Weak magnetic fields can be amplified by the movement of a conducting fluid or plasma. This is called the dynamo-effect and it plays a major role in the generation of celestial and planetary magnetic fields. In reversed field pinch fusion plasmas (RFPs), the magnetic field is never weak. However, in the fusion community its self-organization, (leading to the creation of a strong poloidal magnetic field from the confining toroidal field) is often called dynamo effect. In this communication we investigate whether the velocity field of a RFP is capable of amplifying a weak magnetic field. We hereby reconcile the astrophysics and fusion community with respect to the presence, or not, of a dynamo in RFPs. We consider the interaction of three vector-fields (as in [1]): the velocity field u, generated by an MHD instability resulting from its interaction with the magnetic field B, and an initially weak magnetic field D, passively advected by the velocity field u. The dynamics are investigated using incompressible visco-resistive MHD simulations in cylindrical geometry using a pseudo-spectral solver [2]. Fig. 1 (left) displays the axial-velocity field, while the growing time evolution of the energy of passive field D shown in Fig. 1 (right) shows that the RFP velocity field acts as a dynamo, for sufficiently large magnetic Reynolds numbers.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Researchers have long argued that a 'right' degree of closeness among team members is necessary for innovation. At unhealthy extremes, while closeness leads to cloning and copycat attitude, increased distance can result in incompatibility and dissonance. Hence, actually building teams that possess 'creative-tension' is easier said than done. This paper develops specific factors that conceptualize an 'optimum' distance (vis-a-vis closeness) in teams and later extends the factors to argue for a novel organizational form, the 'segmented network'.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between biomechanical parameters measured with a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer and glaucoma. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional observational data of 47 eyes of 47 consecutive subjects with medically controlled primary open-angle glaucoma and 75 eyes of 75 healthy subjects examined with a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer (Corvis ST) were retrospectively investigated. Eight biomechanical parameters were compared between eyes with and without glaucoma using multivariable models adjusting for intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness, age, and axial length. Results: In multivariable models, glaucoma was negatively correlated with A1 time (P<0.001, coefficient=−0.5535), A2 time (P=0.008, coefficient=−0.1509), radius (P=0.011, coefficient=−0.4034), and whole eye movement (P<0.001, coefficient=−0.0622). Negative correlation between glaucoma and 3 parameters (A1 time, A2 time, and radius) consistently indicate larger deformability of the cornea and negative correlation between glaucoma and whole eye movement indicate smaller eye movement, in glaucoma eyes. There were significant correlations of many biomechanical parameters with other baseline factors (8 parameters with IOP, 2 with central corneal thickness, 4 with age, and 7 with axial length). Conclusions: Eyes with medically controlled glaucoma were more deformable than healthy eyes, which may increase the risk of optic nerve damage through an underestimation of IOP and biomechanical vulnerability of the globe. Many parameters showed a significant correlation with baseline factors, suggesting the importance of adjustment for these confounding factors when evaluating the correlation between biomechanical parameters and ocular diseases. These results suggest the relevance of measuring biomechanical properties of glaucoma eyes for accurate IOP measurement and risk assessment.


Aims: Post-operative check radiographs after primary total hip replacement are routine practice in many orthopaedic units. However they can be uncomfortable for patients and are often of poor quality. We conducted a prospective study to assess the quality of post-operative check radiographs after total hip replacement and to establish whether they alter the management of the patient. Patients and method: We included 50 consecutive patients that underwent a primary total hip replacement in our study. During the post-operative period A-P and lateral check radiographs of the hip were performed. For each patient, any change in management and the time to discharge were recorded. The quality of each set of radiographs was assessed using a standard proforma (0–10) and scored by two independent observers. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68 years (range 39 to 83 years). The median time to x-ray was 4.0 days from operation and the median length of stay was 7.0 days. Overall 7 (14%) patients had their discharge delayed by a mean time of 2.0 (±0.89) days waiting for post-operative radiographs. The mean score for quality of radiographs was 8.12 (±1.32) with good inter-observer and intra-observer agreement. In total, 15 (30%) sets of radiographs were of inferior quality (a score of 7 or less). None of the patients had their management altered by the post-operative radiographs. Conclusion: We conclude that initial post-operative radiographs are of inferior quality and do not alter the management of the patient. Consideration should be given to performing check radiographs at the first out-patient clinic follow-up as an alternative.


In this paper we bring the new physical approach to a solution of deficiency in a large amount of testing material. It is a real problem of finite geometry of the specimen that additional effects harm the efficiency of standard way of the measurement evaluation. Three different models used for data evaluation are discussed in this paper. As a model material a PMMA specimen was used. There are discussed two approaches how to avoid the problem of heat loss effect in real experiment. The ideal one that assumes infinite geometry in a model and the limited time of recorded data used for parameters evaluation as the temperatures recorded at short times are not influenced by heat loss effect. The new model introduces next parameter - a heat transfer coefficient that represents heat loss effect from the free sample surface. Thermophysical data are given also numerically and agree with recommended data within 6% for all discussed models.


Summary In platin-refractory recurrent ovarian cancer the evidence available does not support firm conclusion about the preferred chemotherapy regimen. An increase of local exposure, however, by means of isolation perfusion techniques may have a greater impact on the cancer cells by a breakthrough in drug resistance and prolong symptom-free survival and overall survival. In a study on 79 patients, 61 of which were platin-resistant and in progression after first and second line platin combination chemotherapies, isolated hypoxic abdominal perfusion was performed. 20 complete responses and 31 partial responses were registered for an overall response rate of 64 %. Complete resolution of ascites after two isolated perfusions was noted in 43 %, a reduction of the ascites by > 50 % was observed in 19 %. Bone marrow toxicity was usually mild and did not exceed grade 1 ‐ 2. Grade 3 leucopenia and thrombocytopenia was observed only in cases with intensive prior systemic chemotherapy. The median survival time was 14 months, the median progression free survival was 8 months and the 25 % survival was 30 months with predominantly good quality of life. 8/79 patients (10 %) survived six years and more (75, 89, 91, 110, 172, 180, 187, 218 months). 4/79 patients have been living disease free for 110, 180, 187 and 218 months. Three of them had G3 tumors.


The North American steel industry has bounced back from the confrontational 1950s, the concerns of the 1960s, the crises of the 1970s and the catastrophic 1980s. It has experienced a renaissance in the 1990s and is ready to take on the world. The excitement is intense, the opportunities unlimited.


In Mexico, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and associated Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) have replaced infectious diseases as primary causes of morbidity and mortality. In less than four decades, T2D has become the foremost health problem of this middle income nation, affecting nearly one sixth of the adult population, more than 10 million people. Dyslipidemia is also problematic and widespread, with a national prevalence among the worlds highest. Contributing to these troubles, are alarming rates of weight disorders. Mexico now has one of the most overweight and obese populations in the world, where 66% of men and 72% of women over age 20 are overweight or obese. Additionally, Mexico has emerged as the country with the highest percentage of overweight and obese youth -26% of young children and 32% of teens. Among city children with weight disorders, hypertension has become more frequent, adding to the already high prevalence of hypertension in the country and contributing yet another dimension to an already complex problem with enormously detrimental clinical and economic consequences. These problems can be mitigated through lifestyle modifications that are vital components of comprehensive care for metabolic disorders and mandated in Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for T2D. Unfortunately, CPG can be complicated and often lack portability. Simplification and transculturalization can enhance applicability and implementation. The transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Algorithm (tDNA) programmatically addresses these needs and concerns through an evidence-based patient-algorithm template that is amenable to cultural adaptation. Food choices, dietary practices, physical activities, and healthcare practices in Mexico were considered for the Mexican adaptation. The resultant algorithm and its underlying recommendations are herein presented and explained.


Beta-apo-8'-carotenal and esters of the corresponding acid have been exhaustively examined in many countries. In scientific and practical trials, they have been shown to be active and reliable egg-yolk pigmenters. According to BRUBACHER et al.2) (1960), β-apo-8'-carotenal is widely present in small amounts in nature and when it is fed to birds, the compound is rapidly degraded to vitamin A or β-apo-8'-carotenoic acid which yields vitamin A or esters of the acid, and the latter is stored in egg-yolks as yellow pigment. Recently, the ethyl ester of


Naphthyl iso-quinoline alkaloid was extracted from stem of Ancistrocladus heyneanus, in methanol and t hen separated by TLC. It was further assayed by LC/MS a . The alkaloid identified as Yaoundamine was tested for its anti-malarial activity using in vitro metho d and two strains of Plasmodium falciparum a Chloro quinesensitive strain 3D7 and the other Chloroquine-resi stant strain K1. Based on the IC 50 value and SI (Selective Index) of the test samples (Yaoundamine) it was found that the stem extract containing Yaoundamine exhibited promising anti-malarial activity against both 3D7 and K1 stra ins of Plasmodium falciparum along with good SI. I t can be concluded that the extract is active against Chloro quine resistant parasites and efficacy is comparabl e to drug Arteether


Configured in accordance with the floor covering strategy across autonomous mobile robotic floor area movement, floor covering policy includes: based on the topology map floor area, specify the positioning of the current unit by the main boundary (302) delimited; performed into the current cell, or within the current unit of a series of double stroke, while the current cell obstructive object (306) in (300) onto hazard map; determining a current sub-boundaries (304) unit from said hazard map, the boundary of the current region double stroke coverage is performed (308) surrounding the cell, and distinguish between sub-boundary portion of the obstructive object (306) located in the sub-boundary portion with no obstructive object is located; and the determined Vice boundary (304) added to the topology map of the floor area.


