The necessary factor, enabling to set mutual understanding in the process of treatment, is cooperation between the doctor and the patient. Cooperation is considered by us as а purposeful process of interaction between the doctor and the patient, being in subject-subject relationships, to have a mutual effective result. These relationships are connected with positive activity of the parties participating in process of treatment. It should be noted that cooperation in the process of treatment must be based on the following principles: flexibility, uninterruption, tolerance and taking into account mutual interests. Some criteria of this cooperation are specified be as: resultativeness (objective criterion), rationality, value attitude and the criterion of corresponding (subjective criterion).


Design Process Due to a shortened design development period of only four weeks, we started with several rough prototype sets, built and animated in 3D Studio Max. From this selection, we could move quickly toward the single composite set that supplied all of the necessary parameters for the scope of the show. Over the next two weeks, daily animations were created on the model, as we developed the textures and animated parts that would support the tone and overall visual impact that the scenic required. Decisions regarding animated textures, video feeds, and other real-time performance factors had to be balanced with design characteristics required to accommodate the overall look. When the director joined the team in the third week, further changes were made to the set to accommodate the camera angles and talent blocking. Almost all of the final shots seen in the broadcast footage, were prepared and rendered to a beta test tape and hard copy for viewing by the entire team. This heavy pre-production visualization was considered necessary because we only had one day to complete the shoot.


Job satisfaction refers to one's approaches towards one's job. If the employees expectations are fulfilled (or) the employees get higher than what he/she feels satisfied. The main objective of this research is to study the theoretical framework of job satisfaction in banking sector employees and to analyses the job satisfaction of bank employees in Periyapatna. In this article we taken the 100 respondance as a simple size of bank employees and 5 hypothesis are taken in this research like age, gender, qualification, income and experience, among these hypothesis 3 hypothesis are accepted and remaining hypothesis are rejected.


Aim To observe the effect of losec plus thrombin on upper digestive tract bleeding after intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods 44 patients with upper digestive tract bleeding after introcerebral hemorrhage were divided into two groups(losec plus thrombin group and ranitidine plus thrombin group).Results The efficiency of losec plus thrombin group was 85.7%,and was significantly higher than that of ranitidine plus thrombin group(P0.05).Moreover,there was no significant side effect.Conclusion There was a good effect on upper digestive tract bleeding after introcerebral hemorrhage treated by losec plus thrombin.losec plus thrombin is a safe and valuable method.


This dissertation uses the case study of the Wakatobi Marine National Park to demonstrate the issues faced by management over marine resources. Research explores constitutional reform that Indonesia has been subject to in this Reform era, and the implications of this as a precursor for co-management initiatives in the region. Resource users from ethnic groups in the park are surveyed to analyze their capacity to collaborate together and in conjunction with local government. User attitudes to management and resources are paramount to new management initiatives with their full support required for success.


A novel radar energy control strategy based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) tracking method is presented in this paper, which controls the radiated power of radar according to predicted tracking Cramér-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB). Firstly, the computation model of the CRLB as the relation model between the radiated power and the tracking performance is built. Secondly, the power control method is presented according to the model, and the power which leads the closest result to the desired CRLB will be chosen as the radiated power. The tracking accuracy and Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) performance are demonstrated in the Monte Carlo simulations. The results are validated through the comparison with other methods.


Nowadays school centred training,as a theory and a system in furtber education of teachers from primary and secondary schools,has been paid special attention to.What's more,it gives a great challenge to college training.In order to keep energetic and alive,college training should promote self-examination and self-adaptation.


Two renormalized versions of inner product and hypervirial techniques are presented together with the Hill determinant approach for performing accurate calculations of the energy levels of two‐dimensional oscillators characterized by the potentials VN=6(x, y)=(x2+y2) +λ(axxx6+ayyy6+3axyx4 y2+3ayxx2y4) and VN=8(x,y)= (x2+y2)+λ(axxx8+ayyy8+6b xyx4y4 +4axyx6y2+4ayxx2y6). The methods have been used effectively to calculate the energy eigenvalues for many eigenstates over a wide range values of perturbation parameter λ and various values of coefficients aIJ. The results produced by various techniques are compared with each other.


Located in Kissamos, Secreto Studios is close to Kissamos Stadium and Port of Kissamos. This apartment is within the vicinity of Falassarna Beach and Ancient Falassarna. Make yourself at home in one of the air-conditioned rooms featuring kitchenettes..


Patterns of growth and metabolism by turtle embryos were examined in groups of eggs incubated on artificial substrates differing in water potential. Snapping turtle embryos in eggs incubated under wetter conditions attained larger size and consumed more oxygen than did embryos in eggs from drier conditions. Mass-specific oxygen consumption, however, was unaffected by hydric conditions of the incubation environment. No differences in growth patterns or oxygen consumption were observed in softshell turtle eggs in either treatment, although eggs on drier substrates lost significantly more mass than did eggs on wet substrates. The temporal pattern of oxygen consumption by turtle embryos resembles that of embryonic precocial birds, but total energetic costs of development in turtles are <50% of predicted costs for precocial birds of similar body mass.


Islanding detection is an essential function for safety and reliability in grid-connected distributed generation (DG) systems. Several methods for islanding detection are proposed in literature, but most of them may fail in multi-source configurations, or they may produce important power quality degradation when the DG penetration is high. This paper presents theoretical analysis and evaluation of an active anti-islanding protection algorithm for Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) multi-source DG systems proposed in previous work. Particularly, this paper presents an evaluation of the anti-islanding scheme considering: different multi-inverter topologies, the effect of transmission line length and the effect of the measured variations of utility voltage.


Objective: To systematically review the vascular effects of glibenclamide. Background: Infusion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener (KCO) levcromakalim dilates cranial arteries and induces headache and migraine attacks. Recent data show that levcromakalim-induced vasodilation is associated with headache. Glibenclamide is a KATP channel blocker that may alter the vascular tone and thus has an impact on headache or migraine prevention. Methods: A search through PubMed was undertaken for studies investigating the vascular effects of glibenclamide in vitro as well as in vivo published until July 2019. Results: We identified 58 articles; 31 in vitro studies, 24 in vivo studies and 3 studies with both. The main findings were that glibenclamide inhibited levcromakalim-induced and other KCOs-induced vasodilation, while the basal vascular tone remained unchanged. Conclusion: Glibenclamide could inhibit vasodilation by KCOs, and further studies are needed to clarify the vascular effect of glibenclamide on human cranial arteries.


ABSTRACT:  A survey of 2 species of ictalurid catfishes, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis), was conducted in southeastern Texas, United States. Sixty-nine channel catfish and 26 yellow bullhead were collected from 6 sites within the Big Thicket National Preserve and 6 sites in surrounding bodies of water. Thirty-one species of parasites were found including 11 trematodes, 8 nematodes, 5 copepods, 3 cestodes, and 1 each of an acanthocephalan, leech, monogene, and myxozoan. Channel catfish harbored 23 species of parasites, yellow bullhead harbored 17, and 9 species occurred in both host species. Adult endohelminths dominated the fauna (18 species). Trematodes (Alloglossidium corti, Alloglossidium kenti, Polylekithum catahoulensis), a cestode (Megathylacoides giganteum), a nematode (Dichelyne robusta), and an ectoparasitic copepod (Ergasilus cerastes) constituted over 75% of the total parasite abundance. Although this constitutes the highest species diversity reported among similar surveys of catfishes in North America, much of the high species density is due to the presence of generalists, e.g., species of Spinitectus and Crepidostomum, more-commonly known to parasitize fishes of other groups.


The invention relates to a foundation drainage control method. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging a circle of vertical impervious curtains around a building foundation, arranging a vertical drainage body inside a foundation in the vertical impervious curtain, sequentially arranging a drainage sand mat, a horizontal impervious layer and a protective layer on the vertical drainage body, and hermetically connecting the vertical impervious curtain and the horizontal impervious layer. During the period of construction, the drainage solidifying of foundation soils is forcibly quickened through vacuum combined surcharge preloading so as to improve the strength of the foundation soils and ensure that the consolidation settlement of the foundation is completed as much as possible in the construction period. Before the beginning of the engineer operation period, the preloading process is stopped and a drainage pipeline is tightly sealed in order to block the further generation of the consolidation settlement of the foundation soils, thereby achieving the purpose of favorably controlling the post-construction settlement of the foundation. The provided foundation drainage control method of the invention is suitable for the soft soil foundation with low strength and big compressibility and has the characteristics of low construction cost, short construction period and favorable control effect of the post-construction settlement.


