We bound the difference in performance measures among different orders of tandem queues when service times are nonoverlapping. Two types of nonoverlapping service times, with respect to w.r.t. tasks and w.r.t. customers, are defined; it is not required that service times be independent. For nonoverlapping service times w.r.t. tasks, we bound the sample-path difference in number of customers in system by one, and bound the corresponding time-average difference by the traffic intensity of the longest station. For nonoverlapping service times w.r.t. customers, we bound the difference in mean sojourn time when the service times are bounded random variables. While we are motivated by probabilistic results, our methods and results are entirely deterministic.


The article presents an analysis of property taxation in OECD countries and Russia, the dynamics of the proceeds of property taxes in Russia, and their structure. The significance of property taxes in Russia and the United States, including their distribution by level of the budget is considered. Solved the problem of property taxation in Russia. The prospects of introducing property tax in the Russian Federation are explored.


Historically, the economic problems of Appalachia have been closely linked to the problems of the coal industry, which, with its boom and bust cycles, often has intensified the conditions of poverty, unemployment, out-migration, and capital flight from the area. For more than a decade it has been national economic policy "to develop in Appalachia a self-sustaining economy capable of supporting the people with rising incomes, improving standards of living and increasing employment opportunities" [1, p. 64]. It has been widely hypothesized that this societal goal will be achieved through exogenous increases in demand for coal as the result of its substitution for other energy sources. Therefore a study was made of the impacts of the increased demand for coal on the economies of the 18 coal-producing counties in Appalachian Kentucky.


Objective: To investigate the role of double-plane high tibial osteotomy in the repair of Posterolateral Complex (PLC) damage with bad lower limb force line.
Methods: A total of 56 cases of patients with PLC injuries who were admitted to our hospital from February 2015 to November 2016 were divided into the study group (n=28) and the control group (n=28) using the random distribution method. The patients in the study group underwent double-plane high tibial osteotomy, whereas the patients in the control group underwent the conventional conservative treatment method. The relative position of the mechanical axis of the lower limb passing through the tibia, the tibial caster angle, the tibial retroposition distance, and the lateral interval opening degree of the patients were compared 1 year postoperative. The postoperative joint function was evaluated using the Lysholm scoring system.
Results: The relative position of the mechanical axis of the lower limb passing through the tibia and the tibial caster angle recovery of the patients in the study group were higher than those of the patients in the control group. By contrast, the tibial retroposition distance and the lateral interval opening degree of the patients in the study group were lower than those of the patients in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The Lysholm score of the patients in the study group was significantly higher than that of the patients in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.9088, P=0.0267).
Conclusion: PLC damage of the knee joint with bad lower limb force line was treated with double-plane high tibial osteotomy. The postoperative effect was satisfactory, and knee function recovery was better compared with that of conventional treatment. Such results are worth popularizing.


Microcystins (MCs) released during cyanobacterial blooms induce immense toxic manifestations in animals and humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized MC as a possible carcinogen. Research indicates that aside from the liver, MCs can negatively impact the intestine. Interestingly, less attention exists with respect to MCs effects on the intestine in spite of the organ being the focal site of the toxins' uptake. Compiling data from in vivo and in vitro studies, the current review summarized available literature on the impact of MCs on intestinal health. In addition, the toxins' uptake, accumulation, and various methods used to determine intestinal toxicity were elucidated.


PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of metal oxide nano-plate on a non-polar organic solvent-ice interface and a metal oxide nano-plate manufactured by using thereof are provided to shorten manufacturing time and reduce manufacturing cost. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of metal oxide nano-plate on a non-polar organic solvent-ice interface comprises the following steps: forming metal oxide nano-plate on surface of ice by processing sol-gel reaction in a mixture of precursor of the metal oxide and ice; removing ice and water from the mixture solution in which the metal oxide nano-plate is formed; and collecting the metal oxide nano-plate. A manufacturing method of the metal oxide nano-plate comprises the following steps: adding ice in the mixture solution of the non-polar organic solvent and titanium dioxide precursor; and forming the metal oxide nano-plate by the sol-gel reaction in interface between ice and the non-polar organic solvent.


Diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome complicated clinical disease,illness repeatedly,govemance debate in three phases,with eayiy Liver,spleen mid-and late Wenshen,in conjunction with diet,emotional regulation,and achieved good effect.


With the development of deep learning and information technologies, intelligent fault diagnosis has been further developed, which achieves satisfactory identification of mechanical faults. However, the lack of labeled samples and complex working conditions can hinder the improvement of diagnostics models. In this article, a novel method called Information Fusion-based Meta-Learning (IFML) is explored for fault diagnosis with few-shot problems under different working conditions. Firstly, an information fusion and embedding module is applied to perform both data- and feature-level fusion of multi-source. The embedding module only contains one input layer and multiple convolutions, residual and batch normalization (BN) layers, which has the advantage of low computational cost and high generalization. Then the prototypical module is proposed to reduce the influence of domain-shift caused by different working conditions using the fusion representation, which can improve the performance of fault diagnosis. The approach is verified on artificial and real faults under 4 different working conditions from the KAt-DataCenter at Paderborn University. For the 3-way 1-shot classification on Task T1, the average testing accuracy of the proposed method is 97.14%. For the K-shot classification on different tasks, the proposed method achieves the highest average testing accuracy of 94.21%. The results show the proposed method outperforms other typical meta-learning methods in terms of testing accuracy and generalization capability.


This paper provides an analytical overview of related literature published during the past decade on rural population's information needs and acquisition in China, with a view to informing the world research community and policy makers of what has been found about the information needs of the world's largest rural population and to promoting dialogue between interested researchers within and outside China. Results from related studies are summarized; major methodological features of these studies are noted; practical and theoretical implications of major findings are critically analyzed. Although the results from related studies are not directly comparable due to their differences in research methods and contexts, it is nevertheless possible to draw some common conclusions regarding the rural population's information needs and information source preferences. Related research has overwhelmingly showed that rural residents have an extensive range of information needs, with agricultural technological information, market information, income generation information and policy information being the most needed; and that they rely very much on interpersonal relationships for acquiring both general information and information for agriculture production. The primary objectives of most studies are pragmatic rather than theoretical.


An Evolutionary Geometry Parametrization for Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Xiaocong Han Masters of Applied Science Graduate Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Toronto 2011 An evolutionary geometry parametrization is established to represent aerodynamic configurations. This geometry parametrization technique is constructed by integrating the classical B-spline formulation with the knot insertion algorithm. It is capable of inserting control points to a given parametrization without modifying its geometry. Taking advantage of this technique, a shape design problem can be solved as a sequence of optimizations from the basic parametrization to more refined parametrizations. Owing to the nature of the B-spline formulation, feasible parametrization refinements are not unique; guidelines based on sensitivity analysis and geometry constraints are developed to assist the automation of the proposed optimization sequence. Test cases involving airfoil optimization and induced drag minimization are solved adopting this method. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through comparisons with optimizations using uniform refined parametrizations.


Sensor comprises a conductor layer, has a detection region, a detection layer containing a plurality of detection units arranged two-dimensionally in the detection region, and a plurality of structures that separate the conductive layer and detection layer. Among the plurality of detector, the detector unit on the peripheral side of at least the detection region, and from the periphery of the detection region than the reference position of the two-dimensional array is provided at a position shifted inward direction. .FIELD 1


The wholesale business should survive, develop, with retailing and concurrently selling in batches dancing together, it is compatible to provide and deliver the system with the logistics; Divide the work with the professional market of the scale thinningly.


With the increase of the number of aircrafts, spectrum resources are becoming more and more scarce, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications have been greatly affected. Cognitive radio (CR) technology can improve spectrum utilization and solve the problem of shortage of spectrum resources in the UAV communications. Due to the high speed of UAVs and the rapid changes in the spectrum environment, traditional spectrum prediction methods cannot be applied to the UAV communications. Based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) spectrum prediction and the Homotopy theory, this paper proposes a new spectrum prediction method that can be applied to the UAV communications. We use simulated data and experimental data to predict the spectrum status. The prediction results show that the new spectrum prediction method for UAV communications can work well even if there is no a-priori information of spectrum at most places of the UAV flight path.


The bending and residual stress of flip chips caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion between the chip and the substrate have been measured by polychromatic microfocused synchrotron x-ray beam. Precise orientation information as a function of position on the chip was obtained from Laue diffraction patterns, so that the bending angle with respect to a reference position at the center of the chip can be calculated at each position. This in turn allows deducing the local curvature of the entire flip chip. Local stress distribution was then mapped by applying a modified Stoney's stress-strain equation to the measured curvature. Our study shows that thermal stress on the circuits and the solder joints in a flip chip strongly depend on temperature and the distance from the center of the chip, indicating that interconnects at the corner and edge of a flip chip are of reliability concerns.


This work presents the noise behaviour due to the applied Dual Material Gate (DMG) on the 75 nm n‐channel Silicon On Insulator (SOI) device operating in the fully depletion mode, particularly for microwave circuit design. Influences of DMG properties namely the gate length ratio (L1:L2) and gate material workfunction difference (ΔΦM) as well as structural and operational parameters which are silicon thickness (TSi) and threshold voltage (VTH) setting variation on the noise performance were carried out on simulation basis using ATLAS 2D. Results show better noise performance in DMG as compare to the standard gate structure of FD‐SOI devices. Higher VTH for DMG design is recommended for minimized noise figure in line with the advantage of inverse VTH roll‐off characteristics for short channel effects suppression.


