Odors are the cause for most air pollution complaints by citizens. Common sources of community odors include the following types of facilities: wastewater treatment, composting, landfills and industry. In communities across the country, odor issues are addressed in a variety of ways. Often odor regulations and ordinances place a limit on the strength of ambient odors. The strength of an odor in the ambient air is measurable using either a butanol intensity scale or a "scentometer" device. However, the odor inspector's olfactory sensitivity is a factor in measuring the odor strength in the ambient air. "Sniffin' Sticks" is a commercially available test of nasal chemosensory performance based on pen-like odor dispensing devices. A modified version of the standard "Sniffin' Sticks" odor threshold test was developed and administered to 39 Odor Inspectors of a Regulation Enforcement Agency. The Odor Inspectors were assessed approximately once a month during the months of January to October, where the majority of individuals were tested eight times. A measure of central tendency and variation was calculated for each of the Regional Agency Offices (n=6). Also, the test was administered to 39 Trained Odor Assessors of an Odor Evaluation Laboratory. The Assessors were tested twice during a single month. It was found that the mean individual score from the Odor Inspector group was 7.33 (s=1.47). The mean individual score from the Odor Assessor group was 9.45 (s=1.17). A z-test of the comparison of population means (α=0.05) showed that the mean group scores were statistically significant, thus the two sample populations could not have been drawn from the same statistical population. The purpose of a standardized nasal chemosensory test method is to determine the olfactory threshold of an individual or a group and compare this olfactory sensitivity data with other published normative values. This paper presents the findings from an initial test cycle in an ongoing study that will establish a reliable method for olfactory screening, provide olfactory threshold data for odor inspectors and assessors, and generated recommended performance criteria for odor inspectors, assessors and monitors. INTRODUCTION This paper presents a justification for a standardized method to test the nasal chemosensory performance of odor inspectors, odor investigators and odor monitors. A measurable element of an individual's chemosensory function is their odor detection threshold. An odor detection threshold is the point in which an observer becomes aware of an odorous substance (ASTM, 1997). Odor detection thresholds characterize an individual's and a group's sensitivity to odor. This characterization becomes essential in settings where individuals will be evaluating the strength of the odor in the ambient air and how it corresponds to the mandated acceptable levels of the odor. Thus, determining the sensitivity of the individual observing the odor is critical to support the accuracy of their assessment. A practice that describes a method of accurately obtaining the sensitivity of individuals and/or groups can be integrated into agencies with officers who serve as odor inspectors or into facilities with employees serving as odor monitors or complaint responders. Control of the test conditions and establishment of test criteria can generate data that is reliable and accurate. This data then serves as a reference for the reliability of the individual's ability to detect the odors they are observing. The test scores derived from olfactory screening are the most reliable when they are obtained following a standard test procedure. "Sniffin' Sticks" (Burghart) as an instrument for determining nasal chemosensory performance has been previously investigated. Many authors have described the routine use of these devices in medical clinics to determine olfactory capacities of patients (Hummel et al, 1997). In these studies, they have been effective in the measurement of individual olfactory threshold levels (sensitivity), using n-butanol as the reference odor. A multicenter investigation provided normative olfactory threshold values a large population of healthy subjects (n=551) in relation to different age group using the "Sniffin' Sticks" as the test instrument (Kobal, et al 2000). This previously published research supports using the "Sniffin' Sticks" as the test instrument for routine screening of nasal chemosensory performance in individuals who will be monitoring facility odors or enforcing odor limits. It is assumed that olfactory sensitivity varies as a result of random fluctuations in factors such as alertness, attention, fatigue, health status and variability of presentation techniques (ASTM, 1997). Thus, the precision of the results of an individual's olfactory threshold may be based on 1) the number of times that the individual takes the test and, 2) the clarity of directions under which the test is operated. It is recognized that the amount of training an individual receives influences their detection threshold. Establishing the necessary test criteria for the method of sample presentation for threshold determination was conducted in the present study. The current study attempts to obtain n-butanol thresholds for individuals in two test groups and the group scores based on an operating practice called the "Standard Procedure for Testing Individual Odor Sensitivity", utilizing "Sniffin' Sticks" as the test instrument. METHODOLOGY Odor screening was conducted using the Odor Pen Kit (St. Croix Sensory, Inc), which is a commercially available method for measuring the olfactory sensitivity. The Odor Pen Kit contains one set of "Sniffin' Sticks", a blindfold for the test individual, and odorless non-latex gloves for the test administrator (Figure 1). The "Sniffin' Sticks" pens are felt tip markers in which the pen is impregnated with an odor agent. The odor agent used for olfactory threshold screening is n-butanol. Fourteen pens contain the n-butanol solution at different concentrations and two pens are odorless. The "Sniffin' Sticks" manufacturer performed the preparation of the test solutions of n-butanol. Figure 1. The St. Croix Sensory Odor Pen Kit. Included in the picture are the blindfold, non-latex gloves and the set of 14 n-butanol pens (red) and odorless blank pens. All test individuals were tested following the same procedure. The procedure is called the "Standard Procedure for Testing Individual Odor Sensitivity". The objective is to identify the detection threshold of the test individual by correct detection of the odor pen in a triad. The presentation method of the odor pens is a triangular force choice method, also known as 3-Alternative Forced Choice (ASTM, 1997). A pen triad is made up of three pens, two are blank pens and a third is an odor pen. The test individual is required to distinguish between the three pens by declaring which pen contains an odor. If no odor is perceived, the test individual is to assign a response of guess to one of the three odor pens. After a response is made, the test proceeds to the next pen triad. The next triad contains an odor pen with a greater n-butanol concentration than the previous series. The logic of the test is that the potential for the test individual to identify the odor pen increases as the test moves to the next concentration level. The increasing concentration levels will continue until the test individual correctly identifies the odor pen in a triad for two test levels. The level where a pen is first correctly identified as the odor pen is the score for the test individual and thus the odor threshold score of the individual. The odor sensitivity score for each of the participants was calculated by averaging the odor pen number (concentration level) associated with their first correct detection of the n-butanol pen in the triad. The odor pens were sorted and presented in ascending concentrations of n-butanol. The concentration values of the odor pens is undetermined, therefore, quantitative n-butanol values are not available. Olfactory sensitivity was determined in two study groups, the Odor Inspectors and the Trained Odor Assessors. The Standard Procedure and the Odor Pen Kit was the method of assessment used for both groups (Figure 2). Figure 2. A Test Individual being administered a n-butanol pen from the Odor Pen Kit. The Odor Inspector study group was made up of six Regional Agency Offices. Each of the Regional Offices received an Odor Pen Testing Kit and a copy of the "Standard Procedure". The testing period began in January and is on-going. However, this paper represents data collected between January and October, 2003. The same Odor Pen Testing Kits were used throughout the entire testing period. Minor revisions were made to the Standard Procedure twice between January and October. Each Regional Office designated one Odor Inspector to serve as test administrator throughout the study. The test administrator learned the test method as described by the Standard Procedure. There was no consideration given to the age or sex of the Odor Inspector tested in the study. The number of Odor Inspectors in each of the offices ranged from 4 to 12 (Table 1). A total of 39 Odor Inspectors were tested. The number of times each Inspector was tested ranged from 1 to 10. The most common number of times an Inspector was tested was 8 (n=12). A threshold average emerged for each of the individuals. The Inspector's odor detection threshold was the mean of their test scores. The Trained Odor Assessor group was made up of 39 trained odor assessors. Participation in the study group was based on volunteerism. Age and gender were not considered as Assessor attributes for inclusion in the group. The testing occurred during September 2003. The number of times each assessor was tested was twice. The test administrator for all of the evaluations used the same Odor Pen Testing Kit. The Assessor's odor detection


When digital archives are increasingly becoming a space for knowledge production, construction, consumption, maintenance, dissemination, and amplification, the necessary questions to be interrogated are: Who has access to write, participate, and construct pasts, memories, and collective public imaginations through these digital domains? How can the ones who have access to engage in epistemological performances through digital archives make these domains a space to deconstruct essentialized identity categories forced upon the Other by the (hetero)patriarchal and/or imperial-colonial Self? And how can participatory design frameworks contribute to that? Triggered by these questions, my critical digital archival research project attempts at finding theories-praxes to make dialogic rooms in digital archives to build a relationship with historically, structurally, and/or systematically minoritized communities and their distinctive, transitory, plural, and conjunctural narratives. This paper introduces my ongoing doctoral project of the critical digital archive where I am documenting and theorizing a digital archive of my street photography in Nepal that I am building through participatory design frameworks with South Asian communities. In this paper, I offer a look at how the complexities and obstacles faced during UX research can enable technical communicators to rupture the essentialist foundation of identity constructions of Non-Western communities. My paper aims to communicate the necessity of conducting UX research through participatory-design frameworks not only to find answers to design technology but to see a way of completely subverting epistemic violence of colonial discourses through the "failure" to find answers.


I propose a halftone screen design method based on a human visual system model and the characteristics of the electro-photographic (EP) printer engine. Generally, screen design methods based on human visual models produce dispersed-dot type screens while design methods considering EP printer characteristics generate clustered-dot type screens. In this paper, I propose a cost function balancing the conflicting characteristics of the human visual system and the printer. By minimizing the obtained cost function, I design a model-based clustered-dot screen using a modified direct binary search algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the superior quality of the model-based clustered-dot screen compared to a conventional clustered-dot screen.


OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the content of gallic acid in Shiwei xihuangcao granules.METHODS:The sample was separated on DiamonsilTM C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with 0.1% phosphoric acid solution(containing 0.1% triethylamine)-methanol(95∶5)as mobile phase under a detection wavelength of 220 nm.RESULTS:The linear range of gallic acid was 0.1~0.5 μg(r=0.999 6)and its average recovery was 98.63%(RSD=0.4%,n=6).CONCLUSION:This method was proved to be simple,accurate,reproducible,and suitable for quality control of Sh-iwei xihuangcao granules.


In this paper, we describe our experiments for the Rich Speech Retrieval Task at the MediaEval Benchmark Initiative 2011. We start with a brief overview on the used framework and its structure. Our experiments indicate that a two-step retrieval approach and applying a spell checker can improve the quality of retrieval results in the given scenario. Finally, we discuss other techniques that may further improve the quality of the results.


The purpose of this report is to systematize the requirements of the regulatory framework for public enterprises regarding the disclosure of certain financial and non-financial information about their activities and resources management. An analysis of the nature of the required information leads to the conclusion that it is significantly closer to the concept of integrated reporting, where the activity, internal processes, the Company operation environment could be presented in their integrity and correlation.


Condition Based Monitoring techniques have been developed to monitor the condition of critical components in machines. The most widely used technique to detect damage in machine components is vibration monitoring, but there are areas where other methods could be a better option. Vibration measuring can also be used as a broader search for damage in components while other methods can specify the exact location and type of damage. Other CBM methods can be oil analysis, thermography, utltrasonics, Motor Current Signature Analysis, electrical testing and Coast Down Time.

The purpose of this master thesis is to define critical components in Tetra Pak converting machines, investigate possibilities of applying CBM techniques and to recommend and set up solutions for both converting lines.

To gather and analyze break down statistics, in the hope of identifying critical components, the software QlikView was used. Unfortunately, this did not give a better idea of the problem areas and another approach had to be taken; critical components were identified based on the cost for obtaining new parts and the lead time for them to be delivered. In this way two critical areas were identified; the drives in the extruder and printing stations.

The decision was to online monitor these drives with vibration measurements and different companies with online vibration monitoring systems were consulted. What company to use is difficult to say before executing test installations of the systems and analyses of the results, but all companies were willing to provide this service.

Placement of transducers on the components has been suggested. Variable rotational speeds, various diameters of cliche rolls and different print patterns in the printing stations can become a problem when teaching the system "normal vibrations", but this can be solved by triggering the system to only measure during specific conditions and process parameters. Another problem can be large thrust bearing in the extruder stations, which rotates with low rotational speed. This can probably be solved by using special shock pulse techniques for measuring at low rotational speeds or oil analysis on the return oil from the thrust bearing.


Abstract Two countable filters on ω are incompatible if they have no common infinite pseudointersection. Letting (Pf) denote the minimal size of a maximal uncountable family of pairwise incompatible countable filters on ω, we prove the consistency of t < a(Pf).


We have developed several prototypes of solar concentrators that are compact, light, and inexpensive. As an example of solar concentrators, we selected parabolic solar concentrators with plane mirrors that approximate the parabolic surface. The green energy is very important in modern world because of global climate change, which has caused disproportion in the ecological balance, population growth rates, an increase in demand for food and electricity against the backdrop of a decrease in arable land. They are now the main challenges to the development of agriculture and ensuring sustainable food security of many countries. In this paper, as one of the ways to address these challenges, the problems of combining crops with agrivoltaics are studied using the example of two countries – Mexico and Azerbaijan. The economy of both countries is based on oil production, relief and climate have many common features, which are expressed particularly in the abundance of solar radiation, the predominance of mountainous regions with remote and hard-to-reach settlements that need to create autonomous life support systems. A methodology is proposed for the evaluation of the impact of combinations of solar concentrators together with certain agricultural crops. The proposed mathematical model is simple and applicable for different cases of combination of solar concentrators and agricultural fields. The main problem for proposed solar concentrators is the automatization of the assembly process of these solar concentrators. We proposed two methods of assembly that is, using a parabolic rule and using a robotic arm with a stereoscopic vision system. Both methods are described in this article. The simulation of these processes was made with using software of SolidWorks


The behavior and interactions of one or more core black holes is described for the mass density environment of the galaxy core and comparisons made between this environment and that of a large spherical stellar system typical of an active galaxy. Data is presented for a range of galaxy types in local galaxy clusters that indicates jetting with kinetic energy greater than 1055 ergs from a collapsed object or system of objects in the galaxy core may have occurred during the very early phase of development of the Milky Way but is unlikely in later epochs.


A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), a kind of metabolite of chlorpyrifos in vegetables. The sample was extracted by acetone, and the extract was purified using hexane and DCM. The water was removed with anhydrous sodium sulfate. After condensation, the extract was dissolved into 1 mL of ethyl acetate and then derivatized with N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA), and finally the volume was adjusted to 1 mL using hexane. The analyte was detected by GC-MS, and an external standard method was used for quantifying TCP. The limit of detection was 8.3μg/kg, and the recovery rates of spiked sample were in the range of 70.4%-107.6% with relative standard deviation of 4.3%-8.7%. An excellent linear relationship was achieved in the range of 5-500μg/L with correlation coefficients over 0.99. This method is characteristics of accuracy, easy operation and can be applied for determining TCP in vegetables.


The paper sets from how to built the analog simulation model of a rooms temperature, on the base of the experience in fact and the theory of fuzzy mathematics, through matlab doing the simulating experiment ,controlling the rooms temperature.


Doubly-clamped beams offer an ideal structure for studying nonlinear mechanical coupling between different vibrational modes. Until now, there is lack of experimental data concerning the stiffening of higher modes induced by the ground mode. In this paper, we construct virtual experimental data for the nonlinear mechanical coupling of in- and out-of-plane modes of a doubly-clamped beam resonator using full transient FEM simulations. We find a very good agreement of the simulation results with a formula derived for in-plane modes by Owers-Bradley, Lulla et al. Finally, we generalize the formula to include out-of-plane modes, and show that also this case can be correctly described.


System Lightspeed) using the following parameters: 120 kV, 80 mA, rotation: 0.8 sec, pitch: 6, slice thickness: 2.5 mm, overlap: 1.8 mm, acquisition time: 10–12 sec. Navigation through the laryngo-tracheal lumen as well as reformatted coronal and sagittal images were performed on GE AW 4 workstation. The diameters of the larynx and cervical trachea were accurately measured. Results and Discussions: The pathological changes were: mural granulations, polypoid mass in the tracheal wall, tracheal wall flap and flap with a persistent tract. When the FOLT was performed it showed the same findings. Conclusion(s): VLT allows the dynamic assessment of the central airway and the diagnosis of mural deformities and stenosis. Being non-invasive and short in time, requiring no patient preparation, VLT is ideal for studying the larynx and trachea in former critically ill patients. This technique may offer an alternative to the FOLT examination.


*Correspondence firstname.lastname@example.com (Peng Li); email@example.com (Hong-Mei Wang); email@example.com (Xiao-Hua Zeng) †These authors contributed equally. Abstract Exosomes are membrane vesicles of an average 30–100 nm diameter formed by twice endocytosis of membrane, which play an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases. Exosomes are participated in the occurrence, development and metastasis of cervical cancer through various ways. Exosomes can also be used as drug delivery carriers or drug therapy targets, with great research potential.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of online learning using online media on learning achievement. The problem with this research is that there are limitations in any activities outside the home. The positive impact of this limitation can be interpreted from the condition of educational practitioners and students in carrying out academic activities by working from home which makes each individual who carries out his activities become more independent in maximizing the use of technology and information. Previously, not all individuals had the habit of working based on IT, but this condition made practitioners and students more accustomed and skilled in completing work with IT. This shows that this moment of social distancing has resulted in increased creativity and competence in carrying out their respective duties. This type of research uses descriptive quantitative methods and the subjects of this research are 4th semester students at STKIP Kumala Lampung Metro which is conducted online. In this study, the online media used included applications such as Google Classroom, WhatsApp and YouTube. The results of this study indicate that the t-count value for online media is 4.012 with a significance level of 0.001 then the online media variable has a positive and significant effect on the t-value (4.012) > t table (2.101) and the significant value (0.001) <0.05 . So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between online media variables (X) on learning achievement (Y). The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for lecturers and students on how to create a conducive learning atmosphere without having to meet face to face or gather together, as recommended by the government in tackling the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic.


Aim: The present study was conducted to detect the musculature variations during axillary dissection for breast cancer surgery. Methods: The anatomy of axilla regarding muscular variations was studied in 50 patients who had an axillary dissection for the staging and treatment of invasive primary breast cancer over one year. Results: In a period of one year, two patients (4%) with axillary arch and one patient (2%) with absent pectoralis major and minor muscles among fifty patients undergoing axillary surgery for breast cancer were identified. Conclusions: Axillary arch when present should always be identified and formally divided to allow adequate exposure of axillary contents, in order to achieve a complete lymphatic dissection. Complete absence of pectoralis major and minor muscles precludes the insertion of breast implants and worsens the prognosis of breast cancer.


