Abstract This article develops the concept of 'mainstreaming' citizenship within schools and organisations as an approach that can stimulate the greater diversity on teaching and learning necessary to accommodate conditions of rapid social change. Greater diversity is not to say less educational effectiveness, but more, because 'mainstreaming' citizenship means emphasising values of mutual co–operation and trust. The 'rooting' of democracy within these values is essential for accommodating social diversity, but it means citizenship education can be a catalyst for a critical re–evaluation of the democratic structure and practice of schools, by addressing not just narrow academic or economic objectives, but wider political, social and cultural ones, which influence individual values and norms. In this respect, the vision of educating for citizenship needs to acknowledge the value of reciprocity between schools, community and workplace as sites for the nurture of future citizens. Schools cannot be the sole arbiters of citizenship education, but grasping the potential for dynamic change, diversity and improvement that education for citizenship presents, schools can become the stimulus for the development of an inclusive practice of citizenship appropriate and relevant for a twenty–first century multicultural society


Mobile Phones have brought the world to your fingertips and promise a revolution in communication. In Mobile Phones, the sharing of text became a successful service that is done through Short Message Service (SMS). SMS is a component of mobile communication system. The disadvantage in SMS Communication is that, larger content can be sent only as multiple messages and it in not disclosed to third party. In this paper, we have proposed a method "ComEn" to compress and encrypt the SMS Communication in Mobile Phones. The outcome of this paper may bring a new social impact to the development of large content in SMS messaging. The implementation is done using Java 2 Micro Edition, Qt SDK for Symbian S60 and it is tested by Nokia Remote Device Access (RDA).


In this study, a mathematical model for the locomotion of the stick insect is developed. This model takes physiological conditions into account and it is capable of mimicking biological relevant features.
The model is predicated on the crucial role, that sensory feedback plays in the coordination of limbs during walking. Central Pattern Generators (CPGs), which produce the rhythm of locomotion, are affected by sensory influences between the segments. The activities of the CPGs are transferred by the motoneurons to the muscles.
Starting with existing neuron models and neuronal network models, a neuro-mechanical model is developed that includes the coupling of segments inside of a leg as well as the coupling of multiple legs.
Firstly, mechanical models concerning the motion of the three isolated main joints are derived. These mechanical models are fused with the neuronal one.
Thus, they represent neuro-mechanical models for the single joints that are coupled via sensory feedback. By means of the introduction of a switching mechanism the model is able to produce forward, backward and sideward stepping of a middle leg. Through the junction of two stepping middle legs to the body of the modeled stick insect, curve walking sequences with different curvatures can be produced. By extending the model to the front and the hind leg, the structure of intersegmental connection between the legs during the tripod and tetrapod gait can be generated.
The change of stepping direction can be brought about by changing one single central command. If the middle leg is stepping backwards, the curvature during turning is smaller than in the case of sideward stepping. Weakly inhibitory intersegmental connections show the most accommodating leg coordination during both the tetrapod and the tripod gait.


This article discusses the scientific and theoretical foundations of government responsibility and analyzes the opinions and results of research by legal scholars in this direction. The article also examines the constitutional and legal practices of foreign countries that are the responsibility of the government from a comparative legal point of view and draws appropriate conclusions. In addition, based on the results of the analysis of the constitutional and legal foundations of the constitutional and legal responsibility of the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, theoretical and practical proposals and recommendations were put forward for further improvement of the mechanisms of these foundations. Although the Cabinet of Ministers regulates social relations in the life of the society and is an active participant in these relations, we can evaluate some of them as constitutional-legal relations due to the fact that such relations are carried out on the basis of the main powers of the government defined in the constitution. It is true that the procedure of all the activities of the government and the mechanisms of its implementation are not expressed in the basic law. However, the most basic and general aspects of these relations are established in the constitution. Due to the fact that the issues of responsibility and liability of the government are related to the highest bodies of state power, including the president and the Oliy Majlis, we easily understand it as a constitutional-legal relationship and constitutional-legal responsibility.


Abstract Background: In the Netherlands, lower high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positivity but higher cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ detection were found in self-collected compared with clinician-collected samples. To investigate the possible reason for these differences, we compared sociodemographic and screening characteristics of women and related these to screening outcomes. Methods: We extracted data from PALGA on all primary hrHPV screens and associated follow-up tests for 857,866 screened women, invited in 2017 and 2018. We linked these data with sociodemographic data from Statistics Netherlands. Logistic regression was performed for hrHPV positivity and CIN 2+/3+ detection. Results: Out of the 857,866 women, 6.8% chose to use a self-sampling device. A higher proportion of self-sampling users was ages 30 to 35 years, was not previously screened, was living in a one-person household, or was the breadwinner in the household. After adjustment for these factors self-sampling had lower hrHPV positivity (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.63–0.68)) as compared with clinician-collected sampling, as well as lower odds of CIN 2+ (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70–0.82) and CIN 3+ (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78–0.95) detection. Conclusions: It is likely that the observed differences between the two sampling methods are not only related to sociodemographic differences, but related to differences in screening test accuracy and/or background risk. Impact: Self-sampling can be used for targeting underscreened women, as a more convenient screening tool. Further investigation is required to evaluate how to implement self-sampling, when it is used as a primary instrument in routine screening. See related commentary by Arbyn et al., p. 159


Ab initio configuration interaction calculations using Dunning's gaussian basis set are reported for the potential energy surface for the reaction N++ H2→ NH++ H. For the collinear approach of N+ to H2 the 3Σ– surface has a shallow minimum and the 3Π surface is repulsive. For C2v geometries the 3B2 surface is strongly repulsive and the 3A2 surface has a shallow minimum. The 3B1 surface has a deep well which is not adiabatically accessible at low relative energies. An avoided crossing in Cs symmetry between the 3A″ surfaces correlating with the 3A2 and 3B1 surfaces gives an adiabatic route to the deep potential well, but trajectory hopping is thought to be significant except at the lowest relative energies. Preliminary work on the fitting of an analytic function to attractive surfaces is discussed.


Introduction by M. A. Roberts and David T. Wasserman.- I. Can Bringing a Person into Existence Harm That Person? Can an Act That Harms No One Be Wrong?.- 1. The Intractability of the Nonidentity Problem by David Heyd.- II. If Bringing a Worse Off Person into Existence Is Wrong, Is Not Bringing a Better Off Person into Existence Also Wrong?.- 2. Rights and the Asymmetry Between Creating Good and Bad Lives by Ingmar Persson.- 3. Asymmetries in the Morality of Causing People to Exist by Jeff McMahan.- III. Must an Act Worse for People Be Worse for a Particular Person?.- 4. Who Cares About Identity? By Nils Holtug.- 5. Do Future Persons Presently Have Alternative Possible Identities? By Clark Wolf.- 6. Rule Consequentialism and Non-Identity by Tim Mulgan.- IV. Is the Inference to 'No Harm Done' Correct? Must an Act That Harms a Person Make That Person Worse Off?.- 7. Harming As Causing Harm by Elizabeth Harman.- 8. Wrongful Life and Procreative Decisions by Bonnie Steinbock.- 9. Harming and Procreating by Matthew Hanser.- 10. The Nonidentity Problem and the Two Envelope Problem: When Is One Act Better for a Person Than Another? By M. A. Roberts.- V. Is the Morality of Parental Reproductive Choice Special? Can Intentions and Attitudes Make an Act that Harms No One Wrong?.- 11. Reproduction, Partiality, and the Non-Identity Problem by Hallvard Lillehammer.- 12. Two Varieties of 'Better-For' Judgements by Peter Herissone-Kelly.- 13. Harms to Future People and Procreative Intentions by David T. Wasserman.- VI. Is the Person-Affecting Approach Objectionable Independent of the Nonidentity Problem?.- 14. Can the Person-Affecting Restriction Solve the Problems in Population Ethics? By Gustaf Arrhenius.- VII. What Are the Implications of the Nonidentity Problem for Law and Public Policy?.- 15. Implications of the Nonidentity Problem for State Regulation of Reproductive Liberty by Philip G. Peters, Jr..- 16. Reparations for U.S. Slavery and Justice Over Time by Seana Valentine Shiffrin.


Studies of skin involvement in Hodgkin's disease are infrequent in the literature. In particular, immunophenotypic analyses of specific cutaneous infiltrates have been performed in only a few cases. We analyzed the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of specific cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin's disease comparing histologic and immunophenotypic aspects of skin lesions with those of the nodal counterpart. Seven patients with Hodgkin's disease of the lymph nodes and specific cutaneous lesions, where both nodal and skin biopsies were available for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses, were included in this study. Immunohistochemical stains were performed with a 3‐step immunoperoxidase technique on routinely‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. All 7 patients had nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease of the lymph nodes. In the skin, clinical presentations included reddish‐brown papules, plaques, nodules and ulcerated tumors. Histologic examination of cutaneous lesions showed features consistent with nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease in 6 cases and unclassifiable Hodgkin's disease in one. Reed‐Sternberg cells and lacunar cells were present in 4 cases (57.1%). Immunohistochemical analysis of Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells revealed a constant positivity for CD30 (BerH2) and negativity for CD45 (LCA) in both the lymph nodes and the skin. Staining with CD15 (M1) revealed positivity in 7/7 nodal samples and 5/7 skin biopsies. Cytoplasmic expression of immunoglobulin light chains (both lambda and kappa) was observed in one cutaneous case. The accompanying infiltrate was mostly composed of T‐lymphocytes admixed with variable numbers of monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils. Our results indicate that the histology of cutaneous specific manifestations of Hodgkin's disease correlates with that of the nodal counterpart in most cases. Classical Reed‐Sternberg cells, however, can be detected only in a proportion of the cutaneous lesions. Although the immunophenotype of Hodgkin cells and Reed‐Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes and the skin is similar, CD15‐negativity of Reed‐Sternberg cells can be observed in cutaneous infiltrates of Hodgkin's disease.


MALDISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH MANPOWER, a major factor in the nation's health care "crisis," is essentially a labor market problem. The basic elements of this market are supplies of health manpower (health professionals) and demands for that manpower (community and employer expressions of need). The crux of all transactions in this marketplace is practice location or emplpyment decision making by health professionals. A fundamental premise underlying the functioning of such a market under a free enterprise system is that the participants in the market are fully aware of alternative choices and of the consequences of those choices. When this premise is fulfilled, informed decision making oc-


Background: Very few cancer patients seek homeopathy as a complementary therapy. Homeopathy is highly controversial as there is no plausible mode of action for these highly diluted remedies. The CAM prevalence among cancer patients was estimated at around 60% to 80%. CAM therapies includes meditation, acupuncture, homeopathy, yoga, and diet into their care Cancer patients should be made aware that homeopathy can be taken as an alternative complimentary medical procedure for improving quality of life. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the efficacy of homeopathic remedies used as a only or additional therapy in cancer care.


Packet classification, which performs multidimensional point location upon fields in packet headers, is the key technology for enabling software-defined networking (SDN). It categorizes incoming packets into multiple forwarding classes based on pre-defined rules. This categorization also enables quality of service or network security. In this work, we propose an algorithm, Segregated Cross-producting, to improve the scalability of cross-producting in term of storage. The performance of our scheme was evaluated with rule sets of varying sizes and characteristics. The experimental results show that our scheme achieves good and stable performance in terms of speed and space.


A general analysis is developed for the complete three-dimensional transient thermal-stress distribution in a finite circular cylinder subject to arbitrary heating of the lateral surface with arbitrary heat transfer into the surrounding medium. The problem is formulated in terms of the modified Boussinesq functions and the thermoelastic displacement potential, which seem convenient in form and have the advantage of being applicable to non-axisymmetric problems. The solution meets the tractionfree boundary conditions on both the lateral surface and the plane ends of the cylinder. Graphical illustrations are provided.


The method of analysis power system transient signal based on improved Prony algorithm and PSO algorithm is proposed to boost the analysis precision of the transient signal including harmonic,inter-harmonic and decaying DC component. The model of the prony algorithm has the excellent characteristic of exact describing transient signal and directly acquiring the frequency of signal. Denoising algorithm of multiwavelet and the differential algorithm is utilized jointly to eliminate decaying DC component and magnify the high frequency components to improve the analysis precision. The parameters of the signal are assumably estimated based on Prony algorithm to confirm the parameter model and the initial value of the PSO algorithm. The Matlab simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm achieves high accuracy and rapid convergence.


Female rats of the Wistar strain have over 40 % less activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in their livers than do male rats of the same strain. Daily treatment of female rats with 10 mg of testosterone propionate for a period of 14 days increases the liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity almost to the level in normal males.


Abstract We synthesized laterally aryl substituted mesogens derived from isophthalic acid (type A) and resorcylic acid (type B) containing a fluorinated alkylalkoxy chain in a terminal position. An increase of the clearing points and a stabilization of the smectic phases compared to the nonfluorinated references appear in all cases. Hereby, the position is not important for the height of the transition temperatures. There is a dependence on the number of methylene units between the oxygen and the fluoro-carbon groups in the type A derivatives.


A method for joint estimation of DOA and coupling matrix based on linear prediction is proposed for low resolution of mutual coupling calibration method in the case of small spacing antenna array. This method augments array aperture virtually according to linear prediction principle and calculates the coupling matrix by this virtual array. Then, this coupling matrix is used as the initialization matrix of joint estimation algorithm for coupling calibration. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and provide the theoretical foundation for engineering realization. This method could also be applied in the field of tactical anti-jamming communication.


There are an articulated machine (10) and a method of operating the same disclosed, wherein the articulated machine comprising a first frame (12) with a first traction device (58) and having a steering device (106) comprising a steering angle control thereof, the first frame via an articulated joint (62) pivotally connected to a second frame (14) is connected, wherein the second frame comprises a second traction device (22), a steering sensor is configured for providing a steering signal indicative of the steering angle, and wherein an electronic controller for automatic controlling a bending angle is formed based on the steering signal.


The discovery of physiological indicators of dreaming (rapid eye movements [REM's] and a characteristic EEG pattern) by Kleitman, Dement, and their associates has led to a proliferation of quantitative dream research. 1-3-17 Reliable data on the incidence, frequency, duration, and physiology of dreaming have been presented, and old questions of imagery, speed of dreaming, and the importance of external stimulation have been answered with findings that have led to more complex questions about the dream process 9,16,17 Despite this increase in dream research, there has been little utilization of the physiological indicators for the quantitative study of dream content. The physiological indicators have not been exploited as a method for collecting a more complete and representative sample of dream narratives. This is surpris ing in that such a sample would appear to be a prerequisite for a thorough investigation of both dream interpretation and the relationship between dream content and personality.


Transformation Theory: Transformations in Space Transformations in Space-Time Boson Wave Equations Spin- Dirac Equation Discrete Symmetries Scattering Theory: Formal Theory of Scattering Simple Scattering Dynamics Nonrelativistic Perturbation Theory Covariant Feynman Diagrams: Covariant Feynman Rules Lowest-Order Electromagnetic Interactions Low-Energy Strong Interactions Lowest-Order Weak Interactions Lowest-Order Gravitational Interactions Higher-Order Covariant Feynman Diagrams Quark Model at Low Energies Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Pions Appendices: Units and Conventions Rotation-Group Formulae Elementary-Particle Zoo.


The utility tunnels used for electricity transmission are in high demand these days. The literature presents many limitations in the currently used cutterhead drive design procedure while using a shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) for the excavation of these relatively small diameter tunnels. In order to develop an appropriate design method specially for cutterhead drive, experimental data obtained through the operation of a 3560 mm diameter shield TBM were used in this research work. For experimental purpose, an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield TBM was manufactured and a facility was established for performing the full-scale tunneling tests. Numerous tests were performed through the variation of TBM operational parameters such as thrust force and the rotational speed of the cutterhead at four UCS (Uniaxial compressive strength) levels of artificial rock mass. The relationships between thrust force and torque were mainly established and the effects of UCS and rotational speed of cutterhead on these relationships are analyzed through a representative case of 100 MPa UCS. A novel torque estimation method is also presented in this study which can be conveniently used in the cutterhead drive design while using small diameter shield TBMs.


The increasing amount and complex nature of municipal waste presents problems of management. Recognising the inadequacies of landfill, waste management authorities proposed incineration, but large-scale incineration provoked more public concern and protest. Concerns about toxicity of incinerator emissions led to tighter regulation, but as evidence of the impacts of air pollution upon human health has hardened, opposition to incineration has persisted. The inequitable distribution of exposure to waste-related risks has generalised demands for environmental justice. There is variation in the extent to which anti-incinerator campaigns are networked among themselves and with environmental NGOs, but such networking has increased and is now transnational. New technologies mitigate some of the hazards of modern waste management but are unlikely to eliminate public protest over the siting of waste infrastructure.


Human or fumarase (EC 18.104.22.168). The two isoforms are encoded by the same autosomal gene localized on chromosome 1 in humans and diUer in the amino-terminal residue. The brain is an exception since it only contains the mitochondrial isoenzyme. De—ciency of fumarase (McKusick 136850) has so far been described in 11 patients (Narayanan et al 1996 and references therein). Clinical and pathological features related to the brain were found in all patients, while facial dysmorphism and a liver disorder have only been described in one. The severity of neurological impairment is quite variable and the clinical course can be static or fatal within the —rst 2 years of life. This diUerence in outcome has not been correlated with the level of residual enzyme activity or with diUerential tissue involvement. We describe clinical and biochemical —ndings in a new patient with fumarase de—ciency. The propositus was born by caesarean section after 36 weeks of gesta- tion. The unrelated parents and an older brother (3 years of age) were healthy. Birth weight was 2670 g and head circumference was 34.5 cm (both at 50th centile). APGAR score was 4/7. Five days after birth, generalized hypotonia was evident, deep tendon re—exes were hypoactive, laryngeal stridor was evident and the patient needed tube feeding because of sucking and swallowing difficulties. Brain CT scan performed at 1 month of age showed large cerebral ventricles and enlarged sub- arachnoid spaces. One month later, MR imaging con—rmed the enlargement of ven- tricles and subarachnoid spaces and showed an increased signal intensity in the periventricular white matter on T2-weighted images. We examined the patient at the age of 4 months. His weight was 4240 g, length was 58 cm and head circumference was 36 cm (all below 3rd centile). He appeared to be in quite poor condition and still needed tube feeding. Liver size and consistency were normal. Neurological exami- nation demonstrated no head control, marked hypotonia and global psychomotor retardation. Both visual —xation and following were absent. The patient presented seizures characterized by clonic movements, hypertonia and opisthotonic posturing. EEG showed a typical hypsarrhythmic pattern. Brainstem auditory evoked poten- tials were severely abnormal. Laryngoscopic examination demonstrated paralysis of the right vocal cord. 435


Parameters of the non-Debye relaxation in the 10Sc1CeSZ solid electrolyte made of various types of ZrO 2 powder stabilized with 10-mol.% Sc 2 O 3 and 1-mol.% CeO 2 were studied. The influence of powder properties and their sintering temperatures on the impedance spectra is analyzed. In regard to electrical response, the polycrystalline ceramic electrolytes may be considered as a single-phase or a two-phase material consisting of a grain bulk and a boundary. In many cases, the boundary resistance is independent practically on dopants and their distribution across the powders and sintering temperatures. The powder compositions suitable for an electrolyte and electrodes are specified.


