In this issue of Pediatric Anesthesia, Drs. Green and Mason question the practicality of current sedation guidelines pointing out the ongoing controversy regarding who should provide sedation and what skills are necessary (1). They are concerned that 'patient responsiveness-based' guidelines are too subjective. We agree that measuring depth of sedation remains an imperfect science at best and that better codification of risks and matching these with the skills of the sedation provider can and should occur. Green and Mason offer new thoughts on how improvement in the safety and availability of quality sedation services may be realized in the future. They should be congratulated for their original thinking; however, we have fundamental disagreements with their approach. Therefore, we will first review the development of the current 'sedation depth'-based guideline and then examine the Green and Mason proposal. The first sedation guideline was introduced by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). This guideline was developed prior to the use of pulse oximetry or capnography outside the operating room (2). There was a need to establish a systematic approach to provide safe sedation at a time when the tools that we now consider routine were not available. The guidelines were a product of the consensus of experts from multiple specialties who were involved with sedation practice. The definitions for so-called conscious sedation and deep sedation were based on patient responses: 'conscious sedation' implied a purposeful response to verbal command or a painful stimulus, whereas 'deep sedation' implied no response and/or a purposeless response to a painful stimulus. Recommendations for monitoring and oversight were based on the estimation of the depth of sedation. Safety was (by necessity) assured by relying upon the vigilance and diagnostic skills of the practitioners providing sedation. In fact, the same line of safety-related thinking that had improved outcomes in anesthesiology by orders of magnitude was applied to those providing procedural sedation (regardless of their specialty) through the widespread adoption of sedation guidelines. The success of this strategy is found in the current level of sedation performance. Indeed, following the most recent AAP guideline (3), several relatively large studies involving over 100 000 pediatric sedation encounters have documented a remarkable safety record for pediatric sedation delivered by a variety of specialty providers when appropriate patient selection is matched to the skills of the practitioner (4,5). Outcomes may be quite different if systematic care is not provided (6,7). Over the past 25 years, there has been an amazing explosion of very expensive diagnostic technology and with it increasing demands to provide sedation and patient immobility (and at times breath holding) to allow successful completion of the procedure. Often, the sedated patients are in dark, poorly accessible, remote locations. The demand for high-quality sedation services comes from many sources including hospital administrators, insurance companies, and medical specialists; failed sedations are no longer acceptable as this increases costs and frustrates parents. To optimize the utilization of expensive diagnostic equipment and reduce the 'pay-off' time, throughput and efficiency are major driving forces for procedure-oriented departments. Potent sedatives such as propofol offer decreased 'sedation failures' compared with longer-acting, less-potent, alternatives. In addition, given the often limited space for presedation assessment and postprocedural recovery, short-acting drugs with rapid onset and offset are preferred over medications with slow-onset and long 'hangover' times. However, in inexperienced hands, rapid-onset medications have the potential to introduce a sedation 'roller coaster'. Undersedation with coughing and undesirable movements may be followed within seconds by oversedation, respiratory depression, airway obstruction, or hemodynamic instability. The use of rapid acting drugs requires comprehensive pharmacologic knowledge, constant vigilance, and the appropriate skill sets to immediately respond to unexpected events, i.e., the ability to rescue the patient. Just as the technology has evolved, so have the AAP sedation guidelines. In the years following the first guideline, it was clear to the hundreds of individuals (from many pediatric specialties) who helped in their development that it made no sense to determine responsiveness to verbal command or tactile stimulation every 5 min to ascertain their sedation level. Therefore, the most recent AAP guideline stated that any child under age 6 must be assumed to be deeply sedated. The sophistication of the monitoring and the skills of the sedation provider must match this level of sedation (3); all providers must have advanced airway management skills so as to be able to rescue the child from an adverse event. The routine use of capnography was 'encouraged', but not mandated because the


This paper presents a new fault tolerance control unit model in a cell-based architecture. This model is 2 layers and 2 dimensions array architecture that each layer can be independently repaired. In the approach considered a cell to be control layer and functional layer that control unit in the control layer can be used to detect and repair faults in other control units in their layer. Therefore, this process is transparent to the functional layer that still working during repair phase. Each layer also uses to support repair and detect faults between layers. This paper shows how the model can be used to repair cover a control units fault and a functional unit fault. The reliability analysis shows the improving fault-tolerance of this model.


Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have gained a lot of attention from both academic and industry due to its immense potential in revolutionizing the vehicular communication industry. VANETs facilitate vehicles to share safety and non-safety information through messages. Safety information includes road accidents, natural hazards, road blocks etc. Non-safety information includes tolling information, traveler information etc. The main goal behind sharing this information is to reduce road accidents by alerting the driver about the unexpected hazards. In our algorithm social networks are used to create an active topology from all possible users in sender's profile, who are active at a particular point of time. Message authentication achieved by providing profile of user and Quick Response Code (QR code) technique. The novelty in our approach lies in the fact that, we assume no hand held device is used. This proposed architecture is used from the car dashboard. Simulation results are presented and compared with P2P systems.


AUTHOR Roos, Marie C.; And Others TITLE The Effect of an Introductory Reading Course on PreServicE Teachers' Theoretical Orientation to the Teaching of Reading. PUB DATE 29 Apr 93 NOTE 20p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Reading Association (38th, San Antonio, TX, April 26-30, 1993). PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) Reports Research /Technical (143) Tests/Evaluation Instruments (160)


Graph states are an elegant and powerful quantum resource for measurement based quantum computation (MBQC). They are also used for many quantum protocols (error correction, secret sharing, etc.). The main focus of this paper is to provide a structural characterization of the graph states that can be used for quantum information processing. The existence of a gflow (generalized flow) is known to be a requirement for open graphs (graph, input set and output set) to perform uniformly and strongly deterministic computations. We weaken the gflow conditions to define two new more general types of MBQC: uniform equiprobability and constant probability. These classes can be useful from a cryptographic and information point of view because even though we can not do a deterministic computation in general we can preserve the information and transfer it perfectly from the inputs to the outputs. We derive simple graph characterizations for these classes and prove that the deterministic and uniform equiprobability classes collapse when the cardinalities of inputs and outputs are the same. We also prove the reversibility of gflow in that case. The new graphical characterizations allow us to go from open graphs to graphs in general and to consider this question: given a graph with no inputs or outputs fixed, which vertices can be chosen as input and output for quantum information processing? We present a characterization of the sets of possible inputs and ouputs for the equiprobability class, which is also valid for deterministic computations with inputs and ouputs of the same cardinality.


The invention discloses a method for protecting and controlling the system of a hybrid vehicle, comprising a high voltage battery overcharge protection control module, a high voltage battery over discharge protection control module, an overheated electricity protection control module and a motor overspeed work torque protection control module. The invention is characterized in that when any of the four modules confirms that one or a plurality of motor or generator work interrupt request signal, high voltage battery work interrupt request singal and DC-DC work interrupt request signal should be activated, the corresponding work interrupt request signal is to be activated. The method for proctecting and controlling the system of a hybrid vehicle has the advantages of controlling a pluralityof interrupt request signals according to high voltage battery charge condition SOC, battery SOC work area equilibrium point, generator condition, the largest charge power recommanded by a battery controller, battery temperature, motor temperature, and inverter temperature, and accordingly realizing the proctecing functions of the overcharge, over discharge and overheating of the battery and the motor overspeed torque.


The majority of forest types regarding the forest in the Taiwan's low altitude areas is gradually replaced by secondary forest, due to the impact of frequent human activities. Since these secondary forests are not well-managed and not being taken seriously, it gradually led to the situations such as standing forest aging or forest health declining. The research area of this study was the low altitude secondary forest 1 ha permanent survey sampling district in the Daren forestry center of the southeastern Taiwan. The study performed the standing forest decay survey. The sampling targets are the area's main dominant trees of the secondary forest, including Gordonia axillaris, Schima superba , Cyclobalanopsis repandifolia, Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma, Cyclobalanopsis longinu, Castanopsis fabri and Castanopsis cuspidata. There are 217 trees in total. After felling the sampling trees, tree trunk disc obtainment started from the felled point, at the 0.3m of the tree trunk. The tree trunk discs are cut with the intervals of every 1 m, then used for the decay calculation and analysis. The results showed that in 217 sampling trees, there were 51 trees showed sign of decay. It was 23% of all sampling trees. In the trees with the sign of decay, Cyclobalanopsis longinu, Castanopsis fabri and Cyclobalanopsis repandifolia are the highest percentage of the tree types with the sign of decay. In addition, the decay of most of the standing trees decaying samples started from the heartwood. The scenario of decaying from the wounds on the surfaces was infrequent. Thus, we could conclude that the main factor causing the standing trees decaying in that region was the fungi infection from the soil. From the results, we learned that the degradation of the standing forest of the secondary forest in that region is gradually starting, and it centralized on the dominant tree species composed of Fagaceae etc. -224郭嘉和、譚耀聰、陳朝圳:臺灣東南部低海拔次生林之活立木腐朽現況 Therefore, in management perspective, we suggest removing the decayed trees via improvement cuttings. Update the standing forest to improve the ecological and economic benefits of the secondary forest. Keyword:Secondary lowland forests, Standing tree, Decay, Fagaceae, Heartwood [1] 國立屏東科技大學生物資源研究所 Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science Technology. Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. [2] 國立屏東科技大學森林系 Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. * Corresponding Author. E-mail:email@example.com Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 64(4): 223-232 (2017) -225-


This study was a single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. The researchers evaluated a powered brush/irrigating device (HydraBrush Oral Health SystemTM; OHS) for its safety and ability to deliver a solution to the bottom of 5-6 mm pockets, compared to rinsing alone with a solution following brushing with a powered toothbrush (Sonicare EliteTM 7800; SE). An evaluation technique to measure the quantity and quality of solution able to enter the pocket was also introduced in this project.