A floating waterwheel which has a gearing system 16 which drives a shaft 18 in a single direction regardless of the direction of the tidal flow. The waterwheel 8 is located in a flow channel between two floats or pontoons which are joined by an underwater splicing 2 which raises the water to create the maximum force on the waterwheel blades. The whole structure is enclosed in a whether proof housing 12 and is fixed to piles 7 located in the sea or riverbed by sleeves which allow the device to rise and fall with the tides. There are doors 4 to shut off the water flow through the channel between the floats, a rubber strip curtain 6 to dampen large or rough waves from impacting on the waterwheel blades and a mesh 5 is also fitted across the flow channel to prevent large fish or mammals reaching the waterwheel paddles. Preferably the gearing system comprises a ratchet system with lock or slip collars.


AutoCAD is used widely in blueprint and analysis of technical parameters.This paper expounds and proves the relationship of obliquity and azimuth in CAD plane.Though actual instances,the application and function of AutoCAD has been extended in this paper.


Aims National health services are facing an increased burden of alcohol-related problems. Between 2019–2020, 280,000 hospital admissions were attributable to alcohol use (1). This was 2% higher than 2018–2019, and 8% higher than 2016–2017. The UK Government has taken some action by recommending a maximum weekly alcohol consumption limit in units; however it is unclear whether psychiatrists are aware of these recommendations. It can often be difficult to calculate accurately the units of alcohol consumed, due to differences in the alcohol concentration of apparently similar drinks (3). The aim of this online survey was to assess junior doctors' knowledge and their understanding of alcohol unit conversions. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, administered via an online questionnaire. We invited junior and middle grade doctors working in Psychiatric Inpatient Units and CMHTs in the North Wales region via e-mail. We have used the same questionnaire that was used in previous studies. The questionnaire captured respondents' training level, their current alcohol consumption and perception about their knowledge of alcohol unit conversions, as well as assessing their knowledge about alcohol unit conversions using four test scenarios. The data were gathered using the Microsoft office forms (online) and analysed descriptively (i.e., frequency and percentage) using Microsoft Excel. Results Twenty-three medical doctors working in Psychiatry completed the online questionnaire, of which the majority were junior doctors (n = 15; 65%). Almost three-quarters of the respondents (n = 17; 74%) reported regular consumption of alcohol. The majority of respondents (n = 20; 86%) reported that they had knowledge of alcohol units. Nearly half of the respondents were able to calculate correct daily allowance of alcohol in units for males (n = 13; 56%) and for female (n = 12; 52%). Twelve respondents were able to calculate the correct allowance in units for both genders. About one quarter of the respondents (n = 5; 22%) mentioned weekly limits instead of daily limits of alcohol in units. In response to test scenarios, seven respondents (30%) were able to correctly calculate 9 units of alcohol in a 750ml bottle of 12% wine. Ten respondents (43%) were able to correctly calculate 30 units in the bottle of whiskey. For the lager scenario, the volume was given in pints, and only one respondent was able to calculate 47.6 units correctly. For a wine (36.4 units) and sherry (12 units), only 6 (26%) and 4 (17%) respondents answered correctly, respectively. Conclusion We found that medical doctors working in psychiatry do not have adequate knowledge of alcohol unit conversions. To tackle the increasing burden of alcohol-related problems, learning about alcohol unit conversions should be incorporated into teaching programmes for psychiatry practitioners.


This research is motivated by the discipline of praying fardhu prayers for junior high school students who are still low. Modeling technique is one of the techniques in group guidance that applies learning steps by imitating and utilizing group dynamics to be led by researchers. The purpose of this research is to 1) find out whether there is an increase in worship discipline before and after being given the modeling technique, 2) find out whether there is a difference in worship discipline before and after being given the modeling technique. The researcher used a pre-experimental quantitative approach with an intact group comparison design. The population in this research is junior high school students in Turi Village, totaling 20 students, while the sample is 14 junior high school students who have low and very low worship discipline categories, with the division of 7 students for the experimental class and 7 students for the control class. Hypothesis testing using paired sample t-test and n-gain score test. The results obtained are sig. (2 tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, and the experimental group's mean value is -69.286, the control group is known to have -2,000 mean value. The results of the n-gain score test in the experimental group obtained an average value of 67%, for the control group the average value was 2%. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the mean value of the experimental group is higher than the mean value of the control group. So it can be said that the modeling technique is effective in improving the worship discipline of junior high school students in Turi Village.


Abstract : New chiral diazapyridino-18-crown-6 macrocycles 1-5 (Figure 1) have been prepared. Cyclization of chiral diols 6-10 containing two methyl or two benzyl substituents or both two methyl and two phenyl substituents with 2,6-pyridinedimethyl ditosylate in the presence of sodium hydride gave the symmetrical macrocyclic ligands 1-5. 1-5 have three equally spaced nitrogen atoms in the ring which should form ideal tripod hydrogen bonds with chiral organic ammonium salts.


Some model direct problems of pulse sensing are considered. The suggested numerical algorithms based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) schemes utilize the exact conditions on virtual boundaries for truncating the computational domain. The numerical results obtained confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach. All programs are completed with a vivid interface.


Introduction. A considerable amount of children with anxiety disorders do not benefi t suffi ciently from cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT). Th e present study examines the predictive role of child temperament, parent temperament, and parenting style in the context of treatment outcome. Method. Participants were 145 children and adolescents (ages 8-18) with DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorders who received a 12-session CBT program and were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment and three months follow-up. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the following pretreatment and posttreatment variables as potential predictors of treatment response at follow-up: baseline level of anxiety symptoms, child reported maternal and paternal rearing style (emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection), parent reported child temperament traits (negative aff ect, eff ortful control, and extraversion), and mothers' and fathers' self-report temperament traits. Results. More maternal negative aff ect and less emotional warmth as perceived by the child before treatment were related to less favorable treatment outcome (accounting for 29% of the variance in anxiety at follow-up). Furthermore, maternal negative aff ect and children's extraversion measured after treatment also predicted anxiety at follow-up (together accounting for 19% of the variance). Paternal temperament and parenting style were unrelated to treatment outcome, as were children's pretreatment temperament traits. Conclusion. Th e results suggest that tailoring intervention to include strategies to reduce maternal negative aff ect and promote an emotional warm rearing style may improve treatment outcome.


Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has morbidity due to bile duct injuries about 0.3% to 0.5% [1]. The main technique used for gallbladder dissection is infundibulum technique. Critical view of safety method is identification of the cystic duct and cystic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and it is used to minimize risk of bile duct injury. Several studies confirm the routine use of critical view of safety technique eliminate the chance of bile duct injury. First introduced by Steven Strasberg 1992 [1]. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study compared the critical view of safety with infundibular technique regarding operative time, and bile duct injuries. We had 487 patients with critical view of safety and 534 with infundibular technique done at Misurata cancer center between January 2012 and December 2015. Indication of surgery were acute cholecystitis and biliary colic. All operations done by both young and experienced surgeons. Results: There were 1021 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 483 with critical view of safety technique, 538 patients with infundibular technique. The mean operative time in critical view of safety is 57 minutes while in infundibulum technique is 43 minute. Risk of cystic duct stump leak in critical view of safety is 0.4%, while in infundibulum technique is 0.6%. The risk of major bile duct injuries in critical view of safety in our study is 0%, while in infundibulum technique is 0.4%. Conclusion: The risk of bile duct injuries is the main concern in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Critical view of safety technique in compared to infundibulum technique has a little increase in the operative time and less bile duct injuries.


Myasthenia Gravis (MG) in an autoimmune disease associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency at the motor endplate. This deficiency is thought to be due to circulating acetylcholine antibodies that result in the deposition of immune complexes (IgG and complement) on the post synaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction1. Osserman and Genkins, both physicians at Mount Sinai Hospital, published a clinical classification of MG that is still widely used2.


We conduct a study to determine when best to provide reminders by recognizing the interruption relations that occur in human behaviors. A model based on Petri Net to describe the execution of multiple activities is proposed. This approach aids the automatic analysis of activity interruption and supports adaptive prompting. We describe our experience in building a medication system that provides context-aware reminders for elder adults to take their medication. Experimental results show that our system can improve users' medication adherence in an efficient and flexible way.


Since the advent of the acellular pertussis vaccine, safety testing has been carried out using the Histamine Sensitisation Assay (HIST assay). This assay is crude in nature and involves large numbers of mice to ensure statistically relevant output. In this work, a permeability assay is described that is a viable alternative to the HIST assay. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used in a permeability assay to distinguish a preparation of DTaP5-IPV-Hib vaccine spiked with pertussis toxin (PTx) from a second control preparation. Using this assay, permeability of the HUVEC monolayer was determined to be a reliable indicator of PTx activity. TNF-α secretion was quantified to determine if there was a correlation with permeability, however, it was highly variable between blood donors. Therefore, it was likely that the permeability was the result of direct interaction between PTx and the HUVECs. Tight junctional (TJ) dysregulation as demonstrated by immunostaining the TJ complex and measuring the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was investigated as the primary cause of PTx-induced permeability. Subsequent investigation into gap junction functionality corroborated this as a reduction in connexin functionality was observed which can be partially explained by TJ dysfunction, however, PTx was also shown to impair connexin 43 deposition at the plasma membrane, demonstrating that TJ expression could be used as alternative and/or combination assay. Additionally, Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) was carried out to directly image PTx activity within the HUVECs, by imaging endogenous NADH fluorescence. PTx activity was shown to be associated with a small increase in protein-bound NADH and since FLIM is non-destructive this allowed other experiments to be carried out on the same generation of HUVECs. In conclusion, the permeability assay described here is capable of detecting PTx in vaccine preparations at concentrations below the required threshold of 4 IU/ml PTx.


