Water is the main source of epidemics since it is universally used and supplied to a large population from a few centralised sources. Microbioiogical status is commonly employed for determining the quality of water because it acts as a source of certain diseases. During distribution, drinking water is exposed to microbial contamination. It is therefore not surprising that the factors affecting the microbial quality of potable water during distribution have been the subject of numerous studies. To make the drinking water more safer a post treatment system, in addition, at household level needs to be established.


Homochirality of amino acids in proteins and sugars in DNA and RNA is a critical feature of life on Earth. In the absence of a chiral driving force, however, reactions leading to the synthesis of amino acids and sugars result in racemic mixtures. It is currently unknown whether homochirality was necessary for the origins of life or if it was a product of early life. The observation of enantiomeric excesses of certain amino acids of extraterrestrial origins in meteorites provides evidence to support the hypothesis that there was a mechanism for the preferential synthesis or destruction of a particular amino acid enantiomer [e.g., 1-3]. The cause of the observed chiral excesses is un-clear, although at least in the case of the amino acid isovaline, the degree of aqueous alteration that occurred on the meteorite parent body is correlated to the isovaline L-enantiomeric excess [3, 4]. This suggests that chiral symmetry is broken and/or amplified within the meteorite parent bodies. Besides amino acids, there have been only a few reports of other meteoritic compounds found in enantiomeric excess: sugars and sugar acids [5, 6] and the hydroxy acid lactic acid [7]. Determining whether or not additional types of molecules in meteorites are also present in enantiomeric excesses of extraterrestrial information will provide insights into mechanisms for breaking chiral symmetry. Though the previous measurements (e.g., enantiomeric composition of lactic acid [7], and chiral carboxylic acids [8]) were made by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the potential for increased sensitivity of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses is important because for many meteorite samples, only small sample masses are available for study. Furthermore, at least in the case of amino acids, many of the largest amino acid enantiomeric excesses were observed in samples that contained lower abundances (tens of ppb) of a given amino acid enantiomer. In the present work, we describe our efforts to develop highly sensitive LC-MS methods for the analysis of chiral carboxylic acids including hydroxy acids.


Measurement of transport, which covers diffusion as well as flow, is discussed as a natural extension of the magnetic field gradient encoding of position, and concepts of displacements and propagators are introduced as arising from double or multiple encoding of position. The equivalence of k-space and q-space is extended toward acceleration and higher order correlations of motion. Examples are given for non-Gaussian diffusion processes and their respective experimental signatures, with a number of typical encoding schemes and applications being discussed.

Multidimensional techniques are presented which allow the correlation of displacements in different directions, or at different times, with each other. These methods represent a class of valuable and rather flexible tools for the investigation of transport in structured media, as mature analysis packages are becoming available. Finally, the article summarizes approaches that combine velocity encoding with imaging, either by time-of-flight techniques or by phase encoding of the velocity information into the NMR image.

Keywords:

diffusion;
transport;
flow;
Gaussian process;
propagator;
k-space;
q-space;
diffusion imaging;
velocity imaging


Randomly chosen samples of 2091 and 1667 sugarcane clones derived from 14 cross combinations were tested against downy mildew disease in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Another set of 830 clones derived from 29 combinations was used for testing in 1996 and 1997. The narrow sense heritability (in family mean basis) of disease resistance from the regression of offspring on the mid-parent was 0.66 and 0.65 irz the 1977-1978 and 1996-1997 trials, respectively, an indication that the additive gene action is important. Selection for resistant clones is therefore effective. A rapid progress toward increased downy mildew resistance can be made through a breeding and selection program. The resistance of downy mildew inherited mainly through the female parent. The downy mildew resistant clone, when used as a seed parent, produced more resistant offspring than when used as a pollen giver. This can not be attributed totally to cytoplasmic inheritance because the reciprocal differences were observed only in a few cases among the reciprocal crosses. It was proposed that both the genes in the nucleus, which are of major importance, and also certain genes in maternal cytoplasm are involved in the genetic control of resistance of downy mildew disease of sugarcane.


The treatment of patients with gastroparesis has been hindered by the hypothesis that its clinical manifestations are directly related to altered gastric motility, specifically delayed gastric emptying. This simplistic concept has slowed progress in treatment development, caused excessive use of metoclopramide, a neurotoxic agent and other medications with significant cardiac toxicity such as domper-idone and prucalopride. 1 For example, despite the known risk of tardive dyskinesia from metoclopramide, and a Black Box warning from the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2009 ad-vising against its administration for more than 12 weeks, 2 and with women being at the highest risk for both neurotoxicity and gastroparesis, 3 this drug remains a recommended "first- line" treatment for gastroparesis. 4 In general, responses to pharmacotherapy for gastroparesis do not correlate with improvement of delayed gastric emptying. 5 Prokinetic agents have significant side effects and ques-tionable clinical benefits in these patients.


Abstract Odunsi, A.A. and Longe, O.G. 1995. Cocoa bean cake in poultry diets. 2: Effects of feeding cocoa bean cake on growth and laying performance of pullets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 7: 137–144. This study examined the inclusion of cocoa bean cake in the diets of grower pullets and the effects of such feeding on subsequent laying performance. Cocoa bean cake showed no deleterious effect on performance of grower pullets when included up to 10% level. At 20% level of inclusion, feed intake and weight gain were significantly (P 0.05) affected.


Microphase separation in segmented polyurethaneureas prepared from poly (oxyethylene)-poly (oxypropylene)-poly (oxyethylene) triblock copolyether was investigated, and their mechanical and blood-compatible properties were discussed in relation with microphase-separated structures. Elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopic measurements showed a regular chemical structure for the present polyurethaneureas having various hard-segment contents. Thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements confirmed the microphase separation between hard-segment domains and soft-segment martices for all the samples. Hard-segment content little influenced the glass-transition temperature of soft segments, suggesting a well-defined phase separation. On the other hand, the physical properties of the segmented polyurethaneureas were much dependent on the hard segment content, for example, the tan δpeak became broader with increasing hard-segment content, and the SAXS peak shifted to the longer distance of the Bragg spacing. These results suggest that the interface between hard-segment domain and soft-segment matrix becomes thicker with increasing hard-segment content . This might be one of the reasons why the antithrombogenicuty lowered with the increase of hard-segment content.


Background & aim: Premature infants, due to incomplete physical development, are exposed to various painful procedures during care and treatment. One of the painful procedures is gavage feeding due to lack of coordination in swallowing premature infants. This study has been performed to evaluate the effect of Yakson touch on pain control of nasogastric intubation in premature infants. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 64 premature infants referred to Taleghani Gonbad Hospital in Golestan province in 2019. The samples that met the inclusion criteria were divided into experimental and control groups by random sampling method. Infants in the intervention group received the Yakson Touch once a day for 15 minutes and 5 consecutive days. Infants in the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and pain assessment in infants was evaluated by a neonatal-infant pain assessment tool. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods and SPSS-16 software. Results: Mean and standard deviation of pain on the first day of hospitalization was 5.24±0.71 in the control group and 5.24±0.72 in the experimental group. These values in the fifth day of hospitalization were 4.27±0.44 in control group and 3.9±0.53 in the experimental group. The results of this study with repeated measures analysis of variance showed that pain decreased over time in both groups independently. However, this reduction in pain did not show a significant difference between two groups (p=0.96). Conclusion: The findings of the present study, which was performed to determine the effect of Yakson touch on the pain of premature infants admitted to the intensive care unit, showed that the pain intensity score did not show a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Due to the difference between the results of this study and some other studies, it seems that there is a need for further studies on the effectiveness of this technique in low birth weight infants.


3GPP's standardization of the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) paved the way to support the use of low-power wide area (LPWA) in cellular networks. The design goal of NB-IoT is to expand coverage, low-power and low-cost devices, and large-scale connections. As a new wireless access technology, this paper establishes a Markov model with the working state of the terminal device as the state variable for the extended discontinuous acceptance (eDRX) mechanism adopted by NB-IoT, and calculates the corresponding power consumption and Time delay model. Given that the previous calculations of power consumption and delay did not consider the impact of random access. in this article, We propose a Markov chain with random access process. The numerical results show that the backoff time of each access failure of the terminal device during the process of accessing the network has a greater impact on the power consumption and delay.


[Objective]To study the effect of gasoline on blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,liver function and kidney function in female workers of gas station.[Methods]1 052 female workers in gas station were collected in Wuxi City,to analyze the changes of blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,liver function and kidney function with age,and the change of age-adjusted standardized abnormal rate with increasing exposure years.[Results]①The levels of systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,glucose, cholesterol,triglyceride,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase,urea and creatinine had a positive correlation with age( all P 0. 05),while the uric acid level showed a negative correlation with age( P 0. 05). ②The age-standardized abnormal rate of cholesterol and triglyceride increased with increasing exposure years( P 0. 05),and the age-standardized abnormal rate of blood glucose decreased with increasing exposure years( P 0. 05). [Conclusion]Gasoline exposure can affect the abnormal rate of blood lipid and blood glucose in female workers of gas station,and levels of all indexes are influenced by age.


