Agarwala, A. N. Some Aspects of Economic Advancement of Under-developed Economies. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1958. Pp. iv+124. Rs. 3. Andrade, J. Freire d'. Freedom Chooses Slavery. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1959. Pp. 139. $3.50. Becker, Joseph M. Shared Government in Employment Security: A Study of Advisory Councils. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959. Pp. xiii+501. $6.50. Bernal, J. D. World without War. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1959. Pp. xii+308. $5.00. Brainard, Harry G. Economics in Action. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959. Pp. xvi+441. Brecht, Arnold. Political Theory: The Foundations of Twentieth-Century Political Thought. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1959. Pp. xviii+603. $12.00. Byrnes, Robert F. Bibliography of American Publications on East Central Europe, 1945-1957. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1958. Pp. xxx+213. $2.50. Cairncross, Alec. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. ("Essays in International Finance," No. 33.) Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1959. Pp. 36. Cochran, Bert (ed.). American Labor in Midpassage. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1959. Pp. xi+ 196. $3.50. Converse, Paul D. The Beginning of Marketing Thought in the United States, with Reminiscences of Some of the Pioneer Marketing Scholars. Austin: Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas, 1959. Pp. viii+89. $1.50. Corporate Directorship Practices. ("Studies in Business Policy," No. 90.) New York: National Industrial Conference Board, 1959. Pp. 92. Daedalus (Winter, 1959): Education in the Age of Science. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press. Pp. 205. $1.25. Davis, Thomas Jeff. Cycles and Trends in Textiles. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1958. Pp. iv+63. $0.40. Dore, R. P. Land Reform in Japan. London: Oxford University Press, 1959. Pp. xvii+510. $8.80. Einaudi, Luigi. Miti e paradossi della giustizia tributaria. Rome: Giulio Einaudi Editore, 1959. Pp. xix+311. L. 2,500. Erb, Gottfried, and Rogge, Peter. Preispolitik im teilintegrierten Markt. Tubingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1958. Pp. xii+228. DM. 17. Galenson, Walter (ed.). Labor and Economic Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1959. Pp. xiii+304. Geisert, Harold L. World Population Pressures. Washington: Population Research Project, George Washington University, 1958. Pp. 46. Goodrich, Leland M. The United Nations. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1959. Pp. x+419. Gordon, Robert. Common Stocks and Common Sense. New York: Vantage Press, 1959. Pp. 63. $2.00. Gulati, I. S. Capital Taxation in a Developing Economy (India). Calcutta: Orient Longmans, 1957. Pp. 209. Rs. 12.50. Gupta, H. C. Problems and Processes of Economic Planning in Underdeveloped Economies. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1958. Pp. xii+227. Rs. 5. Gupta, R., and Mathur, R. N. Development and Working of the Indian Constitution. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1958. Pp. ii+504. Rs. 7.50. Hamilton, W. E., and Drummond, W. M. Wheat Surpluses and Their Impact on CanadaUnited States Relations. Washington: National Planning Association, 1959. Pp. xi+52. $1.00. Harper, Donald V. Economic Regulation of the Motor Trucking Industry by the States. ("Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences," Vol. 43.) Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1959. Pp. vii+320. Heineke, Richard. Probleme der industriellen Gemilseverarbeitung. ("Kieler Studien," No. 49.) Kiel: Instituts fur Weltwirtschaft, 1958. Pp. viii + 140. Hendel, Samuel. The Soviet Crucible: Soviet Government in Theory and Practice. Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand, 1959. Pp. xiii+594. $6.75. Hoover, Calvin B. The Economy, Liberty, and the State. New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1959. Pp. 445. $5.00. Houssiaux, Jacques. Le Pouvoir de monopoly. Paris: Sirey, 1958. Pp. iv+416. Jamieson, Stuart. Industrial Relations in Canada. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1957. Pp. ix+ 144. $1.75. Jeanneney, J.-M. et al. Documents 6conomiques, Vol. I: Population, production, prix; Vol. II: Monnaie, revenus, changes internationaux. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959. Pp. x+474+407. Fr. 1,800 and 2,200. Kernodle, R. Wayne (ed.). The Sixth Decade of Our Century. Williamsburg, Va.: College of William and Mary, 1959. Pp. 79. Khare, G. P. Planning in India. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, 1958. Pp. iii+148+iv. Rs. 3.75. Kimmel, Lewis H. Federal Budget and Fiscal Policy, 1789-1958. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1959. Pp. x+337. $5.00.


The PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase, PHLPP, plays a central role in controlling the amplitude of growth factor signaling by directly dephosphorylating and thereby inactivating Akt. The cellular levels of PHLPP1 have recently been shown to be enhanced by its substrate, activated Akt, via modulation of a phosphodegron recognized by the E3 ligase -TrCP1, thus providing a negative feedback loop to tightly control cellular Akt output. Here we show that this feedback loop is lost in aggressive glioblastoma but not less aggressive astrocytoma. Overexpression and pharmacological studies reveal that loss of the feedback loopdoes not result fromadefect in PHLPP1 protein or in the upstream kinases that control its phosphodegron. Rather, the defect arises from altered localization of -TrCP1; in astrocytoma cell lines and in normal brain tissue the E3 ligase is predominantly cytoplasmic, whereas in glioblastomacell lines andpatient-derived tumorneurospheres, the E3 ligase is confined to the nucleus and thus spatially separated from PHLPP1, which is cytoplasmic. Restoring the localization of -TrCP1 to the cytosol of glioblastoma cells rescues the ability of Akt to regulate PHLPP1 stability. Additionally, we show that the degradation of another -TrCP1 substrate, -catenin, is impaired and accumulates in the cytosol of glioblastoma cell lines.Our findings reveal that the cellular localization of -TrCP1 is altered in glioblastoma, resulting in dysregulation of PHLPP1 and other substrates such as -catenin.


In this text I will deal with three worries that were articulated by my three responders in astounding unanimity: firstly, I will defend the nation-based framework of my history of the idea of recognition on basis of the well-established hypothesis that there is path-dependency of later aesthetic or theoretical productions (1); secondly, I hope to be able to demonstrate that the various theories of subjectivity I investigate can in fact all be subsumed under the concept of "recognition" (2); and thirdly, I will try to clarify the motives I had for synthetizing the three different concepts of recognition in one single approach (3). In an extra step at the end of my article I explain why I don't see myself making the mistake to assign philosophy the function of something amounting to a leading discipline in the history of ideas (4).


This research intends to apply the blue ocean strategy in the context of hotel
industry in Yogyakarta. Hotel industry currently experiences the intense competition,
while competitors tend to face the competition by using the similar strategic profile
(value curve) based on their star classification and pricing-policy. As the implication,
the market segment is based on star classification


Arsenic is a severely toxic substance resulting in cancer. Arsenic contamination of groundwater has had a significantly negative influence not only on human health,but also on ecological environment,and it has been a hot issue for abroad and domestic scholars in recent years. This paper summarizes arsenic contamination in groundwater,introduces current status of the research focused on Arsenic in groundwater,meanwhile,it also simply depicts its source. In addition,this article shows several aspects of Arsenic contamination in details,including existence form,impact factors,and points out the instruction for preventive control and remediation of arsenic contamination in groundwater.


The subject of this mini-workshop concerned the analysis and numerical investigations of mathematical models for phase transitions. In particular recent results about the dynamics of liquid-vapor flows and the relevance of traveling wave solutions, properties of kinetic relations associated with phase dynamics and nonclassical shocks, the justification of the vanishing viscosity-capillarity limits, numerical approximation of the kinetic relation associated with finite difference schemes and applications have been discussed. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 35Lxx. Introduction by the Organisers The workshop "Hyperbolic aspects of phase-transition dynamics", organized by Rinaldo M. Colombo (Brescia), Dietmar Kröner (Freiburg) and Philippe G. LeFloch (Paris) was held February 24th – March 1st, 2008. We had 15 participants from five different countries. The atmosphere in the Oberwolfach Research Institute was very stimulating and has initiated many fruitful discussions and exchange of ideas. The participants of the mini-workshop thank the administration of the institute for the possibility for organize this meeting. The Navier-Stokes equations for van der Waals fluids with viscosity and capillarity effects included form a challenging model of partial differential equations describing important physical phenomena. The associated set of first-order conservation laws is of hyperbolic or hyperbolic-elliptic type, and admits propagating discontinuities (shock waves). Understanding the singular limit when the viscosity and capillarity coefficients vanish is particularly challenging and is required 514 Oberwolfach Report 11/2008 to single out physically admissible, discontinuous solutions to the first-order conservation laws. These solutions turn out to contain both compressive shocks and undercompressive shocks which violate standard entropy criteria and must be characterized via the so-called kinetic relations. There were two talks (N. Bedjaoui, P.G. LeFloch) on conservation laws with non-convex flux functions which are supplemented by nonlinear, possibly singular, diffusive and dispersive terms. Such systems of equations arise in the dynamics of complex materials undergoing phase transitions and in the dynamics of van der Waals fluids, viscosity and capillarity effects included. Questions which are related to existence, uniqueness and the properties of the viscosity or dispersion limits were discussed. In particular the kinetic relations associated with phase dynamics and nonclassical shocks have been considered. Closely related was a contribution of W. Dreyer about the derivation of the kinetic relations from global entropy inequalities. Three other talks (D. Diehl, D. Kröner, C. Rohde) were dealing with the NavierStokes-Korteweg model including non-local formulations, the numerical approximation and the special structure of the interface conditions for the pressure fields respectively. In two talks R.M. Colombo and P. Goatin reported on recent results about analytical and numerical techniques for hyperbolic phase transitions/non-classical shocks in models for vehicular or pedestrian traffic. In this model for high speeds (low densities) the flow is free and described by scalar conservation law and for low speeds (high densities) the flow is congested and is described by a 2 × 2 system. A different model for the phase transition in fluids is used by S. Müller. In order to take into account two different fluids he introduced a new function, the fraction of gas. This is controlled by an additional transport equation. Mass transfer across the interface is neglected. Other models have been considered in the talk of F. Coquel. He has examined the links between a model consisting of two distinct partial differential momentum equations and a single momentum equation for the mixture plus an algebraic closure for governing the relative velocity. H. Fan considered in his contribution a nonlinear system with viscosity terms for the specific volume, the velocity of the fluid and the weight portion of vapour in the liquid/vapour mixture. The simplified version of this model with zero viscosity has been considered in the talk of A. Corli. A global existence result for large data has been obtained. S. Benzoni-Gavage gave a report on the stability analysis for planar subsonic phase boundaries and the existence of linear surface waves. M. Shearer considered the surfactants of a free surface which is transported by the local speed of the free surface but also by diffusion of surfactant molecules on the surface. Mini-Workshop: Hyperbolic Aspects of Phase Transition Dynamics 515 Mini-Workshop: Hyperbolic Aspects of Phase Transition Dynamics