The results of the study of the influence of changes in the area of the flow section in the seat of selfacting valves with elastomeric elements on the characteristics of low-speed compressor stages are presented. A method of experimental research of low-speed compressor stages with the possibility of obtaining instantaneous parameters of the gas state in the working chamber of the stage and its integral characteristics and an experimental stand for its implementation have been developed. The results of comparative experimental studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the valve design with a variable cross-sectional area of the seat in comparison with known designs — an increase in the feed coefficient and isothermal indicator efficiency is at least 10...15%.


It is assumed that a linear polymer solution may be represented as a suspension of impermeable macromolecule spheres. In the film-forming procedure, spheres at the interface form a monolayer and then partially coalesce with each other. Their size, disposition and degree of coagulation are dependent on the casting composition and subsequent film-forming procedure.

This 'interstitial void model' is applied to Reverse Osmosis (RO) / Ultrafiltration (UF) films. Results indicate that an RO membrane skin layer is at least one monolayer thickness of predominantly close-packed partially coalesced macromolecule spheres. Variations in the casting conditions influence the surface morphology and may cause defects in the monolayer, comparable to voids formed by the surrounding of four or more spheres.

The interstitial void model verifies the existence of a bimodal distribution of pores on the skin layer of polymeric RO/UF membranes. The general RO membrane fabrication requirements are that the casting macromolecules be small and packed closely together at the interface during the membrane forming procedure.


The aim of our effort is to reach higher quality of the resulting speech coded by a very low bit rate (VLBR) segmental coder. The basic units are found automatically in a training database using temporal decomposition and vector quantization. They are modeled by HMM. Then two methods of re-segmentation are used in order to find new longer units. In the first approach borders are set to the centers of previous units. In the second, borders are fixed to the centers of middle HMM states of previous units. The number of frames in new units is conditioned to be bigger than a fixed constant. Hence, new units can consist of several previous segments. Decreasing transition noise of the resultant speech was obtained using these techniques.


Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) will generally receive either haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, this last treatment is underused, as many patients are deemed in...


Pulmonary vascular structure was analysed using morphometric techniques, and arterial wall abnormalities in lung biopsy specimens taken from 85 cases of ventricular septal defect, aged 3 weeks to 30 years were described. The defect was closed in 53 patients, 12 died at operation and 11 survivors were recatheterized. Structural examination revealed a characteristic pathological picture which appeared to precede classical grade IV pulmonary vascular disease. This predilatation phase was identified by finding pre‐acinar obstructive intimal proliferation or fibrosis, associated with only a slight increase in intra‐acinar arterial muscularity, in the absence of stigmata of grade IV disease in patients with a pulmonary resistance greater than 6 units m2. Predilatation features occurred in 62 per cent of patients who either died at repair or who had post‐operative pulmonary hypertension. These findings help identify a high risk group in whom resistance is higher than expected in the absence of classical grade IV changes. In addition, a marked increase in muscularity without intimal obstruction can also be associated with a pre‐operative resistance of more than 6 units m2. The presence of medial hypertrophy only does not ensure either survival or a normal postoperative pulmonary arterial pressure. Early intra‐cardiac repair is recommended before obstructive intimal fibrosis develops during the second year.


The incidence of east coast fever in areas where the disease is endemic is associated with the common occurrence of the usual tick vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Outbreaks of the disease in other areas are sporadic or seasonal, and although, in many such instances, R. appendiculatus has been found either in isolated localities, or very sparsely distributed over the whole of an infected area, in other cases it has not been possible to collect even a single specimen of this tick. Collections of ticks from infected farms in these sporadic areas comprise such species as Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus capensis, R. simus and R. evertsi or Hyalomma spp., Amblyomma spp., Rhipicephalus pulchellus and R. neavei.


Abstract: This project presents the modified Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm and this algorithm is the one most tracking technique. The proposed system is used to avoid the drift problem in the PV system by adding the information of change in current and in addition to change in power and change in voltage. The existing system of P&O tracking method suffers from drift because increase in insolation. And the drift effect is severe in the PV system rapidly increase in insolation which generally occurs in cloud days. Mainly drift occurs in P&O algorithm the sudden change in atmosphere conditions. This modified P&O algorithm the single ended primary inductance converter is considered to avoid drift free problem using direct duty ratio control technique. The proposed algorithm accurately track the maximum power and avoids drift in fast changing weather conditions.


Paroxysmal demyelinating events produced sudden onset, transient, recurrent symptoms that were troublesome to our patient and puzzled the referring clinician who mistook them for transient ischaemic attacks or epilepsy. It was important to recognise the true nature of the underlying problem because the symptoms could then be readily treated; this is especially critical because the symptoms, in this case, represent a relapse of multiple sclerosis and, therefore, are significant for examination during the diagnosis.


INTRODUCTION
Schneiderian membrane perforation (SMP), which is usually readily manageable, is the most common intraoperative complication of sinus elevation surgery. Some evidence suggests that SMP is associated with increased risk for postoperative complications, including maxillary sinusitis. Antral wall discontinuity is an acquired condition that may increase SMP likelihood and lead to larger, less-manageable perforations.

CASE PRESENTATION
A generally healthy patient receiving sinus elevation surgery exhibited an antral wall discontinuity in the palatine process of the maxilla. The osseous defect was isolated intraoperatively, and the Schneiderian membrane was sharply dissected from the palatal connective tissue. Favorable augmentation of the maxillary sinus was noted on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment at postoperative month 34.

CONCLUSION
Antral wall discontinuity (fusion of the Schneiderian membrane with the periosteum of the maxilla) is a condition identifiable on preoperative CBCT images, which may increase the incidence and severity of SMP during sinus elevation procedures. Careful assessment for integrity of antral osseous walls prior to surgery is essential. Presence of antral wall discontinuity may obligate modifications to the surgical plan, or in some cases, contraindicate sinus elevation surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In this thesis we apply deep reinforcement learning to the problem of recom-
mending music. A content-based approach is taken, and features from music
is extracted with a pretrained deep learning music-tagger. For training, user-
interactions are simulated.


This paper describes DUTIR at TREC 2007 Blog Track. In data preprocessing, a non English language list created from the corpus was used to remove the non English blogs, blog templates were also used to extract the post and comment; in Opinion Retrieval task, information in the meta tags were also indexed; in the polarity subtask, a method based on SVM was used and the Information Gain attribute selecting method was used to assist SVM; in Feed Distillation task, three type of feeds were analyzed according to their tag structure, information extracted from particular tags of the feeds were finally indexed.


Poetic influence, to many critics, is just something that happens, a transmission of ideas and images, and whether or not influence causes anxiety in the later poet is regarded as a problem of temperament or circumstance. But the ephebe cannot be Adam early in the morning. There have been too many Adams, and they have named everything. The burden of unnaming prompts the true wars fought under the banner of poetic influence, wars waged by the perversity of the spirit against the wealth accumulated by the spirit, the wealth of tradition.


We present a study of the structural properties of the crystalline phases for a planar bilayer of particles interacting via repulsive Yukawa potentials in the weak screening region. The study is done with Monte Carlo computations and the long-ranged contributions to energy are taken into account with the Ewald method for quasi–two-dimensional systems. Two first-order phase transitions (fluid-solid and solid-solid) and one second-order transition (solid-solid) are found when the surface density is varied at constant temperature. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the crystalline phases by the analysis of bond orientational order parameters and center-to-center correlations functions.


This memo describes a one-way measurement of an IPsec packet edge-to-
edge delay. Delay detection is enabled by a sender of an IPsec packet
that includes a timestamp declaring the time at which it was sent. The
receiver of the datagram can then judge how recently it was sent and
choose a policy action, which could include discarding packets deemed
to be 'too old' (having a timestamp too far into the past) or
'too new' (having a timestamp that is too far into the future).
This provides a freshness policy check, which can be valuable
irrespective of whether the IPsec policy also includes replay
protection.


Very high resolution space borne imagery is essential for a large scale and very detailed urban monitoring and the Quickbird sensor is one of those. It offers images with a spatial resolution of 0.61 m (panchromatic) and 2.44 m (four multispectral bands). Not only a mapping and cadastral surveying of urban objects can be done based on that kind of imagery. A special task is the detection of changed urban objects such as buildings and altered surface materials. This paper compares three different indices for their usability of detecting changes and finally presents a mixture of indices working best for the differentiation of man made urban objects.


We will address in this search for an important issue in the field of the computer world, which has grown a tremendous way in the late twentieth century and become the defining feature more diverse and complicated at the same time, known as the software development life cycle which is about five models they waterfall model and Incrementalmodel-shaped v model Spiral and RAD model and we will address the advantages and disadvantages of each model, the main objective of this research is the representation of the different models of software development work and compare


This study explores how English writers falsely portray the indigenous people of the British colonies in novels. During the first two decades of the twentieth century, in particular, authors of Imperialist fiction often misrepresent natives in the British colonies as deviant, detestable, deplorable beings that lack moral compasses. By researching the fields of literature, history, education, and cultural studies, I will examine how George Orwell's novel Burmese Days distorts descriptions of the Burmese people. Previous studies on Burmese Days focus mainly on misrepresentations of the Burmese as a homogenous race; however, my research will encompass how literary distortions target multiple ethnic Burmese tribes and how the British imperial curriculum further perpetuates prejudice against the Burmese in colleges and universities throughout the British Empire. Through inaccurate teachings, college English professors and secondary school professors propagate the notion that European races are superior to the indigenous people of Burma. I will focus primarily on British imperialism, the imperial curriculum, and postcolonial studies to substantiate how Orwell's novel had and continues to have a profound influence on how readers view the Burmese. I argue that the pedagogy of all literature is scrutinized through multiple fields of study to uncover any altered or invented versions of history about non-European people and their culture. Educators who teach Burmese Days must present students with material from other disciplines to give readers the information they need to comprehend the Burmese and their culture better and to reduce the continual perpetuation of racism in education.