The aim of this paper is to introduce and study two new classes of spaces, namely -normal and -regular spaces in topological spaces. The relationships among normal, p-normal, -normal, -normal and -normal spaces are investigated. Moreover, we introduced some functions such as g-closed, -g-closed, pre -open. We obtained some characterizations of -normal and -regular spaces, properties of the forms of g-closed functions and preservation theorems for -normal and -regular spaces.


699 At the end of 2017, the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) in Boston opened a new permanent exhibit entitled "Daily Life in Ancient Greece."1 As the museum's website press release indicates, the installation consists of more than 250 objects, one-third of which have not been on display before.2 The exhibit in Gallery 212A–B shares a room with the earlier installation of ancient coins in Gallery 212C (fig. 1) and is a pendant to the other thematic exhibits of the permanent collection housed in Gallery 215A–C, which focus on themes of Homer and the Epics, Dionysos and the Symposium, and Theater and Performance. The themes of the new exhibit complement these earlier installations, and the new areas have a similar design, using cases with gray tones and beige labels. This and the subdued lighting work to unite the Greek installations visually on either side of the much lighter room of Roman art (Galleries 213 and 214) that lies between them, at the head of the stairs from the first floor. The old installation followed a more traditional organizational scheme, concentrating on period, medium, attribution, and object type. With the new permanent exhibit, most of the Greek art on display at the MFA is now thematically organized and is more densely populated. As the museum's website explains, many objects were conserved beforehand in a publicly viewable lab, giving the public a chance to see a wide range of media being treated.3 This certainly brought well-deserved attention to more utilitarian or modest objects like tools, terracottas, and plainware pottery. The gallery must have presented a design challenge, as one entrance to the room leads from the Roman gallery into the coin gallery on the east end of Gallery 212, and the two other doors, at the west end, provide a transit path that connects the Roman gallery to a hallway with Roman sculpture (fig. 2). The change in light, palette, and case design from 213 to 212 does signal that you have left Rome, but the subtlety and restrained design do not immediately draw the visitor's attention to the exhibit nor boldly announce its theme. However, if one does turn to engage with the exhibit, the restrained design focuses attention on a wealth of objects whose scale and variety can and do attract the interest of viewers. Observation of the flow of visitors through the gallery on a crowded open-admission Saturday showed the layout and


Carney-Stratakis Syndrome (CSS), first described in 2002 [1], encompasses Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) and Paragangliomas (PGLs) and has autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance [2]. Germline mutations of Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) complex subunits and consequent SDH functional deficiency have been identified as responsible for CSS [3]. Here, we present a case with a new mutation site in SDHB that has not yet been reported.


Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.) is one of the most troublesome weed species in tangerine orchards of Thailand. Due to the continuous emergence pattern of tropical spiderwort, integrated control will be required. Two field studies were conducted in Chaing Mai province to evaluate the effectiveness of post- and pre-emergence herbicides on tropical spiderwort. Firstly, glufosinate-ammonium at 0.563 kg a.i./ha was the most effective herbicide giving complete control of C. benghalensis at 4 WAT. In contrast, glyphosate at 1.8 kg ai/ha was poorly effective on C. benghalensis with less than 34% control at 2 WAT and no control at 4 WAT. Paraquat at 0.856 kg a.i./ha gave an excellent control for two weeks but the weed could regenerate new shoots from the remaining stems at 4 WAT. Secondly, two pre-emergence herbicides, diuron and indaziflam at the rates of 1.5 and 0.075 kg ai/ha were applied after weed removal. The results showed that indaziflam was very effective on C. benghalensis with only 6 ± 2.6 seedlings/m 2 at 4 WAT. whereas diuron gave a moderate control of C. benghalensis resulting in 49 ± 23 seedlins/m 2 . In conclusion, hoe weeding prior to removal of the vegetative stems from the field and followed with application of glufosinate ammonium tank mixed with indaziflam gave an effective control of C. benghalensis and other weed species without injury to tangerine plants. However, herbicides with different mode of action may be required to prevent herbicide resistance.


The paper introduced the research status of plastic film residue collectors,and discussed the classifications and the characteristics of plastic film residue collectors in China.It analyzed also the structures of the typical collectors,and pointed out the problems and trends of plastic film residue collectors' research,the results provided the reference for plastic film residue collectors' research.


The role of the nurse within the ethical dimensions of clinical practice has matured and changed over the years. This article discusses the Code of Ethics for Nurses and how the nurse practicing in end-of-life care can apply the code to clinical situations that may arise. The specific dilemma of "being in the middle" is discussed.


Circular external fixators are fundamental to lower limb reconstruction, primarily in situations with a high risk of infection such as open fractures. During the Covid-19 pandemic, use of circular frames in our unit decreased, following departmental approval, due to resource management and in keeping with BOA guidelines as we opted to "consider alternative techniques for patients who require soft tissue reconstruction to avoid multiple operations". These alternatives included the use of internal fixation (plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing) as a measure to reduce the number of hospital attendances for patients and to conserve resources. This change in practice has continued in part following the pandemic with the increased use of internal fixation in cases previously deemed unsuitable for such techniques. We present our experience of this treatment strategy in the management of complex lower limb injuries, focusing on outcomes and consider the lessons learnt.Data of patients with complex lower limb injuries treated before, during and after the pandemic were collected from our in-house trauma database, theatre records and follow up clinics. The rationale for choosing other techniques over a circular frame, the type of alternative technique used, the cost of such alternatives, the need for soft tissue reconstruction, time to recovery, complications and amputation rates were compared among groups.These data suggest comparable outcomes between circular frames and alternative techniques can be achieved. A notable reduction in the number of circular frames applied during the review period was observed. Furthermore, frame fixation was associated with more frequent outpatient review and the associated implications for resource management.Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic has posed great challenges to the Trauma and Orthopaedic community, forcing us to be flexible by adopting alternative treatment methods to traditional circular external fixation. These alternatives have proven feasible and potentially more cost effective, prompting their adoption in the post pandemic era. However, this change of practice is not without potential consequences and continued investigation is warranted.


Abstract In this work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a German shepherd. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,727 bp. It contained the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a non-coding control region (D-loop region). The arrangement of these genes was the same as that found in other dogs. All the protein initial codons were ATG, except for ND2, ND3 and ND5 starting with ATA. Sequence comparison indicates that D-loop region harbors most sequence variations.


Based on the data of geometric alignment and traffic accidents which are obtained from mountainous freeway,the relationships between accident rate and geometric alignment are analyzed.Firstly,the accident rate related to each of the specific alignment indexes such as the length of tangent,radius of horizontal curve,external angle of deflection,longitudinal gradient and radius of vertical curve are determined.Then,the accidents occurred on highway segments of tangent followed by horizontal curve,longitudinal gradient versus horizontal curve,horizontal curve versus vertical curve,broken-back curve,and multi-vertical curves are discussed.Furthermore,the accident rates on complex highway segments having more than two alignment conditions are summarized.The research results will be helpful to improve the safety situation of mountainous freeway,and can also be applied for optimizing the highway geometric design.


The paper introduces underground geophysical detection technology applied in coal mines,focusing on the improvement of in-advance geophysical detection techniques such as Rayleigh wave and direct current methods.In combination with the application in Qitaihe,Pingdingshan and other mines,the potential of in-advance geological prediction in underground mines was analyzed and the d evelopment orientation of in-advance underground geophysical detection technology was put forward.


We present the results of a friendly competition for formal verification of continuous and hybrid systems with nonlinear continuous dynamics. The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in 2022. This year, 6 tools Ariadne, CORA, DynIbex, JuliaReach, Kaa and KeYmaera X (in alphabetic order) participated. These tools are applied to solve reachability analysis problems on six benchmark problems, two of them featuring hybrid dynamics. We do not rank the tools based on the results, but show the current status and discover the potential advantages of different tools.


Ultraviolet spectra of a hot subdwarf star located behind the remnant of SN 1006 have been obtained with the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. The FOS UV spectra show strong and extremely broad Fe II λ2343, λ2374, λ2382, λ2586, and λ2599 lines in absorption from the supernova remnant, confirming an earlier detection with the International Ultraviolet Explorer. The better resolution and signal-to-noise of the FOS spectra allow for the removal of narrow interstellar and stellar lines and the deblending of the broad Fe II lines, resulting in an intrinsic Fe II profile suitable for detailed comparison with model predictions


IGRF 1965, the first international geomagnetic reference field, was adopted by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) in 1968 (IAGA Commission 2, Working Group 4, 1969). It consists of a model of the main field at 1965.0, along with a model of secular variation for use in extending the main field model in time, both backward (not earlier than 1955.0) and forward (not later than 1975.0). IGRF 1975, adopted later, consists of IGRF 1965 extended to 1975.0, along with a revised model of secular variation for use in extending the main field model up to 1980.0 (IAGA Division I Study Group, 1976).


