Ultra-high temperature ceramics are the ideal materials for extreme conditions owing to their very high melting points and good thermo-mechanical properties at high temperatures. For these reasons, they are widely known as materials for aerospace applications. This paper presents a comparative spectral characterization of zirconium, hafnium, and tantalum carbides ultra-high temperature ceramics for concentrating solar power applications. Room-temperature reflectance spectra have been measured from the ultraviolet wavelength region to the mid-infrared band. Using these spectral properties, the ceramics were evaluated as sunlight absorbers in receivers for high-temperature thermodynamic solar plants.


Adolescence is an important stage for parental attitudes and parental attachment style may affect each other. In this study, university students were comparatively analyzed in terms of their perceptions about their parents' attitudes and their parental attachment styles. The sample of the study consists of 214 female and 187 male students from a university in Turkey. In order to measure children's perceptions of their parents' attitudes as well as children's demographic information, the researchers were prepared the 'Personal Information Form' and was implemented into the classroom settings. In addition, in order to measure attachment styles, the 'Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Short Version (IPPA-S) was used. Participants were asked to complete The Parental Attitude Scale (PSC) in order to determine the adolescents' perceptions of their mothers and fathers attitudes. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way ANOVA were used. Findings indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the adolescent perceptions of maternal and paternal style and parental attachment styles. Authoritative parenting style had more secure attachment than other three parenting styles (authoritarian, permissive/indulgent and negligent). Also, it had better results than the other three parenting styles for both maternal and paternal attachment sub-scales.


This article describes a method of judging the performance of an economy of a member country of the European Community relative to the performance of the rest of the Community. For the purpose of illustration the article contains an application to the Dutch economy during differently composed coalition governments. First, developments of seven objective indicators are examined. Secondly, three subjective indicators are presented: a left, a centre and a right indicator. It appears that judgements of economic developments are not necessarily positive (or negative) if the colour of the subjective indicator corresponds (or opposes) the colour of the coalition government in office.


both UAS and UAS7 are continuous measures ranging from 0 to 6 or 42, respectively, and it is difficult to establish beyond any doubt in real life at which point a disease can be considered 'severe', 'moderate' or 'slight'. In the study appearing in this issue of the British Journal of Dermatology, a group of renowned urticaria experts from Germany, Spain and the U.K. supported by professionals and representatives of pharmaceutical companies investigate whether transforming the continuous UAS7 score into five categories of disease state (absent, well-controlled, mild, moderate and severe; UAS7 scores of 0, 1–6, 7–15, 16–27, 28–42, respectively) may be of help in the clinical assessment of the disease and in evaluating the response to treatment in patients with CSU. To this end the authors used the data from the three well-known randomized phase III clinical studies of omalizumab in CSU, and established different cut-off points of the continuous UAS7 scores in the function of two existing QoL measurement systems as well as of sleep and daily activity interference, angio-oedema, and rescue use of antihistamines. It turned out that the five categories of disease state were able to discriminate clearly and in a statistically significant way different levels of disease activity and of response to the treatment. The different categories showed a consistent pattern: a higher disease activity was associated with significantly higher frequency of angio-oedema and a higher impact on QoL. Further, the results at different treatment time points were consistent. Based on these results the authors conclude that using these five categorical disease states may make the management of CSU simpler. Of course, whether this type of categorization will stand the test of time or will meet with the appreciation of practical doctors dealing with patients with CSU in everyday life has to be seen. What remains is the feeling that progress in our understanding of CSU pathogenesis, and in management of this difficult disease is moving on.


Web 2.0 was added to the complex vocabulary of the Internet in the first decade of the new millennia. It is a nebulous term which has been used to describe some of the most prominent recent entrepreneurial ventures of the Web; social networking such as MySpace and Facebook, user generated video with YouTube, the micro blogging service Twitter, and virtual worlds such as Second Life. The term, however, is controversial being described as "hype" by the founder of the Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee. This article analyses what Web 2.0 means in the entrepreneurial context, drawing on a range of examples. The paper identifies a lack of revenue streams in Web 2.0 as a fundamental problem, drawing parallels with the dot com boom. A further contribution of the paper is the connection made to the rivalry of Google, Yahoo and Microsoft, who have provided exit opportunities for Web 2.0 entrepreneurs and funders, in the absence of a Web 2.0 IPO market.


A method for evaluating the thickness of biofilm in a reactor biofilm supported membrane (MSBR) of the type comprising an internal passage containing a gaseous phase, a liquid phase and a membrane permeable to gases that provides an interface between the gas phase and the liquid, the method comprising the steps of: - loading the internal passage in an inert gas. - closing the internal passage to establish an initial elevated pressure in the internal passage; - measuring the speed of pressure change within the lumen; and - correlating the rate of change of pressure (dP / dt) with the thickness of the biofilm.


The invention discloses a lubricator storage and transport rack which is characterized by comprising an underframe, oil cylinders, at least one row of pipe holders and connection rods. The lower ends of the pipe holders are hinged to the underframe, the bottom of each pipe holder is longitudinally provided with a plurality of positioning columns, and a plurality of pipe clamping grooves corresponding to the positioning columns are longitudinally arranged on the top of each pipe holder. Cylinder block ends of the oil cylinders are hinged to the underframe, and piston ends of the oil cylinders are hinged to the pipe holders. The connection rods are connected with the pipe holders in multiple rows and hinged to each pipe holder, each connection rod, the adjacent pipe holders and the underframe form a four-link mechanism, and the top of the pipe holder in the middle is symmetrically provided with two arc-shaped pipe clamping grooves. The lubricator storage and transport rack has the advantages that the rack is simple in structure and convenient in transport, a lubricator mounting mechanism can be folded during transport to guarantee compact transport of lubricators, the pipe holders can be unfolded through the oil cylinders when the lubricators are in use, and accordingly operation efficiency is greatly improved.


UML statechart based models are being used extensively during software development to describe state behavior of components and systems. However, often designers produce state models that are essentially finite state machines rather than statecharts, lacking hierarchy and concurrency. Also for legacy code, reverse engineering efforts lead naturally to finite state machines rather than statecharts, necessitating a model transformation at a later stage. We propose a method to automatically convert an FSM model to an equivalent statechart model. Our experimental studies indicate that the statechart model results in significantly reduced structural complexity on the average compared to the original FSM models.


The advent of ACOs will reshape healthcare delivery, however, the commercial market is positioned to drive the revolution much faster.


Abstract : Biochemical and physiological indices of stress showed that the level of stress of 16 air traffic controllers at the Houston Intercontinental Airport Tower was indistinguishable from that of control populations. While the level of stress was lower than that among O'Hare Tower controllers, both groups showed about the same degree of adaptation. Day work (heavy traffic load) at Houston was characterized by elevated levels of all stress indicators as compared with the mid-shift (light traffic); epinephrine excretion increased significantly during the last half of the mid-shift as compared with the first half. Urinary stress indicators (17-ketogenic steroids, epinephrine, norepinephrine) were all significantly elevated during day sleep as compared with night sleep, indicating less effective rest during day sleep. (Modified author abstract)


Introduction: Dental students are facing complex problems during the COVID-19. So, it is important to assess their knowledge, risk perception, attitude, vaccination, measures taken for prevention by the dental students. Objective: Assess awareness, attitude and risk perception among dental students, COVID 19 scenario. Methodology: A questionnaire-based survey is drawn in an online form, comprising of 19- variable, structured, multiple choice questions, and respondents are under graduate and post graduate dental students. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Results: Total 105 responses, 45% under graduate, 55% post graduate students. More than 50% responded, dentists are more exposed than other health professionals, at high risk for infection. 45% are aware of all COVID-19 symptoms. 44.4% worried to return for dental clinical activities.74.7% took preventive measures in clinical. 64% received general information about biosafey measures to COVID-19 without any practice. 50% agreed treating vaccinated patients reduced risk for transmission and 70%, dentists play major role in educating patients. Conclusion: Dental students revealed good knowledge regarding COVID-19, they accepted this uncertainty by taking all the measures to prevent being infected.