The Council has approved an updated charging policy for all residential and non-residential social work services to take effect from 1 April 2015.


The skin is the largest organ that provides not only the unique, wide palette of color tones distinctive to human race, but also the critical protection needed against potentially harmful chemical, biological and environmental agents. Besides the natural process of ageing affecting the entire body as a complex biological system, skin additionally undergoes photo-ageing due to its continuous exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Signs of the biological ageing affecting the skin usually encompass changes in the texture (fine lines, deep wrinkles), firmness of cutaneous tissue (collagen destruction, tissue atrophy), vascular disorders (spider veins) and pigmentation heterogeneities (age spots, uneven skin tone) (Flament et al., 2013). While the natural ageing process depends on time and genetics and is unavoidable, the photoageing can be prevented by reducing the exposure to the damaging effects of the UV (from sun or artificial sources) that aggravate the other signs of natural ageing. Short and long term protection of the skin against the action of potentially harmful agents can be achieved by repeated applications of cosmetic products that provide mostly superficial effects intended primarily to cleanse and beautify the skin (Saraf and Kaur, 2010). Weather from natural sources or synthetic, the ingredients included in the composition of finished cosmetic products are selected for their demonstrated capacity to nourish the health, texture and integrity of the skin and to confer photo-protection (Draelos, 2010). In response to the increasing demand from consumers, cosmetic industry is continuously searching for novel, multifunctional, safe and efficacious ingredients formulated into products claiming benefits appealing to the consumer and preferably tested without the need of animals (Secchi et al., 2016). Both European and U.S. authorities require claims substantiation although the processes differ in several practical aspects. In the European Union, the cosmetic standards are set by the European Commission which then enforces their use by regulatory authorities of member countries that require manufacturers to register cosmetic products and provide proof of claims before the products reach the consumers (OJ EU L342, 2009). In the U.S., the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and Federal Trade Commission have jurisdiction over cosmetic claims and individual states also have regulatory authority. Pre-market clearance of safety/ efficacy is not required (except for color additives), however manufacturers are expected to supply scientific support of the claims when requested by authorities. The safety and/or efficacy claims accompanying the cosmetic products may be based on the collective weight of evidence supplied by peer-reviewed scientific literature, patents, expert opinions, suppliers' data, as well as by reliable, reproducible and statistically relevant scientific results of pre-clinical or clinical studies. Highlighting the biological effect of a unique ingredient or desirable benefit often provides the much needed fine-tuned market margin that successfully promotes new products to consumers.


Pediatric patients often require metered‐dose inhaler (MDI) with holding chamber (HC) to overcome lack of coordination when receiving inhaled therapy. In infants and young children unable to use a mouthpiece, it is necessary to use a mask interface. We compared the effect of varying mask static dead volume (SDV), respiratory rate (RR), and tidal volume (VT) on albuterol captured at the mouth opening (ACMO) in an in vitro model.


Objective To assess the safety of emergent invasive treatment in severe postpartum hemorrhage. Methods Invasive treatment was performed in 18 patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage. The operation time, therapeutic effect, collateral circulation of uterus feeding arteries, pathological changes in uterine muscle after embolization and radiation dose received by the ovary during operation were investigated for safety assessment. Results (1) All eighteen patients who had been failed to conservative treatment were successfully cured with invasive treatment. The duration of hemostasis was 3 to 10 minutes, mean time (6±4) minutes. The operation time was 30 to 50 minutes, mean time (39±5) minutes. (2) Although both sides of internal iliac arteries or uterine arteries were embolized, a small amount of blood supply for uterus remains from ovary arteries, from branches external iliac arteries and from other arteries. (3) Uterine biopsies were performed in 3 patients 5 to 10 days after the invasive treatments for pathological examinations. Pathological findings showed that the necroses of uterine muscles were disconnected and the whole areas were blow 1/4. (4) The mean radiation dose received by the ovary in 5 cases was (17±7) cGy, which was within the safe limit. Conclusions The use of the emergency invasive treatment is safe in severe postpartum hemorrhage.


The problem of prevention and treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars is of current importance. Intensity of scars may depend on numerous factors: depth of skin lesion, character of wound healing, method of treatment and prescription of injury, localization and disorder of regeneration. The majority of researchers consider that mechanism of forming of pathologic scars is connected with disorder of correlation between synthesis and destruction of collagen. Others believe that disoder in relations between fibroblast and macrophage has the leading role in this process. According to the literature data the reason of their onset is chronic inflammation, hypoxia, immunologic shifts. Treatment of this pathology is accompanied by solving of number of problems which is proved by applied of numerous methods, techniques and means. The latest researches prove the possibilities of correction of trophic disorders in the zone of pathologic changes, normalization of ratio of metabolic processes and also antiinflammation and immunomodulatory effect of ozonotherapy. These researches let us suppose about the influence of ozone upon forming of healing tissue of skin.


During the 11th Five-Year Plan period,the development of power industry is facing the opportunities as well as the challenges from the sustainable development of national economy,society and the environment.The telecommunication system is an important support for safe,stable and efficient operation in power grid;therefore,the implementation of 11th Five-Year Telecommunication Plan has great significance for power grid development.This paper points out that to ensure a smooth implementation of the 11th Five-Year Plan,efforts should be focused on resource optimization,coordinated growth and enhanced management,based on a solid foundation of continued innovation and development.


The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) has been designed for providing images with high sensitivity and resolution by means of optical/infrared interferometry. It will require specific methods for data reduction since the image of an astronomical object will be obtained from a set of interferometric images corresponding to different orientations of the baseline. In this paper we first stress an interesting analogy between the images of LBT and the projections in Computer Tomography (CT). Next we use this analogy for extending to LBT some iterative restoration methods developed for CT, such as ML-EM (Maximum Likelihood- -Expectation Maximization), its accelerated version OS-EM (Ordered Subjects--Expectation Maximization) and the improved version RAMLA (Row-Action Maximum Likelihood Algorithm). These iterative methods approximate solutions of the Maximum Likelihood problem in the case of Poisson noise. We also consider iterative methods which have been proposed for solving the same problem in the case of Gaussian noise, in particular the Iterative Space Reconstruction Algorithm and the Projected Landweber method. All these methods are implemented and tested by means of some simulated LBT images.


When English clubs and the game's governing bodies and organizations turned off their Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram accounts from April 30 to May 1, 2021, the fight against online racism regained a new momentum. However, the Tokyo Olympics revealed new aspects of online bullying that athletes may face during major sporting events. Despite the significant effort put into online hate speech detection research in general, hate speech detection against athletes requires a separate investigation. We show in this paper that abusive language directed at athletes is more varied and difficult to detect. We began with the introduction of the collected data from online comments aimed at three athletes competing in the Tokyo Olympics 2020. Followed by conducting an extensive classification experiments of the collected data to demonstrate its diversity in comparison to other hate speech datasets. This was done to demonstrate that Active Learning outperforms Supervised Learning in hate speech detection against athletes.


Increasing needs at ever higher frequencies in high resolution frequency metrology pose increasing demands on electronics. Available low phase noise isolation amplifiers Inay well be inadequate for the coming era. Designing amplifiers suitable for this purpose is no easy task. They must have high outputto-input isolation, low noise, wide bandwidth with near unity gain, and the capability of handling with low distortion relatively high power levels (up to 13 dBm). In this paper the design philosophy of a new type of isolation amplifier is illustrated, and the results obtained with a small number of prototypes are reported. Highlights of these are: unity gain with a 3 dB bandwidth of 350 MHz, isolation in excess of 140 dB up to 100 MHz, phase noise floor at -168 dBc/Hz with corner frequency about 300 Hz (at 13 dBm drive level), delay stability in excess of a few ps/OC at 100 MHz, and very good input and output matching to 50 fl.


This pest species utilizes a wide range of hosts. It has been reported from over 100 different host plants belonging to more than 30 different families of which the adventive populations in South America are recorded from 11 different plant families and close to 30 hosts (Sauers-Muller, 2005; Malavasi et al., 2013; Adaime et al., 2016). The USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI) (Liquido et al., 2016) provides an extensive host list with detailed references. While Garcinia mangostana is listed as a host by Allwood et al. (1999), it was shown by Unahawutti et al. (2014) that B. carambolae females cannot oviposit in undamaged fruits of this species.