Ammonia is present in the aquatic environment due to agriculture run-off and decomposition of biological waste. Ammonia is toxic to all vertebrates causing convulsions, coma and finally death. The focus is on this aspect and thus it was taken up in the present study. The effect of sub lethal concentration, namely 6 ppm of ammonia and 4.7 ppm of ammonia concentrations selected for fingerlings Catla catla and Labeo rohita respectively after evaluation of toxicity tests. The fingerlings were exposed to7days.Some metabolic components, namely ammonia, urea and glutamine estimated in the liver, muscle and brain tissues of Catla catla and Labeo rohita.


ABSTRACT As for other chronic viral diseases, quantification of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) loads may be useful for patient management. We describe a one-step quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay that is reliable and automatable and meets the regulatory authorities' standards for accurate quantification of the major HDV genotypes. It includes an internal control and uses in vitro-transcribed RNAs as standards. Its linearity range is 500 to 1.7 × 1011 copies/ml, its sensitivity is around 150 copies/ml, its repeatability is around 15%, and its reproducibility is below 0.25 log10 copies/ml.


The combination of audio and visual and its use as a pedagogical tool for the conscientious and beneficial music learning in different educational contexts proves relevant from the previous theoretical contribution and subsequent excellent results. These conceptions of a conscious approach to music education are elaborated upon in three different pedagogicalmusical situations: regular lessons in classes of the fifth year of early childhood education 2 in a basic school; Interpretive show in a workshop of cinema appreciation; and private lessons, with piano and violin how the sui generes cases. It is a narrative of experience grounded and analyzed in the light of publications related to the findings. In the development, the history of music in cinema is used and reported as the origin that is, even the most particular description, but always present, an analysis of the composition itself and relevant aspects for each one of the three proposed educational settings. Thus, elements that guide the music composition for film are directed to the musical learning, aware of the real importance of this direction for the desired results. Opening sound reasoning possibilities ahead of a film, makes up the musical learning, given that the music initially born of the soundscape, that is always present; and it is from this inception that the most intricate elements of musical creation expand.


Several hundred bacterial cultures isolated from a variety of natural sites were screened for their ability to desulfurize the model coal organosulfur compounds, dibenzothiophene (DBT) and DBT-sulfone. A sulfur-stress assay, in which DBT-sulfone was the only bioavailable source of sulfur, was used to screen and select for organisms that selectively desulfurized the organic-sulfur substrate. Only two new isolates, UMX9 and UMX3, and strain IGTS-8, a Rhodococcus rhodochrous provided by the Institute for Gas Technology (Chicago, USA.) as a reference culture, would grow on DBT or DBT-sulfone as a sole source of sulfur. Under sulfur-stress conditions, a desulfurized product identified as 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-phenylphenol) was detected only for UMX9 and IGTS-8. Biodesulfurization activity for all three organisms occurred only for growing cultures, and was depressed by free sulfate, although more so for UMX3 and IGTS-8 than for UMX9. None of the three cultures exhibited good growth on DBT, DBT-sulfone, or 2-phenylphenol as sole sources of carbon. Taxonomic studies revealed UMX3 to be similar to IGTS-8, whereas UMX9 only exhibited Rhodococcus-like features. Comparative tests for carbohydrate utilization revealed that only UMX9 would grow on glucose, and that only IGTS-8 would grow on L-arabinose. Assays of biodesulfurization activity as a function of temperature ormore » pH revealed further differences between UMX9 and UMX3/IGTS-8. Under optimized assay conditions for each organism, UMX9 exhibited up to 30% greater biodesulfurization activity than did IGTS-8 and UMX3, which were similar in activity.« less


OBJECT
Cranial bandages are commonly applied over scalp incisions immediately after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery, putatively to prevent complications, particularly infection. These bandages require resources, consume the time of healthcare workers, and incur non-negligible expenses. It is therefore both reasonable and important to examine the efficacy of cranial bandaging.

METHODS
The combined experience of 3 neurosurgeons over 6.75 years with using no cranial bandaging after operations for implantation or revision of CSF shunts is the basis of this report. These data were prospectively accrued and retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS
The infection rate was 4.2% (95% CI 3.1-5.6%) for 1064 operations performed without postoperative cranial bandaging after either shunt insertion or revision surgery through clean or clean-contaminated wounds. The age distribution extended from premature infants through adults 77 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this investigation support the position that bandaging scalp wounds after CSF shunt implantation or revision surgery adds no benefit beyond the easier, simpler, faster, and cheaper practice of using antibiotic ointment as a dressing without bandaging.


The purpose of this research was to describe AIDS memorials on the Web and to explore relationship differences among those who were grieving loved ones who had died with AIDS, through a thematic content analysis of the memorials the bereft posted on the Web. We identified an AIDS Web site that contained 900 memorials; the memorials often were emotionally intense and personal. We independently coded the memorials for characteristics of the authors, the deceased, and the memorials themselves. Slightly more men than women were memorial authors, and although memorials were authored by a wide variety of individuals, the vast majority of authors fell into seven broad categories: partners, spouses, children, parents, siblings, extended family, and friends. In the memorial content, we identified 2l themes; overall, content of the memorials was dissimilar to obituaries. Content of the memorials as described above were treated as dependent measures in a series of analyses, with relationship between the bereaved and the deceased the independent variable. Memorials written by parents were shortest, while those written by partners or spouses were longest. Partners and spouses revealed the highest emotional intensity, while extended family and friends revealed the lowest. Children most strongly expressed the theme of grief while parents expressed this least strongly. All groups expressed love for the deceased; friends most commonly relayed specific stories about the deceased or discussed how the deceased had influenced them. The authors posit that AIDS memorials on the Web give authentic voice to disenfranchised grievers' sense of loss and suffering.


ABSTRACT
 Chaohusaurus is one of the earliest-branching ichthyosauriforms, but its cranial anatomy remains poorly known due to the lack of well-preserved material. Here, three nearly complete and well-preserved skulls of C. chaoxianensis are described, revealing new information on the cranial anatomy of the species. The prefrontal-postfrontal contact is clearly present in C. chaoxianensis, unlike in Cartorhynchus and basal Hupehsuchia. The squamosal and postorbital participate in the margin of the upper temporal fenestra as in most basal ichthyosauriforms. The postorbital region is narrow, with a deep ventral embayment representing an incomplete lower temporal fenestra. Three-dimensional preservation revealed that the posterior cheek region curves and faces almost posteriorly, whereas the orbit is directed slightly dorsally rather than strictly laterally. The cranial morphology of Chaohusaurus confirms the suggestion that the elongation of the nasal and posterior relocation of the external naris preceded snout elongation in ichthyosauriforms.


The utilization of passive treatment systems to mitigate the effects of acid mine drainage and acidic leachate discharge is a recent innovation in the restoration of aquatic ecosystems. During the construction of U.S. Route 48 (presently Interstate Route 68) and the Maryland Route 219 Interchange in Garrett County, Maryland, in approximately 1973, sulfide-bearing rock material was utilized as valley fill and for embankments on the eastern side ofKeysers Ridge. The placement of this material affected the headwater areas of two tributaries to Lake Louise, an impoundment of Puzzley Run. The movement of water through the material induced biological and chemical processes to occur, resulting in acidic leachate discharge to the tributary streams. Degradation of the aquatic ecosystems in the tributaries and Lake Louise was documented in 1975. Watershed studies have since identified aluminum leaching, an artifact of the acidic leachate, as the probable source of impairment. The Maryland State Highway Administration constructed two passive treatment systems in 1996 employing successive alkalinity-producing technology to remediate the effects of the acidic leachate discharge. Concurrent with the construction of the systems was the establishment of effluent limitations for selected chemical parameters and biological toxicity via the NPDES program. Inflow, effluent, and biological monitoring completed to date have provided insight on the effectiveness and performance of these passive treatment systems. The constructed treatment systems have demonstrated effectiveness for the reduction in concentrations of total metal parameters and total acidity and increased concentrations of total alkalinity and pH. Biological toxicity testing on the effluents of both treatment systems employing Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimepha/es pro me/as test organisms has illustrated varying degrees of acute and chronic toxicity since the construction of the treatment systems. Further research into the causative agents of the biological toxicity is ongoing. The biological toxicity data provides new information to the scientific community on the potential effects of successive alkalinity-producing treatment technology on receiving aquatic ecosystems. Additional


The sacred totem is one of the social phenomena that occupied the ideas of researchers, and took up a wide area of their research, and it is one of those phenomena that emerged from one of the translations of the Tabu; Who took a psychological and anthropological analysis Because it is one of the social practices, and the main focus of it is the human group and its source is religion. Therefore, this research came with demands, the first of which is to give a semantic concept of the Tommy sanctuary, and then the analytical aspect by standing on the sacred things in Qur'anic text that God Almighty sanctified, and the third requirement is to examine what people have sanctified, as an analysis of the verses that have been received. In it these sanctities, and a conclusion to the most important findings that were mentioned in the research


Form is the carrier of business data.In order to deal with the form efficiently and display more and more complex business data,JSP form was presented.From data was displayed by JSP tags and handled by script language.Indicated its definition and how to associate with workflow process.Practice proves that it can be customized flexibly and extended arbitrarily.


