In 1931, in Bombay, Lucy Wills conducted an experiment in which she fed monkeys a diet of white rice and white bread and induced a megaloblastic anemia similar to that commonly seen in India in pregnant women. Neither administration of the then-known vitamins nor liver extract reversed the anemia. Subsequently, she showed that the anemia could be prevented by ingestion of brewer's yeast. During the next 10 years, vitamin researchers in various parts of the world, using different animal and bacterial models, identified curative factors that were each named as vitamins or other factors, including vitamin M, vitamin Bc, U factor, and L. casei factor. Also during that time, the substance in brewer's yeast was identified. Researchers at the University of Texas then isolated from spinach a concentrate of L. casei factor that turned out to be identical to the Lucy Wills factor. Since they extracted it from spinach leaves, the vitamin was named folacin from the Latin folium or leaf. This early history of folate filled with aliases seems a fitting prelude to the often-confusing role of folic acid in human nutrition and health today. For some of its functions, its role in the prevention of many conditions has been documented. For example, Canada, the United States, and Hungary have recognized folate's importance in the prevention of neural tube defects and have mandated the fortification of grain products. Other birth defects also appear to be lessened with adequate folic acid. Yet, some countries have taken a more cautious view and are worried that elevated levels in the population can put segments of the population, such as the elderly, at risk. Further, its importance in protecting against other diseases is still the subject of much study and is nearly as confusing as some of its early history. The following segment highlights reports from recent months on the reduction of birth defects, the improvement of memory and hearing, and the reduction of cardiovascular disease and cancers. Finally, it takes a look at problems of excess. Recent reports in the literature from France (6) and Norway (22), countries where the incidence of cleft palate is high, and from a meta-analysis (1) strongly suggest that incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate is inversely associated with folate intake in the mothers' diets. U.S. data on the incidence of cleft lip and palate show that the mandatory fortification of flour with folic acid is also associated with a small decrease in these disfiguring and problematic birth defects (25). Data show that the timing of the decline is consistent with the introduction of fortification. These data from the various countries in aggregate strongly suggest that folate fortification reduces yet another birth defect. Despite the truly beneficial effects of folate on pregnancy outcome, there is great concern that folate intake is decreasing. In a report issued in January 2007 (5), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control found that, among women in their childbearing years, blood folate levels in 2004 had declined by16% from the levels recorded in 2000. At least two dietary trends may be partly responsible for this drop. First, there was the overall diet craze to eliminate carbohydrates. Second, a shift occurred from fortified, refined products to whole-grain foods. While whole-grain products have some natural folate, many of them are not and cannot by regulation (Standard of Identity) be fortified. Supplements also have not been very successful. According to the March of Dimes, the taking of supplements is limited by cost, lack of awareness, and a widespread belief among Hispanic women that a vitamin supplement could cause weight gain. Thus, the new data indicate that only 33% of women of childbearing age (down from 40%) take a vitamin supplement with folate. The March of Dimes predicts that, if folate intake continues to decrease, the gains in reduced neural-tube defects may be erased. As a result, the March of Dimes expects to join a coalition petitioning the Food and Drug Administration to double the levels of folate in enriched grains. Data on folate intake in Canada show similar trends. According to a recent study in Toronto, the average dietary folate of 61 university-educated women was 562 μg per day during pregnancy and 498 μg per day during lactation (17). From these data, Sherwood and her colleagues estimated that one-third of the highly educated women in her sample were getting inadequate folate during pregnancy and lactation. Folate intake by other socioeconomic groups, she suggested, may be even less. While these results may suggest to some that folate fortification is ineffectual, it is nevertheless true that, without fortification, 98% of the women would have failed to meet their requirements. Health Canada is asking for comments about folate and vitamin B12 in the diet (10). In addition to its role in reducing birth defects, folate is reported to positively influence the health of other population segments. However, as in its confusing history, not all the studies agree. Some data suggest that folate may be helpful in reducing the cognitive decline associated with aging. Previous research suggests that high serum concentrations of homocysteine are associated with poor cognitive performance and Alzheimer's disease. Since folate is involved in keeping homocysteine levels low, there is thought that this B vitamin might be involved in memory issues associated with aging. Recent articles do little to add clarity about folate's overall role, as various studies both refute and support such a relationship. For example, the overall outcome of a study on more than 1,000 multiethnic elderly people showed no relationship between Alzheimer's and any B vitamin studied, nutrition


Most of the modern technological applications we use in our daily life originate from the progress of Nanoscience–Nanotechnology (NST). The projection, showing the great impact that these advances are going to have on society, exhorts science education researchers to incorporate the modern field into educational contexts. Among the several issues that have to be dealt with, NST's educational significance comes to the fore. This pilot study aims to examine whether both nano-trained primary school teachers and nano-trained students acknowledge the need for the inclusion of the NST content to school contexts. Fourteen primary school teachers and ten students, after their participation in an NST training course, were interviewed in order to provide their justifications. The results show that the vast majority of the participants acknowledge the educational significance of NST. The main arguments were associated with career possibilities, the relevance of the content to everyday life, and the need for nanoliteracy attainment. The results of this study can be used by NST education researchers in order to formulate a NST content structure for primary school nanoeducation.


This communication is concerned with the some of the problems encountered when building a specialised collection of bibliographic data from multiple bibliographic databases and one successful solution to these problems. It is common for the format of the data retrieved to vary considerably. The specialised collection is then edited, maintained, formatted and printed using a local personal computer system. Considerable work is involved in dealing with the variety of formats that can occur in the data from bibliographic databases.


As the present invention provides an integrated FPC reinforcement plate reinforcing sheet comprising sequentially, a thermosetting adhesive, the insulating film, with the wiring pattern film reinforcing plate integrated flexible printed circuit board, and the structure in the insulating polymer film contains at least a binder and spherical organic beads, thus reinforcing the adhesion between a thermosetting adhesive sheet and the insulating film is superior, and warpage.


*Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD F0-09, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; †College of Optometry and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas; ‡Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; §Department of Pharmacology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Program, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and ¶Institute of Chemical Toxicology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan


A facile microwave method to enable biopolymer particles to get functionalized by iron–enriched carbon nanotubes (CNT–Fe), serving as drug carriers and MRI agents. For example, multifunctional CNT–Fe coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (CNT–Fe–PLGA) particles (CFPP) are comprised of a PLGA core to carry cancer drugs, and CNT–Fe coating to provide a magnetic resonance (MR) signal. The process also gives the particles a unique brush-like, nanostructured surface morphology to enable a variety of biological and chemical activities.


People often only see what they explicitly look for. To provide mobile users with information on the spatial context of a location or a route we present an approach that gathers context information from freely available sources like Wikipedia and creates visualizations of this data that provide users with cues to increase awareness of their spatial context. By combining web 2.0 technologies and public data sources with filtering and visualization techniques we exploit the browsing capability of humans to provide a service that increases location awareness at arbitrary locations. The approach makes it easy to integrate "authored" content and can incorporate the ever increasing amount of available geo-referenced information.