This dissertation examines the experiences of ten Portuguese-speaking women who have immigrated to Toronto, Canada (either from Portugal, including the Azores, or from Brazil), and who, on experiencing abuse at the hands of their male partners, have subsequently sought social services. This qualitative research study is informed by both feminist and social constructivist theories, as well as by a central metaphor--'the web of relations'--which is the network of 'institutional relations' in which, I argue, the women in my study are 'embedded'. The 'threads' of this 'web' may be said to represent the social constraints these women experience in their relations with the various institutions that surround them, and with which they 'share the web'. When the constraining 'threads' of this web are loosened, however, then various 'rights' and 'opportunities' (symbolized by the 'spaces' in the web)'open up' to them, empowering them and improving their options in society. Thus the web has a dual potential: on the onehand, restrictive, on the other, enabling. The 'institutional relations' I specifically explore include those that exist between the women in my study and, respectively, immigration, welfare, the labour market, the family, the church, and, finally, the social service agencies these women access. The data were collected through interviews with the ten selected women. Additional data (concerning abused immigrant women in general, and abused Portuguese speaking immigrant women in particular), were obtained from a second group recruited both from within and outside the Portuguese-speaking community. Of this particular group, 14 are 'service providers' (whose professional experience has included working with abused immigrant women) and 8 are 'other key informants' (who work in an administrative capacity in various social service agencies in Toronto). I conclude that if society is to respond more appropriately to the needs of abused Portuguese-speaking immigrant women in particular, and abused immigrant women in general, then policy makers, community leaders, and service providers must become more aware of the vast web of relations in which the fives of such women are pushed and puffed in multiple and often erratic ways, specially given the combined impacts of a neo-agenda, government cutbacks, funding guidelines, and professional ideology (among other factors) which have affected the potential of social services to empower such women and improve their options in society.


Sleep disorders often respond to both pharmacologic agents and nonpharmacologic therapies. This chapter reviews the pharmacology of and indications for specific sleep agents. Most of the agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for insomnia, with the exception of antidepressants and ramelteon, modulate the function of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor complex. The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) has a critical role in sleep initiation and maintenance. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the VLPO. Medications used for sleep promotion include benzodiazepines, chronobiotics, sedating antidepressants, histamine blockers, and γ-hydroxybutyric acid.


Avian pox is a widespread infection in birds caused by genus Avipoxvirus pathogens. It is a noteworthy, potentially lethal disease to wild and domestic hosts. It can produce two different conditions: cutaneous pox, and diphtheritic pox. Here, we carry out an exhaustive review of all cases of avian pox reported from wild birds to analyze the effect and distribution in different avian species. Avian poxvirus strains have been detected in at least 374 wild bird species, a 60% increase on a 1999 review on avian pox hosts. We also analyze epizootic cases and if this disease contributes to wild bird population declines. We frequently observe very high prevalence in wild birds in remote island groups, e.g., Hawaii, Galapagos, etc., representing a major risk for the conservation of their unique endemic avifauna. However, the difference in prevalence between islands and continents is not significant given the few available studies. Morbidity and mortality can also be very high in captive birds, due to high population densities. However, despite the importance of the disease, the current detection rate of new Avipoxvirus strains suggests that diversity is incomplete for this group, and more research is needed to clarify its real extent, particularly in wild birds.


High-temperature values of specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of an alkali activated aluminosilicate material on slag basis are measured in the temperature range up to 1200C. The material is supposed to replace classical Portland or blended cement as traditional binder in concrete in the situation where high temperature resistance of the material is required. The irregularities observed on the measured dependences of specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity on temperature are discussed using the results of DTA and X-ray diffraction analyses. The crystallization of akermanite is identified as the most important factor affecting the properties of the studied material in hightemperature range.


JEM © The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 Vol. 205, No. 2, February 18, 2008 465-477 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/ 465 10.1084/jem.20070725 Timely coordination of cell cycle progression, DNA rearrangement and repair, and adaptation to proapoptotic stimuli are hallmark features of developing thymocytes ( 1 ). After successfully rearranging the TCR  subunit genes, doublenegative (DN) thymocytes undergo a wave of proliferation driven by ligand-independent activation signals originating from the preTCR at the DN3 stage of development. Such signals involve the down-regulation of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptotic programs as part of the selection process ( 2, 3 ). At a later stage of development, double-positive (DP) thymocytes no longer proliferate, but are instead exposed to a proapoptotic environment that is at least partially dependent on circulating steroid hormones, as well as on other factors inducing oxidative stress ( 4 ). These factors promote massive apoptosis of DP thymocytes ( " death by neglect " ) through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms, which can be rescued by TCR-driven signals, to allow positive selection and further thymocyte maturation ( 5 ). Thus, coordination of DNA rearrangement and repair with proliferative and survival signals appears to be critical for thymocyte progression through various developmental stages. The mechanisms underlying this fi nely regulated process are incompletely understood, as are the relative roles played by major pathways controlling survival. As progression from the DN to the DP stage is a swift process being completed in 24 h ( 6 ), all of these steps have to rely on an extremely rapid course of action, possibly involving posttranscriptional, as well as posttranslational, control mechanisms. The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed ( 7 ) multimolecular complex controlling the function of cullin-based ubiquitin ligase complexes ( 8, 9 ). CSN5/JAB1 is the only subunit of the complex endowed with catalytic activity ( 10 ), and it was shown by both our group ( 11 ) and another CORRESPONDENCE Ruggero Pardi: email@example.com


To improve the ride comfort of wheel drive electric vehicle, a quarter dynamic model is established for vehicle active and passive suspension. Based on the response root mean square (RMS), the evaluation index of vehicle ride comfort is derived. According to the influence of uncertain parameters on system minimum RMS, the optimal vehicle parameters are determined. To avoid experience value of uncertain weight coefficient affecting the LQG control, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted to determine the weighting coefficient of vehicle performance evaluation index. And the LQG controller of vehicle active suspension is designed based on optimal control theory. Compared with the analysis results of passive suspension, the effectiveness of active control scheme is verified.


Abstract A benefit of randomized experiments is that covariate distributions of treatment and control groups are balanced on average, resulting in simple unbiased estimators for treatment effects. However, it is possible that a particular randomization yields covariate imbalances that researchers want to address in the analysis stage through adjustment or other methods. Here we present a randomization test that conditions on covariate balance by only considering treatment assignments that are similar to the observed one in terms of covariate balance. Previous conditional randomization tests have only allowed for categorical covariates, while our randomization test allows for any type of covariate. Through extensive simulation studies, we find that our conditional randomization test is more powerful than unconditional randomization tests and other conditional tests. Furthermore, we find that our conditional randomization test is valid (1) unconditionally across levels of covariate balance, and (2) conditional on particular levels of covariate balance. Meanwhile, unconditional randomization tests are valid for (1) but not (2). Finally, we find that our conditional randomization test is similar to a randomization test that uses a model-adjusted test statistic.


Actinidia arguta belonging to Actinidiaceae,Actinidia Lindl.is perennial defoliation vine plant.It is most widely distributed in the Three Provinces in Northeast of China.All the fruit,root,and stem leaf of A.arguta can be used as medicine,with pharmacological activities of anti-tumour,radioresistance,improving immunity,and so on.The researches indicate that whole plant of A.arguta contains volatile oil,triterpenoids,flavonoid,polysaccharide,etc.In this paper,it provides a summarizing of chemical composition such as volatile oil,triterpenoids,flavonoid extracted from A.arguta for the past few years and pharmacological activities of A.arguta including anti-tumour,radioresistance,improving immunity,anti-aging,curing allergic dermatitis,anti-asthma, etc.The survey offers theoretical basis to the further exploiture and use of A.arguta.


Background: This paper set out to review immunization policy in African States using Nigerian experience with a view to identifying policy failure (if any). It attempted to highlight the shortcomings and the impact of the immunization programme/policy on African Child. The paper proffered solutions. Methods: The paper utilized both primary and secondary sources of data but heavily depended on secondary source. The study used descriptive and inferential statistical methods to analyse the information gathered. Results: The findings of the study revealed that, although immunization policy has achieved tremendous impact on African child by reducing to some extent, the killer diseases attacking African child, yet the immunization coverage is relatively low (Tables I-IV), when compared with the European nations. Conclusion: It concluded that implementation of immunization policy is weak and underfunded. It therefore recommended that public enlightenment and awareness of the policy be stepped up adding that African governments should back up the policy with adequate funding and effective political will if only for the sake of innocent African child. KEY WORDS: Policy, Programme, Immunisation, Mortality, Diseases, Coverage and impact.


