Two diagnostic systems have been developed to assess the posftton and shape of a cylindrical Imploding plasma sheath x-ray source. Both systems ●mploy batteries of !nexpenslve nitrogen lasers. For measurement of the cyllnder rad~us, ●ight 75-vJ, 1.2-ns (FMHM) nlLrogen lasers provfde a series of narrow beams displaced parallel to the cyltnder diameter. As the plasma Implodes over a 2-PS period, these posltton-sampllng lasers are fired in sequence at times expected to result fn partial shadowing. The 2-cm wide beams strike a position-sensltlve detector made UP of a hellcal fiber-optic delay llne of 2-mm pitch and 4-ns delay/turn. The clad plastfc fiber ts doped wtth Rhodam{ne B at the points where the 337.1-nm laser beams strfke, and the fluorescent red flashes propagate alon the optical delay llne in both directions to avalanche photodlodes. ! One signal 1s d~sp ayed on c 5-MHz vertical raster; the other $S displayed on four turns of a 2-MHz sptral sweep. The envelopes of both pulse trains are dfsplayed on a conventional dual-beam scope. The nitrogen lasers are allgned axially and dfsplaced radially by a system of mtrrors. To assess the symmetry of the implosion, another battery of four n~trogen lasers 4s used to provfde paraxlally dlsplciced multfple-image pfnhole schlleren pictures.


On 22 October 2014, the French daily newspaper Le Monde analyses the investiture of the Juncker Commission by the European Parliament. Following a long process of interviews with candidates for the post of Commissioner by MEPs, the vote in Parliament represents the final stage in the process leading to the new European Commission (423 votes in favour, 209 against and 67 abstentions). The Juncker Commission begins its term on 1 November 2014.


Trucks transporting metal coils are known to have been involved in several serious incidents resulting in property damage as well as loss of life. Examples include the loss of two 20,000 lb coils on a flatbed trailer on I-94 in Chicago that resulted in two fatalities and $250,000 property damage, the loss of two aluminum coils from a U.S.-based motor carrier in Ontario, Canada that killed four U.S. residents in a passenger car, and the release of several 7,000 lb coils from a tractor trailer on I-190 near Buffalo, N.Y. that killed four passenger vehicle occupants. Due to a lack of consistent incident reporting, little is known about how often coil securement fails. When incidents are reported, it has been difficult to determine the causes of the securement failure. This paper details a research effort that observed steel coil securement methods and obtained data for the development of securement failure frequency statistics. Additionally, the research analytically and experimentally examines the current regulations for metal coil securement and makes recommendations for changes to the regulations.


Abundance estimates obtained with acoustic echo-sounding equipment play an important role in the management of fish stocks. The common technique presently used is to process the signal from the echo sounder with a digital computer or to record the analog signal for later processing. A microcomputer-based echo-integration system has been developed for fish population assessment. It is a relatively inexpensive, field-oriented, portable instrument that can process data in real time from any existing echo sounder. The signal from the echo sounder is detected, digitized, squared, and averaged for various depth ranges. The averaged squared echo level is then scaled to provide a measure of the density of the fish school at the selected depth ranges. The system automatically tracks the bottom depth and prevents integration of the return from the bottom.


Family planning programs are among the most successful public health interventions of the century. There are different methods of contra captives, all save lives of women and child and improve quality of life for all community. Family planning was known b


ZnO nano-platelets have been prepared using a high pressure reactor via hydrothermal route and calcinated at different temperatures. The structure and morphology of the grown zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-platelets (NP) at different temperatures has thus been reported. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed ZnO formation. The nano-platelets morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The change in morphology and its adverse effect on the capacitive behaviour of the as-synthesised nano-platelets with change in calcinations temperature has also been discussed. The potential of these nano-platelets for possible applications in energy storing devices has been established.


Can browser add-‐ons leak your personal informa-on? How can we detect informa-on leaks? Currently, Mozilla volunteers manually inspect the source of popular addons for leaks. Our tool helps automate this process. We create a graph of informa?on flow between program statements. By tracing backwards from a call that sends data to the internet, we can determine whether sensi?ve informa?on may be leaked. Filesystem Browsing History Website Passwords Internet Yes, some do! Can the tool be improved? Our analysis oIen reports poten?al leaks where none exist. We can help users iden?fy false posi?ves by classifying different types of data dependence.


In blank verse and litany, Snyder takes the reader through six creative phases of the intimate life of man, woman, and child inter-acting with the earth and the universe, but most especially with each other as persons before God: Troth, Genes, Lumen, Habitat, Nevertheless, and Earth Image. I intend to use this book as a devotional book in my own home, as a pastoral aid book in counseling with persons in difficulty, and as a stimulus to reflective thinking with my students. The reader wiII simply have to read the book for himself if he is to know why I am so unqualifiedly commendatory of the book. Wayne E. Oates


The utility model relates to an improvement on a temporary fence wall for buildings and the like, which is characterized in that: the fence wall comprises reinforced concrete precast cushion cap blocks, concrete sheets and columns with inserting grooves, wherein a connecting bolt or column inserting port is embedded in each reinforced concrete precast cushion cap block, and the bottom of each column with the inserting groove is provided with a connecting plate of holes corresponding bolts; and a lifting hole or lifting ring is arranged on the concrete sheet. Compared with the prior art, since the whole reinforced concrete sheet which is precast to be used as a wall surface, the vertical column with the inserting groove, and a concrete base are adopted to be assembled, the self cost is low, a concrete foundation is provided with the assembled connecting bolt or the inserting port, the assembly is simple, fast and flexible, other foundations are not needed, and the three members can be reused; the fence wall can be removed, moved and reused after completing the task, so construction waste is not generated, the environment is protected, and the problem of the existing building fence wall can be thoroughly solved. The precast concrete sheet has smooth surfaces, does not need further painting treatment, and can be used for decoration if needed.


To utilize the anti-tumor function of adriamycin,lots of studies were done by the specialists.Many signal molecules were proved to be involved,for example:Bcl-2,PTEN,Wnt,PKC and TNF.


A strategy is proposed in data grid,which adopts the completely distributed structure based on intelligent cache and semantic method.By the strategy,a architecture called SMICC(semantic metadata intelligent cache controller) is designed.It adopts an intelligent cache and semantic method to control the metadata system.According to semantic information and local cache,SMICC can deal with different scenarios like splitting and merging of queries into sub-queries for available metadata sets in local,in order to reduce access time of remote queries and increase precision of query.User can find partial results from local cache and the remaining portion of the metadata that can be fetched from remote locations.Using semantic information and the existed metadata,it can not only enhance the fault tolerance and load balancing of system effectively,but also improve the efficiency of access while ensuring the access quality.


From mapping and consideration of prominent drift ridges at Stockdale Head, western Lake District, northern England it is inferred that the ridges are the products of dissection of a glacigenic or soliflual drift sheet rather than landforms constructed at the margins of a Loch Lomond Stade (LLS) valley‐head glacier. This proposal has implications for the recognition of LLS glacier limits and, possibly, understanding the dearth of moraine ridges associated with Dimlington ice in Lake District valleys. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The deep layer source of increasing peasants' income slowly is transform backwardness of rural economic increase way.To accelerate rural economic increase way transform should update the rural economic concept,conformity industrial layout,classify and implement rural industrialization;Synthesize development service estate,vigorously develop village level economy,promote town development,found modern infrastructure and environmental conditions;Promote economic main change,reinforce market mechanism role of science and technology and improve circulation service,create rural financial system,carry out land contract system reform experiment;Reform government rural investment in system,develop actively leading way innovation.


Summary An experimental ultra-high-temperature milk sterilizer, of 1140 1/h capacity and capable of operation as a plate-type indirect heating plant or as a steaminto-milk direct heating plant, has been installed for comparisons of the milk produced by the direct and indirect processes. The sterilizer and its ancillary equipment are described, together with methods of plant sterilization and milk processing. Time-temperature profiles of the plant are given for both modes of operation.


Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 provides an approach for assessing the infection burden across a sewer service area. For these data to be useful for public health, measurement variability and the relationship to case data need to be established. We determined SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in the influent of 12 wastewater treatment plants from August 2020 to January 2021. Technical replicates for N1 gene concentrations showed a relative standard deviation of 24%, suggesting it is possible to track relatively small (similar to 30%) changes in SARS-CoV-2 concentrations over time. COVID-19 cases were correlated significantly (rho >= 0.70) to wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations across large and small service areas, with weaker relationships (rho >= 0.59) in two communities. SARS-CoV-2 concentrations normalized to per capita slightly improved correlations to COVID-19 incidence, but normalizing to a spiked recovery control (BCoV) or a fecal marker (PMMoV or HF183) reduced correlations for a number of plants. Daily sampling demonstrated that a minimum of two samples collected per week were needed to maintain accuracy in trend analysis. The differences in the strength of SARS-CoV-2 relationships to COVID-19 incidence and the effect of normalization on these data among communities demonstrate that rigorous validation should be performed at individual sites where wastewater surveillance programs are implemented.


Participants will become familiar with the process of writing for scientific publication, including a discussion of common mistakes, useful resources and strategies to improve the writing process and acceptance rates. Topics to be covered include: Why publish? Identifying the research question, How to write a paper, Using reporting guidelines, Finding mentorship, Common issues in publication ethics, Choosing the right journal. Understanding peer review & editorial decision making. Space and attendance permitting, the format will include a didactic presentation followed by small group discussions and exercises facilitated by some of the most highly published researchers and research mentors in the field.


Stanley showed that monomial complete intersections have the strong Lefschetz property. Extending this result we show that a simple extension of an Artinian Gorenstein algebra with the strong Lefschetz property has again the strong Lefschetz property.


A children's story by Sylvia Plath which was found in manuscript form after her death. Max Nix lives with his mama and papa and six brothers in a small village called Winkelburg. Max longs for a suit - not just a workaday suit, but one for doing everything. One day, a mysterious parcel arrives.