This study deals with the specific aspect of the intercultural issue involved in the social inclusion of Arab refugees and migrants in the countries of the European Union. that is the issue of religion. The concept and perception of religion will be studied, but also the main ideologies involved with religion as intercultural features in relation to migration and refugees. It will analyze their utility, skill, and influence on different societies and role playing in the social inclusion of migrants and refugees. The importance of religion and impact of religious beliefs, traditions and ideologies is a broad and complex study, but it should be mentioned here because of the importance of these factors in social inclusion, as most refugees and migrants in Europe come from Arab and Muslim countries, which are very conservative societies compared to Europe, character and values.


By changing the initial value x0 or the parameter a of Eq. (1) slightly, the equation gives significantly different results. In this study, we focus on the two-dimensional lattice of the Logistic Map, because the one-dimensional ladder has been studied by many engineers [1]. We investigate complex behavior by varying the parameter of the Logistic map and the strength of coupling. 2. System model Figure 1 shows the structure of the two-dimensional lattice of the Logistic Map. We consider the ring boundary conditions.


Four weeks into a multi-period simulation game, a random sample of student groups was given a computer driven decision aid. Until that tine, all groups had been required to use a paper and pencil tool. The two types of student groups were tracked for the remaining periods of the simulation. The results showed that there was no difference between the paper and pencil groups and the randomly chosen groups on several dependent variables. However, the groups differed significantly on attitude toward the simulation.


A design study was performed to reduce the amount of apparatus necessary for an SOFC integrated plant. By repositioning the heat exchange between inflowing and outflowing gases away from an external heat exchanger and into the fuel cell stack, apparatus requirements can be considerably reduced; for example, the volume for the hot part of the plant can be cut by a factor of five. This can be achieved in the design by positioning a further central channel, the heat exchanger channel, in the interconnect in addition to the anode and cathode channel. This design also permits the reforming of hydrocarbons within the stack, thus simultaneously cooling the stack. Furthermore, by internal recycling of anode offgas within the stack it is possible to avoid or at least reduce an external water supply.


This study explores the strategies used in solving probability word problems by a college student. Problem solving with various ways of solutions was a bit complicated for students in need to choose the best strategy to solve them. Thinking aloud used as an analysis tool to evaluate the influence thought and behaviour of the participants in the study during solving seven tasks. Three participants were chosen as a preliminary of a case study. An in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted together with the think-aloud analysis to gain rich and thick descriptions from the participants. Protocols were coded and analyzed to determine what strategies they used and why they choose those strategies to solve the problems. Results indicated that participants loved to use visual representations as strategies in solving probability problems such as basic diagrams and sketches without knowing the accuracy of its effect.


We aim to construe the Stacked Long–Short term memory (LSTM) and Multi-layered perceptron intended for the NSE-Stock Market prediction. Stock market prediction can be instrumental in determining the future value of a company stock.It is imperative to say that a successful prediction of a stock's future price could yield significant profit which would be beneficial for those who invested in the pipeline of things including stock market prediction. The model uses the information pertaining to the stocks and contemplates the previous model accuracy to innovate the approach used in our paper. The experimental evaluation is based on the historical data set of National Stock Exchange (NSE). The proposed approach aims to provide models like Stacked LSTM and MLP which perform better than its contemporaries which have been achieved to a certain extent. This can be verified by the results embedded in the paper . The future research can be focused on adding more variables to the model by fetching live data from the internet as well as improving model by selecting more critical factors by


Shifting cultivation is commonly believed to be disappearing in Southeast Asia, but appears relatively persistent in some areas with alternative economic opportunities. This paper analyses how three decades of development have influenced both the decline and persistence of shifting cultivation in Sarawak, Malaysia. Changes in land use and demography are analysed in two Iban shifting cultivation communities, which differ in access to markets, off‐farm work, and in their proximity to large‐scale land development. Although the Sarawak State Government's policies to limit shifting cultivation have not proven effective, introduction of compulsory school attendance, investment in infrastructure and associated access to markets and employment opportunities have gradually changed local livelihoods, now composed of subsistence and commercial farming, land development and connections to local and international labour markets. Shifting cultivation of hill rice has persisted in both communities despite other economic opportunities and has been maintained for a range of reasons. However, increasing permanent migration of younger people and pressure on land from land development may gradually end shifting cultivation, particularly in more developed areas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Urban areas are major places where intensive interactions between human and the natural system occur. Urban vegetation is a major component of the urban ecosystem, and urban residents benefit substantially from urban green spaces. To measure urban green spaces, remote sensing is an established tool due to its capability of monitoring urban vegetation quickly and continuously. In this study: (1) a Building's Proximity to Green spaces Index (BPGI) was proposed as a measure of building's neighbouring green spaces; (2) LiDAR data and multispectral remotely sensed imagery were used to automatically extract information regarding urban buildings and vegetation; (3) BPGI values for all buildings were calculated based on the extracted data and the proximity and adjacency of buildings to green spaces; and (4) two districts were selected in the study area to examine the relationships between the BPGI and different urban environments. Results showed that the BPGI could be used to evaluate the proximity of residents to green spaces at building level, and there was an obvious disparity of BPGI values and distribution of BPGI values between the two districts due to their different urban functions (i.e., downtown area and residential area). Since buildings are the major places for residents to live, work and entertain, this index may provide an objective tool for evaluating the proximity of residents to neighbouring green spaces. However, it was suggested that proving correlations between the proposed index and human health or environmental amenity would be important in future research for the index to be useful in urban planning.


The confrontation of the private war-correspondences of two meridionals (1914-1918) with publisched letters from the same period lays the stress on the differences that appear both in the lexical fields of vocabulary wich structurize the representation of the event as well as in the use of the pronominal system. The lexicals field, for the meridionals, deals with banal daily life and not the hostile environment of the front correspond to that of the arms and the heroic battle in the published texts. The analysis of the personal pronouns allows to distinguish the social groups and the categories of protagonists in the correspondences, wich are extremely different wether the letters have been published or not. The study of means of calling that adversary focuses the "mots-chocs" hich includenegative of neutral connotations in public speech. Variation can be noticed in private written works : these connotations are negative, positive or neutral. Another field of this research scrutinizes the more "coded" aspect of the letters. As a correlary of the identity system and of the impact of the speech, the "cliches" have not an expressive part alone, in the stylistic meaning of the term : they play a part in the mechanisms of persuasion wich affect the reader's representations, his beliefs an even his behaviour. From the point of view of sociolinguistic, the study of the main variations of non standard aspect of the letters of the men from the south of france, who have passed the "certificat d'etudes primaires", shows the limited part of the influence of the "substrat" on their production. Most of traits are not continuity of the dialect, they are a substitute to old weak elements of the french language. The gaps are less numerous and less rich than those can be found in the oral language of the south. The narrative is a true filter for the variations. The "substrat" language plays no part in the indentity position of the letters-writers.


This review summarizes the recent developments in chemistry derived from the Mitsunobu Reaction over the last decade. Furthermore, some of the newest innovations based on premise of this reaction mechanism are presented along with some current examples of its use toward natural product and analog syntheses.


Recent research has revealed a considerable representation gap disadvantaging the lower social class in the political process. However, we know little about the underlying mechanisms of this bias or the measures that could compensate for it. Combining cross-national data from a general population survey and an elite-level survey, the present article addresses this knowledge deficit by looking at one potential determinant of working-class underrepresentation: the unequal composition of parliaments. Building on arguments for descriptive representation, I argue that members of the working class experience similar living situations and life chances that form their preferences. Consequently, working-class politicians may be better suited to representing working-class views. The results confirm lower congruence levels between the political elite and working-class citizens. However, class-based preference gaps among politicians are relatively small, and politicians' social class appears to have a limited impact on compensating for the representational inequality of the working class.