Local populations of Sulfolobus islandicus diverge genetically with geographical separation, and this has been attributed to restricted transfer of propagules imposed by the unfavorable spatial distribution of acidic geothermal habitat. We tested the generality of genetic divergence with distance in Sulfolobus species by analyzing genomes of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius drawn from three populations separated by more than 8000 km. In sharp contrast to S. islandicus, the geographically diverse S. acidocaldarius genomes proved to be nearly identical. We could not link the difference in genome conservation between the two species to a corresponding difference in genome stability or ecological factors affecting propagule dispersal. The results provide the first evidence that genetic isolation of local populations does not result primarily from properties intrinsic to Sulfolobus and the severe discontinuity of its geothermal habitat, but varies with species, and thus may reflect biotic interactions that act after propagule dispersal. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 1613–1616; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.20; published online 15 March 2012 Subject Category: microbial population and community ecology


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of ethylenethiourea (ETU) on thyroglobulin (TG) secretion and iodide uptake of FRTL-5 cells.

METHODS
FRTL-5 cells were treated with 30, 150 and 270 microg/ml ETU, the cytotoxicity was tested by MTT and 3H-TdR, the synthesis and secretion of TG were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunocytochemical method (ICC), the influence of ETU on tg and nis gene was determined by RT-PCR, and the iodide uptake of FRTL-5 cells was examined by isotopic tracer method.

RESULTS
There is no significant cytotoxicity of ETU on FRTL-5 cells. The concentration of TG in the culture was decreased at 150 microg/ml and 270 microg/ml of ETU, and the concentration of TG and the transcription of tg gene in the cells were not obviously changed. The transcription of nis gene was markedly decreased at all dosages of ETU, but the iodide uptake of FRTL-5 cells was significantly decreased at 150 microg/ml and 270 microg/ml of ETU.

CONCLUSION
The secretion of TG of FRTL-5 cells may be depressed by ETU, and the synthesis of TG could not be markedly changed. The transcription of nis gene could also be influenced by all dosages of ETU, but the iodide uptake of FRTL-5 cells was changed only at high levels of ETU.


The present invention provides the use of strategies to modify the sequence-based analysis and rational and improve immune binding agent, in particular, the structure and biophysical properties of single chain antibodies (scFv) (including properties such as stability, solubility and / or antigen-binding affinity) method. The present invention provides a database identified by amino acid at a position selected stable scFv sequence analysis via substitution of one or more transformation immunobinder, in particular a scFv, wherein preferably the amino acid residue has been substituted for identification. The present invention further provides an immunobinder prepared according to the transformation method of the present invention. The present invention further provides CDR sequences can be inserted therein preferably scFv framework scaffold, and preferably those prepared using scFv framework scaffold antibody.


This study tests the pecking order theory of corporate financing decisions. Focus on manufacture companies that are registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2004-2008, this study shows that the pecking order theory holds for most sample analyzed, particularly for the medium and large sized Indonesian companies.
The basic pecking order models, which predicts external debt financing driven by the internal financial deficit, this research used three variables, that are internal financing, debt and new equity. This analysis based on agency theory and there is asymmetric information about firms prospect between managers and investors.
Finally, this study shows that firm finances their fund-flow deficit with debts and new equities.


To evaluate the roles of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies(TPOAb) and antithyroglobulin antibodies(TgAb) in the development of hypothyroidism after 131I treatment in hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease(GD),data were collected from 160 GD patients who were treated with 131I in the department of nuclear medicine of Tongji Hospital between January 2008 and February 2011.Patients were divided into four groups: group A(TgAb60.00 U/mL,TPOAb60.00 U/mL),group B(TgAb≥60.00 U/mL,TPOAb60.00 U/mL),group C(TgAb60.00 U/mL,TPOAb≥60.00 U/mL),and group D(TgAb≥60.00 U/mL,TPOAb≥60.00 U/mL).Chi-square criterion and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the roles of TPOAb and TgAb in the development of hypothyroidism.The results showed that hypothyroidism was observed in 34.4% of the patients with GD treated with 131I.The incidence of hypothyroidism after 131I treatment was different for each group(P=0.0340.05),with group C and D having significantly higher incidence than group A(P=0.0410.05 and P=0.0050.01,respectively).Logistic regression analysis showed that the TGAb levels(Wald = 4.145,P=0.042 0.05) and the TPOAb levels(Wald = 6.850,P=0.009 0.01) played important roles in the occurrence of hypothyroidism after 131I treatment.In conclusion,because TgAb and TPOAb play important roles in the occurrence of hypothyroidism after 131I therapy,in patients with positive levels of TgAb and TPOAb,lower doses of 131I might prevent hypothyroidism.


Abstract : The U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Consultative Services Division, Radiation Health Consulting Branch completed an x-ray radiation protection survey. This survey was to evaluate the nondestructive inspection unshielded and shielded facilities for compliance with T.O. 33B-l-l, Chapter 6, Radiographic Inspection Method, and compliance with occupational and general public radiation safety standards. This survey showed compliance with the occupational dose limit of 5 rem/yr and general public radiation dose limit of 100 mrem/yr.


Assessment of erosion status of the watershed helps in selecting suitable conservation measures to check erosion and water conservative management practices in the watersheds. Hypsometric analysis with the aid of Geographic Information System (GIS) helps to understanding the geological development of basin and for delineation of erosional proneness of watershed. The hypsometric curve and hypsometric integrals are the important indication factors of watershed condition. Hypsometric analysis is the relationship of horizontal cross-sectional drainage basin area to elevation. The graph of hypsometric curve indicates the geological stage of watershed and erosion susceptibility of basin. The present study has been carried out by using SRTM-Digital Elevation Model (DEM) remotely sensed data and GIS in the Mand sub-basin of Mahanadi River basin. The study area is Mand sub-basin of Mahanadi basin which is the part of Chhattisgarh having area of 5332 km 2 , lies between 21°42'15.525"N to 23°4'19.746"N latitude and 82°50'54.503"E to 83°36'1.295"E longitude. The hypsometric analysis of Mand sub-basin is carried out and value of hypsometric integral (HI) is found 0.5 which indicates the watershed is at Equilibrium or Mature stage.


We found that the reactivity of chromium (III) with complexing agents was accelerated when the oxidation state of chromium (III) was turned to change to (IV) or (V) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Consequentry, we applied the finding to the reaction of chromium (III) and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) to obtain more sensitive and simple method for the determination of chromium (III). A given quantity of chromium (III), 2 ml of 5.00 × 10-3 M PAR, 2 ml of 2 M acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution, and 3 ml of 1 M hydrogen peroxide were pipetted into a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask fitted with a plug. The final volume was brought to 50 ml by the addition of redistilled water. The solution was warmed for 20 min at 40°C in a thermostatically-controlled water bath. After cooling to room temperature, a portion of the solution was then transferred into a cell. The measurements of absorbance were made at 530 nm. The calibration curve was obtained by the above procedure for the concentration range of (0.100.52) μg ml-1 of chromium (III). The molar absorptivity at 530 nm was calculated to be 5.1 × 104 1 mol-1 cm-1. The method is very sensitive and simple.


Clinical chart review of 49 cases with spinal cord injured pain was performed. Retrospective data about the characteristics of patients, the level of injury, the completeness of injury and the etiology was collected. Of pathogenesis of spinal cord injury, degenerative disease was 25 subjects (51%), 12 was traumatic (24%), 4 was vascular (8%) and 4 was neoplastic disease (8%). Thirty two subjects have injured at the cervical level (65%), 13 at the thoracic level (27%) and 4 at the lumbosacral level (8%). At–level neuropathic pain was present in 19 subjects (39%), below–level neuropathic pain was present in 42 subjects (85%). Gabapentin was effective in 24 patients (41%), clonazepam was effective in 17 (30%) and tricyclic antidepressants was effective in 21 patients (38%). We analized relationship between the characteristics of SCI pain and the result of various evaluation; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HAD), Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PDAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ).