Purpose: The aim of this paper is to discuss about the Indian Buddhist education in India and describe how it was developed and also talk about the experiences with reference to an advanced Buddhist education system in India. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the outstanding achievements made in developing Buddhist higher education in India, India has also made significant contributions to Buddhist education in the world. We analyze here the issues and the effects existing in Indian Buddhist education for development of Indian Buddhist research Universities. Findings: This paper also analyzes the different development experiences and references in India for Buddhist education. Originality/value: The main value of this paper is for the development of the Indian Buddhist higher education and spread these teaching and research aspects all over world. To the knowledge of the author, there has not been any scholarly research on this topic. Keywords—Indian Buddhist education; experience; enlightenment


A simple technique for obtaining highly stable, high‐power single‐mode emission from an argon‐ion laser at 5145 A is described. The technique relies upon, among other factors, the simultaneous oscillation of the 4880 A transition. We have observed that the spectral output envelope of the laser emission at either 4880 A or 5145 A is noticeably modified when both wavelengths oscillate at the same time.


Brian O'Connell was born in Dublin on 8 November 1926 into a large Irish family whose paterfamilias, Timothy O'Connell, held a senior office in the Eire Department of Agriculture. Brian was educated at Belvedere College, described as 'an establishment run by the Jesuits for upper middle-class


As the number of IT failed projects is high, a growing number of organizations are looking to contain this problem with the help of an organizational unit called a project management office or PMO [5]. This unit is responsible for standardizing management resources used by all projects, such as project methodologies, processes, tools, and performance indicators. Standardizing project management-related assets across the entire organization might lead to higher success rates for projects. It is important to study the aspects of the structure, function, and roles and responsibilities of the PMOs that run these projects. In addition, PMOs have come into the spotlight due to the high success rates associated with their usage. Measuring performance of a PMO is critical to its existence. Not evaluating a PMO on a regular basis may lead to disagreements about its actual value. Also, in organizations that are already convinced about the importance and usefulness of a PMO, gauging performance can help improve current practices by identifying weak areas and promoting corrective actions. Moreover, performance measurement processes can showcase the effectiveness of a PMO to the entire organization and solidify the foundation for this organizational unit responsible for project management.


In order to enhance the omnidirectional maneuverability of outdoor wheeled mobile robots, a mobile robot driven by a common wheel is proposed, which realizes four-wheel steering (4WS), oblique motion mode, and spot turn modes according to different power distribution and angle of leg rotation. A dual-mode hybrid controller is designed based on the oblique and 4WS modes, in which multipoint prescanning trajectory tracking control is used for the oblique mode, and incremental linear time-varying model predictive control (ILTV-MPC) is used for the 4WS mode. The constraints required for the dual-mode controller are obtained by experimenting with the test prototype's transverse and longitudinal tracking performance. A joint MATLAB/CARSIM simulation platform is used to compare and verify the performance of each mode controller under two operating conditions. In the first condition, the tracking accuracy of the 4WS mode can be achieved by using the oblique motion mode, and the transverse sway angle variation is significantly reduced. In the second working condition, the oblique motion mode is better than the tracking effect of the 4WS mode overall. The results show that the oblique motion mode can be used instead of the 4WS mode for trajectory tracking under a small-curvature reference trajectory.


welfare-state policies, bureaucracies, and practices" (286-87) and how unacknowledged assumptions about the relationship between poverty and human nature came into conflict with Jewish and Catholic practices related to alleviating poverty and its causes. Fitzgerald, though, is also making the case that Protestant women did not simply abandon their religious sensibilities by crossing some discernible border between the religious, domestic, and private spheres when they moved into the apparently secular, public arena of social reform. In this and in other essays, authors make the case that "separate spheres" scholarship that had earlier opened up creative insights into women's religious history needs to be looked at in new ways and revised. In the concluding essay, "Feminism Revisited: Protestantism and Gender at the Turn of the Century," Ann Taves counters taken-for-granted assumptions about the centuries-long feminization of American religion as a kind of relentless, unidimensional, and mostly negative process with her analysis of three competing models of gender and society: the maternal, the patriarchal, and the scientific. In doing so, she reinforces this very valuable volume's evidence that women's religious history is only in its beginning stages and affirms the editors' contention that "feminism has proved to be one of the most complex issues of the twentieth century" (xiii).


Abstract Blind signal extraction is particularly attractive to solve signal mixture problems while only one or a few source signals are desired. Many desired biomedical signals exhibit distinct periods. A sequential method based on second order statistics is introduced in this paper. One can choose to recover one source signal or all signals in a specific order. The validity and performance of the proposed method are confirmed by computer simulations.


There is a purpose of this research was to study the theories and research related to Administrative Law. The research instruments were used in the research as followed: opinion questionnaire, rating scale questionnaire to estimate Administrative Law training course for school administrators, test, satisfaction questionnaire of school administrators, and verification form to approve the curriculum. The sample was 148 administrators under Surin Primary of Education Service Office Area 3. The statistics to data analyse were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The research result found that the concept study, theory, researches, Administrative Law training curriculum, related documents, and interviews with 5 experts in administrative law to scope the area of training content by following: Basics of Administrative Law; the National Government Organization Act, BE 2534; Teacher Civil Service and Educational Personnel Act, B.E. 2547; The Administrative Organization of the Ministry of Education Act of B.E. 2546; the Administrative Procedure Act, B.E. 2539; Act on Establishment of Administrative Court and Administrative Court Procedure of Thailand, B.E. 2542; The Liability for Wrongful Act, B.E. 2539; and Official Information Act, B.E. 2540.


In fossil fuel power plant, 12% Cr steel is extensively used as blading material for LP turbine component. These steels undergo damage processes like corrosion and fatigue. Fatigue is the main damage process for the failure of blades. Therefore, in order to increase the fatigue life, compressive stresses are induced on surface using shot peening process. In this paper, various shot peened samples with different parameters are co related with the residual stress measurement on the surface. Residual stress is measured using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. Further, residual stress measurements along the depth profile is also obtained, which are correlated with the shot peening parameters. The developed correlations can be used in assessing the residual life of the 12%Cr steel blades for different shot peening parameters.


Variability in distribution of fathen seeds in the soil was investigated to develop sampling protocols. Vertical distribution of seeds was assessed at 0-2.5, 2.5-5.0, 5.0-10.0 and 10.0‐15.0 cm depth. Horizontal distribution of seeds in the top 5cm of soil was assessed in a 20 by 2.5 m grid at 50 cm intervals. Seeds were extracted from the samples by sieving and their viability was assessed. The fathen seed numbers halved with each 5 cm increase in depth. Seed numbers declined along the row in some cases but there was little localised clumping (± 1 m) of the seed. The most efficient method of sampling the fathen seedbank in a large field would be to take samples on a rectangular grid pattern to a depth of 10 cm.


India dramatically increased its world share of international tourists from.167% to.281%, while it increased foreign exchange receipts from international tourism from.302% to.663% from 1970 to 1980. During; the decade the United Kingdom continued to be India's largest tourism market, with U.S.A. second. However, West Asian visitors who are the highest spenders on both a per visitor and per visitor per day basis, showed a significant upward trend, and U.S.A. visitors, who spend less than West Asians, a downward movement. India's larger growth in the world share of foreign exchange than share of tourists is the result of this change in composition of international visitors. In order to maximise foreign exchange earnings, the Indian government and private organisations should continue to direct their attention to high spending West Asian visitors.


Light‐emitting organic nanofibers made of phenyl molecules like para‐hexaphenyl (p‐6P) and grown on muscovite mica form a model system well‐suited for the study of optics in the sub‐wavelength regime. We demonstrate that p‐6P nanofibers can be grown with high control of the morphology of individual nanoaggregates and also of the mutual alignment of aggregates by the use of appropriate growth conditions and substrate surfaces. The nanofibers can be detached from the substrate, thus allowing one to study the optical response under a huge variety of fundamentally different conditions, from individual floating aggregates to dense bunches of interacting aggregates. We show examples of linear and nonlinear optical properties of the blue‐light‐emitting aggregates and mention possible applications in future submicrometer‐sized optoelectronics.


The recently discovered apical calcium channels CaT1 (TRPV6) and ECaC (TRPV5) belong to a family of six members called the 'TRPV family'. Unlike the other four members which are nonselective cation channels functioning as heat or osmolarity sensors in the body, CaT1 and ECaC are remarkably calcium‐selective channels which serve as apical calcium entry mechanisms in absorptive and secretory tissues. CaT1 is highly expressed in the proximal intestine, placenta and exocrine tissues, whereas ECaC expression is most prominent in the distal convoluted and connecting tubules of the kidney. CaT1 in the intestine is highly responsive to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and shows both fast and slow calcium‐dependent feedback inhibition to prevent calcium overload. In contrast, ECaC only shows slow inactivation kinetics and appears to be mostly regulated by the calcium load in the kidney. Outside the calcium‐transporting epithelia, CaT1 is highly expressed in exocrine tissues such as pancreas, prostate and salivary gland. In these tissues it probably mediates re‐uptake of calcium following its release by secretory vesicles. CaT1 also contributes to store‐operated calcium entry in Jurkat T‐lymphocytes and prostate cancer LNCaP cells, possibly in conjunction with other cellular components which link CaT1 activity to the filling state of the calcium stores. Finally, CaT1 expression is upregulated in prostate cancer and other cancers of epithelial origin, highlighting its potential as a target for cancer therapy.


and social work is lacking, social workers who write about mindfulness need to make the often abstract and theoretical material with which we are familiar more concrete. I would have liked more examples in the book especially in the last section on community work. I was intrigued by the ideas about improving the ability to facilitate macro level change through worker mindfulness. Examples from the authors of a time when mindfulness assisted in change would have been useful. I recommend Mindfulness and social work as a tool for both the teaching and practice of social work. As a clinical social worker, I found valuable information about the potential uses of mindfulness in my work. Moreover, I was provided with numerous and varied exercises to develop my skills of helping. So much of our work is grounded in ''starting where the client is.'' Several of the authors explore how mindfulness can assist a social worker to be curious and nonjudgmental about our clients. Mindfulness and social work are called a ''perfect fit'' (Potter, 2009, p. 56) due to the mutual emphasis on a strength-based approach to change. This volume may be a promising start of a dialogue in our profession of how to make that fit work for the people and communities that we serve. References


We demonstrate single mode lasing from coupled OFRRs via the Vernier effect with a threshold of a few μJ/mm2. The single mode operation is stable under high pump densities, and its wavelength can be tuned.