A power system for a private automatic branch exchange PABX consists of n independent and identical rectifiers hooked up in parallel. The lifetime of each component is an exponential random variable with a known mean MTBF. The system fails when the number of operating rectifiers is less than mm ≤ n.

Rectifiers are distinguished by two main characteristics: the current they carry and their MTBF. The minimal number of units, m, is determined by technological considerations: for each type of rectifier, m is calculated so that the system can carry a given maximal current. This maximal current is specified for each PABX.

The system is maintained by a technician who may visit the exchange regularly every v units of time or when it fails. Several maintenance policies are considered. For each type of exchange and for each form of maintenance policy, we determine the optimal set of parameters, {m, n, MTBF, and v}, to minimize the operating cost for a required level of reliability. These results are then used as guidelines for standardizing PABX power systems.


2014 The 28Si(p, y) reaction data have been analysed in terms of two alternative versions of the directsemidirect model. The extrapolation of the theoretical excitation functions has been made and the astrophysical S-factor has been extracted with no significant differences between the predictions of the models. The analysis reveals the dominant role of the nonresonant process at temperatures less than T9 = 0.10. J. Physique 46 (1985) 1881-1885 NOVEMBRE 1985,


Belled piers are widely applied in Gobi gravel to withstand axial tensile loads for transmission towers in Northwest China. This study evaluates the pullout performance of belled piers in Gobi grav...


ABSTRACT Hypergraph is an effective method used to represent the contextual correlation within hyperspectral imagery for clustering. Nevertheless, how to discover the closely correlated samples to form hyperedges is the key issue for constructing an informative hypergraph. In this article, a new spatial–spectral locality constrained elastic net hypergraph learning model is proposed for hyperspectral image clustering (i.e. unsupervised classification). In order to utilize the spatial–spectral correlation among the pixels in hyperspectral images, first, we construct a locality-constrained dictionary by selecting K relevant pixels within a spatial neighbourhood, which activates the most correlated atoms and suppresses the uncorrelated ones. Second, each pixel is represented as a linear combination of the atoms in the dictionary under the elastic net regularization. Third, based on the obtained representations, the pixels and their most related pixels are linked as hyperedges, which can effectively capture high–order relationships among the pixels. Finally, a hypergraph Laplacian matrix is built for unsupervised learning. Experiments have been conducted on two widely used hyperspectral images, and the results show that the proposed method can achieve a superior clustering performance when compared to state-of-the-art methods.


On 15 May 2018, Caterpillar Northern Ireland hosted over 75 delegates for the Institute of Materials Finishing (IMF) annual conference and networking event. Suppliers and manufacturers involved in surface finishing from across the world took part in the event. The seminar's aim was to bring together people from both industry and academia. The event was a great success and it was pleasing to see so many people attend. Participants had the chance to listen to a series of presentations on the surface finishing industry and learn about the latest technology and developments in organic finishing. During the event, there were five presentations delivered as below:


In this paper,some the ories and methods of non-linear, including artificial neural net work, wavelet,chaos and their application to prediction of runoff are discussed.


AbstractDetermining the cause of headaches can present one of the most complex and confusing diagnostic problems experienced in the dental and medical professions. Many headache victims may drift from doctor to doctor seeking relief from their symptoms. Misdiagnosis is not uncommon.This paper presents an overview of the subject of nondentally related chronic orofacial pain, a discussion of possible predisposing factors, and an outline of diagnostic signs and symptoms. Reviewed are such disorders as migraine, sinusitis, trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headache, hypertension headache, and cervical neuralgia. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of chronic facial pain are multifactorial and multidisciplinary. The importance of a comprehensive assessment of all possible factors before arriving at a diagnosis and treatment regimen is emphasized.


Introduction: Over half of the 50 million people with epilepsy worldwide are estimated to live in Asia. Although much research is done in Asia, information about the recognition of the burden created by the disease is scarce. Better understanding of the demographic distribution of epilepsy would improve our knowledge and understanding of this disorder at the population level. Method: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted to determine demographic patterns in patients attending the epilepsy clinic at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka for one year. An interviewer based questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics. Results: Data was gathered from 500 patients. Male to female ratio was 1.08:0.92. Two hundred and twelve patients (42.4%) belonged to the 16 to 30 age group while 140 (28%) were from the 31 to 45 age group. Most of the patients in the aforesaid age groups (n=352) were unemployed (n=211, 59.94%) and only 89 (25.3%) were employed. Two hundred and sixty four patients (75%) were unmarried while 7 (1.9%) were divorced. The number of patients who received primary and secondary education were 44 (24.4%) and 93 (51.6%) respectively. Two (1.1%) patients went to university. Forty one (22.8%) had no schooling. The causes of epilepsy are: no identifiable cause 357 (71.4%), CNS infections 46 (9.2%), head trauma 25 (5%), peri-natal distress 32 (6.4%) stroke 22 (4.4%) and structural lesions 18 (3.6%). Conclusion: Many epilepsy patients have fewer educational, marital, and employment opportunities which contributes towards poor interpersonal skills, social withdrawal and low self esteem. CNS infections, though small in number in the above cohort remains an important cause of epilepsy. Early case detection and treatment of CNS infections may further lower the burden of epilepsy. Index words: demographic patterns of epilepsy, burden of epilepsy in Sri Lanka, psychosocial consequences of epilepsy


Cotton textiles of every sort - fine, superfine and coarse - were once manufactured in abundance in the province of Bengal. The produce of the looms not only fully met the internal demand of her population but was also exported to distant lands where it was held in high esteem. The extraordinary diffusion of the industry throughout the province that made possible surplus production had its abrupt end in the first half of the nineteenth century. According to Vera Anstey, the decline continued throughout the nineteenth century. Among the causes of its decline were the oppression of the East India Company's servants on the weavers, the iniquitous tariff policy of the colonial government both in England and in India and the industrial revolution. Other causal factors that have been mentioned are the disappearance of the regal courts in India and the slow, laborious and wasteful methods followed in the manufacture of cotton fabrics by handloom weavers. The decline naturally resulted in the loss of a time-honoured hereditary profession in which millions were employed. Most members of the weaving caste either lost their job or became destitute. In this paper, however, we intend to focus our attention solely on the cotton textile industry of Bengal from 1900 till the end of the colonial period in 1947. In other words, we shall be looking both at the cotton mill industry of the province that was set up as a result of emergence of modern factory system in India as well as at the handloom industry, Thus by avoiding a fragmentary study, we shall have a complete glimpse of the cotton textile industry as a whole. We shall then also be able to evaluate the contribution of each branch of the textile industry to the economy of Bengal.


John was held in considerable esteem by all of us who believe in the nobility of the European cause. Indeed he was an expression of that nobility in his personal qualities, particularly in his constancy and humility and even more fundamentally in his essential goodness. He was of course far more than a profound thinker, academic and writer. He was above all a political activist. He sought to apply his abilities to influencing events and not merely commentating on them. He reflected an indefatigable commitment and an activism to advance a political ideal. He did so not as a conventional politician but rather as one who stimulated, provoked and taught in pursuit of a cause that was often far from popular in his own country. It is to that activism, cloaked as it was in a genuine modesty, that I wish to turn.