Die-embedded (DE) packaging technologies in recent years have ventured into advanced packaging structures, such as fan-out wafer level packages (FOWLPs) or package-on-packages (PoPs). They offer higher density at lower costs, despite many challenges, such as the die-shift and warpage problems often observed during the molding process, caused by the high shrinkage and high coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the molding materials. This in turn makes it difficult to accurately mount the high-density fine-pitch bumps and adversely affects the overall yield, especially in processes using large-size substrates. Glass, known for its superior dimensional and thermal stability and its low or tunable CTEs, can be advantageous in reducing die-shift and warpages as opposed to other alternative material solutions for the molding process. In this paper, we propose a packaging solution based on a glass substrate incorporating a plurality of precisely dimensioned cavities, with a chip positioned in each cavity to prevent them from shifting during processing. Corning® Adaptive Formed Glass (AFG), a laminate glass with a unique clad/core/clad structure, allows for effectively forming cavities with high dimensional precision and positional accuracies as well as surface flatness through a wet etch process. Using a 0.5mm thick laminate Corning® AFG glass, we successfully designed and fabricated three types of DE packages with lab scale tools at Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI): single- and double-sided DE packages, and package-on-packages (POPs). High etching selectivity over 20:1, which was achieved by carefully designing the core and clad glass compositions, enabled a wet-etch cavity forming process with accurate cavity depths and flat bottom surfaces (< ± 2.5μm) with relative ease. A double-sided DE package with a total thickness of 600μm was fabricated with two 125μm-thick IC chips, one embedded on each side of the substrate, and connected by metallized through glass vias (TGVs). A POP measured at 5.1×5.1×1.27 mm3 was also successfully demonstrated by using two built-in double-sided DE packages joined by flip-chip bonding, equivalent to stacking four layers of conventional single-sided DE packages. The double-sided DE packages and POPs presented in this paper are believed to be the world's first demonstration on glass. The work also manifests the immense potential of Corning® AFG glass in enabling higher density IC packaging and large-size panel-level (or wafer-level) packaging.


Plant hydraulic conductance(K) refers to the rate of water flow(kg·s-) per unit pressure drop(MPa),which drives flow through the plant or plant organ systems.It is an important eco-physiology index for measuring root water absorption and transmission capacity.Both internal and external factors could significantly change plant hydraulic conductance.This article summarized main research progress on the effects of environmental factors on plant hydraulic conductance.Environmental factors such as root zone soil moisture,nutrient,salinity,temperature and irrigation modes were analyzed.The paper threw further light on plant hydraulic conductance under different environmental factors.This had an important function in strengthening SPAC water transport theories and defining plant adaptive mechanisms to environmental conditions and high water use potential.


Over fifty years, test anxiety has induced a rich literature that showes the causes, cognitive, emotional and behavioral manifestations and the consequences of this specific-situation personality trait which is frequently encountered among elementary and high school students, as well in undergraduate population. Objective: The objective of the present study was to explore the difference between test anxiety levels among high school girls and boys. Participants: The subjects were 798 high school students (391 girls and 407 boys) attending 9-12 grade courses. Method: The Romanian version of Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI Spielberger, 1980) was used as a measure of students' anxiety proneness to regular tests and semestral evaluations. Results: There were statistically significant differences between Worry, Emotionality and test anxiety total scores of the girls and those of the boys, both for total sample, and subsamples by grade. In total sample, the effect size (d-Cohen coefficient) was medium for Emotionality, and test anxiety total score, respectively small for Worry score. Using a 2×4 MANOVA procedure, no statistically significant interaction between sex and grade was found. Conclusion: The results were consistent with the previous researches that show women tend to report higher levels of test anxiety than men. Gender differences can be explained by differential exposure and learning experiences, as well as posssibility that women are more willing to recognize that they are anxious.


Chronic cough is a debilitating condition resulting in patients coughing hundreds to thousands of times per day [1]. Although chronic cough has been defined in the 2000s as cough lasting for more than 8 weeks in adults and 4 weeks in children [2,3], according to the current European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines, defining a chronic cough on the basis of longevity is an evident arbitrary paradigm [4]. However, despite these definitions, there is no consensus on the real prevalence of chronic cough in the community, although it is estimated that around 12% of the general population may be affected and certainly cough remains one of the most common symptoms for which patients seek medical attention [5]. Chronic cough is an important symptom associated with several respiratory disorders, such as asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), postnasal drip syndrome, upper airway cough syndrome secondary to rhinosinus diseases, and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), along with non-respiratory disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), that should be ruled out or treated according to specific algorithms to assess whether chronic cough is a separate entity or it is related to other comorbidities [5,6]. For example, in certain patient populations, the use of drugs such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension may result in chronic cough as a frequent adverse event [6]. Moreover, but of no less importance, smoking habits can be a major remediable cause of chronic cough, most frequently in patients with COPD [4]. Unfortunately, the current investigations and treatment algorithms of chronic cough are mainly based on expert opinions or consensus, with few data originating from welldesigned randomized clinical trials (RCTs) [4,5]. Being a symptom and not a diagnosis, chronic cough should be considered itself a treatable trait of other disorders that often have not been yet diagnosed [7]. Thus, in the majority of patients from a pharmacological and clinical point of view, the first step to treat chronic cough is to diagnose and treat the underlying disease appropriately.


The languages which adopted Greek words and names directly or indirectly through Latin tend to place the word stress according to Latin rules. While this principle has a number of exceptions even in Italian, it has been established as a norm (lex Perrottae) for doublets, at least in academic circles. In literary translations, by contrast, Greek names often display the Greek stress, not just for metrical reasons but rather as a deliberate choice, aiming at an evocative, commemorative reproduction of the name with its original sound. Examples are found as early as the Roman epic poet Ennius. The dilemma thus transcends mere orthography. In terms of the speech act theory, the – unmarked – Latin stress may be linked to denotative use, and the Greek one to performative, 'ritual' use. The paper argues that for everyday, 'vernacular' usage, the Latin stress is the only sensible and historically established choice, while literary translation requires more freedom.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
In everyday clinical practice, the cardiologist needs to integrate anatomical and functional information from patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to present a way to unify, in three-dimensional images, anatomical information from coronary angiography with physiological information from myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.

METHODS
Three patients with one vessel disease (left anterior descending, right coronary and left circumflex arteries, respectively) scheduled for percutaneous coronary revascularization were selected. Two-dimensional angiographic images were obtained before and after revascularization. 99mTc-tetrofosmin was administered during coronary occlusion and tomographic images corresponding to the occlusion were detected after coronary dilatation. Control rest scintigraphic images were obtained after two days. The three-dimensional coronary tree from coronary angiography was superposed on the epicardial contours of the myocardial perfusion images following a method of our own.

RESULTS
A correct three-dimensional reconstruction of myocardial contour and coronary tree was achieved for each patient. The three-dimensional unified images showed excellent concordance between the extent of perfusion defects and the anatomic distribution of the occluded vessel.

CONCLUSIONS
Three-dimensional unification of myocardial perfusion images and coronary angiography is technically possible. This technology integrates anatomical and functional information to facilitate the cardiologist's decision-making and so improve coronary patient management.


The article provides a quantitative analysis of online language courses located on such online platforms as Coursera, Udemy, Edx and Alison. Communicative and linguistic competencies are necessary characteristics of an active citizen who interacts effectively with the surrounding society. Also, in the conditions when the internationalization processes are increasing knowledge of a foreign language becomes very important. Massive open online courses (MOOC) are considered to be a promising and powerful means of language training. Today, they have combined the possibilities provided by the Internet, the quality content, and the best teaching practices. We have found that MOOC can be used for distance and blended learning, as well as in the process of self-education. When designing online language courses for MOOC you should consider certain criteria and requirements. The topics of the online courses, level of complexity, quality educational content, practical orientation, interactivity, availability of feedback, etc. are of special importance. We found that the analyzed platforms have several identical functional features: multilingual interface, a possibility to choose the language of courses, a possibility to obtain a certificate, the availability of links to related courses, the availability of headings, a possibility to search for courses by keywords. In total, we identified 5,159 online courses for learning 21 languages. The Udemy platform has the largest number of online language courses (4,270 courses). The most popular languages appeared to be English (1,760 courses), Spanish (544 courses), French (451 courses), and Chinese (450 courses). The least popular languages, which are represented by only one online course, are Swedish, Latin, Noongar, and Tibetan. We found that such online platforms as Coursera and Edx provide courses that give users an opportunity to obtain a professional certificate, specialization, or a degree.


Two serious shortcomings in horizontal pendulums used for tilt measurements are nonlinearity in their response to tilt and sensitivities which vary with time. These difficulties may be eliminated if a horizontal pendulum is used as a null indicator. A description is given of a horizontal pendulum apparatus which automatically compensates for ground tilt. The pendulum apparatus is designed so that it may be tilted by varying the pressure in an expansible bearing plate made of stainless steel which is placed at its base. Pressure changes are produced in the bearing plate by varying the height of a column of mercury, a process which can be previously calibrated with great precision. The position of the pendulum beam is sensed by an electro-optical transducer which provides a suitable servo signal to adjust the height of the mercury column when the instrument undergoes tilting. The servo signal can be recorded directly on an ink chart recorder or digitally. First results have been obtained in a test station. It is planned to establish an array of geodynamic stations in Scandinavia incorporating these tiltmeters alongside recording gravity meters in order to study crustal movements by tidal forces, atmospheric pressure effects, ocean loading effects and possibly the process of land uplift in Fennoscandia. I NTRODTUCTION Modern research on variations of the Earth's gravity potential with time and on crustal movements due to tidal forces, ocean loading, atmospheric pressure as well as tectonic forces requires instrumentation of high sensitivity and accuracy. Precise measurements of the variations of crustal tilt against level surfaces of the Earth's gravity potential field have become an important tool for investigating the physical state and processes in the Earth's interior. The design of modern tiltmeters is based on three classical principles, namely the hydrostatic tiltmeter, the vertical pendulum and the horizontal pendulum. The advances in electrical measuring technique make it possible to use these tilt indicators for measurements of extremely small tilt angles. These small tilt angles can be expressed in terms of horizontal acceleration if one considers tilt to be caused by deflexions of the vertical.