The core of Youngsan's ministry and spirituality is "the hope in the cross of Jesus Christ." Youngsan asserts that we can sing a song of hope in this desperate world only through the cross of Jesus Christ. He has proclaimed the spiritual hope to the people who are living a vacant life, the hope of health to the sick, and the hope of holistic salvation to the poor and the weak both domestically and abroad. For Youngsan, the cross is the place in which we meet God, and have a new life. Moreover, at the cross, we are to be filled with the Holy Spirit. In addition, thanks to the cross, we are to be healed from diseases, and be released from poverty and curses. Furthermore, the cross is the place of hope anticipating the second coming of Jesus Christ. For Youngsan, the cross is a comprehensive concept which includes resurrection and the second coming of Jesus Christ as well as the suffering of Jesus. As stated earlier, in the theology of Youngsan, the cross is the place (topoj or topos) in which we meet Jesus Christ again today, who "already" came to this world, forgave the sins of human beings, and provided the hope of resurrection. Furthermore, it is the place in which we meet Jesus Christ now in advance, who will come again - i.e., who has not come yet. We Christians who live in the "present" should live a dynamic present life among the tension between the past of "already" and the future of "not yet." Christians find the absolute hope in God even among their suffering by voluntarily participating in the suffering of the cross that Jesus Christ bore. For the Christians, the faith in the cross is the faith that makes them deny themselves, and have Jesus Christ live in them. Furthermore, faith in the cross is the faith that sings the hope of resurrection, and that declares the eschatological victory. It also spreads the echo of the sharing of love and happiness all over the world. Those who have experienced the grace of the cross of Jesus Christ, therefore, must go forward singing the hope of God in any situation.


avoid coagulation within the perfused devices. Routine cardiopulmonary bypass for heart surgery, using standard equipment nowadays, still requires full systemic heparinization. The latter is equivalent to the extremely pathological condition of complete incoagulability of the blood. The consequently required high doses of protamine to achieve so-called 'heparin neutralization' are well known for their severe side effects. 1


The study was conducted to measure bird species diversity at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary from 2009 to 2011. The objective of the study was to identify avian diversity and main threats to them in the sanctuary. Data were collected by direct census method. In total, 58,598 bird species belonging to 53 families and 171 species were recorded. Density of the birds was 6.9 birds per hectare. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H´) was 3.39, whereas Simpson's Diversity Index (D) was 0.93. According to local occurrence status, there were 12 species ranked as very abundant, 19 abundant, 62 very common, 16 common and 41 fairly common. There were, however, 7 species, in each category, recorded as uncommon, rare and very rare. Seasonal occurrence observed for different bird species revealed; year- round residents 42%, summer breeders 7%, winter migrants 38% and passage migrants 13%. Five dominant species with their relative abundance included; Fulica atra (13.3), Bubulcus ibis (12.28), Egretta garzetta (11.46), Aythya ferina (8.9) and Corvus splendens (5.8). A decreasing population trend in 14 species was found by regression analysis. Main threats identified to survival of birds were; habitat degradation, pesticide usage and il legal hunting. The species richness and composition are important parameters for stability and functioning of an ecosystem, therefore, there is urgent need to protect avian diversity by protecting natural habitat of the area.


The history of Europe of 1933–1945 was very important and had a significant influence on painting of American artists of American abstractionism. This term – American abstractionism or New York abstractionism, although inexact and somewhat confused, currently is a constant term in the terminology of history of art. Taking this kind of art into consideration from the time between 1933 and 1945, recalling the special titles of art works and the context when they were created: Mark Rhotko's numbered, gray, brown and black murals which he painted for Manhattans Seagram Building in the fifties or his black and brown pictures for Huston Chapel in Texas form the seventies as well as Barnet Newmen's fourteen canvas titles The Stations of the Cross: Lema Sabachthani and Frank Stella's minimalist canvas titles Arbeit macht frei (1958), The Polish Village Series and the cycle of twenty four paintings which he created in his adolescence time, considering their comments and biography we have to understand this art as the historical art. These three artists of American expressionism – Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and Frank Stella, whom this article is devoted to – refer in some pictures to the catastrophe of Shoah. They give evidence of this cruel time by the image, ostensibly without formal coincidence, they attempt to express unimaginable. They want, to some extent, to force us to imagine what the hell of Shoah was like.


This article looks at the selection and preoperative assessment of patients for day surgery and includes a discussion of the 'ideal' anaesthetic for day surgery. The NHS has a target of 75% of all elective procedures being performed in the day case setting (defined as stays of under 24 hours) and day case surgery in the UK has grown as a result of economic pressure, limited resources, and modern medical techniques so that the British Association of Day Case Surgery now recommends more than 200 operations as day case procedures. A successful service revolves around selection criteria for patients and procedures, with the correct procedure being coupled to the correct patient. Suitable surgical and anaesthetic techniques must be employed aiming to minimize postoperative morbidity especially postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The use of analgesic premedication, supplemental local anaesthesia, delicate tissue handling, and positive psychological reinforcement will help this, as will using techniques that minimize postoperative pain (including that from airway devices) and have a minimal 'hangover' effect.


Purpose: Operating room nurses' hand-off during surgery is inevitable, and it is very important to ensuring continuity of nursing care. This study aimed to identify the status of operating room nurses' intraoperative hand-off. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The data were collected through structured questionnaire from March 12 to April 30, 2018. Participants were 251 operating room nurses from 6 university hospitals. Results: The mean scores of importance and appropriateness of and satisfaction with hand-off were 4.82±0.39, 3.65±0.56, and 3.32±0.50 respectively. During the operation, nurses need to hand-off and assist the surgeon at the same time, which was the important cause of the inappropriate hand-off. The importance of hand-off had a significant positive correlation with appropriateness (r=.17, p=.002) and satisfaction (r=.18, p=.004), and there was significant positive correlation between appropriateness and satisfaction (r=.43, p<.001). In addition, the recipient's work difficulty had a significant negative correlation with the appropriateness (r=-.14, p=.005) and satisfaction (r=-.35, p<.001). Conclusion: A standardized hand-off method is essential to ensure the continuity of operative nursing and improve the nursing practice. Future research is needed to examine the effectiveness of the intraoperative hand-off protocol.


Abstract : All sample batches of hexahydro-(2-methylcyclohexyl) carbonyl)-1-H-azepine, Candidate Insect Repellent AI3-35770, produced moderate to severe primary irritation of the intact skin and of the skin surrounding an abrasion. This lesion was characterized by a palpable thickening of the skin, hyperkeratosis, with eventual sloughing of the application site. Ethanol solutions of these chemicals were moderately irritating to the intact skin, and did not produce as severe a response as the technical chemicals. Washing the skin with soap and water, 6 hours after application, of either the technical chemical or ethanol solutions did not reduce the severity of dermal irritation.


In this study,we designed AFLP(Amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers associated with important agronomic traits using 91 BC1F2 plants derived from an interspecific cross between Gossypium hirsutum cv.CCRI 8 and G.barbadense cv.Pima 90-53.Ninety-one rows of BC1F2:3 plants were grown in the fields at Baoding suburban,Qingxian County,Hebei Province,China.The rows were scored for five yield traits-lint percentage,seed weight,boll weight,lint weight,and seed cotton weight,and five fiber quality traits-2.5% span length,micronaire,fiber uniformity,fiber elongation,and fiber strength.To provide a theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection,correlations between molecular markers and agronomic traits were tested by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis.Based on the regression analysis,125 loci from 20 AFLP primer combinations were correlated with the 10 measured traits,although the correlations were only significant(P ≤0.05,P ≤0.01) for 15 loci from 4 primer pair combinations.In addition,six loci were associated with 6.2%-30% of the phenotypic variability observed in nine traits.Our results indicate that these AFLP markers should be useful for molecular marker-assisted selection in future cotton breeding.


Shrinking,wire breaking,and leak because of uneven deformation are the major forming defects of wire-mesh screen parts.The forming of simple and complicated wire-mesh screen parts was discussed separately.Simple parts could be formed efficiently through conventional die structure and fractional steps to fully release the elastic deformation.In order to avoid the leak and wire breaking defects to obtain qualified parts with complicated shape,proper forming direction should be chosen and the exact unfolded forming size should be calculated with the method different from theoretical one,and die structure with refined working steps should be adopted.


After several years of gradual rapprochement and pragmatic engagement, EU-Belarus relations hit rock-bottom after rigged presidential election in December 2010 and the subsequent violent crackdown of opposition protests by the Belarusian regime. The ensuing 'cold war' between the West and Belarus reached its peak in February/March 2012. In response to the extension of EU sanctions, the Lukashenka regime had requested the Polish and European Union ambassadors to leave the country. All EU member states then recalled their ambassadors to Minsk. Rather than moving closer to the EU, Belarus currently appears to drift towards closer relations with the Russian Federation. Following the economic crisis which hit Belarus in 2011 the worst since its independence in 1991 the country's managed economy is more than ever depended on Russia for the provision of loans, subsidies on energy supply, and access to the regional market. The parliamentary elections in Belarus on 23 September 2012 are a test for the success of the EU's sanctions policy, but also for the future course of EU-Belarus relations: Quo Vadis Belarus, and where next for EU policy towards Belarus? Belarus' financial crisis: Severe, but not severe enough for political change?


[Objective]To investigate the effects of productive noise on the cardiovascular system of young workers.[Methods]Occupational health examination was performed on young workers with noise exposure from 2008-2012 in Nanning CDC.The examination results of blood pressure and ECG were analyzed.[Results]The prevalence of hypertension was 4.89%;and the rate of abnormal ECG was 9.39%.The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in male and workers with longer service length than in female and those with shorter service lengthen(χ2 = 9.830,P 0.01;χ2 = 25.119,P 0.01).abnormal electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia,bundle branch block,arrhythmia,premature beat,sinus tachycardia,ST-T change in order.The ratio of sinus bradycardia and bundle branch block was respectively higher in male than that in female(χ2 = 4.628,P 0.05;χ2 = 9.606,P 0.01).The ratio of arrhythmia,ST-T change and premature beat was respectively higher in female than that in male(χ2 = 3.888,P 0.05;χ2 = 8.735,P 0.01;χ2 = 4.244,P 0.05).The ratio of arrhythmia was higher in group of 15-24 years than that in group of 25-34 years(χ2 = 6.732,P 0.01);while the ratio of sinus bradycardia was opposite order(χ2 = 3.893,P 0.05).[Conclusion]Long term exposure to noise can make adverse impact on the cardiovascular system of young workers.