In this paper we discuss the number of effective edges in the Cartesian product of fuzzy graphs. Some basic theorems and results are obtained on effective edges. Based on the results we find the effective edge domination number for Cartesian product of complete fuzzy graphs.


The current trend of multi-core and multi-processor computing is causing a paradigm shift from inherently sequential to highly concurrent and parallel applications. Certain thread interleavings, data input values, or combinations of both often cause errors in the system. Systematic verification techniques such as explicit state model checking and symbolic execution are extensively used to detect errors in such systems [7, 9]. Explicit state model checking enumerates possible thread schedules and input data values of a program in order to check for errors [3, 9]. To partially mitigate the state space explosion from data input values, symbolic execution techniques substitute data input values with symbolic values [5, 7, 6]. Explicit state model checking and symbolic execution techniques used in conjunction with exhaustive search techniques such as depth-first search are unable to detect errors in medium to large-sized concurrent programs because the number of behaviors caused by data and thread non-determinism is extremely large. We present an overview of abstraction-guided symbolic execution for concurrent programs that detects errors manifested by a combination of thread schedules and data values [8]. The technique generates a set of key program locations relevant in testing the reachability of the target locations. The symbolic execution is then guided along these locations in an attempt to generate a feasible execution path to the error state. This allows the execution to focus in parts of the behavior space more likely to contain an error.


The dummy load in the terminal of traveling wave tubes is an important component of compact high-power electron linear accelerators. To develop high-power loads and miniaturize the accelerators, a microwave-absorbing material FeSiAl coated by a special sintering process is employed to enhance the efficiency of attenuation. Based on the method of multistate and multithickness, the complex permittivity and permeability of the material FeSiAl was obtained. And the design of a compact S-band dummy load was done by means of an engineering design and analysis system. With a very short length of less than 250mm, this dummy load is able to dissipate 10kW residual power to ensure the security of the accelerator. It can provide an important reference for the design of the high-power compact dummy load.


To understand the role of lipids during early embryogenesis, major lipid classes together with individual fattyacid and sterol composition were determined in embryos from multiple developmental stages of the euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera. Average lipid content in embryos of E. pacifica and T. spinifera from the earliest stage (multicell) were 4.45 and 3.69 µg embryo‐1, respectively. During development, the lipid content decreased at similar rates in the embryos of both species. In contrast to many crustacean eggs, phospholipids were the dominant lipid class in all embryonic stages, with decreasing concentrations seen during development. Individual fatty acids and sterols showed selective utilization during early developmental stages. The dominant fatty acids were 16:0 and 16:1ϖ7 and 20:5ϖ3, with most polyunsaturated fatty acids preferentially metabolized throughout early stages. An exception was 22:6ϖ3, which remained near constant through all stages. Cholesterol was the dominant sterol (≫82% of total sterols) in embryos, with only minor changes during development. The appearance of algal sterols and fatty alcohols, including phytol, in T. spinifera embryos suggests that considerable amounts of algal lipids are directly allocated to eggs during vitellogenesis. Despite the substantial changes in lipid amount and composition during embryo development, the presence of phospholipids as the dominate lipid store acts to moderate changes in egg‐sinking rate for both species until the late (early and late limb‐bud) stages of development.


The present invention discloses a mollugin / chitosan nanoparticles and a preparation method and application. The nanoparticles of chitosan-dimensional network structure with a cross-linked sodium tripolyphosphate form, mollugin fixed molecularly wherein the encapsulation efficiency mollugin 4.58 ~ 14.64%, nanospheres the average particle diameter of 96 ~ 467nm, polydispersity index nanospheres particle diameter of 0.25 to 0.27, the drug loading of 5.73 ~ 28.153μg / mg, Zeta potential 45.07 ~ 48.73mV. The preparation steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of chitosan solution component; (2) preparing a liquid component mollugin; (3) the component mollugin component is added dropwise to the chitosan solution , sufficiently stirred, was added dropwise an aqueous solution of sodium tripolyphosphate 1.0 ~ 3.0mg / mL, and prepared mollugin / chitosan nanoparticles. Regular shape nanospheres prepared according to the invention, smaller particle size, good dispersion, having a significant antioxidant effect, and inhibition of cancer cells, is a potent antioxidant and anti-tumor agents.


The binding of basic and proline-rich glycoprotein from human parotid saliva to S. mitis ATCC 9811 was specifically inhibited by D-galactose and sugars containing D-galactose residue at a non-reducing terminal, such as lactose and N-acetyllactosamine. By both the heating and trypsin treatment on cell surface, the binding ability was remarkably reduced.


We demonstrate extraordinary THz transmission of an array of subwavelength apertures patterned on ultrathin highly doped silicon by reactive ion etching. The zero-order transmission spectra exhibit well-defined maxima and minima which are attributed to the excitation of surface-plasmon polaritons and Wood's anomaly. The transmission anisotropy is investigated with respect to the orientation of the elliptical hole array in the frequency range from 0.2to3.5THz, and we notice that the transmission increases significantly when the major axis of the elliptical hole is perpendicular to the polarization of THz beam. In addition, redshift and reduction in transmission amplitude are observed when the surrounding dielectric permittivity is increased.


The study of a small expendable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that is capable of operating in harsh storm-like conditions is presented. Investigation shows that the selection of certain aerodynamic derivatives combined with a suitable control system has a profound effect on the gust response of a simulated UAV. Simulation comparison of this newly formulated Autonomous Gust Insensitive Aircraft (AGIA) to a conventionally developed aircraft suggests a significant reduction in the required capability of the autopilot control system. Simulation results are presented that show, although the AGIA requires closed-loop control for even still-air flight, the operation of this aircraft in a gusty environment does not significantly increase the requirements of the control system beyond what is typically used for a UAV autopilot. These results are contrasted with a conventionally designed aircraft that does not require automated closed loop control for stable still air flight, but requires more closed loop control than the AGIA for operation in gusty conditions. This result suggests that designing an aircraft with the AGIA formulated flight characteristics offers the benefit of operability in gusty environments using a low-cost autopilot system on a small, perhaps expendable UAV. Nomenclature v(t) = Body y-velocity p(t) = Roll rate r(t) = Yaw rate φ(t) = Bank angle yf(t) = Aircraft y-position relative to a fixed coordinate system ψ(t) = Heading angle Vw(t) = Wind velocity δa(t) = Aileron deflection Fy,v = Force in y-direction due to y-velocity Fy,p = Force in y-direction due to roll rate Fy,r = Force in y-direction due to yaw rate Fy,δa = Force in y-direction due to aileron deflection Mx,v = Moment in roll direction due to y-velocity Mx,p = Moment in roll direction due to roll rate Mx,r = Moment in roll direction due to yaw rate Mx,δa = Moment in roll direction due to aileron deflection Mz,v = Moment in yaw direction due to y-velocity Mz,p = Moment in yaw direction due to roll rate Mz,r = Moment in yaw direction due to yaw rate Mz,δa = Moment in yaw direction due to aileron deflection Cl,β = Coefficient of roll moment due to sideslip Cn,β = Coefficient of yaw moment due to sideslip ρ = Air density V0 = Aircraft cruise velocity S = Aircraft wing surface area b = Aircraft wing span m = Aircraft mass g = Acceleration of gravity