We present a method, called iRRT, for processing Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) data, that can produce results even in overlapping regions of the spectrum. From the results we obtain diffusion constants for camphene, geraniol, and quinine of 12× 10−6cm2s−1, 9× 10−6cm2s−1, and 6× 10−6cm2s−1 respectively. We compare the results from this method to those obtained using a mono-exponential non-linear least squares fit. Both the 2D DOSY spectrum and the 1D spectra corresponding to each component of the mixture obtained from iRRT compare favorably to the spectra of the pure substances, and offer a vast improvement over the exponential fit results. This method is presented as a stable and reliable tool for solving the Inverse Laplace Transform (ILT) problem present in experiments such as DOSY.


The aim of this study is to explore possible speaker characteristics common to speech sounds, through two psychoacoustic experiments. In the first experiment, sustained Japanese vowels produced by four adult male speakers were used, and ABX tests were carried out to confirm whether speaker individualities common to sustained vowels exist by testing whether participants can verify unknown speakers using speaker characteristics obtained from other vowels. The experimental results show that there are some speaker characteristics common to the vowels and that pitch frequency is one of the primary cues for identification of unknown speakers of the sustained vowels. In the second experiment, ABX tests were conducted using three Japanese sentences produced by four adult male speakers. The results indicate that the participants can identify the speakers even though the mean of the pitch frequency is speaker-normalized, implying that dynamic properties of speech are important for auditory-perceptual speaker identification.


Abstract We consider perpetual Bermudan options and more general perpetual American options in discrete time. For wide classes of processes and pay‐offs, we obtain exact analytical pricing formulae in terms of the factors in the Wiener‐Hopf factorization formulae. Under additional conditions on the process, we derive simpler approximate formulae.


The development of low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for China to achieve the goal of acting as a responsible nation,obtaining peaceful growing-up and sustainable development.In Britain,the United States,Japan and other developed countries low carbon economy is mainly promoted through developing some renewable and clean energy,increasing the efficiency of energy and lowing the proportion of the high-carbon industry.And the policy instruments of those countries are mainly market-based ones.Currently,specific low-carbon policies are not included in the China's policy system.The relative policies are mainly associated with some administrative measures,such as "command-control",which hinders the development of low-carbon economy.Hence,low-carbon economy policy in China should follow the market-oriented reform process and the policy design should be changed from relying on administrative means to relying on market mechanisms.


Coals of the Irkutsk Basin and Transbikal area are described in terms of their petrographic, mineralogical, and chemical composition. Coal processing is also described.


Abstract The estimation of the uncertainty related to bathymetric data is essential in determining the quality of the data acquisition. This estimation is based on the covariance propagation considering the classical sounding georeferencing model. The estimation of the uncertainty using the Total Propagated Uncertainty (TPU) model is well described in the literature. Developing on this model, this study introduces an analysis of the morphological influence of the seafloor on the uncertainty value of the sounded points. Advancing the comprehension of the influence of the seafloor on the uncertainty value of the bathymetric data would improve the processing and interpretation of the seafloor surface as well as the structures present on the seafloor.


Background: Blood pressure (BP) parameters for management of tPA treated patients are well known among experienced stroke clinicians, and violation of systolic and diastolic BP limits have previous...


A new framework for modeling human body according to the specified measurement dimensions is presented. Users are assisted in automatically generating a virtual model through modifying the standard one by controlling the parameters provided. Our approach consists of four major parts. First, 3D scanner data is preprocessed and provides basic body parameters to standard body models. Second, the system builds a series of standard body models combined the previous parameters and commercial software Poser. Third, measures individual body. Finally, modeling synthesis is accomplished by standard body models and the individual parameters using degree 3 NURBS curve. In comparison with the existing similar systems, our methodology is efficient and accurate, and adapt to be used in Virtual Try On system on Internet.


he American Geriatrics Society recommends, in order to establish baseline information, the practice of initial two-step PPD testing for all T nursing home (NH) residents. Residents who react to either the first or second PPD skin test represent a reservoir of latent tuberculosis (TB) and are at risk to develop reactivation TB. Those residents who do not react to two-step PPD testing are immunologically naive to TB and susceptible to primary tuberculous infection. A few may be anergic.


This is an address by Gilles Grodin to the G-77 nations. Developed countries are now confronting the damage caused by their population control ideas: an aging population. This problem is the direct result of the fact that 30 years ago developed countries committed to contraception and abortion as a public-policy priority. Now the West is contemplating euthanasia as a solution to their aging problem. The US in particular cannot maintain its dominant global position as long as the population of the Third World especially those 13 countries named in NSSM 200 continues to expand exponentially. The Wests proposed solution to this problem is to attain demographic equilibrium by reducing the gap between the two worlds. This goal can be pursued by making those specifically named Third World countries adopt the very same policies of birth control and family planning instituted by the West. Such decadent population policies can be adopted by establishing a link between US willingness to extend economic and social aid to developing countries and these countries acceptance of the installation of family planning facilities and programs. The UN world community needs to realize that contraception and abortion can only lead to euthanasia and eventually to the disappearance of human society.


www.thelancet.com/psychiatry Vol 3 May 2016 413 In September, 1973, New Scientist published a story about a sonic weapon called a squawk box, designed for crowd control. "The rubber bullet", said author Robert Rodwell, "leaves visible bruises at best, and at worst smashed eyes... what does the squawk box leave"? Histories of weaponised sound are scant and—like the sq uawk box—shrouded in something that might be secrecy. It is known that in the 19th century Nikola Tesla experimented with infrasound, or sound below the level of human hearing, as did a scientist called Vladimir Gavreau in the 1950s. The Nazis are said to have built something called a Luftkanone, or sound canon, which they hoped would zap British bombers from the sky. If weaponised sound seems to dwell on the esoteric fringes of science, it is a notion with a vivid life in fi ction. "They told us all they wanted was a sound that could kill someone", sings Kate Bush in her tale of sonic research gone wrong, Experiment IV. David Lynch's Dune features weapons that channel the human voice into an instrument of death. Bad things are done to Michael Caine with sound in The Ipcress File. The writer Robert Graves was well acquainted with the impact sound could have on the human body and mind. In Goodbye to All That, his World War 1 memoir, he wrote that on return to civilian life from the front, "the noise of a car backfi ring would send me fl at on my face, or running for cover". In The Shout, a short story he wrote in 1926, Graves explores the notion that the human voice can kill. At the time, he wrote, "I was still living on the neurasthenic verge of nightmare". The Shout tells the story of Richard and Rachel Fielding, whose home and marriage are invaded by a mysterious vagrant, Charles Crossley. Crossley claims to have lived among Aborigines in Australia, and to have learnt from them how to kill a man with a "death shout". In 1978 the story was made into a fi lm by Polish director Jerzy Skolimowski (Moonlighting, Deep End), starring Alan Bates as Crossley, Susannah Yorke as Rachel Fielding, and John Hurt as Richard, who Skolimowski renames Anthony and turns from the musician of Graves's original story into an experimental composer. Adapting The Shout for the screen poses a question— what does a sound that could kill someone actually, well, sound like? When the BBC adapted the story for radio a few years later they drafted in the Radiophonic Workshop's Roger Limb to tackle the problem. Skolimowski deployed the still relatively new Dolby Optical Stereo system, explaining to an interviewer from Sight and Sound, "the human voice is helped on forty or more tracks by all the things that came into my mind that might be helpful, the Niagara Falls, the launching of the moon rocket, everything. But over the top is the real human voice of a man shouting like hell". Sonically thrilling though this Niagara-enhanced, rocket-propelled roar is, the real horror in The Shout (which won the Grand Jury Prize at Cannes) lies in moments of smaller magic. Asleep in the dunes one afternoon, the Fieldings dream the same dream of being pursued by an Aboriginal man in a tail coat. He zig-zags through the sand, carrying a sharpened bone, his face somehow never quite visible. Later, Crossley seems to hold Rachel sexually spellbound by means of a shoe buckle he has stolen from her. He picks it up, she is his. He discards it, she reawakens to her old life as if from a trance. Coupled with Skolimowski's off -kilter observations of the weirdness of English village life, these details create a tale of the everyday occult that dwells, like its author, on the fringes of nightmare.


Much has been and continues to be written about burghers in the Netherlands, but few of these studies concern conceptual history. The fine collective studies in De stijl van de burger (Aerts and Te Velde 1998) and Beschaafde burger: Burgerlijkheid in de vroegmoderne tijd (Hendrix and Meijer Drees 2000) are recent manifestations of this ongoing interest, which is present in the Netherlands as well. Both collections deal mainly with bourgeois culture in the Netherlands after 1500. The volume in conceptual history about the Dutch burgher concept, – the fourth in the Dutch series on conceptual history published by Amsterdam University Press – of which the present article gives an overview, is inspired first and foremost by German studies, especially the collections Burgerschaft. Rezeption und Innovation der Begrifflichkeit vom Hohen Mittelalter bis ins 19. Jahrhundert (Koselleck and Schreiner 1994), and Burgertum. Burger in der Gesellschaft der Neuzeit (Puhle 1991). The concepts of 'Burger' in the Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe (Brunner 1992) and citoyen-sujet-civisme in the Handbuch politisch-soziale Grundbegriffe in Frankreich 1680-1820


At present, the milk collecting measure and charge work of milk stations that belong to big daily food corporations mostly depends on weighing by platform scale and recording by hands. This kind of measure and charge work is very heavy, and there are also many personal errors. Therefore, we develop the IC card milk collecting measure and charge manage machine. System composition, operational principle and software system are illuminated in the article. The test indicates that the system has many good characteristics. It has quick and reliable data colletion and storage, a convenient and simple operation, a steady capability and a long service life. It can work under the condition of low temperature and moist environment as well. It should be popularized and applied.