held at the Denver Marriott Tech Center, July 31 through August 4, 2000. The first two days of the conference consisted of Workshops. Seven were in the field of X-ray Diffraction: Rietveld Analysis, Alignment & Standards, Micron Size Specimens, Residual Stress, Phase Transformation, Grazing Incidence, and Texture. Six were in the field of X-ray Fluorescence: Total Reflection, Introductory XRF, Layered Materials, Specimen Preparation, Fundamental Parameters, and Quantitative Standardless Methods. One was applicable to both fields: New Methods of Beam Conditioning. Two XRD and one XRF poster sessions were held during evening receptions sponsored by Bede Scientific, SPEX CertiPrep, Claisse Scientifique, Philips Analytical Inc., Materials Data Inc., Rigaku/USA, and Bruker AXS, Inc. A Plenary Session, X-ray Analysis in the 21st Century, included awards to Yohichi Gohshi of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba Japan (Birks Award), Gregory J. McCarthy of North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND (McMurdie Award), and I. Cev Noyan of IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY (Jerome B. Cohen Student Award). Robert Snyder gave a report on the newly formed International X-ray Analysis Society (IXAS). Invited papers were then presented by I. C. Noyan (IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY), D. K. Bowen (Bede Scientific, Englewood, CO), R. van Grieken (University of Antwerp, Belgium), and B. Vrebos (Philips Analytical, Almelo, The Netherlands) detailing their visions of the future of XRD and XRF. The last three days of the conference consisted of XRD sessions: Rietveld Analysis, Mesostructure Analysis, Stress Analysis, Phase Transformations, New Developments in Instrumentation, and Thin Film Analysis; XRF sessions: Industrial Applications, New Developments, and Quantitative Analysis & Software; and combined sessions: Problems & Solutions and Microbeam Techniques. An Exhibition Hall, featuring 35 companies was open most of the week. The banquet speaker was Deane K. Smith, Emeritus, The Pennsylvania State University, who presented a slide show: Gems: The Usual and Unusual. Throughout the week, there were special interest meetings including ICDD Committees: Education, Manufacturers' Liaison, Organic & Pharmaceutical, XRF, Ceramics, X-ray Diffraction Methods, and Database; the International X-ray Analysis Society (IXAS); and the Macintosh Diffraction Software Users Group. Scott Misture (NYS College of Ceramics, Alfred, NY) reported that the X-Ray Diffraction Methods Subcommittee has begun an evaluation of data obtained in the laboratory using several different optical arrangements including multilayer and polycapillary. Systematic errors, line resolution, and relative intensities will be carefully considered and compared to 'standard' diffraction optics. Monte Nichols (Aleph Enterprises, Livermore, CA) reported that the Database Subcommittee adopted a new mission statement: "The Database Subcommittee shall be responsible for assisting and/or advising ICDD regarding the overall improvement and timely update of the databases, including technical support where appropriate, and proactive suggestions regarding how new and developing database technologies might be used to provide a positive impact for the ICDD and be beneficial to its customers/vendors/ resellers." Task groups were established to investigate next generation database concepts and the possibility of the ICDD supplying a fundamental parameters XRF database. Robert Snyder (Ohio State University, Columbus, OH) reported that the International X-ray Analysis Society (IXAS) is a new type of scientific society focused on the use of X-rays, neutrons, and electrons in materials characterization. This fully electronic non-profit society will have free, open membership to the world's community of X-ray analysts requiring only that they have access to the World Wide Web (www.ixas.org). The purpose of the Society is to serve professionals working in the field of materials analysis by: (a) fostering interaction among materials scientists, chemists, physicists, geologists, and others engaged in the use of X-rays and other radiations, including neutrons and electrons, for materials analysis; (b) sponsoring meetings of interest to those in the field of materials analysis; and (c) disseminating information of interest to the materials analysis community.


The present invention is relative to a method for producing 1,2-propanediol by fermentation, comprising: cultivating a microorganism producing 1,2-propanediol in an appropriate medium comprising a source of sucrose, and recovering the 1,2-propanediol being produced, wherein the microorganism is able to utilize sucrose as sole carbon source for the production of 1,2-propanediol. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the source of sucrose is obtained from plant biomass, and is in particular sugar cane juice.


In June 2005, a questionnaire survey was sent to 9000 companies in the Kansai Area (Osaka, Kyoto and Hyogo), the second largest economic block in Japan, with 2041 companies responding. This article introduces the results of this questionnaire survey. The greatest feature of this study is that, unlike previous works on traditional corporate finance, much information on unlisted companies is included. The dividend policy of Japanese companies, awareness of corporate governance, funding behavior, and bank selection behavior were analyzed. As a result, we found that being a consolidated subsidiary or a group member of an affiliation of companies greatly affects a company's financial activities, and that the capital adequacy ratio and size of the company are also important factors.


Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is normally found in balance with antioxidant molecules within all aerobic cells. The unbalance condition between ROS and antioxidant molecules will cause oxidative stress that may lead to any damages on nucleic acid, protein, and fatty acid. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant potentials of Indonesian marine algae extracts, including red algae (Botryocladia sp. and Gracilaria sp.) and green algae (Caulerpa sertulaioides, C. racemosa, Codium sp., Enteromorpha sp., and Halimeda opuntia) in vitro. Seven marine algae were dried and extracted with ethanol, followed by evaporating and freeze-drying treatments to obtain algae extracts. The antioxidant activity was referred to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Our results demonstrated that both red algae (Botryoclardia sp. and Gracilaria sp.) and green algae (C. sertulaioides and Codium sp.) at 100 μg/mL significantly possessed 35-40% antioxidant activity, indicating that these marine algae extracts may exert potential natural antioxidant properties.


Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of Qi-Wei-Bai-Zhu-San (QWBZS) in treating senile community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with lung-spleen Qi deficiency syndrome. Methods: Sixty patients with senile CAP due to lung-spleen Qi deficiency were randomized to a study group and a control group of 30 patients each. The patients in the control group received conventional treatment (antibiotic therapy and symptomatic treatment), while the patients in the study group took QWBZS orally as an adjuvant therapy in addition to the conventional treatment. After one week, the treatment effect and levels of immunity markers were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the study group had a higher total effective rate and more significant improvement in pulmonary function and arterial blood gas marker and serum inflammatory factor levels (all P<0.05). Also, the study group had a higher percentage of Treg cells in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and a lower percentage of Th17 cells in their PBMC and Th17/Treg values (all P<0.05). Conclusion: QWBZS can significantly improve the clinical outcome in treating senile CAP with lung-spleen Qi deficiency syndrome, lower the Th17/ Treg ratio in the peripheral blood, and improve the serum inflammatory marker levels.


Trust in labor relations is essential for social institutions, governments, economies and communities to function properly. Going back to the late 1990's and early 2000's in Poland, which saw the switch from planned to market economy and a cultural change, this article aims to put an emphasis on trust and truth, long considered critical values in effective management. Relating the author's own experience as a Director at Ford Motor Company, Poland, from 1992 to 2002 and as an academia, it considers both theoretical and practical issue of corporate trust and outlines some programs designed to promote and maintain cultivate trust values in a company. Although the data presented in this study comes from a multinational's plants in Poland, it may well be generalized to other parts of the world, all the more as this MNC has branches on every continent, included in Thailand. This Study should be treated as a contribution to the field of Trust which has witnessed a renewal of attention in the wake of the recent global economic turbulence.


Background: Although indications of laparoscopic hepatectomy have been expanded, the laparoscopic approach after right hepatic lobectomy has a very high burden. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients undergoing laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatic tumors after open right lobectomy. Patients and Methods: Five cases of laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatic tumors after open right lobectomy were included in the study. Results: All the tumors in segment 3 were intraoperatively detected and curatively resected by partial hepatectomy. The tumors in segment 2 could not be detected intraoperatively due to hypertrophic liver deformity and adhesion. They were curatively resected by anatomical subsegmental approach. Conclusion: For recurrent tumors located in segment 2 after right lobectomy, anatomical subsegmental approach should be preferred, not only from an oncological standpoint, but also for securing curative laparoscopic resection and overcoming anatomical difficulties.


Abstract : This study evaluates the major sources of tension and cooperation between India and China, and analyzes how leading security specialists and policymakers in the two countries see future trends in their relations. The five major issues that are the focus of tension between the two countries are as follows: the Pakistan factor in India-China relations, the India-China border dispute, the Dalai Lama and Tibetans in exile, economic relations, and military modernization and China's increasing presence in the Indian Ocean Region. China's close relations with Pakistan remain the greatest source of tension in India-China relations, and whether Pakistan can maintain stability will be a major factor shaping India-China relations in the next decade. Since 1988 India and China have made efforts to stabilize their border dispute, which have somewhat eased a dangerous flashpoint in their relationship. China will almost certainly try to install its own candidate to succeed the Dalai Lama after his death, which will increase tensions with India. But experts on both sides believe that this will not spark a military conflict. Chinese and Indian security specialists both fear long-term erosion of their country's strategic position as a result of the other country's buildup of border deployments, conventional capabilities, and strategic forces. Indian analysts are increasingly concerned about the future presence of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in the IOR, and are developing responses. The trends in relations between Beijing and Delhi -- both their tensions and their incentives to restrain them -- present the United States with important opportunities and challenges for promoting its security interests in the region.


Carl Schmitt believes that politics is the"als Entscheidung des Subjekts der verfassunggebenden Gewalt"for who is"the Enemy"and who is"the People", and all of the laws are the representation of the dominator, especially for the constitution, as the"Fundamentalgesetze"of a state, shows the"Dezision"of the dominator and legitimatize it. According to the Sovereignty Theory of Jean Bodin, Schmitt claims that the power of the dominator is unlimited, and Schmitt also develops the Democracy Theory of Rousseau so to cry up the"Homogenit"in democracy which is guided by"Volonte generale". According to probe into how the Constitutional Theory and Constitutionalism Theory of Carl Schmitt, point out that the truth of Schmitt's political theory is the common customs of political theology, and finally it will contribute to an absolute power which will infringe civil right and the freedom of the people.