This document extends IMAP (RFC 3501) SEARCH and UID SEARCH commands
with several result options, which can control what kind of
information is returned. The following result options are defined:
minimal value, maximal value, all found messages, and number of found
messages. [STANDARDS-TRACK]


Analysis of data from the Maritimes Shorebird Survey, involving counts of shorebirds made during fall migration in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada, indicated declines in a number of shorebird populations during the period 1974-1991. Significant declines were recorded most consistently for Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla), Semipalmated Sandpiper (C. pusilla), and Short-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus), and decreases for Red Knot (C. canutus) and Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) approached sta- tistical significance in some analyses. Population trends were not constant but varied con- sistently across species during different phases of the study period. Declines occurred in most of the 13 species analyzed during the latter part of the 1970s, followed by increases during the first half of the 1980s, with a less marked tendency towards declines in recent years. A series of cold summers on the breeding grounds during the 1970s may have led to the observed population declines at that time. Statistical power analysis indicated that population changes of 2-5% should be detected at 80% power for the number of sites and years of coverage for which data were available. Received 26 Aug. 1993, accepted 14 Dec. 1993. Many Nearctic shorebird populations undertake very long migrations, some species moving between breeding grounds in the Canadian Arctic and wintering areas near the southern tip of South America (Morrison 1984, Morrison and Ross 1989). Many species, especially those that de- pend on coastal wetlands, concentrate to a marked degree both during migration and on the wintering grounds, with large proportions of the population occurring at only a restricted number of sites (Morrison and Ross 1989, Morrison 1991). Shorebirds are particularly vulnerable to loss or degradation of habitat in such areas (Myers et al. 1987). Extensive loss of wetlands has occurred in North America during the past and present centuries (Senner and Howe 1984). Wetland habitats used by shorebirds elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere are also increasingly threatened by industrial and recreational developments (Bildstein et al. 1991). Little information is available on how shorebird populations are being affected by such threats. Analysis of International Shorebird Survey data collected in the eastern United States between 1974 and 1982-83 indi- cated that three of the 12 species analyzed had declined significantly (Howe et al. 1989). Six of the remaining nine species showed declines which, although not statistically significant, were substantial in terms of annual (3-12%) or cumulative (up to 75%) changes. Declines in shorebird


The molal solubility for saturated solutions of O -chlorobenzoic acid at 298.15 K in various solvents was de- termined. The solvents used are, water (W), ethanol (Et), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile (AN), methanol (Me), 1-4, dioxane (Di) and N , N-dimethylformamide (DMF). From the experimental data for solubility, pH , densities, the dif- ferent volumes, free energies, dissociation constants, association constants and solvation parameters were estimated. Also the free energies of dissociation and association were also evaluated. Other solvation parameters like the solvation numbers were cited here to help explaining the solubility trend.This work give a lot of data for the solubility of orthochlorobenzoic acid which help the biologist for using it as food preserver .The results were also discussed.


Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have already revolutionized several industries through miniaturization and cost effective manufacturing capabilities that were never possible before. However, commercially available MEMS products have only scratched the surface of the application areas where MEMS has potential. The complex and highly technical nature of MEMS research and development (R&D) combined with the lack of standards in areas such as design, fabrication and test methodologies, makes creating and supporting a MEMS R&D program a financial and technological challenge. A proper information technology (IT) infrastructure is the backbone of such research and is critical to its success. While the lack of standards and the general complexity in MEMS R&D makes it impossible to provide a "one size fits all" design, a systematic approach, combined with a good understanding of the MEMS R&D environment and the relevant computer-aided design tools, provides a way for the IT architect to develop an appropriate infrastructure.


This report presents the development and demonstration of a computer-based analytical model to assess hull surface management practices. These practices include: the selection of anti-corrosion and anti-fouling hull coatings and their respective applications methods; selection of hull cleaning processes, including those performed in drydock and in-situ (waterborne); and scheduling of hull cleanings and recoatings. The computer model can be used in an analytical mode to evaluate particular hull surface management practices, or in an optimization mode to identify the hull surface management practices resulting in the highest possible net present value of profit over a specified time period.


Crystallization of a rigid polymer, poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) from dilute solution has been investigated using a transmission electron microscope. Quenching forms fibrillar crystals in which polymer chains are parallel to the fibril. These fibrils change into shish-kebabs by subsequent heat treatment in the solvent. Isothermal crystallization gives groups of parallel rod-like crystals of the same length, which appear like "rafts" on a lake. Molecular chains are oriented normal to the rod crystal. The width of the rodlike crystal is closely related to the avarage molecular length, especially in the low molecullar weight region. Due to dispersity in molecular length, many oriented rigid chains are present as cilia on the margin of the rod crystals. Primary nuclei are mainly composed of higher molecular weight component. At early stages of organization of the rafts, the growing rod-like crystals (mother crystals) accompany fragmental crystals whose growth rate is much faster than that of the mother crystals, because of preliminary supply of the oriented molecular chains from the mother crystals. The differnce in the growth rate finally makes all the rod-crystals into the same length within the individual raft. Nucleation density and crystal growth rate have also been measured as functions of temperature and molecular weight.


Analysis of the synchronization of economic fluctuations has become nowadays a key issue in the debate on the process of economic integration. Special interest of economists are related to the issue of the analysis of convergence and divergence processes of business cycles in the European Union. One of the factors determining the convergence of business cycles of economies is the intensity and structure of foreign trade. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of international trade on the synchronization of business cycles between Poland and the European Union in the period 1995-2011. In the study were used a research methods based on literature studies in macroeconomics and international finance and econometric methods (Vector Autoregression Model). The results of empirical studies indicate that the increase in trade does not necessarily lead to increase of business cycles synchronization in analyzed economies. The impact of external trade on the business cycles synchronization depends not only on the intensity of trade, but mainly on the commodity structure of foreign trade.


A family of probability distributions attached to a class of generalized weighted Bergman spaces on the Poincar\'e disk are introduced by constructing a kind of generalized coherent states. Their main statistical parameters are obtained explicitly. As application, photon number statistics related to coherent states under consideration are discussed.


This study was performed to investigate the effect of body condition change from the prefresh to early fresh periods on the subsequent milk production performance in Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, 89 Holstein cows in a private high yielding dairy enterprise (average milk yield 8000 kg/season) were included in this study . Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the prefresh period (260–270 day) post last insemination, as well as one month postpartum. Evaluations of BCS were performed via, two evaluators on a scale of 1–5 points and the average BCS value for each cow was detected. BCS loss was estimated via, subtract of postpartum BCS value from the prefresh one. Data of the daily, initial, 305-day, and actual milk yield were collected and recorded. The results of this study revealed that, fatty cows during their prefresh phase (BCS 4.5–5.0 points) had high dairy performance, as these cows depicted the highest values of daily milk yield ( 37.58 kg ), initial milk yield ( 43.38 kg ), 305–day milk yield ( 11461.00 kg ) and actual milk yield (12229.38 kg ) . Moreover, the cows with a postpartum BCS of 3.5–4.0 points recorded the highest significant daily milk yield ( 37.93 kg ), 305-day milk yield ( 11566.67 kg ), initial milk yield ( 49.00 kg ) and actual milk yield ( 14945.00 kg ). The cow losing from (–0.5)–(–1.0) point BCS has the highest significant daily and 305-day milk yield. In conclusion, BCS significantly influenced the milk performance traits of Holstein cows both at prefresh and postpartum period. For higher performance, the cows should be with somewhat heavy BCS at prefresh and with medium BCS postpartum. The dairy Holstein cows could loss about 0.5–0.75 BCS unit during their early fresh phase with efficient milk production. Further research is needed to prove this presumption. Keywords: body condition score, Holstein, prefresh, postpartum, milk yield Cite this Article Dawod A, Abdel-Hamid TM, Ramadan S. Influences of Prefresh and Early Fresh Body Condition Score Changes on Some Holstein Dairy Performance Traits. Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology . 2015; 4(2): 12–18p.


