The paper addresses today's mixed signal and SoC design flow and methodology issues, and discusses the requirements for a successful design flow and methodology from the industry point of view. The importance of a strong collaboration between IP owner and customer, maximum re-use, and top level verification (TLV) is discussed in detail. An example is given to emphasize the importance of using behavioral models during TLV to reduce simulation time in large designs.


This field experiment in which more than 1,100 operative and managerial employees participated investigated the effects of removing a performance contingent pay plan. The analysis revealed a highly...


It was demonstrated that the daily monitoring of electrical conductivity (EC) of scrubbing water can easily be used to determine the performance of biotrickling filters treating ammonia (NH3) emissions, generated by livestock facilities. Two different measurement campaigns were carried out on a pilot-scale biotrickling filter installed at a pig facility. Different phases of the operation were observed for each campaign, in accordance with EC values. For EC ranges of between 5 and 40 mS cm−1, performance was similar for both campaigns, indicating that the nitrogen accumulated in water (φ) was controlled by the operating conditions and biotrickling filter design (φ = 205 gN day−1 corresponding to 1.71 mS cm−1 day−1). Due to the correlation established in Part A of this study, the performance of the biotrickling filter can be directly expressed as gN h−1 m−3packing material without gas-phase monitoring. Thus, for an Empty Bed Residence Time of 1 s, the nitrogen accumulation capacity of the biotrickling filter was 24 gN h−1 m−3packing material. For higher EC values, the ammonia mass transfer slowed down and stopped with EC at around 50–60 mS cm−1 (campaign #1) and 70 mS cm−1 (campaign #2). It was evidenced that the mass transfer stopped due to ammonia mass transfer limitation controlled by the driving force, although biomass inhibition can occur at these levels of nitrogen concentration in the scrubbing liquid. EC monitoring can also be used to assess the ratio of nitrogen accumulated in water φ and amount of ammonia entering the system φmax. Thus φ/φmax ratios of 41% and 27% were recorded for campaign #1 and #2 respectively.


We describe here an automated imaging system developed at the Center for High Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry. The imaging system is built around a fast, sensitive sCMOS camera and rapid switchable LED light source. It features complete automation of all the steps of the imaging process and contains built‐in feedback loops to ensure proper operation. The imaging system is intended as a back end to the RABiT—a robotic platform for radiation biodosimetry. It is intended to automate image acquisition and analysis for four biodosimetry assays for which we have developed automated protocols: The Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay, the γ‐H2AX assay, the Dicentric assay (using PNA or FISH probes) and the RABiT‐BAND assay. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:587–598, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The Siegel‐Ofshe two‐component repetitive choice model, while demonstrating great predictive accuracy, is difficult to interpret and is very data‐inefficient. Reasons for these shortcomings are analyzed in detail, and a modified model is suggested. The new model can be more easily interpreted, provides greater data‐efficiency, and furthermore, holds up well when tested with available data. The importance of the new "discrimination" model for sociology lies mainly with two factors: first, it can explain deviations from gain maximization, and second, it demonstrates that individuals do not act directly on the basis of values (utility) but rather on the basis of marginal utility. A comparison of the discrimination model with the Camilleri‐Berger model (a model in which marginal utility plays no role) favors the former.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of the 150‐kDa oxygen‐regulated protein (ORP150, which functions as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum for the folding and trafficking of newly synthesized proteins) and the aggressiveness of bladder cancer, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as the former is a secreting protein through the endoplasmic reticulum and the latter are closely involved in tumour invasion.


Effective field theory is applied to finite-density systems with an unnaturally large scattering length, such as neutron matter. A new organizational scheme is identified and connected with an expansion in inverse powers of the number of space-time dimensions. This power counting allows for analytic calculations in many-body systems and reproduces the hole-line expansion of traditional nuclear physics.


Application and Modeling of Frequency-domain Lifetime Spectroscopy for Microsphere-based Optical Glucose Sensors. (December 2006) Feng Liang, B.S., China University of Petroleum; M.S., China University of Petroleum Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Eva Sevick-Muraca A new glucose affinity sensor based on a homogeneous fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay system was developed to monitor the competitive binding between concanavalin A (ConA) and dextran. The FRET quenching kinetics of the donor were analyzed from frequency-domain (FD) measurements as functions of both glucose and acceptor-protein concentrations using a Förster-type decay kinetics model. The results showed that the FD measurements and donor decay kinetics can indicate quantitative changes in the presence of glucose at concentrations ranging from 0 to 224 mg/dL. The second set of experiments proved the feasibility of performing analyte sensing with FD lifetime spectroscopy using microsphere-based sensors in multiple scattering solutions. A well characterized pH-sensitive fluorophore was entrapped in poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres. The particles were then immersed in a buffered polystyrene solution of various pH. Measurements of phase shift and modulation of the generated and multiply scattered fluorescent light were acquired as the modulation frequency of the incident excitation light varied from 10 to 120 MHz. After the


LIFE ASSESSMENT OF STEAM TURBINE – THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND GAIN SIZE OBSERVATION OF TURBINE CASING.This papers presents some results of the life assessment of steam turbine the microstructure and gain size observation of turbine casing. The measurement of mechanical properties, the microstructure as well as the material composition of turbine casing have been performed. The chemical composition is found that both the lower and the upper casings are conforms to JIS G 5151 class SCPH 21. From the microstructure observation it could be confirmed that the microstructures consist of ferrite dominantly (white) and some of pearlite (dark), which is classified as Cr-Mo steel according to JIS G5151 class SCPH 21.It is also found that lower casing have smaller grain size (higher grain size number) than the upper casing .


Each year in the US, nearly half a million men undergo vasectomy and at least 15 million rely on this form of contraception. This article presents state-of-the-art information on vasectomy and vasectomy reversal. First, it describes the conventional, no-scalpel, percutaneous, and open-ended vasectomy techniques and presents research evidence on short-term complications, time required to achieve azoospermia, and vasectomy failure. The article then reviews findings on the local effects of vasectomy on the testis, rete testis and epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles and prostate and the development of sperm granulomas. It reports the available evidence on long-term systemic consequences of vasectomy and the risk of genitourinary cancer. Finally, the article considers sterilization reversal, including preoperative evaluation, surgical technique, anesthesia, factors that influence the success of reversal surgery, and the recovery of fertility.


Media International Australia Furthermore, Geraghty's book makes new and valuable contributions to various areas of scholarship in this field, including his assertion of the hitherto underacknowledged role of 'juvenile' texts, such as Man from Uncle (1964–68), Buck Rogers (1950–51) and Flash Gordon (1954–55) in creating the success of later major texts such as Star Trek (1966–69). Similarly, he concludes that, 'Without Captain Video (1949–55) and the like on television in the early 1950s, which carved out a permanent place for science fiction in people's homes, we may never have felt the need or got the go-ahead to produce The Twilight Zone (1959–64) and its progeny.' (p. 50) This book is also very useful for tracing the pragmatic, commercial and logistical forces at play in the television and film industry and their subsequent impact upon the development of science fiction texts which, while benefiting from such developments as the formation of new independent, cable and satellite channels in the 1970s, were all too often the products of 'an unscrupulous Hollywood industry that cared only for profits not politics' (p. 49). Overall, Geraghty's study of the intersection between text, context, genre and history is a fascinating and coherent one, which will help provide both the novice and specialist reader with a better understanding of the significant individual science fiction films and television shows themselves and the America that produced them. – Bradley Wells, English, University of Sydney


Summary form only given. Time-domain simulations such as those based on the FDTD and TLM methods are a powerful means of numerical experimentation, offering users an unparalleled access to the evolution of complex electromagnetic phenomena. As applications span a wider frequency range and materials are employed over a wider parameter domain it is necessary to characterise more fully the behaviour of materials over wide frequency ranges in the presence of non-linearities, anisotropies, and magneto-electric coupling. Similarly, as confidence increases in the use of simulation tools it becomes more important to maintain accuracy and at the same time limit computational demands to allow for interactive use of models for design optimisation. This requires special techniques to deal with fine features which add only marginally to computational demands. Previous advances in the modelling of complex materials are described, which allow efficient algorithms to be embedded into time-domain codes to describe very general material properties. Similarly, the way in which fine features may be modelled are described with reference to either customised nodes or hybrid techniques. Numerical examples are shown and an attempt is made to outline outstanding problems and future developments.


This study evaluates the carvedilol‐lercanidipine drug interaction, and the influence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on both drugs. Patients with high blood pressure (8 with normal renal function [control] and 8 with CKD with estimated glomerular filtration rate categories of G3b to G5 [12‐38 mL/min/1.73 m2]) were included and prescribed 3 different treatment regimens, a single oral dose of racemic carvedilol 25 mg (CAR), a single oral dose of racemic lercanidipine 20 mg (LER), and single oral doses of CAR plus LER. Blood samples were collected and variations in heart rate were assessed (using isometric exercise with handgrip) for up to 32 hours. Lercanidipine pharmacokinetics were not enantioselective, and were not affected by carvedilol and CKD. Carvedilol pharmacokinetics (data presented as median) were enantioselective with higher plasma exposure of (R)‐(+)‐carvedilol in both control (103.5 vs 46.0 ng ∙ h/mL) and CKD (190.6 vs 98.9 ng ∙ h/mL) groups. Lercanidipine increased the area under the plasma concentration–time curve of only (R)‐(+)‐carvedilol in the CKD group (190.6 vs 242.2 ng ∙ h/mL) but not in the control group (103.5 vs 98.7 ng ∙ h/mL). CKD increased plasma exposure (46.0 vs 98.9 ng ∙ h/mL) and effect‐compartment exposure (5.5 vs 20.9 ng ∙ h/mL) to (S)‐(–)‐carvedilol, resulting in higher β‐adrenergic inhibition (10.0 vs 6.1 bpm). Therefore, carvedilol dose titration in CKD patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate categories of G3b to G5 should be initiated, with no more than half the dose used for patients with normal renal function.