The Ornstein–Zernike integral equation (OZ equation) has been used to evaluate the distribution function of solvents around solutes, but its numerical solution is difficult for molecules with a complicated shape. This paper proposes a numerical method to directly solve the OZ equation by introducing the 3D lattice. The method employs no approximation the reference interaction site model (RISM) equation employed. The method enables one to obtain the spatial distribution of spherical solvents around solutes with an arbitrary shape. Numerical accuracy is sufficient when the grid‐spacing is less than 0.5 A for solvent water. The spatial water distribution around a propane molecule is demonstrated as an example of a nonspherical hydrophobic molecule using iso‐value surfaces. The water model proposed by Pratt and Chandler is used. The distribution agrees with the molecular dynamics simulation. The distribution increases offshore molecular concavities. The spatial distribution of water around 5α‐cholest‐2‐ene (C27H46) is visualized using computer graphics techniques and a similar trend is observed.


Objective: To explore the effect of heparin on the serum concentrations of IL-6,IL-8 to patient with HSP.Methods: We randomly divided 215 children with HSP into heparin therapy group(110 cases) and ordinary therapy group(105 cases);53 healthy children were selected into normal control group.We collected 2m1 venous blood from all the children on empty stomach in early morning.We detected the concentration of IL-6,IL-8 in serum by using respectively radioimmunoassay.Then normal therapy group was given foundational therapy,In addition,heparin therapy group was added heparin 100~150 μ/kg·d;Injecting into 5% glucose,dripping slowly more than 2 hours,qd,for 10 days.We collected 2m1 venous blood from all the children to detected the concentration of IL-6,IL-8 in serum again.Results: ①The serum concentrations of IL-6、IL-8 were significantly higher in patients with HSP than normal control group before therapy(P0.01)②The levels of IL-6、IL-8 did not show significant difference between heparin therapy group and ordinary therapy group before treatment(P0.05),The serum concentrations IL-6、IL-8 of heparin therapy group were obviously lower than those in ordinary group after heparin therapy 10 days,it had significant deference(P0.05).Conclusion: ①the serum concentrations IL-6,IL-8 in HSP group were obviously higher than those in normal control group.②The study showed that early heparin therapy could decrease the serum levels of IL-6,IL-8 in HSP patients.


Post-cholecystectomy syndrome is suspected when the patients complain about the persistent presence of pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant. Other symptoms might appear which are related to the gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms appear after performing cholecystectomy. The manifestations are usually similar to those experienced before the procedure. In this study, the aim to conduct a literature review to increase the knowledge and to explore facts related to the clinical patterns and causes of post-cholecystectomy syndrome. The most commonly reported cause of this syndrome is the prior development of an extra-biliary disorder, which includes many modalities as peptic ulcer, reflux esophagitis, chronic pancreatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and biliary-related disorders. However, the etiology of postcholecystectomy is hugely variable across the different studies in the literature. Patients that develop postcholecystectomy syndrome usually present with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms that may or may not be similar to the symptoms that were exhibited before conducting the surgery. Some of the common physiological changes that have been reported with postcholecystectomy syndrome include the disruption of cholecysto-antral reflex, the cholecystosphincter of oddi reflex, and the cholecysto-esophageal related reflexes. In addition, the development of other changes that can significantly affect the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract leads to the development of significant symptoms and clinical patterns.


In this paper, James Edward Curtis, Jr. (2017) compiles essays on economic history, labor economics and laws & economics to address economic issues. James Edward Curtis, Jr. (2017) considers economic theory, summary empirical analyses, and government & social construct to challenge our comfort levels with the current status of unequal economic indicators and public policy.


The issue to raise is that the South China Sea has potential resources not only natural resource but also the geostrategy and geopolitics concerns. Geographically, the sea is a waterway for any activities for Asia Pacific countries and part of it is in the region of South East Asia. The tension emerges when China unilaterally claims that the all area of SCS is part of China based on the nine-dash line of historical Chinese fishing ground drawing. The claim definitely prompts protest and condemnation from other countries which claim have the authority in the water as well. As a result, the countries in South East Asia like Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines launch their objections against China. This situation ignites another 'world's great power' to intervene. The United States proclaims to form Quadrilateral Security Dialogue consisting U.S., India, Australia and Japan as the members. Indeed, the dialogue's intention is to confront China's activity in the waters. Therefore, the inquiry to look at is how should ASEAN play its role to create balance and stability in the waters, or extensively in the South East Asia region? To answer this question, it will observe the issue using the realism paradigm since the issue concerns the state's foreign politics and the effort to create order and stability. Through the realism paradigm, the balance of power will be the concept to address the issue. Thus, it is ASEAN's effort of the balance of power within the conflict and domination of unilateral interests.


The elections are over and the new government is about to start implementing the numerous pledges. The Citizen Newspaper plans to carry a series of reports on the way forward for Tanzania's development. We believe as a credible newspaper, that is the only way we can contribute to our country's development. I want you to comment on two issues – Infrastructure and Energy. On infrastructure, the focus should be on Construction of Roads, the status of the Central Railway line and Efficiency of operations in ports and airports. In the energy sector, we focus on the quality of power supply and the population of Tanzanians who have access to electricity.


Aim - histological study of the structure and thickness of the membranes of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein in people of different age groups in normal conditions and with portal hypertension.
Materials and methods. Sectional material for the study of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein was obtained from 89 people aged 7 to 30 years who died from injuries incompatible with life. In 57 cases during life, patients had a history of portal hypertension, the remaining 32 cases were considered as controls. Cellular and tissue components of the vein walls were studied on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, as well as according to Van Gieson using Weigert's hematoxylin, picric acid, and fuchsin.
Results. It was found that in case of portal hypertension, in comparison with the control, the thickness of the inner and middle membranes of venous vessels significantly increased in all age groups. Pathological features of changes in the thickness and microstructure of the components of the portal vein wall of the liver and splenic vein in topographically different parts of the veins are shown.
Conclusions. Pathological changes in the wall of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein in portal hypertension are pronounced and regular in both young people and children and adolescents, which is an urgent problem for clinical practice. Further study of the structures of GDP and SW will help to form representations of the average stress parameters, the digital values of which have a different range in relation to the norm.


The utility model discloses a low voltage bus duct in the technical field of low voltage power transmission and distribution equipment and aims to solve problems of low dielectric strength among conductive terminal rows and large bus duct mounting spans existing in the prior art. The low voltage bus duct comprises a hollow duct body, wherein the duct body is formed by fixedly connecting upper and lower cover plates and left and right cover plates, the duct body is internally fixed with a plurality of the conductive terminal rows side by side with intervals, upper and lower insulation supporting frames which are integrated with the duct body into one body are arranged among the conductive terminal rows, and the conductive terminal rows are mutually in fixed connection through insulation bolts. The low voltage bus duct has a compact structure as well as a small space occupation volume and can fully guarantee reliable connection at connection portions of the conductive terminal rows and mutual excellent insulation performance.


This paper introduces design proposal of multi-functional instrument,the instrument as the basic framework to embedded system(ARM) and FPGA and high-speed A/D.Combined with computer control and technology,LCD display technology,and make full use of the advantages of ARM and FPGA technology in digital system design,have designed and implemented the multifunctional instruments that combined with storage oscilloscope,signal generator,frequency meter and multi-meter.The prototype itself and its measurement by the measurement test results to meet the design requirements.


The name of Maharaja Naranarayan is almost unknown to the people of Bengal or Assam, not only that there is no sign of the name of the Maharaja in the history of India; but once he was a remarkable King or Monarch who placed the Koch Kingdom on the fame and glorious position in the soil of North east India. He became the challenging figure in the larger areas of North east India defeating the contemporary rulers gradually one by one, namely Ahom Kingdom, Kachhar, Jayantiya, Manipur and Dimrua. Maharaja not only defeated his rivalry and consolidated his empire, but also he took a diplomatic policy like Samudragupta, the great Gupta King because in spite of wining the native states in the North east India he returned the concerned Kingdoms to the native rulers by getting annual tribute and yielding. But unfortunately the name of the great king including the history of the other rulers of the Koch Kingdom has not get any place in the history of India. Beside the expansion and consolidation of the Koch Kingdom he established peace and integrity maintaining the cultural assimilation and economic development in the Koch Kingdom. In the present article the achievement of this great Koch King will be highlighted.


Popular prompt strategies like Chain-of-Thought Prompting can dramatically improve the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various domains. However, such hand-crafted prompt-strategies are often sub-optimal. In this paper, we present Promptbreeder, a general-purpose self-referential self-improvement mechanism that evolves and adapts prompts for a given domain. Driven by an LLM, Promptbreeder mutates a population of task-prompts, and subsequently evaluates them for fitness on a training set. Crucially, the mutation of these task-prompts is governed by mutation-prompts that the LLM generates and improves throughout evolution in a self-referential way. That is, Promptbreeder is not just improving task-prompts, but it is also improving the mutationprompts that improve these task-prompts. Promptbreeder outperforms state-of-the-art prompt strategies such as Chain-of-Thought and Plan-and-Solve Prompting on commonly used arithmetic and commonsense reasoning benchmarks. Furthermore, Promptbreeder is able to evolve intricate task-prompts for the challenging problem of hate speech classification.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a pretransplantation determination of body mass index (BMI) on survival after lung transplantation.

