This article discusses the twin notions of devolution of power and the democratic developmental state project in Zimbabwe. It argues that like Siamese twins, the two notions are organically connected both in theory and practice. They share key principles such as 'socially inclusive development', 'democracy with social content', 'public accountability', 'citizen ownership', and 'effective leadership' among others. The paper explores various ways through which the devolution of power can facilitate the construction of a democratic developmental state in Zimbabwe. While canonised and etched in the memory of the National Constitution that was birthed on the 22nd of May 2013, devolution has remained a platonic theory without content and substance. Similarly, despite being stated as the vision of the country in the Mid-Term Plan of Government of Zimbabwe (2011-2015) the democratic developmental state is not mentioned in the most current economic blueprint, the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable, Social, and Economic Transformation (ZimAsset). This raises the questions of government's commitment to both devolution and democratic developmental state projects in that country. The paper argues however that by promoting a responsive and accountable political leadership, enhancing democratic institutions and facilitating transformative economic policies, devolution can support the construction of a democratic developmental Zimbabwean state.


PVC/ABS alloy was a class of blends which was made of two kinds of resin by blending technology.PVC/ABS alloy had PVC unique flame self-extinguishing properties,chemical resistance,and had ABS heat-resistant,impact resistance and easy processing performance.The research status of the PVC/ABS alloy at home and abroad was introduced.In addition,the processing application of the PVC/ABS alloy was summarized.Furthermore,the production process route of the PVC/ABS alloy synthesized by blending copolymerization method was analyzed.


Abstract In this paper, I argue that we should not ascribe beliefs and desires to subjects like zombies or (present day) computers which do not have phenomenal consciousness. In order to ascribe beliefs, we must distinguish between personal and subpersonal content. There may be states in my brain which represent the array of light intensities on my retina, but these states are not beliefs, because they are merely subpersonal. I argue that we cannot distinguish between personal and subpersonal content without reference to phenomenal consciousness. I argue for this by examining two attempts to account for belief without reference to phenomenal consciousness, functionalism and Dennett's patterns of behavior theory, and showing that they both fail. In the course of the arguments that these attempts fail, I develop some positive reasons for believing that phenomenal consciousness is indeed necessary.


Objective To study the relation between CT angiography maximal intensity projection(CTA-MIP)reconstruction-based collateral circulation score and final infarction volume in patients with acute cerebral infarction due to MCA occlusion.Methods Clinical data abut 115patients with acute cerebral infarction due to MCA occlusion were retrospectively analyzed.Their collateral circulation was scored according to the CTA-MIP and their final infarction volume was measured for 3-6months.Relation between collateral circulation and clinical outcome in the patients was analyzed by multivariate regression analysis.Results The collateral circulation was scored 0,1,2and 3respectively,in 7,25,43and 40out of the 115patients.The 90dmRS score was≤2in 57patients who had a good clinical outcome and 2in 58patients who had a poor clinical outcome.The established model with different variables was significantly related with the final infarction volume(r=0.993,P0.01).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the collateral circulation was an independent predictor for the final infarction volume(P=0.003).Treatment modality and recanalization could not predict the final infarction volume.Conclusion CTA should be included in imaging assessment of early ischemic stroke in order to obtain the collateral circulation information for the clinical treatment of acute cerebral infarction.


The annual graduation design in universities is the final cultivation process of the comprehensive professional competencies for undergraduates before they end their college career, and is also an important component in the tasks of undergraduate education. Teaching effect of graduation design on one hand depends on the foundation and application ability of professional knowledge of each student, and also depends on the psychological identity on advisor and the topic chosen from the student point of view on the other hand. In this paper, undergraduates who have all finished their graduation design in Department of Electronic and Information Engineering in Independent College T from the year 2017 to 2019 have been set as study objects, by deeply investigating students' attitudes toward advisors and topics chosen from questionnaire survey, and by analyzing the grade point averages (GPA) of students, the relationship between psychological identity on advisor as well as topic chosen and the teaching effect of graduation design for each student has been found out, and related reform strategies on teaching methods has been discussed.


The paper suggests reasons for thinking that there can be a new dialogue between psychotherapy and Judaeo-Christian religion. An evolving and reciprocal series of self images and God images is traced through the pages of the Bible. Case material is advanced to illustrate the power of God images to maintain a rigid defensive system, and the way these images can develop in more benign ways – with corresponding change to our self image – as the defensive structure is modified. The paper concludes by suggesting that a God image may be the only safe container for our longing for perfection, so long as our attitude towards it is one of worship rather than identification.


In her famed poem "Sacred Emily," penned in 1913, Gertrude Stein claimed, "A rose is a rose is a rose."1 The verse has since sparked legendary appropriation—ranging from Margaret Thatcher's "a crime is a crime is a crime" quip in 1981, referring to the actions of IRA affiliates, to Ernest Hemingway's satirical stab at French editors, "a stone is a stein is a rock is a boulder is a pebble,"2 and to D. A. Carson's claim that "an aorist is an aorist is an aorist."3 The saying has become inculcated as cultural idiom for claiming that things are what they are, or, as with the aorist, that however diverse the pragmatic function, the semantics of the inflection remain constant. The aim of this paper is to investigate the function of conditional clauses with an indicative in the protasis in John's Gospel, and to see if, after all, "a conditional is a conditional is a conditional." We will stay our answer until the end of this essay, while tracing the two categories of time and reality. What is a conditional?4 Defining words properly is indeed a fine and peculiar craft.5 C. F. D. Moule states that "[t]he general formula 'Given


The competition has increased with the establishment of the new banks and the credit institutes taking on the market, the big banks are no longer alone on the market.In speed with the increased ran ...


An innovative Active Laser Imaging (ALI) vision system is presented. We report the experimental data of a short range ALI able to achieve range measurements and to recognize people up to 5 km away, according to Johnson's criterion. We also report the simulation data of a long range ALI working in excess of 10 km. The ALI uses a laser to illuminate an area and a telescope to collect the scattered light into an InGaAs camera. The laser has been developed internally; it is an eye safe class I pulsed laser operating at about 1.5 μm; its divergence and direction are changed according to the scene and environmental conditions. The ALI can be used in active mode, with the laser on, or in passive mode using external short wave infrared (SWIR) illumination sources. The data collected by the ALI and a thermal IR camera show the ability of ALI to look across glasses and to read writings and the impossibility of thermal IR camera to do the same. We describe the software models developed to emulate the ALI, the scenes, and the environmental conditions. The models have been validated by experimental data and used to design the ALI.


West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely spread emerging neurotropic flaviviruses. It is found in Asia, Africa and Europe and is closely related to Japanese encephalitis (JE), Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) and Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses. Recently, this virus received world attention due to epidemic outbreaks in the new world, including USA, Europe and Russia associated with some 10% mortality on each occasion. Although pathogenesis of WNV encephalitis has been studied to some extent, still very little is known. Such studies have used neonatal or young mice as a model. These do not accurately reflect the pathogenesis of disease in adult mice due to immaturity of the immune system which facilitates severe encephalitis. Therefore, an adult model using a systemic route of WNV inoculation was developed in this project to understand better the mechanisms of pathogenesis of WNV encephalitis. This model exhibits similar histopathological and clinical features of human disease. Since IFN -y is critical for resolution of many viral infections, its role in WNV encephalitis was investigated using IFN-y-deficient (B6.IFN-y-/-) mice compared to the corresponding wildtype (B6.WT) mice. Survival studies after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation (i.p. model) showed that more than twice the number of B6.IFN-y-/mice survived compared to B6.WT mice. Upon rechallenged with a 50-fold higher dose of WNV surviving mice were completely protected. Using immunoperoxidase labelling and plaque assay techniques, WNV antigen (Ag) was detected from day 6 post infection (p.i.) in the brain but was undetectable after day 11 p.i. Replicating WNV was only detectable between day 6 and 10 p.i. in both groups. The maximum virus titres were 2.23 log10 pfu/gm in B6.WT and 2.22 log10 pfu/gm in B6.IFN-y-/mice on day 8 p.i. WNV Ag was confined to the neurones and their dendrites. The kinetics of infection of WNV was similar in both groups, however, twice the number of B6.IFN-y-/brains showed neuronal infection from day 6-11 (p.i.). There was no significant difference in the number of infected neurones and the virus titres between the groups. Leukocyte migration into the CNS is a hallmark feature of viral encephalitis. Using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining in paraffin sections, infiltration of leukocytes


Hyperspectral imaging as an instrument for obtaining a wide range of information on the world around us is a fast developing area of modern technology. In such systems, the desired information is obtained via the processing of stored spectral information of a measured scene. One of the main advantages of hyperspectral imaging over conventional imaging methods is the use of a broad spectral range, which is not restricted to just the visible range but can extend to adjacent regions and further, for example, deeply into the infrared region. The main element in such hyperspectral systems is the spectral separating system, which can be based on a wide variety of spectral dependent physical processes - birefringence, refraction, diffraction, etc. In this contribution, we would like to present the design and fabrication process of such a spectral separating system based on diffraction grating. The main requirements for this system were - operation in the long-wavelength infrared region (LWIR, 7-14 um), the highest possible diffraction efficiency in this spectral region with respect to the black body radiation of a temperature of 350 K, and the avoidance of restrictions inherent to fabrication. The design was carried out with the use of Scalar theory of transmission gratings, which is based on the idea of thin grating. The obtained results were compared to the designs produced via the Rigorous coupled wave theory (RCWA) and Finite Element Method (FEM). Fabrication of the designed grating was done in germanium with the use of single-point diamond turning.