Clostridium lituseburense Me1-3 isolated from Meraran lake in East Nusa Tenggara was identified based on its 16S rRNA sequence analysis. This isolate produced maximum protease activity after 21 hours of cultivation in liquid media. The protease displayed maximum hydrolitic activity at 30 oC and pH 7.5. Divalent ion Co2+ at 5 mM concentration increased enzyme activity to approximately 300%. Key words: Clostridium lituseburense, protease


Objective: The present study was designed to study the effect of common carp and African catfish oils on the lipid profiles and liver functions in rats fed on high-fat diets, also fatty acids were assessed in both oils by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Methods: A biological experiment on rats was designed to raise fat in the diet and to study the effect of treatment with common carp and African catfish oils for 6 w (by the stomach tube) and then evaluate their impact on blood lipid profile and liver functions (Alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST] total protein and albumin). Results: GLC analysis of fatty acids (FAs) revealed the presence of oleic, palmitic, palmitolic, and linoleic acids more than 70% from total fatty acids in two oils. High-fat diet resulted in a significant increase in plasma lipid profile as well as liver functions. The treatment of rats fed high fat diets with common carp and African catfish oils resulted in a significant decrease in levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-denisty lipioprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC)/high-denisty lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and TGs/HDL-c ratios compared with positive control group, while the same treatment with these oils resulted in a significant increase in HDL-c levels compared with positive control group. The intake of common carp and African catfish oils also significantly reduced ALT and AST activities compared with positive control group. Common carp and African catfish oils showed an anti-hyperlipidemic effect in rats feeding on hypercholesterolemic diets. Conclusion: It could be concluded that these fish oils have a promising role in reducing the harmful effects of high-fat diets.


Characteristics of learning materials physics is sometimes very difficult to understand, requires the ability to control and manage the change between the different representations simultaneously. Representation is most often used by teachers are mathematical representations that other representations are often overlooked. On learning of physics required a thorough understanding of the concept that students can solve a problem in physics with good.Then to improve the quality of student learning, researchers will create a physics-based learning development is complex interactive multimedia on the subject of physics. Multimedia development that will be developed to have six stages, namely, concept, design, content collecting material, assembly, testing and distribution, to eventually used in the development of interactive media more particularly on the subject of physics. By results of data analysis showed an increase in the first cycle of 7.69% and the second cycle of 9.12%. Increased student learning outcomes is because during the learning process, teachers use interactive multimedia learning.


The estimation of location based on the time varying Electric Network Frequency (ENF) is a new emerging technology in Information Forensics. This requires the extraction of the ENF signal from multimedia recordings and a comparison with already known power grids from different locations. The decision making is possible using machine learning algorithms. In this report, we focus on ENF signal extraction and statistical modelling of ENF signals. We extract features and develop a classification system to accurately identify region-of-recording.


SUMMARY H-2 isoantisera were adsorbed on to the surface of mouse lymphocytes and were shown to inhibit to varying degrees the subsequent adsorption of non-crossreacting H-2 isoantisera. Mutual inhibition of adsorption of two isoantisera onto the lymphocyte was also demonstrated in kinetic experiments. The suggested explanation for the observations is that H-2 isoantigenic sites of different specificity are sufficiently close together on the surface of the cell that the presence of the first type of antibody sterically inhibits the adsorption of the second. The effect was demonstrated with IgG fractions of antisera in one case, suggesting that the spacing of the sites is less than or equal to the size of an IgG molecule.


Currently, friction shear dowels (steel stirrups) are being used in bridge construction at the interface plane between the cast-in-place deck slab and the precast girder to ensure the composite action for stronger cross section. As the bridge deck slab deteriorated over time due to the environmental conditions, these shear steel dowels are also susceptible to sever corrosion and will need replacement, especially when de-icing salt is used. This results in gradual loss of the composite behavior and strength of the composite section. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) reinforcements have shown to be an effective alternative to black steel as flexure and shear reinforcement for RC elements over the past 10 years. This research project aims to investigate a new application for FRP reinforcement as friction shear reinforcement between the precast and cast-in-place concrete members to overcome the corrosion problem and the corresponding high maintenance cost. This paper investigates the visibility of using FRP as shear-friction reinforcement (connectors) through push-off experimental tests on concrete specimens with Glass FRP (GFRP) shear connectors. The tested parameters included the shear connector's reinforcement ratio, geometry and layout. Test results are presented in terms of comparisons of the ultimate capacity and failure mode against steel reinforced ones as well as load-slip and load-strain relationships. Test results indicates an outstanding capacity and behavior of GFRP shear connectors compared to steel ones.


The emotional stability as the factor of determining of learning activity efficiency of military institution cadets is considered. The concept of emotional stability is specified; emotional stability criteria of its evaluation are indicated. The results of the personality characteristics empirical study, an idea of emotional stability level are given. The influence level degree of military institution cadets' emotional stability on cadets' efficiency were identified. Тhe gender differences in diagnosed indexes were identified.


Objective To summarize the experience of small intestine fold arrange operation for extensive intestinal obstruction due to adhesions.Methods Among 686 cases of intestinal obstruction between Oct. 1985 and Sep. 2001, clinical data of 76 cases (48 cases of adhesions loose and small intestine fold arrange operation, 28 cases of excision of part small intestine and small intestine fold arrange operation) of extensive intestinal obstruction due to adhesions diagnosed in operation were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seventy four ( 97.37% ) patients were cured and two died ( 2.63% ). Forty five patients were subjected to a follow up of 1 month to 16 years. No complications occurred. Infectious shock was the main dead cause.Conclusion Small intestine fold arrange operation is an effective way for extensive intestinal obstruction due to adhesions.


Objective To evaluate the mortality and morbility of children with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) following treatment with decompressive craniectomy and further analyze its long-term outcomes. Methods Seventeen children with sTBI undergone decompressive craniectomy between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively studied.Quality of life of the patients who survived the operation was assessed by using the King' s outcome scale for childhood head injury (KOSCHI). Results Of 17 children with sTBI,the mean preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 5.27.Five children (29%) died postoperatively,of whom three children were died of cerebral infarction.Twelve children who survived the operation were followed up for average 4.6 years,which showed the mean KOSCHI score of 4.75.Among the 12 survivors,five patients (42%) experienced posttraumatic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and four (33%) suffered ipsilateral and/or contralateral hygroma. Conclusions Although a high mortality rate is observed in the children with sTBI after decompressive craniectomy,the survived patients have satisfactory outcomes. Posttraumatic hydrocephalus and hygroma are two common complications after decompressive craniectomy for children with sTBI.

Key words:
Craniocerebral trauma; Child; Outcome; Decompressive craniectomy


The uniform asymptotic theory (UAT) of diffraction for a half plane with two face impedance has been applied to arrive at expressions valid for both near as well as far field patterns of dielectric loaded and imperfect horns, it is found that the theory predicts the patterns correctly. The same formulation is valid for near as well as far fields with the pertinent values of radial distances.


We propose the use of finite state process algebra for modeling interactions between requesters, providers and middle-agents in global environments like the Internet. The results are threefold: (i) precise specification of interactions depending on type of middle-agent; (ii) understanding the requirements of parties involved in interactions; (iii) improvement of communication between designers and developers and enable of formal verification.


Arnold's book, aiming at &dquo;a sociological analysis of parole as a subsystem of the larger social system of juvenile corrections&dquo; presents an interesting exercise which may be effective as a doctoral dissertation. It is questionable, however, whether a book which writes off and avoids discussing psychological and other &dquo;determinants&dquo; can effectively achieve the stated goal of making &dquo;our control of delinquent behavior more effective.&dquo;


It is one thing to show a man that he is in an error, and another to put him in possession of truth.


Two-variable gamma process with generalized Eyring model have been widely used to assess the reliability of reliable products in engineering applications. Because no close forms of the maximum likelihood estimators for the model parameters can be derived and iterative procedure to evaluate the maximum likelihood estimate is very sensitive to the initial input and difficult to control, the analytic genetic algorithm, Gibbs sampling Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm and Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm methods are established and applied to implementing parameter estimation for the gamma process. The performance of those methods are evaluated through simulations. Simulation results show that the Markov chain Monte Carlo method based maximum likelihood estimates outperform the other competitors with smaller bias and mean squared error. The application of the proposed methods was illustrated with a lumen degradation data set of light-emitting diodes.


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of pedicle screw fixation and injured vertebral bone graft and facet joint grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with spinal cord compression.

Methods
A prospective controlled study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 60 patients with thoracolumbar fractures complicated with spinal cord compression from January 2015 to April 2017 in Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups in random number table method. Each group of 30 cases. The patients in the observation group were treated with pedicle screw fixation and injured vertebral bone graft and facet joint grafting in the observation group. The patients in the control group were treated with traditional posterior approach root screw fixation and transverse bone graft was performed. Tactile, vertebral height, motion and Cobb′s angle of the two groups were evaluated preoperatively and one month after operation. The patients were followed up by phone for six months. The ASIA score of the American Spinal Injury Association was used to evaluate the neurological function recovery of the two groups to observe the curative effect. Using SPSS 13.0 statistical software analysis, count data were expressed as percentage, measurement data were expressed by (±s), the two groups were compared using t test.