DESIGN AND PATIENTS
Univariate and multivariate survival analyses of a single institution database consisting of 85 patients who had undergone lung transplantations between March 1994 and October 1998.

SETTING
University of Florida Health Science Center.

RESULTS
Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients who were obese (ie, BMI, > or = 30) at a pretransplantation assessment had a marked decrease in posttransplantation survival time (log rank, p < 0.05; Wilcoxon, p < 0.05). The final Cox regression model revealed that the most powerful predictors of mortality after lung transplantation were higher pretransplantation BMI and the development of obliterative bronchiolitis.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the posttransplantation risk for mortality is possibly three times greater for obese patients than for nonobese patients. Additional study is needed to identify the mechanisms for such higher risk in obese patients. Our data also suggest that transplantation centers should not routinely reject underweight patients (ie, BMI, < 18.5) or overweight patients (ie, BMI, 25 to 29.9) for lung transplantation listing solely on the basis of weight, as their outcomes may not be significantly different than patients with normal BMIs.


Amorphous silicon nitride films have been deposited by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique using silane (SiH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) as source gases. Investigations have been made in detail to understand the influence of process parameters such as RF power, substrate temperature, gas flow ratio, working pressure etc, on the optical, electrical and surface properties in order to obtain dielectric Si 3 N 4 films for semiconductor device applications. Amorphous nature of the films has been verified by Raman and AFM Analysis. Dielectric Si 3 N 4 films with an average optical transmittance value of 86.5 %, electrical resistance of 2.71 GΩ and band gap of 2.72 eV have been deposited with the optimum process parameters of 250 °C, 7 W and 1:3 ratio (SiH 4 :NH 3 ) at an average deposition rate of 63.7 nm/min.


A post-positivist worldview acknowledges the centrality of context in defining and understanding all phenomena. Music, for example, is interpreted and experienced 1 eontextually, its meanings derived from the contexts in which it is presented. Indeed, the research and understanding of music, as exemplified in the field of ethnomusicology, is based on the deep understanding of various contexts. The significance of contexts in general and music education research is recently acknowledged, drawing on qualitative paradigm inquiry and its naturalistic, holistic methods. Like in ethnomusicology, contexts for educational research include the settings in which teaching and learning takes places and the roles that music plays in these settings; the social relationships involved in music education; personal and cultural frameworks and values. This special issue focuses on the interrelated contexts for the teaching and learning of music of young children in formal and informal settings.


The commentary encourages supplementing the geological and natural concept of the Anthropocene with a cultural and political aspect. These two perspectives are not mutually exclusive but are complementary. This approach can facilitate its transition from the language of academic debate to practical and necessary actions at the societal level. According to the authors, the slightly abstract and impersonal Anthropocene should be shown in the context of cultural, economic and political dependencies and choices that created it and continue to reproduce its logic. This turn also opens up a new area for analysing the Anthropocene from the perspective of a critique of political economy (an analysis of the costs of economic policies that reproduce and accelerate successive stages of the ecological catastrophe) as well as of civic culture (research 'anthropocentric awareness' or 'anthropocentric citizenship' in entire societies). Thus, the authors suggest rejecting the fatalistic determinism of the Anthropocene as a process that,


Summary Mature male quail remained in a good physical condition even though no vitamin D was given for a year. In contrast, high mortality occurred in the vitamin D deficient females, even though calcium balance was not different from that observed in the male quail. It was suggested that the requirement of adult male birds for vitamin D is either very low or non-existent. Injections of testosterone and estradiol into vitamin D deficient hens did not influence egg production, but significantly improved bone ash of tibia, sternum, and femur. Alleviation of debility caused by the vitamin D deficiency was observed in laying hens when testosterone was


ABSTRACT Magnetic nanoparticles with monodisperse shape and size were prepared by a simple method and covered by silica. The prepared core-shell Fe3O4@silica nanoparticles were functionalized by amino groups and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles were employed as an adsorbent for removal of Hg2+ from aqueous solutions, and the adsorption phenomena were studied from both equilibrium and kinetic point of views. The adsorption equilibriums were analyzed using different isotherm models and correlation coefficients were determined for each isotherm. The experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm better than other isotherms. The adsorption kinetics was tested for the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models at different initial concentrations of the adsorbate. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the kinetics of the adsorption process for amino functionalized adsorbents. The maximum adsorption occurred at pH 5.7 and the adsorption capacity for Fe3O4@silica-NH2 toward Hg2+ was as high as 126.7 mg/g which was near four times more than unmodified silica adsorbent. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) systems transform solar energy into both useful heat and electricity. In open loop air-based BIPV/T systems outdoor air is drawn by a variable speed fan into the channel formed by the PV modules and an insulated envelope layer. The open loop nature of the system is such that large temperature differentials exist between the interior side of the PV module and the bulk temperature of the air flowing in the BIPV/T channel. The experimental outdoor BIPV/T system studied in this paper has a length/hydraulic diameter ratio of 38 which is representative for a BIPV/T roof system. Experimental results show significantly higher Nusselt number as compared to pure forced convection heat transfer in pipes when the air is drawn through the BIPV/T system with a variable speed fan. The calculated Rayleigh and Grashof numbers are high and confirm that the system operates in the mixed convective regime for the tested Reynolds number range.


In certain situations, liquid‐metal sliding electrical contacts for high‐current and low‐voltage electrical machines may prove a viable alternative to solid metal brushes. Before it can be ascertained whether such an option is feasible, the problems inherent in a liquid‐metal flow through a narrow gap between a fixed and a moving surface with free surfaces beyond each gap end must be explored. The flow occurs in the presence of an arbitrarily oriented magnetic field. By assuming that the secondary flow is negligible, the problem reduces to a fully developed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) duct flow problem. In the parameter range presented here, the liquid‐metal flow can be laminar or turbulent, requiring that both regimes be analyzed. The numerical results from the mathematical model presented herein for laminar flow with arbitrary Hartmann number M and with arbitrary magnetic‐field orientation indicate that, even with an O(1) Hartmann number, the flow is already beginning to evolve into the distinct regions p...


Summary form only given as follows. Classical scientific and engineering work is changing due to computers, software and the information highway. Computers and software packages are used for scientific, engineering and administrative work. Innovation and creativity can also be supported by some systematic approach and software. Software for CAT (computed aided thinking) is used for heuristic creative innovation in the course of technological innovation. Innovation's results are evaluated and compared from the point of view classical approach versus software supported approach. Project management courses give students the other important knowledge of how to manage technology. Project oriented curricula concentrated in innovation are analyzed after three years of student's and faculty's experience. Project oriented curricula as a transdisciplinary (multidisciplinary) program are discussed with relationship to the engineering management program. The real examples of student's innovation are presented.


The presented mathematical textbook is devoted to presentation of several topics of higher mathematics that are either not taught in the majority of technical universities, or delivered in the form of very short courses. To fill in the gap, the authors presented a textbook that covers such mathematical topics as elements of topological, metric and vector spaces, integral transforms including Fourier, Laplace, Mellin, and some other integral transforms, more detailed presentation of matrix theory including Jordan transformation and theory of matrix functions. The textbook contains also a chapter on ordinary differential equations. It appears that these topics have never been published in such a concise and yet detailed form. The textbook is primarily intended for Master and PhD students of Civil and Geotechnical engineering to help them to appropriate the basic concepts of higher mathematics in fields of mechanics and engineering. Engineers working in the field of dynamics of structures, earthquake engineering or on seismic protection, also constitute one of the targeted readerships.


Pseudo aneurysm (PSA) is one of the most common vascular complications of cardiac and peripheral angiographic procedures. In this case we had an old man presenting with a large hard immobile pseudo pulsatile, severe painful swelling in groin region post21 days of coronary angiography.


[Objective] The paper was to purify the original pesticide of Jinggangmycin and determine its content,so as to used for the quality control in Jinggangmycin production.[Method]Mixed solvents were selected to carry out re-crystallization on 62% original pesticide of Jinggangmycin;phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method was adopted to determine its content,and the effects of different determination conditions on the content results were also studied.[Result]The purity of the samples after re-crystallization was increased to 97.7%.The optimal conditions for phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method to determine the content of Jinggangmycin were as follows: anhydrous glucose as control,5% phenol,1.0ml phenol solution,5.0 ml sulfuric acid,standing aside for 20 min after reaction,detection wavelength 490 nm;the correlation coefficient of glucose standard curve(R2) was 0.993 9;the average recovery of standard addition was 99.72%,RSD was 0.362 8%.[Conclusion]Re-crystallization is a good way to refine Jinggangmycin.Phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method can be used to determine the content of Jinggangmycin with simple operation,high accuracy and strong reliability,which can be widely applied in industrial production.