The rapidity with which formerly cultivated land is invaded by certain native grasses. is a strikintg feature of the salt flats or flood plains adjoining the North Platte River in western Nebraska. The general floristics of several areas removed from field crops usage are described briefly in this paper. Those referred to were considered representative of grasslands of the various ages examined during 1935, and from which the trends of revegetation upon this particular soil type can be inferred. Past histories were obtained from farm operators in the region where the areas were located. Most of these sites were revisited during the summer of 1947 with the thlought of compiling additional observations concerning the changes that might have occurred during the intervening years. However, some previously studied areas had been returned to field crops, while others were so closely grazed that compilation of additional information was impossible.


To study the suitability of diagnosis‐related groups (DRGs) to quantify blood use in order to fund hospitals directly for fresh blood components.


In their paper, Hoffman and coauthors1 performed an insightful analysis of countermovement jumps (CMJs). However, the way the authors defined the different phases of the CMJ is problematic. According to their figure 2, an unloading phase was defined from movement onset until the first minimum of the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), followed by a socalled braking phase from the end of the illdefined unloading phase to the instant in time when the largest knee flexion was reached and when the center of mass (CoM) vertical velocity was zero. Finally, the authors defined a propulsion phase from the end of the braking phase until takeoff. While the latter phase was well defined, the unloading phase and especially the braking phase were incorrectly defined. This is because during the first part of the authors' socalled braking phase, that is, from the first minimum of the vGRF and therefore the maximal downward CoM acceleration, up until the instant in time when the vGRF crosses body weight, no braking of the CoM occurs. Braking of the CoM only starts when the sign or the direction of the acceleration vector changes. However, the authors defined the start of the braking phase when the magnitude of the vGRF started to become less negative, that is, when negative CoM acceleration decreased. Based on Newtonian mechanics, the unloading phase should be defined as the phase when the vGRF is less than bodyweight, which results in a negative CoM acceleration. Accordingly, the unloading phase lasts from movement onset until the minimum vertical CoM velocity (i.e., the maximal downward CoM velocity) is reached. The true braking phase would then be defined as the time when the vGRF crosses body weight (i.e., CoM acceleration would be zero), until the instant in time when the positive impulse equals the negative impulse. Accordingly, this phase lasts from minimal vertical CoM velocity until vertical CoM velocity is zero.2– 4


Home entertainment systems feature in a variety of usage scenarios with one or more simultaneous users, for whom the complexity of choosing media to consume has increased rapidly over the last decade. Users' decision processes are complex and highly influenced by contextual settings, but data supporting the development and evaluation of context-aware recommender systems are scarce. In this paper we present a dataset of self-reported TV consumption enriched with contextual information of viewing situations. We show how choice of genre associates with, among others, the number of present users and users' attention levels. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of predicting chosen genres given different configurations of contextual information, and compare the results to contextless predictions. The results suggest that including contextual features in the prediction cause notable improvements, and both temporal and social context show significant contributions.


Background: We (Blood.2006;107:1156) and others showed that marrow cells from high-risk MDS patients exhibit constitutive NF-kB activation. Bortezomib (BOR) is a specific inhibitor of NF-kB with limited efficacy when used alone in AML but which is potentiated by its association with chemotherapy especially Cytarabine (AraC) (Cancer Chem Pharm.2006;58:13). Methods: The GFM performed a phase I–II study of BOR in association with low dose AraC (LDAraC) in MDS patients (pts) with intermediate-2 or high IPSS (including RAEB-T). Pts received BOR 1.5 mg/m2 on d 1,4,8,11 and AraC 10mg/m2 d1-14, q 28 days for 4 cycles. In the absence of DLT AraC was increased to 20mg/m2 after cycle 1. Dose reductions were made to BOR (1.3 and 1.0 mg/m2) for NCI-CTCAE >Grade 2 non and >Grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Response was evaluated after 2 and 4 cycles (IWG 2006 criteria). Responding pts could receive up to 4 additional cycles. Results: 44 pts were included between June 2006 and July 2007 (total 49 planned). 37 pts included >8 weeks before date of first interim analysis (1 Jul 2007), were evaluable. Median age 72 yrs (range 54–88) and M:F ratio 25:12. Diagnosis: 2 RA, 3 RAEB-1, 23 RAEB-2, 7 RAEB-T and 2 MDS with myelofibrosis. Prior treatment: 4 LDAraC, 2 intensive chemotherapy, 3 Azacytidine. IPSS: 18 int-2; 19 high. Karyotype was good, intermediate, poor and not done in 14, 4, 18 and 1 pt, respectively (resp). 25 pts had either poor karyotype or were pretreated. Plts were Conclusion: In this high risk population BOR + LDAraC gave a 24% response rate (32% in previously untreated pts). Responses were seen including in pts with unfavourable karyotype who generally fail LDAraC alone. Neurotoxicity was only seen in 4 patients. However, there was significantly more myelosupression than with LDAraC alone. An update will be given.


PATH collaborated with Futures Institute from August 2009 to April 2010 to develop strategic models describing the demand for the injectable contraceptive depo-subQ provera 104™ in the Uniject™ injection system (deposubQ in Uniject) in five focus countries: Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, Rwanda, and Senegal. PATH and Futures Institute developed these models to inform global and country introduction planning for the new contraceptive product, expected to become available on the market soon. The models contribute to evidence that informs global product price and procurement dialogue, and can provide information for global and country decision-makers to help them determine how to include depo-subQ in Uniject in their family planning programs. Futures Institute developed the demand models using Demographic and Health Survey data and population data from each country. The models incorporate information on the impact of specific family planning programs and policies on depo-subQ in Uniject uptake. PATH provided guidance to Futures Institute on the program and policy factors expected to influence the size and growth of each country's market for depo-subQ in Uniject. This briefing document describes the demand modeling objectives, assumptions, key outputs, and what PATH has learned from the modeling exercise to date. The models are not intended to produce definitive demand estimates for depo-subQ in Uniject; instead they provide a framework for projecting the new product's impact on the family planning markets in the five focus countries based on a given set of assumptions. Any of the variables and assumptions in the model may be altered to generate new scenarios.