The present paper aims at presenting Italian language proficiency certificates offered by Italian universities and other institutions. A particular focus was put on such certification features which better address the university students' needs.


It is well known that low‐intensity exercise training (ExT) is beneficial to cardiovascular dysfunction in hypertension. The tonically active glutamatergic input to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region for control of blood pressure and sympathetic tone, has been demonstrated to be increased in hypertensive rats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ExT on the increased glutamatergic input to the RVLM in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).


ABSTRACT Religious expressions and religious behaviours are often considered to be mainly mental or spiritual phenomena, to a large degree divorced from or threatened by physical or material forms that may accompany their expression. This paper asks whether the diminution of the material or the condemnation of idols, icons and religious art loses sight of possible benefits that involvement with these forms of material divinity has for believers. Using the concept of transitional objects and transitional phenomena developed by D. W. Winnicott, a mid-twentieth-century psychoanalyst, I argue that idols, icons and religious art often represent transitional objects that form psychological bridges, intermediaries or anticipated "transitions" from humans to unseen divinities who require materialisation in some form to be maintained actively in the believer's mind. In the process of creating or designing these material forms, the forms themselves often come to be considered "divine". Illustrations are provided.


In this paper, new active learning methods are proposed to filter Chinese spam. It is time-consuming and expensive to label the spam emails in the large datasets. Active learning methods can conspicuously reduce labeling cost by identifying informative examples and speed up online Logistic Regression filter. The experiments illustrate that our methods not only decrease the number of label requests, but also improve the classification performance of spam filtering.


Chemical speciation of Mn(II) in aqueous solution has been investigated by means of density functional methods. Different geometries and electronic states of all species arising from the Mn(II) hydrolysis have been calculated. The Gibbs free energy of the hydrolysis reaction and the respective equilibrium constants have been estimated and compared with the available experimental data. Polarizable continuum model (PCM-UAHF/6-31+G(d)) was used to estimate the solvation energy. The ionization potential of the predominant species are linearly dependent on the number of hydroxyls in their structure. The Mn(II)/Mn(III) oxidation potential estimate is in good agreement with the experimental value, about 0.2 V smaller. The estimated hydrolysis reaction energies are in good agreement with the experimental values with an error of about 3 kcal mol−1 (PBE/TZVP). The unique exception is the [Mn(OH)3]− hydrolysis constant which is not in good agreement with the experimental value. This is attributed to inaccuracy of the presently available experimental value and the PCM solvation free energy estimate. The results shown in this work reinforce the importance of the chemical speciation in order to understand at a molecular level the mechanism of processes involving transition metal ions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008


In this investigation work, I will be analyzing which factors are determinant for economic growth in mide income countries. What effect do fiscal measurres lije taxes, public expense and public investment have? Which type of relationship exists between inflation rate and the speed of economic growth? Which relationship do financial measures and economic growth have? Do the measures used to intervene with trade have effects on growth or just at the beginnin of the implementation? If FDI is restricted in any way, what is its effect on growth?
The methodology applied for the empirical analysis is fixed effects with GLS for a selection 87 countries through period 1970-2015. Results show us that there are variables that not only affect the GDP level, but accelerate or slow growth.


The Michigan State University Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (MSU-FRIB) helium distribution system has been revised to include bayonet/warm valve type disconnects between each cryomodule and the transfer line distribution system, similar to the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) cryogenic distribution systems. The heat loads at various temperature levels and some of the features in the design of the distribution system are outlined. The present status, the plans for fabrication, and the procurement approach for the helium distribution system are also included.


Simulation of turbulence boiling, generation of vapour and predication of its behaviour are still subject to debate in the two-phase flow area and they receive a high level of worldwide attention. In this study, a new arrangement of the three dimensional governing equations for turbulence two-phase flow with heat and mass transfer are derived by using ensemble averaging two-fluid model and utilizing the latest approved constitutive equations. Then, the governing equations are simplified for bulk boiling in a vertical channel. A computer program with SIMPLE algorithm is written for the simplified equations, and the results are compared with available experimental data and a boiling water reactor in operating condition.


This study assessed the effects of the Rocket Math program on the math fluency skills of a first grade student at risk for school failure. The student received instruction in the Rocket Math program over 6 months. He was assessed using a pre-and posttest curriculum-based measurement (CBM) and individualized fluency checkouts within the program. On the CBM pretest, he completed 10 problems correct in 1 minute. On the CBM posttest, he finished 21 problems correct in 1 minute. On the Rocket Math fluency checks, the student's problems correct per minute increased from 19 (Level A on first assessment) to 26 (Level M on third assessment session). He had few errors and averaged 23.1 problems correct per minute on the fluency checks. Implications for further research are discussed.


This paper is designed to empirically investigate interchange between elderly women and their children. To gather empirical evidence, a survey of elderly women was conducted in 2006 in an underpopulated mountain village in Okayama Prefecture. The analysis revealed the following; ①The closer to his or her mother a child lived, the more frequently the mother could obtain instrumental social support from the child. However, the distance between an elderly woman and her child was not always associated with the availability of emotional social support and the socialisation between them. ②Elderly women tended to obtain social support more frequently from their daughters than from their sons. This is particularly true of social support which are regarded as women's role and which are usually obtained from people of the same sex.


This archaeographic publication is devoted to the study of the Jewish question during the Civil War in the east of Russia. A memorandum of the Irkutsk official S. A. Shimansky to the Supreme Ruler Admiral A. V. Kolchak with a proposal to deport Jews from Russia is added. The introductory preface to the document, based both on the works of historians on the situation of Jews in Russia and on clerical sources characterizing the personality of the author of the memo, analyzes the conditions that made it possible for an official in White Siberia to create it. The publication is of interest to researchers of the events of the Russian Revolution and the Civil War in Russia, the ethnopolitical history of the Russian state and Siberia.


The phenomena that have penetrated deep into the flesh of Africa and shattered the dreams of glory in this dark land are colonialism and postcolonialism. According to these political and social upheavals caused by the arrival of the white men to the dark land, some questions flash into the conscious mind as to whether national consciousness, which was forged by the native intellectuals and even some literati, managed to achieve a cornucopia of delights pursued in the anticolonial period. The other controversial question that springs to mind is whether national bourgeoisie, who came to power by the annihilation of the colonial power, helped to establish social and political change for the betterment of society as a whole. By raising these fundamental questions, the researcher strives to shed light on the duplicitous role of national consciousness and native intellectuals in preand post-independent epochs based on Frantz Fanon's "Pitfalls of National Consciousness" in his seminal book The Wretched of the Earth (1963). Interestingly enough, all these cataclysmic colonial and postcolonial events can be analyzed in Chinua Achebe's novels Things Fall Apart (1959), A Man of the People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). In other words, the unbridgeable differences between the ideologies in anticolonial and postcolonial eras, which brought disillusionment in post-independent time among the indigenous people, lie in the lines of these novels.


Abstract In July 2011, the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art embarked on a project looking at contemporary art created in Papua New Guinea as part of the 7th Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art. A particular focus was to look at performative and architectural structures created out of ephemeral materials. In addition to collecting a number of masks that are customarily destroyed at the end of a ceremony, the Gallery also commissioned two major architectural installations from artists living in the East Sepik. These installations were based on the spirit houses of the men in the village. In both Abelam and Kwoma villages, a man's Korumbo or Koromb (spirit house) is the main focus of artistic production. However, these structures are created out of fugitive organic materials. For example, the Abelam Korumbo is left to rot after the conclusion of the initiation cycle that led to the construction of the building. After numerous discussions between various staff at the Gallery and subsequent consultations with the artists in Brikiti and Tongwinjamb villages, a decision was made for them to travel to Australia to work with more permanent, non-traditional materials. This paper examines how this decision was made and the artists' responses to the new materials. The discussion includes consideration of the cultural differences between the artists' and the Gallery staff's understanding of these works. It also elaborates on the tensions that exist between the traditional practices of destroying the objects versus the concept of conservation that is a fundamental principle at the heart of collection practices in western museums. Such ideas are explored further through references to the history of collecting Malangan (spectacular wooden carvings prepared for mortuary ceremonies) from the New Ireland province of Papua New Guinea.


We proposed a vehicle remote control method using past images. This method provides an operator with a birdpsilas-eye view image of the vehicle for easy remote control in a remote environment. This method was mainly adapted to a flat indoor environment. In this paper, we extend it to a 3D outdoor environment by using a GPS and a three-axis attitude sensor.