Both proponents and opponents of the 150 semester-hour accounting education requirement have used utilitarian arguments to justify their position. This paper takes a different approach. It begins with a brief review of the utilitarian arguments that have been made regarding the 150 semester-hour requirement, then proceeds to apply rights theory to the question. The paper concludes that the 150 semester-hour requirement is a bad idea because it violates rights.


Linear tolerance analysis is a well studied problem with its most important tools being the Worst Case, the Root Sum of Squares and the Six-sigma methods. Concerning nonlinear tolerance analysis, more general approaches are needed. In this paper, we will address the Delta method whose Root Sum of Squares method is a particular case and the Monte Carlo method. Since the tolerance analysis issue is closely linked to cost optimization, we will formulate a minimization problem with equality and inequality constraints. To solve it, we will use the Lagrange Multipliers method and a barrier algorithm. Concerning the objective function, we will use classical models which embody the intuitive idea that tighter is the tolerance, the higher the associated cost. It will also be mentioned a way to solve this minimization resorting to cubic splines that interpolate a cost-tolerance table. At last, the tolerance analysis methods and optimization algorithms will be applied to a real problem as well as make some numerical simulations.


Background PBDEs are class of "brominated" (bromine containing) man-made chemicals used as flame retardant additives in plastics, foams and textiles since the 1970's. They are found in numerous consumer applications such as furniture, electronic appliances (e.g. TVs and computers), electrical wiring, car interiors, soft furnishings and carpets. There are a total of 209 individual forms (congeners) of PBDE, which differ in their number of bromine atoms and their pattern of bromination (where the bromine atoms are attached). There are three commercially produced PBDEs, all of which are actually mixtures (formulations) named after the constituent which predominates in the mixture. These are penta-BDE (where the predominant constituent has five bromine atoms), octa-BDE (eight bromine atoms) and deca-BDE (ten bromine atoms). Pentaand octa-BDE are now banned in the EU, but deca-BDE is still widely used. Demand for flame retardants has increased due to fire safety standards in consumer products and PBDEs are produced and used worldwide on a large scale (Peters, 2006) Deca is particularly used on upholstery textiles and curtains in Britain and the Republic of Ireland, which both have strict fire safety regulations. The global demand for PBDEs was estimated to be almost 70,000 tonnes in 2001, with deca-BDE accounting for almost 80% of the total market (Bromine Science and Environmental Forum, from Peters, 2006).


A multilingual country such as India with numerous languages and dialects provides fertile grounds for evasive language crimes. From threat letters to ransom demands, the scope of crime is huge. The cases of illegal immigrants have only added to the fragility of international boundaries especially, during political upheavals. This leads to further vulnerability of society and also creates challenges for the police and law enforcement agencies towards timely intervention. The purpose of the study is to exhibit dialectal variation in Indian English by comparing two varieties. The current paper is based on the acoustic analysis of Indian English spoken by two distinct groups with different mother tongues. Ten native speakers of Hindi and Bangla were recorded in an anechoic chamber. A phonetically balanced passage was selected to be read. The analysis is based on Native Language Influence Detection (Perkins Grant, 2018) to derive acoustic phonetic correlates that can be used as significant identifying markers to distinguish Indian English speakers of Bangla and Hindi speech communities. The paper highlights that dialect profiling in the Indian context can be efficiently correlated with formant frequencies and Voice Onset Time for speech data. Acoustic analysis was done on PRAAT. PRAAT was used in this study because it has often been used by other similar studies to measure desired acoustic parameters simultaneously. Formant frequencies were measured at the midpoint of the vowels in the PRAAT using the LPC formant measurement algorithm. The normalization procedure was applied to the measured formant frequencies of vowels. The research affirms that acoustic analysis can provide verifiable cues for NLID. The framework can be used in the detection of native language influence in speech-centric criminal cases. The acoustic analysis shows that Indian English has subvarieties that could help in dialect profiling. The variation in Indian English vowel patterns could be due to the influence of the native language of the speakers.


Recently, a joint Brazil-France-U.S. program, known as PIRATA (Pilot Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic), was proposed to begin the deployment of moored measurement platforms in the tropical Atlantic in order to enhance the existing observational data base and subsequent understanding of the processes by which the ocean and atmosphere couple in key regions of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Empirical studies have suggested that there are strong relationships between tropical Atlantic upper ocean variability, SST, ocean-atmosphere coupling and regional climate variability. During the early 1980's a coordinated set of surface wind, subsurface thermal structure, and subsurface current observations were obtained as part of the U.S.-France SEQUAL- FOCAL process experiment designed to observe the seasonal response of the tropical Atlantic Ocean to surface forcing. Since that time, however, the observational data base for the tropical Atlantic Ocean has disintegrated to a few shiptracks measuring ocean temperatures and a small collection of tide gauge stations measuring sea level. A more comprehensive set of observations, modeling and empirical studies is now in order to make progress on understanding the regional climate variability. The proposed PIRATA program will use mooring platforms similar to the tropical Pacific Ocean TAO array to measure surface fluxes of momentum and heat and the corresponding changes in the upper ocean thermal structure. It is anticipated that the oceanic data from this monitoring array will also be used in a predictive mode for initialization studies of regional coupled climate models. Of particular interest are zonal and meridional modes of ocean-atmosphere variability within the tropical Atlantic basin that have significant impacts on the regional climate of the bordering continents.


By using versatile generic-K statistical model, a performance analysis of wireless system has been carried out through the composite fading channel scenarios. The composite fading model used here is flexible enough to represent all forms of mixed shadowed-fading channel conditions. With the aid of moment generating function (MGF) approach and Padé approximation (PA) technique, different performance measures such as outage probability and average bit error rate (ABER) have been evaluated for a variety of digital modulation formats. In contrast to previously obtained relatively complicated expressions in terms of MeijerG & Whittaker special functions, the PA technique has been used here to find tractable rational expressions for the MGF of output SNR. Using these simple rational expressions, the performance evaluations have been done for both singleand multichannel receivers under different shadowed-fading channel conditions. The numerical results are also validated through computer simulations, which show a perfect match.


to the point. On the twenty-fifth day his improvement was well maintained. He began to show insight and said that he no longer believed that he was related to Royalty. From this time onwards he passed into coma smoothly and regularly each day with a dose of 120 units, and he showed such progressive mental improvement that on the thirtieth day treatment was stopped. His improvement was now the talk of the ward, and one of the other patients aptly described it as "uncanny". His whole facial expression had changed. He was now friendly and sociable and his emotional reactions were normal. He answered questions promptly and sensibly and at times showed surprising flashes of wit. He took a lively interest in his surroundings and the problems presented by his own future. His parents considered that he was even better mentally than he had been in his pre-psychotic days. It is now over three months since he left the hospital, and he has not suffered a relapse.


4-Iodo-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-butyric acid methyl ester (5b) To a stirred solution of 4 (15.00 g, 61.7 mmol) in ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added solid N-hydroxysuccinimide (7.10 g, 61.7 mmol) at 0C. A solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (12.74 g, 61.7 mmol) in ethyl acetate (30 mL) was added slowly. The reaction was allowed to attain room temperature and left overnight. The precipitate of dicyclohexylurea was filtered off, and the filtrate was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate then brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude succinimide ester as a white solid (21 g, 79 %). The crude succinimide ester (21 g, 61.7 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was dissolved in the minimun amount of THF and added to a suspension of sodium borohydride (3.74 g, 98.9 mmol, 1.6 eq.) in THF (170 mL) at 0C. The reaction was left for 5 minutes before quenching by the addition of water (100 mL). The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL) and the combined organic fractions washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica with DCM-ethyl acetate (1:1) to give the alcohol as a white crystalline solid (10 g, 71 %).


Assessment is an essential part of classroom teaching, and it plays an important role in teaching. But the traditional assessment is mostly charged by teachers, and there are many shortages. With the development of information technology, it is more efficient to improve teaching by using network technology, especially to assess classroom teaching. This article firstly introduces the assessment of classroom teaching and the situations of traditional assessment and then puts forward several new and practical assessment strategies in the information zed environment, finally it gives a summary of characteristics of assessment strategies of online instructional systems.


Aqueous two-phase systems form the basis for an extraction technology of proteins. Trends in the development of the technology are reviewed and discussed with regard to future applications.


PURPOSE: A device and a method for user service pattern modeling are provided to easily add and delete state information without being fixed to a specific environment by comprising a user model through learning. CONSTITUTION: A user model DB(720) stores a user model. The user model records learning values about each service pair. A service information collecting unit(730) collects service information which is selected by a user. A state information collecting unit(740) collects a stats information of the user. A learning unit(750) learns a service using pattern of the user.


