclusion : Carica papaya fractions (N-hexane, ethyl acetate and water) have antifertility effect on sperm motility.


Hosted by the Department of Theology at the University of Lund, May 4–7, 2001, this conference reversed the perspective of the previous one, which studied Buddhist perceptions of Jesus. In the event, a strong Buddhist presence from Europe, Thailand, and Japan ensured that distinctive, even conflicting Buddhist views of Christianity were represented at the Lund conference. But there were also some impressive attempts by Christians to come to terms with the history of the relationship and its implications for theology. A feature of the conference was personal testimonies to lives transformed by awareness of other traditions. Eshin Nishimura described his "Zen way—with Christians," starting with his contacts with Quakers in postwar Japan and America. In an extremely interesting and controversial session, Sulak Sivaraksa of Thailand and Reimyo Tierelinckx, a Belgian living the life of a Zen nun in Dortmund, Germany, disagreed about those aspects of Christianity that are actually relevant to Buddhism: social action or contemplation? In his Christian response, Jacques Scheuer emphasized the "always already, always now" character of grace and the eschatological perspective of "Christ ahead of us" as a fundamental contrast, while Asa Egner pointed out the difference between salvation without self-interest and the "god" of capitalism. There were also examples of how Buddhism is understood by Christians in specific contexts. Sulak Sivaraksa recalled the intolerance of the missionaries in Thailand, who assumed they had a monopoly on truth and morality and were "not comfortable with differences." On the other hand, they stimulated renewal in the Theravada sangha and forced Buddhists to confront structural violence. Kosuke Koyama, who was one of those missionaries, said he became more relaxed about living in spacetime as the coordinates of divine-human encounter, but questioned whether dependent coorigination and the Buddhist emphasis on psychology leave enough room for a sense of history. Yet Buddhism too requires that we make an effort to "put out the fire," which in today's context should lead to a hermeneutic of ethical action. Eshin Nishimura told how Buddhism, even before it reached Japan, had begun to conceive of the Buddha as an absolute being transcending time and space who was to be worshipped as a savior. He startled participants by speaking of "the secret reason why


;and it is therefore of greater importance that a sailor or engine-driver should be able to perceive -them. The third class contains persons who are able to -distinguish colours easily when they are close to, but fail -to distinguish them at a distance owing to the nerve fibres -supplying the central portion of the retina being impaired. As a light at a distance occupies the central portion of the -visual field it is essential that the corresponding portion of the retina should be normal. There are cases of central scotoma for colours with perfect form vision; these would, -therefore, not be detected by the test for visual acuity. This class also includes those who, without having a scotoma, are unable to distinguish between colours at the normal distance when the image on the retina is diminished in size. The lantern shown has been constructed conformably with the requirements and facts of colour blindness. All -the facts of colour blindne#s have been considered in constructing the lantern.


Hybrid treatments consisting of surface modification and subsequent protective coatings have gained extensive attention among corrosion mitigation approaches for a wide variety of structural metallic materials. This study aims to review the enhancement of the corrosion protection performance of polyurethane (PU) coatings on 316L stainless steel (SS) specimens. This was achieved via a two-step strategic treatment, primarily by electrochemical passivation and subsequent deposition of PU composite coatings with the different feed ratio of synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles. The effect of different applied voltage on the surface features and the corrosion behavior of the passivated SS surfaces was systematically investigated using surface characterization techniques and a potentiodynamic polarization test in a NaCl solution. Surface morphological images revealed the porous structure on the passivated surface. It is inferred from the topographical surface results that homogeneous surface roughness was achieved with the applied voltage of 5 V. Infra-red spectroscopic results validate the formation of PU/PPy composite coatings and the intermolecular chemical interaction between the PU and PPy moieties. Furthermore, corrosion measurements corroborate the improved corrosion resistance of PU/30PPy coatings with higher values of charge transfer resistance, Rct (1.0869 × 107 Ω cm2), and film resistance, Rf (2.258 × 105 Ω cm2), with the lowest values of corrosion, icorr (4.7 × 10−3 µA cm−2) compared to that of the PU/Bare specimen. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the passivated surface enhances the corrosion resistance performance of PU coated SS, and this performance is further increased with the incorporation of PPy particles.