Using an earlier discovered analogy between Dirac's fermions and semiflexible polymers (Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 1000, 202, 186), the static scattering function is calculated analytically for polymer chains of arbitrary stiffness and length. The obtained results are in excellent agreement with the available Monte Carlo data for semiflexible chains. On the basis of this agreement, a new method of measuring the persistence lengths is proposed


A 35-year-old woman with a history of disseminated thoracic echinococcosis treated by resection of an intra-ventricular septal cyst 11 years earlier in her country of origin presented for the first time to our cardiology outpatient clinic with atypical chest pain and shortness of breath. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed multiple masses in the pericar-dium (Figure 1); chest x-ray showed widening of the right middle mediastinum (Figure 2). Computed tomography imaging and T2-weighted turbo spin echo were performed and confirmed the infiltration of the pericardium by multiple cysts (Figure 3). In addition, a saccular aortic pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta (Figures 4 and 5) was revealed and confirmed by aortography (Figure 6 and Movie I in the online-only Data Supplement). We hypothesized that the pseudoaneurysm developed subsequently to fistulization and rupture of a hydatid cyst into the aorta. Indeed, the patient reported having presented an anaphylactic shock several months earlier while living abroad. Given the potential risk of rupture of the aortic pseudoaneurysm, we referred the patient to redo surgery. At surgery, hypertonic serum (20% saline) was injected into the cysts before their removal, and minimal cardiac manipulation was performed to avoid cestode dissemination. Repair of the aortic aneurysm was performed with a Dacron prosthesis. Histopathology confirmed that the pseudoaneu-rysm of the aorta resulted from a hydatid cyst. The patient's subsequent recovery was uneventful under anthelmintics comprising albendazole and biltricide. Cardiac involvement in patients diagnosed with hydatido-sis 1,2 is uncommon. Thus, evidence-based therapy is lacking even if surgical management seems to be associated with a better outcome of patients. 3 In our case, surgery was mandated by the fistulization of a cyst into the aorta, resulting in a pseudoaneurysm threatening to rupture. To the best of our knowledge, such fistulization of a hydatid cyst into the aorta has not yet been described. Figure 1. Transthoracic echocardiography in the short-axis view demonstrating the presence of a pericardial cyst in the inferior and posterior basal part of the left ventricle (red arrows). Figure 2. Chest x-ray demonstrating the widening of the right middle mediastinum (red arrows).


With the current spotlight on the violent acts of a few mentally ill persons, it is refreshing to read these stories of individuals diagnosed with autism who have created satisfying, meaningful lives. In addition to sharing a diagnosis of autism, all of the featured individuals have used the creative arts as a catalyst for interacting with their environment. Seventy-five profiles of individual artists comprise the body of the book. Each profile includes a personal narrative describing the artist's lived experience, accompanied by a photograph of the artist and a sample of his=her work. Short articles on the diagnosis of autism, autism and the arts, and art and music round out the content. The profiles and essays are handsomely presented on large, glossy paper. Clear, bright colors showcase the reproductions of the artists' work. Together the profiles and essays provide information on the complexity of the diagnosis and a beacon of hope for individuals with autism and their families.


Seasonal variation or seasonality is a critical, yet under-researched, dimension of temporary mobility. Koenig and Bischcoff's (2003) recent paper 'Seasonality of tourism in Wales; a comparative analysis' outlined a methodology for examining and comparing patterns of seasonality in tourism data. The methodology outlined in that paper has been replicated here using Australian data.


This qualitative phenomenological study describes the experiences of female students in a rural Alberta vocational training centre through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate five key ways that instructors and institutions can approach instruction to maximize the opportunity for early and sustained student engagement: a sense of belonging and feeling of community, relationships with instructors, consistent and clear organization and structure, the recognition of student success, and the opportunity to explore new skills and careers. Abstract This qualitative phenomenological study describes the experiences of female students in a rural Alberta vocational training centre through semi‑structured interviews. The findings indicate five key ways that instructors and institutions can approach instruction to maximize the opportunity for early and sustained student engagement: a sense of belonging and feeling of community, relationships with instructors, consistent and clear organization and structure, the recognition of student success, and the opportunity to explore new skills and careers. A A key finding of this study is the importance of female students to explore non‑traditional careers—a factor on engagement and student This study also affirmed the role of organization and structure, recognition of success, and the importance of relationships within the learning environment in a new population of rural adult female learners.


Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) hot cold water piping system is a new and ideal choice nowadays.It has been used in US for more than 40 years.CPVC has many excellent properties:rigid tough,limited oxygen permeation,fire safety,low thermal conductivity,corrosion resistance,low bacteria build up,low thermal expansion and easy installation etc.From this article,you can also understand the advantage of CPVC over the other plastic materials.


AbstractThe paper presents the experimental investigation carried out on wall specimens reproducing the ancient masonry of several monumental building located in the old city centre of L'Aquila (Italy) and damaged by the April 2009 earthquake. The wall specimens were prepared in accordance with the traditional technique, using original stone elements and typical poor mortar. Subsequently, the specimens were consolidated with mortar injections. Other specimens were also reinforced with Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel wires applied as coating technique (not wrapped). Shear-compression tests were carried out on the wall specimens to evaluate the effects of the reinforcements both in terms of final stiffness and strength of the specimens. A non-linear Finite Element Model (FEM) was developed to reproduce the experimental tests and to better understand the damage phenomena. The load-displacement curves predicted by the FEM compared quite well with the experimental ones. The failure mode of the specimens was ...


The safety of natural pigment, the problem of the raw material rich in pigment, the safety of the process and the aspectof the applications of natural pigment in food were discussed.


Steady‐state sound fields in enclosures with specular reflection boundaries are modeled by an energy‐intensity boundary element method using uncorrelated broadband directional sources. The specular reflection case is solved using an iterative relaxation method extended from a three dimensional (3‐D) diffuse reflection solution. When chosen properly, few directivity harmonics are required. Starting with a diffuse calculation, higher harmonics are estimated by post‐processing, and the original diffuse influence matrix is refined accordingly and converges in few relaxation steps. The method is higher‐order accurate and similar to the diffuse case in that it includes strict enforcement of energy conservation. The method is computationally efficient, making it useful for the design of acoustic spaces. This new 3‐D energy‐intensity boundary element method utilizes an absorption scaling theory, allowing for direct solution of the element power distribution that describes the primary spatial variation caused by t...


Based on the perspective of the substitution of renewable energy for depletable energy,this paper analyzes the dynamic game between energy enterprises.Assume that depletable energy enterprises face the energy reserves constraint, and renewable energy enterprises technical knowledge constraint.RD investment will be as the decision variable of renewable energy.The basic conclusions are as follows.Firstly,renewable energy output growth rate is constantly greater than 0,and increases along with time,while depletable energy output growth rate is constantly negative,and will be reduced along with time.In the alternative process,the symbol of energy output growth rate is not sure.The positive condition is the accumulation of technology effect is bigger than market game negative effect.Secondly,energy replacement rate is constantly positive,which means the renewable energy will gradually replace the depletable energy.Replacement rate increases with the differences between the two energies reduce,and decreases with the technological depreciation increases.The size of the market and the discount rate has no effect on replacement rate.Thirdly,when depletable energy enterprise withdraws from the market,the system just reaches the saddle point equilibrium,i.e.there is a stable path trend to equilibrium.


F OR THE PURPOSES of this report, a small plant is one employing less than 500 workers. The term " plant" is not limited to manufacturing organizations but embraces such others as mercantile, mining and transportation. These small plants utilize the services of the principal part of the 41 million gainfully employed persons in the country. An exact distribution of workers in manufacturing establishments by size of manufacturing enterprist is recorded by the current census.


Human community has outgrown breaking the laws of the nature. This has caused serious threat to the nature and hence to the human community itself. Day to day activities of the man creates different kind of waste materials. These materials are thrown in the surroundings, which creates unpredictable damage to the environment. The matter of management of waste has prime priority in sustainable development. In this paper we mainly discuss various characteristics of waste management systems such as efficiency, sufficiency and consistency. A waste management system is developmental if it generates employment and income to the country. We develop some mathematical models which to ensure the efficiency and developmental characteristics of the waste management systems.


The technique and results of experimental research of fatigue strength of rubber-cord branch pipe gate valve on number of cycles of opening / closing are given in the article. It is shown that the lifetime of rubber-cord branch pipe gate valve by 2 3 times exceeds the life time (500 -5000 cycles), guaranteed by the manufacturer of analogs metal gate valve with the rubberized wedge, and it grows with the increase in diameter of a branch pipe.


Embelin,a small molecule XIAP(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) inhibitor,can inhibit the expression and activation of XIAP,thereby removing the antiapoptotic ability of XIAP and resulting in apoptosis process smoothly.This study is attempt to explore the mechanism of the inhibition to hepatocarcinoma cell Bel-7404 growth by Embelin.After treated with different-concentration of Embelin,the morphological change,formation of apoptotic bodies,cells viability,cell apoptosis and the apoptosis-related protein expression in Bel-7404 cells were assessed by fluorescence microscope,Hochest33342 staining,MTT assay,Annexin Ⅴ/PI flow cytometry and Western blotting et al.The results indicated that Embelin remarkably inhibited human hepatocarcinoma cell Bel-7404 growth.Further experiments found that the mechanism of tumor cell growth inhibition by Embelin was due to the cell apoptosis with the activation of caspase apoptotic pathway and blockage of NF-κB signal pathway.The studies laid a base on the further treatment of human hepatoma carcinoma by using Embelin.


A method for determining higher order thermal coefficients for electrical and thermal properties of metallic interconnect materials used in semiconductor fabrication is presented. By applying inverse modeling on transient electrothermal three-dimensional finite element simulations the measurements of resistance over time of polysilicon fuse structures can be matched. This method is intended to be applied to the optimization of polysilicon fuses for reliability and speed.