A multivariate extension of AID is presented for use in market segmentation studies where the criterion consists of multiple measures of behavioral response. The procedure is illustrated with an example employing several measures of long distance telephone expenditures.


A multicenter, prospective, pla cebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted to investigate the effi cacy of intravenous infusion therapy with pentoxifylline over fourteen days in patients suffering from angio graphically confirmed chronic pe ripheral occlusive arterial disease, Fontaine stage II, with at least a six- month history. After a washout phase of one week, the patients received in accordance with a randomization scheme either an i.v. infusion of 300 mg of pentoxifylline (15 mL am poules) or 15 mL of a 0.9% NaCl so lution in 250 mL of 5% laevulose, administered over three hours twice daily. The main efficacy parameters were treadmill-assessed initial claudi cation distance (ICD) and absolute claudication distance (ACD). Base line testing revealed a mean ICD of 131 m in the pentoxifylline group and 126 m in the placebo cohort; mean ACD values were 239 m and 225 m respectively. The group of patients treated with pentoxifylline (n=75) displayed a significantly greater im provement (p < 0.0001) in ICD (+70%) and ACD (+60%) than the placebo group did (+33% and 32%, respectively) (n=79). The infusions were well tolerated in both groups.


Suppose $Ax = k$ is a system of linear equations where the matrix A is obtained from a finite difference approximation to an elliptic boundary value problem.This paper gives a bound for the norm of $\varepsilon _n = x - x_n $ in terms of the norms of $\delta _n = x_n - x_{n - 1} $ and $\delta _{n + 1} = x_{n + 1} - x_n $ and their inner product, where $x_n $ is the nth iteration vector obtained using the successive overrelaxation method.


toma usually sustains a severe head injury with contusion of the cerebrum as well as bleeding into the subdural space. The symptoms of this type of hematoma occur immediately after the injury. This report describes a patient whose injury occurred from being hit by a basketball which rebounded off the metal rim. The blow resulted in acute subdural hematoma and subsequent aphasia and homonymous hemianopsia.


In this paper, we extend the Romer90 model by introducing an embodied technological change and by removing the scale effects. We show that this model can still generate steady state growth in which the embodied technical change has an positive and permanent effect on growth in the long-run.


The purpose of this study was to describe the demographic and employment characteristics of Australian occupational therapists working in youth mental health and explore the relationship between these characteristics and the occupational therapist's role. Sixty-three occupational therapists completed a postal survey during 2006–2007. Numerical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The majority (86%) of participants were female, with a mean age of 31.8 years. Over half of the participants were employed as occupational therapists (60%). While most participants reported less than five years experience working with young people (92.5%), thirty-nine participants (61.9%) expressed optimism about the future of occupational therapy in youth mental health. Factors such as funding, staff retention, support, training, and attitudes surrounding professional roles were identified as barriers to role expansion. Occupational therapists work in a range of mental health settings that provide services to young people. Data suggest that occupational therapists are optimistic about working in this field; however, they have limited resources to guide their practice and assist in developing and maintaining professional identity. Study data reveal a need to overcome the funding and professional barriers that currently affect the role of the occupational therapist in youth mental health. Expansion of the occupational therapist's role in youth mental health would be advantageous to both the profession of occupational therapy and the multidisciplinary team.


FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention proposes using aryl(or heteroaryl)azolylcarbinol of the general formula (I) wherein Ar means possibly substituted phenyl or thienyl; R means hydrogen atom or alkyl; R 2 means dialkylaminoalkyl or azaheterocyclylalkyl; Het means unsubstituted azol of substituted with one or two substitutes, and their salts. Proposed derivatives can be used as an agent for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (cough, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma). Proposed compound depresses cough being without sedative effect. EFFECT: valuable medicinal properties of compounds. 4 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex


Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice with remarkable mechanical, electrical and optical properties. For the first time graphene layers suspended on copper meshes were installed into a gas detector equipped with a gaseous electron multiplier. Measurements of low energy electron and ion transfer through graphene were conducted. In this paper we describe the sample preparation for suspended graphene layers, the testing procedures and we discuss the preliminary results followed by a prospect of further applications.


THE Secretary of State has set out the next stage in the Bovine TB Eradication Programme for England. On December 14, 2011, she announced in the House of Commons that Defra will go ahead with a pilot of a badger control policy in two areas next year. These pilots are in response to concerns raised in previous consultations and will test our assumptions on the effectiveness, humaneness and safety of controlled shooting. The pilots will be overseen and evaluated by an independent panel of experts.

We do not yet know where the pilots will take place, other than they will be situated in areas of high bovine TB incidence, subject to annual routine testing. Prospective areas will be put forward by the farming industry and Defra …


This paper presents the technical and technological concept behind a personal mobile navigation. and it describes the situation and problem which the system must be confronted with. Then introduce the mobile agent technology into the system with its concept and feature. Later we put the personal mobile navigation design proposal forward smoothly which is based on mobile agent technology. This design proposal integrates with wireless subscriber system,mobile agent technology,Web Services and other core technology. We adopt the train of thought of structural component and UDDI manages the register of Agent system. This scheme has a better structure and extension. Finally the paper sums up the main advantages of the scheme and considers the ubiquitous computing model as the mobile service development tendency.


The thesis presents the results of the studies on the coccidian parasites of the genus Eimeria occurring in Broiler chicken, (Gallus gallus) in Aurangabad district of Marathwada region. The investigation showed extensive prevalence of coccidia in broiler chicken in this area. Broiler chicken shows variations in prevalence of coccidian infection throughout the year. The results are presented in three parts.


By a suitable choice of model parameters and port variables, it is possible to convert the one-π lumped model of transistors to a form which consists of parameters that are all measurable. The algebraic manipulation is much simplified when applied to circuit problems, and an intuitive understanding of the device action is still possible.


A new CMOS four-quadrant analog multiplier is proposed and analyzed. By applying differential input signals to a set of combiners, the multiplication function can be implemented. Based on the proposed new combiner circuit, a low-voltage high-performance CMOS four-quadrant analog multiplier is designed and fabricated by 0.8 /spl mu/m N-well double-poly-double-metal CMOS technology. Experimental results have shown that, under single 1.2 V supply voltage, the circuit has 0.89% linearity error and 1.1% total harmonic distortion under the maximum-scale input 500 mV/sub p.p/ at both inputs. The measured -3 dB bandwidth is 2.2 MHz and the power dissipation is 2.8 mW. The input bandwidth of the multiplier can be designed to reach the GHz range. Simple structure, low-voltage low-power capability, and high performance make the proposed multiplier quite feasible in many applications.


BLM helicase facilitates telomere replication by resolving G-quadruplex structures that can form in the G-rich repeats during leading strand synthesis.


Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and risperidone in the treatment of adolescent patients with first episode schizophrenia.Methods 69 cases of adolescent patients with first episod schizophrenia were randomly divided into the aripiprazole group and the risperidone group,33 cases received aripiprazole while 36 cases received risperidone were treated for 8 weeks.The positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate the severity and the improvement of mental symptoms.The treatment emergent side effect scale(TESS)and laboratory tests were used to assess the adverse effects.Results Effects of both groups were similar after 8 weeks.But there was significant difference between the two groups in extrapyramidal side effects(EPS),and aripiprazole group showed less EPS than risperidone group(P0.01).Conclusions Aripiprazole is as effective and safe as risperidone in the treatment of adolescent patients with first episode schizophrenia,but aripiprazole showed less EPS than risperidone.


An abortus with a primary trisomy 21 cell line and a cell line with a translocation between a chromosome 2 and two No. 21's is described. Both parents were chromosomally normal. Some implications of the interchange are discussed.


Objective: To determine the frequency of two transcripts of BCR-ABL 1 fusion gene (P210 & P190) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from December 2012 to January 2014. Methodology: 147 diagnosed patients of CML and ALL were subjected to real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. For PCR,2-3ml of venous blood in EDTA was collected .RNA extraction was done by Trizol Reagent LS (MRC, USA) and cDNA was synthesized using reverse transcriptase and gene specific primer. Real time- PCR was done on ABI-7500.The positive samples were identified when fluorescence exceeded threshold limit. Results: Out of 147 samples, 85 were with diagnosis of CML. All of them (100%) showed P210. 58 patients had diagnosis of ALL. Out of these BCR-ABL1 is detected in 11(18.9%) patients. 9(81.8%) expressed P190 whereas P210 was present in 2(18.1%) patients. 4 patients in lymphoid blast phase of CML were identified. 3(75%) of them had PP210 and 1(25%) shows both (P190 & P210) the transcripts. Conclusion: All CML patients expressed P210 transcript whereas ALL patients mostly showed P190. These transcripts expressing specific tyrosine kinase protein have diagnostic as well prognostic significance.


the temperature field of copper foil with femtosecond laser pulse based on the two temperature model is numerically calculated to analyze the temperature field in metal and its influencing factors. The evolution rules of the electron and lattice temperature with time and depth are studied with a laser pulse width from 100 to 800 fs and a laser pulse energy density from 509. 30 to 2 546. 48 J / m2. Results show that the electron temperature peaks in 10- 13 s while the lattice temperature remains constant with a thermal equilibrium of the two achieved in several picoseconds. A shorter laser pulse width leads to faster electron temperature rise,higher peak temperature and shorter electronic and lattice coupling. And a higher laser energy density results in faster electron temperature rise,higher peak temperature but longer electronic and lattice coupling time.