Results
The tactile sensation, vertebral height, motion and Cobb′s angle in observation group were significantly higher than those before operation (59.4 ± 17.3) scores, (58.8 ± 16.6) scores, (55.8 ± 23.6) scores and (54.5° ± 21.4°) scores respectively], in the control group [(75.6 ± 14.9) scores, (72.4 ± 14.5) scores, (76.8 ± 23.3) scores, (76.2° ± 23.5°)], with statistical differences (P<0.05). After the observation group was followed up for one month, the neurological function recovery was better than that of the control group (P<0.05).

Conclutions
Pedicle screw fixation and injured vertebral bone grafting via percutaneous multifidus muscle interspace can play an important role in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with compression of the spinal cord. It can significantly relieve spinal cord compression in patients.

Key words:
Thoracic vertebrae; Lumbar vertebrae; Fractures, bone; Pedicle screw; Vertebral bone graft


The aim. To study the features of the course of the neonatal period in children, perinatally exposed to HIV, who receive an enhanced regimen of chemoprophylaxis of HIV mother-to-child transmission.Patients and methods. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study of mother – child pairs for the period from 2017 to 2019 was carried out. The clinical observation group included HIV-positive women with a high risk of vertical transmission of the immunodeficiency virus (n = 213) and their newborn children (n = 214), who were prescribed an enhanced chemoprophylaxis regimen of HIV transmission from mother to child. Results. According to the results of the study of HIV-positive mothers we revealed a high prevalence of secondary diseases and a high per partum viremia – 1700 (222–18342) copies/ml. 35.9 % of children were born prematurely, 27.5 % – had low birth weight by gestational age. In newborns, diseases of the respiratory (24.3 %) and nervous (17.2 %) systems prevailed. 17.2 % of children developed intrauterine infection; HIV RNA was detected in 3.7 %. Congenital malformations were observed in 7.4 % of children. Symptoms of enteropathy were noted in 24.7 % of newborns. A decrease in red blood counts was found in all children by the 28th day of life (pw < 0.001).Conclusion. The study confirms the need for increased attention and improvement of approaches to medical support of children who were perinatally exposed to high risk of vertical HIV infection.


Nowadays, cloud applications are becoming more and more popular. However, in order for such applications to work, they need a stable Internet connectivity. To avoid the Internet access becoming a single point of failure, redundancy by multi-homing -- i.e. Simultaneous access to multiple Internet service providers (ISP) -- is becoming increasingly common as well. Multi-homing leads to the desire to utilise all network attachment points simultaneously, which is e.g. Provided by the Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) extension for TCP. MPTCP is still under development by researchers and standardisation in the IETF. Particularly, it is necessary to evaluate MPTCP under realistic Internet conditions. NORNET CORE is the world's first, large-scale Internet test bed for multi-homed systems and applications. It is therefore a useful platform for evaluating MPTCP. In this paper, we therefore present our NORNET CORE extension that adds MPTCP support to the test bed. Particularly, our extension is now available to all users of NORNET CORE as well, which significantly reduces the effort of MPTCP researchers to evaluate MPTCP and its improvements. In a proof of concept, we furthermore show the strengths and weaknesses of state-of-the-art MPTCP in NORNET CORE, in a configuration covering 29 ISP connections at 14 sites in 5 different countries.


The invention has a number of client computers are connected relates to a multi-function server system, that make the integration of the individual server function. The present invention multi-function server system to a number of by a client connection consisting of a computer, the groupware between the local computer is configured and the client data transmitting and receiving the data integrated management through a network including an intranet file server function, and the specified ID password of inducing a secure connection, and by the security server functions by the password and the decryption of the data to defend the physical attacks outside the system, fax machine connections via a direct connection between the printer and the public switched telephone network (PSTN), including external remote computer a number of the print job on the local computer and a printer server and a fax server function so that the fax transmission operation can be performed on provided there is a technical feature. Of the present invention multi-function server system is LAN (Local Area Network) and the network of the various functions at a low cost and manage network environments in an integrated manner in a company by the internet sharing and remote control of a number of computers connected to the Internet network via a single server system, various tasks according to the desired connection in which the advantages so that the infrastructure can be built, due to the benefits that can significantly reduce labor costs and operating costs of management personnel reduction of the single-server system management as well as its own VPN remote the space available and will be able to improve the efficiency of mobile workers.


Awater-soluble fruit wax have been attainted through the blend of nano-SiO2 and nature composite fruit wax with couple agent and stable agent. After coating onto the surface of fruit and airing, the nano-SiO2 modified wax film was formed with better mechanism performance. The adjusting ability of this film for the penetrating property of CO2 and O2 can be improved greatly; Meanwhile, the film have the ability of breath-proof and evaporation-proof for fruit. The efficiency of antistaling is better than others.


In this paper we present an algorithm and show that for any finite j, where j ≥ 3 and 2j - 1 ≤ n, there exists a (n, 2n) 4- regular bimagic graph of girth j with magic constants 4n - (j-2) and 5n - (j-2).


For the formation control problem of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots with actuator and formation dynamics, this paper propsed a new control strategy that integrated kinematic controller with input voltages controller of actuator. This control law was designed by backstepping technique based on formation control structure of leader-follower. The RBFNN was adopted to achieve on-line estimation for the dynamics nonlinear uncertain part for follower and leader robots. The adaptive robust controller was adopted to compensate modeling errors of neural network. This strategy not only solved the problem of parameters and non-parameter uncertainties of mobile robots, but also ensured the desired trajectory tracking of robot formation in the case of maintaining formation. The stability and convergence of the control system were proved by using the Lyapunov theory. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of this proposed method.


Abstract This study aimed to purport class teachers' perceptions on alternative assessment processes proposed by new Primary Mathematics Course Curriculum (1-5). The study was conducted with the participation of 214 teachers in 2009-2010 academic year. The data were gathered by a five-likert-type questionnaire of which Cronbach's Alpha was identified as 0.86 and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that teachers' perceptions about assessment processes are in accordance with those perceived through the program. However, teachers' responses towards the statement of 'students should be provided with the opportunity to present their products in the class.' was generally identified as 'perhaps'. Nevertheless, this response does not match with the program and may mean that teachers do not perceive project presentations as an important assessment tool.


Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of Chinese medicine Compound prescriptions Fuzheng Lishi Huoxue(FZLSHX) on duck hepatitis B virus(DHBV) DNA expression.Methods: One-day old Guangdong brown spotted ducks infected with DHBV congenitally being used as the HBV infected animal model were screened out by PCR and randomly divided into four groups: the high dose group,and low dose group of Compound FZLSHX,model group,positive control group(lamivudine,LMD),7 ducks every group,which were feeded with lamivudine,Compound FZLSHX respectively,totally 30 days.The content of DHBV DNA in serum were measured by Fluorescence Quantitative PCR.Results: The serum DHBV DNA content was decreased significantly by the treatment with high dose FZLSHX(compared with D0,P0.05) compare with model and with low dose FZLSHX(compared with D0,P0.01) compare with model group,P0.01).The fifth day After ceasing therapy(P5),The serum DHBV DNA content in low dose FZLSHX group was although lowered than its before treatment(P0.05).Conclusion:Chinese medicine Compound prescriptions Fuzheng Lishi Huoxue(FZLSHX) can inhibit significantly DHBV DNA expression,and low dose samely have more obvious long-term effect.


Smooth Operator When thin sheets are compressed they can buckle and wrinkle, such as when the edges of a sheet of paper, or two areas of skin, are pushed together. Variations in local thickness and stiffness will alter the buckling patterns, but controlling this in a simple and predictable way is difficult. Kim et al. (p. 1201; see the Perspective by Sharon) used halftone lithography with two photomasks to create highly cross-linked dots embedded in a lightly cross-linked matrix of a swellable polymer. This material could generate "smooth" swelling profiles on thin sheets with arbitrary two-dimensional geometries so that complex three-dimensional structures could be produced. Halftone lithography can pattern two-dimensional swellable gels to produce complex three-dimensional shapes. Self-actuating materials capable of transforming between three-dimensional shapes have applications in areas as diverse as biomedicine, robotics, and tunable micro-optics. We introduce a method of photopatterning polymer films that yields temperature-responsive gel sheets that can transform between a flat state and a prescribed three-dimensional shape. Our approach is based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymers containing pendent benzophenone units that allow cross-linking to be tuned by irradiation dose. We describe a simple method of halftone gel lithography using only two photomasks, wherein highly cross-linked dots embedded in a lightly cross-linked matrix provide access to nearly continuous, and fully two-dimensional, patterns of swelling. This method is used to fabricate surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature (spherical caps, saddles, and cones) or zero mean curvature (Enneper's surfaces), as well as more complex and nearly closed shapes.


Groundwater concentrations tend to decline exponentially over time and distance due to natural attenuation or remedial actions. Exponential decline plots make use of existing data to empirically predict the time or distance to achieve groundwater protection standards and can be used in lieu of numerical modeling where there is a large amount of historical groundwater monitoring data for the site.