The 58 hybrid piglets in 6 litters divided randomly into 3 groups,which was fed complete feed n closed pigsty.The piglets of there groups were weaned at the age of 20,30 and 35days,resp,to observe the effect of different weaning age in days on growth and development of piglet for 60 days.The results showed that the average aily gain of piglets in three groups were 175,179 and 176g,resp,the efficiency of feed utilization were 1.033,1.28,1.23,resp,there was no significant differenct in the average daily gain and the efficiency of feed utilization among 3 groups (P0.05),suggesting that the weaning at the age of 25 days was feasible in same conidetion.


Under current approaches, service performance is generally evaluated using technical metrics, for the following two basic reasons: 1) They are easily understood by technical people and 2) They are typically easy to measure directly. The actual impact on the business of low value and quality are not apparent. Service metrics are objectively measured, however, subjective criteria - those that depend on the subject (person) being polled - are not easily brought into the picture. Uncertainty is not typically considered in the measurement process. Service metrics are gathered strictly on an operational level without any effective information available at a strategic level. Within this scope of work, we propose a model in order to quantify an IT service aggregated value and a hierarchical quality indicator within a time snapshot, which can be used to help managers in activities relating to continual service improvement. We carried out a case-study in a real environment of a Brazilian Bank whereby the results indicate that our non-intrusive model is useful and can be adopted by corporations in addition to their actual continual service improvement rules.


With the increase in the number of finely dispersed mineral additives in concrete, their water demand increases and the effect of micro-filling weakens. To solve this problem, various methods of dry surface modification are proposed. As a result of the finely dispersed mineral powders' surface modification, an improvement in their rheological characteristics, a decrease in wettability, a change in granulometry and other properties are achieved. This article discusses the surface modification effect's laws in a high-voltage electric field on the autogenous properties of mineral dispersed concrete components, structure formation processes, mechanical properties, and cement stone hydration products. According to the results of the study, it was found that the surface modification of bulk materials - concrete components - in a high-voltage electric field changes autohesion properties in comparison with control samples. The data indicate lower values of bulk density and angle of repose. This is due to a change in the balance of forces that arise during the mutual contact of particles after surface modification. With a certain balance of these forces, autohesion will contribute to the dense packing of particles and thereby affect the structure formation processes. The results of changes in the plastic strength of cement pastes confirm that there is an intensification of the structure formation process. Moreover, a more intense increase in plastic strength is observed during bipolar charging of particles in comparison with unipolar charging. This is due to an increase in the number of heterogeneous charges in the system and, as a consequence, an increase in the strength of adhesive contacts, as evidenced by the data of X-ray phase analysis.


The relation of gastro-intestinal ulceration to lesions of the central nervous system has been reviewed by Cushing 1 and Light. 2 In our series of 50 cats and 40 dogs having experimental lesions in the upper brain-stem, acute gastro-intestinal changes have occurred in a relatively small number. The other animals have exhibited normal guts or slight changes that are difficult to evaluate. Lesions have varied considerably in extent and location. Apart from 3 chronic mid-brain cats in which erosions were found in the stomach, the changes have followed lesions accompanied by hemorrhage into the ventricles or transverse lesions at the level of the chiasm unassociated with intraventricular hemorrhage. This report is confined to a description of maximum reactions noted. Hyperemia and Hemorrhage. Marked hyperemia of the stomach has been encountered in 12 dogs at death—7 to 24 hours after operation—confined in most instances to the body (Fig. 1). Associated with the hyperemia were multiple hemorrhagic spots in the mucosa, marked by attached clots. The hemorrhages occurred most frequently on the crests of the mucosal folds. Blood in the lumen varied from a slight staining of the mucus to large free clots. Associated with this reaction in the stomach was a remarkable generalized hyperemia of the mucosa of the duodenum. The hyperemia was progressively less marked going distally, until at the upper end of the jejunum it again became more pronounced, fading as the distal ileum was approached. The intestinal content varied from bloody mucus to blood only. (From the small bowel of Dog 27, 50 cc. of practically pure blood was collected at autopsy; blood was the chief constituent of antimortem feces.) In the large bowel hyperemia was confined to crests of longitudinal folds and in cases amounted to frank hemorrhage.


The current accounting standards stipulate that the changes in fair value recognised in profits or losses of the financial assets available for sale should be written into the statement of assets and liabilities or the profit statement respectively when the companies are holding or disposing it, making it a borrowed natural instrument for the listed companies to be engaged in earnings management behavior. Taking China's A- share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2007 to 2010 as the research objects, this study conducts a deep analysis of the earnings management motivation of the listed companies in disposing the financial assets available for sale and the constraining function of various corporate governance mechanisms on the earnings management motivations. The results of the study indicate that:(1) the listed companies will make use of the disposal of financial assets available for sale to turn loss into profit in their current profit- lossing year; and if they cannot turn loss into profit in their current profit- lossing year, the listed companies will delay the disposal until the future year when required, then they will be engaged in the great purge of earnings management behavior of disposing the financial assets available for sale;(2) different corporate governance mechanisms of the listed companies can play different constraining role in various earnings management behaviors during the disposal of financial assets available for sale, the stock proportion of the major stockholders can play a significant constraining role in the behaviors of turning loss into profit and the great purge of earnings management during the disposal of financial assets available for sale by the listed companies; but other corporate governance mechanisms cannot achieve the desired effect in constraining the behaviors of turning loss into profit and taking a great purge of earnings management by the listed companies.


Objective To study the effect of formaldehyde inducing DNA-protein crosslinks(DPC) and DNA damages in mice lung.(Methods)Mice lung was taken as experimental material,KCl-SDS assay and comet assay were used to determine the amount of DNA-protein crosslinks and effect of DNA damages induced by liquid formaldehyde in vitro.(Results) KCl-SDS assay showed that formaldehyde could not cause DPC at lower level(5 μM,25 μM,P0.05),while at higher level(125 μM,P0.05;625 μM,P0.01) it caused DPC obviously.According to comet assay,it caused DNA strand breakage(DSB) at low level(5 μM,25μM,P0.01) and caused crosslinks at higher level 125 μM,625 μM,P0.01).Conclusion It was considered that formaldehyde might cause DPC at higher level,but at lower level(25 μM),it mostly caused DSB.


The preparation of double-cable polymers, which consist of a hole conducting conjugated chain carrying pendant electron accepting/conducting moieties, is a promising strategy to prevent donor/acceptor phase segregation and to achieve defined microscopic structure in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. In this paper we report the electrochemical synthesis and the investigation of a double-cable consisting of a polythiophene backbone bearing, via covalent bonds, electron accepting tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane (TCAQ) type moieties. Electrochemical studies and UVVIS absorption spectroscopy reveal, that in dark, the polythiophene chain and the TCAQ moieties retain their individual ground-state properties. Upon illumination photoinduced electron transfer occurs, which is studied by photoinduced VIS-NIR absorption spectroscopy.


We investigate the charge changing collisions for 1 6 0 and 3 2 S beams, using the experimental method of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD). Sample reading was performed by an automatic measurement system. We determined the total charge changing cross sections and the partial cross sections for the production of fragments of cherge9<Z< 14.


The problems of parameter control in a single layer cross-section at additive shaping are considered. The problem of curved surface approximation in parts by layers with a constant and variable cross-section is solved. The results of geometric and computer modeling are shown. The comparative assessment of the results of problems mentioned above is given.


Disclosed are a light emitting device, a light emitting device package and a lighting system. The light emitting device includes a first conductive type semiconductor layer including P-type dopants and having a plurality of holes, an electrode connected to the first conductive type semiconductor layer, an active layer under the first conductive type semiconductor layer, a second conductive type semiconductor layer under the active layer, and an electrode layer under the second conductive type semiconductor layer.


PURPOSE: A power MOSFET and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to increase a breakdown voltage using a field plate. CONSTITUTION: A gate dielectric(32) is formed on a semiconductor region. A gate electrode(34) is formed on the gate dielectric. A field plate is formed on the dielectric layer. A source region(46) is formed on the first lateral part of the gate electrode. A drain region is contacted to a first drift layer.


Climate change education (CCE) can play an essential role in pushing forward a climate-just transition. However, educational institutions seem to be challenged to equip students and their prospective teachers with what is necessary for them to become multipliers for climate action. This study aims to provide actionable insights on how to harness the untapped potential of CCE, overcome obstacles, and draw conclusions on which adaptations are necessary to improve current CCE settings. We conducted a qualitative questionnaire study using the example of 80 secondary school students (grade 12) and 18 pre-service teachers (PSTs). The results indicated that both cohorts feel inadequately prepared for their role as possible "change agents", stating that climate change as a topic is given too little time, engagement with practical examples on taking climate action is inadequate, and a superficial examination of the topic takes place. Students as well as PSTs as change agents are not sufficiently supported by educational institutions to exercise their transformative potential due to numerous identified challenges that have to be confronted at a systemic level. Results indicate that especially teacher training programs need to increasingly focus on the professional development of educators in this field.