 Abstract—Many studies have shown that the steamed root of Polygala tenuifolia (PTW) is effective for improving memory. The purpose of this study is to examine whether PTW extracts improved memory defects caused by β-amyloid (AMY) in the rats. The effects of PTW on the acetylcholinergic system in the hippocampus were also investigated. Male rats were administered daily of PTW. We conducted the Morris water maze (MWM) test as behavioral assessments. Changes in cholinergic system reactivity were also examined by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampus. Daily administration of PTW reduced the escape latency for finding the platform in the MWM. The administration of PTW significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases. The results demonstrated that PTW had a significants neuroprotective effect caused by β-amyloid in rats. These results suggest that PTW may be useful for improving cognitive functioning by stimulating cholinergic enzyme activities and alleviating inflammatory responses. Index Terms—β-amyloid, memory, Polygala tenuifolia, memory.


............................................................................................................................................ Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 3 The Law .............................................................................................................................. 3 Teachers ............................................................................................................................ 3 Types of Incluison .............................................................................................................. 4 Inclusion with other Professionals .................................................................................... 5 The Families Role ............................................................................................................... 7 Benefits to Inclusion ........................................................................................................... 8 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 11 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Case 1: Andrew ................................................................................................................. 13 Case 2: Ryan ..................................................................................................................... 14 Case 3: Josh ....................................................................................................................... 15 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 17 Discussion...................................................................................................................................... 19 Limitations and Future Research .................................................................................................. 24 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 25 References ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Appendix A .................................................................................................................................... 29 Appendix B .................................................................................................................................... 30 INCLUISON LEARNING WITHOUT BARRIERS Abstract This study analyzes the literature that has been written about inclusive education and the effect on students in the classroom and compares the information in the literature to three interviews with mothers who have had experiences with inclusive classrooms. Inclusive education is defined as the concept that students with disabilities, regardless of the nature and extent of their disability, should be educated with age-appropriate peers in regular classrooms (with needed supplementary aids and services) in the neighborhood school (Gartner, 2002). The main focus in this study is to examine how the parents view the learning of their child and how the parents view each type of specific learning environments. The study also focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the different learning environments the families have experienced. The significance of the study is to help inform families about the advantages and disadvantages of inclusive education from other parent's perspectives. The study was also made to help schools realize the difference inclusive classrooms can make for their students. Overall, the research found that inclusive settings were the most beneficial to students if the right supports were provided, but due to perceived budget cuts, many schools were not able to provide the support students might need.This study analyzes the literature that has been written about inclusive education and the effect on students in the classroom and compares the information in the literature to three interviews with mothers who have had experiences with inclusive classrooms. Inclusive education is defined as the concept that students with disabilities, regardless of the nature and extent of their disability, should be educated with age-appropriate peers in regular classrooms (with needed supplementary aids and services) in the neighborhood school (Gartner, 2002). The main focus in this study is to examine how the parents view the learning of their child and how the parents view each type of specific learning environments. The study also focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the different learning environments the families have experienced. The significance of the study is to help inform families about the advantages and disadvantages of inclusive education from other parent's perspectives. The study was also made to help schools realize the difference inclusive classrooms can make for their students. Overall, the research found that inclusive settings were the most beneficial to students if the right supports were provided, but due to perceived budget cuts, many schools were not able to provide the support students might need. INCLUISON LEARNING WITHOUT BARRIERS


Japanese encephalitis is a zoonotic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus, attacking domestic animals, mainly pigs and birds. It is transmitted to humans by mosquito bites, namely Culex tritaeniorhyncus.


We propose a novel deep learning framework for the computation of a sparse representation of a signal with the aid of a correlated signal, the so-called side information. The integration of side information into sparse recovery has been addressed by the signal processing community via the formulation of appropriate `1−`1 and `1−`2 minimization problems. Under certain conditions concerning the similarity of the correlated signals, the use of side information can improve the approximation accuracy substantially. In this paper, we combine deep learning and existing knowledge from the solution of the `1−`1 minimization problem to design a fast sparse approximation operator that accounts for the high complexity of the related iterative algorithms. Specifically, we rely on the idea that a learned neural network model might act as a surrogate for an iterative algorithm, and present a trainable version of a proximal algorithm used for `1−`1 minimization. The proposed model takes as input the signal of interest and a side information signal, and predicts the unknown sparse representation. Experimental results show that our multimodal framework leads to more accurate estimations compared to existing single-modal designs.


Introduction In the Middle East, animals suffer from under feeding and malnutrition in winter due to the shortage of locally produced feeds which are not sufficient to cover the nutritional requirements of the animals (Besharati and Taghizadeh, 2009). The annual amount of agricultural by-products produced in Iran is large. The production of grape exceeds 2.87 million tonnes/year, with a high proportion of the yield being used for production of dried grape products. In this process, large amounts of raisin waste are produced. Raisin waste contains of pieces of raisin plus grape cluster stems. There is little information available on the nutritive value of raisin waste. However, inclusion of grape by-product in the diet reduced digestibilities of the diet (Baumgartel et al., 2007). Yinrong Lu and Yeap Foo (1999) reported that grape pomace tannins have adverse effects on nutrient utilisation, and are toxic at high intake levels (Reed, 1995) due to their ability to bind proteins, minerals and carbohydrates (McSweeney et al., 2001). Tannins are the most widely occurring antinutritional factor in non-conventional feeds. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have a high affinity for tannins. Addition of PEG results in the formation of PEG-tannin complexes which inactivates tannins. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PEG and PVP on in vitro gas production kinetics of raisin waste.


The invention discloses a method and device for the topology discovery and the fault processing of a distributed link aggregation group. The method comprises the following steps: a node in a distributed system at one end of the distributed link aggregation group sends node connection information which comprises information of the node and/or information of the other nodes connected with the node to the other nodes in the distributed system; and the node in the distributed system receives node connection information sent out by the other nodes in the distributed system. According to the invention, through the interaction of the node connection information of the distributed system, an aggregation link required to be separated can be determined automatically according to the variation of the connection information, and is judged and processed correspondingly by the opposite end, so that the problem that a plurality of nodes originally aggregating into a logic node and splitting cannot reaggregate due to a fault can be solved.


Despite increasing efforts in recent years, new methods for the enantioselective formation of chiral compounds by photochemical methods remain rare. The high energy content of an excited photosubstrate results in low activation barriers for further transformations and in rapid relaxation pathways. It is therefore intrinsically difficult to activate a photoexcited compound by a catalyst. Attempts to attain significant enantioselectivities by the use of circularly polarized light have seen little success. Currently, the most frequently used method to achieve catalytic enantioselective photochemical reactions in solution relies on chiral sensitizers, which work by electron or energy transfer. 3] Herein we present an as yet unexplored concept for enantioselective photochemical reactions, which is based on the use of chiral Lewis acids. After some optimization we have now found a chiral cationic oxazaborolidine catalyst, which enables enantioselective intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions of 4-alkenyl-substituted coumarins. Our preliminary results are disclosed herein. In 1989, Lewis and Barancyk reported that the [2+2] photocycloaddition of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene to coumarin (1), which is inefficient in the absence of an additive, was promoted by BF3·OEt2. [6] By employing 50 mol% of the Lewis acid, product 2 was obtained in 57% yield upon irradiation in a Pyrex apparatus with a mercury mediumpressure lamp for five hours. Similar reactions were conducted with other alkenes and—based on photochemical and photophysical data—the enhanced reactivity of complexed over uncomplexed coumarin was attributed to its increased singlet-state lifetime and electrophilicity. The observation of catalytic Lewis acid activity in the [2+2] photocycloaddition stimulated the idea to use chiral Lewis acids to achieve an enantioselective process. In search for an optimum Lewis acid catalyst, the irradiation of coumarin in the presence of 2,3dimethyl-2-butene was performed in CH2Cl2 with different Lewis acids at l = 366 nm (Scheme 1). Without a Lewis acid no reaction was observed after five hours, while 50 mol % of BF3·OEt2 gave under these conditions a yield of 33 %. The most active catalyst among the tested Lewis acids was found to be AlBr3, which promoted an almost complete conversion and a high yield (97%) of the isolated product 2. Considering the possibility of an enantioselective Lewis acid promoted photochemical reaction it was assumed that Lewis acid coordination was weak and that the association/ dissociation of the coumarin substrate was relatively fast. An intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition consequently seemed best suited to achieve high enantioselectivity because the enantioselectivity-determining bond-formation step is more rapid than in an intermolecular reaction. 4-(Pent-4enyl)coumarin (5) was chosen as a test substrate and was readily prepared from commercially available 4-hydroxycoumarin (3). Conversion into triflate 4 was followed by a Negishi cross-coupling to give the desired product 5. In the absence of a Lewis acid, coumarin 5 gave, under standard photochemical irradiation conditions (Scheme 2, Table 1), a 28% yield of racemic product 6 and ent-6 after five hours of irradiation. Scheme 1. AlBr3 as an ideal catalyst for the intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene to coumarin (1).