Vegetation change can significantly alter evapotranspiration (ET), an important component of the terrestrial water balance, and consequently influences other hydrological processes. With no direct measurement techniques available at large spatial scales, the accurate estimation of ET under changing forest landscapes and climate is challenging. In this study, we used an improved method based on Fuh's equation (a functional form of the Budyko framework) to investigate ET responses to cumulative forest disturbance and climate in the snow‐dominated interior of British Columbia, Canada. First, we divided the study region into three distinct climate groups, and then related the watershed parameter m in Fuh's equation to vegetation change (represented by cumulative equivalent clearcut area (CECA)) and watershed properties, with independent calibration and validation watersheds. The validated relationships were used to examine regional ET variations (∼380,000 km2). Our results showed that ET in moderate climates had the highest sensitivity to CECA, characterized by wetness index between 1 and 2 (the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration). ET in dry climates (wetness index <1) was also significantly related to CECA, but with reduced sensitivity compared to the moderate climates. Wetter climates (wetness index >2) did not show a significant relationship with CECA, suggesting an insensitivity of ET to forest change. Simulations under future climate and vegetation disturbance scenarios demonstrated that ET would be further decreased in most of the study region. Forest management should consider reducing disturbance in the dry to moderate climate areas to mitigate negative impacts on hydrological processes and functions.


The Rocky mountain electrical exposition to be held at Bonneville Park, Salt Lake City, Utah, from October 2 to 14, will be an event of note for this section of the country, which has had no annual electrical shows. It will be held under the auspices of The Rocky Mountain Electrical Cooperative League, with the active support of electrical interests, commercial interests and educational institutions of several states. Numerous lectures, explaining the advantages of electrical appliances and their operation, from a disinterested viewpoint, will be an attraction of the exposition. The exhibits will include practically every application of electricity. A feature of the electric display will be the "Regional" Arch.


For new installations of 500-kV gas insulated switchgear (GIS) at the Pin Hook, TN USA 500-kV Substation and the Maury, TN USA 500-kV Substation, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) chose to install an advanced 6 gas monitoring system (GMS). This paper will discuss specifics of the GMS and how its use simplifies identification of leaking sections, facilitates planned outages for repair or replacement, and ultimately increases the availability and reliability of the equipment.


Results are summarized from a series of studies on the effects of ultraviolet and ionizing radiation on the oxidation of cell lipids. It was shown that both in vitro and in vivo radiation produced oxidation products of lipids that inhibited the activity of certain oxidative enzymes, depolymerized desoxyribonucleoprotein, inhibited the division of marine eggs, and retarded bacterial growth. The presence of antioxidant activity was also demonstrated in tissues. The significant feature of antioxidant compounds with respect to the biological effects of radiation was shown to be the inhibition of the oxidation of lipids. In irradiated animals the antioxidant activity of the intestinal mucosa and the activity of phospholipase decreased. Experiments showed that radiation had not destroyed the enzyme but had inactivated the activator. Results are also summarized from a study on the effects of ionizing radiation on cell growth and protein synthesis in yeast. (C.H.)


Abstract With the reduction in Haemophilus influenzae serotype b invasive infections in vaccinated populations, it is possible that additional serotypes may begin to cause disease. We describe a case of H. influenzae serotype f septic arthritis, meningitis, and bacteremia in a healthy adult and examine the possibility of this strain as an emerging pathogen.


ABSTRACT The results of a modified form of the Philip's two-term equation were linked to the results obtained with Darcy's law in simulating infiltration. The modified form only requires inputs of sorptivity S(0) and conductivity K(6). This linkage was readily achieved through the iterative procedures of FINDIT-P, a program developed by the authors for getting solutions of the generalized one-dimensional infiltration equation. However, to make the Philip and Darcy equations converge to the same cumulative results, another parameter, a, was required. Normally, Philip's equation will overestimate the cumulative inflow requiring the reduction of either S or K. By multiplying the first term (St^^) by a, S and K need not be violated and the correct infiltration values for both short- and long-term simulations can be accurately calculated. Results are given showing values of a that will calculate infiltration correctly under a variety of surface boundary conditions including various pressure heads, different conductivities, and flow directions.


The phylogeographic architecture of the common vole, Microtus arvalis, has been well-studied using mitochondrial DNA and used to test hypotheses relating to glacial refugia. The distribution of the five described cytochrome b (cyt b) lineages in Europe west of Russia has been interpreted as a consequence of postglacial expansion from both southern and central European refugia. A recently proposed competing model suggests that the 'cradle' of the M. arvalis lineages is in western central Europe from where they dispersed in different directions after the Last Glacial Maximum. In the present study, we report a new cyt b lineage of the common vole from the Balkans that is not closely related to any other lineage and whose presence might help resolve these issues of glacial refugia. The Balkan phylogroup occurs along the southern distributional border of M. arvalis in central and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and eastern Serbia. Further north and west in Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia, common voles belong to the previously-described Eastern lineage, whereas both lineages are sympatric in one site in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Balkan phylogroup most reasonably occupied a glacial refugium already known for various Balkan endemic species, in contrast to the recently proposed model. South-east Europe is an absolutely crucial area for understanding the postglacial colonization history of small mammals in Europe and the present study adds to the very few previous detailed phylogeographic studies of this region.


A diffraction optical element disclosed in the present application comprises: a base body (102) formed from a first optical material including a first resin, further comprising a surface (102a) including a first region (105) whereon a diffraction grating (104) is disposed and a second region (106) which is located external to the first region; an optical adjustment layer (103) formed from a second optical material including a second resin, which is disposed upon the base body covering at least a portion of the second region (106) of the base body surface and the first region; and a binder interface part (109) including a binding material being binding for the second optical material, at least a portion of which is located below the optical adjustment layer (103) and is located at least inward from the surface in the base body surface second region (106).


Modern digital biomedical devices need a testing and calibrating equipment to asses its functional state with the appropiate technology, so patient simulators have become an essential tool for maintenance and biomedical engineers. An interactive virtual instrument was developed in Labview for simulation of healthy and pathological conditions to test biomedical devices which acquire, register and store temporal evolution of human physiological variables. In this article we present some details of the design and implementation of a simple pc-based patient simulator using Labview, in order to obtain a low cost solution for teaching and


Entrepreneurs are people who have a slightly different view on how the world works, they have certain characteristic that make them stand out of the crow. This thesis focuses on the link between creativity culture and entrepreneurship


The SE part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc (HVA), including Kos, Yali and Nisyros islands, is geodynamically very active and of high tectonic unrest, where the largest volumes of volcanic products were emitted during the past 160,000 years. The SqueeSAR™ Interferometric technique based on ENVISAT radar data has been applied in Kos to spatially and temporally study the ground deformation for the period 2003-2010. The observed LOS velocity field, with values ranging between -4 to +4 mm/yr, combined with small standard deviation velocity (<;1.4 mm/yr) and acceleration (-0.5 to 1.5 mm/yr2) values reveal an almost linear type of ground deformation. These small velocity values in conjunction with intermediate seismicity occurring only off-shore, indicate ground deformation of aseismic local character. The strongest subsidence is associated with local geothermal areas, as well as rural areas due to intense water pumping. Motions along the main faulting zones have also been clearly identified.


A 55 year old female patient presented for preoperative evaluation for vaginal hysterectomy. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed mitral valve (MV) abnormality, with only one papillary muscle having parachute appearance. Her cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with contrast confirmed the MV abnormality. Since she was hemodynamically stable, she underwent hysterectomy uneventfully.


An exactly soluble three‐level model for a system of fermions with Hamiltonian formed from generators of the group SU(3) is studied. A basis for the representation of which the ground state is a member is constructed. It is demonstrated that in this representation, the generators can each be expanded in a series as functions of a pair of ``kinematical'' boson operators; the series are uniquely determined to satisfy the operator algebra and the invariants of the representation by a method of Marumori. It is seen that the lowest anharmonic approximation to the Hamiltonian and other operators yields excellent numerical agreement with exact results for all regimes of interaction strength considered. An alternative description of the system in terms of a dynamically more meaningful boson, called the ``physical'' boson, is shown to be appropriate for relatively weak coupling where one has a near harmonic spectrum.


Miniature spring roll dielectric elastomer actuators for a novel kinematic-free force feedback concept were manufactured and experimentally characterized. The actuators exhibited a maximum blocking force of 7.2 N and a displacement of 5 mm. The theoretical considerations based on the material's incompressibility were discussed in order to estimate the actuator behavior under blocked-strain activation and free-strain activation. One prototype was built for the demonstration of the proposed force feedback concept.


The invention provides a union yarn of terylene fibers, viscose fibers and bamboo fibers, and a production method thereof. The union yarn comprises the following components by mass percentage: 78-85%of terylene fibers, 5-15% of viscose fibers and 5-15% of bamboo fibers. Since the union yarn of terylene fibers, viscose fibers and bamboo fibers fully combines the favorable properties of terylene fibers, viscose fibers and bamboo fibers, the respective defects are eliminated. The fabrics made of the union yarn have the advantages of high acid resistance, alkaline resistance, strength, heat resistance, elasticity, wrinkling resistance, wear resistance, hydroscopic property, ventilation property and dyeing property and can resist bacteria, prevent bacteria and resist ultraviolet radiation.


Some physical properties of an anisotropic two-dimensional Ising system are discussed by the use of the new type of correlated effective-field theory. It is shown that the correlated effective-field parameters exhibit some interesting behaviors as a function of temperature and exchange interactions.