We present mg-glam, a code developed for the very fast production of full N-body cosmological simulations in modified gravity (MG) models. We describe the implementation, numerical tests and first results of a large suite of cosmological simulations for two broad classes of MG models with derivative coupling terms — the Vainshtein- and Kmouflage-type models — which respectively features the Vainshtein and Kmouflage screening mechanism. Derived from the parallel particle-mesh code glam, mg-glam incorporates an efficient multigrid relaxation technique to solve the characteristic nonlinear partial differential equations of these models. For Kmouflage, we have proposed a new algorithm for the relaxation solver, and run the first simulations of the model to understand its cosmological behaviour. In a companion paper, we describe versions of this code developed for conformally-coupled MG models, including several variants of f(R) gravity, the symmetron model and coupled quintessence. Altogether, mg-glam has so far implemented the prototypes for most MG models of interest, and is broad and versatile. The code is highly optimised, with a tremendous (over two orders of magnitude) speedup when comparing its running time with earlier N-body codes, while still giving accurate predictions of the matter power spectrum and dark matter halo abundance. mg-glam is ideal for the generation of large numbers of MG simulations that can be used in the construction of mock galaxy catalogues and accurate emulators for ongoing and future galaxy surveys.


Here, we leverage a machine learning technique as an efficient alternative approach to traditional optimization techniques to significantly reduce the computation cost of the forward design problem in the optimization process of optical devices.


A multi-state reliability analysis model suffering from a dependent competing failure process is developed in this study, where the soft failure is described by general nonlinearity random effect. Wiener degradation process with measurement error and the hard failure is caused by random shock. Considering that the shock process not only may cause abrupt damage but also can accelerate degradation, there are some correlations between soft failure and hard failure. Based on the proposed new model, the multi-state functions are obtained under the cumulative shock model and the extreme shock model, and the system state probabilities are given under the different degradation state points. The fatigue cracks growth data example and MEMS oscillator example are given to demonstrate the proposed new model. At last, some sensitivity analyses are given to illustrate the influence of parameters on the state probability and the system reliability.


The compressor fuel cost minimization problem (FCMP) for natural gas pipelines is a relevant problem because of the substantial energy consumption of compressor stations transporting the large global demand for natural gas. The common method for modeling the FCMP is to assume key modeling parameters such as the friction factor, compressibility factor, isentropic exponent, and compressor efficiency to be constants, and their nonlinear relationships to the system operating conditions are ignored. Previous work has avoided the complexity associated with the nonlinear relationships inherent in the FCMP to avoid unreasonably long solution times for practical transportation systems. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) based method is introduced to generate piecewise-linear functions that approximate the previously ignored nonlinear relationships. The MILP determines the optimal break-points and orientation of the linear segments so that approximation error is minimized. A novel FCMP model that includes the piecewise-linear approximations is applied in a case study on three simple gas networks. The case study shows that the novel FCMP model captures the nonlinear relationships with a high degree of accuracy and only marginally increases solution time compared to the common simplified FCMP model. The common simplified model is found to produce solutions with high error and infeasibility when applied on a rigorous simulation.


Agrotourism has allowed countries to strengthen the existing activities of their peoples, taking advantage of and enjoying the environment, natural, cultural and socio-productive values that allow the interaction of the tourist with the community. Ecuador is a country known for its mega diversity both culturally and in its flora and fauna because of this the protection of these elements has been consolidated since they are the essential representation of the country. In recent years, Ecuador has been improving its infrastructure and offer of tourist services; to meet the travel expectations of tourists who currently prefer to perform activities that allow them to have a closeness with local communities and nature. Consequently, to meet the needs of tourism demand has resorted to the development of new products such as routes in places where you can experience the agrotourism, allowing you to know different places and traditions of each area visited with the enjoyment of displacement. Every meter and every stop. To the East is the Province of Zamora Chinchipe that contains the canton Yantzaza which is a pioneer in agricultural and livestock activities throughout the province, as well as possess natural, cultural, scenic, flora and fauna resources that are taken advantage of tourism. In the cantonal canton of Yantzaza is the same Pita neighborhood that has the largest production of sugar cane resulting in the production of panela and other derivatives of this plant. What makes this neighborhood special is the amount of milling that is found around the perimeter and agricultural and livestock activities that are practiced in them. This is how an opportunity for economic development was determined in the Barrio Pita, considering one of the capos of tourism directly related to agriculture, becoming known as agrotourism, integrating the farms with attractions of the cantonal head and for this it is convenient to develop the
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research work , for the realization of the same one general objective was raised: "To design a proposal of an Agrotourism route in the Pita District, of the Canton Yantzaza, Province of Zamora Chinchipe". For the fulfillment of the general objective, three specific objectives were considered: the first objective To carry out the Tourist Diagnosis of the cantonal canton of Yantzaza, province of Zamora Chinchipe "; for the development of the objective it was used: analytical, synthetic and inductive method; also the techniques of direct observation and interview; tourist diagnostic manual of Carla Ricaurte communities, bibliographic sources, hierarchical index cards of the tourism ministry, SWOT matrix and strategies from which the current situation of the cantonal capital was known. In the second objective: Propose a model of Agrotourism Route in the Pita neighborhood of the canton Yantzaza province of Zamora Chinchipe; In order to comply with the objective, the deductive method was used, as well as fieldwork that allowed to know the attractions and activities that have been included in the proposal. Subsequently, marketing strategies were established in order to identify and promote the tourist product. In addition, the design of the pictograms and signs was carried out through the signage manual of the Ministry of Tourism. The third objective is to "Socialize the Design of the Agrotourism Route to the stakeholders involved in the Pita neighborhood of the canton of Yantzaza province of Zamora Chinchipe"; for the fulfillment of the last objective the method of rapid analysis and participatory planning (MARPP) was used, which comprises three phases: First phase, consisted in sending personal communications and invitations to the authorities and actors involved; Second phase, the development of socialization was carried out in the presence of the actors involved through audiovisual material; Third phase: the questions, suggestions and recommendations were opened by the attendees.
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As a result, the cantonal capital of Yantzaza to which the Pita neighborhood belongs have an offer of services, infrastructure, natural resources and cultural manifestation suitable for the realization of the Agrotourism route, which will contribute to the tourist strengthening of the Canton especially in the agricultural area, waiting for a local economic development. It is recommended that the authorities of the Cantonal Gad, together with the Tourism Unit, consider the Agrotourism route as a means of economic development based on the agricultural activities of the Pita neighborhood farms in order to stimulate this activity.


The planar Goubau line is a single-conductor waveguide with a low attenuation constant at terahertz frequencies compared with other planar waveguides. However, its single-conductor nature complicates the design of circuit elements compared to multiconductor waveguides, especially when impedance transformation is needed, like in the case of power dividers. In this article, we present a power divider for a planar Goubau line based on capacitive-gap coupled lines, providing a matched input port. A 900-GHz equal power divider was fabricated on a suspended silicon membrane and was characterized with a vector network analyzer and terahertz probes between 0.5 and 1.1 THz. Simulations and measurements are in good agreement, the measured input return loss is lower than 15 dB at the design frequency, and the average coupler loss is estimated to be lower than 1 dB when de-embedding the feeding lines.


This paper presents work in progress to explore the possibility of combining model-driven and domain modeling techniques to facilitate support for reuse and automation. The approach is based on the fact that the models specifying the system at different levels of realization can belong to different application domains. Therefore, to facilitated the implementation of transformations between models, mappings are created between the domain concepts present in each model. We exemplify with the implementation of an IPv6 router on a protocol processing platform.


Need an excellent e-book? fundamentals of the human mosaic a thematic approach to cultural geography by , the very best one! Wan na get it? Find this exceptional electronic book by below currently. Download or read online is available. Why we are the best website for downloading this fundamentals of the human mosaic a thematic approach to cultural geography Of course, you could select guide in numerous documents kinds and also media. Try to find ppt, txt, pdf, word, rar, zip, as well as kindle? Why not? Get them right here, currently!


Mancur Olson's model of economic growth has attracted great attention as a theoretical account of how interest groups influence the rate of economic growth over time. Moreover, the model appears to have received strong empirical support in Olson's tests employing U.S. state data. However, the specification of the Olson construct in these tests is insufficiently attentive to the complex causal chain implicit in Olson's argument, inadequately accounts for precisely how interest groups matter, and employs a static research design that obfuscates the cause-and-effect relationships posited by the model. We review these issues and develop a more complete specification of the Olson model. The respecified model is then tested using U.S. state data for the period of the late 1970s and early 1980s using new measures of interest-group influence.


The chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs for gastric cancer has entered a platform. With the progress of molecular biology, the diagnosis and therapy for gastric cancer is at molecular level. Many clinical and basic studies have explored the molecular targets for gastric cancer, such as the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 1, mammalian target of rapamycin, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and so on. To date, trastuzumab (the HER2 monoclonal antibodies) and ramucirumab (the VEGFR2 monoclonal antibodies) are effective targeted drugs for advanced gastric cancer, which is confirmed by Phase III clinical study. More drugs against these targets are on the way.


Abstract Cognitive technologies and artificial intelligence dynamize the development of the modern world in various spheres. Modern man is not always aware of how often he uses this type of technology, both in everyday life and at work. The conducted literature research has shown a growing interest in the discussed issues. The diagnostic survey allowed the assessment of the level of familiarity with the terms "cognitive technologies" and "artificial intelligence" in the perception of students, doctoral students and employees of a selected university. The auditorium survey technique was used for the research. The research shows that the distance between humans and an intelligent robot is decreasing. A man is inclined to let intelligent robots enter even the most intimate spheres of his life. The article contributes to filling the gap in knowledge about the perception and application of intelligent technologies and the readiness to use them. Furthermore, it sets out further directions for research on this phenomenon.


The invention discloses a video encoding method and relates to the field of encoding. The video encoding method is invented for solving the problem that large storage space is occupied for video storage in the prior art and transmission efficiency is low during direct video transmission. According to the technical scheme, the video encoding method comprises the steps that S10, a video encoding indication input by a user is received; S20, a target encoding mode is selected from a preset encoding library according to the video encoding indication; S30, adopting the target encoding mode to conduct encoding on videos corresponding to the video encoding indication to obtain encoded videos. The video encoding method can be applied to the fields of video conferences, video electronic commerce, online government administration, online shopping, online schools, remote telemedicine, chat online, video consulting and the like.


Understanding the travel behaviour of road users is important in the development of transportation plans. In Ghana, most studies focus on mode choice modelling with truly little studies on trip generation. This paper examines the influence of household and individual characteristics together with other explanatory variables on trip generation using data from the 2012 Ghana Transport Indicator Database Survey which was conducted by the Ghana Statistical Service. Linear regression models were used to model the number of trips by car, bicycle, motorcycle, foot, taxi and bus for all working adults. The results from the study show that gender, age, education level and residential location all show a significant impact on the number of trips generated for the different trip modes.  From the results, the cultural background of a worker also significantly affect bicycle trips a worker make. Also, adult household is that reside in the city center make fewer trips by car than similar adults that live outside the city center. The number of trips generated by an adult worker can also be used to explain the perception variables estimate. The model results can also be used to make trip generation prediction in developing transportation plans for Ghana


It might be considered presumptuous of me to talk about setting up a terminology data bank using a minicomputer as I have not done so! When I was appointed as Terminologist to the World Bank just over two years ago, one of the functions was described as setting up an automated terminology data bank. Two years later, though much nearer the goal, we still have all our terminological records stored in the traditional record card box and new entries are laboriously typed by my secretary.


Objective
To explore the relation between personality and depression in elderly, particularly to investigate mediating effect of positive psychological resource.

Methods
The eysenck personality questionaire-revised short scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC), self-rating depression scale(SDS) and scales for positive psychological resource were performed by 270 elderly in community of Tianjin. Then correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis were accomplished to explore association between those variables.

Results
Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality correlate positively with depression (r=0.45, 0.48)and contribute about 30% variance of it(F=49.95). Positive psychological resource such as optimism, resilience and self-efficacy correlated negatively with depression (r=-0.41, -0.39, -0.20)and contributed 19% variance of it(F=30.02). The results of path analysis showed positive psychological resource mediated the relation between personality and depression also.

Conclusion
Neuroticism and Psychoticism are important risk factors of depression in elderly. Positive psychological resource such as optimism, resilience and self-efficacy are key protecting factors for depression and they mediate the relation between vulnerable personality and depression.

Key words:
Elderly; Personality; Positive psychological resource; Depression


Mining of Data is the extraction of hidden prognosticative information from large databases or set of data, is a strong new technology with great prospective to help companies focus on the most important information in their data base. Query optimization is a purpose of many relational database management systems. The query optimizer experiments to dictate the most efficient way to implement a given query by examining the possible query plans. There are different techniques is given for optimizing query using schema based and materialized views in data base namelyQuery Graph, Tableaus, Optimization of Queries having Aggregates. In this paper we are using Different query optimization parameter and create an effective approach by using this approach we are reduce query execution cost, query space and more effectible for the query. The complexity of Queries severely increase the execution cost of the queries and have a critical effect on performance and productivity of decision support systems. It is required to perform expensive join and aggregation operations frequently on the databases. Now if they are not pre calculated in advanced then it leads to reduce query performance. Schema object improve query performance by pre calculating expensive join and aggregation operations on the database prior to execution and storing the results in the database. Schema object define not only relationships, but also allow you to recompute expensive joins and aggregations which lead to optimized query performance in possible ways. Schema object leads to the decrease Query processing cost and Query Maintenance cost in terms of Time factor. Schema object improve query performance by pre calculating expensive join and aggregation operations on the database prior to execution and storing the results in the database. The big advantage of a Schema object based views is extremely fast retrieval of aggregate data, since it is precomputed and stored, at the expense of insert/update/delete so that it increase query performance than the ordinary view and table. Schema object based view is also called Materialized view.


The drum music of "12 rules" of Buyi Bronze drum has been handed down by Buyi people from generation to generation.It has a comprehensive drum notes, drum tunes,and folk songs and a variety of ways of drum-striking,it became a particular system of music belonging to Buyi culture of bronze drum and greatly enriched Buyi music culture of bronze drum.


This paper consists of three factors, namely: Good Governance, Business Climate and Corruption. How they affect the development product of Albania, not only as a concept, and a principle but mostly as a sensitive aspect in the integration process. There are some interpretations of this concept, but I intend to analyze the key factors and actors, their cooperation and concrete production in society. Improving governance is necessary to have an integrated long term strategy based upon a continuous cooperation between institutions and citizens. But in developing countries like Albania there are some important questions such as: How can we measure the improvement of Good Governance through policies? Has Good Governance indicated an effective way for the sustainable development? (Meisel, 2008, 6). These question give us the orientation to reflect about the process of development, social economic political behavior and how this multidimensional is transformed in product of good governance. The business cycle is strongly connected with many aspects of political-, social-, juridical aspects and good governance. Despite attempts to draft law regulations, the level of corruption and informality in Albania continues to be a major obstacle. The credibility level in the implementation of law is an indicator that affects democratization and institutional integration. At present, different reports of international institutions, define Albania as the country with the highest level of Corruption in the Balkans, which is a key factor influencing business. The ways with which the institutional power is implemented is becoming a kind of concept of good governance.


PURPOSE: A chuck table for semiconductor sawing apparatus is provided to modify a shape of an absorbing table according to a shape of a processing target by installing a modification unit at a chuck table. CONSTITUTION: A table base(110) includes a vacuum pressure distribution hole(111) having an open top side and a vacuum pressure supply hole(112) connected to the vacuum pressure distribution hole. A support table(120) is loaded on the table base. An absorbing hole(131) is connected to the vacuum pressure distribution hole. An absorbing table(130) is inserted into the support table. A modification unit is installed at a chuck table in order to modify a shape of the absorbing table according to a shape of a processing target and fix the processing target to the absorbing table.


The article discusses the meaning of a structured settlement that is available for injured plaintiffs. It is available by choice of the plaintiff and provides a payment that takes care of all relevant expenses as may be required.


Due to the large variety of video type collections, it becomes difficult to achieve good text detection and recognition accuracy. We propose a new fuzzy-mass based method for classifying (categorizing) text frames from different types of video. For each frame of a video type, we formulate Fuzzy logic to identify straight and curved edge components from edge images. We then estimate mass locally and globally by drawing consecutive ellipses over edge images with respect to straight and curved edge components. Further, we extract features based on spatial proximity between centroid of classified straight/curved edge components and that of the whole image. This results local features. Next, the features are extracted for the whole image without ellipse drawing, which results in global features. The combination of both local and global features is then fed to an SVM classifier for video type classification. Experimental results on the proposed and existing classification methods show that the proposed classification outperforms the stat of art methods. Furthermore, experiments on before and after classification with several text detection and binarization methods show that the proposed classification is significant in improving text detection and recognition performance.


Clinical rules are created to predict "good" or "poor" prognosis (lung transplantation or death) in cystic fibrosis (CF). The recent CF-ABLE Score (McCarthy C. et al Chest 2013; 143:1358) is a new simple rule with 4 commonly measured components. Our aim was to validate externally the CF-ABLE Score performance in follow-up (cohort) data from the UK CF Registry. This was a prospective study using retrospectively collected anonymised CF patients9 data (2007-2012). The CF-ABLE-UK score at registration was computed as sum [0-7] of FEV1% [0-3.5], exacerbations [0-1.5] and age*BMI [0-2]. The only exception from the original CF-ABLE rule was a modification for exacerbations as calculated here upon the number of days the patient required intravenous antibiotics. Means (SDs) in 3915 patients with complete data were: age 27.9 (8.9) years; FEV1% predicted 67.9 (24.8); BMI 22.3 (8.8); exacerbation days 18.1 (28.8). "Poor"/"good" outcome ratio was 9/91%. The CF-ABLE-UK score showed very good discrimination (AUC ROC 0.80 95%CI 0.79–0.83); as calibration, the score under-predicted the "poor" outcome in all risk strata similarly to the results from registry-based Irish validation data. The CF-ABLE Score delivered very good results in new, external data. Our preliminary findings suggest that the modified CF-ABLE-UK Score can be widely applied to other patients and settings and, particularly, in UK.