This study compared the arsenicosis cases and frequency matched controls in Bangladesh by some selected socio-demographic characteristics, drinking water related characteristics, perceived health problems, and blood chemicals. From four arsenic contaminated villages of a district in Bangladesh, 117 cases (male=55, female=62) and 120 controls (male=56, female=64) based on age and sex are selected for analyses. Arsenicosis cases were selected using the criterion of having either melanosis or keratosis at the time of survey. Various information relating to above-mentioned characteristics were collected from both cases and controls including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hemoglobin, total bilirubin and random blood sugar. We approached 138 cases and 142 controls for blood collection, of which 117 (84.8%) and 120 (83.3%) gave complete information. The mean age (± standard deviation) of the cases and controls was 46.0 (± 16.2) and 45.2 (± 13.9) years respectively. Among the cases, rate of having melanosis and keratosis were 93.2% and 73.5% respectively. Cases reported significantly: less education, higher single marital status, higher mud based floor material, less TV ownership, less TV watching daily, worse perceived health status, higher dissatisfaction by daily activities, higher abnormal result of the arsenic test and red painting (arsenic contaminated) status of the tubewell than controls. Cases also reported significantly higher health problems such as conjunctivitis, losing hair, chronic cough, problem in the eye and ear, weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite and depression than controls. Mean total bilirubin and AST were significantly higher among cases than controls. The logistic regression model- adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, occupation, smoking status, watching TV daily and perceived health status- showed that arsenicosis was positively associated with the highest quartile of bilirubin (OR=4.84; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.51-15.52) and AST (OR=2.94; 95% CI= 1.15-7.52). Results suggest that arsenicosis cases are associated with poor socio-economic and health status as well as with liver dysfunction. However, these findings should be validated by further studies with large number of subjects.


The development of technology in the field of Science and Technology is increasing which causes all actions and things used in life not to be separated from technology. This development triggers the appearance of change of an old system with a newly created system. One development that is trending is microcontroller technology which can now be used in all aspects of the environment. This development will create an automatic lamp prototype that can save electricity in a room, thereby reducing the waste of electricity usage from State Electricity Company (PLN). This prototype approach uses a human movement detection sensor with a Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor which is then integrated with the Arduino Uno microcontroller as the control center of the sensor. In addition to the PIR sensor, there is also a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor or also commonly called a light sensor that functions as a determinant of the light intensity needed in the room, so that the use of controlled lights is in accordance with the intensity of the room's light. In addition, there is a GSM Sim 900A which is used as a notification in the event of a use of electricity outside the sensor controller.


Background
The seizure-count time series data acquired from three children with refractory epilepsy were used in a statistical modelling analysis designed to provide an explanation for the marked variation in seizure frequency that often occurs over time (over-dispersed Poisson behaviour). This was motivated by an expectation that a better understanding of the spontaneous shifts in seizure-activity that are observed in some cases should reduce the risk of over-treatment caused by inappropriate changes in medication. Methods
The analyses were performed using Poisson hidden Markov models (HMMs), both Bayesian and non-Bayesian, implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo and the expectation-maximisation algorithm, respectively. A defining feature of the models, as applied to epilepsy, is the assumed existence of two or more pathological states, with state-specific Poisson rates, and random transitions between the states. Posterior predictive simulation was used to assess the validity of the Bayesian HMMs. Results
The results are presented in the form of state transition probability and Poisson rate estimates (i.e., the primary HMM parameters), together with information derived from these primary parameters. State-specific mean-duration (sojourn time) estimates and sojourn-time complementary cumulative probability distributions are the main focus. HMM analyses are presented for three children that differed markedly in their seizure behaviour. The first is characterised by an extreme seizure count on one occasion; the second underwent a spontaneous decrease in seizure activity during the observation period; the third seizure-count time trajectory is characterised by a gradual change in mean seizure activity. We show that, despite their considerable differences, each of the observed seizure-count trajectories can be treated adequately using an HMM. Conclusions
The study demonstrates that clinically relevant information can be obtained using HM modelling in three cases with markedly different seizure behaviour. The resulting subject-specific statistics provide useful clinical insights which should aid those engaged in clinical decision making.


Objective
To understand the antigenicity and genetic characterization of influenza B virus HA gene in B/Victoria-lineage virus (BV) in Beijing during 2017-2018.

Methods
Thirty BV virus strains isolated from MDCK cell culture by 17 laboratories in Beijing were collected. The antigenicity was analyzed by comparing with the vaccine strain recommended by WHO. The total viral nucleic acid was extracted and HA gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by HA and mutant sites were analyzed.

Results
Among 30 strains of BV, 23 strains (76.7%) were low-reactive strains, other 7 strains (23.3%) were related to the vaccine. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HA gene of all 30 strains located in Clade 1A branch. In addition, amino acid mutations occurred in 8 sites, and 6 of them located in the antigen determining region.

Conclusions
There was a correlation between the high proportion of low-reactive antigenicity and 6 aa variation in antigenic determinants involved in HA region of BV influenza virus between 2017-2018, which provides an important laboratory basis for the recommendation of BV influenza vaccine.

Key words:
Influenza virus; Antigenicity; Genetic characterization; Vaccine recommendation


Tax systems vary widely among countries, or in the cases of the US or Germany, among lower levels of government as well. There is some consensus that taxes among neighboring countries should be harmonized, or at least that the rates should be fairly close, to prevent distortions in trade. On the other hand, tax competition in the form of various tax concessions to attract new businesses is also common. In the US, a number of States have come to agreements to harmonize rates or otherwise cooperate, but more do not make any attempt to deal with the effects of differing rates. The EU is currently discussing harmonization of direct taxes while indirect tax rates still vary widely. Countries and lower levels of governments do not willingly give up their right to set tax rates, regardless of the possible effects on trade. This paper will briefly consider the recent history of tax harmonization and competition in the US and Europe. This will be followed by an examination of the current situation in Croatia and neighboring countries. The scope for competition and/or need for harmonization will be explored. Comparison tables of taxes and rates in the US, EU, Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Yugoslavia and BiH will be included.


People in wheat-cultivating areas of China are more individualistic and analytical than those in rice-cultivating areas. [Also see Research Article by Talhelm et al.] By the late 18th century, the earliest tremors of the industrial revolution were beginning to shake England. Fueled by a stream of innovations related to textiles, transportation, and steel manufacturing, this eruption of economic growth would soon engulf northern Europe, spread to Britain's former colonies, and eventually transform the globe. For the first time, humanity would be sprung from the Malthusian trap. The question of why this revolution first emerged in northern Europe remains one of history's great questions. If you stood overlooking the globe in 1000 CE, the most obvious candidates for igniting this engine were perhaps in China or the Middle East, but certainly not in Europe. Addressing this question, researchers have pointed to differences in geography, institutions, religions, and even genes (1, 2). On page 603 of this issue, Talhelm et al. (3) take an important step forward by fingering psychological differences in analytical thinking and individualism as an explanation for differences in innovation, and then linking these differences to culturally transmitted institutions, and ultimately to environmental differences that influence the feasibility of rice agriculture.


Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of uterine adnexal cysts and masses is not an uncommon procedure, since it helps in planning surgery for adnexal lesions. This case is a rare insight into a dilemma encountered in the interpretation of fine-needle aspirates from a uterine adnexal cyst, when the needle entered an unintended target, despite it being an intraoperative aspiration, and the pathologist is unaware of the error. Therefore, this article portrays an example of a diagnostic trap in fine-needle aspirates from para-ovarian cysts or masses. A 32-year-old Iranian lady presented to the emergency with lower abdominal pain with referred pain to the shoulder, and vaginal spotting. Her LMP was 6 weeks prior to the date of presentation at the clinic. Ultrasonography confirmed a diagnosis of left tubal ectopic pregnancy. The b-hCG level was 18 934 IU/ml. She was posted for an emergency salpingectomy. Intraoperatively, a uterine adnexal cyst was discovered that was not reported radiologically. The cyst was aspirated and the fluid was sent to cytology. The history that accompanied the sample read "Aspirate from paraovarian cyst." Smears were prepared and stained with Wright Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains. Cytological examination revealed a highly cellular aspirate consisting of numerous complex, branching papillary structures compatible with chorionic villi (Figure 1A,B). The villi showed central mesenchymal, cellular myxoid, and spindle stroma surrounded by trophoblastic cells (Figure 2). Adherent as well as detached from the mesenchymal stroma were numerous clusters and sheets of trophoblastic cells. Three types of trophoblasts were identified including cytotrophoblasts characterized by monolayer sheets of monotonous population of small to medium-sized epithelioid cells with rounded central nuclei and conspicuous nucleoli (Figure 2). In addition, numerous three-dimensional clusters of intermediate trophoblasts were seen, the majority of which were detached from the chorionic villi and characterized by large pleomorphic cells with enlarged overlapped ovoid nuclei having F IGURE 1 A, Low power view showing complex papillary structures compatible with chorionic villi having central mesenchyme and adherent trophoblastic cells (arrows) (Wright Giemsa, ×40). B, Low power view showing complex papillary structures compatible with chorionic villi having central mesenchyme and adherent trophoblastic cells (arrows) (Papanicolaou, ×40) [Correction added on August 27, 2019 after first online publication: text revision made.] Received: 7 February 2019 Revised: 25 May 2019 Accepted: 25 June 2019


Increasing competition in the legal market forces law firms to rely on qualified human resources, unique marketing and specialised business development strategies in order to stand out and grow further in their respective market. This book focuses on the role and methodology of specialised business development to become a key competency of a law firm. Business development is crucial for law firms but it is a challenging task due to the specific features of the sector. This specialised business development distinguishes law firms from other service companies since lawyers tend to see themselves as the unique business developers and it seems to be difficult for them to accept business development professionals, who have no legal education, as valuable business support. A literature research, a well prepared survey and interviews with Law firm and BIG 4 Senior Partners will provide insight on this problematic from different perspectives and will be the basis for recommendations how business development can be organised in law firms.