Crossover formation during meiosis in plants is required for proper chromosome segregation and is essential for crop breeding as it allows an (optimal) combination of traits by mixing parental alleles on each chromosome. Crossover formation commences with the production of a large number of DNA double-strand breaks, of which only a few result in crossovers. A small number of genes, which drive the resolution of DNA crossover intermediate structures towards non-crossovers, have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to explore the potential of modification of these genes in interspecific hybrids between crops and their wild relatives towards increased production of crossovers, we have used CRISPR/Cas9-mutagenesis in an interspecific tomato hybrid to knockout RECQ4 and FIGL1, two anti-crossover factors. Biallelic mutants for both genes were obtained in the F1 hybrid of S. lycopersicum and S. pimpinellifolium. Compared with the wild-type F1 hybrid, the F1 recq4 mutant showed a significant increase in crossovers, whereas in the F1 figl1 mutant a significant decrease was observed. These results demonstrate changes in crossover frequencies in interspecific hybrids by manipulating genes in crossover intermediate resolution pathways by directed mutagenesis via CRISPR/Cas9.


The catalytic activation of polycrystalline platinum toward ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline environment has been obtained by a square wave potential treatment. A detailed analysis that explores the effect of the period of the square wave on the evolution of the catalytic properties of the Pt surface is reported. The catalytic behavior of the treated and untreated surfaces has been interpreted both in terms of real surface area and surface structure evolution. The most active surface has been produced with a treating period time of 120 min. Interestingly the maximum stability has been obtained with the sample produced with square wave potential with a latinum nanostructures thanol oxidation


Linolenic acid (LH) peroxidation in aqueous medium is studied in the presence of fibers of chrysotile (UICC A and B), crocidolite UICC, and nemalite. Preliminary studies on the peroxydation of epithelial cell membranes were also performed. Radicals (L•, LOO•) formed from the peroxidation process are detected by EPR with a spin trapping agent, POBN. The activity of these iron(II)-containing fibers is related to the formation of activated oxygen species, particularly of some highly electrophilic species (•OH or perferryl and ferryl entities). The presence of these species is shown by EPR with a spin trapping agent, DMPO, in the presence or in the absence of certain iron(II) chelators (phosphate ions, ADP, ATP,.AMP, EDTA). The formation and the nature of activated oxygen species depend on the nature both of the inorganic material and of the chelator. It is not possible to directly extrapolate the results obtained with linolenic acid to the peroxidation of epithelial cell membranes. Keywords: asbestos, peroxi...


Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) is a powerful tool in the treatment of chronic, neuropathic pain. The premise of DRGS is similar to that of conventional spinal cord stimulation (cSCS), however, there is more variability in how it can be utilized. While it is this variability that likely gives it its versatility, DRGS is not as straightforward to implement as cSCS. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of DRGS on a broad number of diagnoses, determine which dorsal root ganglia were associated with better outcomes for particular body parts/diagnoses, and evaluate what factors/parameters were associated with higher rates of trial success.


Predictor inputs and labels (e.g. yield data) for crop yield forecasting are not always available at the same spatial resolution. Common statistical and machine learning methods require inputs and labels at the same resolution. Therefore, they cannot produce high resolution (HR) yield forecasts in the absence of HR yield data. We propose a weakly supervised (WS) deep learning framework that uses HR inputs and low resolution (LR) labels (crop areas and yields) to produce HR forecasts. The forecasting model was calibrated by aggregating HR forecasts and comparing with LR crop area and yield statistics. The framework was evaluated by disaggregating yields from parent statistical regions to sub-regions for five countries and two crops in Europe. Similarly, corn yields were disaggregated from counties to 10 km grids in the US. The performance of WS models was compared with naive disaggregation (ND) models, which assigned LR forecasts for a region or county to all HR sub-units, and strongly supervised models trained with HR yield labels. In Europe, all models (ND, WS and strongly supervised) were statistically similar, mainly due to the effect of yield trend. In the US, the WS models performed even better than the strongly supervised models. Based on Kendall's rank correlation coefficient, the WS model forecasts captured significant amounts of HR yield variability. Combining information from WS with Trend model (using LR yield trend) and WS No Trend model (not using yield trend) provided good estimates of yields as well as spatial variability among sub-regions or grids. High resolution crop yield forecasts are useful to policymakers and other stakeholders for local analysis and monitoring. Our weakly supervised framework produces such forecasts even in the absence of high resolution yield data.


Pilgrimage, whether religious or secular, is experiencing resurgence around the world. This includes the motives for
pilgrimage, activities during the pilgrimage, and the influence of tourism on it. The growth of pilgrimage tourism in India has
been astonishingly impressive. Pilgrimages to these destinations bring enormous economic gains to local residents. This paper
investigates pilgrimage tourism and its issues and challenges and socio economic development in Udupi through pilgrimage
tourism at Sri Krishna Mutt, Udupi. This article also explains and supports the idea that the economic impacts of religious
tourism should not be neglected or underestimated, although religious institutions have traditionally attempted to downplay this
in the past. The data for this study were collected from local residents through questionnaire, interview, observation and
secondary data.


Following on from the previous article, Bob Spalding here describes the practical detail involved in integrating Quiet Places in schools. While the potential of this type of provision for addressing emotional and behavioural difficulties is great, there are also benefits for the whole school and for parents.


We argue that the claim given in quant-ph/9801014 is untenable. The fallacy in the proof is a misinterpretation of the no-cloning theorem, which does not allow quantum jumps, specifically measurements.


Simple Summary Oral antitumor therapy has significantly improved clinical outcomes in multiple tumor entities. However, following a standard dosing regime, strong interindividual variability in patients' plasma concentrations can be observed for many oral antitumor drugs. This results in risks of reduced therapeutic effect and increased side effects. Monitoring these variable plasma concentrations is an important tool in evaluating multiple factors influencing drug exposure and, if necessary, adjusting therapeutic doses. Here, we developed a method for the simultaneous measurement of 57 oral antitumor drug plasma concentrations. Detection and quantification were achieved using liquid chromatography coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer, which can be easily expanded to newly approved oral antitumor drugs in the future. Applicability of the method was proven by measuring 71 plasma samples from 39 patients undergoing oral antitumor therapy. In summary, the developed method provides an important tool for exposure measurements of oral antitumor drugs. Abstract Oral anticancer drugs have led to significant improvements in the treatment of multiple tumor entities. However, in patients undergoing oral antitumor therapy, plasma concentrations are highly variable, resulting in risks of reduced therapeutic effects or an increase in side effects. One important tool to reduce this variability is therapeutic drug monitoring. In this work we describe a method to simultaneously quantify the plasma concentrations of 57 oral antitumor agents. Quantification of these drugs was achieved using liquid chromatography coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The method was fully validated according to the FDA guidelines and constitutes a simple and robust way for exposure monitoring of a wide variety of oral anticancer drugs. Applicability to clinical routine was demonstrated by the analysis of 71 plasma samples taken from 39 patients. In summary, this new multi-drug method allows simultaneous quantification of 57 oral antitumor drugs, which can be applied to exposure monitoring in clinical studies, taking into account the broad variety of oral antitumor drugs prescribed in clinical routine.


There is growing attention that the contrail by aviation may affect the earth's energy balance and climate change. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, the convolutional neural network model termed ContrailMod, which can be used in contrail classification with Himawari-8 stationary satellite and outperforms the representative conventional algorithm contrail detection algorithm (CDA). We estimate the distribution of potential contrail formation using temperature and specific humidity from ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-Interim) in South China region. According to the convolutional neural network identification (CNNI) and artificial visual inspection (AVI), we adopt the contrail occurrence and persistence (COP) measured from Himawari-8 stationary satellite imagery to evaluate the potential contrail coverage (PCC) fractions of the ECMWF reanalysis data. There is a high correlation between contrail occurrence and persistence and potential contrail coverage. The correlation coefficient of convolutional neural network identification is close to artificial visual inspection, which illustrates that the parameterization is reliable by comparing the observation results and the actual reflection of contrail coverage in parameterization calculation of South China region. (Citation: Zhang, G., J. Zhang, and J. Shang, 2018: Contrail recognition with convolutional neural network and contrail parameterizations evaluation. SOLA, 14, 132−137, doi:10.2151/sola. 2018-023.)


Revival and resurgence is not simply something that happens to individuals or groups of persons; it is a phenomenon that, takes place within organized communities, institutions, and societies. The Church has existed in history as an organized society of believers, and this institutional dimension of Christianity has frequently shaped Christian history and the influence of Christianity on wider society for better and worse. Indeed, it could be argued that this is the dimension of Christianity which has been most influential historically. However, in the case of the Church of England in the British Empire its organized influence as a Church was seriously curtailed by its restricted and partial institutional existence throughout the eighteenth century in the North American colonies. There it existed without a bishop to provide local leadership and an effective counterweight to local lay elites. When that situation reversed and the British state began to support colonial bishoprics after the loss of the thirteen colonies in the new United States of America, the Church of England remained largely at the mercy of fluctuating political agendas to supply colonial bishops with sufficient legality and infrastructure. However, in the early 1840s the Church of England underwent a resurgence in the British Empire as a consequence of developing a new response to its metropolitan political situation, which initiated a revival in its colonial engagement.