OBJECTIVE To identify metabolic derangements contributing to diabetes susceptibility in the leptin receptor–deficient obese C57BLKS/J-db/db (BKS-db) mouse strain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Young BKS-db mice were used to identify metabolic pathways contributing to the development of diabetes. Using the diabetes-resistant B6-db strain as a comparison, in vivo and in vitro approaches were applied to identify metabolic and molecular differences between the two strains. RESULTS Despite higher plasma insulin levels, BKS-db mice exhibit lower lipogenic gene expression, rate of lipogenesis, hepatic triglyceride and glycogen content, and impaired insulin suppression of gluconeogenic genes. Hepatic insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 expression and insulin-stimulated Akt-phosphorylation are decreased in BKS-db primary hepatocytes. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies indicate that in contrast to hepatic insulin resistance, skeletal muscle is more insulin sensitive in BKS-db than in B6-db mice. We also demonstrate that elevated plasma triglyceride levels in BKS-db mice are associated with reduced triglyceride clearance due to lower lipase activities. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the presence of metabolic derangements in BKS-db before the onset of β-cell failure and identifies early hepatic insulin resistance as a component of the BKS-db phenotype. We propose that defects in hepatic insulin signaling contribute to the development of diabetes in the BKS-db mouse strain.


: Freshwater resources in coastal areas are under intense pressure from excessive groundwater extraction, which amplifies saltwater intrusion (SWI) into coastal freshwater aquifers, such as in the Mekong Delta. Studies that combine socioenvironmental data and households ' psychological factors next to salinity measurement data to design groundwater conservation strategies are rare. In this study, these aspects are combined to explore their influence on the public willingness to conserve groundwater using a Bayesian belief network model. We analyzed 313 household survey data spread over three districts in the coastal province of Tra Vinh, located in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The level of salinity is significantly correlated with the willingness to conserve groundwater. The top three socioenvironmental characteristics that influence willingness are the level of salinity, type of employment — i.e., being a farmer — and frequency of being exposed to groundwater or SWI promotional activities. Social norm, i.e., perceived social pressure, is the most influential psychological factor that determines will-ingness. This study reveals an urgency for the local government to intervene and create social pressure regarding the issue. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001516. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.


A new method for latitude determination for the fixed base is presented. The method is based on strapdown inertial technol-ogy. The Inertial Measurement Unit is used for latitude determination. The IMU is composed of accelerometers, gyroscopes and a signal processing circuit. It is shown that permanent base declination has no influence on the latitude determination. Experiments have demonstrated that using this method, the latitude can be received. The IMU experiments were conducted with ring laser gyroscopes and pendulum accelerometers. An error model of latitude determination method is developed. It is discussed that error of the latitude determination depends on errors of gyroscopes and accelerometers.


Introduction: The shoulder joint is the most important joint although most commonly dislocated joint in human body. The most common problem of shoulder joint replacements is the osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, rotator cuff tear arthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis) and comminuted fractures of the shoulder joint. The aim of the current study was to acquire morphometric data for the acromion process variations in shape and various dimensions of the acromion process of the scapula. Material and Method: Total 152 subjects' scapula according to their side which was equally divided into 76 right and 76 left. The morphometric analysis of the acromion process of scapulae was recorded according as per Bigliani-Morrison et al. classification and dimensions were measured by using vernier callipers. Observation and Results: It is observed that the mean length of acromion on either side does not differ significantly, while the mean width of acromion and its mean thickness if found to differ statistically significantly on both sides. The acromio-coracoid distance shows no significant difference on either side. Discussion: There are many studies i.e. by the Singroha R et al (north India), Gosavi et al (Maharashtra), Singh et al (Rajasthan), Mansur et al (Nepalese), Paraskevas et al (Greek) revealed that the mean of the scapular length, width, thickness and coraco-acromial distance in centimeter found almost the same in correspondingly with our study. Conclusion: To conclude acromion process knowledge are useful for orthopaedic surgeon during surgery of shoulder joint with associated pathology of the rotator cuff.


This paper presents an outline of Case theory of Japanese within the general framework of the minimalist programme. Japanese seems to defy any structural Case analysis. Under some crucial assumptions, including the no-directionality-parameter hypothesis and the independent categorial status of innectional endings of Japanese verbal morphology, an inherent Case theory of Japanese emerges, where categories are not associated with a speciic Case, but rather they provide positions for general Case checking and other feature checking.


Objective:  To investigate how the mechanism of adipocyte–prostate cancer cell interaction affects the proliferation and differentiation of prostate cancer cells.


Asynchronous pipelining is a form of parallelism which may be used in distributed memory systems. An asynchronous pipeline schedule is a generalization of a noniterative DAG schedule. Accurate estimation of the execution time of a pipeline schedule is needed to determine if pipelining is appropriate for a loop, and to compare alternative schedules. Pipeline execution of n iterations of a loop requires time at most a + bn, for some constants a and b. The coeecient b is the iteration interval of the pipeline schedule, and is the primary measure of the performance of a schedule. The startup time a is a secondary performance measure. We generalize previous work on determining if a pipeline schedule will deadlock, and generalize Reiter's well-known formula (1) for determining the iteration interval b of a deadlock-free schedule, to account for nonzero communication times (easy) and the assignment of multiple tasks to processors (nontrivial). Two key components of our generalization are the use of pipeline scheduling edges, and the notion of negative data dependence distances (in a single unnested loop). We also discuss implementation of an asynchronous pipeline schedule at runtime; show how to eeciently simulate pipeline execution on a sequential processor; derive bounds on the startup time a; and discuss evaluation of the iteration interval formula, including development of a new algorithm.


We present a static analysis technique for modeling and approximating the long-run resource usage of programs. The approach is based on a quantitative semantic framework where programs are represented as linear operators over dioids. We show how to extract the long-run cost of a program from the matrix representation of its semantics. An essential contribution is to provide abstraction techniques which make it feasible to compute safe over-approximations of this cost. A theorem is proved stating that such abstractions yield correct approximations of the program's long-run cost. The theoretical developments are illustrated on a concrete example taken from the analysis of the cache behaviour of a simple bytecode language.


This thesis reports on the results of a research study conducted by the Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, over the summer of 2001. The study assessed the relevance of an emerging valuation approach known as real options to small technology-based firms. The approach addresses evaluation of investment decisions under uncertainty by viewing a firm's ability to respond to changing conditions as a bundle of options that can be exercised at the right time and under the right conditions. Interviews were conducted with the representatives of the six participating firms, who found the concept of real options appealing. Systematically scanning different functional areas for possible sources of uncertainty can help identify viable option scenarios in a firm. The functional areas include operations, procurement, R&D, IP management, distribution, sales, after-sales, finance, strategic planning, marketing, and IT infrastructure. Such a methodology can help to reveal opportunities that may otherwise be overlooked or remain implicit. The scenarios discovered in the firms under study involved staged investments, partnerships with lead customers, patents, arrangements for securing manufacturing capacity, flexible pricing strategies, make or buy decisions, design of a product to allow outsourcing, right to buy out licensed IP, IT infrastructure initiatives, and flexible core technology. Rudimentary quantitative analyses of selected option scenarios confirmed their potential value. Some classical option scenarios reported in the literature were rejected. For example, exit strategies were not deemed viable real options by start-up firms. The real options terminology can be used to communicate the firm's strategy to the stakeholders. This approach can provide firms with a competitive advantage, especially in highly volatile climates.


Two dimensional electrons in weakly disordered high Landau levels are considered. The current-field response in the presence of a strong microwave field, is computed. The disordered Floquet evolution operator allows us to treat the short range disorder perturbatively, at any strength of electric fields. A simplifying Random Matrix Approximation reproduces the broadened Landau levels density of states and structure factor. We derive the magnitude of the Microwave Induced Resistivity Oscillations. The disorder short wavelength cut-off determines the non-linear electric fields of the Zero Resistance State and the Hall Induced Resistivity Oscillations. We discuss wider implications of our results on experiments and other theories.


The thermoelectric properties of materials with compositions NaPb 18-x Sn x MTe 20 (M=Sb, Bi, x=0, 3, 5, 9, 13, 16 and 18) were investigated in the temperature range 300-670K. All compositions exhibited p-type behavior over the measured temperature range. Electronic properties and transport were tuned through the manipulation of the Pb/Sn ratio. Increasing the Sn fraction results in an increase in electrical conductivity and a decrease in thermopower. The compositions NaPb 13 Sn 5 SbTe 20 and NaPb 9 Sn 9 SbTe 20 show a lattice thermal conductivity of ∼1 W/m/K at room temperature.


Rural communities in Cameroon have high levels of poverty, poor living conditions and lagging sustainable development. Lack of economic, social and physical infrastructure opportunities make these communities unsustainable and impact the quality of life for residents. Existing conditions render these areas unattractive for visitors and external and local investors. Initiatives to reduce poverty and improve living standards have had limited impact to reducing poverty or improving quality of life. The recent signing of Cameroon's decentralization law, giving authority for planning and investments to local council governments now provides an opportunity to rethink existing strategies. Using Batibo, a representative community in the north western region of Cameroon, this paper examines the status of development initiatives and identifies new priorities for planning and steps to improve economic status. Guided by the Theory of Ecological Design and Five Pillars of Economic Development, and using a circular city approach, this paper outlines a concept for town planning and architectural flagship projects that can project the image, culture and heritage of the community and strategies for improving markets. With decentralized governance and re-envisioned priorities, Batibo has an opportunity to become a prototype for sustainable development and model of a quality future in rural Cameroon.


We report a photoreflectance study conducted in the 0.7–1.2 eV photon energy range and at temperatures from 80 to 300 K of GaSb/Al0.4Ga0.6Sb single quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We observed clear and well-resolved structures, which could be attributed to the interband optical transitions originating in both the GaSb buffer and the quantum wells, and which could be fitted by standard critical-point line shapes. Our results demonstrate that even unintentionally doped GaSb-based quantum systems can be studied and characterized by photoreflectance, especially at low temperatures.