Abstract Background Two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) has been proposed for patients with bilateral liver tumours who have a high risk of posthepatectomy liver failure after one-stage hepatectomy (OSH). This study aimed to determine the outcomes of TSH for extensive bilateral colorectal liver metastases. Patients and methods A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of liver resections for colorectal liver metastases was conducted. The TSH group was compared to the OSH group in terms of perioperative outcomes and survival. Case-control matching was performed. Results A total of 632 consecutive liver resections for colorectal liver metastases were performed between 2000 and 2020. The study group (TSH group) consisted of 15 patients who completed TSH. The control group included 151 patients who underwent OSH. The case-control matching-OSH group consisted of 14 patients. The major morbidity and 90-day mortality rates were 40% and 13.3% in the TSH group, 20.5% and 4.6% in the OSH group and 28.6% and 7.1% in the case-control matching-OSH group, respectively. The recurrence-free survival, median overall survival, and 3- and 5-year survival rates were 5 months, 21 months, 33% and 13% in the TSH group; 11 months, 35 months, 49% and 27% in the OSH group; and 8 months, 23 months, 36% and 21%, respectively, in the case-control matching-OSH group, respectively. Conclusions TSH used to be a favourable therapeutic choice in a select population of patients. Now, OSH should be preferred whenever feasible because it has lower morbidity and equivalent oncological outcomes to those of completed TSH.


This study gauged in determining students' error in solving math problems. The root of the problem was most of the error patterns are due to lack of understanding and transformation skills in solving word problems. To circumvent this scenario, the researchers want to investigate the diverse errors of the students through the use of Newman Error Analysis method. Student self-assessment method was used for them to evaluate their errors and make their modifications for them to reflect and to sustain their mathematical skills whenever they encounter various number problems. The quasi-experimental design without a control group was utilized. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics: percentage and frequency. The average pretest and posttest scores of the 179-students participating in the action research project were 4.66 and 8.54 respectively. Therefore, the research shows that there is a marked increase of 3.88 in the pretest and posttest scores of students' after their exposure to the treatment. This study supports the previews work that showed that student self-assessment is extremely useful in helping students remediating their math errors. To sustain the learning goals of the students, it should be properly facilitated to come up with a fruitful learning process. Keywords-Mathematics Education, student self-assessment method, Newman error analysis, quasi- experimental design, Surigao City, Philippines