If the World Health Organisation (WHO) intended to place health higher on the political agenda when it published the 2000 World Health Report, it certainly succeeded. Most commentators have focused on die controversial rankings of health system performance. This has, unfortunately, distracted attention from die text that accompanies these rankings and which sets out in considerable detail die WHO's vision of what healdi systems are all about. The report identifies tiiree goals that all health systems should seek to achieve: improved healdi; responsive services; and fair financing. Underpinning die achievement of diese goals is a function diat has been called "stewardship". Stewardship is "concerned about die trust and legitimacy widi which [a government's] activities are viewed by die citizenry". The World Health Report justifies its interest in diis issue, using a range of specific examples from across die world to show how good governance and die rule of law are intimately related to the achievement of healdi. Thus, it notes how widespread corruption damages die ability to deliver effective healdi care. It condemns audiorities tiiat turn a blind eye to clinical incompetence. And it applauds the role of advocacy by a free, and critical media. The move to hold individual governments to public account in diese areas is a radical departure from die WHO's traditional approach, based on provision of technical advice. The shift is also apparent in several odier areas of its activities. Thus, in die European Region, die WHO has argued diat Target 2, equity in healdi, from its Healdi 21 programme, requires "policies and legislation [to be] aimed at implementing United Nations provisions on human rights". Its work on patients' rights presupposes a system of basic human rights. The WHO is not alone in adopting a more assertive position widi governments. Largely as a reaction to some of die humiliations imposed on die United Nations during die period of his predecessor, Kofi Annan, at Davos in January 1999, expressed his desire "to let people know diey do have rights and not everything is at die beck and call of governments".'* Two years earlier, as part of his programme of "Renewing die United Nations", he had emphasised die need for integrating human rights into all United Nations activities and programmes.^


Turkey did not make any significant contribution to settle the conflict in Kosovo. Conflicts bearing religious connotations are, in any case, problematic for Turkey. One of the constant line of Turkish policy toward Kosovo is the insistence on the participation of the Turkish minority in the peace talks. This minority has rather tenses relations with the Albanian majority and tend to stand on the Serbian side. But Turkey can make use of the « Islamic » or « ethnic » discourse only in moderation. Moreover, in the case of Kosovo, the fear of a parallel with the situation in southeast Anatolia prevented it from exerting diplomatie pressure, as it had been the case in the first phase of the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina.


In 1954 Harvard Medical School gave Sherman Weissman and me a $50 grant to study erythropoietin thereby initiating my 64-year odyssey in biomedical research. My fascination with immunology emerged during my internal medicine residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital when I was assigned to the Massachusetts General Hospital polio ward during the last polio epidemic when over 300 patients were admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital, 70 of whom were encased in giant mechanical respirators called iron lungs. In the next year Jonas Salk developed the polio vaccine. I was truly impressed that a vaccine could be effective in preventing a very serious acute infectious disease. Following my internship, I joined the NIH in a research position in lieu of serving 2 years in the military between the Korean and Vietnam Wars when the general medical draft and the doctors' draft were in effect. The dominant area of my research, clinical immunology, has undergone a revolution changing from a largely phenomenal endeavor into a deeply analytical and technical field. Movement in this field like the growth of our children may not appear impressive when viewed from one day to the next, however its progress has been dramatic when viewed using the portfolio of images taken over 6 to 7 decades. Questions that could not even be asked 60 years ago have been definitely answered. To give a sense of the dramatic progress in the field of Immunology I quote from the textbook Clinical Hematology by Maxwell Wintrobe that appeared in 1956, the year I joined the NIH. "The function of the lymphocyte is still obscure. Because of their strategic position in lymph nodes and because they are rich in adenosinase which splits adenosine it has been suggested that the lymphocyte is instrumental in the destruction of toxic products of protein metabolism. A role of transference of fat from the intestinal epithelium to the lactates has been denied." This reflects the primitive understanding we had concerning the immune system, especially cellular immunology at the time. The role of the thymus and T cells in immunity had not been defined. One could not even consider the nature of the T-cell receptor for antigen or meaningfully discuss how antibody and T-cell diversity were generated when neither the T-cell antigen receptor nor the multichain structure of immunoglobulin had been demonstrated. By 1951 none of the primary immunodeficiency diseases had been shown to involve a defined molecular defect of an element of the immune system. Moreover, we did not have anything approaching our present understanding of a disease such as AIDS caused by a retrovirus, a form of pathogen that had not been defined that infects CD4 expressing target T-cells that had not been discovered. My own entry into the field of Immunology was through the back door by the study of serum protein metabolism, especially that of the immunoglobulins. We defined the metabolism of the 5 classes of immunoglobulins and demonstrated their different rates of synthesis, patterns of distribution, and rates of catabolism in normal individuals. Furthermore, we demonstrated diseases of immunoglobulin catabolism and loss. We showed that hypogammaglobulinemia may be the result of hypercatabolism of a single protein as in patients with myotonic dystrophy where we defined a selective decrease in IgG survival. Alternatively, we showed endogenous hypercatabolism affecting many immunoglobulin classes and albumin in a disease we called familial hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia, a disorder subsequently shown to represent a mutation in the signal peptide of beta-2 microglobulin. In a major discovery, our group in collaboration with Robert Gordon defined yet another form of short protein survival, excess bulk loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal tract, a disorder that we called protein-losing gastroenteropathy. We demonstrated a number of new diseases with this disorder including the syndrome intestinal lymphangiectasia (termed Waldmann's disease by the National Organization for Rare Disorders). Most recently this was shown in part to be associated with a mutation of CD55, a complement-decay accelerating factor. Another focus of our research was on the primary human immunodeficiency diseases. Despite their great heuristic value, our understanding of the immune system was hindered by the fact that unseparated lymphocytes represent mixtures of complex populations of cells with different and at times opposing functions. To circumvent this problem Samuel Broder and I took advantage of the fact that in a given patient human T-lymphoid leukemic cells represent homogenous populations of T cells that could theoretically retain a single function. We demonstrated that the leukemic cells of patients with the Sézary syndrome could act as helper T cells. In contrast, the T cells of patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) profoundly inhibited immune responses by functioning as immune suppressors. In the mid 1970's, the cardinal question regarding the immune system remained unanswered: How does our body with its limited amount of genetic material generate


We have investigated that photoreactivities of a series of diynediammonium dienecarboxylates in the crystalline state. In the case of 4,4′-butadiynedibenzylammonium disorbate, almost all diene moieties were polymerized during photoirradiation for 8 h. On the other hand, the conversion of diyne moieties was still low. Crystal structure of the monomer crystal indicates that the alignment of diene moieties is very similar to those of topochemically polymerizable crystals of diene derivatives. Even though the translation distance of diyne moieties is also suitable for the polymerization, the tilt angle is different from the ideal angle. It is the reason why the conversion of diyne moieties was low. By X-ray single-crystal structure analysis of the polymer crystal, we confirmed that the polymerization proceeded via topochemical reaction mechanism indeed. On the other hand, photodimerization of diene moieties in the crystals of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diammonium (E,E)-muconate occurred because of the face-to-face ali...


This study aims target detection by combination of odor sensors and Artificial Intelligence Technologies. Fuzzy Logic Approach has been preferred as Artificial Intelligence Technology here. The developed system is modeled using Simulink and Fuzzy Logic Toolbox under Matlab and then is analyzed. The system is able to distinguish odors through the control system that uses the fuzzy logic algorithm. Three type odors have been determined and they have been introduced to the control system. A small wheeled robot has been designed and it has been integrated with the developed control system. So, the robot has become sensitive to smell. In other words, no longer it is odor-sensitive and can be directed to the desired odor source. This is the first study on the topic and the further studies will be on the expansion of the study. The main goal is to develop an electronic dog nose and to use it instead of the real dog smell functions.


Under water stress conditions, induced by mannitol solutions (0 to 0.66 M) applied to the apical 12 mm of intact roots of Zea mays L. (cv. LG 11), a growth inhibition, a decrease in the osmotic potential of the cell sap and a significant accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) were observed. When the roots were placed in a humid atmosphere after the stress, the growth rate increased again, even if elongation had been totally inhibited. Under a stress corresponding to an osmotic potential of -1.09 MPa in the solution, growth was totally inhibited, which means that the root cell turgor pressure was reduced to the yield threshold. These conditions led to the largest accumulation of ABA. The effect of water stress on the level of ABA was studied for three parts of the root. The greatest increase in ABA (about 10 fold) was obtained in the growth zone and this increase was apparently independent of the hydrolysis of the conjugated form. With a mannitol treatment of 1 h equivalent to a stress level of -1.39 MPa, a 4-fold increase in ABA efflux into the medium was obtained. These results suggest that there are interactions between water stress, root growth, osmotic potential and the ABA level. The growth under conditions of stress and the role of endogenous ABA in the control of plant metabolism, specially in the growth zone, are discussed.


In this paper, we develop regularized discrete least squares collocation and finite volume methods for solving two-dimensional nonlinear time-dependent partial differential equations on irregular domains. The solution is approximated using tensor product cubic spline basis functions defined on a background rectangular (interpolation) mesh, which leads to high spatial accuracy and straightforward implementation, and establishes a solid base for extending the computational framework to three-dimensional problems. A semi-implicit time-stepping method is employed to transform the nonlinear partial differential equation into a linear boundary value problem. A key finding of our study is that the newly proposed mesh-free finite volume method based on circular control volumes reduces to the collocation method as the radius limits to zero. Both methods produce a large constrained least-squares problem that must be solved at each time step in the advancement of the solution. We have found that regularization yields a relatively well-conditioned system that can be solved accurately using QR factorization. An extensive numerical investigation is performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the present methods, including the application of the new method to a coupled system of time-fractional partial differential equations having different fractional indices in different (irregularly shaped) regions of the solution domain.