Fungal food spoilage plays a key role in the deterioration of food products, and finding a suitable natural preservative can solve this problem. Therefore, antifungal activity of green mandarin (Citrus reticulata) essential oil (GMEO) in the vapor phase against the growth of Penicillium (P.) expansum and P. chrysogenum inoculated on wheat bread (in situ experiment) was investigated in the current research. The volatile compounds of the GMEO were analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC–MS), and its antioxidant activity was determined by testing free radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH assay). Moreover, the disc diffusion method was used to analyze the antifungal activity of GMEO in in vitro conditions. The results demonstrate that the Citrus reticulata EO consisted of α-limonene as the most abundant component (71.5%), followed by γ-terpinene (13.9%), and β-pinene (3.5%), and it displayed the weak antioxidant activity with the value of inhibition 5.6 ±0.7%, which corresponds to 103.0 ±6.4 µg TEAC.mL-1. The findings from the GMEO antifungal activity determination revealed that values for the inhibition zone with disc diffusion method ranged from 0.00 ±0.00 (no antifungal effectiveness) to 5.67 ±0.58 mm (moderate antifungal activity). Finally, exposure of Penicillium strains growing on bread to GMEO in vapor phase led to the finding that 250 μL.L-1 of GMEO exhibited the lowest value for mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) of P. expansum (-51.37 ±3.01%) whose negative value reflects even supportive effect of the EO on the microscopic fungus growth. On the other hand, GMEO at this concentration (250 μL.L-1) resulted in the strongest inhibitory action (MGI: 54.15 ±1.15%) against growth of P. chrysogenum. Based on the findings it can be concluded that GMEO in the vapor phase is not an effective antifungal agent against the growth of P. expansum inoculated on bread; however, its antifungal potential manifested against P. chrysogenum suggests GMEO to be an appropriate alternative to the use of chemical inhibitors for bread preservation.


Examines the accepted principles of controlled indexing, in published abstracting/indexing services and databases from the unusual aspect of the publisher's need to minimize production costs. Detailed information concerning the production of Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) is presented showing income and costs. Ways in which factors involved in controlled indexing may be seen to manifest themselves in production parameters are shown by plotting graphs of the numbers of abstracts and index pages against numbers of abstracts for 77 individual issues of LISA. The close fit of the data to straight lines, with correlation coefficients approaching unity, provides a means of managing the size of individual issues to yield minimum printing/binding costs. The extended use of the Classification Research Group (CRG) classification notation to provide automatic extraction of chain indexing strings and associated cross-references is described in detail. The gains in staff productivity resulting from this and other procedures are indicated with reference to the expansion in LISA's coverage between 1978 and 1984.


Abstract : This MURI program continued into its final year; this report covers the eleven months from 1 August 2009 to 14 June 2010. The overall goal of this program is a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenology underlying the signatures generated by humans, the detection of those signatures using multiple sensor modalities, and the processing of those signatures to detect personnel. In particular, the objectives are to understand the physics of these signatures in traditionally difficult detection environments (buildings, caves, tunnels, camouflaged settings), identify sensor network constructs to record these signatures, and develop processing techniques (e.g., distributed processing) to exploit these signatures for personnel detection. During this reporting period, the technical efforts focused on three sensor domains: seismic/acoustics, electro-optics, and radar. Seismic/acoustics technical efforts investigated use of passive and active sensing modes. Electro-optics research focused on continued development of a multi-modal human signature & urban model, collecting motion data, development of motion-based detection algorithms, and developing techniques for detection in low pixel video sequences. Additional work focused on exploiting motion capture data for human motion characterization and discrimination. Radar-based research focused on investigating improving autoregressive modeling approaches for gait detection.


In Petrarch's hands, lyric verse was transformed from an expression of courtly devotion into a way of conversing with one's own heart and mind. David Slavitt renders the sonnets in Il Canzoniere, along with the shorter madrigals and ballate, in a sparkling and engaging idiom and in rhythm and rhyme that do justice to Petrarch's achievement.


This paper describes how to design and develop an advanced Charge Coupled Device (CCD) timing generator which can obtain high precise CCD output signals. Above all, theory of the design and implementation of CCD timing generator is introduced based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices in detail. Secondly, it studies and analyzes the influencing factors that the waveform of CCD driving timing signals have on qualities of CCD output signals, which contain duty-cycle of HCCD clock, positive width of RST, signal-skew and delays among these signals. Then some skills are presented to improve and optimize the design in the phase of coding, compiling and placement and routing, which include code constraint, incremental placement and so on. Finally, simulation and verification of the design are performed with simulation tools, and hardware tests are carried out and experiment results are proved by oscilloscope.


Commentary on: Jolly K, Lewis A, Beach J, et al. Comparison of range of commercial or primary care led weight reduction programmes with minimal intervention control for weight loss in obesity: lighten Up randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2011;343:d6500.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

Overweight and obesity is one of the most important public health issues in many parts of the world today. As reported by Jolly et al , the WHO has referred to the current situation as a global epidemic. Others have suggested that the rise in levels of obesity will cause a decline in life expectancy in the USA in the 21st century.1 Achieving and maintaining weight loss is not easy either for the individual attempting …

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This study focused on the development of small scale equipment for depulpping of locust bean seeds. Processing of African locust bean seed starts with the pretreatment of the harvested fruit before the seed can be converted into its numerous derivatives. Depulpping of locust bean seed is a crucial pretreatment operation, preceding fermentation of the seed. This operation is tedious, time consuming and energy sapping for women and children that are involved in the processing of locust bean. Small Scale equipment for depulpping of African locust bean seed was designed, constructed and tested. Technoeconomic status of the women in the rural areas who are directly involved in the processing of locust bean and its derivatives was taken into consideration. The depulpping machine comprises of a vertical cylindrical tank, cylindrical sieve and a vertical rotating shaft which carries both the paddles and brushes. The vertical shaft was mounted at the central axis of the depulpping unit. The machine has a capacity to depulp 10 kg of locust bean seed during a unit batch operation. Five levels of soaking time corresponding to five levels of locust bean moisture contents and five levels of shaft speeds were tested. Test results indicated that the depulpping efficiency varied between 64 and 98 %. The seed membrane damage and seed loss were less than 5 and 9.2% respectively at 45 minutes soaking time and at 350 rpm depulpping shaft speed. The maximum power requirement was 2.25 kW at a shaft speed of 550 rpm. The operating conditions of shaft speed at 350 rpm, 45 minutes soaking time indicated higher depulpping efficiency, lower seed membrane damage and seed loss during depulpping operation. Result of process performance showed that the final depulpping process compared favourantly with that of traditional method. Index Term-Depulpping, Locust Bean, Soaking Time,


In this pilot study of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), the audiospinal response (ASR), mediated by bilateral reticulospinal tracts, was assessed as a test for residual descending synaptic activity on cervical and lumbar motor pools. The Hoffman's reflex (H-reflex) from the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and the soleus muscles was conditioned by an auditory stimulus. Facilitation of the Hmax amplitude was found in eleven control subjects. In three patients with a clinically complete mid-thoracic SCI, the FCR, but not the soleus H-reflex, was facilitated. One of two patients with a motor complete, sensory incomplete mid-thoracic lesion showed facilitation of the ASR at the soleus. Two patients with incomplete cervical lesions had facilitation of both H-reflexes. Since motor pool excitability may be high below a lesion, auditory conditioning of a sub-maximal H-reflex was used to reveal facilitation when Hmax was equivocally modulated by a sound burst. The ASR might serve as an adjunct to assessments for residual supraspinal influences in patients who meet clinical criteria for a complete motor spinal cord lesion.


The U.S. Bureau of Mines has developed porous beads containing immobilized biological materials such as sphagnum peat moss for extracting metal contaminants from waste waters. The beads, designated as BIO-FIX beads, have removed toxic metals from over 100 waters in laboratory tests. These waters include acid mine drainage (AMD) water from mining sites, metallurgical and chemical industry waste water, and contaminated ground water. Following the laboratory studies, cooperative field tests were conducted to evaluate the metal adsorption properties of the beads in column and low-maintenance circuits, determine bead stability in varied climatic situations, and demonstrate the beads' potential as a viable waste water treatment technique. Field results indicated that BIO-FIX beads readily adsorbed cadmium, lead, and other toxic metals from dilute waters; effluents frequently met drinking water standards and other discharge criteria. The beads exhibited excellent handling characteristics in both column and low-maintenance circuits, and continued to extract metal ions after repeated loading-elution cycles.


Recently, the convergence of information technology with bio-technology, nano-technology or other technologies has been creating a new paradigm. In a field of transportation, the intelligent transport systems which is a convergence of intelligent technologies and transportation systems have been studied. The Variable Speed Limit(VSL), is one of ITS technologies, is thought to improve safety and efficiency of transportation while controlling speed limit based on road conditions. Legacy studies have considered only one station for VSL algorithm. However, it is not appropriate for an urban freeway installed with many stations. In this paper, new algorithm is proposed to not only enhance effectiveness of VSL based on cooperation of stations but also reflect road conditions within 30 seconds. The proposed algorithm consists of 4 steps: the first is a "searching bottleneck station" step, the second is a "calculating a size of congestion" step, the third is a "calculating the number of controlled stations" step, the final is a "calculating VSL" step. This algorithm guarantees improved safety and minimum additional travel time. The travel time should be considered because drivers would against the VSL algorithm when the proposed algorithm occurs additional travel time. In our experiments, microscopic traffic simulator VISSIM is selected to perform a modeling work. The results show that proposed algorithm provides the improved safety and minimum increase of travel time.