L-Canavanine competes with L-arginine for incorporation into vitellogenin secreted in vitro by the fat body of the female locust Locuata migratoria migratorioides. Incorporation of L-[guanidinooJ-'4C]canavanine into vitellogenin has been established unequivocally by combined arginase and urease hydrolyses of the acid hydrolysate of antibody-precipitated canavanyl vitellogenin. Continued exposure of the fat body to canavanine decreases in vitro protein secretion but the proportion of canavanyl vitellogenin to native vitellogenin increases. Canavanine-mediated inhibition of fat body protein secretion is dependent on both the canavanine concentration and the arginine retention by the fat body. Canavanine replaces about 10% of the arginyl residues of canavanyl vitellogenin. The electrophoretic mobility ofcanavanyl vitellogenin is greater than that of native vitellogenin but the ability of this aberrant protein to react with vitellogenin antibody is unimpaired. Vitellogenins are female-specific extraovarian proteins synthesized by all egg-laying animals. In insects, vitellogenin is produced in the fat body, a tissue bearing many similarities to vertebrate liver. Vitellogenin is secreted into the hemolymph, transported to the developing oocytes, and sequestered ultimately as storage protein in the egg yolk (for review see ref. 1). The crucial importance ofvitellogenin production and secretion to egg maturation and subsequent embryonic nutrition warrants its detailed investigation because any disruption in vitellogenesis severely impedes normal reproduction. We have described the experimental variables for optimal synthesis and secretion by isolated locust fat body of the major plasma proteins, including vitellogenin (2, 3). We have demonstrated linear incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into fat bodies of vitellogenic females and secretion of vitellogenin for several hours by them and that this process in vitro approaches the rate of synthesis in vivo. In this communication, we describe an investigation of the effect on vitellogenesis of L-canavanine, a nonprotein amino acid present in certain leguminous plants and highly toxic to various phytophagous insects and other herbivores (4, 5). The principal basis for the toxicity of L-canavanine resides in its structural analogy to arginine; in some systems, this results in its activation by the arginyl-tRNA synthetase ofnonproducing organisms (6, 7), and its subsequent incorporation into the nascent polypeptide chain. Several plant and animal species have been shown to incorporate canavanine into their proteins, but a specific eukaryotic protein, proven to contain canavanine, has not been isolated or studied with regard to the biological and biochemical manifestations of arginine replacement by canavanine. Isolated and cultured Locusta fat body is particularly suitable for the study of the effect of canavanine on protein synthesis under experimental conditions approximating in vivo protein production. Moreover, if significant canavanine is incorporated into vitellogenin, then a means is available for testing the effect of canavanine incorporation on the biological activity of the anomalous protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. [3H]Leucine (37.9 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 3.7 X 1010 becquerels) was obtained from the Atomic Energy Commission Nuclear Research Centre (Negev, Israel); DL-[guanidinooxy14C]canavanine (52.3 mCi/mmol) was from Schwarz/Mann (Orangeburg, NJ). Urease (type IX, 5.26 units/mg), arginase (bovine liver, 60 units/mg), and the remaining reagents were supplied by Sigma. L-Canavanine was isolated from jack bean seeds by the method of Rosenthal (8). Animals. Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R & F) were bred and maintained under crowded conditions with constant illumination. They were fed grass and flaked oats. In Vitro Protein Synthesis by the Locust Fat Body. Fat bodies (0.9-3.1 mg ofprotein) were removed from freshly sacrificed female locusts and washed with arginine-free incubation medium. This medium was based on the formula ofLandureau and Grellet (9) except for the presence of 0.5 mM leucine and 50 mM sodium N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycinate (Tricine), pH 7.2, and the exclusion of arginine. The fat body was divided into two portions, and each segment placed in a vial containing 0.5 ml of sterilized incubation medium. The standard protocol consisted of depleting the fat body of arginine by incubation in arginine-free medium for 6 hr at 30°C (after 3 hr, the tissues were transferred to fresh incubation medium for the final 3 hr). The arginine-depleted fat bodies were then placed in fresh incubation medium containing 5 ,uCi of [3H]leucine for 3 hr. Production of secreted protein was determined by transferring 25-,1 samples of the incubation medium to squares ofWhatman 3MM filter paper and trapping the precipitated macromolecules according to the method of Mans and Novelli (10). The radiolabeled soluble protein retained in the fat body was evaluated by homogenizing the incubated fat body tissues in a 1-ml ground glass homogenizer. The resulting suspension (2 ml) was clarified by centrifugation at 12,000 X g for 10 min; floating debris was removed by filtration, and 25-,ul * Present address: Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Animal Sciences, P.O.B. 6, Bet Dagan 50-200, Israel. t Present address: T. H. Morgan School of Biological Sciences and the Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506. 