Based on the analysis of the three main specificities of the network,i.e.economies of scale and economies of scope as well as network externality it describes the economics reasons for network convergence,and puts forwared the strategies for developing 3C convergence process in China.


The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery stacking, and provides a stacking machine and a stacking method thereof. The stacking method comprises the following steps: step A, a first diaphragm, a cathode plate and a second diaphragm are sequentially stuck into a whole and then are continuously blanked to the upper part of a stacking table, or a composite pole compounded with diaphragms and a cathode plate is continuously blanked to upper part of the stacking table, and a pressing knife presses the cathode plate and the diaphragms onto the stacking table; step B, the stacking table is moved to a first-time positioning table, a first mechanical arm stacks an anode plate onto the first diaphragm from the first-time positioning table, and the pressing knife compresses the anode plate; step C, the stacking table is moved to a second-time positioning table, a second mechanical arm stacks the anode plate onto the second diaphragm from the second-time positioning table, and the pressing knife compresses the anode plate. According to the invention, the cathode plate and the diaphragms are connected into a whole for continuous blanking, Z-shaped stacking is conducted between the first-time positioning table and the second-time positioning table through the stacking table, the circulation continues until a set number of stacked layers is achieved, and thus the stacking speed is increased.


Virtual full-duplex relaying is a promising technology to recover the multiplexing loss due to the half-duplex relays, by allowing the concurrent transmission of the source and relays. However, virtual full-duplex relaying creates severe inter-relay interference (IRI). In this paper, a network interference cancellation method was presented, to mitigate the IRI at relays in virtual full-duplex relaying with decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. We analyzed the residual interference power and average capacity and found it achieved better results of mitigating the IRI on the basis of DF protocol, as shown with simulation results.


A lithium-ion battery simulation model is developed for a fully coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical analysis. The model is calibrated with the hemispherical punch test for its mechanical response and an external short-circuit test for its electrical property. Realistic physical property and representative geometry are used to model each battery component. Randles circuit is used to represent the electric property of the battery. A piecewise linear plasticity model is applied to model the deformation and failure of each cell material. The simulation result of the external short-circuit test suggests that most heat is generated at the layer of cathode material near the current-collecting tabs. The punch test of a discharging battery is simulated; the result suggests the mechanical deformation can cause extra Ohm heating at the deformed location. The mechanically generated heat caused by impact also plays a role in the rise of the cell temperature.


The processes of filtration gas combustion in heterogeneous porous medium is studying. The presence of two opposite modes of front propagation made it possible to stabilize the combustion front in a composite porous medium with piecewise constant porosity. A feature of this study is the presentation of the original model not in the traditional form of a system of parabolic equations, but in the form of integral conservation laws in terms of the temperature of the porous medium, the total gas enthalpy, and the mass of gas mixture, and the fluxes corresponding to these functions.


Background: To obtain accurate measurements of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) in Aceh cattle, commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits need to be carefully validated. Moreover, repeated freeze-thaw cycles during the storage of the samples may affect the stability of the hormones in the serum. Here, the reliability of C and T concentration measurements in the serum of Aceh cattle, was tested using commercial C and T ELISA kits designed to measure human C and T concentrations. Further, the effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the stability of C and T concentrations in the serum was evaluated. Methods: Commercial C (Cat. no. EIA-1887) and T (Cat. no. EIA-1559) ELISA kits from DRG Instruments GmbH were validated through an analytical validation test (i.e., parallelism, accuracy, and precision) and a biological validation test (for C: effect of transportation on the C secretion; for T: the concentrations of T between bulls and cows). To test the effects of freeze-thaw cycles, cattle serum was subjected to the following treatments: (i) remained frozen at -20OC (control group); (ii) exposed to freeze-thaw cycles for two, four, six, and eight times (test groups). Results: Parallelism, accuracy, and precision tests showed that both  C Open Peer Review


Design for Six Sigma™ (DFSS) is a systematic product design methodology for designing new products that has customer requirements inherently built into the various phases of the development process. Whilst the concept is not new, the rigour and the discipline required to ensure the Voice of the Customer is effected from concept to ship means moving engineers away from their tried and tested comfort approach. This paper focuses on the experiences of the Associates of DFSS in changing the management aspect of introducing DFSS methodology to the product development engineering at Motorola Penang Design Centre.


Quantum Hall effect and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in a 2D hole gas at a p-GaAs/Al 0.5 Ga 0 5 As (001) interface show, that under in-plane (110) uniaxial compression a redistribution of carriers between the two spin-splitted subbands of the ground heavy hole state takes place. At the maximal compression of 2.5 kbar the carrier density of the most populated subband is decreased by 18%, while the total carrier density remains almost unchanged. A decrease of the spin-splitting under the uniaxial compression is proposed.


Optimization algorithms are very important in product design. They could be divided into two classes: traditional local search methods and heuristic global ones. Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm has been known as one of the most prominent and fastest methods, but its local exploitation characteristic leads to the fact that it could be easily trapped by local optimum. However, heuristic methods such as differential evolution (DE) possess better convergence quality although their convergence speed is not good enough. This paper proposes a hybrid differential evolution and sequential quadratic programming algorithm, denoted as DE-SQP. At first, SQP adopts active set method and range space method to solve quadratic programming problems. Then, SQP is combined with DE. Experiments using benchmark optimization problems and engineering design problems are presented and DE-SQP is compared with other global optimization algorithms. Results demonstrate that DE-SQP is reliable, effective and efficient.


In recent years,though skirmishes in Chinese surronding areas have occurred from time to time. However,the basic situation which supports the peaceful development of China still remains unchanged. It implys that China is still in the term of 20-year strategic opportunities,and no fundamental reversal is expected in the foreseeable future. However,these crises resulted from the peripheral changing situation also implies that relations between China and peripheral countries have stepped into much-trubled adjustment period. In the short and middle term,China needs adeptly certain specific foreign policy to meet the concrete situation,so as to avoid occurence of strategic accidents in China's peripheral region. In the long term,China's perpheral strategic ideology needs to highlight the "Top-level design"to actively shape the situation beneficial to the peaceful development.


grave (1965:672) correctly notes that in 1965 the official Congress Party and its splinter, the Kerala or &dquo;Rebel&dquo; Congress, together won 45% of the vote, a higher proportion than the Congress had obtained since 1954. While recognizing the crushing defeat actually suffered by the official Congress Party, he suggests that if the two Congresses had been able to reunite before the elections they might have carried the day. In a more recent paper, Ahmed (1966) goes so far as to conclude that if the Congress Party plays its cards cleverly to accomodate all of the Hindu and Christian religious and caste associations under its wing, &dquo;Once a real rival to the Congress, the Communist


It is suggested that the rating of small-and medium-power thermionic rectifier valves in capacitance-input circuits requires amending, so that the full-load conditions may be deduced from the basic properties of the valves in a more general manner, and the usual family of regulation curves, supplied to show the performance at loads less than maximum, may be replaced by curves more suited to the design of rectifying equipment. It is further suggested that these improvements may be obtained by including, as part of the rating, recommended values for two parameters, namely the ratio of the source to the load resistance (R5/R0), and the product of the load resistance and the admittance of the input condenser (?CR0) This parameter specification controls the circuit conditions under which the valves are operated and ensures that, independent of the type of valve, full-load operation is always accompanied by a particular set of waveforms. The ratios, such as peak/mean value, etc., that characterize these waveforms have been measured and are compiled into a Table which permits the full-load performance of a valve to be evaluated from its basic properties. In addition, an investigation has been made upon the parameter values in equipments employing valves at less than their maximum output. This investigation has led to the preparation of fractional-load performance curves, on which every point gives the full-load performance of an equipment designed to make the best use of the valve at the particular fraction of its maximum output.


The challenges of sustainable development require that everybody, every institution and every nation work towards long-term strategies in order to move away from unsustainable practices. The same line of thinking applies to all nations around the Baltic Sea. A general challenge for the Baltic Sea region is to broaden the interest of people in discussions of national approaches supporting sustainability. Finding effective instruments to support the process of sustainable development in countries in transition with an emerging and largely inexperienced entrepreneur community and economically fragile, is as important as the promotion of long-term integrated sustainability strategies in countries which have well established democracies. The knowledge of the ongoing changes and the driving social, economic and ecological factors essential for the implementation of sustainable development in countries in transition must be broadened. A special need seen in the three Baltic countries - Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia - as elsewhere in the Baltic region, is the need to avoid development patterns of « business as usual and to gain access to information and to advancements in sustainable development both in Europe and worldwide. The Baltic countries now joining the EU have to build capacity, for example by establishing teams of young researches to draw up sustainable development strategies at the national level, which are consistent with European strategies. A bottom-up flow from the grass-root level is required to change the pattern of development strategies in the Baltic countries. The Conference « Integrative Approaches Towards Sustainability, whose experiences are documented inthis book, was held on 26-29 March, 2003.