The chili industry chain in Guizhou province was investigated and analyzed in view of the serious problems on value promotion,logistics improvement and information communication in the development of advantageous chili industry in Guizhou province.The problems in chili chain extension can be solved by intensifying infrastructure construction and science and technology input,speeding the reconstruction of service-oriented government function,expanding distribution channel,perfecting laws and regulations so as to provide favorable conditions for the transformation and promotion of chili industry in Guizhou province.


By consulting the methods and experience of the developed countries in epidemic disease monitor and control as well as early warning and predict for many years, we have tailed and investigated some typical epidemic diseases and designed a kind of digital monitor and control system for some major animal epidemic diseases. In this system, the attribute data have been combined with GIS, the people can search some special maps for epidemic disease regions, epidemic disease intensities and some epidemic disease and some epidemic disease accidents etc. in computer. It is very important for government to make monitor and control decision.


Some new considerations and developments of the performance diagram of trays (PDT)were briefly described.Some new ideas of constructing PDT were put forward in which the operating limitations were based on hydraulic limitations and mass transfer restrictions. The former was a necessary condition for normal hydraulic operations inside distillation column,and the latter belonged to a sufficient condition for high mass transfer efficiency guaranteed. Thus, the effects of various limitations or restrictions of trays on the distillation column operations could be clearly defined and reliably determined.The method of the feasible stable range(FSR) was presented for the case of frequent variations of feed conditions.The suitable X/Y coordinates of the PDT were also discussed.


A masked randomized clinical trial was conducted in 93 neonates who received the first bath with chlorhexidine (experimental) (n=44) or neutral liquid soap (control) (n=49). Three samples were collected for culture from the neonates' right axilla skin before bath, 30 min and 24 h after bath. Immediately before bath, Staphylococcus aureus colonization prevalence was 10.2% (n=5) in control and 4.5% (n=2) in the experimental group (p=0.74). 30 min after bath, S. aureus prevalence was 20.4% (n=10) in control and 2.3% (n=1) in the experimental group (p=0.017). 24 h after bath, S. aureus prevalence was 36.7% (n=18) in control and 13.6% (n=6) in the experimental group (p=0.021). There was no occurrence of sepsis in the first month in both groups. In conclusion, a first bath with chlorhexidine reduced S. aureus colonization on the newborn's skin in a 24-h period.


Supplemental digital content is available in the text. BACKGROUND While limb salvage does not result in improved functional outcomes among patients with a mangled lower extremity, the impact of attempted limb salvage on mortality and complications is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between attempted limb salvage and in-hospital outcomes among patients with a mangled lower extremity. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults, 16 years or older, with a mangled lower extremity. Data were derived from the American College of Surgeons' Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2012–2017). We compared mortality, complications (severe sepsis, acute kidney injury [AKI], decubitus ulcers) and length of stay between patients managed with the intention of limb salvage (amputation beyond 24 hours or no amputation) and those who underwent early amputation (within 24 hours of presentation). Instrumental variable analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between management strategy and outcomes. RESULTS We identified 5,527 patients with a mangled lower extremity, of which 901 (16.3%) underwent early amputation. Among those managed with attempted limb salvage, 42.5% underwent amputation prior to discharge. After adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, there was no association between initial management strategy and mortality (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–1.74 early amputation vs. attempted limb salvage). Early amputation was associated with lower odds of AKI (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39–0.88) and a trend toward shorter length of stay (relative risk, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.52–1.14). CONCLUSION Over half of patients who sustain a mangled lower extremity undergo amputation during their initial hospital course. While a limb salvage strategy is associated with an elevated risk of AKI, there is no association between attempted limb preservation and mortality. These findings suggest that in patients in which there is no clear indication for early amputation, attempts at limb salvage do not come at the cost of increased mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level IV.


Introduction: Scientific evidence shows how ICG sensibility and specificity is comparable to 99Tc, and in many Breast Units ICG has become the gold standard for sentinel lymph node detection. Aim of this study is a cost-effectiveness analysis of the sentinel lymph node detection pathway using ICG, compared to the 99Tc one.
Materials and methods: 291 patients received a 99Tc injection the day before surgery and an ICG one in the OP day. As in our hospital a Nuclear Medicine Department does not exist, patients had to undergo an adjunctive travel in order to receive Technetium. We calculated costs of the whole Technetium procedure as like as the costs of the ICG one.
Results: The overall amount of costs of the Technetium injection has been equal to 450363,62€. The ICG pathway has had an overall cost of 98668,7€, equal to a 21.9% of the Technetium expenses.
Discussion: According to the Law, Technetium may be managed only in a Nuclear medicine department. This is the reason why Patients undergo a sometimes long travel to reach one. This traffic represents a cost for Patients and a work overload for the hospital structures. Indocyanine green allows to avoid a travel to the Nuclear Medicine and to spare a big amount of costs.


Diwa theory has made a lot of contribution to metallogeny and has developed into an international geotectonic-metallogenic theory. The most outstanding contribution of diwa theory to metallogeny is that a new metallogenic unit, diwa metallogenic regions, is carved up from crustal gcotectonic-metallogenic units. It is a new type of geotectonic—metallogenic region, being juxtaposed with geosynclinal and platform regions. Therefore it widens the field for ore exploration, points out a new way for studying metallogeny and achieves remarkable success. The another outstanding contribution of diwa theory to metallogeny is the concept of polygenetic metallogeny and polygenetic compound ore deposits. Professor Chen Guoda in his paper 《Polygcnetic Compound Ore Deposits and Their Orion in the Context of Regular- ities in Crustal Evolution》 pointed out that this type of deposits is characterized by "five manys" : many metallogenic tectonics stages, many material sources, many ore-forming processes, many genetic types and many ore controls, and that it is the synthetical result of polystage metallogenesis. The theory has been applied to studying mineral depositswhose genesis is contentious, solved many academic problems which are debated endlessly over many years and pointed out new ways for ore exploration and study. As a result of the wide use of diwa theory, the age of diwa metallogenic regions is extended from the Late Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the past to the Proterozoic and Early Palaeozoic now, and their spatial distribution from Asia, Europe and Africa to North America, South America and Australia. Diwa theory has deepened metallogeny, and many fields remain to be probed. A grand goal and a concrete plan have been claborated. Ⅰ am sure that greater success may be scored in diwa thoery in future.


Family size biogas plants in rural India are fed with 1: 1 mixture of cattle dung and water as substrate. Regular feeding of many of those plants is of ten suspended due to scarcity of water during summer season, rendering the plants non-operational. Besides inconvenience in mixing water and cattle dung, the watery digested slurry discharged from the biogas plants normally requires lot of time and space for drying before transportation to fields for use as manure. The fixed dome type family size biogas plant design has been modified for feeding of cattle dung in solid-state (total solids contents 16–18%). The modified plant has been found working well throughout the country except hilly regions.


An analysis of different sequences for the reconstruction and targeting of underwater sonar images is presented. The sonar images are assumed to be sparse, and their reconstruction is possible by using the compressive sensing theory. The goal is to localize and reconstruct targets by using an iterative version of the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method. The sequences which are used as the transmitted signal waveforms are formed with: the Alltop sequence, the M sequence, a random Gaussian sequence, a binary random sequence, the Zadoff-Chu sequence, and the Bjorck sequence. The comparison of the reconstruction results is done for various numbers of samples in the sequences and sparsity levels. An analysis of the performance for each of the sequences in various noise levels is done as well. Percentage of successfully detected targets is used as a performance measure.


Isometric modification, as a new modification method of spur bevel gear was proposed. Based on the gear geometry theory and the normal meshing motion equation of gear pairs, changes of meshing points and angles are analyzed and the effect of axial modification on gear pair meshing movement is discussed, and then dynamics emulation analysis was operated with FEA software, the results show that the stress distribution of gear surface was controlled by isometric modification, the load concentration, agglutination and pitting of the gear can be avoided effectively.


Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can produce treatment‐related effects, which may mimic tumour progression. Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) offer the potential to provide a more consistent approach of diagnosis with improved accuracy. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of machine learning models to differentiate treatment‐related effects (TRE), consisting of pseudoprogression (PsP) and radiation necrosis (RN), and true tumour progression (TTP).


Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is one of the most common arthroscopic orthopedic procedures performed worldwide. A high number of clinical and subclinical re-tears exist post procedure, particularly in the subset group of large (>3cm) to massive tears and revision tears (Agrawal 2012; Galatz et al. 2004; Djurasovic et al. 2001; Burkhart et al. 2007). Advances in RCR over the past two decades have nearly eliminated failures related to implant failure. Currently the most common mechanism of failure lies in suture "pull through" at the suture-tendon interface (Mirzayan et al. 2019; Ponce et al. 2013; Ma et al. 2006). The addition of rotator cuff augmentation has seen significant growth, with improved outcomes rates compared to non-augmented repairs. However, each of the most commonly used synthetic and biologic augmentation options have drawbacks. We describe the current overview of RCR augmentation and introduce a novel bio-composite scaffold featuring a highly porous type I collagen scaffold reinforced with bio-resorbable poly(L-Lactide) (PLLA) microfilaments. This scaffold is intended for the reinforcement of soft-tissue repair and uniquely combines bio-inductive properties with load-sharing strength.