There is the theory of social choice and then there is the actual practice of politics. One concern of the theory of social choice is how best to aggregate the individual preferences of voters to yield an election outcome that reliably reflects the interests of the electorate. Mathematics has been a central tool in developing this theory. The practice of politics is concerned with how best to elect your candidate, how most ingeniously to do whatever is legal (sometimes even illegal) to "game" the election so as to increase the chance of bringing the election result to your desired end. This practice is mainly devoid of mathematics. This book discusses the many different election procedures that have been proposed over the past few centuries. The author, an experienced and superb storyteller, supplies numerous fascinating details of actual elections and the gaming methods used by various candidates and their supporters. From the corrupt politics of Louisiana in the late 1980's to the 2000 election for President of the United States, in which Green candidate Ralph Nader (a "spoiler") split the Democratic vote in Florida, allowing George W. Bush to defeat Al Gore in Florida and thus win the election, we are treated to many interesting stories of actual elections in which the spoiler effect, vote splitting, and other strategies were used to influence an election. The spoiler effect is a serious defect in our one-man, one-vote, plurality system. Five presidential elections (in 1844, 1848, 1884, 1912, and 2000) were likely won by the second most popular candidate due to a spoiler, a result the author characterizes as a "catastrophic failure" of our presidential election process. At a lower level, we learn of a 2006 California special election in which three candidates were vying for a Congressional seat, two (A and B) in a close race and the third (C), a spoiler with no chance of winning. Candidate A spent money conducting telephone campaigns and buying ads for C in an attempt to take enough votes away from B so he (A) would win. We can expect campaign strategists not to miss any chance of gaming the spoiler effect since, as the author points out, it "can be an order of magnitude more cost-effective than conventional campaign techniques." Such stories, appearing throughout the book, supply interesting background for the author's discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of many different election methods developed over the years. Borda count, Condorcet methods, cumulative voting, instant-runoff, plurality, approval voting, range voting, and the single transferable vote (STV) are all defined and discussed in clear prose. (A version of STV is used to select nominations for Academy Awards.) Brief biographical sketches are presented of those responsible for developing and studying the properties of these voting systems. Much of the research on election methods and their properties in the last sixty years was motivated by Kenneth Arrow's impossibility theorem which proved rigorously that there exists no election procedure, i.e., no method of aggregating individual preferences, if preferences satisfy a small number of intuitively reasonable assumptions. (For details, see Arrow [1].) For example, a property one would want in any election


O The prevalence of violence in romantic relationships is difficult to measure. In part, this reflects the fact that men and women who experience violence in their relationships may be reluctant to report these acts because they want to protect a partner; they may assume that nothing can be done to prevent future violent acts; and they may fear retaliation.6 Moreover, most surveys of relationship violence provide a limited picture of the scope of the problem because they only gather information on the most severe types of violence or they rely solely on the report of one partner—typically the woman.5


Abstract : It is shown that YBCO films with BaSnO3 (BSO) nano-additions, made with either a sectored target or with a premixed target using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD), have a much greater improvement in Jc at the higher fields with an H//c orientation. More than two orders of magnitude improvement in Jc was observed as compared to undoped or similarly processed Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) doped samples at magnetic fields higher than 5 T. The improvement was found to be due to the formation of BSO nanocolumns 8 10 nm in diameter in the films. These nanocolumns nucleate at the interface and subsequently grow perpendicular to the substrate while allowing high-quality YBCO to grow around them. Although similar processing conditions were used, Y211 formed nanoparticles, whereas BSO formed nanocolumns in the YBCO because of the crystal structure match between BSO and YBCO (both are perovskites) and appropriate lattice strain and suitable deposition conditions. The BSO content was also systematically increased from 2 to 20 mol% by using premixed targets of YBCO and BSO to explore the effects of BSO content variation in YBCO. It was shown that even with 20 mol% BSO addition; films can be grown without a significant decrease in critical transition temperature (Tc). While the diameter of the nanocolumns remained at 8 10 nm, the distance between them decreased from 50 nm to 20 nm as the concentration was increased from 2 mol% to 20 mol%, resulting in an increase in the number density. An overall improvement at both low and high fields was observed in samples of YBCO+10 mol% BSO. The YBCO+BSO films deposited on buffered metallic substrates showed improvements as seen on the single-crystal substrates, indicating that the BSO nano-additions can be introduced on polycrystalline buffer layers as used in coated conductors. Unlike BaZrO3, BSO seems to allow higher relative amounts of additions to YBCO without significantly depressing the Tc value. The BSO nanocolumns seem to grow as solid nanorods.


Distributed acoustic sensing is a growing technology that enables affordable downhole recording of strain wavefields from microseismic events with spatial sampling down to ∼1 m. Exploiting this high spatial information density motivates different detection approaches than typically used for downhole geophones. A new machine learning method using convolutional neural networks is described that operates on the full strain wavefield. The method is tested using data recorded in a horizontal observation well during hydraulic fracturing in the Eagle Ford Shale, Texas, and the results are compared to a surface geophone array that simultaneously recorded microseismic activity. The neural network was trained using synthetic microseismic events injected into real ambient noise, and it was applied to detect events in the remaining data. There were 535 detections found and no false positives. In general, the signal‐to‐noise ratio of events recorded by distributed acoustic sensing was lower than the surface array and 368 of 933 surface array events were found. Despite this, 167 new events were found in distributed acoustic sensing data that had no detected counterpart in the surface array. These differences can be attributed to the different detection threshold that depends on both magnitude and distance to the optical fibre. As distributed acoustic sensing data quality continues to improve, neural networks offer many advantages for automated, real‐time microseismic event detection, including low computational cost, minimal data pre‐processing, low false trigger rates and continuous performance improvement as more training data are acquired.


Several research has proven the role of dairy cattle effluents in improving the growth and yield of some crops. However, its role in supporting the growth and yield of sweet corn, especialy in Inceptisols, has not been reported. The study aims to determine the effect of dairy cattle effluents on growth and yield of sweet corn in Inceptisols. The pot study was conducted in a greenhouse of the Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology of Jakarta. The treatments were fertilization using dairy cattle effluents (without dilution, dilution with water 1:1 and 1:2), a mixture of Urea, SP-36 and KCl (NPK), and without fertilizer. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with five replications. Compared to a without fertilizer treatment, dairy cattle effluents were significantly increased plant height (114%), leaf number (136%), cob weight (131%), cob length (124%), and cob diameters (128%). Base on cob weight, relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of dairy cattle effluents reached 38.4% (without dilution), 47.5% (dilution with water 1:1), and 62.1% (dilution with water 1:2).


We demonstrate an all-fiber widely wavelength-tunable thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) mode locked by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). The tuning range spans 121 nm, from 1862 nm to 1983 nm. The central wavelength is tuned by a grating-based tunable filter in the ring laser cavity. To the best of our knowledge, this is so far the most widely wavelength-tunable TDFL mode locked by SESAM.


The ordinary control method, pulse width modulation (PWM) control method, for the shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator has a basic defect: the response of an SMA actuator controlled by this method is very slow, because the maxi mum voltage supplied to the SMA must be kept low in order to prevent the SMA from burning because its temperature is unknown. In this paper, a new control method is proposed to improve the response speed of the SMA actuator by limiting the temperature of the SMA to below the limited value in stead of by limiting the maximum voltage supplied to the SMA. Therefore this new control method allows us to use powerful drivers for supplying voltage to an SMA so as to in crease the heating speed of the SMA. First, a temperature sensor system to detect the SMA's temperature was developed by solving several problems. Next, experiments of the position control by a new SMA actuator system with a temperature threshold for SMA were carried out. Results show that the re sponse speeds are much faster than those using the ordinary control method. In addition, some conditions to further im prove the response speed of the proposed control method for an SMA actuator were obtained.


This investigation was designedto determinewhether livertumorgrowthcanbe preventedbylocalizedradioac tivfty through radioactive gold (198Au)infusion. Colloidal 198Au is phagocytosed by Kupifercellsand emitsI@- and a-radiation.Measurementof a-radiationshowedmarked 198Auliver concentration.Liver chemistries,histology, and isolatedhepatocytefunctionstudiesthat measure [14C]acetate incorporation into bile acid and cholesterol formationafter dosesfrom200 to 3000gtCiwere serially determined.A 4OO-@zCi dose(2944rads)providedsubstan tial localradiationin the liverfor 9 dayswithouttoxicity. Threehundredtwenty-seven male150-gSprague-Dawley rats receivedeither stable("cold") colloidalgold, 198Au, intraportallyor througha peripheralvein within10 mm followingintraportalinfusionof 10,000,000Walker 256 sarcoma cells. In 66 other rats intraportal 198Auadminis trationwasdelayedfor 2 weeksaftertumorimplantation. In rat livers that received '98Au early followingtumor injection, significantly fewer tumors were observed than in controls(p < 109). Whenradiationwas delayedfor 2 weeksafter tumorinfusion,the differenceswere not as significant.


1. The reversal potential of the slow outward current in Purkinje fibres varies with [K]o in accordance with the expected potassium equilibrium potential. It is concluded that virtually all of this current is carried by potassium ions.


The development, execution, and interpretation of studies investigating the physics of the interaction of ultrasound with normal and pathological coronary artery tissues are described in this dissertation. Ultrasound is a modality capable of visualizing and characterizing the lesions that define atherosclerosis. A better understanding of the physics underlying the mechanisms by which ultrasound interacts with arterial tissue and plaques may provide benefit to patients with coronary artery disease. The two-fold goal of the studies presented in this thesis was to better understand the fundamental physics of the relationship between ultrasound and coronary artery tissue and to use this knowledge to contribute to the advancement of techniques capable of improving the diagnosis and management of atherosclerosis. The work presented in this dissertation appears to represent the most comprehensive study of the fundamental ultrasonic properties of human coronary arteries to date. An acoustic microscopy system was developed, refined, and tested for the purposes of acquiring data from fresh (that is, not chemically fixed) coronary artery tissues and atherosclerotic plaques. Novel methods of preparing samples, imaging samples, and collecting data from samples were validated in studies of lamb tissue.


Doctors have warned of the dangers associated with complementary therapies after a 4 year old boy with autism was admitted to an emergency department after his parents followed advice to give him holistic supplements.