The localized effect underground longwall mining has on surface water flow was evaluated using a combination of data gathering and displaying tools, specifically Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications. GPS was used to locate monitoring points in streams and springs and to attach site specific attributes to each location. GIS was used to combine and display the data with various surface and mine maps. Applying GPS to the study of mine subsidence allows collection of large amounts of data in the field that can be combined and collectively presented in a GIS format. The ten-month study included studying a perennial stream, its tributary and seven springs above two longwall panels. The results of the study showed that, directly after mining, flow in the stream tributary was significantly reduced (95%) with a return to near-normal flow within two months after mining. Also, the study on the effect longwall mining had on springs showed that springs located along hilltop ridges would be most susceptible to a lowering of the ground water table. New springs were formed during the study at elevations less than IO feet above the stream elevation. One interesting observation was that a spring actually showed a temporary increase in flow prior to mining. This may be attributed to the advancing subsidence wave causing tensional fractures in front of the mining face. Additional


A heat exchanger for cooling process gases which are under high pressure and temperature. The withdrawn heat is used for high pressure steam generation in accordance with the natural circulation principle. The heat exchanger comprises U tubes suspendedly inserted in a plate or tube sheet. Two chambers are provided above the plate, are separated from one another, and are intended for the coolant-steam circulation. A housing surrounds the U tube bundle and is connected to and below the chambers. The housing has at least one process gas inlet and at least one process gas outlet. One arm of each U tube is constructed as a double tube. The inner tube has the function of a gravity tube, and the remaining annular conduit, as well as the remainder of each U tube, have the function of risers.


Abstract We report the results of dynamic grating experiment with a planar dye-doped liquid crystal. The dye used is D2 (from EM chemicals). It was found that for this particular DDLC system, the excited state dye molecules caused interesting transient reorientations of the liquid crystal director axis in directions orthogonal to the initial molecular alignment.


Abstract At present the durability of engineering structures built of high performance cement concrete constitutes a very important issue especially when we consider the reliability of these structures under the impact of different classes of aggressive environment and dynamic loads acting on them. In the authors' opinion the above problem can be solved by applying chemical-mechanical methods to ensure proper material-structural protection of building structures in specific operating conditions. In order to chemically modify concrete microstructure, asphalt addition dissolved in high boiling organic solvent was applied. On the other hand, in order to form concrete structure, special consolidation methods of concrete mixture was used.


With the increasing demand in communication, it has become necessary to give better and efficient service to users by using better technique. This paper analyse the bit error rate, for different modulation schemes such as Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK. By Choosing a reliable modulation scheme and better coding technique the enhancement of the performance can be obtained in transmitter and receiver of the system. Simulated result is shown to analyse and compare the performance of these systems by using additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN). Finally the different modulation schemes are compared on the basis of BER and best modulation scheme is determined. From analysis of two modulation techniques, the system could use more appropriate modulation technique to suit the channel quality, thus we can deliver the optimum and efficient system parameters. LabVIEW has been used for simulation.


The high average price earning ratio implies the existence of the stock price bubbles in stock market and increases possibility for financial crisis.In order to analyze whether securities transaction tax has the inhibitory effect on the stock market bubbles,we selected the two adjustments of securities transaction tax for inhibiting stock bubbles,used the data of Shanghai A-share and compared PE ratios before and after adjustment by descriptive statistics and single factor variance analysis,the results show that securities transaction tax has obvious impact on inhibiting stock bubbles and that this kind of impact is significant in short time.Government can adjust the rate of securities transaction tax according to PE ratio in order to make the investors have clear expectation for securities transaction tax policy and to reduce excessive speculation.


This paper presents a method for localising and recognising vehicle manufacturer logos in both the front and rear views. The method assumes that the vehicle registration plate is visible and an estimate of its location is available. Features are constructed out of local histograms of gradients, in both conventional and hierarchical arrangements. The dimensionality of these vectors is then reduced using unsupervised PCA and, subsequently a supervised method based on Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis. This then provides a suitable metric for logo detection, localisation and multi-class classification. On a test set of data captured from a medium range CCTV camera, with five different manufacturers' logos, the proposed method provided a correct logo localisation rate of 97 % and a correct logo classification rate of 87.6%.


Organometallic precursor is provided. Precursor corresponds in structure to Formula I. Wherein, M is Ru, Fe or Os, R is Precursor useful for chemical phase growth process such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD).


1. Introduction.- 1.1 Structural Optimization.- 1.2 Previous Work.- 1.3 Proposed Improvement in Optimal Design Process.- 1.4 Purpose and Scope.- 1.5 Contents of this Study.- 1.6 Notation.- 2. Geometric Programming with Equality Constraints.- 2.1 Overview.- 2.2 Geometric Programming.- 2.3 Solution of the Primal Problem by Condensation.- 2.4 Generalized Geometric Programming.- 2.5 Geometric Programming with Equality Constraints.- 2.5.1 Generalized Geometric Programming with Equality Constraints Algorithm.- 2.5.2 Interactive Generalized Geometric Programming Solver (IGGP).- 3. Decomposition and Reduction Techniques for Large Scale Structural Optimization.- 3.1 Overview.- 3.2 Multilevel Systems and Decompositions in Nonlinear Programming.- 3.3 The Model Coordination Method.- 3.3.1 Illustrative Example.- 3.4 The Goal Coordination Method.- 3.4.1 Illustrative Example.- 3.5 Basis Reduction Techniques.- 3.6 Variable Linking.- 3.7 Relaxation and Linearization.- 4. Parallel Decomposition for Alternative Loads in Structural Optimization.- 4.1 Overview.- 4.2 The Move Coordination Formulation for Alternative Loading Conditions.- 4.3 Solution Algorithm.- 4.3.1 Algorithm (a).- 4.3.2 Algorithm (b).- 4.4 Relationship between the Move Coordination Method and Global Solution without Decomposition.- 4.5 Example - the Three Bar Truss.- 4.5.1 Formulation and Direct Solution.- 4.5.2 Solution by the Move Coordination Method.- 4.6 Effect of the Initial Relaxation.- 5. Application to Truss Type Structures.- 5.1 Formulation and Generation of Data.- 5.1.1 Formulation.- 5.1.2 Generation of Data.- 5.2 The Ten Bar Truss.- 5.2.1 Problem Statement.- 5.2.2 Solution by the Move Coordination and the Global Solution.- 5.2.3 Behavior of Bars in the Cyclic Iteration History.- 5.3 The 25-Member Space Truss.- 5.3.1 Problem Statement.- 5.3.2 Solution by the Move Coordination and Global Solution.- 5.3.3 Behavior of the Members in the Cyclic Iteration History.- 6. Summary, Conclusions and Plans for Future Work.- 6.1 Summary.- 6.2 Conclusions.- 6.3 Plans for Future Work.- 6.3.1 The Solution Algorithms.- 6.3.2 Application of the Decomposition Method.- References.


Simple Summary Myelofibrosis (MF) displays the worst prognosis among Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. There is no curative therapy for MF, except for bone marrow transplantation, which however has a consistent percentage of failure. There is thus an urgent need of novel biomarkers to complement current stratification models and to enable better management of patients. To address this issue, we herein measured the plasma levels of several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Circulating lncRNAs has been already largely described as potential non-invasive biomarkers in cancers. In our study we unveiled that LINC01268, MALAT1 (both p < 0.0001) and GAS5 (p = 0.0003) plasma levels are significantly higher in MF patients if compared with healthy donors, and their increased plasma levels correlate with several detrimental features in MF. Among them, LINC01268 is an independent variable for both OS (p = 0.0297) and LFS (p = 0.0479), thus representing a putative new biomarker suitable for integrate contemporary prognostic models. Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently described as key mediators in the development of hematological malignancies. In the last years, circulating lncRNAs have been proposed as a new class of non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and to predict treatment response. The present study is aimed to investigate the potential of circulating lncRNAs as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in myelofibrosis (MF), the most severe among Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. We detected increased levels of seven circulating lncRNAs in plasma samples of MF patients (n = 143), compared to healthy controls (n = 65). Among these, high levels of LINC01268, MALAT1 or GAS5 correlate with detrimental clinical variables, such as high count of leukocytes and CD34+ cells, severe grade of bone marrow fibrosis and presence of splenomegaly. Strikingly, high plasma levels of LINC01268 (p = 0.0018), GAS5 (p = 0.0008) or MALAT1 (p = 0.0348) are also associated with a poor overall-survival while high levels of LINC01268 correlate with a shorter leukemia-free-survival. Finally, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the plasma level of LINC01268 is an independent prognostic variable, suggesting that, if confirmed in future in an independent patients' cohort, it could be used for further studies to design an updated classification model for MF patients.


Edward Bouverie Pusey became directly involved with the Scottish Episcopal Church in the 1850s and 1860s as a consequence of two major issues. The first occurred as a result of the accusation of heresy and the subsequent trial of Bishop Alexander Penrose Forbes of Brechin from 1857 to 1860, over his teaching about the 'Real Objective Presence' of Christ in the Eucharist. The second was the prospective relinquishing of their indigenous Communion Office by the Scottish church in the early 1860s...


The adaptability of organisms and human societies depends on the synergistic orchestration of processing modes at many different levels of organization, each with unique informational characteristics. Digital information technology is a narrow transect of this spectrum. Adaptability theory provides a tool for analyzing the interactions between these fundamentally different modes of processing and for delineating the factors that can lead to either positive or negative consequences for human life.


The cyanamides obtained by the von Braun degradation of voachalotine (VIII) and derivatives are all bromine free compounds, formed by a "benzylic" cleavage of the C3N4 bond. The alternatively conceivable allylic cleavage of the C21N4 bond was not observed.