Tenure track system (TTS) was introduced in higher education institutions of Pakistan in 2002 as part of administrative reforms. The main objectives of the reform were to improve performance of higher education in the country through attracting qualified people and improving performance of academic faculty of higher education institutions particularly the public sector universities of Pakistan. The paper discusses implementation of TTS to find factors that facilitate or impede its implementation in higher education institutions of Pakistan.  Triggered by a report entitled, 'higher education in developing countries – peril and promise' published by the World Bank and UNESCO in 2000, the government of Pakistan initiated a process of reform in the higher education sector. The report developed as part of the process recommended for making certain revisions in the higher education including the recruitment and selection, compensation and performance management systems in order to make them more efficient and better performance oriented. TTS introduced by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) in the following years draws heavily from the findings of the report.  Based on the findings of an empirical study conducted on the subject the paper assesses TTSas an administrative reform and identifies its prospects and challenges to the higher education institutions in Pakistan. Using the Government College University (GCU) as a case in point the paper provides useful suggestions towards smooth implementation of TTS in view of improving performance of higher education and the institutions/universities involved. It also discusses policy implications and offers guidelines towards strengthening the system by removing the weaknesses at an early stage of implementation.

 Key words: Higher Education Reforms, Tenure Track System, Implementation Assessment, Change Management.


Let G be a finite cyclic group of order n. The Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv theorem states that each sequence of length 2n - 1 over G has a zero-sum subsequence of length n. A sequence without a zero-sum subsequence of length n is called n-zero-sum free. Savchev and Chen characterized all the n-zero-sum free sequences of length n + k - 1 over G, where . In the present paper, we determine all the n-zero-sum free sequences of length over G.


Launch vehicle "ridesharing" has redefined access to and use of outer space. Today, rockets carry satellites from dozens of countries on shared journeys towards the stars. To ensure that these diverse payloads pose no threat to the overall space mission, safety controls have emerged to protect against mechanical and electrical failure. While these protections were designed to mitigate the risk of probabilistic physical effects, they also have implications for cyber attackers seeking to abuse the trusted status of secondary payloads to harm launch missions. This paper considers such dynamics through a multidisciplinary lens. It begins by drawing on the perspective of security studies and international relations to characterize what motivates an attacker to target satellite launches. This is combined with a technical analysis which leverages model-based engineering techniques to assess the threat of electronic warfare (EW) and radio frequency interference (RFI) attacks against missile range safety technologies on modern launch vehicles. Through dynamic physical simulation, we demonstrate that even inexpensive nanosatellite platforms have the potential to threaten shared launch vehicles in the hands of motivated cyber adversaries. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of these findings for both policymakers and technical researchers interested in cyber-physical threats in orbit.


Opacification of the left heart and portions of the systemic arterial circulation by a unilateral injection of contrast medium through an antecubital vein needle was first reported by Robb and Steinberg in 1938 (1) and 1939 (2). In 1947, Weens and Florence (3) and in 1951 Wall and Rose (4) noted opacification of the abdominal aorta while performing intravenous nephrography, and in 1954 Evans, Dubilier, and Monteith (5) observed the same phenomenon during the course of nephrotomography. Bernstein, Greenspan, and Loken in 1958 (6) and 1959 (7) described the technic of intravenous aortography by the injection of contrast medium through a unilateral polyethylene catheter advanced to the axillary region from an antecubital or brachial vein cutdown. In 1959 Steinberg, Finby, and Evans (8) utilized the technic of simultaneous bilateral injections of contrast media through antecubital vein needles to opacify the systemic arterial circulation. In 1961 Zerbi-Ortiz and Weldon (9) reported the advantages of intraveno...


The electricity market has provided a complex economic environment, and consequently has increased the requirement for advancement of learning methods. In the agent-based modeling and simulation framework of this economic system, the generation company's decision-making is modeled using reinforcement learning. Existing learning methods that model the generation company's strategic bidding behavior are not adapted to the non-stationary and non-Markovian environment involving multidimensional and continuous state and action spaces. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning method to overcome these limitations. The proposed method discovers the input space structure through the self-organizing map, exploits learned experience through Roth-Erev reinforcement learning and explores through the actor critic map. Simulation results from experiments show that the proposed method outperforms Simulated Annealing Q-Learning and Variant Roth-Erev reinforcement learning. The proposed method is a step towards more realistic agent learning in Agent-based Computational Economics.


In Romania the significance of the administrative traditions and of the political management and the slow pace of the reforms from the public sector affected the development potential of some strong institutions. In consequence, 30 years from the fall of the communist system we can explain the weak management of the external aid referring to the socio-political circumstances and the weak institutions offering a significant handicap for Romania in this sense. Despite these, the strong variation among the countries in Central and Eastern Europe is still a problem to be identified referred to the global absorption of the funds from the point of view of the causes. Studying the way in which the administrative capacity can interact with the internal governance and the institutional and regional arrangements became an important field of study in order to understand the performance problems. Assessing the flow of ideas about the institutional and administrative effort for a new region, we pointed out the fact that this is useless if it not accompanied by a decentralization.
Therefore, the regions should not get the attributions of the centre, so that the main purpose of a new organization on regions to be decentralization and not only mapping new entities comprising a vaster territory than the one of the counties. The hypothesis we start from in our research is that the political and the administrative spheres impacts the various stages of the absorption process. Understanding the way in which the specific aspects of absorbing the EU funds might interact with the internal political factors helps us understand the way in which this influences the administrative capacity.


Data in many real world applications are high-dimensional and learning algorithms like neural networks may have problems in handling high-dimensional data. However, the 'intrinsic dimension (ID)' is often much less than the original dimension of the data. Here, we use fractal based methods to estimate the ID and show that a nonlinear projection method called curvilinear component analysis (CCA) can effectively reduce the original dimension to the ID. We apply this approach for dimensionality reduction of the face images data and use neural network classifiers for gender classification.


Since World War ii, the United States and its allies have overseen a global order built on trade liberalization and the development of a Western model of global integration. That order now appears to be winding down. Beyond the era of "Western hegemony", Asia is returning to the patterns of commerce and cultural exchange that thrived long before European colonialism and American predominance (Khanna, 2019). Underwriting Asia's resurgence is the return of China. This paper charts China's rise and Chinese globalization focusing on China as a global technology leader, detailing ai and Chinese human capital development, before turning to China's global higher education to provide an interpretation of Chinese Globalization.


In the fifth generation (5G) and beyond, the satellite communication system is expected to support Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). However, the residual frequency offset in a channel may be large because of the large velocity of the satellites. In a legacy narrowband internet of things system, the users are assumed to have low velocity, and the random access preamble consists of single-subcarrier orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing symbols. With a large frequency offset, the power of the preamble leaks into adjacent subcarriers, which will cause severe performance degradation. In this paper, the influence of the leaked power is theoretically investigated, based on which a novel random access receiver is proposed to alleviate the performance degradation. The adjacent subcarriers are actually coherently combined to take advantages of the leaked power. The weights in combination are designed to suppress the interference of other users when the frequency offset is large. Numerical results show that the proposed receiver has good performance in preamble detection.


Objective To discuss the effect of decoction of benefit kidney and activate blood on early diabetic nephropathy.Methods 114 patients with early diabetic nephropathy who are treated in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2010 were randomly divided into two groups,the control group 57 cases and the observation group 57 cases.The control group received conventional treatment,observation group were used decoctio n of benefit kidney and activate blood which was based on the control group.The two groups were compared in clinical efficacy,urinary protein and blood sugar changes.Results The total effective in the observation group was 91.2% that was significantly higher than 73.7% in the control group(P 0.05);and the observation group,urine protein,blood sugar improvement effect was better than the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion The treatment of decoction of benefit kidney and activate blood can significantly alleviate the symptoms,lower blood glucose and urine protein.


Despite numerous proposals for its creation, the semantic webhas yet to achieve widespread adoption. Recently, some researchers have argued that participation in the semantic web is too difficult for "ordinary" people, limiting its growth and popularity. In response, this paper introduces M ANGROVE, a system whose goal is to evolve a portion of the semantic web from the enormous volume of factsalready available in HTML documents. MANGROVE seeks to emulate three key conditions that contributed to the explosive growth of the web: ease of authoring, instant gratification for authors, and robustness of services to malformed and malicious information. In the HTML world, a newly authored page is immediately accessible through a browser; we mimic this feature in MANGROVE by making semantic content instantly available to services that consume the content and yield immediate, tangible benefit to authors. We have designed and implemented a M ANGROVE prototype, built several semantic services for the system, and deployed those services in our department. This paper describes M ANGROVE's goals, presents the system architecture, and reports on our implementation and deployment experience. Overall, M ANGROVEdemonstrates a concrete path for enabling and enticing nontechnical people to enter the semantic web.


We present a design of the injector part for the Superation type vuv light source and is aimed to operate with top-up operation scheme [1]. In order to realize top-up operation, this injector consists of a pre-injector and a synchrotron. The pre-injector is a 200MeV linac and injects the electron beam into the synchrotron. In the synchrotron, the electron beam is accelerated from 200MeV up to 1.8GeV and its emittance and energy spread are reduced. In order to realize this low emittance beam, modified FODO lattice is applied. The details are presented in this section.