When he was admitted to hospital the young boy had symptoms including vomiting, constipation, weight loss, and loss of appetite, doctors from Barts Hospital in London have reported in BMJ Case Reports .1 Tests showed hypercalcaemia …


Although millimeter wave (mmWave) mesh networks provide large bandwidth to deliver IoT packets, link failure caused by non-light-of-sight (NLoS) condition degrades network reliability. With the assistance of software defined networking (SDN), we propose a Fast link failure Recovery Routing (FastReRoute) framework to instantly re-route packets from the failed links to another ones minimizing packet loss. Upon a link fails, FastReRoute first re-routes packets via the pre-configured local backup path. FastReRoute conditionally re-routes packets again according to the management using the SDN controller. We integrate FastReRoute into Mininet for performance evaluation. This demonstrates FastReRoute effectively sustains the network reliability.


The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) is an experimental program which aims to observe the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136. The existence of this process requires neutrinos to be Majorana particles and in its simplest interpretation the rate of decay provides a measurement of the absolute neutrino mass. The first stage of the experiment, EXO-200, features 200 kg of liquid xenon, enriched to 80% in Xe-136. The detector, located at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico, has been in operation for about one and a half years, and the two-neutrino double beta decay of Xe-136 has been measured. Its half life of T1/22νββ = 2.23±0.017(stat)±0.22(sys)×1021 yr makes it the slowest process ever measured directly. No evidence for neutrinoless decay has been found with an exposure of 32.5 kg-yr. A lower limit for the half life has been set to T1/20νββ(136Xe)>1.6×1025 yr (90% CL), corresponding to effective Majorana masses of less than 140-380 meV, depending on the matrix element calculation.


Hydraulic displacement systems are a technology that has been known for many years. Nevertheless, the impression is created that the large fields of application are not only being developed very tentatively, but in many cases are being completely denied. What might be the reason for this? Are the electromechanical solutions better? What is the missing element to build the bridge from the available hydraulic-mechatronic technology to broad customer application? This paper provides an overview of how the targeted use of the latest technologies in the product and in the entire value-added chain has resulted in a complete mechatronic hydraulic system that pushes the limits of feasibility in terms of power, accuracy and efficiency and delivers a clearly calculable benefit for both the plant manufacturer and the end customer. In addition to the great accuracy and high reliability, there are also considerable savings in the total cost of ownership (TCO) due to a previously unattained level of efficiency. The thoughts of health and environmental protection are just as much a part of the considerations as product safety and personal protection. Finally, an outlook on possible expansions is given, and which areas of application are possible for the technologies developed within the project. The aim is not to show how the traditional fields of application of hydraulics are to be defended, but rather to use the strengths of a hydraulic-mechatronic approach in a conscious and clearly structured way to make new applications possible.


In women of older reproductive age, due to the physiological decrease in the ovarian reserve and more frequent concomitant gynecological disorders, the effectiveness of the IVF/IVF-ICSI protocols is significantly reduced, which is associated with a smaller number of obtained oocytes and low quality of embryos 5.


Tillage and crop establishment method play an important role in the placement of seed at proper depth which ultimately affect germination and crop growth. The selection of suitable crop establishment method for wheat is dependent upon the time of sowing and availability of soil moisture. A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the effect of tillage and crop establishment methods on productivity, nutrient uptake and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results revealed that grains, straw and biological yields were significantly higher under treatment T5 (wide bed furrow irrigated) and at par with T2 (furrow irrigated with gated pipe Raised bed) and T8 (zero till flat irrigated by gated pipe Controlled flood irrigation).Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake were significantly more in treatment T5 Original Research Article Kumar et al.; IRJPAC, 21(24): 372-380, 2020; Article no.IRJPAC.66361 373 than other treatments. Significantly maximum gross return (97818 ₹ ha -1 ), was recorded under T5 which was at par with T8 and T2. The maximum net return (61910 ₹ ha -1 ) and B: C ratio (2.84) were fetched under T8 than all other treatments followed by and T5.


Microbiologists focus on the basic biochemical make-up of microbes, such as relative amounts of protein, RNA, and DNA in cells, while ecologists and biogeochemists use elemental ratios, most notably, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N), to explore biogeochemical processes and to connect up the carbon cycle with the cycle of other elements. Microbial ecologists make use of both types of data and approaches. This chapter combines both and reviews all things, from elements to macromolecular structures, that make up bacteria and other microbes. The most commonly used elemental ratio was discovered by Alfred Redfield who concluded that microbes have a huge impact on the chemistry of the oceans because of the similarity in nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios for organisms and nitrate-to-phosphate ratios in the deep oceans. Although statistically different, the C:N ratios in soil microbes are remarkably similar to the ratios of aquatic microbes. The chapter moves on to discussing the macromolecular composition of bacteria and other microbes. This composition gives insights into the growth state of microbes in nature. Geochemists use specific compounds, "biomarkers", to trace sources of organic material in ecosystems. The last section of the chapter is a review of extracellular polymers, pili, and flagella, which serve a variety of functions, from propelling microbes around to keeping them stuck in one place.


Abstract Low probability of intercept (LPI) radars utilize specially designed waveforms for intra-pulse modulation and hence LPI radars cannot be easily intercepted by passive receivers. The waveforms include linear frequency modulation, nonlinear frequency modulation, polyphase, and polytime codes. The advantages of LPI radar are wide bandwidth, frequency variability, low power, and the ability to hide their emissions. On the other hand, the main purpose of intercept receiver is to classify and estimate the parameters of the waveforms even when the signals are contaminated with noise. Precise measurement of the parameters will provide necessary information about a threat to the radar so that the electronic attack or electronic warfare support system could take instantaneous counter action against the enemy. In this work, noisy polyphase and polytime coded waveforms are analyzed using cyclostationary (CS) algorithm. To improve the signal quality, the noisy signal is pre-processed using two types of denoising filters. The denoised signal is analyzed using CS techniques and the coefficients of spectral correlation density are computed. With this method, modulation parameters of nine types of waveforms up to −12 dB signal-to-noise ratio with an accuracy of better than 95% are extracted. When compared with literature values, it is found that the results are superior.


The following new species are described: Megalepthyphantes auresensis sp. n., M. hellinckrorum sp. n., Palliduphantes tricuspis sp. n. and P. yakourensis sp. n. The unknown male of Lepthyphantes aelleni and the unknown female of Palliduphantes cadiziensis are described for the first time, and Lepthyphantes afer is redescribed. The following new combinations are proposed: Canariphantes atlassahariensis (Bosmans) comb. n., transferred from Lepthyphantes, Canariphantes zonatus (Simon) comb. n., transferred from Bolyphantes and Improphantes djazairi (Bosmans) comb. n., transferred from Lepthyphantes. An overview of all Maghrebian species and new distribution data of several species are presented. Les especes nouvelles suivantes sont decrites: Megelepthyphantes auresensis sp. n., M. hellinckxorum sp. n., Palliduphantes tricuspis sp. n. et P. yakourensis sp. n. Le mâle inconnu de Lepthyphantes aelleni et la femelle inconnue de Palliduphantes cadiziensis sont decrits pour la premiere fois et Lepthyphantes afer est redecrit Les combinaisons nouvelles suivantes sont proposees: Canariphantes atlassahariensis (Bosmans) comb. n., transfere de Lepthyphantes, Canariphantes zonatus (Simon) comb. n., transfere de Bolyphantes et Improphantes djazairi (Bosmans) comb. n., transfere de Lepthyphantes. Toutes les especes Maghrebiennes sont revues et de nouvelles dates de distribution sont presentees.


The GRI 1.2 mechanism is used to predict the oxidation rates of methane and methanol by oxygen in supercritical water at 250 bar and temperatures ranging from 420--630 C. Using the Chemkin II computational package which assumes an ideal gas equation of state, the GRI model does very well in representing the available experimental results on methane over a wide temperature and concentration rate. However, the model may lack key CH{sub 3}O{sub 2} reactions needed for a complete description in the < 450 C region. The oxidation of methanol and formation of formaldehyde is not well represented by the GRI mechanism when left unchanged. If two important modifications are made to the reactivity of HO{sub 2}, good agreement with the methanol oxidation results is achieved. This paper illustrates that the carefully-assembled GRI 1.2 mechanism, although designed for conventional combustion conditions, can be successfully extended with very little modification to much lower temperature and extreme pressure conditions. The purpose of this study is to understand the operative chemical kinetics of supercritical water oxidation required for the more efficient application of this technology to treatment of hazardous wastes, obsolete munitions, rocket motors, and chemical warfare agents.


Accurate knowledge of machine dynamics is required for predicting stability and precision in a machining process. Frequency response function (FRF) measurements need to be performed to identify the dynamics of the systems experimentally. This can be very time consuming considering the number of tool-tool holder combinations in a production facility. In this paper, methods for modelling dynamics of milling tool is presented. Static and dynamic analysis of tools with different geometry and material are carried out by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Some practical equations are developed to predict the static and dynamic properties of tools. Receptance coupling and substructuring analyses are used to combine the dynamics of individual component dynamics. In this analysis, experimental or analytic FRFs for the individual components are used to predict the final assembly's dynamic response. The critical point in this analysis is to identify the interface stiffness and damping between the tool and tool holder. The effects of changes in tool parameters and clamping conditions are evaluated. The predictions are verified by


After our tentative detection of an optical counterpart to CXOU J010043.1–721134 from archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, we have followed up with further images in four bands. Unfortunately, the source originally identified is not confirmed. We provide deep photometric limits in four bands and accurate photometry of field stars around the location of the magnetar.


Tunnelling has become a key task in the development of both the mining industry and road or railway communications. Because of its intrinsic complexity and the high number of factors involved, this type of projects has traditionally been considered work of high and undefined risk. The diffusion of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM; Refs. l-3) meant a notable impulse for technical advancement in this engineering field. However, paradoxically, the problem of safety level assessment is even now reduced to the calculation of a unique margin of safety the definition of which does not fulfill current requirements. The purpose of the work described in this pape? has been the introduction of modern techniques of structural reliability in the design model for tunnel support structures proposed by the NATM. With this objective, the characteristic curves method (interaction diagram) has been used to approach the mechanical problem. Point 2 of the paper is devoted to briefly describing the corresponding formulation. The third section includes an introduction to structural reliability and a summary of the basic Level II techniques applied to develop this work. Point 4 then describes the proposed reliability model itself: the limit states definition, random variables selection, and methodology employed. Eventually, the last section includes some results obtained from the application of the model to practical design situations. Some guidelines are proposed to calibrate partial safety factors to be included in a standard load and resistance factors design-type format.