AbstractThe authors describe a new radiative transfer model of the Venus atmosphere (RTM) that includes optical properties from nine gases and four cloud modes between 0.1 and 260 μm. A multiple-stream discrete ordinate flux solver is used to calculate solar and atmospheric infrared fluxes with a prescribed temperature profiles and calculate radiative–convective equilibrium temperatures using the model.Components of the RTM are validated using observations from Pioneer Venus and Venus Express. A visible bond albedo of 0.74 and subsolar surface visible flux of 50 W m−2 [4.0% of the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) insolation] are calculated for a suitable temperature and composition profile derived from the Venus International Reference Atmosphere. Solar fluxes are simulated over a range of latitudes and good agreement is found with results from the Pioneer Venus probes and Venera landers. TOA infrared fluxes are compared with Venus Express observations and found to compare well at all observed wavelengths.The RTM ...


OBJECTIVES
Supraglottic devices are now considered first-line tools for managing the difficult airway.
Our main aim was to compare the percentage of successful blind intubations achieved with the Ambu AuraGain and
LMA Fastrach devices.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Randomized, single-blind, parallel group trial. The following variables were analyzed: adequate ventilation,
visualization of the glottis on the Brimacombe scale, success of blind intubation, and adverse events.

RESULTS
The devices were inserted in 80 patients (40 per group). Adequate ventilation was achieved with both devices,
in 92.5% in the AuraGain group and in 95% in the LMA group. The AuraGain provided a better view of the
glottis on 2 attempts (P<.001). The rate of intubation success was higher with the LMA (70%) than with the AuraGain
(17.5%) (P<.001). Hoarseness and signs of bleeding were observed more often with the AuraGain device than
with the LMA: hoarseness, 12.5% vs 0%, respectively, P.027; blood, 17.5% vs 0%, P=.006

CONCLUSION
Even though the 2 devices are similarly effective, blind intubation was superior with the LMA Fastrach
mask


For studying the total reflection tunnel effect of 1-D solid-liquid cylindrical phononic crystal,the transition matrix method is adopted to calculate the transmissivity of the elastic wave when the incident angle is greater than the full reflection angle.The total reflection tunnel effect has been found in the transmission wave.The response curves of the frequency of the total reflection tunnel effect peak versus the mode quantum number have been obtained and the response curves of the total reflection tunnel effect peak versus the radius of the cylinder have been obtained and the response curves of the number of the total reflection tunnel effect peak versus the cycle number have also been obtained.The total reflection tunnel effect of the 1-D phononic cyrstal has been explained qualitatively and theoretically with the wave quantum theory and the evanescent wave theory.


High freight rates for recycled materials are challenged in national Association of Recycling Industries, Inc. v. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) on the grounds that the rates are discriminatory and a disincentive to recycling. Rail rate increases have traditionally been allowed on the basis of the need for revenue without regard for the costs in resource depletion. A U.S. District Circuit Court ruled the ICC was at fault for upholding the rates as lawful and for not complying with environmental goals of Congress. The removal of transportation barriers is necessary before recycling industries can compete in the market with virgin natural resources.


This report concludes that there are some significant issues around how well nursing students and mentors understand pre-registration FtP processes, as well as important related issues around disability discrimination and the role of students as whistle-blowers. There is an opportunity for HEIs to take positive action to better educate students and mentors about FtP processes, to reduce the high levels of anxiety and fear around FtP, to promote positive attitudes around disability, and to better educate and support students in acting as whistle-blowers.


The method of simultaneous analysis of Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Sarafloxacin in bovine muscle was developed with an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrum. Acetonitrile was used to extract the residues from bovine muscle, and the acetonitrile resolution was concentrated and dried by the rotary evaporator. The residues were dissolved with mobile phase after cleaned with hexane. The lower layer was detected by the UPLC-MS/MS. The separation was achieved on a Waters Acquity BHE C18 column, and the detection was by the MRM mode of the mass spectrum. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.05 μg·L-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.1 μg·L-1 all of the three substances. The average recoveries of 50 μg·kg-1 and 100 μg·kg-1 two spiked concentration levels are 63.70%-89.25%, and the RSD (n=3) is 0.45%-8.78%.


The number and arrangement of arginine (Arg) residues in protein chains contribute greatly to the selective capturing of proteins on a designed adsorbent consisting of organic phosphate functionalized fibrous SiO2 microspheres, and the efficient depletion of high abundance Arg-rich protein species from human plasma is achieved.


Abstract : Retrofit enclosure of gas furnaces to supply outside combustion and dilution air may save up to 6 percent of natural gas usage in cold climates. The cost effectiveness of this retrofit should be calculated for each opportunity as insta lled costs will vary widely depending on local building codes and furnace location. A freezing hazard exists for water heaters and lines which might be encloseded with furnace.


Consistent with the recent national trend to dismantle or limit the scope of regulatory agencies and controls, the military services are taking increasing advantage of competition to secure low, realistic prices and costs, as well as improved performance and reliability, for weapons and replacement parts. Using the purchase of combat aircraft and related systems as examples, this article assesses the effects of market structure on competition. Although competition can be effective, the unusual incentives flowing from interservice rivalry and the parochial interests of individual legislators often allow contractors to underbid or "buy in" on early development and production contracts and to "get well" on later contracts. Expanding the role of competition within the present institutional framework holds the potential for some improvement in the procurement process. More fundamental change is necessary to alter the role of Congress and eliminate the influence of undesirable rivalry among the services.


Why? Aristotle's arguments are tautological: "The just... is a species of the proportionate.... For proportion is equality of ratios, and involves four terms at least...; and the just, too, involves at least four terms, and the ratio between one pair is the same as that between the other pair; for there is a similar distinction between the persons and between the things. As the term A, then, is to B, so will C be to D, and therefore, alternatively, as A is to C, B will be to D.... The conjunction, then, of the term A with C and of B with D is what is just in distribution, and this species of the just is intermediate, and the unjust is what violates the proportion; for the proportional is intermediate, and the just is proportional." No further logical reasons are advanced. What then is the source of the well nigh universal belief that when something is to be shared, what is fair is what is proportional? Is it simply a question of tradition? Should one agree with Blaise Pascal when he says, "Custom makes equity for the sole reason that it is received; it is the mysterious foundation of its authority"? It is my belief that our collective acceptance of proportionality as the ultimate measure of justice is due to a more fundamental concept that lurks in the background, but whose implications are rich for our understanding of what is equitable: I call it coherence.


Telehealth delivered occupational therapy services are increasing, and students will need to be prepared to safely and ethically deliver telehealth services. Occupational therapy education standards require that students demonstrate knowledge of telehealth and related technology. However, there is a limited discussion in the literature on how programs are preparing students to deliver services via telehealth. This explanatory mixed methods study examined telehealth education in entry-level occupational therapy programs to understand if and how students are learning about telehealth. The quantitative portion involved a survey of 429 occupational therapy programs in the United States. The qualitative part involved four survey respondents in an interview. The low survey response rate (11.89%; N=51) brings into question if programs are comfortable talking about how they are meeting telehealth education standards. Survey respondents reported the use of lecture (98%) and electronic health records (55.1%) as the most frequently cited methods to deliver educational content about telehealth. Half of the programs did not include interactive content for students to apply telehealth knowledge and skills. The least frequently cited content included interaction with robotic arms (2.2%), telemonitoring (20%), provision of services through telehealth (20%), and use of gaming systems (23.9%). Three themes emerged from the interviews: educational activities, telehealth technology, and curriculum planning. Participants discussed a desire to add content and strategies for overcoming barriers to telehealth education such as utilizing existing technology and utilizing resources and experts. Telehealth education is not advancing as quickly as needed for application in practice. Students could benefit from added telehealth learning opportunities to become competent in telehealth service delivery. Published by Encompass, 202


Abstract Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized as dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality resulting in distress or impairment of social, occupational, or other daily functioning. It is unknown if there are medical conditions that have strong associations with insomnia but are unrecognized in previous literature. In this cross-sectional study based on IBM Marketscan Research Databases, we measured insomnia and 78 medical conditions in patients with 2-year continuous enrollment during 2018–2019. We selected important comorbidities associated with insomnia for eight age-sex groups and built logistic regression models to measure the associations. The prevalence of diagnosed insomnia increased with age, from <0.4% in the age group 0–17 to 4%–5% in the age group ≥65. Females had a higher prevalence of insomnia than males. Anxiety and depression were two important comorbidities across all age-sex subgroups. Most odds ratios of comorbidities remained significant after adjusting for other comorbidities in regression models. We did not find any new medical conditions that had strong associations with insomnia but were unrecognized in previous literature. The findings can help physicians use comorbidities to identify patients with high risk of insomnia.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. The aim of this study was to compare the costs and reimbursement of cardiac rehabilitation between two periods: (1) pre-COVID-19 and (2) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results demonstrate that it was possible to safely maintain this critically important service at our center despite increased costs. Purpose: Provision of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been directly impacted by coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Economic analyses to date have not identified the financial implications of pandemic-related changes to CR. The aim of this study was to compare the costs and reimbursements of CR between two periods: (1) pre-COVID-19 and (2) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Health care costs of providing CR were calculated using a microcosting approach. Unit costs of CR were based on staff time, consumables, and overhead costs. Reimbursement rates were derived from commercial and public health insurance. The mean cost and reimbursement/participant were calculated. Staff and participant COVID-19 infections were also examined. Results: The mean number of CR participants enrolled/mo declined during the pandemic (−10%; 33.8 ± 2.0 vs 30.5 ± 3.2, P = .39), the mean cost/participant increased marginally (+13%; $2897 ± $131 vs $3265 ± $149, P = .09), and the mean reimbursement/participant decreased slightly (−4%; $2959 ± $224 vs $2844 ± $181, P = .70). However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. The pre-COVID mean operating surplus/participant ($62 ± $140) eroded into a deficit of −$421 ± $170/participant during the pandemic. No known COVID-19 infections occurred among the 183 participants and 14 on-site staff members during the pandemic period. Conclusions: COVID-19-related safety protocols required CR programs to modify service delivery. Results demonstrate that it was possible to safely maintain this critically important service; however, CR program costs exceeded revenues. The challenge going forward is to optimize CR service delivery to increase participation and achieve financial solvency.