The derivatives I, III and VI (not containing an OH group) yielded cyanamides comprising a Δ 3,14 double bond conjugated to the indole system. This was not observed in the degradation of voachalotine (VIII): the corresponding cyanamide IX contained a cyclic ether, formed by an intramolecular attack of the alcohol group on C3. The cleavage of the C3-N4 bond can also be assisted by an inter-molecular process involving alcohols added to the solvent (chloroform). In the latter conditions indeed good yields of the 3-alkoxycyanamides XII, XIII, XIV and XV were obtained.


Many researches have been performed on the application of lasers to dentistry in the last two decades, and many types of laser devices are now clinically used. On the other hand, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have other possibilities for applying lasers to dentistry. Firstly, the basic concept and present state in medicine of PDD and PDT are summarized in this article. PDD and PDT have been used for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer including oral cancer, and other nonmalignant diseases such as aged-related macular degeneration. Attempts to use PDT started in the 1960s. Nowadays, some diseases are already being treated by PDT and some of those treatments are covered by national health insurance. PDD and PDT are based on the phenomenon that a photosensitizing agent as photosensitizer (PS) can be preferentially localized in certain cells and tissues and activated by light of the appropriate wavelength. In PDD, the fluores cence induced by the light is detected and used for diagnosis. In PDT, PS activated by the light generates singlet oxygen and free radicals that are cytotoxic to the target cells and tissues. Secondly, the basic researches of PDD and PDT in the dental field are reviewed. Attempts have been made to apply PDD to diagnosis of oral cancer in vivo. Moreover, the possibility of applying autofluorescence for detection of oral cancer was discussed, and detection of autofluorescence for pulpal tissue and root canal components was outlined. In PDT, when a diode laser was irradiated in the root canal with ophthagreen, melted root canal surface was observed, and when a Nd:YAG laser was irradiated in the root canal with TiO2, the root canal was slightly enlarged. In conclusion, PDD and PDT have the potential to be used in general dentistry including endodontics in the


Disclosed is a method for determining the spatial positions and orientations of at least two in the jaw of a patient anchored implants (120) comprising the following steps: 1. preparing a Einklebehilfe (100) that bridges the implants and negative forms (140) of adhesive caps (110) , said negative molds to fit the adhesive caps when they are fixed on the implants, and wherein the negative molds leave a margin to the adhesive cap. 2. The adhesive caps are fixed in the jaw of the patient on at least two implants. 3. The Einklebehilfe is positioned over the adhesive caps. 4. The clearance between the adhesive caps and the negative molds is filled with adhesive. 5. The adhesive is cured. 6. The adhesive caps are released from the implants. 7. The adhesive key obtained is removed from the patient's mouth. Using this adhesive can be key in making Restorations sitting on several implants, make sure that the implant assembly in the mouth of the patient is transferred correctly.


Abstract A simple and inexpensive technique for analysis of oxadiazon (5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐(2,4‐dichloro‐5‐isopropoxyphenyl)‐1,3,4,‐oxadiazol‐2(3H)‐=one) residues in thatch and soil involving solid‐phase extraction/purification and final gas‐liquid chromatographic determination with nitrogen‐phosphorus specific detection has been developed. The method, sensitive to 0.08ppm for thatch and 0.04ppm for soil, significantly reduces the use of organic solvents and labor, and allows simultaneous analysis of multiple samples.


Nowadays, in electrical energy, transient power quality disturbance issue is one of the "stubborn problems" that plagued the power sector and users. This paper focuses on analyzing the causes and effects of transient power quality disturbance, sequentially finds out scientific testing methods and sums up its control methods.


An high performance phase-locked-loop (PLL) design method is discussed. In this context high performance means a high order PLL with efficient noise reduction and accurate frequency response achievements. Both analog PLL (APLL) and digital PLL (DPLL) designs may be obtained through the proposed technique. The method allows any order PLL but is especially useful for high-order PLLs because of its difficult design. An explicit formalism for PLL design is established and APLL and DPLL models are also presented. High order design examples are discussed. Experimental results obtained through DPLL realization on a fixed point digital signal processor (DSP) and APLL realization with a commercially available circuit are presented, discussed and compared. Finally, conclusions are drawn.


The lithographic printing plate of the invention com prises a substrate having a hydrophilic surface, a coat ing on said surface of a light sensitive material (e.g., a water soluble diazo) and a top coating of discrete, oleo philic resin particles (e.g., an emulsion polymer), the resin particle coating being: (a) transparent to actinic light; (b) sufficiently permeable to allow a developer for the light sensitive material to penetrate through to the underlying light sensitive coating; (c) insoluble in said developer; (d) capable of being coalesced in situ after the plate is imaged and developed.


Iapetus Revealed The striking appearance of Saturn's moon Iapetus—half black and half white—has puzzled astronomers for over three centuries. Now Spencer and Denk (p. 432, published online 10 December) present an explanation for this asymmetry: A thermally controlled runaway migration of water ice triggered by exogenic deposition of dark material on the moon's leading darker side, which faces the direction of motion of the moon in its orbit around Saturn. This mechanism is unique to Iapetus because it rotates slowly enough to allow large temperature variations to arise, it is small enough to allow long-range migration of water, and there is a source of dust to trigger the process. In a related paper, Denk et al. (p. 435, published online 10 December) present data derived from the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem that reveal that both dark and bright materials on the leading side of Iapetus are redder than their trailing-side counterparts. This asymmetry results from the deposition of dust and debris from other moons in the saturnian system—the very same process that initiates the thermal segregation proposed above. Thermal migration of water ice explains the observed color asymmetry of Saturn's unusual moon, Iapetus. The extreme albedo asymmetry of Saturn's moon Iapetus, which is about 10 times as bright on its trailing hemisphere as on its leading hemisphere, has been an enigma for three centuries. Deposition of exogenic dark material on the leading side has been proposed as a cause, but this alone cannot explain the global shape, sharpness, and complexity of the transition between Iapetus' bright and dark terrain. We demonstrate that all these characteristics, and the asymmetry's large amplitude, can be plausibly explained by runaway global thermal migration of water ice, triggered by the deposition of dark material on the leading hemisphere. This mechanism is unique to Iapetus among the saturnian satellites because its slow rotation produces unusually high daytime temperatures and water ice sublimation rates for a given albedo.


PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for providing user interaction in LASeR(Light Application Scene Representation) are provided to offer useful information to a user by visualizing realistic effect by sensing information on a display. CONSTITUTION: An input unit(204) receives a control from a user. A control processing unit(206) analyzes the control to create drag event information containing the event type information and the event property information. The event type information shows the type of control. A movement processing unit(208) created the drag element information for showing the movement coping with the control in a display by referring to the drag event information.


The glassy state and the glass transition of a stretched network polymers are studied on the basis of the hole theory introducing the concept of ordering parameters in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, where the hole and the conformation of network chain are supposed to be frozen-in in the glassy state. The equations for the change in glass transition temperature with stretching are derived to test the criteria for glass transition, i.e., the iso-free volume, the iso-configurational entropy, and the iso-configurational energy assumptions. It was found that the second assumption explains the experimental facts best. The enthalpy and volume of the glass having histories of stretching are also evaluated. The difference in the enthalpy between stretched and non-stretched glasses depends not only on the change in the conformational energy with stretching but also on the differences in volume and glass-forming temperature.


Introduction Lithium is the oldest known treatment of bipolar disorders and remains the gold standard. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to handle, largely due to its narrow therapeutic index and its long-term side effects. Thus, it requires special initiation and monitoring measures. Objectives This study aims to assess nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding lithium. A protocol on Lithium initiation and monitoring will be established. Methods This is a descriptive study including 20 nurses in a psychiatry department conducted from January to May 2021 based on an self-assessment questionnaire that was established to assess nurses' knowledge about Lithium, its side effects, initiation and monitoring. Results None of the recruited nurses had any training regarding the use of lithium. The vast majority of subject (85%) said that lithium's dosage must be individualized and adaptable to each patient throughout a specific blood test. 90% recognized renal failure as the most common contraindication of lithium. Complete Blood Count (CBC), and renal check-up were the only tests recognized as necessary by all the sample subjects. 90% answered that lithium is toxic and 65% answered that it is fatal. In case of toxicity by lithium all subjects (100%) agreed to call the responsible doctor of the patient, 25% of them chose it as a unique measure and 75% thought it was necessary to stop the lithium immediately as well. Conclusions Lithium is considered as a double-edged sword largely due to its narrow therapeutic index. Nevertheless, nurses are undertrained when it comes to its use and manipulation. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Abstract Long‐form animation began commercially in 1995 on a Government initiative. Since then, there has been an unprecedented production of animation for television and cinema, far surpassing several ASEAN countries that have studios providing animation services for foreign countries but do not have their own, homegrown series or features. However, Malaysian animation is at the crossroads. Even though foreign sales have been made, it is not cost‐effective for producers to continue making animation. The delay in approving contracts by the Government station (the only TV station that pays US$10,000 per episode), has caused some producers to fold up or downsize. The problem is further compounded with the large number of graduates entering the industry – with too few studios willing, or able, to employ them. More and more foreign TV series are flooding the TV channels. Action needs to be taken to prevent the animation industry from floundering. This paper will explore the state of the industry to see what needs to be done so that Malaysia will not lose out in the production of animation films and TV series featuring local stories and characters that can effectively reach out to young people and, at the same time, can appeal to a global audience.