Reducing water resources and overuse of chemical fertilizers are one of the most important problems of agriculture in recent years. In this research, the effect of fertilizer management and irrigation on yield, yield components of bean chitti (native cultivar of Ardabil city) as well as the ability of water stress index of plant in irrigation plantation of Bean Chati (during 1396) was investigated at the experimental farm of Mohaghegh Ardebil University. Drip irrigation method was performed. Irrigation treatments consisted of three irrigation levels of 100, 85 and 70% of pure plant water requirement (I1, I2 and I3 respectively) and urea treatment at three levels of 500, 375 and 250 kg. ha-1 (N1, N2 and N3 respectively), three replications Were applied. Complete water requirement was determined based on soil profile and total fertilizer based on soil fertility test. Based on the results of this study, decreasing water consumption caused a significant decrease (at 1% level) of grain yield, dry matter and 100 seed weight. For example, with decreasing of irrigation water from 100% to 85% and 70%, there was a decrease of 11% and 18% in the weight of 100 seeds of bean. However, in examining dry matter and seed yield values in two treatments of 100 and 85% irrigation, there was no significant difference between the effect of these two treatments on the traits. Therefore, according to the results of this study, under the same conditions, using 85% irrigation treatment, while maintaining significant water levels, can expect the yield to be similar to full irrigation. Also, based on the calculations, the lower baseline for June, July and August respectively (Tc-Ta) I.I =13.07-0.33×VPD, (Tc-Ta) I.I =12.09-0.45×VPD, (Tc-Ta) I.I =13.07-0.33×VPD. The base line for May, July and August is also respectively19.23, 18.35,13.18. The average value of water stress index for the three irrigation treatments I1, I2 and I3 was 0.2, 0.26 ,0.31. The reason for this amount can be this the plant, due to irrigation, has closed its apertures in order to cope with dehydration and as a result, the leaf temperature of the plant has increased and the result is an increase in the water stress index. In this research, because the weather conditions were the same for all three irrigation treatments, the only factor affecting the increase of water stress index of the plant is the increase in leaf temperature of the plant


A front-end CMOS bandpass filter is proposed for applications of 3.6 GHz RF wireless receivers. In the proposed filter, the Q-enhancement technique is used to overcome low-Q characteristics of CMOS on-chip inductors. A 6th order bandpass filter with a wide pass band and a high image rejection was built by cascading three stages of 2nd order Q-enhanced filters. An experimental chip designed by standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology occupies an area of 900/spl times/900 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Post-layout simulation results show a high performance filter: a tunable Q from 25 to 50, a tunable center frequency from 3.53 GHz to 3.67 GHz, an image-rejection of 60 dB, a 30 dB voltage gain, a 10 dB noise figure, an output 1 dB compression point of -32 dBm with a -15 dBm third-order input intercept point while consuming a 120 mW of power.


AbstractThe effects of oleic acid and lauric acid in a mixture of fatty alcohol and propylene glycol (FAPG base) on the percutaneous absorption of fluocinolone acetonide (FA) were investigated by using nude mouse skin and synthetic membrane in vitro. me mixture of 0.9% sodium chloride and methanol (91) was used as the receptor phase for the diffusion study. The concentration of FA in the receptor phase was determined by HPLC. fie optimal formulation of the FAPG base was obtained with the addition of 5% lauric acid


A kind of (Fe,Cr)7C3particles reinforced iron matrix composite was prepared by metallurgical bonding between Cr wires and gray cast iron at 1200°C with subsequent heat treatment. The obtained composites were comparatively characterized by XRD, SEM and microhardness tests. The results showed that the composites mainly consisted of α-Fe matrix and the reinforcements of particle bundles, which include (Fe,Cr)7C3 carbides and γ-Fe. The cross-section of the reinforcements gradually increase with heat treatment time, and the microstructures change from eutectic to hypoeutectic, the morphologies of the reinforcements present chrysanthemum-shaped, granular and intercrystalline eutectics.


Various theories that aim at unifying gravity with quantum mechanics suggest modifications of the Heisenberg algebra for position and momentum. From the perspective of quantum mechanics, such modifications lead to new uncertainty relations which are thought (but not proven) to imply the existence of a minimal observable length. Here we prove this statement in a framework of sufficient physical and structural assumptions. Moreover, we present a general method that allows to formulate optimal and state-independent variance-based uncertainty relations. In addition, instead of variances, we make use of entropies as a measure of uncertainty and provide uncertainty relations in terms of min- and Shannon entropies. We compute the corresponding entropic minimal lengths and find that the minimal length in terms of min-entropy is exactly one bit.


A new type traveling wave ultrasonic motor is presented.It is different from some former motors whose rotor and stator are in frictional contact by several points during the dynamic process,and it is by the line during the dynamic process.The operating theory of the motor is derived from vibration theory.The stator model of the motor is built on software ANSYS.Each parameter of the stator has effect on the dynamic characteristic,which is analyzed in this paper.Kinetic characteristic of this motor is obtained through the experiment.


A total of 59 symptomatic patients with myeloproliferative disorders (polycythaemia vera 24 pats., essential thrombocythaemia 25 pats., myelofibrosis 10 pats.) and elevated platelet counts were studied during 1653 months of continuous treatment with hydroxyurea. Reduction of the platelet level to < 500 × 109/1 was achieved within 8 weeks in 86% of polycythaemia pats., 80% of thrombocythaemia pats., 60% of myelofibrosis pats. Control of disease‐related symptoms was achieved within 1 year in 78% of the patients. There was no instance of severe bone marrow toxicity. Side‐effects of hydroxyurea were modest. Survival was excellent, with 86% probability of survival after 5 yr of therapy. We consider hydroxyurea a first‐choice alternative in the treatment of patients with polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and mylofibrosis with thrombocytosis.


ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of nitrate, chitosan extract or shrimp shell meal on in vitro degradability and gas production kinetics. The study was arranged in a 2 × 7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). Factor A was two ratios of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratio, R:C ratios at 60:40 and 40:60 (R:C), and the other factors were as several kinds and levels of additives (Non: non supplementation; Low-Ni: supplementation with 7 mg of KNO3; High-Ni: supplementation with 14 mg of KNO3; Low-CE: supplementation with 1.6 mg of chitosan extract (CE); High-CE: supplementation with 4.8 mg of chitosan extract; Low-SSM: supplementation with 8 mg of shrimp shell meal (SSM) and High-SSM: supplementation with 24 mg of SSM). Cumulative gas production was significantly decreased in the supplemented group. When increasing the level of a concentrate feed, propionate (C3) and total volatile fatty acid were enhanced, while acetate (C2) and C2 to C3 ratios were reduced (P < 0.05). The C3 and total VFA concentrations were increased with the supplementation of nitrate, chitosan extract and shrimp shell meal. CH4 production by nitrate, chitosan extract and shrimp shell meal addition was found to be lower than that of the control treatment.