Summary of a musico‐logical lecture and a pipe organ demonstration at the NNN06 Conference is followed by a reminiscence of Professor Ken Young, in the form of a mini‐lecture on Physics of Music.


susceptible) also an increase in class I APX in the three compartments studied as well as an increase in POX took place. In contrast, the PPV-resistant plants showed a general increase of antioxidant enzymes in soluble, chloroplast and apoplastic fractions. Long-term PPV infection produced an oxidative stress only in susceptible plants, as observed by the increase in leaf lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and electrolyte leakage as well as in apoplastic H 2O2. This H 2O2 increase was much higher in the PPV-susceptible than in the PPV-resistant plants. In peach, the increase in apoplastic H 2O2 correlated with the rise in NADH-POX and PPO activities. However, in apricot leaves, no increases in apoplastic NADH-POX were observed, and the increases in apoplastic H 2O2 correlated with increase in PPO activity in both cv. Real Fino (100%) and cv. SEO (40%), where a rise in SOD was detected, too. The specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, diphenylene iodonium (DPI), had only small effects on NADH oxidation, whereas it was inhibited almost completely by 1 mM KCN. Therefore, most of the NADH oxidation in the apoplastic space of Prunus species is due to NADH-POX and not NAD(P)H oxidase. In previous studies and by means of 2D electrophoresis, we showed that PPV infection produced the induction of a thaumatin-like protein as well as the decrease of mandelonitrile lyase (MDL) in peach apoplast. Mandelonitrile lyase catalyses the breakdown of mandelonitrile into benzaldehyde and cyanide. Benzaldehyde can be oxidised easilyinvivo to produce benzoic acid, the precursor of salicylic acid. It was suggested that decreased MDL activity may result in a decreased SA biosynthesis in PPV-infected peach plants. It is also possible that a decline in antioxidant enzymes and an increase in ROS could be necessary for the establishment of infection and the replication and spread of some plant viruses, in agreement with results described by other authors. Results suggest that the higher antioxidant capacity showed by resistant SEO plants in comparison to PPV-susceptible plants could be associated, among other factors with their resistance to PPV.


On railway tractive units, use is made of contactor switches which extinguish the electric arc in the air by electromagnetic blow-out. The cut-off power indicates the capacity as regards closing and opening of the circuits under specific load conditions. The author describes and analyses the mechanical components and the cut-off power of these devices.


This review focuses on the effect of management practices on grain yield of maize, sunflower, soybean and wheat, the major extensive crops of the Argentine Pampas. We analyze and evaluate crop management practices in the light of the physiological determinants of growth and grain yield using basic information available for these crops. This approach also contributes to understand or explain the differential responses of crops to management practices observed among species or cultivars within species, or among different environmental conditions and production system. We center our discussion on the effects of sowing date, plant density, row spacing, plant distribution and emergence uniformity, and cultivar maturity group election on grain yield of maize, sunflower, soybean and wheat. The knowledge and quantification of the ecophysiological factors underlying crop growth and yield determination are critical for the design and selection of the most appropriate management practices for a specific genotype and environment combination. This approach constitutes a low cost technology that can contribute to (i) match crop demands to the particular environmental offer and (ii) an efficient use of environmental resources and inputs in a specific situation. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Radiative transfer models of low-mass dense cores as depicted in two theoretical models of protostellar collapse, the Larson-Penston flow and the theory of Shu and coworkers based on the «inside-out collapse» model, are presented. In particular, line profiles of the first three rotational transitions of the CS molecule are calculated for hypothetical dense cores evolving according to these theories. The results are compared with CS observations of nearby dense cores. It is shown that the Larson-Penston flow overestimates the velocity width of the CS lines by a large margin and cannot be reconciled with the observations


In the article there is analysed the studies professionalization as an integral part ofthe professionalization system that is composed from the different elements. In theChapter one there is revealed the multiplicity of the studies professionalization conceptand different attitudes and logics of academic and business communities towardsstudies professionalization and its expression. In the Chapter two there is analysed thepreparation of andragogues in Lithuania, the connected topics and there are presentedsome insights of possible alternatives for andragogues' preparation in order to ensurethe dynamic level for the open andragogues professionalization system. KEY WORDS: studies professionalization, andragogues, andragogues preparation.


Enterprise risk management is the total process of identifying, measuring, and minimizing the uncertain events that can affect the enterprise resources. This implies the process of bringing management as a remedial action, and control into the risk analysis. A main element of risk assessment and analysis is the concept of vulnerability. The vulnerability is a weakness in any information system, system security procedure, internal controls, or implementation that an attacker could potentially exploit. It can also be a weakness in a system, such as a coding bug or design flaw. An attack occurs when an attacker with a reason to strike takes advantage of a vulnerability to Threaten an enterprise Asset. The second most important element in risk assessment is the concept of a Threat, which is any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact an information system through unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of data, or denial of service. We can define risk as the possibility that a particular Threat will adversely impact an information system by exploiting a particular Vulnerability. The third element in AbstrAct


The present invention discloses a method for preparing a composite material having a high adhesion superhydrophobic film, first, the TEOS was added to a mixture of catalyst and an alcoholic solvent, the reaction of nano-silica. Then, the benzene solvent is added in the nano silica, a silane coupling agent added to the amino group, to obtain amino-modified nanosilica. The carbon nanotubes, thionyl chloride, N, N- dimethylformamide was placed in a single neck flask, reflux reaction of the acid chloride of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Finally, the amino-modified nanosilica, acylation MWCNTs, stearate was added to the benzene solvent, prepared by reacting stearic acid reflux grafted MWCNTs / nano- silicon oxide composite material, said composite material after ultrasonic dispersing material is an inorganic or organic base, to obtain the composite material having a high adhesion superhydrophobic film by a coating method; simple preparation process, good repeatability, low cost, easy to promote the use of.


ABSTRACT: Honeydew and aphis insects which fell from a tree were responsible for paraesthesiae in a woman. Her condition was incorrectly diagnosed as delusions of parasitosais.


This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sea surface temperature as a climatic element and catch amount of offshore and coastal fisheries in Korea using annual time series data from 1970 to 2013. It also tried to predict the future changes in catch amount of fisheries by climate change. Time series data on variables were estimated to be non-stationary from unit root tests, but one long-term equilibrium relation between variables was found from a cointegration test. The result of Granger causality test indicated that the sea surface temperature would cause directly changes in catch amount of offshore and coastal fisheries. The result of regression analysis on sea surface temperature and catch amount showed that the sea surface temperature would have negative impacts on the catch amount of offshore and coastal fisheries. Therefore, if the sea surface temperature would increase, all other things including the current level of fishing effort being equal, the catch amount of offshore and coastal fisheries was predicted to decrease.


OBJECTIVE
To present national estimates and correlates of lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV eating disorders for Latinos.

METHOD
Data come from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), a national epidemiological household survey of Latinos in the United States.

RESULTS
Latinos have elevated rates of any binge eating and binge eating disorder but low prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The US born and those living a greater percentage of their lifetime in the US evidenced higher risk for certain eating disorders while severe obesity and low levels of education were significant correlates. Rates of treatment utilization were exceedingly low.

CONCLUSION
Standard eating disorder criteria may not be appropriate for understanding psychological morbidity of eating disorders for Latinos, particularly less acculturated Latinos, due to cultural differences in the presentation of eating disorder symptoms. Criteria for disturbed eating patterns that are more reflective of the illness experience of Latinos should be developed.


The development and implementation of effective educational technology training students to understand scientific texts is one of the most important problems of educational psychology. This is due to the fact that understanding is not only the result of cognitive activity, but at the same time - condition for the formation of professional competencies of future professionals. This paper presents a relatively new for the national science metacognitive approach to solving of this problem. The paper develops the ideas of domestic and foreign authors about the metacognitive processes, their structure and specificity. On the basis of the theoretical literature review the author describes the functions of metacognitive processes in the understanding of scientific text. Presents the results of an empirical study of the influence metacognitive processes in text comprehension and psychological characteristics of students' metacognitive processes with different levels of understanding of the scientific text.


An object of the present invention is to provide a method of the flat steel consisting of steel having a high Mn content, it can be coated with a reliable metallic protective layer can be effectively protected from corrosion attacks. The present invention is, in the hot-rolled flat steel or cold-rolled flat steel containing 6 to 30% by weight of Mn, relates to a method for coating a metal protective layer by a melt-plating in the molten bath. According to the present invention, the coating that is achieved by such a method with a high manufacturing reliability, flat steel products, it undergoes pickling process prior to entering the molten bath, this pickling process, adhering to the flat steel manganese oxide is optimized by being essentially completely removed in a pickling bath. .FIELD 1


The invention discloses a method and device for conducting account transfer processing, and belongs to the technical field of computers. The method comprises the steps that a contact information page of a first contact person is displayed, and the contact information page comprises an account transfer function option corresponding to a first account of the first contact person; when a trigger command of the account transfer function option is received, account identification of the first account, information of a local login account and account transfer information input by a user are acquired; an account transfer request which carries the account identification of the first account, information of the local login account and the account transfer information is sent to a server, and the server is used for conducting account transfer processing instructed by the account transfer information from the local login account to the first account. By means of the method and device for conducting the account transfer processing, the efficiency of account transfer can be improved.