Electrical characterization of a nonthermal radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure microplasma in a parallel plate configuration has shown that reducing electrode gap into the submillimeter range increases current and power density at a reduced voltage as compared to similar plasmas at larger electrode gaps which have no gap dependence. Calculation of sheath thickness and electric fields in the sheath and in the bulk demonstrate a dependence on the electrode gap as it is reduced into the submillimeter regime, indicating a distinct regime of operation.


Multiple personality disorder is becoming better understood and thus more treatable. Because clinicians often treat child and adult victims of physical and sexual abuse, a potential trigger of multiple personality disorder, it is imperative that they become more skilled in diagnosing and treating this disorder.


Abstract The polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) by polyvinyl-acetate (PVA) activated with n-BuLi results in formation of complex graft copolymers. Their molecular parameters suggest the participation of the grafted AN growing chains formed in the first stage of the overall process in the secondary reactions.


Abstract This report summarizes the current status of the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) Icing Research Tunnel cloud calibration: specifically, the cloud uniformity, liquid water content, and drop-size calibration results from both the January–February 2014 full cloud calibration and the January 2015 interim cloud calibration. Some aspects of the cloud have remained the same as what was reported for the 2014 full calibration, including the cloud uniformity from the Standard nozzles, the drop-size equations for Standard and Mod1 nozzles, and the liquid water content for large-drop conditions. Overall, the tests performed in January 2015 showed good repeatability to 2014, but there is new information to report as well. There have been minor updates to the Mod1 cloud uniformity on the north side of the test section. Also, successful testing with the OAP-230Y has allowed the IRT to re-expand its operating envelopes for large-drop conditions to a maximum median volumetric diameter of 270 µm. Lastly, improvements to the collection-efficiency correction for the SEA multi-wire have resulted in new calibration equations for Standard- and Mod1-nozzle liquid water content.


................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6 Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 9 IMC Overview .......................................................................... 9 Measuring IMC Effectiveness ..................................................... 12 About Advertising Competition Landscape .................................... 16 About the Effie Awards ............................................................. 18 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 21 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 22 Results .................................................................................................................. 23 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 32 Managerial Implications ............................................................ 32 Theoretical Implications ............................................................ 33 Limitation and Future Directions ................................................................................. 35 References ............................................................................................................ 37


Background and Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major sources of health problems in developing countries. An effective strategy for tuberculosis treatment can be evaluated with key indicators known as TB control program with their treatment outcomes. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 129 Tuberculosis patients in the department of Pulmonology, Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore from November 2020 to April 2021. Demographic details, clinical examination, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. All the data were extracted from the hospital medical records. Successful treatment outcomes predictors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate regression. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 129 tuberculosis patients, 59 (46%) were male and 70 (54%) were females. The overall mean age was 26.54±5.62 years. The overall prevalence of successful treatment rate was 113 (87.6%). Out of 113, the prevalence of cured and complete treatment patients was 57 (50.4%) and 56 (49.6%) respectively. Based on logistic regression models, various parameters with their respective adjustment odds ratio (AOR) were as follows; age 21-40 years (AOR= 2.67, 95% CI=1.32-6.12, p-value=0.003), treatment category (AOR=4.62, 95% CI=1.12-16.74, p-value=0.027), and smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR=3.47; 95% CI=1.76-6.69, p-value<0.001) were significantly related with treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Our study reported that the overall prevalence of successful treatment was 87.6%. Though, the rate of overall successful treatment was found satisfactory, but, to meet international standard strategy for tuberculosis, still, improvement needs to be achieved. Age, treatment category, and tuberculosis types were significantly correlated with treatment outcomes. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Treatment Outcomes; TB Smears


AIM
Tunable size ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles from 3 to 9 nm coated with polyethylene glycol phosphonate moieties have been designed for neovascularization MRI.

MATERIALS & METHODS
USPIO were synthesized using a nonaqueous sol-gel method. An ischemia-reperfusion rat model has been chosen for neo-angiogenesis and scanned on MRI after injection of different sized USPIO. Histological studies have been performed for USPIO localization within the tissue.

RESULTS
The magnetic properties and consequently their MRI relaxivities are drastically dependent on the crystalline core size. In vivo MRI spots were observed specifically in the ischemic area. The best MRI contrast within neovascularization is generated by 6 nm nanoparticles proving that compromise between T2 relaxivity and physico-chemical properties is essential for the design of effective MRI contrast agent.


Mr. SYDNEY SCOTT asked whether Dr. Friel had checked his results by bacteriological examinations beforehand. Dr. FRIEL (in reply) said the cases now described were not bacteriologically examined before treatment. The method was not intended for the remedy of any factor except sepsis, which was accessible to the zinc solution. In acute otitis media at the stage when there was profuse discharge it would be difficult to keep the zinc solution in contact with the tissues. At a later stage, when the discharge had become less, zinc ionization was successful (see Case 46).


The study focuses on the jurisprudential development of the concept of proportionality of punishment in the Italian and american systems. The most important decisions dealing with such a issue, both of the Italian constitutional court and the SCOTUS are analyzed in detail. There is also an in depth analysis of lower federal courts' and state courts' proportionality jurisprudence, and a focus on the most significant theoretical perspectives elaborated by U.S. scholars, who strongly criticize the proportionality jurisprudence developed in the Suprem Court decisions, especially in the non-capital context.


Autophobic dewetting of a thin polystyrene (PS) layer on a cross-linked PS film has been studied with optical microscopy and neutron reflection. For two different cross-linking densities, the increase in contact angle and the fast decrease of both dewetting velocity and slippage length as a function of dewetting time indicate that the dewetting dynamics is controlled by the penetration of free linear polymer chains into the cross-linked film and the concomitant stretching of the network mesh: the loss of entropy of the network favors dewetting, while partial chain interdiffusion between the layers increases friction and eventually stabilizes the top film. In a second series of experiment, we modified the entropy of the network by swelling it with linear chains from a reservoir of identical polymers prior to depositing the top PS film. Once equilibrated, a stable interface without considerable interdiffusion between network and top film was achieved. Without such interdiffusion, a constant contact angle and a constant slippage length were observed.


FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: according to first version, building structure has wall panels, junction stanchions installed between and among selected wall panels, junction panels, wall plugs passed over panels and stanchions, and form assemblies of ceiling placed on plugs and going away from the latter. According to second version, building structure has internal and external walls; panels of each wall are combined by stanchions and walls are integrated by facilities forming stiff structure between them. According to first version of method for erection of building structure, panels of first ensemble are joined together by means of junction stanchions, wall plugs are mounted on top surfaces, forms of ceiling panels are joined to plugs; panel form of ceiling is made with hollows for build up socles under bearing wall panels and longitudinal beams between them, then selected panels, hollows of longitudinal beams, and socles are filled with concrete, top surface of panel form is covered with concrete to desired level thereby limiting ground floor of structure; then operation is repeating for each floor. According to second version of method, first ensemble of panels is joined by means of junction stanchions into first run of casing, second ensemble of panels is assembled by means of junction stanchions into second run of casing; second-run panels are positioned on top of first-run panels. Junction stanchions of second run are placed over first-run stanchions and function to join first stanchions to side edges of respective panels. Bridge- erecting device has lower form with locks placed on opposite side edges for cohesion to sidewise adjacent lower form; supporting bar crossing mentioned form in side direction and joined to the latter; set of ropes passed in longitudinal direction of lower form which contact supporting bar and suspend lower form. Method for bridge erection involves pulling set of ropes between first and second zones, suspending first lower form from ropes in first zone, and conveying it over ropes towards second zone; second lower form is suspended from ropes in first zone and conveyed in same manner over ropes to second zone followed by its jointing with first form. EFFECT: provision for using pre-manufactured forms filled with concrete or other hardening materials on construction sites. 43 cl, 47 dwg


The invention discloses an automatic special assembly machine for seat part bushes. The automatic special assembly machine comprises a rack. An inner support riveting system, a connecting rod riveting system and a discharging conveying belt are arranged on the rack. The connecting rod riveting system comprises a connecting rod storage mechanism, a connecting rod profiling locating jig, a bush A feeding mechanism, a bush B feeding mechanism, a bush A riveting mechanism, a bush B riveting mechanism and a connecting rod conveying mechanism. The inner support riveting system comprises a support body vibration disc, a bush C vibration disc, a support body profiling locating jig, a bush C riveting mechanism, a bush C feeding mechanism, a support body feeding mechanism and a support body discharging mechanism. On one device, the bush C is automatically riveted to an inner support, the bush A and the bush B are riveted to a connecting rod, and general production of cushion connecting rod parts is achieved. Automatic assembly and press fitting of products and the bushes are achieved. The production takt is improved and improved to 3,600 PCS/H/one person from 1,200 PCS/H/two persons. The work intensity of workers is reduced, and the product percent of pass is increased.


In this paper, the notion of probabilities has been introduced to plan a visibility-based path to cope with real-world uncertainties. A mobile robot needs to either minimize (covert) or maximize (overt) its exposure to an initially known or suspected entities' positions. Those positions can be inaccurately estimated or have the possibility of change as the entities may move unpredictably. Promising results have been shown when testing the planning technique on a simulated environment. A number of test cases are presented for both covert and overt applications.