The experiment Evaluation of onion landraces (Allium cepa L.) of Karnataka for yield and quality parameters during Rabi season was carried out during Rabi seasons 2015-16 at College of Horticulture, Kolar, Karnataka. In present investigation twenty five landraces were collected from all over Karnataka and evaluated by following RCBD with two replications. The growth characters appeared significant differences among the landraces evaluated. The genotype Kotturu Local exhibited maximum plant height (64.89 cm) and leaf length (60.21 cm). The maximum leaf width was noticed in the genotype Bellary Red (12.80). Of different genotypes, no double bulbs were registered in case of Kumata Sweet Onion, Thumbaraguddi Local, Rampur Local and Arka Kalyan. While, Bengaluru Rose Onion registered lowest collar thickness of 1.11 cm followed by Kumata Sweet Onion (1.16 cm). However, the genotype maximum number of rings per bulb was recorded in cultivar Mogalahalli Local (10.00) and Arka Kalyan (1.10) registered minimum number of centres. The quality parameters like TSS (16.80 ͦbrix) and pungency (6.50 μmol./g FW ) was recorded maximum in genotype Kumata Sweet Onion. While, dry mater content was observed maximum in GBD-Bindu (21.75 %). No bolting per cent was recorded in Belagavi White Onion and Thumbaraguddi Local. With respect to yield parameters, The maximum average ten bulb weight was recorded in Kadarakoppa Local (1230.00 g). However, the maxmum bulb yield per hectare was obtained in genotype Kottur Local (35.34 t/ha). Considering the performance of different landraces with respect to growth, yield and quality traits Kotturu Local, Bellary Red and Kadarakoppa Local were performed best for Rabi season cultivation.


The paper reports a compilation of results from three studies conducted over three years to determine students' conceptions of mathematics, and orientations they follow in learning the subject. Respondents were 459 first year mathematics students from four universities and one teacher college. Results indicated that more than half the sample reported mathematics to be a subject made of numbers and formulae that could be memorized. This suggests a shallow emphasis when learning the subject, with no intention to understand. However, most students passed their examinations. It was concluded that there was no statistically significant relationship between examinations results and students' learning orientations. It is recommended that lecturers should foster students' meta-learning capabilities and an awareness of different learning strategies.


The present invention is an active-relates to a matrix display device, the device selecting a plurality of light emitters (22, 23, 24), a current modulator 26 is connected to each emitter, the emitter (22, 23, 24) input means (8, 14, 15) and, to reverse (-), a non-inverting input (+) and the operating amplifier 35 having an output. The output of one of the power supply is connected to the output 42 of the (36, 39, 40), the operation amplifier 35 of the non-inverting input (+) and the inverting input of said operational amplifier (35) () with the gate of the associated modulator, and makes with the selected one of the emitter (22, 23) form a loop for feedback of the operational amplifier (35). The invention also relates to a method of controlling a display device.


The article presents an experience of studying the subject "Ethics and Axiology of Science" by post-graduate students of SibSTU. The moral choice as a classical subject of ethics is considered in the light of practical and applied aspects. Stakeholder analysis acting as a technique for unpacking cases is applied for the solution of ethical dilemmas in the sphere of science.


This study aimed to develop powders and granules containing phenytoin-loaded nanocapsules, evaluating their physicochemical and biological properties. The powders were obtained by spray-drying, using maltodextrin as drying adjuvant, and reconstituted in water, recovering the nanometric characteristics of the original suspension. The chitosan-coated phenytoin-loaded nanocapsules as well as their redispersible powders had good gastrointestinal stability and were able to control drug release. Moreover, the redispersible powders improved the in vivo anticonvulsant activity in mice in comparison with the non-encapsulated drug. In a next step, granules were produced using a fluid bed system, using phenytoin-loaded nanocapsules or water, as binders, and a mixture of maltodextrin and phenytoin, as substrate. The increase in the granule size and the solid bridges formed were responsible for the best flow properties of the granules containing nanocapsules. Their nanometric characteristics were recovered after reconstitution in water, showing good redispersibility. The presence of nanocapsules and the smallest particle size promoted a fast drug release from the redispersed granules, which had a promising in vivo anticonvulsant effect, considering that only 10% of the total drug is in the encapsulated form. In order to explain the better technological properties and the superior in vivo performance, the effect of the nanocapsules on the granule growth and their mucoadhesion properties was evaluated. The granule growth was dependent on the volume of the binder sprayed. A schematic model of its structure, built from the morphological analysis by SEM, demonstrated that the nanocapsules are covering the granule surface and the solid bridges. Furthermore, the main barrier for controlling the drug release were the nanocapsules surrounding the agglomerates and responsible for a slow initial drug release, followed by a fast non-encapsulated phenytoin release. In the last step, a promising mucoadhesive effect was found for the developed granules. The highest mucoadhesive property was explained by a combined effect on the intestinal mucosa of the nanocapsules and maltodextrin. Therefore, the powders and granules containing phenytoin-nanocapsules improved technological and biological properties, as promising solid dosage forms for reconstitution in the anticonvulsant treatment for paediatric and elderly patients.


Early career engagement as a systems and logistics engineer by Department of Defense contractors, Avis Ransom, applied a bachelor's degree in chemistry and an M.B.A. in the management and development of technology and in the application of engineering to address DoD requirements. Following fifteen years of self employment as a business development consultant, she joined Morgan State University's School of Engineering. As Principle Investigator for a Department of Energy contract to transform the building services industry she works with a team to improve training and education for careers related to the high performance (energy efficient) building industry, develops related curricula, enhances career awareness and develops business strategies to help the industry transformation processes. She seeks to explore the postulate that the industrial engineering core competencies offer significant advantages when learning the complex set of skills and knowledge required to audit and analyze buildings for energy efficiency. As staff for the Dean of the School of Engineering, she develops projects, plans and implements strategies and develops and documents reports, newsletters and proposals.


This study explores the experience of using healthcare facilities in the aggregate of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. The type of research used is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The study's results identified three themes: visiting healthcare facilities due to increased disease severity, visiting healthcare facilities to get further services, and visiting healthcare facilities despite being embarrassed and afraid. In conclusion, this study provides an overview of how the concept of the Health Belief Model about perceived severity makes a person with Pulmonary TB engage in Health Seeking Behavior, in this case, focusing on the desire to visit healthcare facilities.
Keywords: Health Belief Model, Health Seeking Behavior, Pulmonary Tuberculosis


The favorable location, climate as well as the natural resources are the basic conditions for tourism development in one area.
The wealth from the historical past, with visible marks in the present, the cherishing of the tradition and the culture and also the imperative for modernization of the basic and the unnecessary , complement the natural resources and lead to huge potential for tourism development.
Taking into consideration the profit, it is unquestionable that it is realized through tourism, consequently to this, better tourism leads to better income.
From the above mentioned, in this master paper we will describe Dojran and Dojran Lake, as well as the possibilities for development and the affirmation of the tourist potential of this area. Through the conditions that are present, perspectives and the appetites for the increasing of the attraction, we will present this Macedonian pearl that is located in the south-east part of Republic of Macedonia as a tourist destination that is worth visiting.


The fast user growth in wireless communications has created significant demands for new wireless services in both the licensed and unlicensed frequency spectra1. Recent studies show that a fixed spectrum assignment policy cannot achieve good spectrum utilization (FCC, 2005) . To address this problem, cognitive radio (CR) has been developed as a technology to facilitate the utilization of temporally idle frequency bands (commonly known as white space or spectrum holes) to increase the spectral efficiency.


The discovery of a new "Hittite" inscription was one of the more solid results of a short and too hurried journey in Asia Minor which I made with Mr. J. W. Crowfoot during July and August of last year, and its publication may not be inopportune at a moment when fresh interest has been aroused in this species of script by the discoveries of Mr. Arthur Evans in Crete. After a rather abortive attempt to re-explore the obscure and rugged borderland between Lycaonia and Pamphylia, the net result of which was the discovery of just enough to make the topography of this dark corner even less intelligible than before, we turned towards Cappadocia, where we had hopes of finding at least some pre-Hellenic monuments. Years ago Professor Ramsay and Mr. Hogarth had heard a report of what was presumably a Hittite inscription near Nev-sheher (Soandos), a town two days' journey west of Caesareia Mazaca: important things were said to have turned up near the latter city since M. Chantre's visit: and we learnt also of the existence of hieroglyphic stones at Arapison (Zoropassos) on the Halys.


This study analyses the performance of a hybrid Free Water surface/Vertical flow (FVS/VF) wetland in removing nitrogen from wastewater generated in a fertiliser and chemical manufacturer in Perth, Western Australia during a 14 month period. The constructed wetland currently in use at the fertiliser plant is 12,825 m (135 x 95 m), planted with Schoenoplectus validus, has a vertical flow design and has been operated FWS/ VF conjugated system with a hydraulic load = 3.3 cm/d and a retention time of 18 days. Average load removal rates are: 26% for NH4-N, 52% for N03-N and 32% for TN. Parallel to that, an experiment with wetland mesocosms as conducted, this experiment compared the efficiency of a FWS/ VP wetland (simulation of the industry's wetland) and an alternative hybrid VP/Horizontal F1o (VF/HF) in removing nitrogen from the industry's wastewater. Systems were planted with Schoenoplectus validus. The performance in nitrogen removal for the FWS/VP mesocosm was superior to the actual wetland's performance. The best nitrogen removal rate was achieved by the VF/HF system, with the first VF stage alone removing 82.9% of ammonia in 2.88 days while the FWS/ VF moved 8.2% of the ammonia in 10.8 days.


knowledge of one of the most important diseases with which the practitioner has to contend. It is, indeed, the first time that any hospital has sent out a document of this nature ; and, as it appears that the Report is to be continued annually, we cannot exaggerate the advantages which must result from a yearly analysis of the observations made within the walls of the Hospital, from a comparison of the data of one year with those of the next, from the correction of the inferences drawn from small numbers by the results deduced from large quantities, until all sources of


A new algorithm of solving block pentadiagonal systems is proposed,which is based on the special factorization of block pentadiagonal matrix.The algorithm includes selective parameter-matrices.Properly selected parameter-matrices make new algorithm higher in precision than the famous Thomas algorithm.