INTRODUCTION
shoulder hemiarthroplasty is being relegated as a treatment for non-osteosynthetic proximal humerus fractures. Our objective is to analyze the functional results of patients treated with hemiarthroplasty for this reason in our hospital.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
cross-sectional descriptive study that includes patients operated between February 2016 and November 2021; 24 patients, with an average follow-up of 44.6 months. Active joint balance, the Constant-Murley test, the DASH questionnaire and current pain (VAS) were collected. The radiographic parameters analyzed were the number of fracture fragments and the consolidation of the tuberosities.

RESULTS
a mean of 71.65 ± 13.75 was obtained in the Constant-Murley and 18.14% ± 13.92 in the DASH. For shoulder flexion, the mean was 108.75° ± 41.26; 104.5° ± 43.68 for abduction and 33° ± 14.73 for external rotation. About internal rotation, 60% of the patients reached the scapular plane. Average VAS was 1.25 ± 1.74. Consolidated tuberosities in 90.5%. There were no significant differences comparing the Constant-Murley test, DASH or rotations between both, over and under 65 years old group of patients. Those over 65 years of age obtained a mean flexion of 125.91° ± 26.82 whereas those under 87.78° ± 26.82 (p = 0.038). The mean abduction in those over 65 was 125.45 ± 28.94 vs 78.89 ± 46.29 in the young group (p = 0.012).

CONCLUSION
hemiarthroplasty provides quality of life with acceptable functionality and good pain control, therefore it should continue to be an alternative to consider in selected patients.


Parasitic pneumonia in adult cattle Copper toxicosis in adult dairy cows Bovine herpesvirus type 4 isolated from bovine metritis Suspected slurry gas poisoning in yearling cattle Equine infectious anaemia in a foal 'Puffhead' in three-week-old turkeys — These are among matters discussed in the Northern Ireland animal disease surveillance quarterly report for July to September 2006


Objective:Application of velocity vector technology(VVI)quantitative analysis the strain gradient of left ventricular subendocardial myocardial(endo),midmyocardium(myo),subepicardium(epi)in health adults and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Method:Thirty-eight healthy adults and twelve HCM patients were enrolled in this study.Application of VVI automatic analysis software,we calculated radial strain(RS)and all three layers′longitudinal strain(LS)in apical 4-chamber view,RS and three layers′circumferential strain(CS) in short-axis view at the level of papillary muscle,and the corresponding strain rate(SR),strain gradient.Result: The LS and CS of endo-,mid-wall,and epimyocardium(LSendo,LSmyo,LSepi;CSendo,CSmyo,CSepi)both decreased gradually in healthy subjects and HCM patients,the corresponding longitudinal and circumferential SR also had this characteristic.The strain gradient difference of the three layers(LSendo-epi,CSendo-epi,LSendomyo,CSendo-myo,LSmyo-epi,CSmyo-epi)between two subjects had no statistics significance.The LS of endo-, mid-wall,epimyocardium and their mean value(LSmean)in healthy subjects were higher than those in HCM patients.The ejection fraction(EF)in healthy subjects had a significant linear correlation with the RS,LSendo, LSmyo in apical 4-chamber view and RS,CSmyo in short-axis view at the level of papillary muscle.Conclusion: There is a certain pattern in LS and CS gradient,which is inner strainmid-wallouter strain,and there is no apparent difference between healthy subjects and HCM patients.Each layer myocardial LS and LSmean in healthy adults were all greater than those in HCM patients.The EF in healthy adults but not in HCM patients had a positive correlation with RS,LSendo,LSmyo and CSmyo.


This study presents detailed characteristics of the DMLS method as used for titanium alloy powder with reference to a possible intended use in aeronautics applications.In the present study test models were made, designed for trials in which the model material properties are to be determined and which specify the basic features of the RP/DMLS technique. In order to evaluate the ultimate use of the DMLS technique in fabricating titanium alloy parts, the following procedures were conducted: tensile and upsetting tests for Ti6Al4V alloy samples (a comparative analysis for DMLS models and models fabricated, respectively, from titanium sheet and bar was carried out), an SEM analysis of the microstructure of the fragments of the surface of polished and etched samples, a Vickers hardness test and an analysis of the accuracy of the reproduction of the shape and roughness of the model fabricated in the DMLS procedure. A detailed analysis of the DMLS method significantly supplements the existing body of knowledge on innovative rapid prototyping techniques [1–4], and the results allow us to specify a group of aircraft structure components which may be fabricated using this method. Excellent strength properties of DMLS models and the possibility of improving surface quality by mechanical working enable the fabrication of advanced aircraft structure components operated in target conditions (under load).


Objective: To characterize the adsorption capacity of microporous starch, taking clove volatile oil as the model drug. Methods: The yield and dissolution rate of eugenol from different ratio of microporous starch were evaluated, meanwhile the thermal stability of eugenol was studied. Results: The yield of eugenol was up to(91.03±0.56)% when solidification ratio of microporous starch to volatile oil was 2.5:1; meanwhile the dissolution rate of eugenol was increased and the thermal stability was improved after absorption by porous starch. Conclusion: The above results proved that the microporous starch is suitable for solidifying clove volatile oil, which paved the preliminary way for the study of microporous starch as absorbent and solidifying excipient.


The AIDS epidemic will cause significant increases in illness and death in prime age adults. This will affect both households and communities. Prime age adult illness and death will manifest itself through negative social economic and developmental impacts. The economic impacts at the household level of the epidemic are decreased income increased costs decreased productive capacity and changing expenditure patterns. Three coping strategies are observed: altering household composition; withdrawing savings or selling assets; receiving assistance from other households. Following death the impacts break out of the family into the community primarily through orphaning. In the near future the sheer number of orphans may overwhelm the capacity of existing community resources to cope. The distribution of the impacts of the AIDS epidemic falls unevenly among the genders. Women have higher infection rate and bear a disproportionate burden of the care of HIV-positive people. Orphaned girls are more vulnerable to exploitation. (authors)


e14675 Background: The impact of primary tumor resection on survival in pts with mCRC and unresectable synchronous metastases is unclear. We aimed to examine the association of primary tumor resect...


The electrochemical behavior of ethyl acetate extract of Samanea saman (Jacq.)Merr were studied by cyclic voltammetry using a three electrode system. The extracts were investigated for presence of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity assessed from its oxidation potential values at glassy carbon electrode. A reproducibility of oxidation potential, height of peaks and calibration slops were obtained.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBER OPTIC. A COATING FOR OPTICAL FIBER WITH COPOLYMER BLOCK TYPE STYRENE-RUBBER STYRENE LOSSES REDUCED BY MICRO-CURVES ON TEMPERATURE RANGE USE EXTENDED TO A LOWER TEMPERATURE OF AT LEAST -40C WITH UPPER LIMIT TEMPERATURE OF AT LEAST 90C. ALSO THIS COPOLYMER, COATING MATERIAL CONTAINING OIL naphthenic or PARAFFINIC, COPOLYMER coumaroneindene FOR BETTER GRIP ON GLASS AND STABILIZING VIS-A-VIS THE THERMAL OXIDATION. PROPORTIONS OF THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS ARE INCLUDED IN RANGE DEFINED BY THE ABCD POINTS. TELECOMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS TO OPTICAL.


—In this communication we introduce a participatory design approach to blockchain-based tokenization for local communities. Blockchain-based systems for the social economy, such as community currency systems, have different requirements from decentralized finance applications in terms of incentive mechanisms, governance and scale. For this reason, we aim to address the lack of methods and tools enabling social economy stakeholders to represent and transfer tokenized assets. In order to do so, we developed the CommonsHood web application. This is a wallet-app based on the Internet of Values 2.0 concept, whereby each user can easily deploy tokens representing assets and rights based on a no-code approach. We adopted co-design with local stakeholders both in the definition of the concept of the application and in the modeling and design of the specific functionalities supporting token economies of local stakeholders.


The study question on the bullying of dental students by their medical counterparts is of the utmost significance due to the policy implications and the necessity for additional research. Despite anecdotal evidence showing instances of competitiveness and exploitation between dental and medical students, there is an absence of comprehensive studies on the incidence and impact of bullying specifically targeted against dental students. This research gap is concerning since bullying has a negative impact on people's mental health, academic success, and professional development. This review provides an in-depth study of the matter, allowing the policymakers better understand the scope and dynamics of bullying among medical and dental students, to enable them develop specialized policies and programs to address the problem.