The invention provides a series detachable small-sized efficient plate-type heat exchanger. The series detachable small-sized efficient plate-type heat exchanger comprises a first small-scaled plate-type heat exchanger body, a second small-scaled plate-type heat exchanger body, a third small-scaled plate-type heat exchanger body, nuts, clamping boards, screws, sealing gaskets and gaskets. As the multiple small-scaled plate-type heat exchanger bodies are connected in series, a hot water and cold water convection runner is lengthened, the temperature of cold water flowing out is increased, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is improved, and the size is reduced to the maximum extent. The series detachable small-sized efficient plate-type heat exchanger can be widely applied to single shower rooms for houses and public places, washbasins, kitchen sinks, hairdressing shampoo beds and other occasions to recover waste heat of hot water, can reduce power of a small-scale water heater by being used cooperatively with the small-scale water heater, saves a lot of energy, has remarkable economic benefits and is convenient to widely use and popularize.


This paper describes the use of hardware descriptive languages (HDL) in an introductory, sophomore level digital design course in electrical engineering. HDL is integrated with the other basic tools in design and simulation of combinational and sequential systems. A number of examples are given.


The topic of Mater's thesis is knowledge sharing in Barum Continental Company Ltd. (BCO). Theoretical part is based on studied literature either or the Czech or foreign origin. Since knowledge sharing represents one of the major activities of knowledge management, theoretical part is focused on the main koncepts of knowledge management as data, information, explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, and knowledge worker. Concerning the analytical part, the aim was to find out how BCO currently works with knowledge which is inside this company. To be specific, Factory Enginnering Division (FED) becomes the chosen division where the research is conducted. The research comprises mainly of interviews with managers and identified knowledge workers from FED. Based on the analysis results, project of knowledge sharing is created. Since knowledge sharing represents a new matter in company's HRM, the project is focused on such activities which represent the very first steps in effective and systematic knowledge sharing within the company.


Despite the clear health benefits that can be attained through adopting a more active lifestyle, most adults in industrial nations remain underactive. Faced with this epidemic, there is a growing need for physical activity interventions that can be widely disseminated to all segments of the population across the life span. One promising avenue of physical activity counseling and support lies with primary care physicians and other health care professionals. The strengths of incorporating physical activity advice and support as part of routine health care include the ability to reach a substantial portion of the population repeatedly over time, the consistency and continuity of message content and delivery, and the willingness of patients to act on their physicians' advice. Despite these strengths, however, many barriers to physical activity counseling in primary care have been documented, including lack of time, reimbursement, and training in counseling physical activity or behavior change. Although such barriers present continuing challenges to the health promotion and health care fields, the possible public health effects that primary care settings can have on health behavior change, including physical activity, merit continued investigation. Although a relatively large body of research exists on advice and counseling by physicians for other health behaviors, such as stopping smoking, relatively little systematic research has been conducted to date on the promotion of physical activity in primary care practices. The studies that have been undertaken have had the advantage of a growing body of knowledge that underscores the utility of applying empirically supported behavioral strategies in aiding physical activity change. Such behavioral strategies, derived primarily from social cognitive theory, include identifying specific practical goals tailored to individual patients' physical activity needs and circumstances; structuring initial patient expectations so that they are realistic; identifying those benefits related to becoming more physically active that are most germane to a patient's health ..................


Growing up, Dr. Rhonda Jordan always enjoyed math and science. After completing her master's in electrical engineering at Columbia University she co-founded a startup in Tanzania that provides access to power for residents who are not connected to the electrical grid. This video is part of the Energy Department's #WomenInSTEM video series. At the Energy Department, we're committed to supporting a diverse talent pool of STEM innovators ready to address the challenges and opportunities of our growing clean energy economy.


What Andrew Chittick calls "the Jiankang Empire" in this provocative and important new book is what is more commonly known as the Six Dynasties. That is, the succession of six southern states stretching from Three Kingdoms Wu (220–280) to the Chen dynasty (557–589) that had their capitals located at the site of the city that is today called Nanjing (but which for most of this period was named Jiankang 建康). Conventional designations such as the Six Dynasties, or the Southern Dynasties, seem to dismiss these states as relatively insignificant digressions from the grand continuum of unitary Chinese history, but Chittick rightly asserts to the contrary that, as of the mid-fifth century, the Jiankang Empire "was arguably the world's largest agrarian empire" (1), easily rivaling its contemporary Byzantine, Sassanid-Persian, and Gupta empires. Not only was the Jiankang Empire a major world empire in its own right, moreover, but Chittick also challenges our easy assumption that it should even be considered "Chinese." By this, I believe that Chittick primarily means "Chinese" in the narrowly ethnonational sense, rather than the broadly civilizational sense (which Chittick prefers to label "Sinitic" rather than "Chinese"). Chittick invokes (3) influential recent scholarship by Nicolas Tackett and others arguing that a sense of Chinese national identity first emerged only in the eleventh century Song dynasty (960–1279). Others might argue that the full maturation of Chinese ethno-national identity did not occur until much later even than that. In any case, despite popular assumptions that a Chinese ethnonational identity must have been primordial, such an identity is probably more accurately understood as an ongoing construct that had not yet fully coalesced as of the time of the Jiankang Empire. Chittick (x) then asks the "inevitable follow-up question: 'If they weren't Chinese, then what were they?'" Setting aside the English-language labels "China" and "Chinese" as obviously extraneous, among native Chinese-language terms the designation "Han people" 漢人 (which is today coterminous with meaning ethnic Chinese) had actually already come to be applied in at least a proto-ethnic sense by the fifth and sixth centuries.


Interaction in an immersive virtual environment is limited by imperfect depth cues, unstable hand placement in midair, and so on. In this study, we summarize the design and implementation of a magic lens interface within an immersive virtual environment using a handheld device such as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or an ultra mobile personal computer (UMPC). Our interface simplifies the selection and manipulation processes using image-based interaction techniques. An empirical study shows the effectiveness of the proposed interface for selecting 3D objects, especially when the target is small or in motion.


Fein lists 9 challenging problem-situations for school psychologists for which a case-study approach is believed to yield more meaningful information than the statistical assessment of administrators' perceived roles of school psychologists such as conducted and reported by Thomas, et al.


According to the present invention, which relates to an image-based coordinate synchronizing plate, when a model of the anatomical structure of a mouth which forms the basis for manufacturing an object, i.e. a surgical guiding device for accurately guiding the position and direction of a surgical procedure to be performed in the mouth of an actual patient, is processed using a numerically-controlled processing machine, the plate introduces a coordinate system, built into the numerically-controlled processing machine, directly into a model to be processed, wherein the plate comprises: a body formed as a plate body; and a reference marker which is formed as a portion projecting from the top surface of the body and which is capable of extracting one circular plane from three-point coordinates selected from a surface profile of the projecting portion.


IEEE 802.15.4 networked solutions employing [RFC4944] for applications
like Smart Grid Home Area Networking require unattended service
discovery which can be supported with small, single packet (or few
packet) exchanges. At the same time, it is desirable to mix wired
devices into the same network so interoperation of service discovery
between devices with differing operational characteristics is desired.


We read with great interest the recent article by Dr van Akkooi and colleagues reporting the results of their study of 74 patients with sentinel nodes (SNs) containing metastatic melanoma but have great concern about the authors' conclusions regarding the clinical significance and clinical relevance of tiny SN metastases [1]. The authors sought to identify patient/tumor and/or SN factors that predicted additional non-SN positivity as well as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The microanatomic features of the SNs that were assessed included the intranodal location of the SN metastases (using the classification scheme of Dewar et al. [2]), the tumor penetrative depth of the deposits (Starz classification) [3, 4] and the amount of SN tumor burden [1]. No additional nonSN positivity was found in 15 patients with SN micrometastases <0.1 mm (although this was not statistically significant compared with their other tumor burden categories). On multivariate analysis, SN tumor burden was the most important prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.005) and OS (P = 0.03). No association between the microanatomic location of SN metastases or Starz thickness and non-SN positivity, DFS or OS was found. On the basis of their results, they concluded that patients with melanoma SN metastases <0.1 mm ''may be judged as SN negative . and are highly unlikely to benefit from completion lymph node dissection (CLND), which we no longer recommend'' [1]. Consistent with the results of a number of other recent studies [2–13], the findings of van Akkooi et al. support the concept of orderly progression of lymph node melanoma metastases whereby the risk of tumor spread fromSNs to non-SNs correlates mostly with the extent of SN involvement. However, it is disappointing that the association of certain SN tumor burden parameters (such as Starz centripetal thickness i.e. tumor penetrative depth of the deposits, the microanatomic location of SN tumor deposits and the size of metastases in the SN) with non-SN positivity and survival reported in some studies are not being reproduced in others [2–14]. We believe that there are letters to the editor Annals of Oncology


Thirty years ago, in a magisterial study of the early operation of Poynings' Law, Professor R. Dudley Edwards and Professor T.W. Moody noted that 'the primary dividing-line in the history of the law falls between the parliaments of 1613–15 and 1634–5'. Previously, they showed, it had curtailed the Irish executive and enjoyed the approval of the Irish parliament; only subsequently, they argued, was it used as a means of enabling the government to control parliament. The purpose of the present study is to develop that argument by examining both the way in which Lord Deputy Wentworth took advantage of altered circumstances to reierse the statute's function in 1634–5 and the way in which members of the Irish parliament unsuccessfully campaigned to restore the traditional interpretation of its provisions in 1640–41.