In this paper, the participation of the PBG research team in the NTCIR-13 Lifelog LAT, LSAT, and LEST tasks is described. In common with these three subtasks, our team focuses on both images and locations and analyzes them with visual and location indexing methods. The results obtained demonstrated outstanding performance, and we clarified effective features for solving lifelog tasks.


Aerial view of Kibworth Harcourt, 1947 List of figures List of maps List of tables Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. Kibworth Harcourt: it geography and early history 2. Land and tenants 3. Administration 4. The plagues and their consequences, 1348-1450 5. Kibworth in the early modern period, 1450-1700 6. The open fields and husbandry 7. Village morphology and buildings 8. The economy of the small landholder 9. The size and composition of the peasant household 10. Inheritance strategies Appendices Notes Bibliography Index.


Objective To investigate the stress distribution in various heights of alveolar bone in post crown, and evaluate the hiomeehanism in post crown. Methods By CT scanning, graph digitizing and auto cad software, the three-dimensional finite element entity grid model was built, which was a maxillary central incisor restored with post crown. By simulating the height of alveolar ridge and reducing 1/4 ,1/3 ,1/2 of the height to set up modified model under static loading,the dentin stress was analyzed. Results The stress changes of each part of the interface of teeth and post were similar to those of each part of the teeth,and the value of the stress was larger and closer to the root surface.The stress distribution had an increasing tendency when the height of alveolar decreased and the maximum stress was recorded in the superior one third of the root.The significant concentration of stress occurred in the cervical of the facial. Conclusion The change of alveolar ridge' s height affected the stress change of teeth restored with post crown, and an inverse proportion existed.


This paper presents an analysis of the solutions for a steady state latent heat polynya generatedby an applied wind stress acting over a semi-enclosed channel using: (a) a dynamic–thermodynamicsea ice model, and (b) a steady state flux model. We examine what processes in the seaice model are responsible for the maintenance of the polynya and how sensitive the results areto the choice of rheological parameters. We find that when the ice is driven onshore by anapplied wind stress, a consolidated ice pack forms downwind of a zone of strong convergencein the ice velocities. The build-up of internal stresses within the consolidated ice pack becomesa crucial factor in the formation of this zone and results in a distinct polynya edge. Furthermore, within the ice pack the across-channel ice velocity varies with the across-channel distance. It isdemonstrated that provided this velocity is well represented, the steady state polynya flux modelsolutions are in close agreement with those of the sea ice model. Experiments with the sea icemodel also show that the polynya shape and area are insensitive to (a) the sea ice rheology;(b) the imposition of either free-slip or no-slip boundary conditions. These findings are usedin the development of a simplified model of the consolidated ice pack dynamics, the output ofwhich is then compared with the sea ice model results. Finally, we discuss the relevance of thisstudy for the modelling of the North Water Polynya in northern Baffin Bay.


Summary form only received as follows: The newer generation MR scanner with its higher-performance gradient system and echo-planner capability can control the gradient system very accurately and rapidly. The fast MRI techniques, which are facilitated by the emergence of these new MR systems with enhanced gradients, are essential for the MR imaging of the lung. Fast MR imaging techniques with a very short TE are overcoming the problem of inhomogeneous magnetic susceptibility. In addition, the single-shot fast SE sequence can now depict the lung parenchyma, providing a platform for MR imaging of the lung. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging and arterial spin-labeling methods provide noninvasive pulmonary perfusion imaging. Oxygen-enhanced MR and hyperpolarized noble gas techniques have made MR ventilation imaging feasible. Moreover, combination of these MR ventilation-perfusion MR imaging is extremely important, as gas exchange in the lung can be achieved only when ventilation and perfusion are coordinated each other. MR-based data on pulmonary ventilation and perfusion have to be matched by the order of image pixels. In addition, MR data sets with high spatial and temporal resolution can be analyzed with mathematical models pixel by pixel, yielding important physiological information beyond simple visual image interpretation. Pulmonary function MR imaging may be part of the twenty-first century version of pulmonary function testing. The development and use of these functional techniques provides continuing challenges to researchers in engineering and computer science.


Andradite is a garnet which contains ferric iron and we have studied its behavior by high pressure and high temperature in situ X-ray study. The sample was formed into disk-shape and was compressed in Ar-pressure medium using diamond anvil cell and heated by Nd:YAG laser. After quenching to room temperature, high-pressure in situ X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out at the photon factory BL-13B2. At 19 GPa, andradite decomposed into two (or more) phases; a pressure-unquenchacble cubic perovskite structure phase and a pressure-quenchable phase(s). At 25 and 37 GPa, most of the diffraction lines were explained by a cubic perovskite structure but there were someother unknown diffraction lines, which were also unquenchable on release of pressure.


Pharmacology has risen to a new horizon with its many branches of clinical research and practices. One among these is the field of neuro-psycho-pharmacology. Neuroscience is the study incorporating the brain, nerves and vessels within. The brain is truly an amazing organ with many complex features and interesting feeds, which focus on many areas of expertise such as learning & cognitive developments, motor movements and many other various capabilities, which are yet to be understood. Combining the knowledge acquired through neuroscience, enabled scientists and researchers alike to understand behavioural and molecular aspect studies into one category known as psychology. This then helped scientists and pharmaceutical companies alike to research and develop drugs that could assist in conditions such as chronic depression, anxiety and various other psychotic disorders incapacitating the core cognitive developments of the brain and its associated nerves and blood vessels. This review thereby focuses on the adverse effects caused by excess consumption of certain drugs due to addictive tendencies and how this leads to impairment of cognitive behaviour.


Redistribution reactions were first recognized as a general class of chemical reactions by Calingaert and Beatty,' who studied the exchange of alkyl radicals and halogen atoms in metal alkyls and organometallic halides. Recent review^"^ indicate that the vast majority of redistribution reactions which have been investigated thus far involve exchange of monofunctional substituents. Relatively little attention has been paid to the exchange of polyfunctional substituents, although examples of this type of reaction were reported even prior to the work of Calingaert and Beatty. In 1932 Moore and Young4 found that the concentration of copper in a solution saturated with respect to two P-diketo-compounds, for example, copper acetylacetonate and copper benzoylacetonate, was considerably greater than the sum of the separate solubilities. The increased copper concentration was attributed to formation of a mixed complex via ligand exchange reactions such as


Trial discourse in courtroom is the discourse activity at specific locations in accordance with specific procedures and rules for the results adapting to their own aims and interests achieved by the active and passive discourse participants with different purposes by means of mutual persuasion.Some inspirations and references can be provided for judges to hear a case effectively by understanding the discourse structure in courtroom and its characteristics.


In this paper, we consider the problem of classifying online user-submitted content by usefulness. Rather than classifying comments based on the submitters' sentiments or the overall helpfulness as perceived by the community, the comments are classified as either useful or useless based how much the comment contributes to a discussion. Using comments from an online community, we find that machine learning techniques (Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, and Bayesian networks) can help identify useful comments. In using machine learning techniques, we obtain improvement over the baseline and accuracies that approach that of human annotators.


With the increasing of the size and sophistication of the circuits, and in the presence of the blockage, the old standard-cell oriented placement methods are not working properly. There is a need to consider blockage effect early in the design flow along with standard cells for wirelength minimization purposes. A new wirelength estimation method, having blockage into consideration, is needed to be used in the design flow of large-scale circuits. Using this method, gives us some guidelines where in the chip area to put the blockages. Up to now, wirelength estimation methods either did not consider blockage or estimated wirelength in a flat framework in the presence of blockage which does not work properly for large-scale circuits. Also, for standard cells placement inside the chip area, considering standard cells and their connections are not working any more. We need to consider the effects of blockages parameters such as their place, aspect ratio and area. In this paper, we propose a methodology for hierarchical derivation of wirelength estimation in the presence of blockage. Our experiments show that the proposed method is well-correlated with the real wirelength in the presence of blockage. By accurately estimating the wirelength, we can get some guidelines to determine area, aspect ratio and displacement from the center of the blockage. In order to minimize wirelength for mixed-size benchmarks, we introduce another step, namely placement planning into the placement flow right before doing placement for standard cells. This step denotes how to determine good boxes based on some measures to place standard cells inside them.


Outdoor use in cities has increased considerably with the COVID-19 outbreak. Outdoor use is related to whether the spaces are comfortable or not. The more comfortable the outdoor spaces are in terms of thermals, the more intensive its use. Erzurum city is a winter city and is located in Dsb climate class. It has a very hot and dry climate in summer due to its high altitude, and a very harsh and cold climate in winter. Havuzbaşi City Square, which is one of the most used squares in Erzurum city center, was chosen as the working area and 4 alternatives were prepared with portable landscape designs. Most of the studies are focused on a single season, and both winter (January 2017) and summer (July 2017) seasons were evaluated in this study. In this context; ENVI-met analysis was made for the current situation and 4 different scenarios for both summer and winter months. In the climate analyzes made, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) indexes were evaluated for 14:00, the hottest hour of the day. As a result of the evaluations; It has been revealed that city squares should not only have hard floors, but also green areas and other landscape design elements should be included in the squares. In addition, Alternative 4, which is a collective landscape design area in the middle of the square, gave the best results, reducing the PET value to 1.5 ℃ for January and 1.6 ℃ for July. As a result, thermal comfort increases as green space and landscape design elements are used in today's city squares.