Optical splitters can generate either a 1-dimensional beam array (1 × N) or a 2-dimensional beam matrix (M × N), depending on the diffractive pattern on the element surface. Beam splitter DOEs can also split the incident beam into interesting spot distributions, such as circles, random, hexagonal arrays, etc. Optical beam splitters are used with monochromatic light (such as a laser beam) and are designed for a specific wavelength and an angle of separation between their output beams.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem as it is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported to reduce inflammatory response in several diseases, including myasthenia gravis, viral myocarditis and cerebral infarction. The present study investigated the role of Tregs in mediating neuro-protective effects in a mouse model of TBI. Initially, Treg levels were determined, and compared between the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model for moderate TBI and the sham group, by using flow cytometry and ELISA. Afterwards, the number of Tregs was upregulated (by injection) and downregulated (by depletion), respectively, to elucidate the effect of Tregs in the presence of an inflammatory reaction and a deficient neurological function and consequently, in the prognosis of TBI in the mouse. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6)] and anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β] in blood and brain tissues was also measured in the five groups: Μice receiving a saline injection, mice experiencing Treg depletion, small-dose (SD Tregs, 1.25×105), and mice receiving different doses of Tregs: Moderate-dose (MD Tregs, 2.5×105) and large-dose (LD Tregs, 5×105), using ELISA and PCR. Co-cultures of Tregs and microglia were performed to evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and observe the interaction between the two types of cells. The regulation patterns in JNK-NF-κB pathway by Tregs were also evaluated by western blot analysis. Treg levels were significantly reduced in TBI mouse group on the 3rd day after TBI (P<0.05). In the mouse model of TBI, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) was enhanced, while the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) was reduced (P<0.05). Tregs exhibited a suppressive effect on inflammatory reactions. In the MD group, the activation of microglia cells was markedly inhibited, compared to the activation in SD and LD groups. The expression of ERK1/2, JNK1/2/3 and NK-κB was significantly downregulated in the MD group. The results indicated that Tregs exhibited significant neuro-protective effects, suppressing pro-inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair after TBI injury in the mouse, specifically by deactivating the JNK-NF-κB pathway. The results of the study show that Tregs potentially participates in neuro-therapeutic approaches for TBI.


Abstract
In the type II cells of the lungs of mice, left in the cadaver after death, no post-mortem changes at electron microscope level have been found after 30 minutes. At 1 hour cytoplasmic vesicles have appeared and the microvilli have altered. Vesiculation and nuclear contrast then increase, and after 8 hours at 25° most of the cell is occupied by large vesicles and the cell boundary is disrupted. Meanwhile nuclei, mitochondria and lamellated osmiophilic bodies (LOPBs) remain intact. The timing of the changes is irregular but in these cells they are less rapid than the literature (on other cells) would suggest. Useful information about mitochondria and LOPBs can be obtained even after some hours' delay in fixation. The changes seem to be more rapid if the tissues are immersed in saline than if they are left in the cadaver.


The purpose of this study was to compare the thermic effects of food (TEF) and appetite of formulas that were made of different protein sources in healthy Korean women.


Purpose

This introductory paper aims to provide an overview of the significance of the theme issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper sheds lights on issues that post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations are facing, and more importantly provides strategies to overcome the issues. The solutions are tailored to the particular profile of the destination.

Findings

For post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations to enhance their image to potential visitors and to be able to compete equally with established destinations, it is important to provide solutions that are tailor-made to their own situation and circumstances, as one size does not fit all.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is that it re-visits the realities faced by post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations while highlighting their potentials and barriers.


An extensive parametric study of cold-formed ferritic stainless steel unlipped channels with fastened flanges subjected to web crippling under end-two-flange (ETF) loading condition is undertaken, using quasi-static finite element analysis, to investigate the effects of web holes and cross-sections sizes. Both cases of unlipped channels with and without web holes are considered. The web holes are located either centred or offset to the load and reaction plates. It is noted that no cold-formed stainless steel standard provides capacity reduction factors for unlipped channels with fastened flanges subject to end-two-flange loading condition. The strengths obtained from reduction factor equations are first compared to strengths calculated from equations recently proposed for cold-formed stainless steel lipped channels. It is demonstrated that the strength reduction factor equations previously proposed for cold-formed stainless steel lipped channels can be unconservative for cold-formed ferritic stainless steel unlipped channels by up to 10%. The laboratory investigation shows that, for the case of plain unlipped channels (i.e. without web holes), the European Standard (EN 1993-1-4) is too conservative by as much as 43 %. From both laboratory and finite element results, web crippling design equations are proposed for both sections, with and without web holes.


Voice interfaces to browsers and mobile applications are becoming popular as typing with touch screens is cumbersome. The main issue of practical speech based interfaces is how to overcome speech recognition errors. This problem is more severe when the users are non-native speakers of English due to differences in pronunciations. In this paper, we describe a novel, intelligent speech interface design approach for IR tasks that is significantly robust to accent variations. Our solution uses phonemic similarity based word spreading and semantic information based filtering to boost the accuracy of any ASR. We evaluated our solution with Google Voice as the ASR for a web question-answering system developed in-house and the results are very encouraging.


The world ocean plays an extremely important role in the life of mankind, has crucial importance for the accelerated development of the world economy, and is an important factor in geopolitics. Despite the huge potential of self-regulation, its condition is rapidly deteriorating today, mostly with the participation of humans. The problem of a more complete understanding of the role of the ocean in the functioning of the Earth system, the interaction of human and the ocean acquires special importance in these conditions, which requires appropriate research in many fields of science. One of the ways to identify gaps in knowledge about the world ocean can be a comprehensive analysis of the global array of scientific works in the areas of marine research. The global trends analysis of science development in the areas of marine research was carried out on the basis of data from the international platforms Web of Science and Research4Life. The analysis was carried out according to six conventional areas of marine research: (1. Ecology of rivers, seas, oceans, coastal areas, ecological consequences of human activity; 2. Fishing and aquaculture, water use activities; 3. Marine infrastructure; 4. Geology and development of marine mineral and energy resources; 5. Production of machines and equipment; 6. Management of water (sea, ocean, river) resources by indicators of publication number, citation number, growth rates of these indicators. According to the results of the scientometric publication analysis, the most relevant areas of marine research were determined, which include: "microplastics", "biodiversity", "aquatic biological resources", "marine species", "aquaculture", "artificial intelligence", "Internet of Things", "green" and "smart" ports, "offshore wind farms", "corrosion protection", "blue economy", which is confirmed by the results of the analysis. The world experience deserves special attention, including Ukraine's scientific developments on protecting the ocean from plastic. The scientists' list of technologies currently in use or being developed to prevent or collect plastic pollution includes 52 technologies.


The connotative unity between scientific development and the construction of socialist harmonious society is the necessary requirement in the building of social harmony.The construction of socialist harmonious society is the practical requirement for the implementation of the view of scientific development as well as the necessary path of socialist development.The unity of the two could be found in the goal of pursuit for the overall construction of a well-off society and the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.


THE INVENTION RELATES TO A PACKAGE SEALED PLASTIC CAN BE EASILY OPEN. PACKAGING MEETS THE INVENTION IS FORMED BY A FILM WITH AT LEAST ONE SUBSTRATE LAYER AND LAYER HOT WELD, AND IT CONTAINS SOME SOUDEE IN WHICH CONTAINS LAYER SUBSTRATE MANY CUT-THROUGH 1. THESE CUTS ARE fORMED ON THE BANKS 2 PACKAGE OR THEIR IMMEDIATE VICINITY AND THEY ARE PARTIALLY OR TOTALLY CLOSED BY LAYER WELDING HOT. PACKAGING CANNED AND ITS STRENGTH IN NORMAL ALL CAN BE EASILY OPEN WITH FINGERS. APPLICATION PACK FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL.


High pressure wear characteristics of DCI(Ductile Cast Iron) were investigated through unlubricated pin-on-disc wear test. Wear test were carried out at speed of 23m/min, under pressure of 3MPa and 3.3 MPa. Cu and/or Mn were added to examine the effect of alloying elements on the high pressure wear characteristics of DCI. To investigate the relationship between wear characteristics and mechanical properties of DCI, Brinell hardness and V-notched Charpy impact energy were tested. Wear surface of each specimen was observed by SEM to determine the wear mechanism of DCI under high pressure wear condition. In the mild wear region, wear characteristics of alloyed DCI specimens were very similar to that of unalloyed DCI. But mild-severe wear transition was occurred at different wear distance and wear rate of DCI specimens were changed by alloying elements. In severe wear condition, wear rate of DCI was dramatically increased by the addition of Mn. Although the addition of Cu 0.46wt% did not decrease the wear rate of DCI in the severe wear region, but it delayed the mild-severe wear transition. Under high pressure wear condition, wear rate and mild-severe wear transition were not concerned with hardness of DCI specimens, but they were deeply associated with impact energy changed by alloying elements.


Concerning with incorporeal capital,hi-tech,human resources,computer auditing technology, etc, this paper explains the effective measures to perfecting the aim of auditin, strergthenig the content of capital and property right, making innovations of auditing technology and qualified people sense, controlling the risk of auditing,etc, therefore to meet the severe challenge vigorously in the knowledge economy epoch.


Chemical and photometric models of elliptical galaxies with infall of primordial gas, and subsequent ejection of processed material via galactic winds, are described. Ensuring that these models are consistent with the present-day colour-luminosity relation and the measured intracluster medium (ICM) abundances, we demonstrate that the initial mass function (IMF) must be significantly flatter (i.e., x<=0.80) than the canonical Salpeter slope (i.e., x=1.35). Such a ``top-heavy'' IMF is in agreement with the earlier conclusions based upon closed-box models for elliptical galaxy evolution. On the other hand, the top-heavy IMF, in conjunction with these semi-analytic infall models, predicts an ICM gas mass which exceeds that observed by up to a factor three, in contrast with the canonical closed-box models. Time and position-dependent IMF formalisms may prove to be a fruitful avenue for future research, but those presently available in the literature are shown to be inconsistent with several important observational constraints.