My chief purpose in this paper is to direct attention towards a problem which has received little attention from philosophers, but which I think has a greater claim to importance than any other problem that would naturally arise from a consideration of robots and cybernetic machines: both because it seems of greater intrinsic philosophical interest, and because it represents more nearly than any other problem the kind of worry that afflicts ordinary people. This problem may be roughly formulated in the question 'What can men do that machines can't ?'


Herpes simplex infection is a common illness seen by all clinicians in primary care, and herpes simplex lymphadenitis is a rare presentation of this virus. Because of the association between herpes simplex virus (HSV) lymphadenitis and hematologic malignancy, physicians should become familiar with this manifestation of HSV infection. We present 2 cases of herpes simplex lymphadenitis in young and apparently immunocompetent men and review the collection of reported cases and known pathology. Twenty-seven cases of HSV lymphadenitis from the literature and our 2 cases were analyzed for risk factors for associated malignancy. In our review, 52% of the patients with lymphadenitis had cancer or other forms of immunosuppression. Furthermore, no single patient factor increased the likelihood of cancer. With more than half of the patients with herpes simplex lymphadenitis carrying a diagnosis of cancer, the link between HSV lymphadenitis and malignancy seems substantial. Each patient with the disease requires a thorough workup for cancer.


This paper presents our work on extending artificial neural networks use for real-time task scheduling to heterogeneous System-on-Chip architectures. The classical neural network modelizations need a high number of neurons and a lot of re-initialisations to ensure the convergence. To define efficient implementation of scheduling service for SoC architecture, we propose to include inhibitor neurons in the network. These neurons ensure rapid convergence and limit the number of needed neurons to modelized the scheduling problem, these two points are important to limit the hardware cost.


Control abstraction is the process by which programmers deene new control constructs, specifying a statement ordering separately from an implementation of that ordering. We argue that control abstraction can and should play a central role in parallel programming. Control abstraction can be used to build new control constructs for the expression of parallelism. A control construct can have several implementations, representing the varying degrees of parallelism to be exploited on different architectures. Control abstraction also reduces the need for explicit synchronization, since it admits a precise speciication of control ow. Using several examples , we illustrate these beneets of control abstraction. We also show that we can eeciently implement a parallel programming language based on control abstraction. We conclude that the enormous beneets and reasonable costs of control abstraction argue for its inclusion in explicitly parallel programming languages. Sequential programming languages use sequencing, repetition, and selection to deene a total ordering of statement executions in a program. Parallel programming languages use additional control ow constructs, such as fork, cobegin, or parallel for loops, to introduce a partial order on statement executions, which admits a parallel implementation. Since parallelism is primarily an issue of control ow, the control constructs provided by the language can either help or hinder attempts to express and exploit parallelism. Control constructs typically deene an ordering on statement execution without regard to a speciic implementation of that ordering. The speciication of a control construct at language-deenition time is an example of control abstraction. More generally, control abstraction is the process by which programmers specify a statement ordering (parameterized with respect to the statements being ordered) separately from an implementation of that ordering. A control construct is the result of that process. Control abstraction has been used in sequential programming languages such as CLU 11] to deene control constructs that iterate over the elements of an abstract data type. Few parallel programming languages support control abstraction however, since the beneets of using control abstraction for parallel programming are not generally recognized. These beneets include: New control constructs: With control abstraction , programmers can build new constructs for parallel programming without changing the language deenition or implementation. Alternative implementations: Control constructs can have several diierent implementations, each exploiting a diierent degree of parallelism. Programmers may choose among these implementations to tune the application to a given architecture. Precise speciication of parallelism: Programmers can build application-speciic control constructs that admit …


Abstract Employing traditional event study methodology we examine the market reaction to layoff announcements of firms listed on the German stock market. We contribute to the international literature in this field with two major results. First, unlike anecdotal and similar to international evidence we report a negative and significant abnormal rate of return of −0.37 percent on the announcement day. Further, we find that the reason for the layoff announcement plays a decisive role in the revaluation process. On the one hand, stocks of firms that announce layoffs as a reaction to declining market conditions are associated with a more intense negative market response. On the other hand, even stocks of firms that intend to enhance their profitability by means of layoffs do not show a significant positive reaction.


In this article, we mainly consider the problem of the vanishing of connecting maps in K-theory. We obtain some conditions under which the connecting map vanishes. Moreover, we give some applications of our results to the field of C*-algebras.


The invention relates to a method and a system that allows an operator (12) TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND ACCESS TO IDENTIFY QUICKLY SAFELY TO THE ACCOUNTS OF SUBSCRIBERS OF A TELEPHONE NETWORK. The method comprises the following steps: the telecommunications operator (12) offers EACH OF THE SUBSCRIBERS (11) a smart card (10), WITH FORMAT CREDIT CARD PERSONALIZED FOR IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC TO EACH SUBSCRIBER AND EACH Smartcard, the card (10), WITH FORMAT CREDIT CARD, ISSUED IN BRIEF SIGNALS aCOUSTIC IDENTIFICATION OF DTMF TYPE, encrypted at least partially WHICH vARY EACH oPERATION WHEN ACCIONA (14) by the subscriber ( 11) SIGNAL aCOUSTIC IDENTIFICATION ARE RECEIVED BY THE MICROPHONE (17) APPLIANCE TELEPHONE (16) and are converted into electrical signals, BEFORE BEING TRANSMITTED communication network (15) to the IT department (18) OPERATOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS (12); The transmitted signals are processed and decrypted (24) ELECTRONICALLY BY COMPUTER SERVICE (18) telecommunications operator (12) AND ON DATA AFTER TREATMENT ARE COMPARED (25) WITH IDENTIFICATION DATA SUBSCRIBER AND CARD SUBSCRIBER COMPUTER SERVICE IN pOSSESSION (18) of the telecommunications operator.


Volutaria tubuliflora (Asteraceae-Carduae) is described as a new alien plant species in Chilean vascular flora. The species has the widest range of natural geographical distribution of the genus being present from southern Europe to Arabic peninsula, inclusive Macaronesia. In Chile it has been naturalized in the Desert ecoregion, and it growths in the Atacama Region (III). Plants were found at Panamericana highway border, and apparently still have not invaded outside. In this paper we provide morphological and ecological information for this species.


This article aims to reintegrate the colonial history of Canada as part of the grids of analysis for understanding the evolution of its Federal cultural policy. Building on the notion of settler colonialism and its implication for Indigenous population (For the purposes of this paper, the term 'Indigenous' is used in place of, perhaps, more popular or familiar terms – such as 'Aboriginal' or 'Native' – in order to remain consistent with current Indigenous politics. In particular, some Indigenous scholars are reluctant to accept the label Aboriginal because they feel it is consistent with the colonial order imposed by the Canadian government [Alfred and Corntassel 2005, p. 599]). The term Indigenous also alludes to a global political awareness and to forms of alterity between different populations from North America, South America, Asia, and the Pacific. in Canada, this paper documents different transformations in cultural policy and illustrates some of its paradoxes and challenges. Building on principles developed by Indigenous scholars, this article highlights some of the components for decolonizing cultural policy in Canada. It is argued that a post-colonial cultural policy must build on the grounds of ethics (and ethos).


Abnormal amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in the brain has been defined as the earliest pathological change of Alzheimer disease (AD). We combined immunoprecipitation (IP) with MALDI‐TOF MS to develop IP‐MALDI‐MS, which is an analytical technique for plasma Aβ. This technique has previously revealed that APP669‐711/Aβ1‐42 ratio, Aβ1‐40/Aβ1‐42 ratio, and a combination of these two biomarkers (a composite biomarker) in human plasma correlates highly with SUVR obtained from amyloid PET (Nakamura et al., Nature, 2018). In this work, we validated a concordance between plasma Aβ biomarkers by IP‐MALDI‐MS and visual amyloid PET status with an independent dataset from the previous report.


Summary Of the hundreds of reefs known from outcrops of the Sverdrup Basin, only a handful can be shown to have a genuine reservoir potential. Secondary dolomitization is key to turning tight mud- and cement-dominated structures into potential reservoirs. The best prospective targets are the flanks of Lower Permian buildups that recorded the transition from evaporite to openmarine sedimentation along the southern margin of the Sverdrup Basin.