DURING the early phase of investigations on the production of underwater sound by fishes, Griffin (1950) stated: "The discovery that a wide variety of underwater sounds are produced by fish and other marine animals has raised many unsolved problems concerning the biological significance of these sounds. Are they purely accidental by-products of other activities, are they used for communication from one animal to another, or do they serve in any way for orientation?" This, of course, does not exclude the possibility that more than one function can be served by a given sound under different circumstances. As one of the primary steps in the study of these problems, Fish and other workers (1952, 1954) began to


ABSTRACT The special issue of the Journal of Multicultural Discourses on discourses of war and peace, 70 years after the end of World War II, is introduced by discussing war culture as resilient but also unstable and subject to transformation. The special issue features six papers, each a distinct discursive intervention on topics that range from the mythic narrative of US insecurity to strategies of rhetorical bypassing, British colonial nostalgia, marginalized veterans of the Malvinas war, US military veterans waging peace, and characterizations of peace in Israeli children's periodicals. Together these six papers reveal the artificiality of naturalized discourses of war.


Researches investigating the decay rates of non-leafy components in tropical mangroves are scarce worldwide, especially in Malaysia. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the decay rates of Rhizophora apiculata and Xylocarpus granatum non-leafy components along with leaves in Sibuti mangrove, Sarawak, Malaysia during dry and wet months. The litterbag method and Olson exponential model were applied to determine the decay rates. For leaves, the decomposition pattern of both the species was found to be similar to those reported in the literature, while the rate of decomposition for non-leafy components were rather different. The initial weight loss of all the components was rapid up to 90 days and then gradually became slow until at the end of the experiments, especially for non-leafy components. Except leaves degradation in dry months for both the R. apiculata and X. granatum, the higher microbial degradation rate was found for stipule, flower, propagule and twig litters in wet months. The slow decay rates of maximum litter components for both the species were positively related with higher content of lignin, suggesting the profound influence of lignin on the rate of litter decomposition processes. Decay constants of almost all the litter components for both the species were found to be varying among the components, and within the species. However, except the decomposition of flower for R. apiculata and leaf for X. granatum, the other litter components of both the species did not vary significantly between dry and wet months. The half-life (T50%) and 95% lifespan (T95%) of non-leafy components of both the species like flower, propagule, stipule and twig were remarkably high compared to the leaves. This suggests that the non-leafy components play significant roles in nutrient cycling processes at later stages in the mangrove ecosystems, especially when the leaf litters are either being decomposed rapidly and/or washed away via tidal flush and river runoff.


As the operational domain of autonomous vehicles expands, encountering occlusions during navigation becomes unavoidable. Most of the existing research on occlusion-aware motion planning focuses only on the longitudinal motion of the ego vehicle and neglects its lateral motion, resulting in output motion that can be overly conservative. This paper proposes a motion planner capable of actively adjusting the ego vehicle's lateral position to minimize occlusions. The proposed planner is applicable in various scenarios and can function under perception uncertainty. This work also extends our previously proposed 3D visibility estimation approach for addressing occlusions caused by objects which are not present in HD maps. The proposed planner first generates candidate trajectories. The current and future visibility of each trajectory is then estimated using live LiDAR data and HD maps. These estimated visibilities are converted into visibility costs, which are then used to determine the optimal output trajectory in conjunction with other planning costs. The proposed planner is tested in three scenarios using the CARLA simulator: an occluded T-junction crossing, turning at a low-visibility corner and preparing to pass a parked vehicle, using live localization and object detection results. The experimental results reveal that the proposed planner allows the ego vehicle to minimize occlusions by diverging from the center of the lane and, consequently, to discover occluded vehicles earlier than a baseline planner in most situations. Moreover, occlusions caused by a parked vehicle not present in the HD maps were estimated correctly using our extended visibility estimation method.


A. J. Ellis's encyclopaedic work On Early English Pronunciation (henceforth EEP) now receives remarkably little serious attention from linguists. This has not always been the case. As long ago as 1877 Sweet hailed EEP as a 'great work' which 'inaugurated the scientific historical study of English pronunciation.' (viii) Other commentators admittedly have not been so complimentary. Wright, discussing the transcription of dialects in Part V of EEP, was prompted to write that 'If his rendering … of other dialect speakers is as inaccurate as that of the Windhill dialect, the value of these tests for phonetic and philological purposes is not very great.' (1892: 174) Orton (1949) found the work 'defective and unreliable'. Dieth (1946) was equally critical.


Sometimes you find yourself working with someone with whom you just don't get along. Maybe their personality is grating, or their political views are different from yours. Maybe they are a font of useless knowledge. Whatever the reason, you constantly conflict. Still, you need to figure out how to work together. Evaluate. How you choose to deal with a difficult person depends on many factors, including how much you need them, how long the project will go on, and how significant the impact on your professional life will be. When you first realize there is a problem, take a long, objective look and determine the source. Is this a change in the other person's behavior that may reverse itself, or have they always been this way and are they unlikely to change? Do they not know what they are doing, or do they just not care? Work with them. Find


Interactivity is a form in which the human being expands the self . Traditional causality contains a logic of previsible reactions; another type of causality takes place in virtual space. Digital art-works made for the Net have only a variable essence . A proposal promotes an answer and increases the meaning.Time in development is a key contributor to the process of interactivity in digital art-works, articulated with a non-forcible space. Hubert Reeves found out that the increase of interactions implies an enlargement of creativity in the universe. This is an argument to support interactivity in the digitalised creative intervention.


The aim of the paper is to highlight the potential of the involvement of children and kids in planning activities by understanding and giving voice to their distinctive language, in order to construct a non authoritarian concept of smart contemporary citizenship.


A BSTRACT Background We have previously demonstrated an association between elevated total plasma homocysteine levels and restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty. We designed this study to evaluate the effect of lowering plasma homocysteine levels on restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Methods A combination of folic acid (1 mg), vitamin B 12 (400 μg), and pyridoxine (10 mg) — referred to as folate treatment — or placebo was administered to 205 patients (mean [±SD] age, 61±11 years) for six months after successful coronary angioplasty in a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. The primary end point was restenosis within six months as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. The secondary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events. Results Base-line characteristics and initial angiographic results after coronary angioplasty were similar in the two study groups. Folate treatment significantly lowered plasma homocysteine levels from 11.1±4.3 to 7.2±2.4 μmol per liter (P<0.001). At follow-up, the minimal luminal diameter was significantly larger in the group assigned to folate treatment (1.72±0.76 vs. 1.45±0.88 mm, P=0.02), and the degree of stenosis was less severe (39.9±20.3 percent vs. 48.2±28.3 percent, P=0.01). The rate of restenosis was significantly lower in patients assigned to folate treatment (19.6 percent vs. 37.6 percent, P=0.01), as was the need for revascularization of the target lesion (10.8 percent vs. 22.3 percent, P=0.047). Conclusions Treatment with a combination of folic acid, vitamin B 12 , and pyridoxine significantly reduces homocysteine levels and decreases the rate of restenosis and the need for revascularization of the target lesion after coronary angioplasty. This inexpensive treatment, which has minimal side effects, should be considered as adjunctive therapy for patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. (N Engl J Med 2001;345: 1593-600.)


This study aims to look at the effect of competence and achievement motivation on the performance of primary school teachers with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The sample in this study amounted to 143 elementary school teachers, samples were taken using stratified random sampling. The researcher used path analysis as data analysis technique. This study found that (1) Teachers' competence  and achievement motivation influence simultaneously and partially on job satisfaction (2) Teacher' competence, achievement motivation and job satisfaction simultaneously affect teachers' performance, but the competence do not directly and significantly affect the performance of primary school teachers. But the competence affects teachers' performance indirectly through job satisfaction.


Objective To understand the epidemiological features of hand,foot and mouth disease in Shaoguan city from 2008 to 2011 and to provide evidence for measures of control.Methods Using clinical diagnosis,epidemiological investigation and laboratory test according to the technical guidance from Ministry of Health.Descriptive method was used to analyze data of HFMD cases.RT-PCR was ran to test cases' biological samples.Results There were 14 076 HFMD cases reported in the city from 2008 to 2011.The epidemic season was from April to June,when 63.34% cases occurred.93.11% of cases were male whose age is under 5 years old.The ratio between male and female is 1.89∶1.EV71 and other enteroviruses are dominant pathogens causing HFMD.Most death cases were resulted from EV71.Cluster cases mainly appeared in kindergartens with a proportion of 77.46%.Conclusion HFMD is an important issue in public health,which is harming young children severely in Shaoguan city.The key measures for prevention and control include improving hygiene of environment and individual health habits.


For the first biography of this man of letters, diplomat, and scholar, the author had unrestricted access to O'Brien's personal papers. After rising to international prominence during the Belgian Congo crisis, O'Brien wrote To Katanga and Back (1962), a classic in modern African history. He then became Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana and waged a battle for academic freedom against one of the most amiable of tyrants, Kwame Nkrumah. "A very fine biography, full of wit, verve, candor, and a critical appreciation of its subject."—Kirkus Reviews. $35.00


In recent years, the development of Industry 4.0 has led to the introduction of wearable technologies in manufacturing processes. The effects of these new and smart technologies on processes and working people are examined. In this context, both physical and cognitive load formation on people should be controlled. In this study, the effect of the augmented reality (AR) glasses on the cognitive load of the operators in an automotive company was examined. Cognitive load was measured with electroencephalography (EEG). The experiments were carried out with four (two female, two male) healthy and volunteer participants. The cases where the augmented reality glasses were used and not used were compared. The difference between these cases was also examined on a gender basis. Thus, it was observed whether the use of wearable technology has a different effect on men and women.