The corrosion resistance of a series of zirconium-substituted gadolinium pyrochlore, Gd 2 (Ti 1-x Zr x ) 2 O 7 , where x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00, were evaluated using single-pass flow-through (SPFT) apparatus at 90°C and pH = 2. The zirconate end-member, Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 , has a defect fluorite structure, which distinguishes it from the face-centered cubic structure of the true pyrochlore specimens. In addition to the chemical variation, the samples include annealed, un-annealed, and ion-bombarded monoliths. In the case of the titanate end-member, Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 , the annealed specimen exhibited the least reactivity, followed by the un-annealed and ion-bombarded samples (2.39×10 -3 , 1.57×10 -2 , and 1.12×10 -1 g m -2 d -1 , respectively). With increasing zirconium content, the samples displayed less sensitivity to processing or surface modification with the zirconate end-member exhibiting no difference in reactivity between annealed, un-annealed, and ion-bombarded specimens (rate = 4.0×10 -3 g m -2 d -1 ). In all cases, the dissolution rate decreased with increasing zirconium content to the Gd 2 (Ti 0.25 Zr 0.75 ) 2 O 7 composition (1.33x10 -4 g m -2 d -1 ), but the zirconate end-member yielded rates nearly equal to that of the titanate end-member. These results demonstrate that to achieve the greatest radiation and corrosion resistance in this series, the Gd 2 (Ti 0.25 Zr 0.75 ) 2 O 7 composition should be considered.


All organizations use performance appraisal for several purposes in a systematic way using multifarious techniques and tools to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of their employees in relation to certain pre-established criteria and organizational goal as objectively as possible to ultimately know whether the organization is moving towards its predetermined goals. .. Performance Appraisal ensures the best utilization of employee talent because it helps the organization to reward the employees having better abilities and rectify the wrong placement which in turns improves the human resource quality responsible for overall growth of the organization. The inability of organization to adopt a sound system of performance appraisal will be a hindrance to put an optimum use of the human resource in this era of globalization to attain the competitive advantage over others. The matter of fact is that Management assesses the performance of employees to maintain organizational control and disburse rewards and punishments to keep them on the track of organizational growth


The purpose  of this study was to examine  the validity, particularly the construct  validity and reliability of Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; van der Zee, van Oudenhoven, Ponterotto, Fietzer, 2013) and further  determined the significant difference when tested across the personal characteristics of nursing students. The original MPQ scale consists of five factors: cultural empathy, flexibility, social initiative, open- mindedness, flexibility and emotional stability. The MPQ was administered to a total of 122 nursing students (national (59.8%), Filipino-American (7.21%), and international (32.99%) nursing students. The study showed that four factors were generated  using confirmatory factor analysis. The 78-item MPQ was reduced to 21 items. The four factors included cultural empathy, social initiative, open-mindedness, and emotional stability. Flexibility was one of the factors in the original version of the five-factor scale of MPQ but not evident it in this study. The analysis of the data resulted in a reasonably good fit and a satisfactory Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient for each factor. The overall Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient (α) of the scale is .713;  .861,
.806, .717, and .663 for cultural empathy, social initiative, open-mindedness,  and emotional stability with a percent of variance accounted for of 25.12%,  11.91%, 11.79%, and 8.26%, respectively. Significant differences were found in some factors of MPQ considering the personal characteristics of nursing students. The results indicated that the MPQ could serve as a valuable tool to measure the multicultural personality of nursing students from the Philippines.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pain and fatigue on daily life activities of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

METHODS
The study sample included 74 SLE patients who presented to outpatient departments of a university hospital and two local hospitals between 30.9.2009 and 15.5.2010. Data was collected using the Fatigue Severity Scale, Katz's Activity's Daily Living Index, Lawton and Brody's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

RESULTS
The mean scores were 6.0 (fatigue) on the Fatigue Severity Scale, 18.0 (independent) on the Daily Life Activities Index, 24.0 (independent) on the Instrumental Daily Life Activities Index, and 1.56 (discomforting) on the McGill Pain Scale for pain felt at the moment of questioning. A low-level negative relationship was observed between the scores on the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Daily Life Activities Index (p<0.05, r=-0.298), and between Fatigue and Instrumental Daily Life Activities scores (p<0.05, r=-0.354). A medium-level positive relationship was observed between the scores on the Fatigue Severity Scale and the McGill Pain Scale (p<0.05, r=0.478).

CONCLUSION
This study determined that pain and fatigue affected the daily lives of SLE patients. The study should be repeated on a larger sample.


Two new processes of synthesizing phenyl benzoate were studied,the first method was used by benzoic acid and phenol on the condition of trichlorophosphine,yield of product 90%,The yield of the second method was 85% on the condition of catalyzing by polyphosphoric acid,by contrasting with two methods,It was not only high quality but also high yield on the condition of benzoic acid;but it was not only few pollution but also high yield and simpleness on the condition of catalyzing by polyphosphoric acid.


As defined in an earlier introductory section, isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula. When the group of atoms that make up the molecules of different isomers are bonded together in fundamentally different ways, we refer to such compounds as constitutional isomers. For example, in the case of the C4H8 hydrocarbons, most of the isomers are constitutional. Shorthand structures for four of these isomers are shown below with their IUPAC names.


On some issues, particularly Iran, the fallout has been negligible, yet there is still reason for concern. The gravest dangers are the devaluing of security assurances and cracks in the credibility of extended deterrence.


ABSTRACT Given persistent evidence of discrimination toward students of color in K-12 schools, group dialogue about multiculturalism can help individuals understand and advocate for equity and inclusion. In this article, we introduce a new model for a multicultural dialogue intervention: Diversity Dinner Dialogues (DDDs). DDDs are a small group intervention that school counselors can implement to engage students and faculty/staff in dialogues about diversity. We also provide findings from a qualitative case study exploring the experiences of school counselors leading group work in DDDs. Five themes emerged suggesting that DDDs are valuable interventions and school counselors are well-positioned to lead them.


Radiated power of a baffled piston was investigated by numerical simulation and also by measurements in an anechoic chamber with the use of the finite‐difference intensity. Several parameters involved in the acoustic power evaluation were investigated. These include: the type of the scanning surface (hemisphere and half‐cube), the location of the scanning surface, source directivity (ka = 1 and ka = 10), microphone spacing, and the number and density of the measurement points. As an independent experimental check, a pressure‐based, farfield method was used to evaluate the source power. The source power estimated from the finite‐difference intensity was within 1‐dB agreement with the results from the farfield pressure based method. As a result of this study the effects of each parameter on the accuracy can be estimated, and consequently the choice of these parameters can be made. [Work supported by NSF.]


The possibility to use an A.C.-D.C. distributed conversion system aimed at supplying power to underground railway lines is considered: after a description of its structure and of the methodology adopted for the study. the attention is devoted to the harmonic analysis of the waveforms of some electrical quantities inside the converter system.


Prosthetic heart valves of the Bjork-Shiley Convexo-Con cave (BSCC) type have long been used extensively in implants; however, there have been reports of cases whe re one component of the valves failed, leading to the demi se of the patient. This paper presents a new method for nonin vasive electromagnetic evaluation for this type of valv e, using an eddy current transducer with orthogonal coils. In v itro experiments have shown that discontinuities of outlet strut with depths equal or larger than 0.4mm can be detected with a probability of detection (POD) of 86.4%, and in the case of discontinuities with depth equal or larger than 0.6mm with POD of 97%.


Background Systemic enzyme therapy may improve symptoms of exhaustive eccentric exercise due to anti-inflammatory properties. Methods In a randomised, placebo-controlled, two-stage clinical trial, systemic enzyme therapy (Wobenzym) was administered for 72 hours before and 72 hours following a day on which subjects performed an exhaustive eccentric exercise (isokinetic loading of the quadriceps). Efficacy criteria (maximal strength and pain) and time points were selected to account for the multidimensional nature of exercise-induced muscle damage symptoms. Subjects were randomised in a crossover (stage I, n=28) and parallel group design (stage II, n=44). Results Analysis of stage I data demonstrated a significant superiority (Mann-Whitney=0.6153; p=0.0332; one sided) for systemic enzyme therapy compared with placebo. Stage II was designed as a randomised controlled parallel group comparison. Heterogeneity (I2>0.5) between stages led to separate analyses of stage I (endurance-trained subjects) and stage II (strength-trained subjects). Combined analysis resulted in no evidence for corresponding treatment effects. Analysis of pooled biomarker data, however, demonstrated significant favourable effects for systemic enzyme therapy in both stages. Conclusion Systemic enzyme therapy before and after exhaustive eccentric exercise resulted in higher maximal concentric strength in the less strength-trained subjects (stage I) and in significant favourable effects on biomarkers (inflammatory, metabolic and immune) in all subjects. The application of these findings needs further evaluation.


The central effort of the study has been the development of a mathematical model that tries to explain the commuter's choice of travel mode in terms of various attributes of the employee, the transportation systems, and the workplace. The study has examined this issue and has led to the development of an additional sub-model to estimate to what degree employees are likely to be aware of certain influential factors. The report is a description of the development of the mode choice and awareness models. In this content, a model is a set of mathematical relationships that estimates a dependent variable (mode choice or awareness) in terms of various independent variables (travel cost, TDM incentives, etc.). The model consists of nothing more than equations that can be applied with a hand-held calculator, although that would prove rather tedious.


There are many drawbacks in the categorical proposition theory to the traditional formal logic.Some current form logical readers have made some improvement,but still it has not fundamentally solved the problem,and increased the new troubles.As one of the important characterist ics of contemporary logic,the theory of intension and extension proposition make a major contribution to solving the problems in categorical proposition.It may have significant implications for the development and perfection of the traditional formal logic.