Are mergers and acquisitions significant events that develop informativeness? Is the informativeness process the same in different countries? Looking only at cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) is insufficient and the results are sometimes contradictory. To answer to these questions we use the concept of informativeness to assess whether acquisitions improve the private information content of stock prices. We consider a sample of mergers and acquisitions in the US and Europe over the 2000–2013 period. We gauge informativeness by using different measures. First, we refer to the use of the synchronicity measure introduced by Roll (1988). We also refer to Amihud's (2002) illiquidity ratio and the Llorente et al.'s (2002) measure of informed trading to proxy informativeness. We relate these three measures to the analysts' activity to forecast EPS. We show that the disclosure process is partially linked to the sign and magnitude of the acquirer's abnormal return (CARs) at the announcement date. Informativeness of the stock price does not improve systematically between before and after the acquisition. It changes asymmetrically depending on the upward or downward forecast revisions after the acquisition.


One of the challenging tasks in meteorology today is the investigation of the climate and its change due to anthropogenic influence. A better understanding of the climate and its development over the northern and central part of Europe is the aim of BALTEX (Baltic Sea Experiment) the European climate program for the catchment area of the Baltic Sea. In BALTEX, one of the 5 regional programs in GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment), the main scientific aim is the investigation of the energy and water budget of the BALTEX-region. For this purpose numerical models are applied. Such models need, however, a careful validation. The goal of our study is to use satellite observations, in particularly those in the microwave spectral range, for a validation of the numerical results of REMO, one of the main models applied in BALTEX. This work presents a new method. The output parameters of REMO (i.e. temperature and humidity profiles, surface wind, cloud water) are used as input for a radiative transfer model to calculate the microwave radiances at satellite level. These simulated radiances or brightness temperatures are compared with those measured by the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/1) on the DMSP-satellites. Newtonian iteration, which was first used by Rodgers (1976) to retrieve temperature profiles from remote measurements of thermal radiation, is applied to minimize the differences between the observed and the calculated microwave radiances depending on the variation of the geophysical parameters. In our method we use only those geophysical parameters which contribute most to the microwave signal of SSM/1, i.e. total precipitable water, surface wind, liquid water content. These three modified parameters which describe the actual state of the atmosphere are compared with the unmodified output of REMO to estimate the accuracy of the model. Calculations for May and June 1993 show that REMO overestimates on average total precipitable water and underestimates surface wind speed. These results are similiar to those calculated by a second method where the REMO simulations are compared with geophysical parameters evaluated by regression-algorithms using SSM/1-brightness temperatures. Applying the second method one should keep in mind that the algorithms applied to determine geophysical parameters from satellites have statistical uncertainties. A fur-


To determine the constraints facing fish farmers and affecting the profitability of aquaculture farms, this study was conducted in different regions of Egypt. The data were collected by using a semi-structured interview with a questionnaire.


A ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of alkene-tethered isoxazol-5(4H)-ones affording pyridines has been developed. Di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted pyridines were obtained from various isoxazolones in go...


The Olympic Games, both ancient and modern, have been the cynosure for the development of sports throughout the world. It is only natural that in the circumstances surrounding the Games contemporary medical theory and practice relating to sports should be characteristically reflected. The role of the physician as medical supervisor of the athletes, and even as a competitor himself, engages our interest as an indication of the historical involvement of the medical profession with sports. The medical problems encountered in training and competition and the preventive measures and treatment recommended offer significant insights into the development of medical research and practice. Training for the Ancient Games The tradition of sports and games originated with the Greeks at least five centuries before the first Olympic Games in 776 BC. 1(pp32-34) Homer describes the events which were held at the funeral of Patroclus during the siege of Troy in the 23rd book


A one-dimensional (1D) model of a plasma actuator has been developed. The plasma actuator is modeled as a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and is based on the numerical solution of the mass and momentum equations for electrons and ions in the drift-diffusion regime, and coupled with the Poisson equation for the self-consistent calculation of the electric field. An analytic representation of the force density on the neutral gas due to the presence of a plasma is derived, which is applicable within the drift-diffusion regime. The code is validated by comparison to previous calculations and then applied to a series of test problems to examine the behavior of the plasma force density.


The observation of the passenger compartment using an interior RADAR becomes challenging when a vehicle is in motion. The signal received by the RADAR sensor measures not only the target's motion that we would like to detect, e.g., vital signs, but also a second, unwanted motion induced by exterior effects, e.g., displacement caused by the road, strong wind gusts, or car engine vibrations. Consequently, traditional techniques used to remove white Gaussian noise cannot be applied in this scenario. We propose a theoretical framework to investigate the denoising of a signal received by an interior RADAR using accelerometer measurements and a mechanical model to generate the cancellation signal stemming from the (unwanted) vibrational motion. We explain the denoising technique and show that the fundamental idea behind the cleaning process works well. Our observations are corroborated by a robust mathematical model and verified by simulations. Furthermore, the aforementioned denoising techniques enable us to formulate and solve an optimization problem to find an estimation for the passenger's mass in certain cases.


The changes of anisotropic texture of foreign coals were examined.It was showed that anisotropic texture from Vitrinite is equal to Japanese coals.In medium volatile coals, first star structure appeared, then it was changed to fibrous texture.In low volatile coals, the changes from droplet to completely fibrous texture was shown.Anisotropic texture from inert maceral are classified into Fusitelike and Fragmentary texture.Quantitative analysis of anisotropic texture was examined about coke, which produced in 250kg standard test coke oven.Good correlation was established between anisotropic texture and coke qualities.We insisted that the study for inprovement of coke quality had to pursue the change of anisotropic texture during plastic state.


The article deals with the characteristics of religious discourse and peculiarities of religious consciousness; it is noted that religion and religious consciousness influence many constituents of culture and as a result of such influence religious philosophy, religious morality, religious art arise. Religious principle forms the basis of any culture. Main features and levels of religious consciousness realization are considered in the article. A large number of lexical units having religious origin and functioning in the language are evidence of the impact of religion on the culture formation. The impact of religion on the formation of culture is also manifested in common features of the normative base of a particular religion and culture in which it functions and the basis of which it forms.


A novel method for shaping ultrashort pulses is demonstrated using a high resolution, high efficiency (85%), reflective, 4096 element liquid crystal SLM in a prism-based apparatus. We demonstrate dispersion correction and pulse-shaping with this device.


BACKGROUND
Our purpose was to determine whether glenoid retroversion associates with asymmetric rotator cuff muscle atrophy in eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) and if this asymmetry is worsening of GHOA-related atrophy.

METHODS
Two groups of shoulder magnetic resonance images were studied: patients older than 50 years without a rotator cuff tear or GHOA (control group) and patients preoperative to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (GHOA group). Retroversion and rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional areas were measured using reliable and accurate techniques. Proportional muscle areas were created by dividing by total cuff area to correct for differences in overall patient size. Walch grades were assigned via consensus.

RESULTS
The control group consisted of 102 patients and the GHOA cohort consisted of 141 patients. Within the eccentric GHOA group, retroversion associated with relative increasing supraspinatus (r = 0.268, P = 0.035), increasing infraspinatus (r = 0.273, P = 0.032), and decreasing subscapularis areas (r = -0.343, P = 0.006). However, the combined GHOA group had a significantly higher relative subscapularis area than the control group (P = 0.026).

CONCLUSION
In the eccentric GHOA, increasing retroversion is associated with increasing volume of the posterior cuff relative to the anterior cuff muscles, which is a reversal of the asymmetric increasing volume of the anterior cuff relative to the posterior cuff muscles seen with concentric GHOA.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic, level III.


OBJECTIVE
To establish an ex vivo cellular model of pannus, the aberrant overgrowth of human synovial tissue (ST).

METHODS
Inflammatory cells that infiltrated pannus tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were collected without enzyme digestion, and designated as ST-derived inflammatory cells. Single-cell suspensions of ST-derived inflammatory cells were cultured in medium alone. Levels of cytokines produced in culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. ST-derived inflammatory cells were transferred into the joints of immunodeficient mice to explore whether these cells could develop pannus. CD14 and CD2 cells were depleted by negative selection.

RESULTS
Culture of ST-derived inflammatory cells from 92 of 111 patients with RA resulted in spontaneous reconstruction of inflammatory tissue in vitro within 4 weeks. Ex vivo tissue contained fibroblasts, macrophages, T cells, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells. On calcium phosphate-coated slides, ST-derived inflammatory cell cultures showed numerous resorption pits. ST-derived inflammatory cell cultures continuously produced matrix metalloproteinase 9 and proinflammatory cytokines associated with osteoclastogenesis, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-8, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. More importantly, transferring ST-derived inflammatory cells into the joints of immunodeficient mice resulted in the development of pannus tissue and erosive joint lesions. Both in vitro development and in vivo development of pannus tissue by ST-derived inflammatory cells were inhibited by depleting CD14-positive, but not CD2-positive, cells from ST-derived inflammatory cells.

CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that overgrowth of inflammatory cells from human rheumatoid synovium simulates the development of pannus. This may prove informative in the screening of potential antirheumatic drugs.