The structure of bureaucracy proposed by Max.Weber adapted to modernization mass production. The great success in western society in 20th asserted irreplaceable role. With the development of modern society, its faults were exposed gradually. But many things included in bureaucracy worth to learn for the design and move-forward of China's executive organization model at the transiting period, such as rational spirits, scientific designing thoughts etc.


Defensive behaviour after failure, such as denial of the responsibility for
 own achievement, reduces person's openness for further learning and
 development and, thus, is undesirable in pedagogical practice. General
 causality orientations success-fully predict defensive behaviours after
 failure. Autonomous causality orientation implies behaviours motivated by
 personal growth and development, while controlling orientation purports
 ego-involved behaviours aimed at proving one's own self-worth. The research
 was conducted with the aim of testing two hypotheses (additive and
 synergistic) about the influence of general causality orientations and their
 combinations on defensive attribution of failure on the exam. After their
 faculty exam, N=158 psychology students answered questions about the expected
 grade and they filled out two questionnaires: Attribution of Success on the
 Test and General Causality Orientation Scale. The results showed that
 internal attribution of success is related to greater expected grade and
 higher autonomous causality orientation. External attribution was
 characteristic for individuals with high controlling causal orientation. It
 was confirmed that general causality orientations can predict the way a
 person perceives academic success. Thus, we give recommendations on how to
 support and encourage autonomous and discourage controlling behaviours of
 students.


Fresh pollen from Citrus tachibana Macf. was oven-dried (37C), freeze-dried, or placed into anhydrous acetone, and stored at -20C over silica gel. Pollen freeze-dried or stored in anhydrous acetone did not germinate 24 hours after treatment; oven-dried pollen germinated in 1 hour and was comparable to fresh pollen. Pollen that was oven-dried for 12 hours and stored for 1 year was used to pollinate amonoembryonic hybrid of Temple' (origin unknown) x Orlando'(C. paradisi Macf. Duncan' × C. reticulata Blanco Dancy') (...)


Secondary accidents usually occur after an accident in a freeway tunnel. To this end, this article proposes an integrated safety early warning system for preventing secondary accidents in tunnels. First, we analyzed key parameters such as the average speed in the tunnel, the interior light sensitivity, and the driver's physiology, and proposed a safety warning model for tunnels. According to the driving rules of tunnels, an efficiency grooming model is proposed to analyze the delay of the traffic in tunnels and determine the best warning. Finally, the Jiulingshan Tunnel was simulated and verified by VISSIM software to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.


We study the temperature and the interaction dependence of Green's function in the attractive Hubbard model using self-consistent T-matrix approximation (SCTMA). It is found that at low temperatures, the spectrum of electrons on the Fermi surface shows a three-peak structure. On the other hand, at high temperatures, the spectrum has only two peaks. We also find that by increasing the electron–electron attraction, the temperature at which the explained three-peak spectrum appears is decreased. These results are partially explained by the static superconducting fluctuation; however, at strong coupling we need to include the effect of dynamical fluctuation. The "preformed pair" scenario of the pseudogap in high- T c superconductors and the validity of SCTMA for the BCS–Bose Einstein condensation crossover problem are discussed.


The paper shows anisotropy effect on the conversion position and evaluate the error introduced in data processing due to neglecting anisotropy.It is demonstrated that the location of the conversion point depends strongly on elastic properties of the media.The paper introduces also the improved equations for calculating the conversion point of the P-SV converted wave(C-wave) in VTI media.The introduced equations for the conversion point are valid for offset about three-times the reflector depth.The equation reveal some addition analytical insights into the converted wave properties.


The article examines the prospects of transhumanist techniques of human enhancements seen through the eyes of Russia's youth. The study is based on field research done in Anadyr, Belgorod, Bratsk, Ekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kyzyl, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Oryol, Yakutsk and other cities of Russia by a team from Moscow University for the Humanities. The research classified respondents into two groups: those somehow linked to the field of human life improvement (majoring in medicine, biology, biotechnology, etc.) vs. those whose professional identity lies outside of this field (history, sociology, economics, management, etc.) Our study showed that both groups held nearly identical views on the prospects of a number of transhumanist technologies of human enhancement. To an extent, the ones they consider unpromising are those currently being implemented. Qualitative studies of the opinions of medicine majors and graduates of medicine universities, who are doing practical work in the field of human enhancement, have shown that questionnaire responses do not reflect personal views of how promising specific transhumanist technologies are. This is largely due to the respondents' tendency to prioritize mass ideas on human enhancement and its efficiency rather than their own experience.


The 25 anniversary of the International Conference on Corporate and Marketing Communications (CMC), hosted by the University of Granada (Granada, Spain) from 14 to 16 April 2021, is undoubtedly a special occasion to launch the very first special issue entirely devoted to research papers presented at CMC, which is considered now one of the most representative and traditional conference in the field of corporate and marketing communications. The 25 CMC was planned for 2020, however the pandemic led to postpone the conference to 2021, which was initially organized as a conventional face-toface conference and eventually held online adapting the format to the challenging new normal. On the bright side, this edition was even more special, since it counted on two submission and review processes (one in 2020 and another in 2021), reaching the important quarter century milestone successfully. The conference co-chairs, Lucia Porcu and Salvador del Barrio-García, are guest-editing this special issue, which contains a selection of five papers on the main conference theme "OmniChannel communication: Delivering unified communications across all branded touch-points", addressing one of the top five research priorities identified for the 2020–2022 period in the most recent report presented by the Marketing Science Institute (Marketing Science Institute (MSI) 2020) period. In this regard, mapping the omni-channel customer journey is paramount to develop strategies enabling the integration of campaigns and messages via the wide range of platforms and devices. In the current globalized and digital world, firms strive to attract consumers and keep them engaged online, along with other stakeholders. In pursuing this goal, organizations need to practice unified communication between all branded touchpoints, which is the premise of omni-channel communications. This approach is in line with the integrated marketing communication theories, especially with the most recent organisational approach taken by several authors (Porcu, Del Barrio-García, and Kitchen 2017; Porcu, Del Barrio-García, Kitchen and Tourky 2020). Nevertheless, there is some way to go before firms fully implement the omni-channel approach, as it demands significant effort in terms of integrated communications to achieve truly personalized omni-channel content across apps, the Web, print, and so on (Tafesse and Kitchen 2017). Vollero, Schultz, and Siano (2019) suggested that in current digitallyempowering contexts, the IMC paradigm may have lost its 'original' customer-centric focus due to the emergence of multiple sources of consumer power as central in the value creation process, emphasizing the consumers' contributions to brand value co-creation, by reaffirming the 'original' outside-in perspective of IMC. Many firms are still operating from the phase that precedes multichannel communications, in which they seek to engage stakeholders by using multiple touch-points, such as the Web, apps, social networking sites, email, and mass media. However, this approach presents a risk, in that it can give rise to a lack of consistency in the JOURNAL OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS 2022, VOL. 28, NO. 5, 465–468 https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2022.2097297


.........................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES............................................................ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................1 OVERVIEW OF DISSERTATION CHAPTERS.......................................2 REFERENCES..............................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND NEXT STEPS............................5 DISPARITIES IN MENTHOL CIGARETTE USE IN THE US......................5 FEDERAL INACTION TO REGULATE MENTHOL................................7 CHICAGO'S PARTIAL BAN INCLUDES MENTHOL CIGARETTES.........10 RESEARCH FOUNDATIONS: COMPLIANCE STUDIES.........................13 RESEARCH FOUNDATIONS: IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE.............16 RESEARCH FOUNDATIONS: ISSUE FRAMING AND OPINION.............19 NEXT STEPS FOR RESEARCH........................................................21 CONCEPTUAL APPROACH............................................................24 RESEARCH QUESTIONS, AIMS AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL...............26 REFERENCES.............................................................................29 CHAPTER 3: STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS.........................................39 MULTI-METHOD CASE STUDY APPROACH....................................39 RESEARCH SETTING: CHICAGO ILLINOIS.......................................40 QUANTITATIVE STUDY – COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT.....................42 QUALITATIVE STUDY – RETAILER INTERVIEWS.............................52 EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DATA COLLECTION AND VERIFICATION STRATEGIES FOR VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY........60 REFERENCES.............................................................................68 CHAPTER 4: MANUSCRIPT #1 "Compliance with the City of Chicago's Partial Ban on Menthol Cigarette Sales"............................................................. .72 ABSTRACT.................................................................................73 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................75 METHODS.................................................................................78 RESULTS...................................................................................82 DISCUSSION..............................................................................86 CONCLUSION.............................................................................90 REFERENCES.............................................................................92 CHAPTER 5: MANUSCRIPT #2 "Beyond Compliance: Exploring How Retailers Navigate the Implementation of Chicago's Menthol Cigarette Ban"...................96 ABSTRACT.................................................................................97 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................98 METHODS................................................................................101 RESULTS.................................................................................108 DISCUSSION.............................................................................120 CONCLUSION...........................................................................126 REFERENCES...........................................................................128


The purpose of this study is to carry on an integration of two existing programs for the optimization of energy and wastewater consumption respectively. Results show that it is possible to combine the two programs and achieve the best energy and wastewater saving for a generic process. An interface was designed and implemented in Visual Basic to make the two programs exchange key information and consumption, to allow the user to perform a a generic process integration


According to the characteristic of the rapid va riant design, this paper puts forward a system frame of rapid variant design and studies the product model for supporting rapid variant design. The product mod el is divided into function model, structure model, principle model and manufact uring model so as to have the ability to response the user rapidly. Finally, it discuss the structure and application of the principle model in detail, includin g geometry principle model and computation principle model.