The probability of a plastic collapse failure for a structure of random material strength acted on by random loads can be evaluated considering that failure may occur by any one of the possible failure mechanisms for the structure. A single-bay single-story structure acted on by wind and snow loads is considered. Probability distributions are selected for the loads and for the yield strength of the structural material. The probability of failure for the frame can be closely approximated by using the sum of the probabilities of failure for the individual mechanisms for those frames in which a single failure mechanism has considerably higher P\DF\N than P\DF\N for the other possible failure mechanisms. For the case in which two or more individual failure mechanisms have near equally high probabilities of failure, the P\DF\N for the frame can be closely approximated by the sum of the P\DF\N for individual mechanisms minus the probabilities of the intersection of those events that have individually high probabilities of occurring.


A model consisting of a linked series of equations is presented for
estimating the future effect of various intensities of forest management
on the economy of a region. The model, in conjunction with the most recent
inventory of the USDA Forest Service, is then applied to data from Douglas
County, Oregon. Results indicate that intensive forest management will
have little economic impact on Douglas County over the next five decades.


Background and Objectives Injured pericytes in the neurovascular unit release platelet-derived growth factor β (PDGFRβ) into the CSF. However, it is not clear how pericyte injury contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD)–related changes and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. We aimed to test whether CSF PDGFRβ was associated with different AD-associated and age-associated pathologic changes leading to dementia. Methods PDGFRβ was measured in the CSF of 771 participants with cognitively unimpaired (CU, n = 408), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 175), and dementia (n = 188) from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort. We then checked association with β-amyloid (Aβ)-PET and tau-PET standardized uptake value ratio, APOE ε4 genotype and MRI measurements of cortical thickness, white matter lesions (WMLs), and cerebral blood flow. We also analyzed the role of CSF PDGFRβ in the relationship between aging, BBB dysfunction (measured by CSF/plasma albumin ratio, QAlb), and neuroinflammation (i.e., CSF levels of YKL-40 and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], preferentially expressed in reactive astrocytes). Results The cohort had a mean age of 67 years (CU = 62.8, MCI = 69.9, dementia = 70.4), and 50.1% were male (CU = 46.6%, MCI = 53.7%, dementia = 54.3%). Higher CSF PDGFRβ concentrations were related to higher age (b = 19.1, β = 0.5, 95% CI 16–22.2, p < 0.001), increased CSF neuroinflammatory markers of glial activation YKL-40 (b = 3.4, β = 0.5, 95% CI 2.8–3.9, p < 0.001), GFAP (b = 27.4, β = 0.4, 95% CI 20.9–33.9, p < 0.001), and worse BBB integrity measured by QAlb (b = 37.4, β = 0.2, 95% CI 24.9–49.9, p < 0.001). Age was also associated with worse BBB integrity, and this was partly mediated by PDGFRβ and neuroinflammatory markers (16%–33% of total effect). However, PDGFRβ showed no associations with APOE ε4 genotype, PET imaging of Aβ and tau pathology, or MRI measures of brain atrophy and WMLs (p > 0.05). Discussion In summary, pericyte damage, reflected by CSF PDGFRβ, may be involved in age-related BBB disruption together with neuroinflammation, but is not related to Alzheimer-related pathologic changes.


This paper investigates the effect of asymmetric price regulation on RD investment in a duopoly market.Setting a non-regulatory(or symmetric regulation) benchmark,I analyze the equilibrium and give a comparison between RD investment level under different regulatory environments.The results show that,asymmetric regulation does affect RD investment,and the direction is dependent of the approved discount rate of price(marked Delta) stipulated by the government.Firstly,when in the condition a higher enough Delta,both incumbent firm and new entrant will increase their RD investment.Secondly,in the condition of a lower Delta,while incumbent firm decrease RD investment,new entrants enhances his RD investment as well.


This paper presents the main extensions of ASTOS incorporated into release 8.1. First it gives an overview on ASTOS and its workflow, then it presents the new capabilities. Four new major developments have been made for the release 8.1 of ASTOS focusing on new markets and increased usability:  An integrated set of mission performance analysis features that cover almost all aspects required to fill a mission analysis report according to DOPS-GS-RM1002-OPS-OSA.  Models and techniques for system concept analysis considering the power system, thermal control system as well as data management and communication systems  A built-in tool to import CAD models, to easily texturize them and to use them for the built-in animation tool  New wizards that ease the set-up of an ASTOS scenario and that help migrating a scenario from one to another application. The paper details on each of the above mentioned new functionalities, showing user input and results taken from typical example scenarios. 1. ASTOS OVERVIEW AND WORKFLOW With ASTOS it is possible to set up arbitrary space scenarios with multiple vehicles (also constellations), ground stations, areas of interest and points of interest. Each vehicle or station may consist of several elements like sensors, actuators (like thrusters, torquers or wheels), tanks, structural components, batteries, solar generators, radiators, etc. A set of customizable models with various complexity and realism is available for each of the abovementioned categories (model database). The same for environmental models like atmosphere, gravity field, magnetic field, hydrosphere, ephemerides and celestial body spin models. Ones configured, all these models can be reused throughout the scenario (template approach). Via a graphical "Vehicle Builder" a spacecraft or rocket can be built from the defined and configured elements, whereas the element's aspects like positioning, their role or contribution in the power, thermal control or data management system or their graphical representation (e.g. for animations) can be configured. Via the dynamics configuration, initial states and the translational and rotational motion of each vehicle can be defined (e.g. equations of motion, attitude control laws; 3-dof or 6-dof propagation), whereas motion rules can be changed throughout the simulation time (multi-phase concept). Figure 1: ASTOS scenario overview The further work flow of ASTOS depends on the application: It might consist just of a simulation and results inspection (by means of the built-in plotting and animation tools or using one of the available export filters), but it can be more complex e.g. if the optimization or batch processing feature of ASTOS is used (see Figure 2). Figure 2: ASTOS workflow Several hundred output functions are provided already in a standard ASTOS simulation output file. However, further information can be exploited from the simulation result in post-processing step by means of a variety of available analyses. Such analyses are described below. 2. MISSION PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS The ASTOS software tries to cover all mission performance aspects that can be assessed by means of analysis software. With ASTOS 8.1 these mission performance aspects can be analyzed with ASTOS:  eclipses  fuel budget and operational life-time  end-of-life disposal  ground station coverage  electrical power budget  data management and storage  orbit evolution Since coverage analysis and orbit evolution are covered already by previous releases of ASTOS 8, they are not addressed by this paper. Electrical power budget as well as data management and storage are aspects that are explained in chapter 3. 2.1. Lifetime Prediction The lifetime prediction analysis of ASTOS calculates the fuel consumption due to various maneuvers:  insertion correction


A broadly applicable formulation for investigating design propagations in mechanisms is developed and illustrated. Analytical criteria in terms of the variations of joint position vectors and orientation matrices for planar and spatial mechanisms are presented. Mechanisms are represented using graph theory and closed loops are converted to a tree-like structure by cutting joints and introducing new constraints. The Jacobian matrix in Cartesian space is then transformed to Joint coordinates space. Two cases are considered: a pair of bodies remain connected by one joint after cutting additional joints and a pair of bodies are disconnected after cutting joints. Using this method, a designer has the ability to study the propagated effect of changing a design variable on the design. The presented formulation is validated through a numerical example of a McPherson strut suspension system. The system is analyzed and an assembled configuration is computed after a change in design.


The invention provides a weight exchange method for a force standard machine. The weight exchange method includes the steps that 1) the load at the same level of the force standard machine is determined; 2) whether a weight needs to be exchanged or not is judged; 3) when the weight needs to be exchanged, a weight to be loaded and a weight to be unloaded are determined; 4) whether the load of the force standard machine increases gradually or not is judged; 5) when the load of the force standard machine increases gradually, unloading of the weight to be unloaded is completed in the loading process of the weight to be loaded, in addition, Vx>Vy, when the load of the force standard machine decreases gradually, loading of the weight to be loaded is completed in the unloading process of the weight to be unloaded, and moreover Vy>Vx. According to the weight exchange method for the force standard machine, the hanging load is controlled by the way of controlling the weight to hanging acting force, the load acted on a detected dynamometer is controlled, the reverse load phenomenon occurring in the weight exchange process is avoided, the influence of weight exchange on the indicating value of the detected dynamometer is removed, and meanwhile the working efficiency of the force standard machine is improved. The invention further provides a weight exchange device for the force standard machine.


The following article by Earl P. Stevenson, president of Arthur D. Little, Inc., will be of interest to many of our members. It is a paper which was delivered by Mr. Stevenson at a Forum on the Future of Industrial Research sponsored by the Standard Oil De velopment Company in connection with the recent National Chemi cal Exposition held in Chicago. A complete reporting of the papers delivered at this forum appeared in Chemical and Engineer ing News, October 25, 1944.


A new generation of information technology is driving the growth of digital economy across the world. In recent years, China has attached great importance to the development of digital economy and digital technology. With the support of a series of policies, the digital industry has been able to develop at an astounding rate, and at the same time the integration of other industries with digital technology has been strengthened. The profound changes in production factors, production methods, and production approaches have promoted high-quality regional economic development. Literature statistics have shown an increasing trend in digital economy research in recent years. In this paper, literature on digital economy development, digital economy and high-quality economic development, the current situation of economic development in ethnic regions, and digital economy and economic development in ethnic regions is recapitulated in an attempt to learn from existing studies.