100-nm-thick BaSi2 epitaxial films were grown on Si(111) substrates by a two-step growth method including reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The Ba deposition rate and duration were varied from 0.25 to 1.0 nm/min and from 5 to 120 min during RDE, respectively. Plan-view transmission electron micrographs indicated that the grain size in the MBE-grown BaSi2 was significantly dependent on the RDE growth conditions and was varied from approximately 0.2 to more than 4 µm.


The present study deals with the exact solutions of Bianchi type-I cosmological model in Lyra geometry and Barber's second self-creation theory with disordered radiation. We have assumed a special law of variation for Hubble's parameter that yield a constant value of deceleration parameter. Some physical consequences of the model have also been discussed.


This nomenclatural note addresses the problem regarding the taxonomic status of the extinct large nimravid Pogonodon Cope, 1880 (Chordata. Mammalia, Nimravidae), from the Oligocene of North America and its junior homonym, the recent triphorid marine snail Pogonodon Bouchet, 1997 (Mollusca, ) from the Mediterranean. Here we propose Ionthoglossa nov. gen. as a substitute name for the latter and provide a brief history of the two taxa from the literature available.


ness of the throat, chronic constipation, general p health, she began to exhibit signg of Raynaud's disease in the fingers and toes, wlhich caused great pain and. inconvenience. Thje attacks were al]nost invariably brought on by motoring in cold weathier. Pbysical examination of the patient showed signs of arsenic retention, and thirty-six hours after the intravenous injection of 1 gram of sodium thiosulplhate theurine was found by the Marsh test to conitain 0.068 mg. of arsenic per 103 grams of dried material. A five weeks' course ofbi-weekly injections of gram of sodium thiosulphate was given, after which the dose was continued once a week. At the same time the patient was placed on a low carbohydrate diet, wvith enemas of sulphonoated bitumen, and quarter-grain doses of thyroid extract twice a day. Diminution of the severity of the trouble was soon noticed, and was steadily mDaintained. The toes soon cleared up; the agony duringthle recovery stage arter putting thje hands in 'warm water became less acute andtlheu disappeared. The congestion stageslhortened and then vanislhed, so that atthe end of two months she was free from attack, even after drivin-g her car in cold, wintry weather.


Two hundred and forty samples of milk products were examined for ß-Lactam antibiotics residues by using a quantitive technique (Sandwich-ELISA). Basically, the study comprised three different dairy farm animals (buffalo, cow, and sheep), the samples were collected from Mosul city farms, and compared to imported dairy products from exotic sources. Apparent ß-Lactam residues were found most of the milk products, considerably local and imported products. In terms of local milk products were 50% of cow, 60% of sheep, and 20% of buffalo mostly free from antibiotic residue. In contrast, imported milk products were 90% of cow, 70% of Sheep, and 10% of buffalo, also free from antibiotic residue and suitable for human consumption. However, there were many samples of milk products contaminated with ß-Lactam residue, in particular, buffalo products were high concentrations of ß-Lactam compounds, regardless of whether local and imported products. With respect to cow products, 50 % of local samples compared to 10 % of imported samples were contaminated with ß-Lactam residues. Whereas in sheep products, 40% of local products compared to 30% of imported products were high concentration of antibiotic residues. Surprisingly, for all samples of this study, it has been noticed within the same product, the concentration of ß-Lactam was high level in cheese and cream compared to milk raw, however, in yogurt were decreased sharply 45% compared to cream, cheese, and milk respectively.


We present a vision for conversational user interfaces (CUIs) as probes for speculating with, rather than as objects to speculate about. Popular CUIs, e.g., Alexa, are changing the way we converse, narrate, and imagine the world(s) to come. Yet, current conversational interactions normatively may promote non-desirable ends, delivering a restricted range of request-response interactions with sexist and digital colonialist tendencies. Our critical design approach envisions alternatives by considering how future voices can reside in CUIs as enabling probes. We present novel explorations that illustrate the potential of CUIs as critical design material, by critiquing present norms and conversing with imaginary species. As micro-level interventions, we show that conversations with diverse futures through CUIs can persuade us to critically shape our discourse on macro-scale concerns of the present, e.g., sustainability. We reflect on how conversational interactions with pluralistic, imagined futures can contribute to how being human stands to change.


With the pace of urban modernization,non-point source pollution is becoming increasingly serious to the urban rivers.According to the survey data,the concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),ammonium(NH3-N)and suspended solids(SS)in Zhenjiang Ancient Canal were higher than the national standard.As a result,the water quality of the Ancient Canal has been seriously polluted,therefore it's urgent for us to take measures to monitor the water quality and build model to analyze the water quality of the Ancient Canal.Based on the monitoring data of rainfall,the content of contaminants in rainfall runoff in Zhenjiang Ancient Canal from 2009 to 2013,we established a regression equation between rainfall and runoff pollution,and then applied the Grey theory to predict future rainfall.Grey theory is the essential to make the irregular data variations into the regular data,through the way of accumulation,subtraction and so on to process,then using the differential equation fitting,and predict the future data by extension.What's more,the known original data is called white,the prediction data is called gray,and process is called bleaching or weakening of the randomness of the data sequence.The results reveal that the annual loads of TP,NH3-N of rainfall runoff pollutants are expected to change with the rainfall in the canal,and the concentration of TP,NH3-N and SS will change similarly from 2014 to 2020;when the rainfall reaches1 381.2mm in 2020,the annual load of TP,NH3-N and SS will reach 217.15 t,421.4t,and 5 811.87 t,respectively and the concentrations of contaminants in rainfall runoff will be very large.Therefore,we should make green,clear the rubbish,take measures of the slope protection and a series of measures on both sides of the Ancient Canal to reduce the non-point source pollution produced by rain runoff,and then we can achieve good water quality of the river after taking action.Furthermore,the comfortable environment can provide a better life for the local people.Grey theory can weaken the fluctuation data sequence.regression analysis can establish the quantitative relationship to depend on each other between multiple variables.This paper combined the grey theory with regression analysis to propose the way to predict the load of rainfall runoff non-point source pollution,which can precisely forecasting the load of rainfall runoff non-point source pollution simply and effectively under the conditions of small sample,poor information and fluctuation data,and has great significance to promote.


A high resolution three dimensional imaging technique called x-ray microtomography was applied to problems of fracture and damage concrete. The technique can produce images of internal structure, including pores and cracks, at to micron resolution. By applying 3D image analysis techniques we are able to measure crack surface areas, porosity and pore size distribution. Results presented here include applications to damage and fracture in compression, and concrete pore structure.


We analyze a non‐cooperative game for pure distribution settings. A group of n actors competes for a single prize. The probability to win the price can be influenced by making an investment. We assume that the winning probabilities of actors are proportional to their investments. The costs of one unit of investment may vary between actors. A low cost of investment can be interpreted as high productivity in this competition. We call an actor active if he makes a positive investment. The game has a unique, inefficient Nash‐equilibrium. In equilibrium the active actors are remarkably homogeneous with respect to their costs/benefits. The stability of the number of active actors under small changes in the costs of investing, and under the introduction or removal of actors is examined. Under mild conditions, if the number n of actors increases, the number of active actors becomes 2 or the proportion of active actors tends to zero at the rate n ‐1/2.


A recent trend in the study of crime is to investigate the role of individual differences in predicting offending, particularly in studying the differences between white-collar and conventional offenders. To further this line of inquiry, the current study assessed the role of the psychological trait of sensation seeking on individualistic white-collar crime and conventional crime, and also whether this relationship varied based upon the individual's level of self-control. Results from a sample of undergraduate students revealed that there are more similarities than differences between these two offense types. Specifically, those with higher degrees of the unsocialized aspect of sensation seeking were more likely to report intentions to engage in both offense forms. Study implications and limitations are presented.


Harmonic mapping provides a natural way of mapping two manifolds by minimizing distortion induced by the mapping. However, most applications are limited to mapping between 2D and/or 3D spaces owing to the high computational cost. We propose a novel approach, the harmonic autoencoder (HAE), by approximating a harmonic mapping in a data-driven way. The HAE learns a mapping from an input domain to a target domain that minimizes distortion and requires only a small number of input–target reference pairs. The HAE can be applied to high-dimensional applications, such as human-to-robot hand pose mapping. Our method can map from the input to the target domain while minimizing distortion over the input samples, covering the target domain, and satisfying the reference pairs. This is achieved by extending an existing neural network method called the contractive autoencoder. Starting from a contractive autoencoder, the HAE takes into account a distance function between point clouds within the input and target domains, in addition to a penalty for estimation error on reference points. For efficiently selecting a set of input–target reference pairs during the training process, we introduce an adaptive optimization criterion. We demonstrate that pairs selected in this way yield a higher-performance mapping than pairs selected randomly, and the mapping is comparable to that from pairs selected heuristically by the experimenter. Our experimental results with synthetic data and human-to-robot hand pose data demonstrate that our method can learn an effective mapping between the input and target domains.