These excursions are presented both to introduce the stratigraphy, structure and geological history of Barbados, and to act as a starting point for any geologist intending to investigate the island. Barbados is a small island, shaped like a contorted teardrop, and about 34 km long by 24 km at its widest. The visitor to the island who is intending to undertake fieldwork is recommended to hire a car. The only other reliable forms of transport are bus or taxi. While cheap, buses tend to stick to the main routes, particularly in the country, although the size of the island means that localities are rarely more than a few km from a bus stop. If money is no object, a taxi driver will be happy to drop you at a site in the morning and collect you at a pre-arranged time.


Objective: To study expression of collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱ mRNA and alkaline phosphatase in osteogenesis induced by recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) enhanced by transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).Methods:One hundred and ten BALB/c mice were divided into two groups at random,55 in each group.Mice receiving rhBMP-2/TGF-β served as the experimental and those receiving rhBMP-2 served as the control.In order to investigate expression of collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱ mRNA and alkaline phosphatase in osteogenesis induced by rhBMP-2/TGF-β and rhBMP-2,in situ hybridization analysis was performed 3,5,7,9,11,14,17 and 21 days after the implantation.Meanwhile,alkaline phosphatase activity was measured 7,14,21 days after the implantation.Results:1.The appearance of type Ⅱ collagen mRNA was accompanied by that of chondroblasts and chondrocytes.2.Type Ⅰ collagen mRNA and ALP,osteoblast differentiation markers,were expressed at the early stage of chondrogenesis,but type Ⅰ collagen mRNA was still expressed at higher level,ALP decreased gradually with the appearance of osteoblasts and osteogenesis.3.Expression of collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱ mRNA and alkaline phosphatase in the experimental was prior to that in the control.Conclusion:TGF-β enhances expression of collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱ mRNA and alkaline phosphatase in osteogenesis induced by rhBMP-2.


Review(s) of: The Child's Voice in Family Therapy: A Systemic Perspective, by Gammer, Carole, WW Norton and Company Inc, NY 2009, ISBN 978-0-393-70541-6, HB, pp 329.


Total number cases, I,2oo. Refract. under myd. Total number cases binocular astig., . . . . . . 499 Number cases in which the principal axes were exactly symmetrical, . 350 Number cases axes within I0O of being symmetrical,. . . . 40 Number cases axes asymmetrical (i. e., a difference of more than IO°), . lO9 Number cases principal axes on same side of the vertical meridian (these cases are incluided in the IO9), . . . . . . 12 Percentage of symmetrical axes, . . . . . . 70.14 Percentage of asymmetrical axes, . . . . . . 29.86 Including the 40 cases within io) of being symmetrical, the percentage, . 78.15


surface and borehole sensors. A maximum-likelihood approach is used to estimate source parameters that best explain the surface observations predicted by the borehole observations and probable VLF signals. We found that six VLF events with magnitudes 3.4 ≤ M w ≤ 4.3 likely occurred in the seismogenic regions of ambient low-frequency earthquakes/tremors (LFEs), and were likely triggered by the arrivals of high-amplitude surface waves. The triggering stress changes are estimated from 0.4 to 1.5 kPa, similar to the values for triggered LFEs reported previously. Since there were no triggered LFEs in western Shikoku following the 2016 M w 5.9 earthquake, these VLF earthquakes are more sensitive to stress changes caused by surface waves from large earthquakes. This is the first reported example of dynamic triggering of VLF earthquakes.


It is Chinese university's choice in the future that commerce normal is established into high school development which aims for science growth.British high school developing history shows that neither government's requirement nor social demand can be satisfied under the pure science normal.The responsibility being not clear between school and student on the respect of education product quality,employment cost usually is singly burdened by student.The reason for British high school being developed perfectly is the perfect balance between science developing and social commerce is found.In this way Chinese high school will be developed under three directions:marketing being the core for elevating high school's competing ability;service being the basis for high school manager's thinking;managing being the tentacle for high school creating brand.


In this work the oscillation of adhering droplets in shear flow is analyzed for different fluid properties and droplet sizes. A water droplet of different volume (5 to 40 µl) and different portion of glycerine (0 to 50 %) is placed on a channel wall. Droplet height is less than 10 % of the channel height and therefore within the highest gradient of the velocity profile. Velocity of the channel flow is increased in each case from 0 to values at which the droplet detaches from the channel wall surface. Corresponding Reynolds numbers are up to 𝑅𝑒 𝑐ℎ = 10 4 . The droplet shape and contour deformation is analyzed by transmitted-light technique. For selected cases, the flow inside the droplet is measured by Particle-Image Velocimetry (PIV) using an infrared laser-diode and a CMOS-high-speed camera. The analysis of the temporal behavior of the droplet contour shows that the droplet oscillates with distinct peak frequencies. These frequencies can be associated with the first resonant frequency 𝜔 𝑅 and half of that value. Additionally, frequencies of higher order modes appear for higher flow velocities. Increasing the amount of glycerine does not change the spectrum concerning the frequencies but changes the amplitudes: a significant damping of the oscillation can be observed. This damping effect can be directly linked with the increasing viscosity with increasing amount of glycerine. Additionally, this effect corresponds to an increase of the critical velocity that is needed to move the droplet. PIV measurements inside the oscillating droplet show that at low flow velocities in the temporal mean there is a clockwise rotation inside the droplet. For increasing incoming flow velocity in the temporal mean a second vortical structure appears at the downstream part which is counterclockwise rotating. This counterclockwise rotating structure becomes more dominant and the clockwise rotating structure seems to vanish for increasing velocity. The instantaneous flow structure inside the droplet is governed by vortical structures and a strong horizontal back- and forth-movement. These flow patterns appear regularly and can be correlated with the detected characteristic frequencies of the contour oscillation. Understanding the inner flow structure of oscillating droplets will help to improve the numerical modeling of these two-phase flows such that onset and droplet movement itself can be predicted more precisely.


This study is an endeavor to understand tidal currents characterization by measuring speed and direction of the currents in the upper and lower reaches of Khor Abdullah during typical neap and spring tides. The results show that the averages and maximum surface velocities during flood period are great than during the ebb period at station No. 1 at both phase of neap and spring tides. Whereas, this status mutate at station No. 2 during the spring tide and then maximum surface and average velocity were recorded of order of 1.50, 0.94 respectively during the ebb period.
 Velocities values decline with the depths at both stations. The bottom layer (z/h = 0.95) contain active velocities at each station, therefore, the lowest velocity amounted 0.36 m/sec at station No. 2 during the ebb period of neap tide. Bottom current value percentage to the surface is exceeding 50% of the surface current value at both stations. The relatively high velocities (more than 1.0 m/sec) are restricted to station No. 2 which penetrate for more than water column one third (z/h = 0.40) through some hours of the tide cycle during the flood period. While, like those velocities recess to the surface layer (z/h = 0.05) during the ebb period. Generally, water mass motion seems to be semilinear, so, the currents directed to the northwest between (290°-330°) during the flood and towards southeast between (110°-140°) during the ebb on surfaces and bottom layers.


The Vietnamese government, along with country-based non-government organisations, are well aware of the vulnerability of Vietnam's coastal and low-lying areas to extreme weather events. Yet scant attention has been paid to extreme weather hazards affecting Vietnam's northern mountainous regions and the livelihoods of ethnic minority farmers residing there. Building on conceptual tools from vulnerability, food security and sustainable livelihoods literatures, we examine the impacts of extreme weather, namely drought and severe cold spells, in Vietnam's northern uplands. We explore the degree to which these events impact the livelihood portfolios and food security of ethnic minority farmers, and examine the coping strategies households initiate, based on their ecological knowledge as well as recent market integration initiatives. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with ethnic minority Hmong and Yao semi-subsistence households undertaken yearly from 2012 to 2014, we demonstrate that financial capital – now more central to households' livelihoods than ever before due to state-sponsored agricultural intensification – is an important means for farmers to cope with extreme weather events. Yet concurrently, longstanding culturally rooted social capital, networks and ties remain critical. Nonetheless, shortand long-term adaptation is not widespread, leading us to investigate possible explanations.


AbstractSeasonal migratory labour is a feature of many rural societies. As a working definition it is a voluntary leaving of the family home for a certain period. Generally this leaving happened regularly over a number of years and the distance from the place of work to the family home was so great that returning to the family home each evening was not possible. This was not an easy form of migration. Links were never broken with the home area while at the same time seasonal migratory workers had to leave the home area periodically so that they could afford to live there.


A recently proposed model for skin cell proliferation [E. Clayton, Nature (London) 446, 185 (2007)] is extended to incorporate mitotic autoregulation, and hence homeostasis as a fixed point of the dynamics. Unlimited cell proliferation in such a model can be viewed as a model for carcinogenesis. One way in which this can arise is homeostatic metastability, in which the cell populations escape from the homeostatic basin of attraction by a large but rare stochastic fluctuation. Such an event can be viewed as the final step in a multistage model of carcinogenesis. Homeostatic metastability offers a possible explanation for the peculiar epidemiology of lung cancer in ex-smokers.