The adverse hydraulic jump has been investigated and analyzed in order to derive the limiting design parameters for this type of jump. The limiting design condition refers to the adverse jump when it occurs entirely on the adverse slope; as such, this jump was difficult to establish at Froude numbers less than 9 and required continuous tailwater adjustment to maintain a stationary position for Froude numbers less than about 4. It was found that the sequent depth as well as the roller length for the adverse hydraulic jump is less than that for a horizontal jump with the same approach conditions. The results for the limiting adverse jump are compared with published results on a stabilized jump that starts on a positive slope and ends on an adverse slope. A momentum based theory is presented to determine the sequent depth ratio. An empirical equation is presented for the roller length.


Pituitary apoplexy is a condition of sudden hemorrhage into the pituitary gland, usually at the site of a pituitary adenoma, occurring in 8% of pituitary macroadenomas. The clinical presentation of pituitary apoplexy varies based upon the timing and mechanism of pituitary mass expansion towards the optic nerve or hypothalamus, as well as the hormonal function of the neoplasm and remaining pituitary gland tissue. Nearly all patients present with headache (97%), and fewer patients present with visual field impairment (71%). Pituitary apoplexy acutely disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, and may lead to relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock, with a high mortality if not recognized and treated.


Dithiocarboxylic Acids, Dithiocarboxylic Esters, or Thiocarboxylic Amides by Reaction of Methylene-active Chloromethyl Compounds with Sulfur

With a mixture of sulfur and amine in DMF at room temperature halomethyl compounds (1, 5–10) can be oxidized to give thiocarboxylic acids (2, 11–16) and their derivatives (3, 4, 17–35). We studied this reaction in detail especially with chloroacetic derivatives (11–15) or chloromethyl heterocycles (16) formally derived from chloroacetic acid.

The resulting thiooxalic acid derivatives (11–27) represent activated acids and very useful C2-synthons, especially for the synthesis of heterocycles.

Oxidation in the presence of triethyl amine leads to dithiocarboxylates (11–16) which can be alkylated to dithioesters (17–27) in high yields.

As a rule, with different primary and secondary amines instead of tertiary amines these dithiocarboxylates or dithiocarboxylic esters can be transformed already at low temperatures to thioamides (28–35).


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning satisfaction of graduates or completers from the Career and Technical Teacher Education (CTTE) in-service program at a public university in the state of Kansas. The conceptual framework and the survey instrument were adapted from the Performance-Based Teacher Education learning packages and revised based on current educational situations, technologies, and terminologies to measure participants' learning satisfaction. The participants included 96 career and technical education in-service teachers who had completed their degrees or certificates requirements from the CTTE in-service program between 2004 spring and 2015 summer. An on-line survey was administered by using SurveyMonkey. The return rate was 61.46% including 51 participants whose data were valid. The findings of this study included: (a) the graduates or completers generally felt satisfied or very satisfied about how their knowledge and skills learned from the program fitted their teaching practices and (b) the learning satisfaction were not impacted by graduates' or completers' teaching school types as well as educational levels. However, the graduates or completers who received degree(s) from the program had significantly higher learning satisfaction than the graduates or completers who received a certificate only. © 2015 by Sho-Hsien Su All Rights Reserved


The study area of this article,Wennan Oilfield, is located in the southern part of the central uplift belt of the Dongpu Sag,which is of about 224km~2.It is one of the potential petroleum belts and is adjacent to the Qianliyuan Oil-bearing Depression. The 1~ st Member of the Shahejie Formation is the most important development bed series in the Wennan Oilfield. Three types of reservoirs are recognized: lithologic reservoir,lithologic-fault reservoir and fault block reservoir. The distribution of sand-body and fault system plays an important role to oil reservoir cumulating,but the distribution of sandbody is controlled by characteristics of source rocks and sedimentary paleo-topography. A close relationship exists between sedimentary facies and oil reservoirs. The reservoir beds in the west of the southwest slope include the areas of Qiaokou,Dongming,Gegangji and Sancunji districts that are characterized by delta front sub-facies,which could be divided into distributary channel,river-mouth bar and front sheet sand micro-facies. Beds formed in both of distributary channel and river-mouth bar environments are 4-7m in thickness and with defined distribution. Front sheet sand is of 2—3m in thickness and is a principal reservoir bed in the Wennan Oilfield. Oil reservoirs of high product can be formed when structural height are coupled with subaqueous distributary channel or river-mouth bar facies.


Introduction: We developed a new cardiovascular screening system "Cardiac Preparative Screening (CPS)" which is used to evaluate the needs of cardiac consultant for the patients who are planned for...


Mr. J. Bonnar (February 16 p. 287) and Mr. D.F. Hawkins (March 2 p. 387) have both reported an excess of ectopic gestations among the unplanned pregnancies occurring in women using progestogen-only oral contraceptives. Their findings stimulated us to review the outcome of unplanned pregnancies occurring among the participants in the trials of progestogen-only oral contraceptives conducted by the Family Planning Association and in similar trials carried out in Ljubljana Yugoslavia with which 1 of us (M.P.V.) was associated. The results are shown in the table. Of the 73 pregnancies of known outcome 3 (4.1%) were extrauterine. These data are closely similar to those that have been re ported in relation to intrauterine devices. Lehfeldt et al. for example found that 4.3 of pregnancies occurring with an intrauterine device in situ were ectopic while Vessey et al. reported a corresponding figure of 8.9%. The implication is that progestogen-only oral contraceptives like intrauterine devices are much more effective at preventing implantation than extrauterine. From the practical point of view we agree with Mr. Hawkins that the doctor responsible for the care of a patient who has become pregnant while using progestogen-only oral contraceptives must be on the alert in case the pregnancy is ectopic.(FULL TEXT)


The article deals with structural-semantic, stylistic-functional,linguopragmatic and linguocultural aspects of the constituents of the lexical-semantic field of "joy"/ "shod-xurramlik" in English and Uzbek.


Using the method of the fourth survey of the national Chinese medical resources, the wild Chinese medical plant resources Changjiang county of Hainan were investigated. The distribution patterns and species richness of the wild Chinese medical plants were explored according to their altitudinal distributions and occurrence frequencies. Results showed that the Chinese medicinal plants in Changjiang country were attributed to 179 species, including 42 species of national key Chinese medical plants, 20 species of Hainan key Chinese medicinal plants and 117 species of Chinese folk herbal plants in the Li minoritie. This indicated that both the medical plant resources and folk herbal knowledges in this country were rich. The medical plants in this country could be classified into widely distribution species(9 species, 5%),generally distribution species(48 species, 28.6%) and narrowly distribution species(122 species, 68.2%), according to their distributions along the altitude. Occurrence frequencies of 125 plant species were positively correlated with their distribution ranges, indicating that the higher the plant occurrence frequency, the wider their distribution ranges. The result also indicates that it is needed to enhance the protection of rare and endangered wild medicinal resources when we develop and utilize the wild medical plants.


ZHANG ZD & ZANG RG. 2011. Relationship between species richness of plant functional groups and landscape patterns in a tropical forest of Hainan Island, China. The number of species and functional group (FG) classification were obtained from 135 grid sample plots (58 225 individuals) in a tropical forest landscape of Hainan Island, China in order to study the effects of landscape patterns of habitat types on species richness of woody plant FGs. Correlation between species richness and landscape pattern metrics were analysed by principal component and multiple linear regression analyses. The predominant determinants of species richness in different FGs were percentage of landscape, edge density (ED), total edge contrast index (TECI) and area-weighted mean shape index. The climax species were more sensitive to landscape fragmentation than the pioneer species in terms of species richness change. The species richness in the climax species increased markedly with increasing diversity and complexity of patches. In contrast, as ED and TECI increased, pioneer species slightly increased, but climax species and the total number of species decreased. This study further confirmed the prime role of landscape metrics in predicting the distribution of species richness in different FGs.


* Preface * Acknowledgements * Chapter One. Disasters of Development: Development Forced Displacement and Resettlement * Chapter Two. Understanding Resistance: Combating the Violence of Development * Chapter Three. The People in the Way * Chapter Four. Contested Landscapes: Development, Ecological Upheaval, and Resistance * Chapter Five. Challenging the Economics of Displacement: Evaluating Risks and Compensating Losses * Chapter Six. The Lake of Memory: Cultural Discourses of Resistance * Chapter Seven. Confronting Goliath: The Politics of DFDR Resistance * Chapter Eight. The Risks and Results of Resistance to Resettlement * Bibliography * Index


The funeral prayer was performed without bowing (ruku') and prostrating (sujud), resulting in differences in defining the funeral prayer, including between Imam al-Syāfi'ī and Ibn Jarīr aṭ-Ṭabarī. This study aims to answer two research questions: 1) what is the definition of funeral prayer according to al-Syāfi'ī and Ibn Jarīr aṭ-Ṭabarī? 2) which are the istinbat methods used by both of them? This study is a normative legal research with a comparative approach. In this study, the authors used library research methods.. The results of this study indicate that Imam al-Syāf''ī and the majority of scholars interpret the word 'prayer' in ḥaqīqī meaning, and they say the funeral prayer is the same as any other prayer. Meanwhile, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr aṭ-Ṭabarī interprets the word 'prayer' at the funeral prayer in a majāzī manner. According to him, a funeral prayer is just a form of prayer because is no bowing and prostration in its implementation. As a result, ablution (wuduk) is not an obligation that must carry out before carrying out the funeral prayer.