A study was conducted during the 2 yr, 1978 and 1979, to determine an effective method of enhancing stalk lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) with the objective of being able to differentiate among hybrids for lodging susceptibility under conditions of low natural lodging. Six maize hybrids representing a wide range of stalk lodging resistance were used in the study. The techniques utilized were inoculating plants with a stalk rot pathogen (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch) and/or infesting plants with European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). Both techniques, individually or in combination, were effective in enhancing lodging. Under environmental conditions and cultural practices where natural stalk lodging was low and differences in stalk lodging among hybrids would have otherwise been masked, the two lodging-enhancing techniques allowed for improved detection of hybrid differences. Both treatment effects and differences among hybrids for stalk lodging increased as stalk lodging rating was delayed, indicat...


Prompt diagnostic work-up of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is critical for guiding initial patient management. We assessed the performance of three immunoassays detecting anti-PF4/heparin-antibodies, derived a diagnostic algorithm with a short analytical turnaround-time (TAT) and prospectively validated it. Plasma samples were analysed by Zymutest-HIA-IgG, HemosIL-AcuStar-HIT-IgG and ID-H/PF4-PaGIA in retrospective (n=221) and prospective (n=305) derivation cohorts. We calculated likelihood ratios (LR) of result intervals and cut-off values with 100% negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive value for a positive gold-standard functional assay (HIPA). We established a diagnostic algorithm based on the Bayesian combination of pre-test probability and LR of first- and second-line immunoassays. Cut-offs with 100% PPV for positive HIPA were >3.0 U/ml (HemosIL-AcuStar-HIT-IgG) and titre {greater than or equal to}16 (ID-H/PF4-PaGIA); cut-offs with 100% NPV were <0.13 U/ml and {less than or equal to}1, respectively. During the prospective validation of the derived algorithm (n=687), HemosIL-AcuStar-HIT-IgG was used as unique testing in 566/687 cases (82.4%) (analytical TAT 30 min). In 121/687 unresolved cases (17.6%), ID-H/PF4-PaGIA was used as second-line testing (additional TAT 30 min). The algorithm accurately predicted HIT in 51/687 (7.4%) and excluded it in 604/687 (87.9%) patients, leaving only 20/687 (2.9%) cases unresolved. Additionally, we identified 12/687 (1.7%) positive predictions not confirmed by HIPA: 10 patients with probable HIT despite negative HIPA and two possible false positive algorithm predictions. The combination of pre-test probability with first- and second-line immunoassays for anti-PF4/heparin-antibodies is accurate for ruling in or out HIT in {greater than or equal to}95% of cases within 60 minutes. This diagnostic approach improves initial management of patients with suspected HIT.


The utility model provides vacuum laminating equipment for touch screens. The vacuum laminating equipment comprises a base with a support, a lower substrate platform arranged on the base for placing a membrane, a lower platform of an upper substrate, an upper platform of the upper substrate and a cylinder assembly, wherein the lower platform of the upper substrate is arranged on the base and is used for placing a base material; the upper platform of the upper substrate is movably arranged on the support, can adsorb the base material, can be positioned right above the lower platform of the upper substrate in an adsorption state, and can be positioned right above the lower substrate platform in a pressing state; the air cylinder assembly is used for driving the upper platform of the upper substrate to move up and down and enabling the base material and the membrane to be pressed when pressing the upper platform of the upper substrate, is fixedly connected with the upper platform of the upper substrate and is arranged on the support. When the vacuum laminating equipment is used, the positions of the lower substrate platform and the upper platform of the upper substrate are not changed, the position offset of the membrane and the base material is reduced, the membrane and the base material are stressed uniformly by the air cylinder assembly, the defects of inaccuracy in positioning, bubble generation, corrugation and the like occurring during lamination of the touch screen are reduced and the passing percent of products is improved.


The social question is back. Yet today's social question is not primarily between labour and capital, as it was in the nineteenth century and throughout much of the twentieth. While class has always been criss-crossed by manifold heterogeneities, not least of all cultural ones around ethnicity, religion, and language, it is these latter heterogeneities that have sharpened in situations of cross-border migration over the past decades. As in the nineteenth century, political conflicts arise, constituting the social question as a public concern. The contemporary social question is located at the interstices of the global South and the global North. It finds its expression in movements of people seeking a better life or fleeing unsustainable social, political, economic, and ecological conditions. It is transnationalized because migrants and their significant others entertain ties across the borders of national states in transnational social spaces; because of the cross-border diffusion of norms; and because there are implications of migration for social inequalities within national states. Casting a wide net in terms of conceptual and empirical scope, this book tackles both the social structure and the politics of social inequalities. It sets a comprehensive agenda for research which also includes the public role of social scientists in dealing with the transnationalized social question.


This paper concentrates on the three major fields listed in its title: the notion of well-being, the understanding of social development and efforts for gender equality. Due to the complexity and diversity of approaches, all of them are shown in the light of different theories, which to some extent I try to reflect in this paper. Additionally, to meet the goal of the "Gender equality and quality of life" project, that is construction of a new indicator, I summarise the existing indexes on well-being and gender and juxtapose them in tables. This provides readers with a clear picture of the focus areas and development trends of these measures, followed by the message they send. Critical reflection on the presented models and the final discussion might help in future work on quality of life and gender equality issues as well as their measurement and interpretations.


The objective of this study was to investigate the age dependent development of cloacal gland and certain other measures (i.e. fertility, appearance of cloacal foam, body weight, egg production and mortality) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Fifty-eight pairs of Japanese quails heavy body weight strain were randomly selected from flock of the same hatch. The results indicated that cloacal foam appeared around 6th week and by the end of 11th week, all the male birds were producing the cloacal foam. From 8 to 10th week, a rapid increase in the area of cloacal gland was recorded thereafter remained nearly constant between 11 to 43 weeks of age. In the second year (55 wks onwards), with the advancement of age, a fluctuation in the area of cloacal gland was noticed. The maximum regression of the cloacal gland was occurred at the end of both years (July-August: 55 to 60 weeks or June-July: 96 to 104 weeks of age) when summer days associated with humidity. The percent fertility also followed a similar course with a rapid increase between 8–10 weeks and a plateau between 11–43 weeks of age. Following this plateau, fertility reduced nearly 11% between 44–54 weeks of age. Thereafter, a progressive decline in fertility remained continued with the age and reached below 42 percent after 80 weeks. This study indicated that the area of cloacal gland was closely associated with the fertility up to 43 weeks of age. Thereafter, this relationship was broken. Similarly, egg production was found maximum between the ages of 11 to 43 weeks. Subsequently, a decline in egg production was recorded throughout the investigation. A progressive increase in body weight was recorded up to 10 weeks of age. It is of interest to note that during two years study, nearly two times more mortality was recorded in females than males. From this study it could be concluded that cloacal gland of male Japanese quail remain correlated with fertility up to 43 weeks of age and regressed drastically under heat stress.


This manuscript presents important observation data for major GHGs from the northern Indian region. The weekly flask samples taken at a northern Indian station (Nainital, NTL) and a Bangladesh station (Comilla, CLA) for 2006-2012 were analyzed for the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (and d13C-CO2, d18O-CO2), CH4, CO, H2, N2O and SF6. Authors discussed their seasonal variabilities considering regional climate conditions and contributions of regional sources and sinks. This study expanded the GHGs datasets for the Indian subcontinent, which is one of the most important regions in terms of the GHGs global budget, and thus provides new information about the regional characteristic features of major GHGs. This paper contains significant material and merits publication in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The following comments will be considered for minor revision.


In this paper, we consider spectral properties of a Laplace operator with boundary conditions of Samarskii-Ionkin type in a disk and prove the completeness of eigenfunctions. In addition, we note that unlike the one-dimensional case the system of root functions of the problems consists only of eigenfunctions.


The study focuses on exploring the impacts of urbanization on changes in forest land use/land cover in Alabama for the period between 1972 and 2000. Nested logit analysis of the discrete land use choices made by private landowners shows that initial forest type and a population gravity index significantly explain the variation in forest type transition. Anthropogenic factors influence the decision in favor of forest land conversion to non-forest use. Softwood stands were more preferred for harvests relative to hardwood while hardwood was the more preferred forest type choice for maintaining land in forest cover near the population centers. Real per capita income (INC) was found to be a better predictor of land use conversion than either population density (PD) or population gravity index (PGI).


The descriptions and functions of closed cooling water system(SRI)were presented.The fluid network analysis method of simulation software FLOWMASTER2 was introduced and the simulation method of the SRI main components was studied.


Numerous school reforms have failed to pursue educational effectiveness and quality in different parts of the world because of the ignorance of the multiplicity of school functions in the rapidly changing environment and the lack of understanding of the internal school process. This paper aims to propose a framework for developing a new knowledge base for re‐engineering schools. The framework requests new knowledge about multiple school functions including technical/economic function, human/social, political, cultural, and educational functions at the individual, institutions, community, society, and international levels in the new century. The understanding of these functions and their inter‐relations is necessary for policy development and formulation.