Surgery‐induced renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and nephrotoxic drugs like cisplatin can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), for which there is no effective therapy. Lipid accumulation is evident following AKI in renal tubules although the mechanisms and pathological effects are unclear. Here, we report that Ehmt2‐encoded histone methyltransferase G9a is upregulated in patients and mouse kidneys after AKI. Renal tubular specific knockout of G9a (Ehmt2Ksp) or pharmacological inhibition of G9a alleviates lipid accumulation associated with AKI. Mechanistically, G9a suppresses transcription of the lipolytic enzyme Ces1; moreover, G9a and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) competitively bind to the same promoter regions of Ces1. Ces1 is consistently observed to be downregulated in the kidney of AKI patients. Pharmacological inhibition of Ces1 increases lipid accumulation, exacerbates renal I/R‐injury and eliminates the beneficial effects on AKI observed in Ehmt2Ksp mice. Furthermore, lipid‐lowering atorvastatin and an FXR agonist alleviate AKI by activating Ces1 and reducing renal lipid accumulation. Together, our results reveal a G9a/FXR‐Ces1 axis that affects the AKI outcome via regulating renal lipid accumulation.


Stemming words to (usually) remove suffixes has applications in text search, machine translation, document summarisation, and text classification. For example, English stemming reduces the words "computer", "computing", "computation", and "computability" to their common morphological root, "comput-". In text search, this permits a search for "computers" to find documents containing all words with the stem "comput-". In the Indonesian language, stemming is of crucial importance: words have prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and confixes that make matching related words difficult. In this paper, we investigate the performance of five Indonesian stemming algorithms through a user study. Our results show that, with the availability of a reasonable dictionary, the unpublished algorithm of Nazief and Adriani correctly stems around 93% of word occurrences to the correct root word. With the improvements we propose, this almost reaches 95%. We conclude that stemming for Indonesian should be performed using our modified Nazief and Adriani approach.


A large coal terminal on the Australian coast receives coal from several mines which is exported to a large number of markets around the world. The coal is brought to the terminal by trains run by State Railways. The chain of events in the transport of coal from mines to the port has been modeled and a comprehensive analysis of duration and distribution of activity times and delays has been undertaken to enable benchmarking of all activities involved. This information has been used to estimate the optimal rates of loading coal at mines, unloading at the rail receival station at the port and the journey times from mines to the terminal. The analysis of all delays has been considered in the estimation of land-based capacity. Cycle times for train trips to each mine have been developed under alternative scenarios and are based on the 1996-98 proportion of coal transported from each mine. The analytical approach and capacity estimation procedure are presented in the paper.


This study investigated experiences of trauma and psychosocial mediators in correctional staff who had dealt with a death in custody within the previous year. A total of 211 participants completed the Trauma Symptom Index as well as measures of self-efficacy, optimism, problem-solving style, social support, and growth. The data showed that around 32% of participants were exhibiting symptoms at a clinical level. Prior experience with suicide and level of involvement in the incident were direct predictors of symptom level. Support, optimism, self-efficacy, and confidence in problem-solving seemed to be potential protective factors and were also predictive of trauma-related growth. Although the study was cross sectional, the data suggest that it may be possible to predict factors that are protective and therefore offer some hope in terms of developing preventive strategies.


Background: Serum creatinine level is frequently used as a measure for renal function assessment. However, there are some situations in which patients may suffer significant renal impairment but serum creatinine levels remain within normal ranges. Objectives: We conducted this study to evaluate the discrepancy between serum creatinine (SCr) level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in determining the eligibility for cisplatin-based chemotherapy among cancer patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 198 cancer patients had received cisplatin-based chemotherapy at Jorjani Cancer Center, Emam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran were retrospectively investigated. The discordance between SCr level and calculated GFR by Cockcroft-Gault equation was analyzed. Results: 130 patients (66%) were men and 68 (34%) were women with mean age of 54.5 years. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and head and neck were the most common primary tumor histology and site respectively. Of 165 patients with available data to calculate eGFR, 45 (27.3%) had normal kidney function based solely on SCr levels, but their GFR was less than 60 mL/min (renal dysfunction). The discordance between SCr and GC calculated GFR values were most pronounced in the older age, transitional cell carcinoma histology and bladder primary site. Conclusions: This study shows that SCr level alone may not be a reliable measure of normal kidney function to determine eligibility for cisplatine-based chemotherapy.


The effect of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermentation, on reducing acrylamide and physicochemical properties of the Iranian flat bread named, Sangak and bulk bread were studied. Bread containing whole grain such as Sangak bread contains a high level of enzymes and nutrients related to the bran and outer layers of the grain. In this study, the activity of amylase in whole wheat flour was 19.8% higher than to white wheat flour, based on falling number analysis. Results showed after 24 h of fermentation, in similar temperature, the pH values of the sourdoughs made from whole wheat flour were higher, compared to sourdoughs prepared from white wheat flour. Acrylamide formation was affected (r=0.69) by pH of sourdough. In addition, moisture and water activity of bread reversely influenced (r=-0.807 and -0.588, respectively) the formation of acrylamide in bread. As an important result, acrylamide content of Sangak bread in all cases was lower than in the...


This study examines individuals' unemployment experiences from the age of 18 up to the age of 35 using a large panel of administrative records on unemployment related benefit claims of men in the United Kingdom over the past two decades. The main focus is on the extent to which individuals' unemployment experiences are affected by regional and skill differences, i.e. individual heterogeneity, and the business cycle. In particular this study analyses the extent to which repeated unemployment is experienced by individuals who are not able to get stable employment and individuals who hold several jobs interrupted with spells of unemployment before obtaining stable employment. The results provide new insights into the long-term benefits of a labour market program aimed at increasing the employability of the unemployed and getting them into work, such as the New Deal in the UK.


In this paper, we propose a new local thresholding methodology. Local threshold can make up global threshold"s fault caused by the brightness difference. Existing local thresholding methods[1-6] tend to find misdetection at blank space because they use local mean which is computed by applying constant weights regardless of distance from the center point. To overcome this problem, we propose a new method utilizing the Gaussian filter with weights inversely proportional to the distance from the center point. To prove merits of our method, we compared our method with existing method and the result shows superiority of our method.


The research achievements of an education research project named construction of "Top-quality courses" supported by Tsinghua University were introduced.In this project,the reform of Mechanical Engineering Graphics course was one of the most important tasks.The new course was targeted as enhancing basic engineering science abilities and fundamental graphics theories.And the collaborations with related courses were especially emphasized.In the new course architecture,the abilities of creation and expression of mechanical construction were as the guide lines.The course contents include the fundamental theories,methods and technical skills.Finally,some cases of teaching practice under the new architecture since 2000 were introduced.


Pre-processing of a metal surface before coating is a key factor that affects the coating performance. This phenomenon has been puzzling people for a long time. In this paper, a new type of preprocessing using heterocyclic compounds, pyridine and furan, were applied to address this problem. The tests show that the rust layers of mild steel treated by pyridine and furan are more compact than the untreated layers. The corrosion rate of the mild steel with a rust layer treated by pyridine is lower than that of the samples with furan treatment and without treatment, while the impedance is also the largest. The adhesion of an epoxy-polyvinylbutyral (EP-PVB) coating, which is painted on rust layers with pyridine and furan pretreatment, is much stronger. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of EP-PVB coatings that are painted onto the rust layers with pretreatment is much better than that of the coatings that are directly painted onto the rust layer without pretreatment. The impedance of EP-PVB coatings that are painted onto the rust layers with pretreatment is much higher than that of the EP-PVB coating that is directly painted onto the rust layer without pretreatment.


We introduce a modified molecular dynamics algorithm that allows one to freeze the dynamics of parts of a physical system, and thus concentrate the simulation effort on selected, central degrees of freedom. This freezing, in contrast to other multi-scale methods, introduces no approximations in the thermodynamic behaviour of the non-central variables while conserving the Newtonian dynamics of the region of physical interest. Molecular dynamics simulation is the backbone of much numerical work in condensed matter physics and chemistry. It is formulated in terms of the underlying forces of the physical model and allows one to study thermodynamic and dynamic processes in microscopic detail. However, it is also clear that the method is, in some geometries, extravagantly wasteful. An important and obvious example occurs in biophysical applications where a single interesting complex is studied in the presence of a solvent: A solvated protein requires detailed simulation of large number of water molecules—in order to correctly hydrate the molecule, and also to separate periodic images in the simulation cell. Such systems seem to be obvious candidates for a multi-scale approach. Close to the protein all the dynamics are to be followed, but at larger distances from the protein the water molecules are spectators, which should give rise to self-averaging in large systems. Nevertheless, this "distant spectator" must be well modeled in order to limit finite size artefacts. Such ideas have led to a number of interesting papers for the formulation of multiscale simulation [1, 2] where the spatial resolution of the solvent model changes as a function of position in the simulation cell. An alternative to this molecular coarse-graining is to use different integration methods in different regions using a simple, robust large-step integrator in the far field, coupled to more precise near field stepper, [3]. Another physical system where multi-scale ideas are important is in the modelling of deformations in solid materials. Here short-range atomistic modeling is coupled to larger scale continuum descriptions in order to reduce artefacts from the tiny samples that can be comfortably simulated [4,5]. It is clear that careful matching is required to best interface the continuum and atomistic models. The present paper introduces a complementary view on how to treat the far-field degrees of freedom. Rather than spatially coarse-graining or introducing continuum couplings we introduce a hierarchy in the speed of simulation. Central regions in the physical system advance with a full, molecular dynamic algorithm. Regions further away are regularly frozen so that on average time advances more slowly. However, the whole dynamic system is assembled in such a way that detailed-balance is obeyed; the entire simulated system thus samples the proper equilibrated thermodynamic ensemble. Thus there is no sharp boundary between interesting and spectator regions. All degrees of freedom are free to relax and fluctuate. Physical intuition tells us that this can be potentially useful: In the simulation of water the dominant local process is Debye dielectric relaxation of the orientational dipole occurring on the scale of 1ps. In a long (microsecond simulation) simulation of a bio-molecule a single, distant water molecule influences, above all, due to the averaged, static dielectric properties which are fully developed at this tiny time scale. Putting more computational effort into this rotational process than is needed is clearly inefficient. The same can be said of a distant region in a simulation of mechanical deformation of a solid: full high statistics simulation of distant regions do not substantially increase the accuracy of the simulation of the near field. We now consider the phase space dynamics of a system which has been partially frozen: To begin, consider the motion of a single particle with a reduced Hamiltonian Hi which contains just that part of the full Hamiltonian H p-1 ar X iv :1 70 3. 07 99 0v 1 [ co nd -m at .s ta tm ec h] 2 3 M ar 2 01 7