This article examines a biosocial model of the impact of puberty on indigenous girls' early-onset substance use by considering the potential mediating role of peer context (i.e., mixed-sex peer groups and substance use prototypes) on the puberty and substance use relationship. Data include responses from 360 girls of a common indigenous cultural group residing on reservations/ reserves in the upper Midwest and Canada. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that the statistically significant relationship between girls' pubertal development and early-onset substance use was mediated by both mixed-sex/romantic peer groups and favorable social definitions of substance use. Implications for substance use prevention work include addressing the multiple and overlapping effects of peer influence from culturally relevant perspectives.


A compact model of the biased dual-gate GaAs pHEMT device is proposed. The biased dual-gate pHEMT is considered as one macro unit to simplify the model and facilitate simulation. We derive the model based on analytical formulation and represent it with a simplified circuit containing only eight elements. The extrinsic elements are extracted using improved open-short method with a larger frequency range than traditional method. The simulated S-parameters based on the proposed model agree with the measured results well up to 40 GHz for 0.25 um dual-gate GaAs pHEMT devices. In addition, the large-signal model is constructed with a new empirical drain current model. A 2.4 GHz power amplifier (PA) is designed using the proposed model, and the measurement results agree well with the simulation.


Introduction The use of a tensor to describe diffusion in anisotropic tissue such as white matter or cardiac muscle is predicated on the assumption of Gaussian diffusion (I, 2). The diffusion may, however, exhibit non-Gaussian behavior if the diffusion is restricted (3), or if there is slow exchange between partial volume components containing Gaussian diffusion. The 6 gradient direction sampling typical of standard tensor imaging experiments cannot resolve such spatially non-Gaussian diffusion, and thus higher angular resolution sampling is required. Here, we show that sampling the apparent diffusion coefficient at higher angular resolutions provides evidence for non-Gaussian diffusion in human brain white matter regions containing heterogeneous fiber orientations (4).


ABSTRACT Objective: To continue our previous investigations, we have extensively investigated the function of the 61, 41, and 35 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genes encoding DNASE1, DNASE1L3, and DNASE2, respectively, potentially relevant to autoimmune diseases. Methods: The site-directed mutagenesis was employed to amino acid–substituted constructs corresponding to each SNP. The COS-7 cells were transfected with each vector and DNase activity was assayed by the single radial enzyme diffusion method. By using PolyPhen-2, changes in the DNase function of each non-synonymous SNP were predicted. Genotyping of all the non-synonymous SNPs was performed in 14 different populations including 3 ethnic groups using the polymerase chain reaction followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: Expression analysis demonstrated these SNPs to be classified into four categories with regard to the effect on DNase activity: SNPs not affecting the activity level, ones reducing it, ones abolishing it, and ones elevating it. In particular, 9, 5, and 4 SNPs producing a loss-of-function variant of the enzymes in DNASE1, DNASE1L3, and DNASE2, respectively, were confirmed. SNPs producing DNase loss of function can be estimated by PolyPhen-2 to be "probably damaging" with a high accuracy of prediction. Almost all of these functional SNPs producing a loss of function or substantially low activity-harboring forms exhibited a mono-allelic distribution in all of the populations. Conclusion: A minor allele of functional SNPs, despite the remarkably low genetic heterogeneity of the SNPs, might be a genetic risk factor for autoimmune diseases.


ABSTRACT Occupational Health and Safety is a work in order to safeguard workers are always in safe and healthy workplace for doing the job. K3 must be implanted in the workers themselves in order to have a good perception of the K3 and safe behavior at work. This research was conducted at production workers. PT. Sumpratama Juru Engineering Medan in 2015 to find out how much the correlation between perception on K3 and their behavior in K3 on workers. Type of analytical research using cross sectional design. Total population 63 production section consists of 4 units, 25 person panel unit, 10 person painting unit, 20 person wiring unit, and 8 person quality control, a sample of 39 people, sampling using simple random sampling technique taken from the 4 units. Data was collected by interview using a questionnaire to determine the worker's perception and observation using observation sheet to determine the behavior of workers. To know the great correlation between independent variables with the dependent variable Spearman statistical test. Research results obtained, category K3 safe behavior was found in both categories of perception as much as 19 people (48.7%), lack of perception as much as 4 people (10.3%). Meanwhile, the K3 categories unsafe behavior found in the perception of both categories of 7 people (17.9%), and lack of perception as much as 9 people (23.1%). The test results obtained statistically significant correlation between the perception of health and safety with the behavior of K3 P-value = 0,010, and the magnitude of correlation between perception of health and safety with K3 behavior (r) = 0.405, the value of (r) showed a moderate and patterned positive. This means that the better the perception of safety and health then the better the behavior of workers K3.


It is evident that the teaching of a skilled job in the Hispanic world followed a tradition of the Hispanic world, inherited from the Middle Ages, although the specific circumstances of this era caused certain alternations in this teaching process. Many of those jobs were promoted by the Spanish in the light of the new needs created, which in some cases were unknown to the Indians, like that of blacksmith, pan-mender, etc. In general, the process was that of a learner, official and teacher. These jobs did not always meet the needs of each situation. In some cases because in the Andean world the indigenous organizational tradition was taken advantage of for certain jobs. An effort to exemplify all this is made with what happened in the territory, which is now Colombia, which at that time was divided into the New Granada and Quito.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Cvcas revolute Thunb extract(CTE) on apoptosis of tumor cell line,A549 cells,and the possible mechanism.Methods: A549 cells were incubated with different concentrations of CTE,and the inhibition of cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay.The CTE-induced apoptosis was observed by Gimsa staining,fluorescent staining,flow-cytometry(FCM),and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.The mRNA expression of Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 was detected by RT-PCR.Results: CTE exhibited antiproliferative activity in dose-and time-dependent manners.After treatment with CTE,morphological examination showed typical apoptotic bodies.Agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated a characteristic ladder-like pattern of DNA fragmentation.FCM showed subdiploid peaks before G0/G1 phase.The cells in G2-M phase were arrested and the apoptosis rate was 34.37%.CTE also up-regulated Bax mRNA expression;and down-regulated Bcl-2 and caspase-3 mRNA expression.Conclusion: CTE induces apoptosis of A549 cells,and the possible mechanism may be associated with the change of apoptosis-related gene expression in cancer cells.


Gas-wetting agent can be used to change from liquid-wetting to gas-wetting to remove water blockage. In this paper, the fluorinated acrylate polymer is synthesized with the fluoromonomer and acrylic acid, and the dopamine is grafted into the acrylate polymers, then the gas-wetting alteration agent with strong adhesion performance is obtained. The successful incorporation of dopamine is confirmed by FTIR, XPS and UV-visible spectrum. Moreover, it is investigated by contactangle analysis that the results show that the copolymer changes the wettability of rocks from liquid-wetting to gas-wetting. The liquid imbibitions of gas/water and water/oil systems, after treatment by spontaneous, are decreased from 59% and 53.9% to 38.9% and 48.1% respectively. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the treated rocks surface has excellent washing resistance.


My goal in this essay is to convey a sense of the broad territory covered by researchers whose work reflects various multicultural perspectives on literacy. Proponents of multicultural education generally consider the key cultures (also called subcultures or microcultures) to be ethnicity or national origin, class, primary language, gender/sex, religion, age, geographic region, urban-suburban-rural, and exceptionality (Gollnick & Chinn, 1990). In a sense, any study addressing any of the variables listed above, in any combination, could be labeled a multicultural study. However, in my view such a broadly inclusive use of the term would not adequately convey the concerns of most researchers who consider their work to be multicultural. Specifically, most of these researchers are concerned with issues of social justice and with improving conditions in schools for students of diverse backgrounds. From this point of view, most researchers with a multicultural perspective tend to focus on issues related to ethnicity, social class, primary language, and gender. The term students of diverse backgrounds is used here to refer to students within the United States whose ethnicity is African-American, Asian-American, Hispanic-American, or Native American; who come from poor and working-class families; and who speak a primary language other than standard American English (Au, 1993). Students of diverse backgrounds may be contrasted with students of mainstream backgrounds. The latter tend to lead more privileged lives, have greater access to what Delpit (1988) calls the culture of power, and generally achieve higher levels of literacy in school (Au, 1993). An adequate treatment of gender issues and of feminist perspectives on literacy is-beyond the scope of this essay. The use of the term ethnicity here is not based on the suspect biological factors typically associated with the term race (Lieberman, Stevenson, & Reynolds, 1989). Instead, ethnicity refers to groups with shared histories and cultural knowledge, for example, African Americans or Chinese Americans. Anthropologists and other social scientists who work with the concepts of ethnicity and culture acknowledge


Implicit conjunction is a language phenomenon where cohesion and coherence between sentences or paragraphs is achieved not through explicit conjunctive markers,but through language contexts and meaning. In translating English texts into Chinese,implicit conjunctions often cause difficulties in comprehension and translation. To solve this problem,a translator should try to find the deeper meaning of words and sentences,and adopt the following five translation strategies based on language contexts,meaning and characteristics of the Chinese language:retaining implicit conjunction in the source texts,changing implicit conjunction into explicit conjunction,using non-conjunctive words to express conjunctive meaning,changing implicit conjunction covered by a explicit conjunction into explicit conjunction.