Studies on the constructability of cold-formed steel (CFS) members are lacking. In this context, this paper proposes an integrated panel to replace the studs and steel sheet in the steel-sheathed wall system used in light gauge steel frames. The integrated panel was developed, to not only exhibit better structural performance and constructability than the steel-sheathed wall system, but to also reflect the appropriate details for applications to on-site panel construction. Cyclic loading tests were performed to investigate the seismic performances of three integrated panel specimens and a steel-sheathed panel specimen. The integrated panel specimens exhibited greater deformation capacity, ductility and equivalent damping ratio than the steel-sheathed panel. Although the web slenderness of the integrated member was nearly 400, the nominal strength of the integrated panel was predictable on an AISI standard. However, for stud-reinforced integrated panels, the nominal strength was overestimated by 45%–60%, and a draft equation was proposed to predict the yield strength of these panels. The proposed equation accurately predicted the yield strength of the stud-reinforced integrated panel specimens. The study results can aid in the construction of light gauge steel frames that require reinforcing parts with a high web slenderness ratio.


Objective To investigate the effect of transplantation of fetal adrenal for refracting asthma. Methods Through a case chronic bronchial asthma disease by transplantation of fetal adrenal and compared with the infra-skin's transplantation of adrenal cortex tissues(literature report) in the therapeutic efficacy of various methods, and compare the methods of transplantation. Results After transplantion of the foetal adrenal with blood vessel supply, the respiratory tract infection has decreased and the serum cortisone has elevated, the pulmonary ventilation function appeared apparent amelioration, the IgG, IgE and the quantity of eosinophilic granulocyte decreased. The operation hasn't harmful effects to blood pressure, body weight, blood sugar or serum electrolyte. Conclusion It is a method for the patients had a chronic intractable asthma or hormone dependent asthma.


Thermodynamic perturbation theory of the first order (TPT1) is extended to heterobonded chains, such as heteronuclear and branched copolymers. The TPT1 formalism provides the basis for a copolymer equation of state. This new copolymer equation of state, referred to as Copolymer SAFT (Statistical Associating Fluid Theory), explicitly accounts for the effects of chain heterogeneity and microstructure. In order to illustrate potential future applications, Copolymer SAFT is used to calculate high-pressure cloud points in real polymer solutions of supercritical propane + poly(ethylene-co-butene).


The bi-continuous network morphology in the hybrid quantum dot solar cell is formed using the block copolymer P3HT-b-PS since the PS block is more compatible with the quantum dots.


The wide environment system consists of ambient, clothing and human, in which the clothing comfort is influenced by temperature and relate humidity and other physical index of ambient. In this paper the influences of environment color on the clothing comfort is studied to provide theoretical proof for environment color design. The experimental is conducted in climate chamber, and the subjective evaluation and objective physical index are measured during wearing trials, the data collected from trials are analyzed, based on which the color significantly effects the clothing comfort and causes fluctuation of skin temperature that influence the clothing comfort. Meanwhile, the color stimulate the nervous system results in comfort sensation, but which is not the main effect factors in normal situation. Thus, the clothing comfort can be improved by varying environment color in the normal condition.


The half-life of the 58keV level of a59Tb was determined by classical resonance absorption using the centrifuge technique and by M6ssbauer spectroscopy measuring the natural line width and found to be Zx/2=(58_+10)ps. M6ssbauer spectra for Tb and Tb20 3 absorbers and for Dy20 3 and GdFe 2 sources were investigated for temperatures between 9 and 385 K. Results for hyperfine interactions and Debye Waller factors are given. The Debye Waller factors are compared with predictions obtained from other experimental results.


In this paper, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18~{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> n-type lateral DMOS (LDMOS) is researched. By optimized manufacture process and device structures, ultra-low specific on resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{\mathrm {onsp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is achieved. Pbody and n-type drift region are all full self-aligned implantation (FSAI). For different structures, the uniformities of the dc parameters affected by the process variation are researched. Experimental results show that: by optimizing manufacture process and device structures, the FSAI nLDMOS has competitive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{\mathrm {onsp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared with other technologies. For Breakdown voltage equals to 42 V and 52 V, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R} _{\mathrm {onsp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are 18.7 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}{\Omega \bullet }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>mm2 and 30 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m} {\Omega \bullet }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>mm2, respectively. For FSAI-nLDMOS, both simulation and experiment demonstrated that the shift of the dc parameters generated by the process variation is superior to the other technologies. Moreover, only one n-type drift region with filed oxide is used. The device is fabricated in bulk-silicon without epitaxy. These leads to the low cost of the fabrication.


Based on analysis of results from compression tests for ordinary clay and loess, it is known that the preconsolidation force p c′ can be determined from test curve of log(1+ e ) against log p′ . The method is more simple and accurate than that of Csagrande method. Loess is a structured soil but its consolidation feature not so good under compacting force. Thus, p s′ is usually used to represent the combined effect of both preconsolidation pressure and solidification internal force. There is a large different between p c′ and p s′ , but p s′ can also be determined by both methods as mentioned above.


The quantitative relationship between EEG-related changes in the visual activity of perigeniculate (PGN) and lateral geniculate (LGN) neurons with overlapping receptive (r)elds was analyzed in the anesthetized and paralyzed cat. While transient response peaks were independent of the EEG state, we found opposite changes in spontaneous activity and tonic visual responses, with PGN cells increasing and LGN cells decreasing their spontaneous/tonic activity with increasing EEG delta activity in most cases. The tonic (r)ring rates of PGN and LGN cell pairs were clearly correlated with a slope of about −0.5. Thus, LGN (r)ring was low when PGN activity was high and vice versa. With a change from low to high EEG delta activity the difference between the tonic responses of PGN and LGN cells increased on average by 50 spikes/s, both for the whole population and at the single cell level, indicating that state-dependent changes in retino-geniculate transmission are regulated by a distinct ratio of PGN-LGN activity.


Compliance with the quenching technology ensures a high-quality product with the required properties. Violation of the modes of heating for quenching and cooling during quenching leads to the formation of defects such as soft spots and quenching cracks. The presence of soft spots in the metal is unacceptable due to structural stresses and the difference in mechanical properties between the base metal and the defective areas. To remove soft spots, repeated heat treatment is required. Quenching cracks occur due to internal stresses that exceed the resistance to destruction, due to non-simultaneous transformations and thermal expansion and compression. Products with quenching cracks are the final rejects.The article examines soft spots and thermal cracks on the outer surface of seamless pipes formed during heat treatment. The results of metallographic studies of the microstructure in the defect zone are presented, and the genetic and morphological features of defects are determined and studied. The structural heterogeneity was confirmed by Rockwell hardness measurements. Based on the data obtained, the causes of defects were determined.


The increasing level of automation in safety-critical applications such as automated driving leads to additional requirements for functional availability of mechatronic systems. It is thus important to consider fail-operability and functional safety in order to optimize the performance and cost of the overall system in early design phases. The evaluation of feasible designs requires also the analysis of possible malfunctions and robustness of appropriate safety mechanisms in erroneous system states. This includes the examination of not only single faults but also of the sequence and impact of possible fault combinations in dynamic systems. The work presented in this paper proposes a methodology and a modeling approach suitable for the design exploration of mechatronic systems under consideration of functional safety. It enables to automatically generate feasible design variants by varying the functional system architecture at different abstraction levels and by mapping the functions to a set of hardware components. Furthermore, it combines logical and behavioral modeling with the goal to automatically evaluate the impact of component failures for various design variants under consideration of system dynamics and possible reconfigurations. A stochastic process of each design variant is set up automatically to estimate relevant safety metrics. The applicability and benefits of the proposed model-based design exploration of fail-operational mechatronic systems are demonstrated on exemplary drivetrain variants by investigating multiple safety mechanisms at different abstraction levels.


INTRODUCTION
The incidence of Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is very rare.

CASE REPORT
A case report is presented highlighting the main dental aspects that include delayed eruption, root resorption, dilacerations, and a reduction in the height and width of the ramus and body of the mandible on the affected side.


Radiant floor heating systems provide comfortable indoor thermal environment. Primary air supply systems can be used to remove contaminants in the space heated by radiant floor. In this study, heating performance of integrated system of impinging jet ventilation (IJV) and heating floor was numerically investigated. The lowest floor heating capacity was 0 W/m2 and gradually increased to 50W/m2, and the primary air temperature supplied by IJV were 14, 16 and 18°C, respectively. In terms of contaminant removal efficiency, contaminant removal efficiency (CRE) was applied. The vertical dimensionless temperature distribution was used to analyse the heating performance of HF on supply air. The numerical results showed that the supply air layer of IJV could be heated by 60% to 80% under the heat effect of HF. The same is true for low supply air temperature 14 °C. The integrated system IJV/HF generated the weaken thermal stratification which is beneficial for energy saving. The CRE of IJV/HF system was influenced by the downward airflow of external wall. Sufficient supply air could overcome the downflow and effectively increase the CRE value (> 2).