Implantable devices that record neural activity and detect seizures have been adopted to issue warnings or trigger neurostimulation to suppress epileptic seizures. Typical seizure detection systems rely on high-accuracy offline-trained machine learning classifiers that require manual retraining when seizure patterns change over long periods of time. For an implantable seizure detection system, a low-power, at-the-edge, online learning algorithm can be employed to dynamically adapt to the neural signal drifts, thereby maintaining high accuracy without external intervention. This work proposes SOUL: Stochastic-gradient-descent-based Online Unsupervised Logistic regression classifier. After an initial offline training phase, continuous online unsupervised classifier updates are applied in situ, which improves sensitivity in patients with drifting seizure features. SOUL was tested on two human electroencephalography (EEG) datasets: the Children's Hospital Boston and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) scalp EEG dataset and a long ( $\!>$ 100 h) intracranial EEG dataset. It was able to achieve an average sensitivity of 97.5% and 97.9% for the two datasets, respectively, at >95% specificity. Sensitivity improved by at most 8.2% on long-term data when compared to a typical seizure detection classifier. SOUL was fabricated in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC's) 28 nm process occupying 0.1 mm2 and achieves 1.5 nJ/classification energy efficiency, which is at least $24\times $ more efficient than state-of-the-art.


This text has been designed for students who want to turn their ACCA exams into a Bachelor of Science in Applied Accounting, to do this they will need to undertake a research and analysis project which incorporates a "report" (5000 words) detailing work and a "key skills statement" (1500 words) describing how the students fared in meetings with their mentor. Together with hints and examples, the book offers advice on: official guidelines; administration details; guidance on the skills to be tested; tips on how to manage work on the project; choosing a topic; the research and analysis process; writing the report; meetings with the mentor; and the key skills statement.


Au redistribution layers 10 to 100 μm wide were fabricated on heterogeneously integrated advanced flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) substrates formed by a die-first approach based on fan-out wafer-level packaging. The formed Au metal wiring was meticulously studied for locally induced mechanical stress upon bending (bending radius, BR 20 mm) using Laue microdiffraction (LμD) with synchrotron radiation. It was inferred from the LμD data that upon bending the FHE substrate up to the BR of 20 mm, the Au metal wiring (10 mm long, 100 μm wide, and 500 nm thick) experienced mechanical bending stress amounting to 250 ∼ 300 MPa. The stress values obtained from the LμD studies were close to the stress value of 350 MPa obtained by simulation.


The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising hydrogel-linked prodrug for use in the treatment, prevention and/or diagnosis a condition of the eye and ophthalmic devices comprising said pharmaceutical compositions.


To meet the testing requirements of high-precision cameras in the outer environment,an off-axis collimator with lightweight,high accuracy,and high temperature stability is designed.Silicon carbide and carbon fiber/epoxy resin matrix composite are adopted to make a reflector and a shading tube respectively for the off-axis aspherical collimator.The collimator can keep accuracy stability in their linear expansion coefficients in a twice at a certain temperature range.After testing,the wavefront aberration of the off-axis collimagor with a diameter of 400 mm and a focal length of 8 m is 1/5λ(P-V,λ=632.8 nm) and 1/27λ(RMS) at a temperature range of(20±10) ℃.The collimator can be used in the outer environment.


The precipitation kinetics in 7075 Al-Zn-Mg alloy have been investigated by age-hardening measurements and TEM, SEM, FESEM, and DSC characterization. The several ageing heat treatments were done at 120 o C, 140 o C and 180 o C. The tensile properties and fracture toughness property also revealed precipitation kinetics mechanisms at as-cast aluminium alloy. The present paper, the basic understanding to different precipitation sequences revealed through different ageing temperatures, as-well-as minor addition of transition element (e.g. Sc) activity during ageing kinetics speed up. It has been possible to achieve an ideal combination of strength, density, and thermal stability because of the unique precipitation-hardening characteristics of scandium (Sc). Moreover, the composition of the alloy is an important factor. In particularly, the Zn:Mg ratio has a pronounced effect on the mechanical properties that is ascribed to its influence on the precipitation kinetics. In this paper the effects of Zn and Mg variations with different Zn:Mg ratio on the precipitation behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg alloy at various heat treatment temperatures will be studied. The mechanical and physical properties of the age-hardening alloys will be modelled and presented.


From a global perspective, large disparities persist between the focus of health research investments and the global burden of illness. Over the past four years, Canadian efforts to address these disparities have steadily increased. The objectives of this paper are to present these recent achievements and to highlight continuing challenges. We summarize the activities of two complementary Canadian initiatives, both aimed at increasing Canada's investment and involvement in global health research. They are the Global Health Research Initiative – a partnership involving four federal agencies; and the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research – a not-for-profit membership organization. Several achievements include: increased investment in global health research; increased knowledge production and use through "South-Canada" partnerships; stronger advocacy and increased awareness; enhanced capacity development; and improved coordination and communication.


This article describes and analyzes the stream of thought occurring concurrently with overt communication about marital conflict. The research considers how marital conflicts may be affected by selective attention to different elements of conflict (different emotions, issues, interactional behaviors, and background events) and by spontaneous attributions about communicative intentions and outcomes. One hundred eighteen couples discussed a current conflict issue, then individually watched a videotape of the discussion and reported thoughts and feelings experienced during the discussion. Descriptively, the thoughts revealed limited complexity, infrequent perspective taking, a predominant concern for implicit relationship issues over content issues, and frequent direct analysis of the communication process. Spouses viewed their own communication in more favorable terms than their partner's communication. Husbands and wives also viewed the interactions differently, with wives appearing, in certain respects, more other-directed, relationship-sensitive, and objective. Interaction-based thoughts were especially subjective in the most severe conflicts, as suggested by a lack of correspondence between attributions about communication and observer coding of the interactions. Furthermore, in severe conflicts and dissatisfied relationships, the individuals had more angry, blaming, and pessimistic thoughts and less focus on content issues.


The invention florisil-threonine relates to freeze-dried preparation, in particular a stable florisil -D- L- prolyl -L- threonine freeze-dried preparation in a storage state and a method for producing the freeze-dried preparation-prolyl. In addition, the present invention is the freeze-dried preparation, which is used in pain disorder in a mammal, itch diseases, inflammatory diseases, and / or the treatment of other disorders outside the enemy and / or prophylactic treatment, diagnosis and / or therapy It relates to pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions comprising a.


Using the methods of documentary investigation,analysis and induction, and experts interview,this paper makes a clearly discussion on the meaning of non-state owner sports economy,and the main effects that institutional environment takes on non-state owner sports economy of china.At last,this paper puts forward some paths of choices on improving the development of non-state owner sports economy.


The freeform feature modeling was introduced in HUST-CAID.Classification and parameters were defined combining with the HUST-CAID system(computer aided industry design system developed by Harbin university of science and technology);users could intuitively design any curved surface using a set of suitable parameters provided by the system without concerning the lower layer design.If users want to modify the parameters,the system will correspondingly provide feedback automatically.In order to obtain the right graphics agree with the constraint,it is provided a new novel prototype-driven constraint solving algorithm.The simulation result in HUST-CAID shows that this novel algorithm simplified constraint solving and feature modeling greatly.


An image watermarking scheme using the previ- ously proposed bit embedding method is developed. To achieve a desired subjective visual quality in the watermarked image, the embedding parameter that is related to both the image quality and the embedding capacity is determined by using a perceptual model. First, based on the properties of the bit embedding method, the perceptual model of two kinds of objective quality measures is assumed. Then, the measurements of human subjective image quality are analyzed from the viewpoint of the correlation with these two measures. Thereby, the estimating function that can yield an estimate of the subjective quality from two objective measurements is determined. According to the estimating function, the bit embedding method performs in each image region so as to achieve a desired subjective image quality while increasing the capacity of embedding watermark bits. The simulation results demonstrate that the estimating function values have a linear correlation with human subjective evaluations, and the embedding parameters can be adaptively changed in every image region by using the function. Index Terms—Digital watermarks, spatial domains, subjective image quality, human visual system, perceptually adaptive sys- tems


This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic on the quality of puffed cowhide and of ultrasonic treatment on various parameters, such as color, expansion rate, microstructure, texture, and sensory score. Under all experimental conditions, ultrasonic significantly improved the quality of puffed cowhide. Ultrasonic was used to treat the puffed cowhide at 210°C, at which the highest expansion rate, L*, and sensory acceptability are obtained. At this temperature, hardness, and masticatory properties obtained the minimum values. Moreover, the product's microstructure showed uniform bubbles, and the overall acceptability was high, thereby resulting in the optimal quality of the product. In addition, puffing rate and sensory evaluation were negatively correlated with hardness and chewiness, and the sensory evaluation was positively correlated with L*, ΔE, and puffing rate. Therefore, ultrasonic is an effective method for improving the quality of puffed cowhide. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ultrasonic processing is increasingly used in food technology. Through ultrasonic treatment, this study successfully solved the low expansion rate and poor coloration in puffed cowhide and found that cowhide can be recycled after slaughter. Ultrasonic‐treated puffed products exhibit bright color, high expansion rate, reduced hardness, and favorable chewiness and contain collagen that promotes health. These findings demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment significantly improves the quality of puffed cowhide.