A lot of information can be found in the media about the possibility of using micro-chips in banknotes. This mostly comes from chip manufacturers whose technology is becoming mature for this application. A lot of patents have been applied therefore but what must be noticed is that all these patents concern the processes to insert chips in banknotes and not a lot is said about the product itself and for what use. The Banque de France is a Central Bank involved in all tasks concerning banknotes from design, production, issue, recirculation and sorting, action against counterfeiting and finally destruction. These activities concern, of course, the banknotes in circulation in France (formerly the French francs notes, presently the Euro notes as Banque de France is part of the Eurosystem) and in other countries in the world. The Banque de France approach in looking to the future of chips in banknotes is at first a product approach. Banknotes are means of payment for which security of authentication is fundamental. They could carry chips to provide more security in the transactions but without altering their nature: the anonyminity and immediacy of the transactions.


The H.264/AVC video encoder standard significantly improves the compression efficiency by using variable block-sized Inter (P) and Intra (I) Macroblock (MB) coding modes. In this paper, we propose a novel Human Visual System based Adaptive Computational Complexity Reduction Scheme (ACCoReS). It performs Prognostic Early Mode Exclusion and a Hierarchical Fast Mode Prediction to exclude as many I-MB and P-MB coding modes as possible (up to 73%) even before the actual Rate Distortion Optimized Mode Decision (RDO-MD) and Motion Estimation while keeping a good quality. In the best case, ACCoReS processes exactly one MB Type and one corresponding near-optimal coding mode, such that the complete RDO-MD process is skipped. Experimental results show that compared to state-of-the-art approaches, ACCoReS achieves a speedup of up to 9.14× (average 3×) with an average PSNR loss of 0.66 dB. Compared to exhaustive RDO-MD, our ACCoReS provides a performance improvement of up to 19× (average 10×) for an average 3% PSNR loss.


In India the most common vaccine strain against infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) is Mass strain (M41). Most of the organized and unorganized poultry farms use Mass strain for vaccination of parent stock. But even after taking all precautions the incidences of IB outbreak are common in poultry population. IBV, a major pathogen of poultry flocks, circulates in the form of several genotypes and serotypes. Only a few amino acid changes in the S1 subunit of wild type proteins may results in mutants unaffected by current vaccine. In the year 2008 one strains of IBV was isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks. The results from sequencing of S1 gene showed that this strain was distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41 etc. Compared to H120 and M41 vaccine strain, point mutation occurred at many positions in the S1 protein of this field strain. The homology of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the S1 gene of this isolate was 79.0%-99.6% and 74.5%-98.8%, respectively with relation to major vaccine strains used worldwide. The results from this study indicate that different IBV strains cocirculate in the chicken population in India.


Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an established in-person therapy but can be provided self-guided online. Recently, online ACT has been adapted to support dementia family caregivers. A primary goal of ACT is to connect individuals with their self-identified values, with the assumption that increased progress towards values will lead to improved well-being. While there are established negative associations between depression and progress towards values, the lagged influence of progress toward values at one time point on another time point within intervention is less understood. Our sample was 51 dementia caregivers who completed an online self-guided ACT intervention. Participants were 80.3% female, 53% spouse, with a mean age of 65.98 (SD =11.66). We created an auto-regressive cross-lagged panel model to examine longitudinal associations between progress towards values and depressive symptoms at three time points. Controlling for time 1 (pre-intervention) depressive symptoms, progress towards values at time 1 significantly predicted depression at time 2 (β = -.427, p < 0.01) and progress towards values at time 2 (β = .716, p < 0.001). Depression at time 2 significantly predicted progress towards values at time 3 (β = -.515, p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms at time 3 (β = .580, p < 0.001). The R^2 range from .30-.43. Our analyses suggest that participants' initial progress toward values strongly negatively predicted their subsequent depressive symptoms, which then predicted later progress towards values. These findings demonstrate the potential reciprocal relationship between progress towards values and depressive symptoms within ACT intervention.


A conclusion was stated that the term " Huaxue" was coined as the Chinese translation of "chemistry" no later than the end of the fourth year of Xian-Feng (January 1855). No relevancy of such a translation with James Hudson Taylor could be found.


Current optimization tools and methods for the layout of large PV installations aim at maximiz ing the yield or the performance ratio of the installation. Nevertheless, there are situations, where the econ omical boundary conditions, namely the investment and maintenance c osts, the availability of surface and the feed-in t ariff have an impact on the optimal design choices. We propose a tool which addresses this problem by finding the gr ound covering ratio and tilt angle that maximize the eco nomic benefits. Furthermore for feed-in-tariffs tha t v ry with the time of the day, the optimization also includes the azimuthal orientation of the collector plane. The m thod is intended to support PV installation designers in ma king optimal design choices from an economical poin t f view. The problem consists in a multivariable optimizatio n, subject to specific boundary conditions. To solv e this problem the relative energy yield of the installation has t o be known as function of the design parameters. Th is is obtained with the help of PV simulation software. The propos ed tool then offers comprehensive and synthetic vie ws of the economical and design parameters, providing graphs that allow a quick spotting of the optimal choices. After describing the details of the tool, a few typical s cenarios will be discussed as examples.


Background: To examine the ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging findings of a cervical mass type cervical pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The ultrasonographic and MRI findings of 5 patients pathologically confirmed as having a cervical pregnancy were analyzed retrospectively. On ultrasonography, the size and echo pattern of the uterine cervix, the shape and echo pattern of the lesion, the degree and the pattern of blood flow on the color Doppler study and the spectral Doppler pattern were analyzed. The shape, signal intensity, and degree and pattern of enhancement of the lesion were evaluated on MRI. Results: The uterine cervix was enlarged and the size of the lesion was 6.1 to 7.1 (average, 6.5) cm. The endocervical canal was irregularly dilated and showed heterogeneous echogenicity in all 5 cases. Four of the 5 lesions were heterogeneously hyper- or mixed echoic and remaining one was relatively homogeneous echogenic. Doppler ultrasonography revealed an increased vascularity of the peritrophoblastic flow pattern. In all 4 cases where MRI performed, the lesion was irregular in shape and the margin was not sharply demarcated. The T2-weighed image showed that the lesions were mixed signal intensity. Three of the 4 lesions contained high signal intensity nodular portions and a low signal intensity rim was observed along the margin of the nodular portions. The T1-weighted image revealed multiple signal voids along the periphery of the lesions and high signal intensity portions as a result of hemorrhage were noted. The dynamic enhanced study showed that the high signal intensity portions on the T2-weighted image were strongly enhanced similar to the vessels on the early phase and the contrast enhancement gradually decreased with time. Conclusion: A cervical mass type cervical pregnancy can be correctly diagnosed using the patient's clinical symptom, the elevation in the serum -HCG level, and characteristic ultrasonographic and MRI findings.


Abstract. We obtained high–resolution spectroscopic data for 33 bright (V <8) A-typeHipparcosprogramme stars at the "Observatoire de Haute-Provence" (OHP) in December2004. All our targets show some indication of radial velocity variability (Grenier et al,1999), are located in or near the lower part of the Cepheid instability strip, and are poorlystudied objects. In this contribution, we present the new data of the most interesting pro-gramme stars and we derive a physical interpretation for their variable nature. Key words. Stars:abundances –fundamental parameters variables: general 1. Introduction A very interesting region of the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram lies at the intersection of themain sequence and the classical Cepheid in-stability strip, where a variety of phenomenaare at play in the stellar atmospheres. Thesephenomena consist in the di erent pulsationmechanisms (acting in the Scuti, SX Phe, Dor and roAp variable stars) and in the vari-ous processes involving magnetism, di usion,rotation and convection. The latter processesmay boost or inhibit the presence of chemicalpeculiarities (occurring in Ap, Am, ˆPuppisand Boo stars). The competition betweenthese processes and mechanisms leads to alarge mix of stellar groups of di erent atmo-spheric composition which also behave in dif-ferent ways with respect to pulsation and bina-rity. In preparation of a research project aim-ing at investigating the chemical composition


Abstract Waveform simulation techniques are widely used for nondestructive inspections using elastic waves. They are also used for the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Source dynamics can be identified by AE waveform analysis. However, waveforms detected by AE sensors are deformed by the sensor response, and their characteristics depend on the frequency response and sensitivity; thus, accurate AE waveform simulation is difficult because of these problems. In this study, accurate AE waveform simulation involving a sensor response, using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was developed. The original waveform is calculated by the 2D FDTD method. The sensor response is determined by extraction of the input waves to the AE sensor by a pulse generator and detection by a laser interferometer. To include the sensor width and dispersion of the sensor response, some points of the sensor response on the sensor face are detected. These are convoluted, and the sensor responses of all points are added. After Lamb wave simulation, characteristics of the simulation waveforms were correlated to the artificial AE waveform produced by Hsu–Nielsen sources (pencil lead breaking). AE signals from mode I fracture were simulated next. The fracture was excited by exfoliation between a polyester plate and glass bar embedded in the plate. The characteristics of simulation waveform by developed technique corresponded to the waveform detected by the AE sensor.


The best employees are very important assets for the company, because of that sales companies need a system that can choose the best employees objectively and optimally so that they are right in choosing the best employees who will have an impact on the progress of the company. To be able to solve the problem the author conducted research using a Decision Support System using the Weighted Product (WP) method. The WP method is part of the Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM), which requires a normalization process to be calculated. This method in detail calculates the weight of the value of each criterion. The final result of the research shows that the 10th alternative (A10) with a Preference Value of 0.1120 was chosen to be the best employee recommended in the selection of sales manager


Opinion, The Weekly Observer, 22 July 2006:Why are international NGOs targeted by the LRA rebels? Seldom can aid and humanitarianism of the international community be neutral in the eyes of the locals, and even less so in the eyes of the rebels. When humanitarian organisations take over many of the functions of the Ugandan government, some will also be perceived, as the government is, as a parallel partner to the army.