Abstract 5080 Background: Combination of rituximab (R) and anthracyclin-based chemotherapy (CT) regimens had greatly improved the overall survival (OS) of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). It is challenging to identify more accurately patients who will progress during therapy or relapse after initial treatment. Currently, International Prognostic Index (IPI) is the better tool in daily practice to define at diagnosis the prognostic of DLBCL patients. New biological parameters in relation with the pathogenesis of DLBCL were developed but were not routinely used. In this context, iron homeostasis was not well explored in the pathogenesis of DLBCL and the markers of iron metabolism had not been analysed as prognostic markers for DLBCL patients treated with R-CT. Patients and Methods: In this study, we assessed the prognostic role of serum ferritin on complete response (CR) after initial treatment, OS and Progression Free Survival (PFS) in a cohort of DLBCL patients treated by R-CT in first line therapy. Between March 2005 and December 2008, 87 DLBCL patients could have at diagnosis a serum ferritin dosage. Outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between patients with or without elevated ferritin and in each quartile of ferritin dosage using the log-rank test. Results: The median age of patients was 67 years old (range, 23 – 96). Initial characteristics of whole series were as follow: male gender, 41%, stage III-IV 69%, elevated LDH 84%, number of extra-nodal sites >1 24%, Performance Status (PS) >1 22% and 69% of patients had an age-adjusted IPI (aaIPI) 2–3. Median ferritin was 268μ g/l (range, 27 – 3343), 45 patients (52%) had an elevated ferritin level. Ferritin level had no prognostic impact on CR at the end of initial treatment whether patients were compared with or without elevated ferritin or by quartile groups. The 2-year OS was 69% (95% confidence interval (CI) 53–81) for patients with elevated ferritin and 88% (CI 74 – 95) for patients with normal ferritin (p=0.04). The 2-year PFS was 58% (CI 43–73) for patients with elevated ferritin and 75% (CI 59 – 86) for patients with normal ferritin (p=0.09). The 2-year OS for patients in the first quartile (27-115 μ g/l) was 86% (CI 67–95); in the second quartile (116-267 μ g/l) 94% (CI 74–99), in the third quartile (268-465 μ g/l) 74% (CI 51–89) and in the fourth quartile (≥ 466 μ g/l) 58% (CI 38–76) (p=0.02). The 2-year PFS for patients in the first quartile was 72% (CI 51–87); in the second quartile 82% (CI 56–94), in the third quartile 58% (CI 36–77) and in the fourth quartile 54% (CI 34–73) (p=0.14). Patients could be classified using the fourth quartile (≥ 466 μ g/l) versus the lower 3 quartiles. The 2-year OS was 85% (CI 74–92) for patients with low ferritin ( 1, CRP level (normal vs. abnormal) distribution were not statistically different between patients with low and elevated ferritin. Three prognostic classes integrated the aaIPI could be proposed: Low ferritin ( Conclusion: This exploratory study identifies a subgroup of patients with high aaIPI 2–3 and a high ferritin (≥ 466 μ g/l) who presented an immediate poor outcome. These results need to be confirmed in a large prospective series of DLBCL to know if serum ferritin could add prognostic information to IPI. These results also incline to decipher the role of iron homeostasis in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In the present work we synthesized activated carbon using fire stick wood. For the synthesis chemical activation method is employed using phosphoric acid. Various parameters which influence the adsorption process such as agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, volume of RY dye solution and pH were studied. Studies showed that 40 mg of adsorbent with 240 micron size was found to remove around 96.76% of dye. Increase in adsorption with the increase in dosage of the adsorbent and decrease in size of the particle, initial concentration and increase in pH of the solution 3 to 6. The obtained results show that activated carbon synthesized from fire wood is effective in the removal of the dye from aqueous solution.


Background/hypothesis of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine a relationship between cerebrovascular dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities in rats exposed to alcohol in utero using a preclinical rat model. Maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is an established risk factor for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which has been estimated to impact approximately 1% of children in the United States. While studies have shown impairment in functional responses of cerebral resistance arterioles in rats exposed to prenatal alcohol, no studies have examined the association between impaired cerebrovascular function and contributory behavioral abnormalities. We hypothesize that the cerebrovascular dysfunction caused by in utero alcohol exposure results in a decrease in blood flow to the brain and, hence, a decrease in oxygen delivery, which may contribute to behavioral abnormalities. Methods and Results: We fed Sprague-Dawley dams a liquid diet with or without alcohol (3% ethanol) for the duration of their pregnancy (21-23 days). We then performed short-term memory (Novel Object Recognition [NOR]) and coordination and balance (Rotarod) assessments on the offspring during adolescence (4-6 weeks) and adulthood (14-16 weeks). Following the behavioral evaluations, we examined the reactivity of cerebral arterioles to nitroglycerin (NOS-independent), adenosine diphosphate (ADP; eNOS-dependent), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; nNOS-dependent), and iloprost (BK channel-dependent). All tests were examined in control male and female and prenatal alcohol male and female. We found impairment in eNOS-, nNOS-, and K-channel-dependent dilation of cerebrovascular arterioles in rats exposed to alcohol in utero . Associated with this impaired Background and Aims: In healthy conditions, the proteasome degrades unneeded and unwanted proteins in the cell, but in most heart diseases, there is an increase in misfolded proteins that overwhelms the proteasome, contributing to cardiac pathogenesis. One method to deal with this problem is to increase proteasome proteolytic function. Research in C. Elegans has found that increasing the expression of the proteasome subunit Rpn6 causes increased proteolysis by the proteasome. This study aimed to determine whether Rpn6 overexpression can be achieved in mammals and, if so, whether that increases proteasome activities. Methods and Results: The mouse model was created by targeting a transgenic construct capable of conditional overexpression of Rpn6 into the Rosa26 (R26) locus of the mouse genome. In the transgenic construct, a loxP flanked blocker was inserted between the promoter and the Rpn6 cDNA so that Rpn6 overexpression can be induced in a tissue when coupled with transgenic Cre expression in the tissue. We crossed the R26-Rpn6 mice with a cardiomyocyte-restricted Cre overexpressing mouse ( Myh6-Cre ) and examined both male and female littermate R26-Rpn6::Myh6-Cre and My6-Cre mice at 4 weeks of age. Western blot analyses reveal that myocardial Rpn6 and 20S α3 subunit were increa sed respectively by 73% [100.0±5.620(N=8) vs. 173.1±11.20(N=7), p< 0.0001] and 31% [100.0±8.372(N=8) vs. 131.2±8.012(N=7), p=0.0192] in R26-Rpn6::Myh6-Cre mice compared with littermate control groups. The myocardial proteasomal peptidase activity assay showed a 37% increase in 26S chymotrypsin-like activity in R26-Rpn6::Myh6-Cre mice compared with the control group [100.0±1.64 N=6 vs 136.9±14.15(N=5), p=0.0720], although the difference did not reach statistical significance yet due to large variation. Conclusions: These results show that RPN6 can be overexpressed in mouse hearts and this overexpression likely increases proteasome abundance and activity, producing a potentially new proteasome gain of function model for further investigation. Background and Hypothesis: Patients with concomitant diabetes and breast cancer have increased mortality due to chemoresistance and metastasis. Metastasis of cancer cells is highly dependent on the reorganization of the cell cytoskeleton and is responsible for the high mortality associated with cancer. Hence, it is hypothesized that cytoskeletal inhibitors prevent metastasis of breast cancer cells in hyperglycemic conditions. Methods and Results: To test this hypothesis, scratch wound healing assays and trans-well migration assays were performed with MDA-MB-231 cells (late-stage metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells). Cells were treated with normal glucose (5mM) or high glucose (25mM) conditions in the presence of Rho kinase (Y-27632, 10 uM) or focal adhesion kinase (FAK, 10 uM) inhibitors. It was observed that while glucose treatments completely covered the scratch after 24h, inhibition of Rho kinase did not have any protective effect. Interestingly, FAK inhibition markedly suppressed the migration of cells under both normal (mean area change 17.3±6.74% of 5mM glucose control at 0h) and high glucose conditions (mean area change 0.3±0.33% of 5mM glucose control at 0h) after 24h in the scratch wound healing assay. These results are being corroborated using transwell migration assay. Conclusions: The data suggests that focal adhesion kinase inhibition can prevent the metastasis of triple negative breast cancer cells in diabetic as well as normal conditions and can be further explored as a chemotherapeutic option for resistant triple negative breast cancer. Background: Neointimal hyperplasia (NH) is a common pathological response to vascular injury. NH is caused primarily by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is formed by 8 canonical subunits (CSN1 through CSN8) with its deneddylation activity residing in CSN5. Despite strong evidence linking the CSN to cell cycle regulation, the role of the CSN in vascular biology remains obscure. To fill this critical gap, this study tests the hypothesis that the CSN promotes NH through Cullin deneddylation dependent and independent mechanisms. Methods and Results: We performed left common carotid artery (LCCA) ligation in adult mice to produce NH and analyzed the LCCA segment proximal to the ligation. LCCA ligation markedly increased the mRNA and protein levels of CSN subunits in wild type mice (p<0.05). VSMC proliferation was suppressed in mice with smooth muscle-restricted CSN5 knockout (CSN5-SMKO) (0.102±0.07 vs. 1.00, p<0.0001), but NH was significantly exacerbated by CSN8 hypomorphism (CSN8-hypo) (2.36±0.5 vs. 1.00±0.3, p<0.0001). In vitro , isolated, and cultured VSMCs from CSN8-hypo mice also showed increased proliferation in response to PDGF-BB compared to littermate non-hypomorphic (CTL) VSMCs (p<0.05). Further, we detected smaller nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios for both p27 and CSN5, as well as increases in the cytoplasmic CSN5 mini-complex in CSN8-hypo mouse tissues and cultured CSN8-hypo Background/hypothesis: SLCO1B1 genotype is known to influence patient adherence to statin therapy, in part by increasing the risk for statin-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (SAMS). For simvastatin specifically, the SLCO1B1*5 allele has previously been associated with SAMS. For atorvastatin, prior studies assessing the impact of SLCO1B1*5 on SAMS have yielded inconclusive findings, due to insufficient power. Methods and Results: This study quantifies the impact of SLCO1B1*5 on atorvastatin discontinuation and SAMS in a large observational cohort using electronic medical record (EMR) data from a single health care system. In the study cohort (n = 1,627 patients exposed to atorvastatin during the course of routine clinical care), 56% (n = 912 of 1,627 patients) discontinued atorvastatin, and 18% (n = 303 of 1,627 patients) developed SAMS. A univariate analysis revealed that SLCO1B1*5 increased the likelihood that patients would stop atorvastatin during routine care (Odds Ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval [C.I.]: 1.1 - 1.5, p = 0 . 04). Further analyses using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that this same variant was associated with time to atorvastatin discontinuation (Hazard Ratio 1.2, C.I. 1.1 - 1.4, p = 0.004). Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a leading cause of death and disability with a prevalence surpassing that of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. HFpEF can be modelled through simultaneous metabolic and hypertensive stresses in male mice provoked by a combination treatment of a high fat diet (HFD) and constitutive nitric oxide synthase inhibition by Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME). Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction was detected in many forms of cardiomyopathy, but whether it occurs in HFpEF remains unknown. Methods and Results: Adult littermate male FVB/N mice transgenic and non-transgenic for GFPdgn (an inverse UPS reporter) were randomly assigned to the CHOW group (a standard chow diet) or the HFD+L-NAME group [HFD and L-NAME in drinking water (0.5g/L)] throughout the study. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and echocardiography were performed at multiple timepoints. The HFD+L-NAME group developed HFpEF by 7-week as evidenced by reduced glucose tolerance measured by GTT [AUC: 37714±3922(6)* vs. 23885±1039(6); P =0.007], reduced exercise tolerance as revealed by reduced running distance to fatigue [168.1±17.04(6) vs. 268.6±27.81(6); P =0.011], cardiac hypertrophy as revealed by increased LV end-diastolic wall thickness [0.82±0.036(6) vs. 0.72±0.021(6); P =0.037], but comparable ejection fraction [55.61±1.66(6) Background: A cell culture study shows cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activates 26S proteasomes by phosphorylating Ser14 of Rpn6, but this discovery and its physiological significance remain to be established in vivo . Here we tested the hypothesis that Ser14-Rpn6 phosphorylation (pS14-Rpn6) mediates the activation of proteasomes by PKA and reduces proteotoxicity in vivo . Methods and Results: We generated two mouse models, in which Ser14 of endoge