Objectives: a) to propose the CLINIMEX Aerobic Fitness Questionnaire (C-AFQ); b) to validate C-AFQ against measured VO2max; and c) to analyze the influence of some potentially relevant variables on the error of estimate. Methods: We prospectively studied 1,000 healthy and unhealthy subjects (68.6% men) aged from 14 to 96 years that underwent a CPET. The two-step C-AFQ describes physical activities with corresponding values in metabolic equivalents (METs) — ranging from 0.9 to 21 METs.


Li/sup 7/ is considered as a system consisting of an alpha particle and a tritium nucleus, where it is assumed that the potential of the interaction between them is in the form of a rectangular well of a depth depending on the moment of the relative motion. The radius of the potential was taken to be the same for all states and equal to r/sub 0/= 5 x 10/sup -13/ cm. This model is need to calculate the total cross section and the angular distribution of the reaction Li/sup 7/( gamma ,t)He/sup 4/ in the range from 2 to 18 Mev. It turns out that the theoretical expression for the cross section is in agreement with the experimental data, provided the potentials in the initial and final states are V/sub p/ = 8-45 Mev, V/sub s/ =-1 Mev, and V/sub D/=4 Mev. In addition, to ensure a maximum in the cross section at E = 4-7 Mev it is necessary to assume that there takes place in the excitation of Li/sup 7/ a state with energy 4-7 Mev, followed by a decay into H/sup 3/ and He/sup 4/. No account is taken in the calculation of the Coulomb interaction betweenmore » the two particles. This account may change strongly the values of V/sub L/.« less


Colleges and universities are the cradle of training,to maintain security and stability of colleges and universities is a prerequisite for university personnel training,and also the basic guarantee of the college self-development.Through the empirical analysis safety management status of Kansas City Branch School campus of Missouri University,the article thought that the humane management mission,the legal management policies,the professional management team,and the modern management of early-warning mechanisms are the main features of their condition,and to explore these features of the safety management has a certain significance reference to Chinese Universities.


Human-induced anthropogenic variations cause a significant change in the local climate, which in turn lead to variations in different climatic regions. The effects of global warming have wide spatial variability, feedback of climate change, like, surface temperature towards precipitation, surface, and subsurface runoff are critical. As the climate, variability is critically important for nature and society, especially if it increases in amplitude and fluctuations become more persistent. However, the issues of weather surface temperature is changing, and if so, whether this has a positive or negative impact on precipitation, surface and ground runoff, and theirs distinguish response to different climate classes, are subjects of ongoing debate. The current research is mainly concerned with distinguishing the response of surface temperature on the precipitation, storm surface run off, and subsurface runoff on different climate classes over the mainland of Pakistan, for a time duration of 71 years, from 1948–2018. Here, we used monthly based two sets of GLDAS (Global Data Assimilation System) datasets i.e. GLDAS-2.0 (1948-2010) and GLDAS-2.1 (2011-2018) having the spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25° for surface temperature, precipitation, and runoff. While, for regional based climatic classification, Köppen Grignard climate classification map was used. The spatial-temporal trend of all the involving parameters has been estimated using Mann-Kendall's trend. Spatial-temporal variation in the precipitation, surface temperature, and runoff fluctuations have been detected in different climatic regions. We showed that annually based variability of surface temperature has positive feedback over the surface runoff over the entire region as well as different climate regions of Pakistan. Despite the declining precipitation trend, the temperature seems to be a major cause of the melting of glaciers leading to an increase in the runoff. Based on our findings of established trends and corresponding mechanistic 'feedback' we hypothesize that increasing temperature might risk severe water shortage and cause disastrous floods in the future. Furthermore, different climatic zoning's surface temperature variability contributed to observed variation in the precipitation, surface, and subsurface runoff variability, which in turn contributed to the persistent droughts. Changes in surface temperature and their impact on precipitation and runoff deliver valued evidence for understanding the region's sensitivity over the entire region in Pakistan.


1) Incidence The incidence during the period of 10 years from 1967 to 1976 of this syndrome in relation to chronic paranasal sinusitis was investigated. The chest investigation of 2,827 patients aged two to 77 years with chronic paranasal sinusitis revealed that the incidence of this syndrome was 5.4%, the highest being 36.9% for age group of two to five years. The incidence during the period of 10 years from 1951 to 1960 of this syndrome in relation to chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis was investigated. Chronic paranasal sinusitis was found in 79 (91.8%) of 86 cases with chronic bronchitis whose plane chest X-ray film showed bilateral increased hilar shadow and cloudiness of bilateral lower lung fields (Fig.1)._And also, chronic paranasl sinusitis was found in 63 (25.8%) of 244 cases with bior unilateral bronchiectasis. Recently, the incidence of this syndrome in relation to diffuse panbronchiolitis was investigated and Prof. H. Homma reported that chronic paranasal sinusitis was found in 84.8% of 301 cases with diffuse panbronchiolitis.


This thesis is the result of an activity made in ANKERS juss-amg S.r.l., a consulting engineering company operating in the automotive, aerospace and telecommunications field. Which provides its know-how to its clients, to help them in the realization of their projects through structural, CFD and multibody analyses. In this case the requested project was a complete analysis of an electric sport, street legal, vehicle named 'Road Blade'. Only the external shape and the interiors were defined at the beginning, so different people worked on this project to design main components and perform different analyses. From CFD to structural analyses, to the design with CAD software of the chassis and all its components and finally multibody analyses for the suspensions, which are the core of this thesis, to define the handling of the vehicle. These studies are the basis for the realization of a fully functioning prototype of the Road Blade. Since the only initial constraints were the external shape and the interiors; the design of the chassis, the choice of kinematic points and dimension of all suspensions' subsystems, to ensure the proper handling behavior to the vehicle, have been carried out in parallel to find out the optimal trade off. Atypical solutions for the suspensions have been used to distance themselves from the classical archetypes of suspensions, already well known, in order to realize innovative solutions, dealing with packaging problems and boundary conditions.


Objective
To explore the MRI features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in central nervous system (CNS) in children.

Methods
Clinical and MRI data of 25 cases with LCH in CNS from three children's hospitals between January 2009 and December 2014 were retrospectively studied. All cases were confirmed by surgery or biopsy. All cases underwent non-contrast and contrast pituitary and/or cranial MRI examinations. The location, morphology, MRI signal and enhanced patterns of LCH lesions were observed and analyzed.

Result
A total of 17 cases had hypothalamic-pituitary LCH, with 2 of them complicated with pineal cyst, 2 complicated with brain parenchymal lesions, and one complicated with both pineal cyst and brain parenchymal lesions. MR images showed that neurohypophysis lost its original hyper-intensity on T1WI, and nodular or homogeneous thickening was seen in the pituitary stalks. Dura matter was involved in 3 cases, 2 of them had single lesion, and the other one got multiple lesions. Neoplasm in choroid plexus was seen in trigone of left lateral ventricles in one case. Three cases with pineal gland involved demonstrated cystic change. Four cases had gray matter involved, with cerebellar dentate nuclei involvement in 2 cases, and both thalamus and basal ganglia involvement in the other two cases. Three cases showed white matter involvement without obvious Virchow-Robin space enlargement and brain atrophy.

Conclusions
MR imaging of LCH in CNS shows certain specific characteristics. The diagnosis can be made comprehensively based on both clinic features and other imaging findings.

Key words:
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-cell; Magnetic resonance imaging; Diabetes insipidus, neurogenic


Wind erosion is a major problem for modern farmers, a key variable affecting nutrient levels in ecosystems, and a potentially major force impacting archaeological site formation; however, it has received scant consideration in geoarchaeological studies of agricultural development compared with more easily quantifiable environmental costs, such as vegetation change or fluvial erosion. In this study, soil nutrient analysis is used in the Kalaupapa field system, Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i, to detect an increase in wind erosion attributable to intensive agriculture following the burning of endemic forest. This practice began on a small scale in the 13th century A.D., expanded around cal A.D. 1450–1550, and continued until the near total abandonment of the fields after European contact in the 18th century. Nutrients that naturally occur in high amounts in coastal windward areas due to the long‐term, cumulative effect of sea spray were especially impacted. However, thanks to the unique landform of the Kalaupapa Peninsula, nutrient depletion in windward areas was offset by downwind enrichment and likely contributed to the long‐term sustainability of the system as a whole. Future research on tropical and arid agriculture should consider the cumulative environmental cost of increased eolian erosion attributable to anthropogenic landscape modification. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The Company was established not only to profit from the operations of the company. Getting profit is a short-term goal of a company. The main purpose and the long-term goal of a company is to maximize the company's wealth or value (value of the firm). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of capital structure and institutional ownership of firm value on construction companies listed on the BEI period 2014-2016. Sampling method is by purposive sampling method. The sample of this research are 19 construction companies listed on BEI. The analysis tool used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the capital structure has a  positive effect on firm value, which means that there is partially positive influence between capital structure variable to firm value. Partial institutional ownership does not have a positive effect on the value of companies in construction companies listed on the BEI period 2014-2016.Keywords: Capital Structure, Institutional ownership, value of the firm.