In this study, we used Bacillus subtilis 168, a spore-producing gram-positive bacterium, as a model to reveal the effects and mechanisms of killing by exogenous hydroxyl radical (OH·). The results showed that, exogenous OH· could kill B. subtilis efficiently. Nearly 99% of them was killed in 0.3 mg/L OH· solution, and 100% in 0.8 mg/L OH· solution. The exogenous OH· could damage biomolecules of B. subtilis. The quantity and the integrities of DNA, RNA and protein decreased with the increasing concentration of OH·. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the content of H2O2, were analyzed after treated with different concentration of exogenous OH·. The results indicated that, the content of H2O2 was decreased, the activities of SOD and CAT were also changed.


Based on analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water filling factors of Huangling No.1 mine,it is considered that sandstone aquifer of the lower Zhilo Formation is main water source for water inflow(inrush) of No.2 coal seam roof.A comparative analysis of the heights of caving zone and fractured zone("two zones" for short) by empirical formula and measured value,we conclude that the empirical formula disagree with the mining practice in this area,and determine the caving/mining height and fractured/mining height is 5.7 and 25.2,respectively,for this area.With the ratio of fractured/mining 32,partitioning prediction of the risk of roof water inflow(inrush) at coal seam No.2 in the north centre of the mine field is completed to provide basis for mine water hazard control.


Currently the network fascinates college students with its special enchantment.While the network offers service to college students in their daily studies and life,it also causes some college students to abandon themselves to it.The present author attempts to explore into the reasons why some college students abandon themselves to the network,including the defects of their personality development,their poor psychological quality and immature mental power,the effect of following others' example as well as social and cultural factors.Meanwhile,the present authors has come up with corresponding countermeasures,namely,promoting the educational ability on the side of the educational mainstay,setting up the good platform for educational communication,strengthening the education of psychological health,setting up the websites fit for the development of college students' mental power,racing to control the network space,strengthening the construction of campus culture,producing good atmosphere for campus culture,building up "green network bar" on the campus and effectively controlling the students' access to the internet.


Strategic emerging industries (SEIs) are an important industrial policy to promote innovation, develop advanced manufacturing, and upgrade the economy in China. The research explores the impact of SEIs on urban economic growth in mainland China, from agglomeration externalities and network externalities. The results show that SEIs have a significant impact on growth, and network externalities are generally more important than agglomeration externalities. Although the agglomeration of large-scale listed enterprises in the city promotes growth, too many large enterprises in the cluster, that is, the lack of small and medium-sized supporting enterprises, will harm urban growth. Meanwhile, a city with a higher degree of centrality has a larger GDP, but the strength has a negative impact.


This paper describes the construction of a sal icylate tubular potent iometric detector for f low injection analysis (FIA) i n which the PVC membrane is applied directly over a conducting support consisting of a mixture of an epoxy resin and graphite. The main working characteristics of this device are presented and i ts behaviour compared with a similarlyconstructed, conventionally-s haped electrode. Reference i s made to i ts use in the determination of the primary ion or the acetylsal icyl ic acid in pharmaceutical preparations (af ter hydrolysis); the results thus obtained are compared to those provided by the British Pharmacopaeia (B.P.) method.


This paper draws on research in which 200 children were fitted with motion sensors and asked to keep travel and activity diaries. The findings show that walking and playing away from home can contribute significantly to children's volume of physical activity, with consequent implications for their health. Not only do both playing and walking provide high levels of physical activity, they are linked to other behaviours which further augment the level of physical activity. Children who walk rather than use the car tend to be generally more active than other children, and children tend to be more active when they are out of their homes than when they are in them. The findings are placed in the context of other research about children's travel and physical activity, and conclusions drawn about the need to reverse current trends in children's patterns of travel and physical activity.


This study was conducted with the major thrust of assessing the impact of A1 resettlement scheme on natural resources utilization and management in Ruchanyu. Ruchanyu A1 resettlement scheme was established in 1992 through compulsory acquisition of land with compensation where the government acquired Otina and Pontevie to settle 80 families in four villages. During this time the district was stricken by severe droughts. As a result settlers turn to exploit the natural environment for survival through illegal good panning and wildlife poaching. Human and livestock population increased alarmingly. The researcher reviewed literature on background to land reform in Zimbabwe,A1 resettlement scheme, challenges faced by resulted farmers and their impacts to natural resources and weakness of available legal instruments on natural resources in Zimbabwe. The researcher made of qualitative and quantitative research design where questionnaire, interviews and direct participant observation were used a primary research tools. Sample random sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used to select respondents. Researchon the state of natural resources revealed that human and livestock population increases significantly, extensive areas of thorn and bush forest, massive pit and gulley erosion, siltation and water pollutionby activities of illegal gold panning, reluctant enforcement mechanism and stiff completion for grazing land amongst the four villages. Perceptions of small holder farmers as to how to improve the state of natural resources points to the need to include village chairmen on traditional leaders pay-role, resuscitation on VIDCOs, extension of remunerations to EMA subcommittees, establishment of village grazing units in communal grazing land among others.


FIELD: instrument making. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of screen rotation control according to user request. Terminal for support of screen rotation control includes sensor unit with sensor determining horizontal position of terminal and sensor for collection of data on terminal angular speed, controller for ensuring horizontal position of terminal based on information from sensors and for confirming turned position or position change while terminal rotation in the appropriate horizontal position, when the terminal is arranged in horizontal position and a display unit for outputting a screen with different direction of output according to the turned position or position change during terminal rotation. EFFECT: technical result widens the range of operating rotation of terminal screen. 14 cl, 7 dwg


Abstract: Ecological and economic data are essential to the identification of tropical nontimber forest products with the potential for sustainable and profitable extraction in a managed system. We studied the demographic effect and economic returns of harvesting aromatic gaharu wood from fungus‐infected trees of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. at Gunung Palung National Park, Indonesia, to evaluate the management potential of gaharu wood. Aquilaria malaccensis trees openface> 20 cm in diameter occurred at low preharvest densities (0.16–0.32 ha) but were distributed across five of six forest types surveyed. During a recent harvest, 75% of trees were felled, with harvest intensities ranging from 50% to 100% among forest types. Overall, 50% of trees contained gaharu wood, but trees at higher elevations contained gaharu wood more frequently ( 73%) than trees at lower elevation (27%). The mean density of regeneration ( juveniles> 15 cm in height) near adult trees (3–7 m away) was 0.2/m2, 200 times greater than at random in the forest (10/ha), but long‐term data on growth and survivorship are needed to determine whether regeneration is sufficient for population recovery. Gaharu wood extraction from Gunung Palung was very profitable for collectors, generating an estimated gross financial return per day of US $8.80, triple the mean village wage. Yet, the estimated sustainable harvest of gaharu wood at natural tree densities generates a mean net present value of only $10.83/ha, much lower than that of commercial timber harvesting, the dominant forest use in Kalimantan. Returns per unit area could be improved substantially, however, by implementing known silvicultural methods to increase tree densities, increase the proportion of trees that produce gaharu wood, and shorten the time interval between successive harvests. The economic potential of gaharu wood is unusual among nontimber forest products and justifies experimental trials to develop small‐scale cultivation methods.


Implications of two concepts of asymmetry—deepness and steepness—are investigated for autoregressive processes with a Markov-switching intercept. The formulas for the skewness of these processes and the skewness of the first differences of these processes are derived. The parameter restrictions leading to nondeepness and nonsteepness are presented for the special case of a first-order autoregression and two states. It is shown that these restrictions imply that previous tests for asymmetries in autoregressive processes with a Markov-switching intercept can lead to wrong conclusions. In an empirical application of the developed tests, the U.S. unemployment rate is found to be steep.


Mosí work 00 acquisihionof lexical meaningjo deve¡opmental psycholinguisticsis based 00 thc ideaof <he relevanceof <he aduit model,which is generallydescribedin relation Lo certain theoreticalsemantieanalyses.Up Lo Ihe present,aduit behavioritself has nol becoexaminedandlis validiry as a model for children hasbecotaken for granted.This paperaoalyzesIhe knowledgeof spatial terms, namelydimensional terms, shownby a groupof 20 adults. Ihe resultsshow thaI <he adult subjectsusedjo our studysupposedly linguistically competenícommitted crrors, significantly varying Iheir stra<egiesfor naming dimensionsfrom onecase<o another,andshowing a lack of consistencybetween them. The results arediscussedjo termsof assumedtheoreticalvalidity with regardto theo,-eticalseman<icanalysis,as well as themcthodsof researchaboutthe acquisitionof lexical meaníng.


Foreword by John R. Jordan . Preface. To the Reader. 1. Suicide and the Bereaved. 2. Suicide Around the World. 3. After the Suicide. 4. Common Grief and Crisis Reactions. 5. The Unique Aspects of Reactions to Suicide. 6. Children and Young People Bereaved by Suicide. 7. Coping on the Road Ahead. 8. Support from Social Networks. 9. Support from Other Bereaved: Peer Support. 10. The Role of Professionals. 11. Grief, Growth and Development. 12. Why Suicide? Endnotes.


This study, paying an attention to the similarity between deotboegi hapdongmu dress, used by namsadang, and seungmu dress with strong Buddhistic...