Humans learn through interaction with their environment. The most important components of the environment for learning are other humans and their artefacts. Historically learning has been seen as acquiring knowledge and storing it away for future use. However, more recent views have suggested that learning is more about making connections and that, in a world where information is constantly changing and increasing, capacity to learn through making and using connections to other people may be more important than what we actually know. Where once our social connections, and access to learning, were limited by capacity to travel for direct contact or by the speed with which correspondence could be exchanged, modern information and communication technology enables essentially instant communication with people anywhere on the planet. This chapter explores some implications of these changes for how educators approach the facilitation of learning in an age of global information networks.


In this paper, it is proved that the principle of level surveying is uncertainty, formula of level surveying varies with selection of horizontal surface and level surface, formula of level surveying doesn't vary with placement of level, and the principle formula of level surveying of college surveying is explained reasonably. Finally, I advise to study all results of humans level surveying based on my paper to find some new and exciting results.


Although electroplated hard chromium coatings were extensively studied and applied in industry, the properties of the coatings after annealing at different temperatures were investigated insufficiently. In this work, the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical, tribological, and structural properties of chromium coating, electrochemically deposited on 38HN3MFA steel were investigated. A specific bath composition and deposition parameters were selected, which has been compared to the literature data. Parameter selections were based on data from military research industry and contain noticeably lower amount of sulfuric acid (1.2[Formula: see text]g/L), CrO3 (180[Formula: see text]g/L) and lower current density (25[Formula: see text]A/dm[Formula: see text]. Coefficient of friction and coatings wear rate were measured by means of ball-on-disc method at the temperature of 30[Formula: see text]C, 200[Formula: see text]C, 500[Formula: see text]C, and 700[Formula: see text]C. The coefficient of friction has decreased from 0.71 for the temperature of 30[Formula: see text]C to the value of 0.5 for 700[Formula: see text]C due to the change of wear mechanism. Hardness of the as-received coating reaches the value of 11.4[Formula: see text]GPa and 9.5, 8.3, 6.4[Formula: see text]GPa for the samples after annealing in the temperature of 200[Formula: see text]C, 500[Formula: see text]C and 700[Formula: see text]C, respectively. The influence of heat treatment on structural properties of electroplated Cr coatings was studied by X-ray diffraction. Scratch test showed that layer is characterized by excellent adhesion with no adhesive rupture. Cr-coated 38HN3MFA steel exhibits reduced susceptibility to high-temperature degradation by 25%, basing on the mass lost measured at 900[Formula: see text]C.


The invention relates to the field of compound fertilizers, relates to a special slow-release synergistic high-yield compound fertilizer for grapes. The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-18 parts of potassium sulfate, 28-32 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-12 parts of humic acid, 15-17 parts of chicken manure, 7-8 parts of duck manure, 5-8 parts of bean cake, 10-12 parts of grass carbon, 6-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 4-5 parts of polylactic acid, 1-3 parts of poly(butylene succinate), 6-8 parts of boron magnesium fertilizer, 5-8 parts of bamboo shoot shell, 2-3 parts of plantain, 1-2 parts of EDTA disodium, 1-3 parts of nano carbon, 2-4 parts of pig hair fine powder and 4-5 parts of assistant. The compound fertilizer contains multiple organic matters and rich minor elements, can provide sufficient nutrients, and is capable of effectively improving the soil environment, loosening the soil and avoiding hardening; and technically, the polylactic acid and poly(butylene succinate) are molten and coated on the nano carbon, pig hair powder and boron magnesium fertilizer to achieve the effect of prolonging the fertilizer efficiency. The compound fertilizer has the advantages of long fertilizer efficiency period, low loss tendency of effective components and efficient fertilizer locking capacity, greatly simplifies the later-period fertilizer application link, and has obvious effects of yield increase and income increase.


This paper is written in the context of Information Warfare being a serious and direct threat to our nation's security. The National Security Council defines such threats as ones that endanger our national goals and objectives. In general, these include threats to the lives of American citizens and residents, threats to our economy, and threats to our ability to promulgate freedom, liberty, and the rule of law to the world. It is in our national interest to stop a terrorist organization from bombing the World Trade Center. It is equally important to our national interest to prevent Information Warriors from shutting down or threatening our essential financial, health, or quality of life infrastructures. Winn Schartau, as well as many others, has made the point that Information War threatens our national security every bit as much as conventional war [14]. We will not restate those arguments here but proceed with the assumption that they are true. This paper then, represents a thought experiment on a grand scale. What we propose is considered by many to be a drastic departure from present policy and law. 1 We readily acknowledge that certain laws and policy would have to be changed in order to implement some proposed actions necessary to meet the threat of Information Warfare. We do not advocate or recommend that action be taken based upon the suggestions contained herein until such time as our nation's policy and laws do change. We are not advocating or recommending any illegal action. We are recommending reconsideration of the laws and policies such that we are not restricted to fighting a "no-win" war.


Kit for treating fabrics, comprising: a) a fabric washing composition comprising an amount of 0.1 to 100ppm first shading dye and anionic cleansing surfactant; and b) a fabric treatment composition, which contains up to 9ppm, preferably in an amount of 0.5 to 8ppm second shading dye and fabric treatment active agent; and instructions for washing the fabric and the fabric treatment product for use with a product; wherein the fabric washing composition and the fabric treatment compositions are present the total amount of shading dye is 0.2 to 105? ppm; and wherein the ratio of the first and the second shading dye shading dye is from 1.5: 1 to 50: 1.


Objective To evaluate the preventive effects of dezocine on emergence agitation from total intravenous anesthesia in children undergoing post-adenotonsillectomy. Methods Sixty children,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 3-7 y,were equally randomized into 2 groups: dezocine group( group D) and normal saline group( group C). Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 μg / kg,propofol 2. 0 mg / kg and cisatracurium 0. 15 mg / kg followed by endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 9-15 μg·kg- 1·min- 1and remifentanil 0. 05-0. 20 μg·kg- 1·min- 1through infusion pump. Dezocine 0. 1 mg / kg or saline in equal volume was intravenously injected groups D and C,respectively,15 min before the end of surgery. The operation time,extubation time,modified Aldrete score immediately after admitted to postanesthesia care unit( PACU) and residence time at PACU were recorded. Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium( PAED) and modified children's hospital of eastern ontario pain scale( mCHEOPS) were recorded every 10 min in the first 30 min in of PACU,and the adverse reaction within 6 h after surgery was recorded. Results Compared with group C,PAED scores at immediately,10 min and mCHEOPS scores at every time point after admitted to PACU were decreased in group D( P 0. 05). There was no significant difference in extubation time,modified Aldrete score immediately after admitted to PACU and residence time at PACU between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the adverse reaction within 6 h after surgery between the two groups. Conclusion Dezocine 0. 1 mg / kg given intravenously 15 min before the end of surgery is effective on the prevention of emergence agitation without delayed recovery and extubation time and increased adverse reaction in children.


Investigation on the hydrography and fish fauna were undertaken from a period of February to September, 2012 at selective locations in river Baitarini, Jajpur. Twenty eight species of fish belonging to six orders, eleven families and nineteen genera were collected. Order Cypriniformes was most dominant constituting 33.33% followed by Siluriformes (30.3%), Perciformes (12.12%) and others like Mugiliformes, Osteoglossiformes and Synbranchiformes. Of the total fish species Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu, Ompok pabda, Puntius sophore, crustaceans (Macrobranchium rosenbergii and Macrobranchium malcolmsonii) were abundantly found. Results of hierarchical clustering using group average linking for water quality parameters revealed two main clusters of stations based on similarities/dissimilarities of physicochemical hydrological parameters.


Due to the reliable feedrate fluctuation and computation load of the existing parametric curve interpolation, a fast interpolation method by cubic B-spline for parametric curve is presented which results in a minimum feedrate fluctuation and light computation load. As there are many geometry implementation tools and many good properties in the B-spline compared with the polynomial, the relation between the arc length s and curve parameter u can be fitted by the cubic B-spline accurately. Because the feedrate fluctuation of the generally used Taylor approximation method is sensitive to the curvature of the toolpath, its accuracy cannot be controlled. For a given feedrate fluctuation of 0.05%, the proposed interpolation method can guarantee the error requirements by increasing the number of the control points. After the de Boor method is applied in real time, the computation load of the cubic B-spline interpolation is decreased compared with the Taylor approximation method and higher order polynomial-fitting method. In order to save the memory consumption for storing the parameters of the fitted cubic B-spline, an iterative optimization process is applied to obtain the knot vector elements and optimize the control points. Simulations and experiments show that the interpolation method can attain high accuracy and computation efficiency. According to the simulations, for most of the complex curves, the feedrate fluctuation of the proposed interpolation method is decreased by about 50% when the feedrate is scheduled and the computation load of the proposed method is decreased by about 70% compared with the second-order interpolation method.


In the context of requests for provisional measures, the link requirement has not attracted much scholarly attention and might be regarded as raising limited controversy. However, this article argues that the link is an unnecessary requirement for granting provisional measures by the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. First, the function which the link purports to fulfil is already fulfilled by other requirements (i.e., prima facie jurisdiction, plausibility and real and imminent risk of irreparable prejudice). Second, if the link is understood as requiring provisional measures to be tailored to the rights of which protection is sought, the ICJ and ITLOS have the power to indicate measures different from those requested. One may suggest that the link therefore emerges as an unnecessary requirement which overburdens provisional measures proceedings.