5480 The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natd Acad. Sci. USA 78 (1981) 5481 samples ofthe supernatant solution were processed as described above. Radioactivity was determined by toluene-based liquid scintillation spectroscopy. The term"secreted protein" denotes all proteins determined to be in the incubation medium at the time of sample withdrawal. The extent to which protein secretion into the culture medium is mediated by an active transport process as compared to simple "leakage" has not been determined. Canavanine Incorporation Studies. Five fat body samples were depleted of arginine for 6 hr according to the standard protocol and then transferred to fresh arginine-free medium containing 2 /Ci ofDL-[guanidinooxy-`4C]canavanine for a final 3 hr. Secreted proteins from 2.0 ml of the pooled sample (2.5 ml) were precipitated with an equal vol of 30% (wt/vol) trichloroacetic acid after the addition of 5 mg of carrier bovine serum albumin. The precipitate was washed four times with 5% (wt/vol) trichloroacetic acid; centrifugations were at 20,000 X g for 15 min. The final supernatant solution lacked free canavanine. Finally, the washed pellet was hydrolyzed with 6 M HC1 under nitrogen for 24 hr at 110'C; HC1 was removed by lyophilization. After the hydrolyzed proteins were dissolved in 2 ml ofdeionized water, one-half was applied to a 6 x 70 mm column of Dowex-50 in the NH4' form. Little radioactivity appeared in the effluent obtained from the thoroughly washed resin; 0.25 M NH40H was used to develop the column. This procedure effectively separated arginine from canavanine (8). The first 1 ml of the effluent was discarded; the next three fractions, encompassing nearly all of the eluted radioactivity, were pooled. The pooled effluent (3 ml) was diluted 1:4 with 100mM sodium N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycinate at pH 7.6 and 1-ml samples were placed into 25-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. These flasks were sealed with a rubber septum supporting a small plastic center well containing a folded piece of Whatman 3MM filter paper impregnated with 5 drops of Hyamine hydroxide. A solution containing 4 mg ofarginase and 4 mg ofurease in the same buffer was activated for 30 min at 37°C with 2.5 mM MnCl2. The metal-activated enzyme solution (1 ml) was injected into the reaction vessel which was maintained at 37°C for at least 12 hr. Then, 2 ml of 2 M HC1 was injected into each flask to terminate the reaction and purged the dissolved '4Co2 derived from the metabolism of labeled canavanine. The evolved radioactive CO2, sequestered in the Hyamine hydroxide-laden filter paper, was measured by toluene-based liquid scintillation spectroscopy. In this procedure, arginase mediates the hydrolytic cleavage ofL-[guanidinooxy-'4C]canavanine to L-canaline and ['4C]urea. Urease, in turn, converts labeled urea to ammonia and 4C02. In this way, all of the labeled CO2 released by enzymatic hydrolyses of the arginine-free hydrolysate could only have emanated from L-canavanine incorporated into fat body-produced protein. Incorporation of radioactive canavanine specifically into vitellogenin was established by complexing this protein with antibody prepared against oocyte vitellin (3). Immunoprecipitation of this secreted protein was achieved by treating 0.1 ml of the pooled incubation mixture with an equal volume of the antiserum for 1 hr at 37°C. After 30 min incubation, carrier antigen was added. Ths mixture was kept overnight at 4°C and then centrifuged at 10,000 x g for 10 min. Precipitation of the vitellogenin was confirmed by gel electrophoresis of the supernatant solution. Free unlabeled arginine in the fat body was determined as described by Bieleski and Turner (11). Electrophoresis and Amino Acid Analysis. The electrophoretic procedures and the methods for processing the gels have been described (3). Secreted proteins were prepared for amino acid analysis by exhaustive dialysis of the incubation medium against 0.4 M NaCl. Complete removal of free canavanine was ensured by monitoring the disappearance ofexogenous norleucine; dialysis was continued until norleucine was no longer detectable. Canavanine-treated fat bodies were rinsed clean of external canavanine and homogenized in 0.4 M NaCl. The resulting homogenates were clarified by centrifugation at 12,000 x