Background: Acid base disorders are common in the ICU patients and pose a great burden in the management of the underlying condition.Methods: Identifying the type of acid-base disorders in ICU patients using arterial blood gas analysis This was a retrospective case-controlled comparative study. 46 patients in intensive care unit of a reputed institution and comparing the type of acid-base disorder amongst infectious (10) and non-infectious (36) diseases.Results: Of the study population, 70% had mixed acid base disorders and 30% had simple type of acid base disorders. It was found that sepsis is associated with mixed type of acid-base disorders with most common being metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis. Non-infectious diseases were mostly associated with metabolic alkalosis with respiratory acidosis. Analysis of individual acid base disorders revealed metabolic acidosis as the most common disturbance.Conclusions: These results projected the probability of acid bases disorders in various conditions and help in the efficient management. Mixed acid base disorders are the most common disturbances in the intensive care setup which is metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis in infectious diseases and metabolic acidosis is the most common simple type of acid base disorder.


In this paper we prove some results on the location of zeros of a certain class of polynomials which among other things generalize some known results in the theory of the distribution of zeros of polynomials.


MANY thinkers complain nowadays, that the individuals of which our society is composed lack originality. The complaint is a serious one, for it is lack of personal force and of the energy to create in the people at large, which has brought many a nation to the dust and put many a civilization to shame before the world. Nations, like individuals, must work out their own salvation or cease to be. They must be constituted by men of vigorous and independent mind, or they cannot stand the strain which the law of progress puts upon every living creature. Uniformity is just as benumbing in national life as in religious life. To a small degree at least, Britain is suffering from this deadening formality at the present moment. The discipline of the political party which has been in the ascendant for the past few years has made the people too acquiescent in its policy, and there has been a consequent loss of vigorous originative force in its counsels. This inertia always tends to creep into the national life of highly civilized States. Amid the stress of those strenuous battles which work out the freedom of a nation and give it a high place among its brother nations, men of commanding


As water sector professionals and decision-makers, our ideas of the perspective of consumers on water pricing and tariff reform may be based on any or all of the following misguided assumptions: • That price is the most important factor for consumers, and they want to pay as little as possible; • That consumers take a short term view, and only care about immediate changes to water supply services – they cannot see the "big picture"; • That the poor cannot afford water tariffs, are not willing to pay them, and must always be offered very cheap water, even if this means heavy subsidies and lower levels of service; • That providing consumption subsidies delivered through water prices is the best and most effective way to help the poor; • That we already know more or less what consumers want, can afford and are willing to pay for; • That water pricing reform is too complicated to explain to consumers; and, • That the best way to avoid opposition to plans for tariff reform is to keep consumers in the dark until irreversible decisions are announced.


For standard laboratory micro-CT systems, acquired radiographs do not always adhere to the strict geometrical assumptions of the reconstruction algorithm. The consequence of this geometrical inconsistency is that the reconstructed tomogram contains artefacts (blurring, streaking, double-edges) in the reconstructed tomogram. Typically, the geometry varies during the acquisition of radiographs due to a combination of sample-manipulator inaccuracies, sample movement, and thermally induced system component (particularly X-ray source) movements. To achieve a motion-artefact-free tomographic reconstruction, one must estimate the experimental geometry parameters per-radiograph. One can then either: correct the radio-graphs to be consistent with an assumed geometry, or utilise the estimated per-radiograph geometries directly in the reconstruction method. The reprojection alignment (RA) method has been utilised to estimate experimental per-radiograph geometry parameters (hence referred to as per-radiograph motions). This method involves generating a set of simulated radiographs and using image registration to align each simulated radiograph with its corresponding measured (experiment) radiograph. Typically, this is an iterative procedure where a new set of simulated radiographs are generated using the estimated motion parameters calculated from the previous iteration. The RA motion correction method has been successfully applied for circular trajectories [3, 4], double-helix and space-filling trajectories [2] and even incorporated directly into iterative methods [1, 2]. A deficiency of the RA method is that it only guarantees that simulated projections align with the measured projections, there is no constraint on the quality/fidelity of the reconstructed tomogram. Here, we simulate cases of per-projection misalignments where the RA iterations converge to spurious solutions (local-minima). In particular, for helical-like trajectories, low-frequency shift perturbations in the direction of the sample translation axis are susceptable to these local minima.


Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have developed rapidly in the bio-magnetic measurement field, which requires lasers with stable frequency and intensity for high sensitivity. Herein we stabilize a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) without any additional setup except for the parts of an OPM. The linewidth of the absorption spectrum as a frequency reference is broadened to 40 GHz owing to pressure broadening. To enhance performance, the VCSEL injection current and temperature are tuned simultaneously using a closed-loop control system. The experiments reveal that the VCSEL frequency stability achieves 2 × 10−7 at an average time of 1 s, and the intensity noise is 1 × 10−6 V=Hz1=2 at 1–100 Hz. This approach is useful for suppressing OPM noise without additional sensor probe parts.


On June 26, 2013, in U.S. v. Windsor, 133 S. Ct. 2675 (2013), the U.S. Supreme Court, struck down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), finding that the Act violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution as applied to legally married same-sex couples who were legally married in states that permitted same-sex marriages. Such benefits include, but are not limited to, income tax benefits, estate and gift tax benefits, and employee tax benefits. Same-sex married couples must now confront certain negative tax ramifications which will be imposed on them following the Windsor decision. Couples previously denied joint return status must determine the effect of filing joint returns both for future tax years and for previously filed tax years still open within the statute of limitations on refund claims. Moreover, the benefits of filing a joint return may not be more advantageous than filing as single or as head of household. Couples with similar incomes often pay the "marriage penalty," with their tax liability as a couple being much higher than it would be if filing as single or head-ofhousehold. Much of the guidance for same-sex married couples comes from Revenue Ruling 2013-38, IRB 201, which was issued on August 29, 2013. The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine the implications in the federal tax laws following the Windsor decision as well as those contained in Rev. Rul. 2013-38 in order to assist tax practitioners and same-sex married couples in complying with and planning under the federal tax laws.


The thesis is concerned with the study of fluid-structure interaction in flexible tubes both from the modelling as well as the experimental point of view. More specifically, it presents the first stage of development and testing of a novel unified solution method suitable for fluid-structure interaction problems. In the conventional approach for modelling such problems, the fluid and solid components are treated separately, information is exchanged at their interface and different solution algorithms are used for the two components. The equations for solids are solved for displacement and stress and, the ones for fluids are solved for velocity and pressure. The exchange of information between two solution methods that solve for different quantities is not a trivial task and has also known drawbacks such as high computational cost and potential numerical instabilities, especially for very flexible structures. In the new method presented in the thesis, a single set of equations is used to describe both fluid and solid, while the interface between them is contained within the solution domain itself. This is achieved by reformulating the solid equations to contain the same primitive variables used in fluids i.e. velocity and pressure. The PISO algorithm is used to handle the velocity-pressure coupling. The method proposed is fully tested for solids on a structural dynamic problem (beam bending) and the results compared successfully with the classical structural analysis. In order to quantify the dissipation characteristics of the numerical integration technique, a stability eigenvalue analysis of the proposed time marching and spatial discretisation scheme is performed in one dimension but the conclusions of this analysis were also in agreement with the results of the beam bending. The new formulation for solids is found to be stable and robust, thus it can be used in the next stage of testing in full fluid-structure-interaction problems. The new algorithm can be validated against the results obtained during the experimental phase of the work, which is focused on wave propagation in flexible vessels. This experimental study is also motivated by the need to understand arterial blood flow. Although the general principles governing the arterial hemodynamics are well known, the assessment of non-linearities arising from wall thickness variation and geometric tapering, naturally present in the arterial tree morphology, have not been fully investigated. To this end, a complete experimental data set on wave propagation was collected for six flexible tubes with different wall thickness and geometric tapering.


The rapidly changing business environment in India and abroad brings many challenges and some top of the mind business issues for companies. Today work force is undergoing radical change as a result of powerful global forces. This research paper, though exploratory in nature aims to help companies to understand the global and regional talent trends. Detailed research may be undertaken to equip the Indian organizations with knowledge to benchmark their talent management practices, identify the gaps in their programme, develop a road map for execution and generate innovative solutions to attract, engage , develop and retain their talent. The Indian economy is supported by huge inflow of FDI, raising foreign exchange reserves, an IT and real estate boom, developing capital market. The major critical strength for India is English speaking and relatively young work force, increasing domestic demand for goods and services, growth of domestic companies. However 60% of the India's 1.2 billion population is dependent on agriculture is a major challenge. Need for huge investment in infrastructure is another challenging area. Other areas which needs to be addressed are state bureaucracy, corruption and tariffs and the level of public debt.


Abstract A clinical photographer's role can cover a broad range of disciplines within the health care setting and throughout a patient's care pathway. This in turn can result in the photographer being exposed to scenarios and conditions which can be extremely traumatic. At the time this study took place, formal training for clinical photographers on the management of these situations or the emotional well-being of the photographer did not exist. To explore clinical photographers' experiences and management of these situations, the author circulated a questionnaire which was completed by 216 participants. The results showed individuals find a range of situations emotionally challenging and this varies from person to person based on factors such as experiences they have had in their personal life and time within the profession.