We consider a large population of globally coupled noisy phase oscillators. In the thermodynamic limit N→` this system exhibits a nonequilibrium phase transition, at which a macroscopic mean field appears. It is shown that for large but finite system size N the system can be described by the noisy Stuart-Landau equation, yielding scaling behavior of statistical characteristics of the macroscopic mean field with N. The predictions of the theory are checked numerically. @S1063-651X~99!03802-7#


The postulate that single roots of Zea mays transport their absorbed phosphorus nonuniformly to the leaves was tested. Plants were grown under growth chamber conditions for three to four weeks in nutrient solution. At this stage of growth a series of plants was placed into a system in which two roots on each plant were allowed to absorb either 33P or 32P from uptake solutions for time intervals of up to 24 hours. Plants subsequently were harvested such that each leaf was partitioned into samples containing tissue from one side or the other of the midrib. All samples were assayed for 33P and 32P and the results were expressed as the amount of total P transported into different plant parts from a single root.

Nonuniform P accumulation in the leaves occurred and different patterns of accumulation, dependent on the type of root chosen for uptake were observed. Nearly uniform P accumulation occurred between one side and the other of a given leaf when transport was from radicle roots. In marked contrast, transport from adventitious roots resulted in an alternating pattern of accumulation between one side and the other of each successive leaf up the stem. The seminal root system supplied more P to the older leaves than did the adventitious root system. The nature of these nonuniform P transport patterns is attributed to the vascular organization between roots and leaves.


THIS RICHLY ILLUSTRATED INTRODUCTION to the world of the Bible begins with chapters describing what the Bible is: Old Testament/Hebrew Bible, Apocrypha, and New Testament. Volume one also includes a section describing the types of literature to be found in this collection and a chronological layout of the events mentioned in the Bible, augmented by other sources and evidences. Volume two deals with institutions (including languages, warfare, arts, law, and religious practices), biblical personalities (a select few), and religious ideas. It ends with sections on biblical translations and interpretation today.


In this paper, we propose a method based on a long short-term memory network (LSTM) to predict the rise and fall of a stock market index, and we select the data of CSI 300 from 2016 to 2020 as the research object of this paper. In this paper, the prediction problem of the index is transformed into a multi-classification problem by doing a multi-valued quantitative classification of the up and down ranges. As for the input of the model, we take the basic trading information of the stock and a variety of derived technical indicators as the feature for the model's training, and finally, we make the multi-classification prediction of the rise and fall of the stock. The experimental results show that the model achieves a high prediction accuracy of 78% in the case of multiple classifications. In addition, several comparison models are built in this paper to study the effects of different feature engineering methods on prediction accuracy, so there are some innovations in feature construction. It is concluded that filtering the features before dimensionality reduction can achieve better performance results. Finally, we compare the method proposed in this paper with other traditional machine learning models and conclude that the LSTM model in this paper yields better results while using the same training and test sets.


It is very important to motivate the students in learning Chinese.I think teachers have to improve our theory level, and motivate the students by the mutual motions in and out of the classroom in practice,then make the students study on their own initiative.


The split quartic Cayley algebra is a structurable algebra which has been used to give constructions of Lie algebras of type D4. Here, we calculate its group of automorphisms, its algebra of derivations and its gradings.


The Savannah River Site has enriched uranium (EU) solution which has been stored for almost 10 years since being purified in the second uranium cycle of the H area solvent extraction process. The concentrations in solution are approximately 6 g/L U and about 0.1 M nitric acid. Residual tributylphosphate in the solutions has slowly hydrolyzed to form dibutyl phosphoric acid (HDBP) at concentrations averaging 50 mg/L. Uranium is known to form compounds with the dibutylphosphate ion (DBP) which have limited solubility. The potential to form uranium-DBP solids raises a nuclear criticality safety issue. Prior SRTC tests (WSRC-TR-98-00188) showed that U-DBP solids precipitate at concentrations potentially attainable during the storage of enriched uranium solutions. Furthermore, evaporation of the existing EUS solution without additional acidification could result in the precipitation of U-DBP solids if the DBP concentration in the resulting solution exceeds 110 mg/L at ambient temperature. The same potential exists for evaporation of unwashed 1CU solutions. As a follow-up to the earlier studies, SRTC studied the solubility limits for solutions containing acid concentrations above 0.5M HNO3. The data obtained in these tests reveals a shift to higher levels of DBP solubility above 0.5M HNO3 for both 6 g/L and 12 g/L uranium solutions. Analysis of U-DBP solids from the tests identified a mixture of different molecular structures for the solids created. The analysis distinguished UO2(DBP)2 as the dominant compound present at low acid concentrations. As the acid concentration increases, the crystalline UO2(DBP)2 shows molecular substitutions and an increase in amorphous content. Further analysis by methods not available at SRS will be needed to better identify the specific compounds present. This data indicates that acidification prior to evaporation can be used to increase the margin of safety for the storage of the EUS solutions. Subsequent experimentation evaluated options for absorbing HDBP from solution using either activated carbon or anion exchange resin. The activated carbon outperformed the anion exchange resin. Activated carbon absorbs DBP rapidly and has demonstrated the capability of absorbing 15 mg of DBP per gram of activated carbon. Analytical results also show that activated carbon absorbs uranium up to 17 mg per gram of carbon. It is speculated that the uranium absorbed is part of a soluble U-DBP complex that has been absorbed. Additional testing must still be performed to 1) establish absorption limits for uranium for anion exchange resin, 2) evaluate desorption characteristics of uranium and DBP, and 3) study the possibility of re-using the absorbent.


In the modern industrial and commercial development, financial support is an indispensable need. The bank is thus an extremely important factor in this context and as far as possible it should reflect the new techniques and forms in its appearance.
Frequently outdated installations have to be altered or renovated as in this case, where it was necessary to design a new cash department.
The architects created a representative picture of an entire banking organisation. Consequently, they were of the opinion that the renovations should not be restricted only to the cash department, but they should also be extended to the remaining details, which would result in an entirely new picture of a bank.
According to this concept about 70 renovations and new construction works were carried out with a great variety of design though still within the framework of the original project, which proved to be valid in every respect.


The process of human-induced forest fragmentation increases the degree of isolation and causes biodiversity loss. Abrupt changes occur mainly near the edge of the fragment, where the average temperature is relatively higher and the humidity is lower. However, some natural environmental characteristics, such as higher air moisture in riparian areas, may buffer or minimize the edge effects. Here, we studied how the edge effect may affect ant species diversity and functional composition on valleys dissected by small streams (mesic areas). We categorized ant assemblages into the functional groups based on foraging, nesting habits, natural history information, and phylogeny. Ants were sampled using pitfalls and the Winkler extractor in ten riparian plots in a fragment of the Central Amazon. We individually fit the ant species richness, occurrence, and composition against two edge measures: forest edge distance and road-building distance. We recorded 99 species/morphospecies. Forest edge distance and road-building distance did not influence the occurrence and number of ant species per plot but were related to ant species composition. Moreover, there was not a clear pattern between functional groups distribution, except by leaf-cutters and generalist omnivorous species. Our results suggest a limited effect of forest edge distance and road-building distance on ant diversity


The invention discloses a method for preparing an animal feed by utilizing waste residue of sisal and agave hemp. The fresh leave juice of the sisal and agave hemp or dry residue after juicing is adopted to prepare the animal feed. The wet residue after hard fibers are scraped from the leaves of the sisal and agave hemp is squeezed to obtain the fresh leave juice, the fresh leave juice is filtered and concentrated until the total solid content is 30 to 50 percent, and then the fresh leave juice can be used as the animal feed and combined with other feeds for application. The dry residue after the fresh leave juice is obtained by squeezing is heated and dried to obtain the animal feed. The waste after the hard fibers are extracted from the sisal and agave hemp is utilized to prepare the animal feed, and the fresh leave juice and the dry residue are fully utilized, so a raw material source with huge resources, good quality and low price is provided to the feed industry. The method radically solves the problem of environmental pollution in the process of processing the sisal and agave hemp, and has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient industrial production and low production cost.


Studies of dynamic phenomena in arrays composed of oscillatory and chaotic elements are very important in such investigations as they provide a universal model for phenomena observed in other domains. From the middle of previous decade, the investigations of the spatiotemporal dynamics in cellular neural networks have been widely carried out, and many papers have been published. The obtained sound results are pattern formations and various forms of autowaves such as excitability waves, concentration waves and so on, which have been observed in many disciplines ranging from biology to physics and chemistry, etc. Up to the present, the CNN arrays, which are composed of Chua's oscillators [2]-[4], second nonlinear circuit obtained by the suitably "reducing" Chua's circuit [5] and etc. [6][7] have been mainly considered in order to generate these phenomena. A common technique in all these cases is almost using CNNs to approximate the various types of nonlinear partial differential equations, especial the well-known reaction-diffusion equations that have shown to generate Turing pattern and propagation phenomena in various continuous media. The purpose of this paper is to investigate another class of spatio-temporal phenomena occurring in a simpler CNN structure mutually coupled two-layer CNNs. We found that this type of propagation phenomena has the properties of reflection, permeation, superposition and etc., which are completely different from those nonlinear propagation phenomena. In particular, the conditions for generating the classical wave will be discussed.