Increased risk of bleeding is observed in patients receiving therapy with a variety of anticoagulant drugs, and there is an unmet need for prohemostatic agents that reduce bleeding risk. In some clinical trials, wild type (wt) APC therapy was associated with an increased risk of serious bleeding. In most animal models of inflammatory injury and disease where APC was beneficial, APC's cytoprotective effects were responsible for the protective effects of APC therapy whereas its anticoagulant effects were neither required nor contributing. Thus, wt APC's anticoagulant activities and associated risk of bleeding may be a limiting factor for potential novel wt APC therapies. The availability of a wt APC-anticoagulant specific antidote or reversal agent that does not affect wt APC's cytoprotective activities would be highly desirable. We hypothesized that superFVa, an engineered FVa-variant that potently normalizes hemostasis in hemophilia, fits the criteria for a prohemostatic biologic that could reduce wt APC-anticoagulant-induced bleeding, and here we test this hypothesis. SuperFVa has enhanced specific activity compared to wt FVa due to an engineered disulfide bond (Cys609-Cys1691) between the A2 and A3 domains (FV(A2-SS-A3)) and, its biological activity is augmented by mutations of the APC cleavage sites (Arg506/306/679Gln). As a result of these modifications, superFVa was found to be resistant to wt APC and normalized hemostatic properties and prevented bleeding in a hemophilic mouse model much more efficiently than wt FVa. In aPTT clotting assays both superFVa and wt FVa dose-dependently normalized clotting times when wt-APC was used to prolong clotting (aPTT > 100 sec). However, superFVa normalized the aPTT at 100-fold lower concentrations compared to wt FVa. In thrombin generation assays using either human or murine plasma, superFVa fully restored thrombin generation at concentrations where wt FVa did not show effects. In an ex vivo whole blood aPTT assay, intravenous (iv) injection of murine recombinant wt APC (0.5 mg/kg) in Balb/c mice doubled clotting times from 30 sec to ∼ 60 sec (n=40). Addition of superFVa (1 nM) to whole blood significantly normalized aPTT clotting times whereas wt FVa failed to show a significant effect. In a tail clip-bleeding model in Balb/c mice, injection (iv) of human recombinant or plasma-derived wt APC induced significant bleeding at 1.25 mg/kg and mean blood loss increased from 3.4 µL/g with saline to 27 µL/g with wt APC treatment. SuperFVa injected (iv 3.5 mg/kg) 2 min prior to wt APC administration reduced bleeding significantly to 9.2 µL/g (n∼10 per group). In another bleeding model, liver laceration was used because it provides important information concerning microvessel-mediated bleeding after acute organ injury. After adaptation and technical modifications of the model used in rats and rabbits for mouse anatomy and validation in hemophilia versus control mice, this model provided a reliable assessment of bleeding with a ∼ 4-fold reduced inter-individual range of blood loss compared to the tail clip-bleeding model. Injection (iv) of human wt APC increased blood loss from 29 µL/g to 49 µL/g, and the excessive bleeding was associated with a ∼40% mortality rate. SuperFVa reduced wt APC-induced bleeding after 20 min significantly to 29 µL/g and abolished bleeding-induced mortality. Remarkably, bleeding patterns in the tail clip and liver laceration models were different when blood loss was determined separately for the 1st and 2nd 10 min after injury. In the tail clip-model wt-APC-induced bleeding during both 1st and 2nd 10 min after tail clip and superFVa decreased blood loss during both phases. In the liver laceration model, most blood loss occurred immediately after injury and bleeding during the 2nd 10 min was less pronounced. In this model, however, superFVa corrected blood loss entirely during the 1st 10 min phase and fully prevented bleeding during the 2nd 10 min phase. Our results provide proof of principle that superFVa is effective in the prevention and reversal of wt APC-induced bleeding. Thus, in addition to improving hemostasis in hemophilia, superFVa protects against bleeding in 2 different mouse models where bleeding was induced by wt APC. Hence, superFVa deserves future consideration for development as a prohemostatic agent in situations where bleeding is a serious risk. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Gender equity is an important target in human development, both at the national and global levels. Gender equity in the higher education context is a crucial issue. This study was aimed at analyzing the gender-based differences in Indonesian higher education graduates. Further, this study also explored the opportunity for women to become university leaders. In this study, a quantitative method was employed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the gender gap in higher education. This study involved the secondary data taken from the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (Kemenristekdikti) in the year 2019. This study revealed that there is no significant difference between men and women graduates from higher education. However, the descriptive data indicates that the number of women graduates is higher than men graduate. Further, the findings of this study also show that the opportunity for women's college graduates to become university leaders is widely opened, but commonly they find various obstacles in the field.


Most density based stream clustering algorithms separate the clustering process into an online and offline component. Exact summarized statistics are being employed for defining micro-clusters or grid cells during the online stage followed by macro-clustering during the offline stage. This paper proposes a novel alternative to the traditional two phase stream clustering scheme, introducing sketch-based data structures for assessing both stream density and cluster membership with probabilistic accuracy guarantees. A count-min sketch using a damped window model estimates stream density. Bloom filters employing a variation of active-active buffering estimate cluster membership. Instances of both types of sketches share the same set of hash functions. The resulting stream clustering algorithm is capable of detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters while correctly handling outliers and making no assumption on the total number of clusters. Experimental results over a number of real and synthetic datasets illustrate the proposed algorithm quality and efficiency.


1920s and 1930s architecture has often been associated with the use of modern materials, such as reinforced concrete, glass and steel, mainly thanks to the role given them by the historiography of the modern, of presenting a break with former tradition and of spreading the need of architectural renewal. The study of architecture from the point of view of construction techniques evidences, instead, how architectural renewal started earlier, during the 19 century and involved the whole realm of building, even tradition-associated materials, such as wood and stone. Indeed, artificial stone (which appeared in early 19 century) represents—above all in France—a link between traditional construction in stone and the newborn reinforced-concrete technique, so as to underline the gradual shift from 19 century construction codes to the new industrial construction techniques, which in the 1920s and 1930s tend to overlap and blend, in this way determining a material continuity of modern and 19 century architecture.


Increased cAMP in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) increases phosphorylation and localization of the urea transporter UT‐A1. UT‐A1 is phosphorylated by PKA at 2 sites: S486 and S499. Both must be phosphorylated for proper UT‐A1 function and trafficking indicating that the sites have non‐redundant roles. UT‐A1‐transfected mIMCD3 cells (WT‐UT‐A1‐IMCD) were treated with forskolin (10 μM), for 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, or 15 min. Using specific antibodies, lysates were analyzed by western for phospho‐S486, phospho‐S499, or WT‐UT‐A1. After 1 min, approximately 50% of UT‐A1 was phosphorylated at both S486 and S499. Maximal phosphorylation at both sites occurred at 5 min. Phospho‐antibody specificity was confirmed in mIMCD3 cells expressing phospho‐null UT‐A1 (S486A/S499A‐UT‐A1‐IMCD). S486 and S499 antibodies failed to detect UT‐A1 in phospho‐null UT‐A1 cells however, using confocal microscopy, both antibodies detected the presence of UT‐A1 in the apical membrane of WT cells. UT‐A1 was immunoprecipitated from [32P]orthophosphate‐labeled rat IM that was treated with forskolin for 0, 2, 5, 10 or 30 min. Autoradiography and western detected total phosphorylation, as well as phosphorylation at S486 and S499, was maximal after 5 min. To conclude, cAMP‐mediated phosphorylation of UT‐A1 at both S486 and S499 is rapid, site specific, and comprise the majority of cAMP‐mediated UT‐A1 phosphorylation.


To implement effective management of corporate culture, it is necessary to establish a practical and feasible corporate culture influence evaluation system to evaluate the running cultural system of the enterprise, so that managers can adjust strategies and tactics and maintain the effectiveness of cultural construction. This article first establishes a corporate cultural influence evaluation system, and then uses the GA-BP neural network algorithm evaluation method in machine learning to evaluate corporate cultural influence, builds an evaluation model in the Matlab environment, and achieves it through the training and verification of the model Quantitative evaluation of the influence of corporate culture provides a basis for decision-making for corporate managers.


Aqueous extracts of shoot (stem + branch), leaf, fl ower and root of Parthenium hysterophorus L. at 0, 5, 10 and 15% (w/v) concentrations were applied on seeds of soybean ( Glycine max L.) and haricot bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to investigate their effect on percent germination, germination rate, and seedling growth (shoot and root length) and dry matter production under laboratory condition. The treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in four replications. The trial was conducted twice, November 13 - 26 and December 1 - 14, 2008. Results depicted that signifi cant (P < 0.01) difference between plant parts, concentration levels and their interaction for the aforementioned parameters. Aqueous extracts of fl ower at all concentrations, and leaf at 10 and 15% and shoot at 15% concentration levels 100% inhibited germination of both crops. In contrast, aqueous extracts from shoot and root at 5% had lower effect, while at higher concentrations greatly reduced germination percentage and growth of the crop. Roots of the crops were more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoots. It is recommended that integrated weed management strategy should be designed and employed to combat the weed from soybean and haricot bean fi eld to avoid poor germination and seedling growth and ensure sustainable production of the crops.


In this paper, we derive an Expectation-Maximization algorithm for hidden Markov models (HMMs) with a multivariate Rayleigh mixture model (RMM) in each state. We compare the use of multivariate RMMs to multivariate Gaussian mixture models in the general case where the HMM is a dynamic model and for the special case where it has a single state and reduces to a static model. We evaluate the proposed method when used to model probability density of periodpgrams from real-life noise sources and white Gaussian noise, which we include for reference purposes.