The flow of polypropylene, nylon 6,6, and 33-percent glass-fiber-filled nylon 6,6 into a tensile bar mold was investigated. Pressures needed to fill the cavity and runner system were measured as a function of fill time and melt temperature. The experimental results were compared to pressures predicted using the Moldflow flow-analysis programs. Correlation between experimental and predicted pressures was good provided that accurate input data to the computer programs were used. The choice of runner diameter in the approximation of the irregular shaped runner of this tensile bar mold was found to be important, since the runner length was approximately 40 percent of the total flow length. Material properties of particular importance were thermal conductivity, viscosity, and no-flow temperature (the temperature at which the resin will no longer flow). Viscosity/shear rate/temperature data are needed for the computer programs and two methods of obtaining the data were examined: an Instron capillary rheometer and a capillary nozzle on an injection-molding machine. Good agreement between the two methods was found for polypropylene over a shear rate range of 100 to 10,000 s−1. Only the injection-molding capillary nozzle could be used for the nylon- and glass-filled nylon due to the thermal degradation that occurred in the Instron rheometer.


This paper presents an FPGA-based real-time acoustic features extraction method based on MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients). The proposed system enables automatic audio indexing of broadcast data from the European standard Frequency Modulation (FM) radio band. Using modelbased design approach that reduces overall design time, we successfully implemented it on Virtex 6 FPGA clocked at more than 150 MHz. The experiments have shown on one hand, a high accuracy between the FPGA-based MFCC calculation and its Matlab-based reference model, and on the other hand, nearly similar result when used in music genre classification with sequential patterns mining techniques. Furthermore, the proposed system satisfies real-time requirements and is suitable for applications in embedded systems. Results are also discussed regarding operating frequencies and resources utilization.


The Hianana Volcanics consist of bedded tuff and dacitic lava that form a locally mappable unit within the extensive, Late Permian silicic volcanic sequence of northeastern New South Wales. Principal components of the bedded tuff are crystal and volcanic lithic fragments ranging from coarse ash to lapilli, accompanied by variable amounts of fine ash matrix. Well denned plane parallel thin bedding is characteristic. Sandwave bed forms, including low‐angle cross‐beds and wavy beds, are confined to an area of 2–3 km2 coinciding with the thickest sections (70 m) of bedded tuff. A high‐aspect ratio flow of porphyritic dacitic lava overlies the bedded tuff in the same area. The setting, lithofacies, extent and geometry of the bedded tuffs of the Hianana Volcanics are comparable with modern tuff rings which are composed of the deposits from base surges generated by explosive phreatomagmatic eruptions at primary volcanic vents. Many of these have also discharged lava late in their activity. Proximal parts of the ...


The post-Lower Permian succession of the Perth Basin and Westralian Superbasin can be directly related to the plate tectonic evolution of the Gondwanan Super-continent. In the Late Permian to Albian the northern edge of Gondwana continued to break into microplates that migrated to the north and were accreted into what is today the southeastern Asia (Burma–China) region. These separation events are recorded as a series of stratigraphically distinct transgressions (corresponding to the initial stretching of the asthenosphere and acceleration of subsidence rates) followed by rapid regressions (when new oceanic crust was emplaced in thinned continental crust causing uplifts of large continental masses). Because the events are synchronous across large regions, and may be identified from specific log and seismic signatures, the intensity of stratigraphically related transgressive/regressive cycles varies, depending on the distance from the break-up centres and these cycles allow the identification of regionally significant megasequences even in undrilled areas. The tectonic evolution and resulting stratigraphy can be described by eight plate tectonic events: Visean (Carboniferous) break-up of the southeastern Asia (Simao, Indochina and South China); Kungurian (uppermost Early Permian) break-up of Qiangtang and Sibumasu; Lowermost Norian uplift due to Bowen Orogeny in eastern Australia; Hettangian break-up of Mangkalihat (northeastern Borneo); Oxfordian break-up of Argo/West Burma, and Sikuleh (Western Sumatra); Kimmeridgian break-up of the West Sulawesi microplate; Tithonian break-up of Paternoster-Meratus (central Borneo); and Valanginian break-up of Greater India/India. These events should be identifiable in all Australian Phanerozoic basins and beyond, potentially providing a template for a synchronisation of the Permian to Early Cretaceous stratigraphy.