A small computer is used (a) to establish retention times and integrated areas of chromatographic peaks arising from a batch of blood alcohol samples and standards in a head space sampling gas chromatograph, (b) to handle most of the clerical work associated with the process, and (c) to manage the automated blood alcohol system and to provide management information. The system was introduced in August 1976. The capacity of the system to process blood samples is considerably beyond the normal requirements for enforcement purposes of 10,000-16,000 blood samples per year. (TRRL)


The paper summarizes the proceedings of the January 2008 conference entitled The Role of the NUKAT Union Catalog in Shaping the Society of Knowledge in Poland.


From the special characteristics of distribution network business, the design scheme of the graphics platform was proposed, which include maintenance, the exhibition, and some assistant methods for the analysis of graphics platform. The graphics platform is a vector graph which based on the difference mapping of graphics template, support for graphics scaling without limit, and can highlight the important message in graphics platform. This graphics platform can have multi section with different time mark, there are five modules including the maintenance of graphics, the management of section, the show of graphics state, the management of the distribution network's business, and assistant analysis of graphics platform. The problem of mutual independence of distribution network business was solved, and has provided an integrity platform of maintenance, analysis, treatment for distribution network.


Intense human activities and rapid climate changes both have obvious impacts on alpine ecosystems. However, the magnitudes and directions of the impacts by these two drivers remain uncertain due to a lack of a reasonable assessment method to distinguish between them. The impact of natural resilience is also generally included in the dynamics of a disturbed ecosystem and is liable to be mixed into the impact of human activity. It is urgent that we quantitatively discriminate human activity impacts on the ecosystem under climate change, especially for fast-developing alpine regions. Here, we propose an assessment method to determine human activity impacts under a dynamic climate, taking the potential net primary production (NPP) of an ecosystem as a benchmark. The potential NPP (NPPP) series under the changing climate was retrieved by an improved integrated biosphere simulator based on the initial disturbed ecosystem status of the assessment period. The actual NPP (NPPA) series monitored by remote sensing was considered as the results derived from the joint impacts of climate change, natural resilience and human activity. Then, the impact of human activity was quantified as the difference between the NPPP and NPPA. The contributions of human activity and natural forces to ecosystem NPP dynamics were then calculated separately and employed to explore the dominant driver(s). This assessment method was demonstrated in a typical alpine ecosystem in Northwest China. The results indicate that this method capably revealed the positive impacts of local afforestation and land-use optimization and the negative impacts caused by grazing during the assessment period of 2001–2017. This assessment method provides a quantitative reference for assessing the performances of ecological protections or human damage to alpine ecosystems at the regional scale.


The invention relates to the field of a macromolecular composite material, and particularly relates to a polylactic acid/chitin nano crystal composite material and a preparation method thereof as well as a pen made of the polylactic acid/chitin nano crystal composite material. The polylactic acid in the composite material is L-polylactic acid or R-polylactic acid. The pen is prepared by adopting the composite material. The pen is environmentally friendly, safe, mould-proof and bactericidal.


A fish's environment is a complex system with varying water quality,
temperature, light intensity, current velocity, aquatic vegetation, food availability and
social interactions. The response of fishes to these changes assumes greater importance
with large scale culture offish. In case of cultured species, man's interference is a major
factor. Fishes are extensively and intensively reared in captivity, often submitted to
confinement, handling, transportation and drug treatment. A valuable contribution from
the field of biological sciences would be the accumulation of information on the
physiological response of fish to these environmental changes.


Learning Objectives: Pediatric cardiac intensive unit patients (PCICU) are frequently exposed to pharmacologic and environmental factors which predispose them to sleep disturbances, which may increase the risk of delirium. In this pilot study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of actigraphy in PCICU patients and investigate the association between sleep characteristics and development of delirium. Methods: In this observational pilot study, children were enrolled postoperatively from June 2016 to June 2017. Actigraphy watches were placed immediately after admission to the CICU and data was collected for the entirety of their ICU stay. Delirium screening was conducted twice daily using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. Actigraphy data was analyzed to quantify sleep parameters including percent sleep time, average duration of sleep episodes, night (2000-0800)/day(0800-2000) activity count ratios and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled (n=63 days). Median age was 36 months (IQR 22–75 months) and median CICU LOS was 2 days (IQR 1–3 days). Sixty-one percent of patients screened positive for delirium and the average number of delirious days for those who screened positive was 1.9 (SD 0.8–3 days). The average percent sleep time was 56% for delirious patients and 49% for those who did not develop delirium (p=0.28). Average sleep episode was 37 minutes in duration (Range 13–73), with no difference between groups. Ratio of night/day activity averaged 78% in both groups (p=0.9). WASO was higher in in delirious patients (466 vs. 368 min; p=0.10). Conclusions: Actigraphy monitoring in conjunction with delirium screening is feasible in infants and children admitted to the ICU after cardiac surgery. Our preliminary data suggests that pediatric cardiac surgical patients have a high risk of delirium, and all children in the PCICU experience severe sleep disturbances. These pilot data provide important insights for the design of a large-scale study to investigate potential causal relationships between sleep and delirium in the pediatric cardiac surgical patients.


In this paper, we present a process model on how the measurement of innovation performance within firm shapes the attention of organizational members. Most firms measure innovation performance on a regular basis. Yet, this practice is double-edged. On the one hand, innovation measurement may help audit innovation performance thus enabling the improvement of innovative activities. On the other, measurement may hinder creativity and make managers focus their attention too narrowly. Addressing this dilemma, existing studies has taken a strong normative stance, providing lists of best- practice metrics. At the same times, these lists are often overlapping and the advice given sometimes contradictive and we lack an over-all theoretical framework to understand how the measurement of innovation performance within firms influences behavior. Drawing on attention-based theory, we propose that innovation metrics have a boxing-in effect on attention by allowing organizational members to sort issues and prioritize ans...


Large-Scale distributed hosting infrastructures have become the basic platforms for several real-world production systems. But a challenging task is to achieve both scalability and high precision while monitoring a large number of intra-node attributes that contain information relating to each node and inter-node attribute that denote measurements between different nodes. This paper presents a new distributed monitoring framework Based on video coding techniques of named RBOIC (Replica Based Online Information Compression for Scalable Hosting Infrastructure Monitoring) which uses novel image based approach in which system models snapshots of the monitored distributed system images and applies lightweight online reference block search algorithm to compress monitoring traffic from worker to management node to achieve scalable full coverage monitoring. RBOIC explores the design, implementation of adaptive rood pattern search algorithm to find out optimal or near optimal reference values for each attribute. RBOIC effectively achieve failure-resilient monitoring by restoring monitoring data on replica node. The experimental evaluation of compressive monitoring system has been done using real time monitoring data .The experimental results show that RBOIC can achieve much higher compression ratios with less overhead and adaptive rood pattern search (APRS) achieves better performance by preventing unnecessary intermediate search than diamond search pattern.


The invention relates to a health-care medicament pillow for treating insomnia and preventing dementia. The health-care medicament pillow for treating the insomnia and preventing the dementia consists of a Chinese medicine pillow core, a pillow core case and a pillow case, wherein Chinese medicinal substances in the Chinese medicine pillow core comprise nardostachyos root and rhizome, tangerine peel, spina date seed, lotus leaf, cassia seed, astragalus, largehead atractylodes rhizome, Indian buead, rehmanniae vaporata, vine root, costustoot, Hangchow chrysanthemum, raw magnetite, pagodatree flower bud, seed of feather cockscomb, hawthorn core, szechuan lovage rhizome, angelica dahurica and calcite. The health-care medicament pillow for treating the insomnia and preventing the dementia is convenient to use and has quick response. The Chinese medicinal substances in the Chinese medicine pillow core have effects of soothing the nerves, cooling blood, clearing heat and removing toxicity, promoting blood circulation, eliminating blood stasis, removing meridian obstruction, treating insomnia and preventing the dementia. Due to durable contact of the medicaments and the head part and nutrient absorption, inflammation is eliminated; cholesterol and triglyceride are reduced; brain blood vessel microcirculation and brain cell metabolism are promoted; and the brain cells can be reborn and recovered.