The present paper reviews some aspects concerned with the development of green technologies in the photopolymerization area: use of visible light sources (Xe and Hg-Xe lamps, diode lasers), soft irradiation conditions (household lamps: halogen lamp, fluorescence bulbs, LED bulbs), sunlight exposure, development of very efficient photoinitiating systems and use of renewable monomers. The drawbacks/breakthroughs encountered when going on the way of a greener approach are discussed. Examples of recent achievements are presented.


In the early 1980s the Australian economy underwent a period of rapid financial deregulation and liberalisation, the key symbol of this process being the floating of the exchange rate in December 1983. It has been suggested that one effect of such regulatory change is to alter the risk characteristics of economic units most directly impacted by the changes. In this vein, Brooks and Faff (1995) examined banking industry risk and found that deregulation coincided with a stabilising of the beta risk of banks. However, financial deregulation was expected to have widespread effects across the economy. Accordingly, in this paper we further test for possible effects by examining the level and stability of the beta risk of individual stocks and portfolios in other industries in both prederegulation and post-deregulation periods. From a comparison of the two periods we find that the effects on beta levels vary across industries. However in general post-deregulation betas have become stable across a large range of key industry classifications. This provides interesting insights into the effects of financial deregulation on relative risk and why different industries may have different experiences.


The Gene Family Encoding a Major Glycoprotein in the Murine Submaxillary Gland. by A.G. Craig A gene family encoding msp36, a major product of the mouse submaxillary gland, was shown by Southern analysis and genomic cloning to contain approximately ten related genes. Restriction and heterodupiex mapping, allied to hybridisation of the cDNA to cloned genomic fragments, have elucidated the overall structures of some of the msp36-related genes, and in one case have produced a precise gene arrangement. The use of specific oligonucleotide probes has further refined these structures and demonstrated the close physical linkage of six of the genes in "head-to-head", "head-to-tail" and "tail-to-tail" configurations. They have also implied the presence of an intron-less msp36-related sequence which is probably a pseudogene. Investigations at the mRNA level have led to the conclusions that the expression of the msp36 genes is tissue-specific and not androgen-regulated. There appear to be two classes of mature transcript which may originate by differential splicing or, more likely, be the products of diferent genes. The function of msp36 is not known, but from the cDNAderived primary protein sequence it seems likely that it is a secreted glycoprotein. Several possible identities are discounted on the basis of amino-acid composition, immunoprécipitation and the tissue-specificity of the


By calculating and analysing the thermodynamic state functions, potential temperature (θ), potential pseudo-equivalent temperature of saturated air (θ  se ) etc., the following results are obtained: (1) There is good correspondence between the grouping forms of thermodynamic state functions profiles ((θ(p),θ se (p),θ  se (p)) and the occurrence as well as development of weather process; (2) There are considerable sensitivity and accordance between the evolution of the form of the thermodynamic state function profiles and the occurrences as well as development of weather process; (3) The given grouping features of thermodynamic state function profiles have certain signatures and indications of weather characteristics. Consequently, the grouping form and evolution feature of thermodynamic state function profiles have apparent weather sense, especially in the case of severe weather forecast, it is an effective forecast approach with further development and wide application scope.


The utility model relates to a metal wire double twisting machine and is an exclusive mechanical part for stranding and twisting in industries of steel wire, automobile tire wire, and electrical wire, comprising a machine frame 1, a wire-passing synchronous rotor 2, two or a plurality of rows of paying-off disc brackets 8, a spool rest 10, a guide wire gear train, a wire separating plate 22, a wire concentrating spout 23 and a synchronous driving device. The wire-passing synchronous rotor comprises a left rotary plate 3, a right rotary plate 11, swelling tightness devices 4, 20 and wire-passing rings 7, 19. Both ends of swelling tightness devices are respectively connected with edges of left and right rotary plates. Wire-passing rings are worn on swell tightness devices. Left and right rotary plates are arranged on the machine frame through a rotary plate shaft device. Both ends of two or a plurality of rows of paying-off disc brackets 8 are hanged on left and right rotary plate shafts. Paying-off discs are horizontally arranged on two or a plurality of rows of paying-off disc brackets. The synchronous driving device is respectively connected with left and right rotary plates 3, 11. The length of the utility model is short, the weight is light, the speed of rotation is high, the noise is low, and the quality of steel wire is stable.


Today's software-intensive systems are among the most complex artifacts created by men. This is due to ever increasing requirements and functionality of the software on the one hand, and to rising structural complexity with respect to size, interconnectedness, and distribution on the other hand. Engineering and controlling these systems pushes existing software engineering approaches to (and beyond) their limits [1]. This paper describes the concept of IT ecosystems as a new approach for addressing this challenge from the perspective of software engineering. The concept and approaches described were developed in a large interdisciplinary research project (www.it-oekosysteme.org); we present first results including a validation scenario of a smart airport, which has been devised and implemented in the project, aiming at a comprehensive approach to IT ecosystems engineering.


The classic Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) mechanism ensures incentive compatibility, i.e., truth-telling is a dominant strategy for all agents, for a static one-shot game. However, it does not appear to be feasible to construct mechanisms that ensure dominance of dynamic truth-telling for agents comprised of general stochastic dynamic systems. The agents' intertemporal net utilities depend on future controls and payments, and a direct extension of the VCG mechanism does not guarantee incentive compatibility. This article shows that such a stochastic dynamic extension does exist for the special case of linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) agents. In fact, it achieves subgame perfect dominance of truth-telling. This is accomplished through a construction of a sequence of layered payments over time that decouples the intertemporal effect of current bids on future net utilities if system parameters are known and agents are rational. An important motivating example arises in power systems where an independent system operator has to ensure balance of generation and consumption at all times, while ensuring social efficiency, i.e., maximization of the sum of the utilities of all agents. It is also necessary to satisfy budget balance and individual rationality. However, in general, even for static one-shot games, there is no mechanism that simultaneous satisfies these requirements while being incentive compatible and socially efficient. For a power market of LQG agents, we show that there is a modified "Scaled" VCG (SVCG) mechanism that does satisfy incentive compatibility, social efficiency, budget balance, and individual rationality under a certain "market power balance" condition where no agent is too negligible or too dominant. We further show that the SVCG payments converge to the Lagrange payments, defined as the payments that correspond to the true price in the absence of strategic considerations, as the number of agents in the market increases. For LQ but non-Gaussian agents, optimal social welfare over the class of linear control laws is achieved.


Recent results concerning asymptotic Bayes-optimality under sparsity (ABOS) of multiple testing procedures are extended to fairly generally distributed effect sizes under the alternative. An asymptotic framework is considered where both the number of tests m and the sample size m go to infinity, while the fraction p of true alternatives converges to zero. It is shown that under mild restrictions on the loss function nontrivial asymptotic inference is possible only if n increases to infinity at least at the rate of log m. Based on this assumption precise conditions are given under which the Bonferroni correction with nominal Family Wise Error Rate (FWER) level alpha and the Benjamini- Hochberg procedure (BH) at FDR level alpha are asymptotically optimal. When n is proportional to log m then alpha can remain fixed, whereas when n increases to infinity at a quicker rate, then alpha has to converge to zero roughly like n^(-1/2). Under these conditions the Bonferroni correction is ABOS in case of extreme sparsity, while BH adapts well to the unknown level of sparsity.
In the second part of this article these optimality results are carried over to model selection in the context of multiple regression with orthogonal regressors. Several modifications of Bayesian Information Criterion are considered, controlling either FWER or FDR, and conditions are provided under which these selection criteria are ABOS. Finally the performance of these criteria is examined in a brief simulation study.


Cities around the world are experiencing traffic congestion and test different solutions to insure adequate mobility for their inhabitants while at the same time taking into consideration the relatively new concern for sustainable development. Several Western countries, such as France and the United States, have seen a resurgence of streetcars/tramways as a way of enhancing mobility at a lower environmental cost in central parts of their cities. Many European towns have embraced the concept of bike sharing. Reflections on the urban environment have led to transit-oriented-development schemes. This presentation considers the relevance of such schemes in Asian cities characterized both by very high population densities and a rapid increase in motorized transportation. Is T.O.D. an option ? What is easy in low-density Denver suburbs may be difficult to implement in Asia. Are streetcars a better solution than bus rapid transit lanes on the Brazilian Curitiba model ? Singapore's congestion charge policy has become model for Western cities such as London. Several Asian cities have built elevated monorail systems, which are not in the plans for most European or American cities. As bicycles are returning to the streets of Paris, their use tends to be restricted in Beijing or Shanghai


This article analyses how investors cope with carbon price uncertainty on the long run. More precisely, we assume that climate targets are not well established, so decision makers do not know if climate policy will be highly or moderately restrictive. It means that the long run carbon price drift is uncertain. However, there is a progressive resolution of this uncertainty. A real option analysis is conducted, in the case of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project appraisal. We show that this additional uncertainty decreases investment probability, but does not lead to a lag of investment, as generally assumed in real option literature.


The 'Guidelines for Using Antiretroviral Agents Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents,' which are recommendations of the Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV, have been updated with additional information linking the use of antiretroviral therapy to chronic diseases and adverse events.