Abstract We consider a static entry game played between an incumbent and a collection of potential entrants. Entry decisions are made with incomplete information and beliefs are conditioned, at least partially, on a market characteristic that is unobserved by the econometrician. We describe conditions under which, even though the unobserved market characteristic cannot be identified, a subset of parameters of the model can still be identified, including all the strategic-interaction effects. We also characterize testable implications for strategic behavior by the incumbent when this player is able to shift the unobserved market characteristic to deter entry. We present results under Bayesian Nash equilibrium (BNE) and under the weaker behavioral model of iterated elimination of nonrationalizable strategies. Our empirical example analyzes geographic entry decisions in the Mexican internet service provider (ISP) industry. This industry has an incumbent, América Móvil (AMX), which established a widespread geographic presence as a monopolist following the privatization of Telmex in 1990. Our results show significant strategic interaction effects between AMX and its competitors, as well as evidence of strategic behavior by AMX to deter entry and maximize its market share.


Since the 90s of the 20th century,there have been signs to show that new nationalism has become the main stream of thought.The world situation after the cold war and Japan's internal crises have provided the fertile soil for the growth of new nationalism and Fukusawa Yukichi's nationalist thinking is the ideological origin of new nationalism.


This study aimed to analyze the influence of television advertising and brand equity toward consumer purchase decision of Pocari Sweat in Japan and Indonesia. The data obtained through questionnaire. The samples were drawn from 214 consumer in Japan and Indonesia. The data analyzed by using SPSS 16. In this research, there are 3 variables : those are independent which are : television advertising and brand equity (brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. The dependent variable which is purchase decision. The finding indicated that television advertising has positive and not significant influence on purchase decision of Pocari Sweat in Japan while in Indonesia television advertising has negative and not significant influence on purchase decision of Pocari Sweat. For brand association and brand loyalty, all have positive and significant influence in both countries Japan and Indonesia on purchase decision of Pocari Sweat. For perceived quality it has positive and not significant influence on purchase decision of Pocari Sweat in Japan while in Indonesia it has positive and significant influence on purchase decision of Pocari Sweat.

Keywords : Television Advertising, Brand Association, Perceived Quality, Brand Loyalty


This research is qualitative which aims to describe grammatical form of wish and hope, to classify elements of wish and hope sentences, and to analyse meaning of both words based on meaning tendency of grammatical form and elements. This research uses British National Corpus as data source, then the data are presented informally. This research shows that hope and wish have the same 5 grammatical forms, but hope and wish cannot be used interchangeable for having different tendency. Hope and wish can be synonymous conceptually, but characteristically they cannot be (real-unreal, and desired-wanted).


Health education is a health education activity, which is carried out by spreading messages, instilling beliefs, so that people are not only aware, know and understand, but are also willing and able to make recommendations related to health. Mother's Milk (ASI) is the best food for babies, so ASI plays a role in the baby's body's defense system to prevent various diseases, every drop of breast milk also contains minerals and enzymes to prevent disease and antibodies which are more effective compared to the content contained in milk formulas. The emergence of nutritional problems is multifactorial, therefore the approach and solution must be from several factors. The method of this activity is by lecturing which means a method of delivering health messages orally and accompanied by questions and answers and of course distributing leaflets to mothers and then counseling, evaluating activities, namely distributing pre-posttest questionnaires. The results of the increase were obtained by increasing the mother's knowledge about the nutritional status of the child.


Continuous irradiation ofMougeotia withlinearly polarized green light (550nanometers, 0.2wattpersquare meter) induces achange in theorientation ofitschloroplast fromprofile tofaceposition, ifthe eleccl vector ofthegreenlight isvibrating normal tothecell axis. Thischange iscomplete within 25minutes oftheonset ofirradiation. In contrast, iftheeltrical vector ofthegreenLight isparallel tothecell axis, nochloroplast reorientation isinduced, evenwith afluence rate as high as3watts persquare meter. Furthermore, unpolarized far-red light (727naometers, 2watts persquare meter) given alone hasnoeffect on chloroplast reorientation. Simultaneous andcontinuous irradiation with polarized green light, regardless ofits plane ofpolarization, together with unpolrized far-red light, however, does lead tochloroplst reorientation. Thesedataindicate that, inaddition tothered-absorbing formofphytochrome, there exists inMoageotia another sensory pigment absorbing green Ught.


With the introduction of technological advancements in buildings and specially in health environments, such places became even more enclosed and automatized. The choice for the proper air ventilation system must be careful, for that is the biggest energy consumer in hospitals and decisive for inner air quality. This article has the objective to analyze natural ventilation strategies and thermal development in two wards located in two hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, computer modeled and simulated. The discussion raises the following questions: 1. Do the ward windows at both hospitals meet the requirements for environmental comfort? 2. If so, for which months? Through bibliographical review building analysis were made, an architectural survey and computer simulation were made using DesignBuilder, taking into consideration all months of the year for the comfort and discomfort sensation frequencies. The results obtained point to a desired thermal comfort in both case studies throughout the months of April to December according to the span for acceptable operative temperatures in naturally ventilated buildings defined by ASHRAE 55-2013.


Linkage disequilibrium (LD) refers to the statistical dependency of the DNA content at nearby locations of the chromosome. Numerous approaches to analyze genome data rely on the well documented fact that LD decays monotonously with the distance of the studied loci. This decay, though noisy and modi ed by a number of factors, can be attributed to the recombination process, a major source of genetic variation in diploid organisms. In this work we take rst steps toward analyzing the extent of LD between very distant loci, even loci from di erent chromosomes. This is in contrast to traditional genome-wide analyses which merely study the LD within each chromosome separately. We design several measures of LD, and use them for analyzing the HapMap data. We also consider LD between supermarkers determined by haplotype clusters in windows of a few SNPs. We report on suggestive pairs of loci where unusually large correlations are observed within all ethnic groups. We describe how the computations can be arranged in a way that enables an all-pairs analysis of the data, that is, all pairs of loci across all the 22 autosomal chromosomes. This kind of genome times genome analysis is computationally very burdensome due to the sheer number of possible pairs. We show ways to make it feasible. Computing Reviews (1998)


Introduction: The lumbociatalgia is neuropathic pain in the lumbar spine that radiates to the buttocks and lower limb following the path of the sciatic nerve, about 80% of people suffer from back pain more sciatica at some point in their life so it is a common problem in routine medical practice, it can be produced by lumbar disc herniation, myofascial syndrome, spondylolisthesis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibrosis, arachnoiditis, tumors, infections, fibromyalgia, treatment for this condition will depend on its presentation, duration, the same can be pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Objective: The following research is conducted with the aim of analyzing the pathogenesis of lumbociatalgia for a proper diagnosis and treatment Methodology: A literature search of the last 5 years in indexed scientific articles on the subject was held. Conclusions: lumbociatalgia is considered one of the leading causes of functional long-term disability in the world, because of overweight, strong as carrying heavy for prolonged periods in incorrect positions, objects occupational physical activity diagnosis is based on a good interrogation on pain characteristics and physical examination of the patient, the treatment in its initial stage is drug with analgesic use based on the ladder of pain WHO, non-drug treatment is physical rehabilitation and finally therapy is considered the surgery if pain will continue, or has increased.


This study represents a theoretical-philosophical attempt to reflect upon ethics in clinical care practices nowadays, supported by the concept of Ethics of Alterity by Emmanuel Levinas and Dialogical Philosophy by Martin Buber. Among philosophy, poetry and care, based on criticisms of Classical Philosophy, efforts have been made to analyse inter-human relationships as ethical encounters, taking sensibility and responsibility as assumptions for dialogical care.


Background: In this study we are going to discuss the relationship between blood pressure level and serum uric acid level in chronic hemodialysis patients. Aim of the Work: Evaluation of the relation between blood pressure level and serum uric acid level in chronic hemodialysis patients. Subjects and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Tanta university Hospital from January 2016 to June 2016, and comprised 200 CKD patients on regular hemodialysis. Blood pressure was measured just before and after dialysis and every one hour during dialysis in 3 consecutive sessions. Uric acid levels were measured just before and after hemodialysis. Results: Of the 200 patients, odds ratio for high uric acid level in the group with predialysis systolic hypertension was 0.363 (95% CI: 0.148–0.893; p=0.027), for predialysis diastolic hypertension was 0.652 (95% CI: 0.192–1.523; p=0.126) and 0.528 (95% CI: 0.357–1.754; p=0.213) for intradialysis hypotension. Conclusion: This study showed paradoxical association between high uric acid level and high systolic blood pressure.


A scheme of infusion correction of water-electrolyte shifts occurring during general artificial hyperthermia sessions (rectal t degrees-40-42 degrees C) employing large insulin doses (100-1120 U) in cancer patients has been suggested. The infusion therapy according to the technique described was used during 103 general artificial hyperthermia sessions in 58 patients. This made it possible to maintain physiologically normal blood plasma levels of glucose, Na+, K+, calcium, inorganic phosphates, normal acid-base balance, adequate hydration and circulating blood volume.


A process for mechanical chemical polishing of a layer in a copper-based material by means of a polishing composition, characterized in that said polishing composition comprises an aqueous suspension of individualized colloidal silica particles, not linked other by siloxane bonds, whose mean diameter is between 10 and 100 nm, the pH of the aqueous suspension being comprised between 1 and 5.