To study the effects of topography on quality of Longmen Nianju(Citrus reticuiata Blanco) fruits stored on the tree,experiment was made in three consecutive years.The results showed that the orchard's topography have a certain impact on the appearance and endoplasmic of fresh fruit on the tree.Vc content,soluble solids content,reducing sugar,sucrose and total sugar content of fruit on plain orchard were more than those on slope orchard.The maximum of those in slope orchard appeared in mid-February in the same time or later than in the plains.Thereafter,the contents of these quality parameters decreased at different speeds,but the topography did not significantly affect them.Before the appearance of maximum,the Pn of leaves in sloping fields were higher than that the plains,but those in the plains increased gradually with the decline of fruit quality parameters.The fruits of slope orchard were available to storage on the tree because they matured later than those in the plain orchard.


The problem of establishing maximum size of a wind farm (WF) when it joins a WF cluster (WFC) is examined. It is shown that the clustering effect can be quantified by detailed simulation of system dynamics, using appropriate models for wind events, wind facilities, and power system equipment. The paper points out the inevitability of WFC formations and draws attention to their operational impacts. A case study is used to demonstrate how location and layout of a WF can influence system dynamics, and thus, restrict the WF size.


In this paper the authors examine the applicability of unmanned aerial vehicles in the field of public service. In  addition to the examination of the application areas so far,  the possibilities of the future application areas based on  trends are also discussed. The main research question was to find out which critical infrastructures, or other priority  areas can be operationally monitored by unmanned aerial  vehicles (UAVs) to support day-to-day operations. As a  result of the study, photovoltaic solar power plants,  facilities involved in energy production and the waste  management area were also identified as target areas. The  former can be excellent test areas for the operational and  remote monitoring functions of unmanned aerial vehicles.


Nsisongabasi Akpan reflects on the challenges of moving from level 1 to level 3 patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the difficulties of staying motivated while facing frequent patient deaths.


From 2000 to 2004 in about the half of the German dioeceses new (arch-) bishops will have to be appointed. Therefore should be presented the relevant norms of the CIC and German concordats as well as the outlined impulses regarding the joint responsibility of the Ecclesia particularis.


Accurate age estimation of human adult is an important problem in both anthropological and forensic fields. This paper proposes a method for the determination of pulp to tooth area ratio from dental radiographs of canine teeth, which is a non- invasive and feasible method for adult age prediction. With advancing age, the size of dental pulp cavity is reduced as a result of secondary dentine deposit. The aim of the study is to test the reliability and applicability of pulp/tooth area ratio (PTR) in canine teeth as an indicator of age.


A MATHEMATICAL solution existence and uniqueness theorem has been developed for applying the classical Goodman heat balance integral (HBI) method to a class of one-dimensional heat conduction problems. This Synoptic presents the theorem and points out its significance and uses. The theorem applies to the class of problems in which a heat flux load is imposed on a semi-infinite solid with temperaturedependent properties. It includes new mathematical conditions which test whether the HBI method can rigorously handle nonlinearities in the heat loads and material properties of a particular problem. Examples show that violation of the new conditions can lead to mathematical/numerical solutions which become unexpectedly singular under the HBI method, even though the original problem under study may be physically sound.


Recently, people seek to recognize organizationally and cross sectionally the period work of a company such as manufacturing, retail, distribution, accounting, and personnel management in order to maximize company profit. Also, the ERP system, which is used as a management concept for plan management designed to optimize the utilization of management resources in an enterprise like manner, has been introduced for the same purpose. This study has examined the ERP system, which has been currently set up, for the parent company, S. The study has evidentially analyzed the system efficiency and satisfaction level of customers by examining implementation effects after onsite application and by seeking ways of improvement after recognizing the difficulty linked with use discovered after onsite application of the system and rejection by customers by conducting a questionnaire survey.


in the past the surgeon has done many things which he ought not to have done and the physician has left undone many things which he ought to have done. A diagnosis must often be made on symptoms alone, and even a modern investigation may yield little that is objective but it should never be omitted. My own interest in this subject goes back to my student days. I was amazed with the uselessness of much of the abdominal surgery which was * Presidential Address read before Glasgow Northern Medical Society, on loth October, 1036.


Wetlands often serve as nutrient sinks, Wetlands microorganisms and wetlands plants; serve as environmental filters by trapping impurities such as toxins and excessive nutrients as water flows through the wetlands system. Although wetlands remove nutrients from inflows, the nutrients, once in the wetland, can cause substantial changes to the biological assemblages as well as to the overall functioning of the system. Although the term "enrichment" usually has positive connotation, it is causing substantial ecological and economic problems across the Nation.


The bull's contribution through artificial insemination to reproductive efficiency is of great biological importance. The objectives were (1) to compare the oestrous synchronization response of Bonsmara and Nguni cows; and (2) to find the relationship between cow's conception rate (in vivo and in vitro fertilization) and bull sperm motility rate assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) following AI. For the in vivo sperm fertility test, 100 Bonsmara and 482 Nguni cows were randomly selected and subjected to oestrous synchronization protocol and AI with frozen-thawed assessed semen by CASA before AI. Briefly at Day 0, cows were inserted with an intravaginal CIDR® (1.9g), which was removed on Day 7. Prostaglandin was then administered (2mL) on Day 8 and a heatmount detector was placed on the hindquarter of each cow. For the in vitro sperm fertility test, collected oocytes from slaughterhouse were in vitro matured (n=360) and in vitro fertilized (sperm/mL) in 100-µL droplets (final volume) of BO-IVF medium per treatment bulls (Bonsmara or Nguni bull). The frozen/thawed semen straws of Bonsmara and Nguni bulls were randomly selected and used under the same IVF conditions. The thawed bull's sperm characteristics were examined by CASA before in vitro fertilization. Data were analysed using ANOVA. Treatment means were compared using the Fisher's protected least significant difference t-test. There was no significant difference in oestrous response for the Bonsmara (83.0%) and Nguni (90.8%) cows, respectively. The Bonsmara cows recorded a significantly higher pregnancy rate (59.0%) compared with the Nguni (37.1%) cows (P<0.05). Sperm traits such as total motility (TM), progressive motility and rapid were found to be positively correlated with conception rate (r=0.06, 0.03, and 0.08, respectively; P<0.01), although correlations were low. There was no difference in the average frozen-thawed sperm TM rate of Nguni (92.2%) and Bonsmara (81.0%). There was a lower fertilization rate following IVF with Bonsmara and Nguni bull sperm. In conclusion, Nguni cows had similar oestrous response as Bonsmara cows. The sperm traits from Bonsmara and Nguni bulls were found to be related to in vivo conception and in vitro fertilization rate when sperm cells were assessed by CASA technology. However, the pregnancy rate was lower in Nguni cows.


A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the detn. of Nb(V) based on the extn. of Nb(V)-thiocyanate-chlorpromazine hydrochloride complex into benzene from 2-5M HCl is described. The benzene ext. shows max. absorption at 400 nm with a molar absorptivity of 2.44 A� 104 L mol-1 cm-1. Beer's law is valid over the concn. range 0.02-3 ppm Nb with an optimum concn. range of 0.3-2.6 ppm. [on SciFinder(R)]


In an interview the famous Japanese historian Noboru Karashima once said 'if literature is to be used as a method of analysis, comparative literature of same period should be studied to understand various types of social formation' [1]. But here, the two treatises, the Kalika Purana and the Yogini Tantra that we are selecting for this comparative study are not contemporary to each other. Even the nature of composition of these two treatises is also not same – one is known as an Upa-Purana and other being considered as tantra. But there are factors like same regional background i.e. both are regarded as composition of Assam and both have vivid geographical descriptions which inspired us to make the proposition of this comparative study. In this regard it is interesting to note that these descriptions are categorically mean to speak specially about rivers. More than fifty rivers of divergent identities have found their mention in each of these two compilations of Kamrupa origin. Though, majority numbers of such references are about the rivers of Assam but it is interesting that the treatises are also speaking about the rivers beyond the territories of the traditional boundaries of Assam and such references of rivers are the core concern of the study. Inspired by the ideal of nadi stuti of Rg Veda, the study here intends to go with comparative methodological approach to understand different phases of cultural connectivity that Kamrupa had enjoyed through the ages.