The testis is differentiated from the indifferent gonad in embryos of fourteen days. The indifferent gonad and the sex cords contain large and small cells, both of which are derived from the coelomic epithelium. The large cells have generally been called primordial germ cells, they increase by mitosis and reach their maximum in embryos of seventeen days. But all the large cells degenerate and have completely disappeared by nine days after birth. The large cells, therefore, do not contribute to the formation of cells in the tubules of the adult testis. After the disappearance of the large cells, the solid seminiferous tubules are composed of indifferent epithelial cells of a uniform type, which are descendants of the small cells of the genital ridge, and which later form both the germ cells and the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules of the adult testis.


These are two male patients, aged 56 and 75, respectively, who presented with an unilateral limbal-conjunctival tumor, after a corneoconjunctival excision of the tumor, the histological analysis was performed and established the diagnosis of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma Purpose: To describe those two cases of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma that was successfully treated with adjunctive topical Mitomycin C.


Angiofibroma is a histologically benign mesenchymal tumor though it is a potentially locally destructive fibrovascular tumor. Angiofibroma located in the head and neck comprises nasopharyngeal and extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma itself is extremely rare. There was only two hypopharynx angiofibroma case in the recent literature. The aim of this report is to find out recurrence rate after mass extirpation surgery approach transcervical in this patient. A case of extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma from hypopharynx that arising from the left posterior pharyngeal wall was described in this report. A 32 years old man was admitted with 8 years history of lump located around the mouth and left side of the throat. There were no other significant complaints other than the lump itself. Histopathologic microscopic examination showed an angiofibroma. Angiofibroma is a benign and slow-growing mass. The conclusion is management of this case is the same as angiofibroma in general, by surgery approach. The mass was successfully removed surgically and thus far no recurrence or post-surgical complications were found one year after excision.
Keywords: angiofibroma, extra-nasopharyngeal, hypopharynx, pharyngeal mass


Exploratory studies of two-proton emission from the unbound ground states of 30 Ar and 34 Ca are performed in a three-body core + p + p model. The lifetime dependencies on the decay energy are provided. Observation of the products from the in-flight decay of nuclei, obtained in a fragmentation experiment seems to be an adequate technique for the broad range of 30 Ar and 34 Ca lifetimes. Predictions for the 45 Fe lifetime are discussed in details. Various forms of quasiclassical estimates are compared with the calculation results for 19 Mg, 30 Ar, 34 Ca, and 45 Fe. We study conditions of applicability of these estimates and ways to overcome their internal problems.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


An object-oriented method is presented that generates derivatives of functions defined by MATLAB computer codes. The method uses operator overloading together with forward mode automatic differentiation and produces a new MATLAB code that computes the derivatives of the outputs of the original function with respect to the variables of differentiation. The method can be used recursively to generate derivatives of any order that are desired and has the feature that the derivatives of a function are generated simply by evaluating the function on an instance of the class. The method is described briefly and is demonstrated on an example.


Dave's (1991) noise clustering (NC) algorithm is revisited. In the original NC algorithm, the distance of a noise prototype from all the points was defined to be a constant value /spl delta/. While this idea works well in detecting a variety of cluster shapes in noisy data, use of the same constant value of /spl delta/ makes NC somewhat limited in its scope. The authors allow S to take different values for different feature vectors, and find interesting results due to this modification. It is shown that the membership generated by NC algorithm is a product of two terms, one is the original fuzzy c-means (FCM) membership responsible for data partitioning, and the other is a robust M-estimator type weight (or like a generalized possibilistic membership) that achieves a mode seeking effect, and imparts robustness. In this light, it is shown that the NC technique is a generalization of the possibilistic clustering technique. An interesting fact about the robust component of the NC membership is regarding the appearance of term related to the harmonic mean distance of a point from all the classes. The role of this term is discussed along with other possible generalizations, including one that makes the generalized NC a fuzzy c-class extension of robust M-estimators.


Coffee berry disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae L. is one of the major threads to the production of Arabica coffee in Africa. The antifungal potential of aqueous and ethanol extracts of three plant species (Carica papaya, Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus saligna) against Colletotrichum kahawae was evaluated in vitro and on detached green berries. Plant extracts were applied at different concentration on in vitro C. kahawae and on detached green coffee berries simultaneously with pathogen inoculation. Results showed that aqueous extracts of C. papaya, E. saligna and C. citratus completely inhibited the in vitro growth of C. kahawae at the concentrations of 20 and 25 mg/ml while the ethanol extracts pathogen inhibition was at a concentration of 8 mg/ml. On detached coffee green berries, extracts from E. saligna and of C. papaya significantly reduced disease development. This study indicated the possibility of using E. saligna and of C. papaya extracts as an alternative for coffee berry disease management. However, a base for future tests under the natural conditions in the field is required. Accepted: 30 June 2017 Available Online: 06 July 2017


This paper will be issued semi-monthly, in the Tillage of Rochester, under the supervision of the Managers of the Rochester Anti-Slavery Society. . It will bo printed on goKI paper, medium sheet, I t t M l l r t " t h e females , a p a r t m e n t , w here, hi* »f Oxr. DnfctAa per aunui :. tjuxifa in be p-titl in ! head srrt iek a r ing bolt wi th such force ar tiimnct. looking in in of about twenty-five yours (it age, hail contrived, all manacled as he was, to scale the bulkhead, from ihe top "I which lieiiiL' unable to use his arms, hi


Ten varieties of winter garlic were tested for ability to accumulate macroand microelements. Genotype dependence was revealed. The most valuable varieties Strelets, Odintsovskiy Yubileyniy, Podnebesniy, Zaokskiy, and Replikant are characterized by high yield and content of macro- and microelements. The varieties Zaokskiy and Strelets are recommended for next breeding program as an initial breeding material.


The trusted state in computer's access to networks is of great importance for the security of the whole network.The TNC architecture proposed by TCG(Trusted Computing Group) could properly solve the trusted-access problem. This architecture provides the trusted-access model and its basic approach,and this is now a research hotspot in the industry.Based on study of trusted-access control technology based on TNC architecture,the trusted switch with trusted-access control is realized,and its application scheme is also given in this paper. It is indicated that the trusted-access control technology based on TNC could prevent potential threats by the illegal or trustless terminal from network entrance.


Hydatid disease is still endemic in our country and in many parts of the world. Liver is the most common site of hydatid disease. Rupture of hydatid cysts of liver into the biliary ducts can be seen as a complication. Obstructive jaundice, acute cholangitis and much more rarely acute pancreatitis may occur due to rupture of hydatid cysts into the biliary ducts. In this case report, a 38-year-old male patient with findings of acute pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice due to rupture of hydatid cyst into the biliary tract were presented . In our case, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed to the patient with diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Parts of germinative membrane located within the common bile duct and causing the obstruction of papillary orifice was seen in ERCP. Germinative membrane components were removed during the process. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed to the patient. After the procedure, the clinical findings and laboratory findings of the patient returned to normal rapidly. As a result, it should be noted that rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts into the bile ducts might be a rare cause of biliary pancreatitis. It must be kept in mind that endoscopic sphincterotomy and endoscopic removal of cyst membranes is a very important method for the diagnosis and treatment of the acute pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice due to rupture of hydatid cyst into the biliary tract.


There is inadequate knowledge about acute poisoning as a common problem in children. Acute poisoning in children, , is one of the health problems, requiring immediate treatment.
Case report: A two-month-old male infant with discoloration of the nails was admitted to the Emergency Pediatric Unit of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in 2014. Following clinical evaluations, the blood lead level was determined to be high. The cause of neonatal condition was a traditional medicine, applied by the mother for the treatment of dermatitis in the infant. The lead concentration was high in this medicine, thus resulting in neonatal lead poisoning.
Conclusion: It is obvious that medicinal drugs should be used cautiously for children, especially infants. Also, drug characteristics and the process of production should be precisely specified. In fact, without taking precautions, any medicinal drug or substance could have various adverse effects on pediatric populations.


Keeping their precious cargo safe in the car is a responsibility parents and caregivers take seriously. But a new study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine finds many parents are slacking off when it comes to following child passenger safety recommendations.


The eminence of corporate governance (CG) was grasped after the major blunders incorporate strategies and distinct corporate scandals around the world during the global financial crises. Advanced countries have passed numerous laws such as "Say on Pay" or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to shield the shareholder's wealth. However, evolving countries are still flourishing to gain recognition in corporate governance (CG) effectiveness. The intention of the study is to probe the link between the CG (board size, outside directors) and firm performance (Tobin's Q). Leverage has been used as an interaction term in the current study. The data had been collected from 130 non-financial firms from the year 2012 to 2015 and Multiple Regression Techniques will be used as the instruments for data analysis. The results indicate that the board size and Tobin's Q have a significant association and outside directors' insignificant association with Tobin's Q. The interaction effect of leverage found a significant connotation between board size, outside directors, and Tobin's Q.