All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. (2010). Hippocampal ripple-contingent training accelerates trace eyeblink conditioning and retards extinction in rabbits. There are 4 figures and 23 pages in this manuscript, 232 words in the Abstract, 468 words in the Introduction and 1495 words in the Discussion. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Lauri Viljanto for technical help, Michael Freeman for checking the language and John Pearce for his comments on the early version of the manuscript. This works was funded by grants from Academy of Finland for JW (114258 and 130013) and Emil Aaltonen Foundation for MSN. Abstract There are at least two distinct oscillatory states of the hippocampus that are related to distinct behavioral patterns. Theta (4-12 Hz) oscillation has been suggested to indicate selective attention during which the animal concentrates on some features of the environment while suppressing reactivity to others. In contrast, sharp-wave ripples (~200 Hz) can be seen in a state in which the hippocampus is at its most responsive to any kind of afferent stimulation. In addition, external stimulation tends to evoke and reset theta oscillation, the phase of which has been shown to modulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Theoretically, training on a hippocampus-dependent learning task contingent upon ripples could enhance learning rate due to elevated responsiveness and enhanced phase locking of the theta oscillation. We used a brain-computer interface to detect hippocampal ripples in rabbits in order to deliver trace eyeblink conditioning and extinction trials selectively contingent upon them. A yoked control group was trained irrespective of their ongoing neural state. Ripple-contingent training expedited acquisition of the conditioned response early in training and evoked stronger theta-band phase locking to the conditioned stimulus. Surprisingly, ripple-contingent training also resulted in slower extinction in well-trained animals. We suggest that the ongoing oscillatory activity in the hippocampus determines the extent to which a stimulus can induce a phase reset of the theta oscillation, which in turn is the determining factor of learning rate …


This paper preliminarily explores the technical ways and methods,the points for attention in teaching'Hop step and jump'in accordance with both the technical characteristics of 'Hop step and jump'and the physical and physiological characteristics of girl students in PE department.


I show that David Lewis's principal principle is not preserved under Jeffrey conditionalization. Using this observation, I argue that Lewis's reason for rejecting the desire as belief thesis and Adams's thesis applies also to his own principal principle. 1 Introduction 2 Adams's Thesis, the Desire as Belief Thesis, and the Principal Principle 3 Jeffrey Conditionalization 4 The Principal Principles Not Preserved under Jeffrey Conditionalization 5 Inadmissible Experiences 1 Introduction 2 Adams's Thesis, the Desire as Belief Thesis, and the Principal Principle 3 Jeffrey Conditionalization 4 The Principal Principles Not Preserved under Jeffrey Conditionalization 5 Inadmissible Experiences


Relevant and robust biomedical engineering programs integrate challenging, hands-on engineering design projects that require student teams to develop and deliver functional prototypes in response to biomedical design problems. The inclusion of such projects throughout Biomedical Engineering (BME) curricula not only brings active learning to the classroom but helps students improve as team members, decision makers, and problem solvers. This work highlights how sophomore and junior level engineering design projects can increase students' fundamental engineering design knowledge and self-reported confidence in approaching design projects. By steadily increasing the complexity of engineering design experiences throughout the BME undergraduate curriculum, our continued work studies whether intentional, vertical alignment of engineering experiences ultimately better prepares BME undergraduates for their senior design capstone projects and their professional pursuits.


We consider the problem of finding integer parts of roots to equations in a functional context. Standard techniques from numerical methods are extended to this case, providing both good performance, and guarantees of correctness. From an educational standpoint, the clear connection between the methods for finding roots and the functional code makes it easier to understand how different methods work, and to compare their relative effectiveness.


PURPOSE: To planarize the surface of a wafer globally or locally by filling a space between features with the dielectric material of a middle layer, covering the wafer with a deformable film, and applying a uniform pressure to the covered wafer, deforming the wafer, and forming a planar surface. CONSTITUTION: When the surface of a wafer 32 becomes locally planar, a defomable dielectric film such as a fiber glass is adhered on the wafer 32. The film material is selected from a group consisting of aluminum, tin, or other low melting point metals in the case of a metal film. Then, the dielectric is deformed to match to the shape of a flat plate 42 by pressing the non-cured dielectric film onto the wafer 32 between a plate 42 and a chuck 30 while the deformable dielectric is being cured. The film is pushed into a gap in the surface of the covered element. After the dielectric is cured, its upper surface becomes the shape of the plate 42 in a curing process and becomes flat.


Please join the MSIS PTA and support our school. Besides the fundraisers during the year, this is another main way we receive funds to be able to offer the many outstanding programs and events that we do. Becoming a member gives you a voice and a vote on all PTA matters. You are under no responsibility just by becoming a member. However, the more informed you are about what's happening and important in your child's school life, the better we can make their experience. Some of the many ways this money goes to the students is with our Arts in Education program which brings into the school many visiting authors and artists to enhance classroom curriculum. We also help subsidize the cost of class trips, and contribute to field days, sports nights and hold fun events like carnival. Please complete the tear-off below with a check made payable to MSIS PTA. Membership is $8.00 per person but only $5.00 for each additional family member. (There will be a $15 return check fee.) Send the form and check into school in an envelope marked "PTA - Membership" or you may bring it to Open House night and give it to your class parent. Please consider an extra $1 donation to the Council Scholarship Fund. Thank you for your support in continuing to make these programs and events and even more possible. If you have any questions, please contact:


natural biocensosis of Chernihiv region. Nowadays, the threat of significant reduction of biodiversity as a result of some types of human activity has led to recognition not only of the concept of «biodiversity», but also as a global object of protection. This led to the formation of a new approach to nature conservation, which, in turn, requires the development of plans and strategies for the conservation of biological diversity. In this regard, the methods of studying biodiversity, in particular its quantitative evaluation, have become particularly important. The issue of biodiversity conservation today has a high relevance to society, it affects socio-cultural, economic factors and factors of the environment. A rapid increase in the population of the planet dictates its laws, so it is necessary to comprehensively consider all possible options for increasing food production. All domesticated crops and animals are derived from the human management of biodiversity, which consistently responds to the peculiarities of agricultural production. It is biodiversity that provides natural management of pests, reducing the use of pesticides, obtaining high yields of cereal crops due to natural pollinators. Domestic and wild varieties of animals and plants are mandatory sources of genetic variability to respond to abiotic and biotic factors through population-genetic adaptation. In this article was established that the main cause of impoverishment of biodiversity is anthropogenic impact of the environment and intensive consumption of natural resources. It is substantiated that to solve the problems associated with preservation. Biodiversity, in particular, the species diversity of insects, is necessary first of all to solve the problem of preservation and protection of habitats of their existence (skirt, lawns, roadsides, slopes of beams, ravines, fallow, etc.). However, the optimal size of these seminatural biotopes is not sufficiently researched so it is extremely important to implement conservation measures for agrobiodiversity. Exhausting use of natural resources is today the main form of their use in agriculture. Therefore, the issue of conservation, non-exhaustive use and reproduction of biodiversity is attracting increasing attention and is absolutely topical. The purpose of the work was to study the typology and dynamics of species entomological biodiversity in the natural and semi-natural biocenoses of the Chirniv region.


20 Geolocation is increasingly employed to reconstruct the movements of demersal fishes using data retrieved 21 from electronic archival tags. However, geolocation methods commonly suffer from limitations such as 22 low horizontal resolution of locations, flawed land boundary treatment, and extensive computation time. 23 We addressed these issues using a state-space approach based on the particle filter (PF), and developed a 24 geolocation package with graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration. Our method focused on application to 25 demersal fish and utilizes comparison of the tag-recorded depth and temperature to the same variables from 26 an unstructured grid regional oceanographic model. A rigorous boundary treatment scheme was implemented 27 to handle regions with complex coastline geometry. Validation exercises using stationary mooring tags and 28 double-electronic-tagged (archival and acoustic tags) Atlantic cod in the Gulf of Maine resulted in <10 29 km median errors of the estimated tracks. Sensitivity analyses suggest that using 200,000 particles was 30 adequate to stabilize the location track estimation. Acceleration of the particle filter using GPUs resulted 31 in faster processing than the single threaded CPU (central processing unit) implementation, enabling rapid 32 geolocations using consumer grade computer hardware. The geolocation output of each tagged fish includes 33 the most probable track and the associated spatial probability distribution. The resulting PF geolocation 34 package enables high resolution and accelerated geolocation analyses to be performed on affordable consumer35 grade computer hardware, resolving the time intensiveness problem of the PF that may have prevented 36 its adoptions in marine animal geolocation. Expanded application of geolocation will yield more reliable 37 migration information to support management. Geolocation results from archival tagging will contribute to 38 our understanding of the spatial ecology of marine species. 39


In this work, we propose, by numerical calculation, a possibility of mm-wave range localization to produce an irradiation of a bioobject at frequency f/spl ap/60 GHz (just near or at accupuncture points (AP) of human skin). Calculation shows that in one-dimension system/biosystem, a few hundred times intensification of the localized mm-wave range could be obtained. Such mechanisms have elsewhere been used to discuss the possibility of microwave localization to produce an experimental plasma fireball. Here we consider two types of one-dimensional disordered biosystems (AP), such as a quasi one dimensional (quasi-periodic) biosystem. and a fractal biosystem. A Fibonacci chain and a Cantor bar are chosen as a quasi-periodic biosystem and a fractal biosystem, respectively.