This thesis investigates the nature of the mutual understanding of quality assurance between two importing countries and Australia, as an exporter, of transnational higher education. The findings highlight the risks for policy makers and the need for better communication and collaboration between importing and exporting institutions and their transnational higher education counterparts.


Introduction: The morphology of the mammalian cardiac action potential (AP) is an important factor in the susceptibility to drug‐induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) that may initiate Torsade de Pointes (TdP). AP triangulation has been shown to be an important predictor of drug‐induced TdP.


Epistemologies of tested beliefs (knowledge claims) in scientific practice and non-tested yet faith-imbued beliefs (belief claims) in religious life are compared and contrasted. A study of models of rationality in contemporary philosophy of science and religion is completed with the purpose to assess possible compatibility systems in "science and religion" literature. Myths are re-contextualized in the modern scientific cosmos via the igmythicist conception of myths—myths are neither mere delusions nor reflections of an ontological reality for the gods, but myths are the application of meaning-enclaves enclosed in the world of natural human experience. It is argued that, if a compatibility system is successful in mapping shared epistemic territory between knowledge claims and belief claims, the compatibility system will be based on a theory of rationality which consistently tests knowledge claims and belief claims. While the cognitive values of a scientific epistemology provide an epistemic benchmark for testing many beliefs, the problem of constructing a "religious epistemology" in a modern, Western university is analyzed. Philosophical and theological benefits and limitations of the proposed "religious epistemology" are assessed and the place for a theory of rationality in religious life considered.


We present a study of semileptonic B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Dl\ensuremath{\nu}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} decays in quenched lattice QCD through a calculation of the matrix element 〈D\ensuremath{\Vert}c\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}$b\ensuremath{\Vert}B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}〉 on a ${24}^{3}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}48 lattice at \ensuremath{\beta}=6.2, using an O(a)-improved fermion action. We perform the calculation for several values of the initial and final heavy-quark masses around the charm mass, and three values of the light-(anti)quark mass around the strange mass. Because the charm quark has a bare mass which is almost 1/3 the inverse lattice spacing, we study the ensuing mass-dependent discretization errors, and propose a procedure for subtracting at least some of them nonperturbatively. We extract the form factors ${\mathit{h}}^{+}$ and ${\mathit{h}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$. After radiative corrections, we find that ${\mathit{h}}^{+}$ displays no dependence on the heavy-quark mass, enabling us to identify it with an Isgur-Wise function \ensuremath{\xi}. Interpolating the light-quark mass to that of the strange, we obtain an Isgur-Wise function relevant for B${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{s}}^{(\mathrm{*})}$l\ensuremath{\nu}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} decays which has a slope -${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=1.${2}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}^{+2}$ (stat${)}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}^{+2}$ (syst) at zero recoil. An extrapolation to a massless light quark enables us to obtain an Isgur-Wise function relevant for B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{D}}^{(\mathrm{*})}$l\ensuremath{\nu}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} decays. This function has a slope -${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{u},}$${\mathit{d}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=0.${9}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}^{+2}$ (stat${)}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}^{+4}$ (syst) at zero recoil. We observe a slight decrease in the magnitude of the central value of the slope as the mass of the light quark is reduced; given the errors, however, the significance of this observation is limited.


The appropriateness of dielectric loaded antenna for the passive millimeter wave imaging application has recently been demonstrated. In this paper, we analyze the optical performance of the passive millimeter wave (PMMW) imaging system based on a 1D focal plane array (FPA) of dielectric rod waveguide (DRW) antennas. A first step in the design process is to analyze the image quality potential of 1D FPA-based imaging system in terms of the point spread function (PSF) and the modulation transfer function (MTF). We consider the effect Received 20 April 2010, Accepted 2 July 2010, Scheduled 25 July 2010 Corresponding author: Y.-H. Kim (firstname.lastname@example.com).


The aim of the research is the analysis of the land market segmentation in small towns of Siberia on the example of Tara town, the Omsk region with the transactions activity assessment by segments. The relevance of the topic is determined by the usefulness of the results obtained in the design and implementation of territorial and spatial development programs of Siberian and Far Eastern regions, capable in the medium term to become the territories of rapid development of the country. In this connection it is important to assess the demand for and efficiency of land resources use in the present period, con-straining factors and factors required for development. The dynamics of the land market is an objec-tive indicator of the development of territories, allowing the most effective involvement of land and real estate in the real economic turnover. The article reflects the results of the study of the modern land relations state in the town of Tara, Omsk region. The paper analyses the condition and distribution of lands by categories, functional purpose and forms of ownership. The demand and the nature of real estate pricing in the town, the main factors influencing the formation of its market value have been analyzed. Recommendations on the rational use of some segments of the city territory and its further expansion are given. It gives an overview of the state of such problems and possible solutions for municipal districts of the Omsk region.


Findings from a study that compared six methods for computing dropout rates are presented in this paper, which focuses on determining those appropriate for use at the local level of administrative decision making. Statewide data obtained from the U.S. Department of Education and from the Division of Management Information Services, Florida Department of Education, were used to compare the following six methods: Simple or Event; Current Population Survey (CPS); Common Core Data (CCD); High School and Beyond (BSB Cumulative Dropout (CDOR); and Enhanced Dropout. The uses of each model for each level of the educational hierarchy are described. Findings indicate that the combination of the Event, CDOR, and Enhanced methods provide a clear picture of the local dropout problem. A conclusion is that because dropout rate data obtained from using a particular computation method may not De applicable at every level, local educational decision makers must be aware of the various computation models and the information each provides. (13 references) (LMI) ****************************A*************************A**************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********************************************V************************ UI DEPARTIMENT OF EDUCATION OrIxo EtIoc000nst Rissanza and totoravernore EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ECM 4;e.TIrS documeol has Dien rsotoctuced as 'Peewee !rata Me PIKIOn or orgsruzaboo eavilatf rop ft o Miner Cnengei neve been made to rmiadee reelladaCtrOa Qualty Pomtd Of view adfmeoe statad .13 Mt5 dOCunerd do nOt necessarily redr*Seat Offee.ali Of RI deadfall Of poftcy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." A Comparative Analysis of Six Methods for Compu*.ing Dropout: Their Utility in Educational Decision Making Donald A. MacCuish University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32826 A Paper Presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 20-24 April 1992


Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat engines with fixed duration,input energy and linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q∝Δ(T-1)] had been determined.The optimal cycle that maximized the efficiency of the engine had been obtained using optimal-control theory and numerical method.It was shown that the optimal cycle had eight branches including two isothermal branches,four maximum-efficiency branches and two adiabatic branches.The interval of each branch had been obtained,as well as the solutions of the temperatures of heat reservoirs and working fluid.A numerical example was given.The obtained results were compared with those obtained with the Newton's heat transfer law [q∝Δ(T)] for maximum-efficiency objective.