Detailed discussions of mass reversal in the quantized field theory are given. The construction of the mass reversal operator M is possible and the explicit form IS given. It is shown that the mass reversal operation does not imply the hypothetical reversal of the sign of the intrinsic mass of the elementary particle, but the change of the direction of the intrinsic spin relative to the momentum for the spinor field. One result of this operation on the interaction Hamiltoman IS to forbid the mixing of the couplings with and without derivatives for the pion-nucleon mteraction. It seems natural to take the mass reversal as a new fundamental invariance (symmetry) prmciple other than those hitherto investigated. Several attempts have been suggested to explain the seemingly paradoxical facts between the copious productions of the new particles and their metastabilities by introducing the new quantum numbers as many as required. As the other approach to this problem, we may try to discover the physical laws from all the possible invariance principles in the framework of the present field theory and then determine which physical laws, accordingly which invariance principles, should be discarded and which ones should be reserved or generalized. It will be worthwhile for this approach to deduce the selection rules, which restrict the interactions among the new particles, from the investigation of the symmetry properties of physical laws with respect to mirage, charge-conjugation, etc., or to find out the superselection rules, as W atanabe1l has summarized in his review articles. In this respect the mass reversal recently proposed by Tiomno2> in c-number theory will be investi gated in detail in the framework of the quantized field theory. In Tiomno's paper, mass reversal is supposed to -reverse the sign of the explicit masses and the masses of boson field operators and to interchange the large components with the small ones for the spinor field. As the spinor field has no classical analogue and further the mass reversal does not hold in the classical mechanics, we cannot determine whether his opinion is allowed in c-number theory or not. However, if we attempt to pass from c-number theory into q-number theory with Tiomno's interpretation of mass reversal, there appear some ambiguities concerning the mass reversal for the spinor field. This situation makes us to take another interpretation of mass reversal for spinor field than Tiomno's. The charge conjugation is usually understood as the exchange of two real " charge


Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is always a huge demand for novel anticancer. New series of pyrazole, pyridine, thiazole derivatives containing sulfonamide moiety were prepared and screened for their antitumor activity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The results of this investigation revealed that compounds 3 and 8 had a significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 cancer cell line with IC50 values 19.2 and 14.2 µM, respectively, in relation to the standard drug, doxorubicin.


This paper gives a broad outline of a major generator electrical refurbishment/plant life extension programme undertaken in connection with the four 500 MW generating units at Liddell Power Station in New South Wales - Australia. To enable a rolling refurbishment programme to be undertaken a spare generator rotor was purchased from GEC Alsthom Ltd and installed into Liddell's Unit 1 generator in November, 1990. The refurbishment of the fourth rotor (a spare rotor) remains to be carried out. The refurbishment programme was carried out, following a competitive tendering process, by the original equipment manufacturer GEC Alsthom Ltd on behalf of the generating authority Pacific Power.


Creating fine tuned and stable systems is very important and requires use of a list of testing tools that analyze various resources (like GC logs, heap dumps, native memory, etc). Due to the nature of those tools, this kind of analysis can only be performed by a small group of expert users that have high technical skills. In this paper we present an approach for expert tool development in the field of performance testing. The result of this approach is the creation of GcLite tool, an expert tool for analyzing garbage collection logs. A case study was carried out in a real industry environment showing the benefits to a number of testing teams. The benefit of the tool is that it allows a wider range of testers to carry out expert analysis.


In this study, effects of intake scavenge port designs and exhaust valve opening profiles were studied on the scavenging process in a newly proposed two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine by detailed three-dimensional engine simulations. As the most important geometric parameters, the axis inclination angle and swirl orientation angle of scavenge ports, as shown in Figure 1, were investigated and optimized for best scavenging performances at first. With the optimal axis inclination angle of 90° and swirl orientation angle of 20°, various combinations of scavenge port opening timing, exhaust valve opening duration and exhaust valve opening timing were then analysed. Four distinct scavenging periods, that is, early backflow period, backflow scavenging period, main scavenging period and post backflow period, were identified and their impacts on the in-cylinder flow motions and scavenging performances were investigated. The results show that the optimal scavenging performance can be achieved with a higher delivery ratio, charging efficiency and scavenging efficiency when the post backflow is just avoided by tuning the difference between the closing timings of scavenge ports and exhaust valves (Δ close ) and the overlap between the opening profiles of scavenge ports and exhaust valves (Δ overlap ) for a specific exhaust valve opening duration. A longer exhaust valve opening duration can be used to further improve the scavenging performances. In addition, the difference between the opening timings of scavenge ports and exhaust valves (Δ open ) can be increased to improve scavenging efficiency. The Δ close also shows strong positive correlation with in-cylinder swirl ratio and negative correlation with tumble ratio. The results presented in this study provide the fundamental knowledge of the scavenging process in the uniflow scavenged two-stroke engine and assist the design of scavenge ports and valve strategies to optimize in-cylinder flow motion and scavenge performances in the two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct injection gasoline engine with a variable valve actuation system for exhaust valves.


Objective: To observe clinical effects and the mechanism of composed Kushen injection combined with FOLFOX4 adjuvant chemotherapy protocol on advanced gastric cancer.Methods: Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were cultured in normal condition or with additional different concentration of matrine.Proliferation levels and apoptosis levels of the cells were tested by MTT and flow cytometry respectively.Forty-eight patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups: control group(21 cases,FOLFOX4 adjuvant chemotherapy) and combined therapy group(27 cases,FOLFOX4 adjuvant chemotherapy combined with Kushen injection).The effect and toxic reaction of FOLFOX4 alone and FOLFOX4 combined with Kushen injection on the patients with advanced gastric cancer were observed and compared between the two groups.Results: At cell culture level,MTT analysis indicated that matrine could inhibit proliferation level of SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner,which was mediated by induction of cells apoptosis.In clinical observation,there was no significant change in total effective rate between the two groups(P0.05).Additionally,there were significant decreasing of severity of nausea,leucopenia and thrombocytopenia between combined therapy group and control group.Conclusion: FOLFOX4 adjuvant chemotherapy combined with Kushen injection protocol induced only milder toxic reaction.The protocol may also improve total effective rate of advanced gastric cancer,and matrine might play a role by inducing the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.


Taking the elements of Chinese designing style as the starting point,it analyzed the essence and origin of localized designing.Combined with the actual marketing case,it stated the value of localized designing and the further necessity and feasibility.On the basis of the theoretical framework,it promoted a principle that localization in product designing should center on the certain culture and the designing methods to realize localization.Furthermore,it then proofed its ideas through some designed examples.


OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of RGD liposome inhibiting metastatic B16 melanoma colonization in murine lungs.METHODS The RGD liposome was injected with melanoma cells through tail vein.B16 melanoma colonies in murine lungs were checked.RESULTS RGD liposomes effectively inhibited experimental and spontaneous lung metastasis of B16 BL6 melanoma ( P 0.01).CONCLUSION RGD liposome inhibited new growing tumor by causing apoptosis of its new growing blood vessel endothelial cells.


This paper analyzes representation, re-presentation, and representin' of disability experience in the visual form of graphic novels and comics. Research on the representation of disability in graphic novels and comics is reviewed. Several graphic novels for students in grades K-12 that feature protagonists with disabilities are analyzed. Finally, research with pre-service art teachers concerning the impact of reading these graphic novels and producing comics focused on the topics of inclusion, diversity, and empathy is presented.


Background It is not yet known whether the years after peak height velocity (PHV) are associated with the physiological mechanisms of muscle strength and power in Juniors rowers. Objective To identify the association between years post PHV (YPPHV) with muscle power and strength in Juniors rowers. Methods We tested 235 Brazilian rowing athletes (male: 171, female: 64, Juniors category). We measured: power (indoor rowing over 100-m, 500-m, 2,000-m and 6,000-m) and muscle strength (one repetition maximum (1RM) test in squat, deadlift, bench press and bent row on the bench). Biological maturation was index by age of PHV. The sample was divided into groups considering YPPHV recent (2.5 to 3.9), median (2.51 to 4.9) and veteran (>4.9). We use a Baysian approach to data handling. Results When compared to their peers in the recent and median post PHV groups, the male veteran group were superior in muscle power (Absolute: 100-m (BF10: 2893.85), 500-m (BF10: 553.77) and 6,000-m (BF10: 22.31). Relative: (100-m (BF10: 49.9)) and strength (BF10≥10.0 in squat, bench press and deadlift), and in the female the veteran group were superior in test time (500-m, BF10: 88.4). Conclusion In elite Juniors rowers the increasing YPPHV are associated with muscle power performance in both sexes and muscle strength performance in males.


This article examines the diaphanous career of a few boys described as "musicians" and singers in the sources relating to Nouvelle-France. The bits of information that have been collected on these young men with no history make it possible to identify some of the motivations that led them to the colonies between 1660 and 1730, at a time when everything had yet to be built, if not consolidated, on the institutional level. Beyond this aspect, which is still little known in colonial cultural micro-history


Abstract Simon (2010:187) notes that the purpose of co-creative community projects is "to give voice and be responsive to the needs and interests of local community members; to provide a place for community engagement and dialogue; and to help participants develop skills that will support their own individual and community goals." This paper explores the role that co-creation currently plays in digital public archaeology and discusses how co-creative methods can inform broader archaeological digital engagement efforts. It begins by placing co-creation in its proper context in order to demonstrate its unique characteristics, its value, and how it complicates approaches used in other types of archaeological engagement projects, such as Open Access initiatives. The discussion then turns to evaluating its impact and the broader need to measure success in digital public engagement projects. A discussion of research from the archaeology and the cultural heritage sectors provides examples of evaluation metrics and methods for assessing digital public archaeology projects. The paper concludes by suggesting that all digital engagement projects can benefit from incorporating some of the principles that are inherently part of co-creative methods but that not all archaeological digital engagement projects should strive to be completely co-creative.