Introductory Perspectives When Are Social Support Related Issues Important? Assessment of Social Support Resources Client-Based Barriers Client-Focused Interventions Other- and Context-Based Barriers Externally Focused Support Interventions Ansel A Case Study Other Directions


This paper describes a time-of-flight (TOF) measurement circuit using a multiple-stage amplifier suitable for a TOF range finder. The multiple-stage amplifier together with a comparator in each stage allows us to obtain multiple TOF signals and to estimate the signal intensity dependent delay time of the measurement circuits. Using the estimated delay time of the measurement circuit, an accurate TOF can be estimated in a very wide working range. Simulation results show that the cascaded 6-stage amplifier works at the input signal photocurrent level from 10nA to 10mA sufficient range measurement accuracy in three decades of the working range.


Automotive instrumentation is an important process to guarantee quality and safety for the drivers and passengers of vehicles. At the same time, it is a time-consuming task, because engineers must setup the system, which includes the passing of cables through the vehicle and the configuration of equipments. A wireless automotive instrumentation system can certainly help on reducing the instrumentation time and its cost. However, it may incur in errors due to the wireless communication between sensors and the base station. In this study, the authors propose a low-cost wireless monitoring system for automotive instrumentation. They compare the proposed system with two commercial instrumentation equipments in terms of features, cost, and precision for monitoring the engine speed. The results indicate that the proposed wireless monitoring system delivers similar performance, but at a lower cost (up to 1114 times cheaper).


Based on empirical research on a new and highly innovative car sharing-project the article claims that in German society individuals' lifestyles and the availability of automobiles are linked in a self-reinforcing feedback process. Data gathered from first round panel interviews focusing on patterns of mobility and activities show that particular means of transport encourage particular lifestyles and vice versa. Moreover, the characteristics of patterns of mobility touch on categories fundamental to social sciences, such as household and family, as well as on categories central to transport research, such as choice of routes and time budgets. A first look at these categories shows a confusing picture well-known from other studies. There is a wide variety of biographies, of organisation of work, housekeeping and leisure time. There is neither a clear pattern nor a predominant model in the variety of lifestyles. However, the results of the interviews show that the use of means of transport is widely integrated into daily life and has become a routine to all persons interviewed. These findings are not only relevant to social science research on transport and mobility, but have also consequences for some basic categories for the analysis of social reality


The commercial integration of optoelectronic devices heavily relies on hybrid techniques such as wire bonding and flip-chip bonding. These methods are limited in the scale and flexibility in integration. Research focused on optoelectronic integration is performed using numerous techniques such as direct epitaxy, full-scale wafer bonding, and selfassembly. Magnetically Assisted Statistical Assembly (MASA) is an example of the latter technique and improves scale and flexibility by enabling the simultaneous integration of large numbers of individual devices. This thesis work is focused on the demonstration of the MASA concept through characterization of the magnetic materials forming the foundation for this technique and development of an adequate process technology. Both, the magnetic characteristics and the process technology required to integrate the technology are presented along with results of the integration. Thesis Supervisor: Clifton G. Fonstad Jr. Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering


Women and nationalism ; In her paper, Nira Yuval-Davis intends to outline some of the main dimensions in which gender relations are crucial in understanding and analyzing the phenomena of nations and of nationalism, and to point out their relevance to central issues in contemporary Europe. She shows how women play important roles in biological and political reproductions of national and other collectivities.


T HE Organization of American States is an association of the twenty-one American republics which has been in process of development for more than a century. It had its spiritual beginnings in the Congress of Panama convoked by Simon Bolivar in 1826. As a regional international organization it was formally established by the First International Conference of American States in 1890. The Pan American Union is the central and permanent agency and the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, which adopted the latter name when the Charter of the Organization was signed at the Ninth International Conference of American States in Bogota in 1948. The Charter, in its chapter on cultural standards, proposes as a basic precept for activities of the Organization that, "with due consideration for the national character of each State, the Member States undertake to facilitate free cultural interchange by every medium of expression." It provides further for an Inter-American Cultural Council "to promote friendly relations and mutual understanding among the American peoples, in order to strengthen the peaceful sentiments that have characterized the evolution of America, through the promotion of educational, scientific and cultural exchange." The international exchange of publications may be defined as the arrangement or agreement whereby contracting governments or institutions in different nations send printed matter free of charge to other governments or institutions. The objective of official international exchange is twofold: the giving and the receiving of materials. Historically, the objective of the reception or acquisition of material for libraries became obvious at an earlier date than that of sending material. The library's acquisitions program for centuries has been that of procuring materials to serve the needs of its public for today and tomorrow. The importance of distribution has been more recently recognized. The exigencies of modern life require ever greater promptness in both the acquisition and the dissemination of information on contemporary life. The acquisition objectives of the international exchange of publications between signatory powers during the course of development of the InterAmerican System have been roughly the following: (1) to give broader coverage to information on the bibliographical production of the Americas; (2) to make materials available to the various branches of the several governments; (3) to provide as complete coverage as possible of the official documents of foreign governments for the use of the legislative and executive offices; and (4) to acquire sufficient material from foreign nations so the foreign relations of the country may be carried on to the benefit of its own people. The distribution of publications by


Designed for MAHE students, this guide takes you through the Library's resources to improve your research. This is a short guide on searching strategies for websites and databases.


1 School for Environment and Sustainability, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 2 School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State Univ., Wooster, OH 44691, USA 3 W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ., Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA 4 Dep. of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA


A new multivariable decoupling control strategy is developed for looper height and tension control system of hot strip finishing mills.The stability of the closed-loop system is determined by the locus of characteristic transfer function.Also,coupling degree among the variables is determined by the angle misalignment curve.Using the controller designed with the characteristic locus method,the coupling degree between looper height and tension control system is reduced farthest.Finally,simulation results obtained with the Simulink toolbox of the Matlab language show that the decoupled multivariable control system has better performance.


Following a model-centric strategy in the development of a manufacturing process for a new medicine empowers the simultaneous study of a large number of process parameters, which is large enough to exceed the capability of a graphic representation of the interactions across them. This work presents a discussion regarding the identification, description, and communication of multidimensional design spaces of high order. It introduces the reader to mathematical tools developed by the process systems engineering community that become relevant in the challenge to replace graphics as a means to describe and communicate a design space. Concepts like process flexibility are discussed and illustrated. The paper also introduces geometric projection as a way to capture and describe the shape of the design space in an easier form (than that of the complete mechanistic model) that can be communicated to the regulator. An assessment is presented regarding the key elements communicated by a graphical representation of ...


The Croydon Tramlink is a 28.2Km light rail system in the London Borough of Croydon. It became fully operational on May 30, 2000 and it re-introduced street running light rail to London after an absence of almost 50 years. The three lines provide a fast, frequent and reliable connection to and through Croydon on an east-west axis, using modern light rail vehicles. The overall objective of the Impact Study was to understand the effect that the new system has on travel patterns and transport systems in the area. Such evidence, and potential improvements in model specification, will be invaluable in the development and appraisal of further public transport systems in London. The impact was assessed through carrying out pre- and post- opening studies.


The mission readiness environment is where spacecraft and ground systems converge to form the entire as built flight system for the final phase of operationally-themed testing. For most space missions, this phase starts between nine to twelve months prior to the planned launch. In the mission readiness environment, the goal is to perform sufficient testing to exercise the flight teams and systems through all mission phases in order to demonstrate that all elements are ready to support. As part of the maturation process, a mission rehearsal program is introduced to focus on team processes within the final flight system, in a more realistic operational environment. The overall goal for a mission rehearsal program is to: 1) ensure all flight system elements are able to meet mission objectives as a cohesive team; 2) reduce the risk in space based operations due to deficiencies in people, processes, procedures, or systems; and 3) instill confidence in the teams that will execute these first time flight activities. A good rehearsal program ensures critical events are exercised, discovers team or flight system nuances whose impact were previously unknown, and provides a real-time environment in which to interact with the various teams and systems. For flight team members, the rehearsal program provides experience and training in the event of planned (or unplanned) flight contingencies. To preserve the essence for team based rehearsals, this paper will explore the important elements necessary for a successful rehearsal program, document differences driven by Earth Orbiting (Aqua, Aura, Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP)) and Deep Space missions (New Horizons, Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)) and discuss common challenges to both mission types. In addition, large scale program considerations and enhancements or additional steps for developing a rehearsal program will also be considered. For NASA missions, the mission rehearsal phase is a key milestone for predicting and ensuring on-orbit success.