The Indonesian state is firm against perpetrators of criminal acts of terrorism. Many perpetrators have been sentenced to death. Terrorism continues to be a threat that can occur at any time. The purpose of this study is to describe the basic concepts of law enforcement, examine law enforcement against criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia, and analyze the problems and solutions of law enforcement going forward. This research uses a normative approach. Data were analyzed and presented qualitatively. The results showed that law enforcement is the implementation of applicable law. Without the enforcement of the law of justice, certainty and usefulness which are the objectives of the law will not be achieved. Laws with weak implementation will be distant and isolated from society. Law enforcement against terrorism in Indonesia refers to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2003 concerning the Eradication of Terrorism Crimes. The legal policy to eradicate terrorism is intended as a long-term policy and anticipatory measure. Law enforcement against terrorism is carried out through formal and formal channels. Formal path with the Criminal Justice System. The informal route is through a de-radicalization program. The absence of legal instruments to ensnare the spread of radical teachings is an obstacle. Ideally, the de-radicalization design should be carried out through four approaches, namely reduction, rehabilitation, resocialization,and reintegration.Keywords: law enforcement, terrorism, Indonesia, deradicalization


The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the ways women with physical disabilities shape their identities and manage (i.e., cope or come to terms with) their disabilities while living in an able-bodyist culture. Particular emphasis was placed on how these women, all of whom were participating in sport or exercise, used physical activity in the management process. In-depth interviews were conducted with 34 women who had physical mobility disabilities. Findings indicated three different approaches to managing disability via physical activity: (a) management by minimizing the significance of the body, (b) management by normalization of the body, and (c) management by optimizing mind-body functioning. They also indicated that having a disability does not preclude positive physical and global self-perceptions. The implications of these findings for sport and society are discussed.


X-ray computed tomography (CT) enables the visualisation and dimensional evaluation of both the internal and external geometry of a workpiece, it is therefore well suited for measuring geometric features that are otherwise inaccessible to tactile and optical instruments. Beam hardening is a wellknown physical process that can degrade the quality of CT images and influence edge detection algorithms that define surface points used for dimensional evaluation. The influence of beam hardening on dimensional measurements has yet to be fully characterised; in this work a comparison is made between measurements evaluated with and without beam hardening correction. The results show beam hardening reduces internal dimensions and increases external dimensions; this effect is shown for two different surface determination methods in the absence of scattered radiation.


Pedestrians walking past a tent pitched on a busy street corner in Mexico City during January of 1929 would have seen a sign prominently posted over the tent's doorway inviting them to "Enter for Free." If they accepted mis invitation and entered the tent, they would have found small black-and-white woodcut prints by many different artists, pinned to the canvas interior in rows, mounted and unframed.


An area containing unsaturated fractured tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is one of the potential sites for geologic storage of high-level radioactive waste. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40 CFR 191 Regulation limits the cumulative releases of many radionuclides from the repository to the accessible environment for 10,000 years after disposal [1]. Numerical models can be used to determine if the EPA containment requirement is met. In this paper a preliminary set of transport calculations for uranium and technetium is discussed. First, a foundation for the calculations, a comprehensive, referenced geochemical/geophysical model containing the current stratigraphic, petrologic, hydrogeologic, geochemical, and material data for the Yucca Mountain site was compiled. Second, the integrated transport of uranium and technetium from the repository to the water table was modeled. An expected-case flow scenario and a worse-case flow scenario were used in the calculations. The sorption of technetium was neglected in the worse-case scenario. Results show that in the case of uranium, the estimated transport was only moderately sensitive to the magnitude of the flow because sorption had a significant effect on the retardation. In the case of technetium, when sorption was neglected, the flow dominated the transport. The EPA containment requirements were metmore » for all cases. These preliminary calculations will be used as a basis to investigate the effects of physical and geochemical processes on the long-term transport of radionuclides at Yucca Mountain. 18 references, 4 figures, 3 tables.« less


Metrics for determining the stability- and performance-robustness of a given controller to variations in open-loop dynamics are examined. Of particular interest are the probability distributions that these metrics have given some amount of uncertainty in the plant. The analysis herein characterizes these distributions using frequency response data collected experimentally for the open-loop plant. In doing so, it avoids using a model for the plant, thereby reducing errors and uncertainty inherent to the modeling of a plant. For a proposed controller, a Monte-Carlo method is used to evaluate the closed-loop performance and stability metrics for a large ensemble of test data and thus create an estimate of their distributions. Since ensembles of test data are typically quite small, a Karhunen-Loeve expansion based method is used to synthetically expand the set of FRFs.


A large number of plane-wave holograms were recorded in Agfa-Gevaert 8E75HD holographic plates, at a wide range of bias exposures and fringe visibilities. The plates were processed by various combinations of developers (AAC, Pyrogallol and Catechol) and bleaching agents (R-9 and EDTA). The phase gratings were studied by phase-contrast microscopy, using a high-power immersion (100 X) objective. The phase contrast photomicrographs were Fourier-analyzed. Thus first- second- and third-order modulation of the refractive index as a function of the bias exposure and the visibility of the recording interference pattern could be determined. The ratio of the amplitudes of the higher-order modulations to that of the first-order one can serve as a measure of the nonlinearity of the holographic recording.


A rechargeable lithium battery has a positive electrode containing hexagonal-structured lithium molybdenum oxide as an active material. The lithium molybdenum oxide, on charge and discharge, is represented by the formula LiM, Mo.O., where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Nb, X satisfies the relationship 0.7 sxs2.2 and can be varied within this range by Storage and release of lithium ions during charge and discharge, and y Satisfies the rela tionship 0<ys 0.50.


Analytical expressions for the transition polarisabilities between any two s states for hydrogenic systems have been derived. Results are used to discuss the possibility of observing experimentally the spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering from the metastable 2s state of hydrogen.


Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of lactose-free diet on rotavirus enteritis of infants.Methods:84 infants with rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into control group and observation group,which were selected from pediatrics of Yizheng People's Hospital during October 2008 to December 2010.The control group containing 42 cases was treated with antiviral drugs,correction of water-electrolyte and acid-base imbalance,and on routine diet,while the observation group with 42 cases was treated with the same protocol except on lactose-free diet.Results:The significant difference was found between the two groups in treating vomit,diarrhea and intravenous transfusion and duration of diarrhea as well.For the observation group,the total effective rate was 97.61%,while for control group of 80.95%.Two groups of comparisons difference had statistical significance(χ2=4.48,P0.05);The observation group in check vomiting,diarrhea,dehydration correct time check and diarrhea total duration than control group significance shortened,two groups had statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion:Lactose-free diet is useful and effective for infantile rotavirus enteritis.It can relieve the symptoms and reduce the course of the disease.


We develop a method for constraining the level of non-Gaussianity of density perturbations when the three-point function is of the 'equilateral' type. Departures from Gaussianity of this form are produced by single field models such as ghost or Dirac–Born–Infeld inflation and in general by the presence of higher order derivative operators in the effective Lagrangian of the inflaton. We show that the induced shape of the three-point function can be very well approximated by a factorizable form, making the analysis practical. We also show that, unless one has a full sky map with uniform noise, in order to saturate the Cramer–Rao bound for the error on the amplitude of the three-point function, the estimator must contain a piece that is linear in the data. We apply our technique to the WMAP data obtaining a constraint on the amplitude fNLequil of 'equilateral' non-Gaussianity: −366 < fNLequil < 238 at 95% C.L. We also apply our technique to constrain the so-called 'local' shape, which is predicted for example by the curvaton and variable decay width models. We show that the inclusion of the linear piece in the estimator improves the constraint over those obtained by the WMAP team, to −27 < fNLlocal < 121 at 95% C.L.


The nonlinear corrections to the Schrodinger equation based on the results of geometric quantum mechanics (GQM) are derived. Such theory derives quantum mechanics from the underlying Weyl space‐time geometry associated with the classical ensemble of particle paths given by the solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation.


There is an incessant need to provide sustainable livelihood and gainful employment to the rural masses through developmental research, effective use of regional resources, expansion of suitable technologies and skill development. This is doable through support of community participation through Village Cluster or Group Approach, called 'VCA' or 'VGA'. Typically, a cluster is a contiguous group of 12–15 village Panchayats comprising of 5000 to 6000 poor families. Here, farmers in a cluster of villages are goaded to take part in holistic development for livelihood opportunities through resource conservation based on interventions involving multidisciplines. The cluster approach has the basic elements of mutual trust building with all the stakeholders, solving common felt needs, formulation and execution of action plan through participatory approach involving all the stakeholders. Innovative approaches like contract farming, FFS and other participatory mode help farmers to enhance their income. Although additional costs may occur due to human resources and backward integration operations, yet that could be covered in long run. Therefore, village cluster approach with resource conservation has a key role in enhancing farm income and upliftment of rural masses that will in turn help enhancing overall productivity and resource use efficiency. Applications of cluster approach through resource conservation finds place in seed village, integrated pest (resistance) management, farm mechanization, higher efficiency in share of common resources (land and water) and watershed development, organic farming, precision farming, reduced cost of cultivation, increased margins through higher production efficiency, risk & uncertainty avoidance, agro-services and entrepreneurship, effective integration with other institutions (banks) for mutual benefits, logistic arrangement, capacity building and skill development. Various case studies involving village cluster approach for enhancing farm income through resource conservation such as crop revolution in Punjab, BAIF programme for sustainable development, Tamil Nadu precision farming project, Periyar PURA (Provision of urban amenities in rural areas), summer moongbean farming in Fatehpur, U.P. and Project Siruthuli (revitalizing water bodies) are discussed.


In addition to the appearance of a functionally multi-connected model of the object under study, we observe another feature: the SARS-CoV-2 virus penetrates into the cell for a short time, after replication, from the infected cell penetrates into a neighboring cell. And the peculiarity lies in the fact that the replication of the virus penetrates into a neighboring cell along the path of direct contact. Observation and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in various environments and tissues of the body indicates that the virus is able to overcome cellular barriers, as mentioned above, without passing through the receptor channels known to us.


In this paper, we develop a simple model in which trading volume contains information about future stock returns. Specifically, our model explains why high trading volume is observed when a firm announces earnings news and how trading volume can be related to the initial underreaction of the stock price. Our model has a clear testable implication that high abnormal trading volume predicts a stronger drift. We test our model's implication and find strong evidence for the model in the case of positive news. Weaker evidence is found in the case of negative news. We also discuss possible explanations for the asymmetric informativeness of trading volume.