This article examines the foundational justifications for the practice of punishing perpetrators of international crimes. It argues that creating such a foundation is important for the formation of a coherent and consistent criminal process. The article then presents two theories that justify punishment in national systems – retributivist and consequentialist. This presentation includes a critique of these theories and of models that try to combine the two. At its conclusion this presentation raises severe moral concerns with the application of the consequentialist justifications. Next, the article examines the express opinions of the various ad-hoc international tribunals and scholarly writing on international criminal law in order to examine if displacing criminal law from the domestic to the international sphere mandates adopting a different theory to justify punishment. The conclusion that is reached at the end of this examination is that at its core, international criminal law is no different from national criminal law and should focus on the personal responsibility of the perpetrators as the foundation for punishment. The article therefore subsequently argues that international criminal law should be of a retributive nature. P a g e | 2 DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE A. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 I. Background and significance of the article's bearing. .................................................4 II. The Crux of the Argument.................................................................................................11 B. Paradigms for Justifying Punishment ................................................................................ 15 I. Early concepts of punishment: Biblical and Classical Greek .......................................15 1. A Biblical Allegory of the Concept of Personal Responsibility in the Story of the Expulsion from the Garden of Eden.................................................................................16 2. The Difference Between Revenge and Justice in Aeschylus's Oresteia................18 II. Two Arch-type Justifications for Punishment ..................................................................20 1. Consequentialism...........................................................................................................22 2. Deontology and Retributivism......................................................................................29 3. Deontological Critique of Consequentialism – confusing duty and inclination, instrumentalizing the individual, and violating the idea of freedom..........................36 4. Critiques of Retributivism – vengeance, impracticality, and absolutism ...............47 5. Mixed Theories Justifications combining both paradigms – presentation and critique of their inconsistency...........................................................................................56 6. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................61 C. Theories of Punishment in International Law...................................................................... 63 I. The Decisions of International Tribunals – Minimal Guidance.......................................64 II. Scholarly Writing .................................................................................................................74 1. Deterrence as the objective of International Criminal Law .................................75 2. National Reconstruction, Truth and Reconciliation – Attempting to draw emphasis from desert of the perpetrator to the rehabilitation of the community ...76 3. Critics of International Criminal Law – Skepticism towards the enterprise as a whole. ..................................................................................................................................81 4. Critique of the Academic Writing on Punishment – Asking for too much ..........82 D. Conclusions – the role of punishment................................................................................. 86 P a g e | 3 DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE A. Introduction This article takes a step back from the common discourse regarding international criminal law, examines the foundational justifications for the practice of punishing perpetrators of international crimes,1 and asserts that punishing for crimes in international law should focus on the free agency and responsibility of the perpetrators and not on external societal benefits. Current theoretical writing on international criminal law examines its efficacy,2 the legitimacy of super-national punishment that oversteps the boundaries of sovereignty,3 and its role within transitional justice mechanisms.4 Other scholarship of a more doctrinal nature examines specific practices of the tribunals, such as the level of intent for a specific crime,5 or how to define joint criminal responsibility.6 This article takes a much needed pause from addressing specifics, and instead suggests examining the institution of punishment as a whole from a retributive vantage point. 1 To refrain from listing War crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Genocide and the Crime of Aggression, the term "international crimes" will be used collectively. One must no confuse these international crimes with cross border crimes which also might be considered "international" but do not necessarily rise to the level of a "war crime." 2 See, e.g., David Wippman, Atrocities, Deterrence , and the Limits of International Justice, 23 FORDHAM INT'L L.J. 473. 3 See, e.g., LARRY MAY, CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY (2005), and LARRY MAY, AGGRESSION AND CRIMES AGAINST PEACE (2008). 4 See, e.g., MARTHA MINOW, BETWEEN VENGEANCE AND FORGIVENESS (1998). 5 See, e.g., KNUT DÖRMANN, ELEMENTS OF WAR CRIMES UNDER THE ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (2003). 6 See, e.g., GIDEON BOAS, JAMES L. BISCHOFF AND NATALIE L. REID, INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW PRACTITIONER LIBRARY VOL. 1, FORMS OF RESPONSIBILITY IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW (2007). P a g e | 4 DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE This article's underlying assumption is that before answering questions regarding the effectiveness of the international tribunals, we7 should have clarified what these tribunals are supposed to do. Before determining a legal dilemma's best solution, e.g., who to prosecute, we should be aware of why we prosecute in the first place. Answering doctrinal questions without considering why we engage in the practice of punishment from the outset is equivalent to missing the proverbial forest for the trees. By exploring a theoretical basis for these international tribunals and proposing an agent centric deontological paradigm this article lays the groundwork for continued examination of specific questions relating to particular issues that arise during criminal prosecution of international criminals. I. Background and significance of the article's bearing. On July 17, 1998, following more than a month of continuous debate and deliberation, the United Nations Diplomatic Conference in Rome adopted the statute for the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC).8 Four years later, in April 2002, the requisite 60th State Party acceded to the convention,9 7 By 'we' I refer here to the scholars and practitioners that shape international law by drafting international treaties and statutes, advocate before international tribunals, make judgments in international tribunals, and comment on these treaties, statutes and decisions in academic and professional forums. 8 Chronology of the International Criminal Court at the ICC web-page available at http://www.icc-cpi.int/about/ataglance/chronology.html. 9 As stipulated in article 126 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, [Henceforth the "Rome Statute" or "the Statute"]. P a g e | 5 DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE DRAFT PLEASE DO NOT CITE and on July 1, 2002, the Statute came into force.10 This chronology of events set in motion the next phase in the development of international criminal law. By creating a permanent institution for the adjudication of the crimes considered so heinous that they are taken to be offensive, not to a single sovereign state, but to the international community as a whole, the member states made a strong statement. The content of that statement is the subject of this article. While it is prima facie obvious that the Rome Statute created a permanent court (as opposed to ad-hoc tribunals) to try offenders suspected of committing international crimes, the court's purpose and hence what the international community was hoping to achieve by trying these offenders is not entirely clear. By examining the International Criminal Court and the various ad-hoc tribunals and special tribunals created in the past sixty years, this article asks a basic question – what ought to be the justifications for punishing culprits who are charged with committing international crimes? Stated otherwise, why do we choose to deliberately hurt people by denying them their freedom, and sometimes their lives, because they committed international crimes?11 10Chronology of the International Criminal Court at the ICC web-page available at http://www.icc-cpi.int/about/ataglance/chronology.html. 11 There is an important caveat here. This author was born into Western society, lived most of his life within the confines of Western culture, and is therefore inextricably affected by Western conceptions of law, justice and punishment. As far as outlining the development of crime in Western culture that is not a problem. It could become a problem when applying this article's conclusions to international criminal law, which is universal. However, the ICC statute has been signed and ratified by 108 nations, from six continents,


Imports of Mayotte were multiplied by 8 over the last twenty years, widening the trade deficit of the island. At the same time the population of Mayotte has more than doubled. This article proposes to study the contribution of the growth of this population in the increase in imports over the period 2000-2010. The estimation of a micro-gravity equation based on a model with non-homothetic preferences can show that an increase of 1% of the total population leads to an increase of 1.23% of imports. In comparison, an increase of the population minus the illegal population impact imports by 0.46%.Classification JEL : C23, F14, F15


Background and Purpose We investigated the temporal distribution of the p53‐immunoreactive protein in conjunction with cellular damage and the expression of the p53 mRNA after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats (n=66; controls, n=7) were subjected to 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion and were killed at various times of reperfusion (0.5 to 168 hours) for p53 immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analysis. Results A cellular expression of mutant p53‐immunoreactive protein was found localized to anatomic sites exhibiting severe neuronal damage. A maximal induction of mutant p53‐immunoreactive protein was found at 12 hours after reperfusion and subsequently declined. No wild‐type p53 protein expression was detected after ischemia. A time‐dependent expression of p53 mRNA was observed in both hemispheres. The peak level of p53 mRNA occurred at 24 hours after reperfusion. Conclusions Our data indicate that the expressions of p53‐immunoreactive protein and p53 mRNA are upregulated after transient focal cerebral ischemic insult in rats. The concomitant appearance of p53 and cell damage in ischemic brain suggests that p53 expression may impact cell biological response to an ischemic insult. (Stroke. 1994;25:849‐856.)


Allyl phenoxyacetate was synthesized by esterification of phenoxyacetic acid and allyl alcohol catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid supported on activated carbon. The effect of reaction time, alcohol acid mol ratio and catalyst amount to ester yield was studied.


Sweet corn is an important crop because of its seeds with high total sugar and low starch contents. As common corn, this group requires an adequate amount of nitrogen to reach high yields. However, the studies on nitrogen and sweet corn are performed for ear yield instead of seed yield. As seeds are the main propagation method for this species, we proposed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates as side-dressing at different plant stages of a sweet corn seed production. Sweet corn seeds (variety BR 400) were sown in Latosol (Oxisol), and a 3×2+1 factorial scheme was designed with three nitrogen rates (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) at two plant stages (V6 and R1) plus the control (no nitrogen side-dressing). The evaluated variables were seed yield, protein content, P and Zn contents, germination, and vigor rates. We concluded that nitrogen applied at a rate of 120 kg ha-1 at V6 increases seed yield and maintains unaltered the protein content in seeds of sweet corn (BR 400 variety). Neither germination nor seed vigor increases when nitrogen rates are increased or administered at different stages of plant development. We also noted a slight decrease in P content or an increase in Zn content of seeds at low nitrogen rates; however, they are insufficient to promote changes in the physiological potential of sweet corn seeds.


In the constrained antenna synthesis via the alternating projections method, the calculation of projections often impacts on the quality of the obtained solution, and therefore is a relevant issue in practice. We propose a novel approach to compute these projections, based on the linearity of the excitation-to-field relationship, and the non-linearity of the projection operations. In our approach, at each iteration step we adaptively change the reference levels, based on the properties of the employed metric. The approach appears generally applicable, simple to implement, and computationally efficient. These properties are confirmed by application examples.


Faraday shield for use in a plasma reactor (930) having a variable shielding efficiency. The shield (300) is divided into each selectively grounded or many shield segments which is not grounded. To completely maintain a stable plasma state between the plasma reactor (930) in the transition ratio transition period between the state of being completely ground the state of not being grounded, it can be controlled. Once the plasma strike is achieved, or is conditioned to good matching in front of the shield setting, it can be time rate of change of the shielding efficiency is controlled at a predetermined rate. When the Faraday shield (320) is completely grounded, the amount of contamination on the wafer and on the chamber is reduced by reducing the rate of sputtering of the chamber surfaces.


Following to complex examination of children with inflammatory gastroduodenal pathology the series of clinical and morphological peculiarities of chronic gastroduodenal pathology, associated with Helicobacter pylori was exposed. In this study the prevalence ofHelicobacter pylori infection was 75% in children. The difference in frequency of infection by age and sex, the greatest duration of pathology, a high frequency of erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, decrease in lactase activity of small intestine, a high degree of an inflammatory process and its high activity and incidence of atrophic changes were revealed in children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology, associated with Helicobacter pylory.


Relationship between the dynamic elastic-plastic fracture toughness and the notch root radius of high strength 7075 alloys aged in various conditions were investigated. The apparent fracture toughness is strengthened with an increase of the notch root radius, ρ, and is independent of the aging condition. The notch root radius does not affect the critical value of fracture toughness, which depends on the mean free path of the inclusions over 1μm. The experimental value of critical point is slightly higher than the calculated one.