Local Pareto optimal solutions may exist in multi-modal multi-objective optimization problems. Traditional multi-objective evolutionary algorithms usually try to escape from local Pareto optima. However, these solutions may be good enough for the decision makers and are additional options if Pareto optimal solutions are infeasible. In this paper, we modify our previous double-niched evolutionary algorithm (DNEA) to search for local Pareto optimal solutions. The new version is termed as DNEA-L. We apply DNEA-L to 3- and 4-objective polygon-based problems with local Pareto optima. The experimental results show that DNEA-L is efficient to find a large number of local Pareto optimal solutions with good diversity.


evade the issue of extending responsible government to the Central Government of British India. As Dr Keith says : " It is too obvious on the British side that the scheme is favoured in order to combat any dangerous elements of democracy con tributed by British India, while on the side of the rulers, it is patent that their essential pre-occupation is with the effort to secure immunity from pressure in regard to the improvement of their States. Particularly unsatisfactory is the effort made to obtain a definition of paramountcy which would acknowledge the right of the ruler to misgovern his State, assured of British support to put down any resistance to his regime."


Several traditional dehumidification methods and their problems were introduced.The principle of liquid dehumidification and advantages were expounded.The application of liquid dehumidification in building environment and facility field were discussed.Puts forward some problems and its development direction in liquid dehumidification.It was pointed out that this technology will have wide prospect.


The spectrum of gravitational waves that have been produced in innation is modiied during cosmological transitions. Large drops in the number of relativistic particles, like in the QCD transition or at the e + e ?-annihilation, lead to steps in the energy spectrum of gravitational waves.


At the present time in Russia and abroad some experience in the application of gas-thermal coatings (GTC) have been accumulated to improve the metallurgical industry [1, 2]. The chair of Technology and Equipment of Tube Production (TOTP) of the National Research Technological University "Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys" (NITU "MISIS") investigated the effectiveness of GTC in hot rolling. Considered method of applying GTC using electric arc metallization is the most simple and efficient [3]. The authors have studied possibility of using aluminum to enhance GTC for hot-rolled steel, copper and titanium pieces: reduction of metal loss with the fumes, dross and trimmings, reduction of heat loss peal. Following results were obtained.


This article argues that Hannah Arendt's controversial essay "Reflections on Little Rock," when situated within her analysis of Jewish assimilation, has an astute insight: racial integration and the decrease of the racial gaps in material inequality, without taking seriously the political project of building a world in common, only intensify racism in racist polities. This occurs because attempts to extend formal equality to the racially dominated give rise to the rule of racial common sense, a result of a clash between the political structures of equality and the racial inequality practiced in quotidian interracial exchanges occurring in civil society. Though Arendt's work on racism echoes criticisms of racial integration leveled by racial realist and pessimistic accounts of the Civil Rights struggle, her work points to a more expansive practice of "the political" that calls for the institutional (re)design of formal politics as an important strategy against racism.


The mechanism of trans-sorption was shown to be based on mobile adsorption of various substances at specific and unspecific sites localised in spatially organised systems integrated within premembrane structures. Some specifics and possible physiological significance of trans-sorption are discussed using mathematical models of nutrients transfer across autonomous premembrane layer in the small intestine.


Transmigration program is normally used to improve the welfare and reduce poverty of transmigrants which consist of both Local and Non Local Transmigrants. The objectives of this study are 1) to measure the poverty level of local farmers households and transmigrant farmers households based on their household income, 2) to measure the poverty levels of transmigrant farmers households based on their region of origin and 3) to analyze the ownership of agricultural assets of local farmers households and transmigrants from origin source household income. Survey method on poor farmer households, local transmigrants and original transmigrants was used. The research location was located on Gorontalo Regency. The sampling technique was used by multiple random sampling of 120 respondents consisting of 60 local households and transmigrants who received social assistance from the government.


Endodontic treatments are considered a last resort to maintain teeth in the mouth; however the loads to which they are submitted, can generally cause fractures or irreversibly injuries to them, hence in daily practice is chosen the placement of intracanal posts. This study aims through a virtual analysis using finite element software, to evaluate the distribution of forces that occurs in a lower premolar unirradicular tooth when subjected to different conditions: healthy and intact tooth, endodontic, endodontic in which was placed a fiberglass cylindrical pole and finally received endodontic conical pole using the same material, being considered these simulations or virtual teeth, all subject to a constant force or load simulating conditions in mouth, such conditions were reproduced virtually in the computer program. The results were interpreted considering the color tone that the program issues and represent the concentration of forces in specific locations and distribution. Noting that in natural teeth there is a better distribution of forces compared to the virtual endodontically tooth, where the forces are concentrated at the cervical level, comparing the influence of the bolt format fiberglass placed no significant difference could be detected between the two types, considering bolt assembly centers of force but the taper bolt allowed a more uniform distribution of forces on virtual schedule used. The finite element data allow to play with the conditions to which generally vital teeth are subject, however some susceptibility of interpretation is not alien to the process, although the purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of a endodontic premolar
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tooth against the stress distribution, the results allowed to observe a distribution generally located at the cervical level that could explain certain accidents like fracture type that usually occur in teeth undergoing root canal treatment.
KEYWORDS: stress distribution, endodontic tooth, prefabricated post fiberglass and finite


H EALTH care is in an extraordinary period of change-advancing medical and communication technologies, the rapidly increasing supply of physicians, the decrease of solo fee-for-service practice, a shift from public to private sources of capital, the movement away from cost-based reimbursement systems, and so on. There can be little doubt that "the new entrepreneurialism," as the planners of this conference have labelled it, is one of the most important of the changes that are taking place. But, before I talk about the several trends that make up the new entrepreneurialism, I want to call attention to two other aspects of our current health care environment that will shape the effects of the entrepreneurial trends in health care. First is the movement to a price competitive health care market, as thirdparty payers (including government) and employers seek to strike the best deal. The "best deal" in this context means not subsidizing patients who are seen as someone else's responsibility. Until now, health care policies in this country have supported some important functions-such as care for indigent patients, some teaching functions, and some expensive tertiary care services-through surplus funds generated in the provision of other services or in services provided to well-insured patients. In a price competitive system, institutions that keep prices high enough to cross-subsidize the functions on which they lose money will find themselves at a serious disadvantage. It is becoming increasingly apparent that, whatever its advantages may be, the broad trend away from hidden cross-subsidization is creating health policy problems of considerable urgency, particularly in regard to patients who are unable to pay for their care. The second factor to highlight is the changing nature of professionalism. Not only has there been a remarkable growth in salaried employment of


In this work, we develop BlockPAT, a blockchain-enabled management system for the tokenization of second-hand physical assets, e.g., laptops. With this system, the information gap between buyers and sellers in the second-hand market will be eliminated, and with the help of a price oracle, the liquidity of the second-hand market can be greatly improved. Furthermore, our system is built upon the latest ZK-rollups solution; thus, the overall transaction cost and time delay will be limited to an affordable value.


Recent research points to the importance of subnational elections as variables shaping the national party system in federal states (Jones 1997b; Mainwaring and Shugart 1997; Samuels 2000). I propose that the effects of subnational elections are not limited to federal states but instead can be seen throughout the region. This paper examines the impacts of gubernatorial elections across eighteen Latin American countries during the most recent democratic period. The analysis suggests that intermediate subnational elections do exert an influence on national party systems, whether the state is federal or not, and particularly influence how many parties are elected to a legislature's lower house.


Basit Ali glanced at his watch. It was 3 p.m. on 17 March 2014, and only two hours were left before he would meet with CEO Amjad Raheem about production capacity analysis. Due to the excellent prod...


In Bangladesh, biodiversity loss is a national issue, which connects with the high biological productivity of parks, wildlife sanctuaries, wetlands, homestead forests and marine biota. National Parks Information (NPI) are the state hubs of biodiversity conservation systems. Everyone exploits this biodiversity but none can effectively conserve due to lack of methodically policies and tools. This study attempts to augment knowledgeable factors of the policies towards growth of national parks for conserving biodiversity in Bangladesh. It also represents on the analysis and review of the current distribution of national parks, policy tools and legal aspect to enhance conservation activities within and around the areas. The research data collected through literature reviews, observations, interviews, and stakeholder's participation. The study illustrated that existing NPs are disseminated among 27.13% of administrative district areas, but no NPs in 72.87% districts in Bangladesh which will have adverse effect on future biodiversity conservations. The study focused that the growth of NPI which highlighted within the period of 2010 to 2014. The research also found that Lawachara National Park is in good conditions compared to other NPs in Sylhet division. Moreover, the study recommends that the policy-making decisions on sustainable biodiversity protection at NPs in Bangladesh should integrate the national growth with economic, social, 4 institutional, environmental and legislative domains. It concludes by highlighting conceptual changes for integrative biodiversity research at national parks.


The production forecasting about CBM multilateral wells is of guiding significance in many sides such as optimized blocks,economic evaluation and drainage management and so on.Based on dropping pressure char-acteristics about multilateral wells from the multi-branch and the end of the branch in inclining seam in different drilling ways,avoiding complicatedly moving process of CBM from the matrix and cranny,combined with Darcy laws,some models such as dropping of pressure model,desorption radius model and production forecasting model about multi-branch and the end of the branch in two drilling ways along the declining and ascending seams were established.Results showed the preferable applied prospect.