Combatants in war cause immense damage. Not only do they destroy the environment, property, and resources; but they also wound, maim and kill (Lazar 2009: 699). Most importantly they kill – a deed that would normally be considered a moral atrocity (Lazar 2009:699). Individuals possess a right to life as a matter of justice, and as a consequence we all possess a corresponding duty to respect others claim to this right (Lazar 2009: 699). To kill is therefore a breach of that moral duty. Yet few would call into question the morality of an Allied combatant who killed a German soldier, during the course of battle, in World War II. As Lazar asserts, to kill in any context other than in war, or in self-defence[1] during ordinary circumstances, is a violation of our duty to uphold the right of others to life (Lazar 2009: 699-700). This implies that killing during war can be morally justified, at a minimum through appeals to selfdefence.


Quality of teaching has been perceived as the key characteristic in education,which greatly depends on improvements of teacher's cognition.The development of teacher education for teachers of cognitive research has entered a new stage of development.Based on the three theories,including Meta-cognitive theory,constructivism and anthropology,this paper emphasizes the significance of teacher practical knowledge during the development of foreign language teachers' cognitive ability to promote teachers' action research,enhance teachers' criticism and reflection awareness,and thus develop students' self-learning ability.


The corporate culture is defined as using to standardize a powerful unwritten regular system of the behavior under most situations of enterprise.The intension of this paper for state-owned corporate culture is elaborated.This paper gives some suggestions on how to develop corporate culture for state-owned enterprise and how to develop corporate culture for raising the competition ability of enterprise.


Part I: Regional Security, the Third World and World Order 1. Regional Security and the Third World 2. Regional Security and World Order in the 1980s Part II: Intra-state Dimensions of Regional Security 3.Internal Dimensions of Regional Security in Southeast Asia 4. Internal Cleavages and Regional Conflict: the Case of Lebanon Part III: Inter-state Dimensions of Regional Security 5. The Kampuchean Conflict and Regional Security 6. The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A View from Cairo 7. The Iran-Iraq War: Regime Security and Regional Security Part IV: Global Dimensions of Regional Security 8. Superpowers and Regional Security in Southeast Asia 9. The Superpowers and Regional Security in the Middle East Part V: Regional Organisation and Regional Security 10. ASEAN and Regional Security 11. The Gulf Co-operation Council and Regional Security 12. The Arab League: Between Regime Security and National Liberation


Blood flow in 226 aortocoronary vein bypass grafts in 125 patients was measured with an electromagnetic flow meter. Blood flow occurred primarily in diastole. Mean flow for each of the three main coronary arteries was 63 cc/min with a wide range for individual coronary arteries. The higher ranges of flow could be obtained if (a) bidirectional flow could be established with an end-to-side vein-coronary anastomosis in the presence of a proximal obstruction, and (b) the myocardium was normal. With optimal conditions, the flow in vein grafts will increase with time.


Reactive power consumption is an essential feature of any electrical equipment applied in electrical power systems. To accomplish its main task, i.e. the transfer of active power, an electrical device interacts with the system it is connected to. A common aim is to reduce the reactive power flow on the terminals of the equipment to a minimum. Therefore it's necessary to compensate the reactive power consumption by means of adequate measures. This can't be reached without precise investigation on the sources of reactive power emergence. This paper investigates the physical phenomena underlying the reactive power behavior of HVAC and HVDC transmission technologies. After having introduced a common mathematical definition of active, apparent and reactive power, reactive power is categorized and the concept is applied to analyze the aforementioned technologies.


A new concept of the practical stability of the positive fractional 2D linear systems is proposed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the practical stability and the asymptotic stability of the positive fractional 2D systems are established. It is shown that the checking of the practical stability and the asymptotic stability of positive fractional 2D linear systems can be reduced to testing the stability of corresponding 1D positive linear systems.


Mice have been selectively inbred for high or low juxtaglomerular (JG) indices for 4 generations. This resulted in separation of statistically distinct lines with high and low JG indices. It was shown that the JG index used was approximately normally distributed in these lines. The mice selected for a high JG index had a slightly but significantly lower blood pressure than mice selected for a low JG index or unselected mice. There was a negative linear relationship between adrenal weight and JG index in females but not in males. (Endocrinology 76: 486, 1965)


List of illustrations and tables Preface 1. Introduction: the prediction of criminal behavior 2. The study 3. Recidivists: a general profile 4. Comparisons with nonrecidivists 5. Comparisons across offender groups 6. Comparisons within offender groups 7. Final considerations References Appendix: interview form Index.


At the turning point of cross--century, the pouring of the economic knowledge puts the higher education of China into a new era of major adjustment, reform and development. The higher institutions is facing the opportunity as well as the challenge, and the scientific research in the higher institutions has become the key factors. This paper aims at providing a useful probe for the local higher institutions about how to adjust themselves and how to innovate to extricate from the present predicament.


A study was conducted to assess the effect of precipitation and age of waste on the stabilization of the dumped waste. Landfill gas samples at 1-m depth were collected from 13 waste landfill sites in Sri Lanka with different annual precipitation ranging from 1,000 to 4,000 mm and waste age ranging from 1 to 120 months. Typical landfill gases O2, N2, CH4 and CO2 were measured quantitatively by a gas chromatograph. Buried waste samples at 1-m depth were also taken from all locations to determine organic carbon contents in the residue (< 2 mm). With the age of wastes, the measured O2 and N2 concentration (ranged in 1 20% and 2 80% respectively) in collected landfill gas samples were increased and the CH4 and CO2 concentration (ranged in 0-60% and 1-68%, respectively) decreased, implying the buried wastes are getting stabilized within 120 months after dumped (typically in several decades in mid-latitude regions). However, the correlations between measured gas concentrations and the annual precipitations at the sampling site show no definite results. Organic carbon contents in the waste residues (ranged in 24-236 mg g -1 ) were not fully related to the waste age and the precipitation amount, while significant time-dependent decreases of the organic carbon contents can be observed in some investigated landfill sites. Further studies are needed with continuous monitoring of rainfall with gas emission.


TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta has a unique program in developing tawhid-based learning and entrepreneurship for children. This article aims to analyze the implementation of tawhid and entrepreneurship learning in the school. This research focuses on how the concept of tawhid and entrepreneur learning in TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta is, how the learning process is, and how the results are achieved. This type of research is descriptive interpretative qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study indicate: First, learning tawhid and entrepreneurship at TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta applies a simultaneous integrative concept by combining tawhid and entrepreneurship learning so that both are mutually reinforcing. Second, the implementation process of learning tawhid and entrepreneurship in TK Khalifah Gedongkuning Yogyakarta uses several methods and program activities. The method used is the method of advice, for example, habituation, singing, and stories or stories. Meanwhile, the program of activities includes outing class, cooking class, and market day. Third, the learning outcomes of tawhid and entrepreneurship are forming an attitude of independence, creativity, discipline, honesty, confidence, and responsibility for students. These findings reference managers of educational institutions and early childhood education teachers to formulate policies and implement monotheism-based learning and entrepreneurship in children.


Investors looking to integrate digital assets into a traditional, diversified multi-asset portfolio need to formulate appropriate risk and return assumptions for them. Using the case of bitcoin, we argue that due to the short duration of available returns and the extreme volatility of the asset, historical returns are an unreliable basis for directly formulating forward return expectations. We also show that bitcoin's return characteristics require an emphasis on such portfolio construction considerations as rebalancing frequency that are often peripheral in traditional asset allocation studies. We then demonstrate an allocation approach that addresses these concerns. The main idea is to extract required return thresholds for a small bitcoin investment (1% or 5%) that need to be underwritten by the investor, rather than relying on explicit return expectations as the input. We show that these return thresholds are surprisingly low, illustrating that the broader multi-asset portfolio perspective is critical when making investment decisions regarding high-volatility assets like bitcoin.


To fulfill the requirements of New York regional transportation, land use, and air quality study, a best practice model system including both travel demand and land use models is being developed for analyzing travel and location choices in the New York Metropolitan region. In order to analyze the effects of changes in land use patterns on the travel demands and test "what-if" scenarios regarding alternative land use policies, a land use model system should be incorporated in the analytical procedure of travel choice. Since the land use models were developed based on different theories and designed for solving different problems, it is essential for transportation analysts to study the feasibility of application of land use models based on local information.


Core-level Spectroscopy in Condensed Systems describes how recent improvement of various experimental methods, together with new light and x-ray sources, have provided fresh information about the electronic states and atomic structures of a wide variety of materials. The topics coveredrange from the high-energy spectroscopy of bulk electronic states of rare-earth and transition metals and compounds, including high T superconductors, to recent developments in photoelectron diffraction and other surface problems, all with emphasis on theoretical aspects.


We present a new analysis of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer observations of the 2002 outburst of the transient X-ray nova 4U 1543-47. We focus on observations in the high/soft state, and attempt to measure the "spin" of the black hole by simultaneously fitting the thermal disk continuum and by modeling the broadened iron k-shell emission lines and additional blurred reflection features. Previous works have found that use of these methods individually returns contradictory values for the dimensionless spin parameter a* = cJ/GM2. We find that when used in conjunction with each other, a moderate spin is obtained () that is actually consistent with both other values within errors. We discuss limitations of our analysis, systematic uncertainties, and implications of this measurement, and compare our result to those previously claimed for 4U 1543-47.