Oppenheimer's role in his actions at Los Alamos were likely "embellished" because of later conflict, but the contradiction itself remains. In practice, Teller accused opponents of mixing politics and technical matters when he disagreed with their position. He was known to appeal to morality, both publicly and in backroom politicking, when it suited his purposes. For example, consider his highly public praise of President Ronald Reagan's decision to pursue "defensive" research and for providing "the needed basis for a stable, lasting peace." In his review of Teller's autobiography, Steven Shapin makes the point that Teller separated science and politics (or not) as suited his own interests. Bethe also endeavored to separate politics and science. When accused of doing shoddy science in the name of politics, he and those who agreed with him argued back on technical grounds. Both men conducted scientific work based upon real convictions. But their views on the relationship between science and politics were always articulated within a particular context and culture. As several scholars have emphasized, experts are asked to be "on tap" but never "on top" in the United States political system. That is, they are asked to render value-neutral judgments, leaving policymaking to elected officials. These complexities demand greater interpretive attention to audience and rhetoric. By neglecting these issues, Bird may have limited the scope of her own audience. Nonetheless, the book does synthesize some materials in a manner that young scholars may find useful, and that will be somewhat informative to individuals who are unfamiliar with Bethe, Teller, and the debates that consumed their public lives.


The measurement of river currents can essentially contribute to determine river run-offs, whose knowledge is of great importance, e.g. in climate research. Remote sensing would be a convenient way to regularly monitor river currents on a large scale. The paper presents results from an airborne flight campaign in which SAR techniques were used to map and estimate river surface currents. As the radar backscatter of rivers is usually very low due to the lack of a rough surface, the test sites must be chosen carefully. From a radar point of view the surface patterns behave like moving objects. These cause several effects in SAR images such as azimuth displacements that complicate measurements. It is shown that by taking them into account the estimation of river currents with SAR techniques is possible.


When the underwater acoustic targets are in different convergence zones, the characteristics of the acoustic signals received by the hydrophone have a strong similarity. The traditional Matched Field Processing (MFP) localization method is difficult to discriminate the convergence zone that the underwater target exists. Based on the different characteristics of the spatial-frequency structure of the sound field in the convergence zone, this paper proposes a discrimination method by using the classical convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Acoustic propagation model is used to generate simulated sound field, which replace the experimental data to train the model. Compared with the MFP, the machine learning based has certain tolerance to the uncertainty of environmental parameters. Computer simulation data and experimental data verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.


The primary objective of this investigation is to provide a full flow simulation of a spacecraft in low earth orbit (LEO). Due to the nature of the environment, the simulation includes the highly coupled effects of neutral particle flow, free stream plasma flow, nonequilibrium gas dynamics effects, spacecraft charging and electromagnetic field effects. Emphasis is placed on the near wake phenomenon and will be verified in space by the Wake Shield Facility (WSF) and developed for application to Space Station conditions as well as for other spacecraft. The WSF is a metallic disk-type structure that will provide a controlled space platform for highly accurate measurements. Preliminary results are presented for a full flow around a metallic disk.


The present invention relates to a method for operating a device transmitting data over a data network. The digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) (20) can be modified to monitor the line (19) when to synchronize (i.e., establish a DSL connection), and, if on the line since the last synchronization date rate is changed, automatically generate a message, and sends the message to a management device (100) access network.


Extended producer responsibility implementation effectively dependents on the degree of government concern on EPR in China. Cooperation with the government is the essential guide for EPR implementation of enterprises. As a barometer for the action of the government in the future, laws and regulations have become the most important ways to understand the attitude of government for enterprises. In spite of government regulation is already proved to be valuable in enterprise practice, few studies have been done to explore the power and ideology of EPR legislation system from the perspective of discourse system. This paper researches the concern degree of EPR by the discourse analysis for policy in China. Based on the statistic of laws and regulations documents on EPR and environmental protection form the central government and the twelve provinces, this paper studies the law text via the method of content analysis and the qualitative analysis software. According to the path analysis content, including frequency statistics, position statistics and subject statistics of EPR and its related words, this paper points out the overall situation, the focus work and the future direction of the planning for EPR. Based on the above research, this paper summarizes four conclusions: Firstly, from overall situation of government, the present working on the EPR implementation is relatively weak. But EPR will become the focus of environmental protection strategy from the development trend of policy. Secondly, from current focus of government, improving solid waste recycling system is the focus of EPR implementation. Thirdly, from future direction of government planning, investment of solid waste industry is the focus of EPR implementation. Fourthly, from right and responsibility perspective of enterprise, the EPR legislation system has no accurate punishment content, and the definition of rights and responsibilities for enterprise are vague.


This paper proposes a modification to the existing rooftop Base Transceiver Station (BTS) located in urban area. Due to growing subscriber base the telephone service providers (TSPs) are forced to install more rooftop BTS in densely populated urban areas amid tall concrete buildings. Due to huge running cost incurred on electric energy bills, fuel purchase and rentals, the TSPs are unable to run/maintain a wide spanning network. This scenario can be averted by adding a small solar photo voltaic power plant to existing rooftop BTS. This paper describes techno-economic optimum sizing of a small SPV power plant connected to existing rooftop BTS located in urban area. The prime concern is to determine PV array size for existing battery bank with limited area to install PV modules on rooftop.


In 1997 a development project was started aiming on mechanisation of the process of paving floors with ceramic tiles. Together with a number of companies from The Netherlands, Germany and Belgium and with additional funding from the European Commission the project was carried out by A+ innovations in cooperation with the Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Architecture, Building and Planning. The development was based on an analysis of the traditional tiling process and includes a range of devices for several stages of the tiling process. This paper includes a short overview of the total development. More particular it focuses on the core development: the tiling robot. Several concepts are discussed. This holds for the robot device but also for the carriage, the software and the control. A special aspect was the necessity of 'forward tiling'. As a consequence the robot has to move over the tiles that have been laid just a minute ago. It is evident that this approach is critical for the mortar bed. Also the development of a mortar bed was part of the development. Finally conclusions are drawn: Apart from the deliverables of the project, which implies a.o. a working robot also conclusions have been drawn regarding the main success factors. • The development is based on a market problem; • The development is structured by experience with product development; • The market (tiler) was involved in the development, especially during the definition phase and in testing situations; • The commitment and drive of the participants


The photosensitized reactions of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II)[Ru(bpy)32+] with quinones and hydroquinones have been studied by conventional and nanosecond flash photolysis. Quenching of the excited state [*Ru(bpy)32+] by quinone occurs rapidly (kq > 2 × 109 dm3 mol–1 s–1) but the yield of electron-transfer products observed by nanosecond absorption spectroscopy is small ( 2 × 109 dm3 mol–1 s–1) with QH2 and Q, respectively.Ru(bpy)33+ is also formed when Ru(bpy)32+ is quenched by methyl viologen (MV2+) and QH2 can act as electron donor for the Ru(bpy)32+/MV2+ photoredox couple. No permanent storage of energy is achieved, however, since MV[graphic omitted] reacts rapidly (k > 2 × 109 dm3 mol–1 s–1) with quinones which are produced by disproportionation of Q[graphic omitted] or are present in the original hydroquinone samples.


Based on a theoretical analysis of the margin of solvency of the non-life insurance industry of China,this article discussed and reasoned the limitations of the margin.With the statistic data of the industry,the margin ratio was recalculated to make up the limitations.


ARC‐520, the first an RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic, was designed to reduce all RNA transcripts derived from covalently closed circular DNA, leading to a reduction in viral antigens and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA.


The invention discloses a transmission mechanism for a roving machine with spinning and doffing functions. The transmission mechanism comprises a drafting transmission device, a flyer transmission device, a lower keel lifting transmission device and a bobbin winding and shift-out/shift-in transmission device which are driven by four motors respectively, the motor of the drafting transmission device drives a roller transmission shaft to run through a synchronous belt of the drafting transmission device, the motor of the flyer transmission device drives a flyer transmission shaft to run through a synchronous belt of the flyer transmission device, the motor of the lower keel lifting transmission device drives a speed reducer through a synchronous belt of the lower keel lifting transmission device and transmits power to a lifting shaft, the motor of the bobbin winding and shift-out/shift-in transmission device drives a universal shaft fixed on a support and a bobbin shaft to run through a synchronous belt of the bobbin winding and shift-out/shift-in transmission device, the universal shaft respectively executes spinning and doffing by vertically or horizontally moving, and the transmission devices feed the measured instantaneous speed back to a computer control system through respective speed measuring encoders in real time and are controlled and managed in a centralized manner by the computer control system, so that the roving machine has the spinning and doffing functions and coordinately executes various motions. The transmission mechanism for the roving machine with the spinning and doffing functions is simple in structure and flexible in running.


Corporate sustainability (CS) is becoming a key feature for preparing an organization for the future challenges of its competitive environment. It has expanded from corporate social responsibility (CSR) by adding the dimensions of ethical, environmental, economic and cultural responsibility whilst asking for a long-term perspective of sustainability for the aforementioned subjects. This paper summarizes the concept of corporate sustainability focusing on the most relevant topics of recent scientific literature. The findings are compared to the results of 61 repertory grid interviews to evaluate how far corporate sustainability is already carried into practical notion. It is tested whether this type of interview technique and the underlying theory of personal constructs allow a visualization of the CS status of an organization. In addition, this article gives a brief outlook on the interconnection of leadership, corporate culture and corporate sustainability.


Five years ago in the pages of this journal, Carroll et al. (2009) warned "Although the goal of globalizing the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) is laudable, we have gone about it in a way that guarantees that the organization will shrink because it is not meeting anyone's needs for engagement and networking on a scale that is affordable and relevant to them professionally." Since that time, SCB's membership has declined by over onethird. Is this trend a consequence of the challenges arising from SCB's globalization, or of unrelated factors such as dues increases, or from the general challenges facing scientific societies in the 21st century? More importantly, how can SCB and other scientific societies with a conservation mission overcome these challenges and remain relevant to the community of conservation scientists and practitioners? When SCB was founded in 1985, joining a scientific society provided access to a paper journal, as well as an opportunity to network with colleagues at annual conferences. Today, print journals have been largely supplanted by electronic versions, which are readily accessible to many academic conservation scientists via their university. An increased number of scientific conferences compete for attendees. As a result of these forces, smaller scientific societies have experienced a much starker downturn in membership in recent years than larger organizations (Potter et al. 2013). Potter et al. (2013) concluded that "membership-based organizations are broadly affected by six shifts that influence how individuals relate to their professional associations: increased competition for their time, an increased desire to see a return on their investment, more organizations competing for their attention, generational differences in the perceived value of membership, increased specialization of interest, and an increased expectation for technological adeptness." The SCB, as a relatively small society compared with its peers in conservation-related fields, has been affected by these forces. While SCB's membership has declined since 2008, membership (as reflected in publicly reported membership revenue) of the larger Ecological Society of America remained stable, while that of The Wildlife Society declined sharply and then stabilized (Supporting Information). These latter organizations may be benefiting from economies of scale in organizing large annual conferences, as well as (in the case of The Wildlife Society) a renewed focus on membership recruitment and development of local chapters. But SCB also differs from these organizations in being a global rather than a North America-based organization. This contrast adds additional challenges that compound the general trends threatening small scientific societies. Since 2002, SCB has been an integrated organization in which the 7 sections remain part of a single U.S.based fiscal entity (SCB-Global). In effect, SCB has settled on a partial transition from a single unified North American organization to a section-based global structure. This has resulted in SCB experiencing the challenges associated with a distributed organization without many of the related benefits. Because global conferences are cost-prohibitive for many conservation scientists, especially those associated with government agencies, section conferences continue to be a major engine for recruitment of new members. However, due to lack of local expertise, SCB-Global is of little assistance to sections in conference management. Similarly, association with a U.S.-based organization has provided the sections with little benefit in terms of regional fundraising and has in some cases been a barrier to securing grants from non-U.S. sources. Because SCB-Global's Executive Office retains an identity as both a (formally) global and a (practically) North American organization, growth of the North American section as a separate entity has at times been seen as duplicative of or in competition with SCB-Global. The incomplete evolution of SCB from a national to a global organization has resulted in an unresolved debate between globalists and regionalists. Globalists prioritize the role of SCB at the global scale in addressing historical inequities in conservation science capacity between the developing and developed world and in building collaborations between scientists via global conferences. Conservation scientists may support these actions in part because they recognize that most biodiversity is in the developing world. There are examples of global scientific societies, such as the International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE), that focus primarily on


Abstract Using data from the American National Election Studies, Poole-Rosenthal DW-Nominate scores, and data on the religious affiliations of members of the United States House of Representatives, I show that religion has important independent effects on the evaluation of candidates' ideologies. The results suggest that candidates affiliated with evangelical Christianity will tend to be seen as more conservative than ideologically similar candidates from mainline Protestant denominations. Jewish candidates, in contrast, will tend to be seen as more liberal than ideologically similar mainline Protestants. Additionally, the use of religion-based stereotypes varies with frequency of church attendance. These findings attest to the external validity of recent experiment-based research on religion-based political stereotypes. The approach employed here also allows for the estimation of the magnitude of the effects of such stereotypes. The results shed light on both the importance of religion in election campaigns and the factors that influence perceptions of candidates' ideologies more generally.


During 9 years between 1973 and 1963 in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the Istanbul Medical School in the Istanbul University, proximal femoral osteotomy was applied on 86 hips of 72 cases with osteoarthritis. Our cases had an avarage of 56 years of age. In 46 of theee cases, only translation, in 32 translation and varisation, and in 9 translation valgisation operations were performed. Union period was 4 months in avarage results were examined in view of pain, restriction of motion, ambulation and nadiologic conciusions. It was observed that in 76 hips (86% w), pain was decreased or lost completely, ambulation was better compared to its previone form in 59 hips (69%). There was hochange in hip motions in 52 hips (60%), there way slight reduction in motions in 16 hips (19% w), and that there was a slight reduction in motions in 16 hips (19%), and there was a slight increase in motions in 18 hips (21%). It has been conciuded that if indicated adequately proximal femoral osteotomies have a selective place in the treatment of osteoarthrosis.


This work proposes a multidimensional approach for analyzing the routing problem to determine the best routes considering data related to different domains of a city. The proposed strategy defines (i) a quality function for each considered dimension to evaluate the route quality and (ii) a utility function that simultaneously considers the different dimensions by weighting each of them at the decision maker's choice. The approach was implemented on a georeferenced smart city platform that integrates data from several city domains. As proof of concept, the platform is used to combine routing and public safety data and indicates the best routes according to these criteria.


Introduction: Negative attitudes between pharmacists, doctors and nurses can impact adversely on patients' medicines management. A seven-week interprofessional learning (IPL) intervention was delivered to foster positive attitudes. Methods: First-year pharmacy, nursing and medical students' attitudes were assessed using the Attitudes to Health Professionals Questionnaire before and after IPL intervention. Results: Students viewed pharmacists, doctors and nurses as more 'caring' after IPL. Nurses were viewed as most 'caring'. Nursing and pharmacy students perceived doctors as least 'caring' before and after IPL whereas medical students viewed pharmacists as least 'caring'. Students perceived their own profession as more 'caring' than others did. The three-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between student groups (p < 0.0001), professions (p < 0.0001) and before-and-after IPL (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Findings suggest that students' attitudes are more positive after they have worked together during seven weeks of IPL. Each student group view their own profession more positively than others. Views become more aligned after this IPL intervention. Time may be an important factor in allowing for attitudes to change. IPL can help foster positive attitudes between doctors, pharmacists and nurses, which may facilitate effective collaboration and thus enhance patients' medicines management.


For the reasons of differences between Chinese and Western Cultures,to express and identify the politeness principles,they influenced the cross-culture communication.Analyzing the differences in the effects of cross-cultural communication may enhance awareness of cultural identity,overcome the bias of cross-culture communication,and achieve the expected effect.


Purpose
This study aims to explore residents' trust in local government councils and to examine the effect of political efficacy and good governance on that trust and on the performance of local government councils in an emerging nation.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative research designs. Firstly, a thematic analysis was performed to explore residents' trust in local government councils and compare it with the data gathered in the literature review. Thereafter, a partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to investigate the hypothesised linkages.

Findings
The thematic analysis of the face-to-face semi-structured interviews discovered four themes (trust, performance, political efficacy and good governance). Additional analysis of these themes via the PLS-SEM approach revealed good governance to be the most influential factor in promoting residents' trust in local government councils. Political efficacy was the second most influential factor. Residents expect local government councils' officers to demonstrate a strong commitment to the rule of law and comply with all relevant laws and regulations.

Practical implications
Local government councils should openly accept residents' requests and suggestions, be more flexible in policy delivery and be responsive to policy demands given the relatively small constituencies and greater policy latitudes. Multiple avenues should be available for interaction between residents and local government councils in the mission to achieve sustainable urban growth.

Originality/value
This study is unique in that it advances existing research that is lacking in the context of the Malaysian local government council. The result alerts are crucial in that they alert local government councils to the need for high levels of governance and accountability in terms of resident support to gain more trust and confidence.


THE TURN IS DEAD; LONG LIVE THE TURN. Just as early modern Europeans hailed a new king and in the same breath mourned his predecessor, the essays in this forum announce the turn's rebirth as they pronounce its epitaph. The authors offer compelling arguments for rejecting turn talk and the idea of scholarly generations on which it is based. As they observe, turns are often described in an almost religious language of conversion experiences and about-faces. This language reifies what came before and suggests that it has been decisively supplanted by another way of writing and thinking. The authors rightly reject this practice as more apt to foreclose thinking than to stimulate it.1 At the same time, in somewhat contradictory fashion, they suggest that there are troubling developments occurring now in their respective areas of specialization. Wilder observes the formation of a "disciplinary consensus" that aims to blunt the force of innovative work on French imperialism. Cook and Surkis record the declarations by senior scholars that the cultural and linguistic turns are over. Ghosh notes a strand within the new imperial history that seems to ignore postcolonial historiography. The authors' rejection of turn talk and their concerns about current scholarship are both rooted in the particular notion of historical generations that they embrace. In their articles, the contributors imagine generations as existing primarily in sequence, with each rising generation supplanting or superseding the earlier one.2 This concept of generations has a long history: it was a common trope in Weimar Germany, and it is essentially the one that is peddled to us on a daily basis by Madison Avenue, with its continual refocusing on the pleasures and preferences of young