Of the millions of Brazilians who currently live ab road, nearly 5 thousand play football in the world's top clubs. This article draws on the anthropological perspective to analyse the migration of these successful Brazilian players in order to understand the characteristics of this particular global circulati on of people and capital which has a huge presence in the mediascape (Appadurai, 1990). Of all 'exports' and emigration s currently underway, that of football players has th e greatest symbolic impact, both in Brazil and abroad. As the brain drain resulting fro m the emigration of scientists, this could be framed as an instance of 'fleeting feet'. I look at the plans, consumption and lifestyle of these players based on ethnographic da ta g thered in Seville, Spain and Eindhoven, Holland, as well as through conversation s with more than 40 Brazilian players living or trying to live in foreign countri es. These contacts took place in Toronto, Canada; Almelo, Groningen, Alkmaar, Rotter dam, and Amsterdam in Holland, Tokyo, Japan; Lyon, Le Mans, Nancy and Lille in Fra nce, Monaco; Charleroi, Belgium; and in Fortaleza, Salvador and Belém, Brazil. I exp lore the intersections of age, social origin and religion, and note that many of the play ers were the youngest siblings in their families. The large majority are low income, and at tend evangelical churches. I also found that these immigrant athletes are increasingl y younger. I conclude that the constant change of employer (club or global club), countries and the large number of 'repatriates' characterise this migratory movement as a circulation. It is what the players call 'rodar', cast positively as an opportunity for amassing experience. This circulation takes place in protected zones, where a banal natio nalism (Billig, 1995) is constantly activated. Even after obtaining legal citizenship, they continue to be seen and to perceive themselves as foreigners. In this case, th erefore, nationalisation has a strategic purpose (Sassen, 2008). I conclude that these playe rs cross geographic borders without really entering the countries, because their border s are not national but those of the clubs.


The paper considers the structural problems and cardinality problems of pairs of non-empty subsets with certain restrictions with respect to the space where the sum is by modulo 2. The described subsets are related, in many cases, to the construction of error-correcting codes on additive communication channels, and to the quantitative bounds of their cardinality.


Poly-crystalline (PC) Ni and Single-crystalline (SC) Ni naoparticles were prepaerd by the thermaldecomposition of Nickel acetate and Nickel acetylacetonate,respectively. The two samples wereheated in organic solvent for carburization at a high temperature. The PC sample transformed torhombohedral phase Nickel carbide is readily,and more interesting,it became single-crystalline aftercarburization. The SC sample appears more difficult to be carburized;it first transformed to anexpanded fcc structure for Nickel carbide following by the transformation to a rhombohedral phaseNickel carbide.However,the carburization product of SC sample is always a mixture of the expandedfcc phase and the rhombohedral phase under the condition we used. The carburization products werecharacterized by XRD,XPS,DSC,and TEM.A mechanism of carburization of Ni NPs was presented based onthe above evidence.


In this paper the determination method of BTEX in water soluble coatings by gas chromatography after the extraction of their water diluted matrix with carbon disulfide is introduced.Use polar and non-polar columns do the qualification and use single column to do the quantification.The liner ranges are 0~120mg/L(r0.9996).The detective limitations are 0.005mg/kg.The recoveries are higher than 90%.This analysis method is rapid and accurate with high flexibility and less interference.


Algal populations were studied in soils from sites representing several major forest types ranging from the spruce–fir forests in the Appalachian Mountains to the Southern pine forests along the Atlantic Coast. In addition, the nitrogen-fixing blue-green algal population of a forest tree nursery was examined.The results of this investigation indicate a general lack of nitrogen-fixing algae in acid forest soils. However, a pronounced development of these algae was observed in the acid nursery soil, especially on the soil surface. Low numbers of algae were found in some forest soils but only when the soil was above pH 5.4. No nitrogen-fixing Cyanophyceae were isolated from soils in the Appalachian Mountains regardless of soil acidity. Nostoc muscorum was the most common nitrogen-fixing species occurring under both forest and nursery conditions. Nostoc commune was isolated only from the nursery soil. Several strains of Nostoc ellipsosporum were obtained from a mixed hardwood–softwood site. An examination of ...


Various evaluation metrics exist for natural language generation tasks, but they have limited utility for story generation since they generally do not correlate well with human judgments and do not measure fine-grained story aspects, such as fluency versus relatedness, as they are intended to assess overall generation quality. In this paper, we propose D ELTA SCORE , an approach that utilizes perturbation to evaluate fine-grained story aspects. Our core idea is based on the hypothesis that the better the story performs in a specific aspect (e.g., fluency), the more it will be affected by a particular perturbation (e.g., introducing typos). To measure the impact, we calculate the likelihood difference between the pre- and post-perturbation stories using a language model. We evaluate D ELTA S CORE against state-of-the-art model-based and traditional similarity-based metrics across multiple story domains, and investigate its correlation with human judgments on five fine-grained story aspects: fluency, coherence, relatedness, logicality, and interestingness. Our results demonstrate that D ELTA S CORE performs impressively in evaluating fine-grained story aspects, and we dis-covered a striking outcome where a specific perturbation appears to be highly effective in measuring most aspects.


Unit commitment analysis in composite generation and transmission systems is presented in this paper using a reliability approach designated as the well-being framework. Assessment of unit commitment in a composite system incorporates the ability of the transmission system to deliver the generated energy to the major load points. A contingency enumeration technique is used to determine the composite system well-being indices for a given number of committed units. The IEEE-Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) is used to illustrate the techniques and procedures presented in this paper.


The feasibility and limitations of various methods for mold heating and cooling were investigated. Two methods were chosen for evaluation: electrical heating and water cooling, and electrical heating and heat pipe conduction cooling. A model mold of each method was built. Test results indicated that the electrical heating and circulated water cooling was the better method. An injection mold utilizing this method was fabricated and temperature-cycled between 300 and 770{degree}F. 1 ref., 2 figs., 7 tabs.


Using the analogy with the electrostatics, in general, the problem of the spatial (three-dimensional) distribution of the electric area of the radiation pulses, which is defined as the time integral of the electric field strength, is resolved in general case when the radiation is generated by the movement of electric charges in a vacuum. The possibility of the formation of unipolar radiation pulses, in which the main polarization component does not change sign during the pulse, is demonstrated.


Objective To develop a LC-MS/MS method for the determination the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 and schisantherin A of shengmai injection in healthy human plasma.Methods Plasma samples were pretreated by acetonitrile,ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 and schisantherin A was detected by the positive electrospray ionization method under multiple reaction monitoring mode.Results The calibration curve of ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 and schisantherin A in plasma was linear over the range of 0.64-509.00,0.62-501.00,1.18-4725.00 and 0.10-153.00 μg·L-1.The limit of quantitation was 0.64,0.62,1.18 and 0.10 μg·L-1.The relative were 78.55%-91.65%,78.57%-104.98%,79.62%-93.17% and 82.50%-104.80%,respectively.The within-day and between-day RSDs were less than 15%.Conclusion This method is accurate,sensitive,and specific,it is suitable for the measurement of plasma ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 and schisantherin A concentration.


In light of an increased role for conceptual understanding of science in English primary schools, the research reported here investigated the views of force and gravity held by 20 primary teachers, using the 'interview about instances' technique. Results are reported in sections dealing with definitions of force; gravity and weight; views of friction; combinations of forces and the concept of a resultant force; reaction forces; force and motion; and finally, the teachers' use of scientific language. Nearly all of the teachers had views of these concepts that were not in accord with generally accepted scientific interpretations—most held views similar to those of children reported by other researchers. Some implications of the findings are discussed.


Leiomyoma's of the oviduct and its ventral ligament (VL) are common tumours of the domestic fowl which develop after the end of the first laying season. In the present study, macroscopic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of the leiomyomas of the reproductive tract and their prevalence were investigated in commercial laying hens. In 60-90 weeks old commercial laying hens, toward the end of the first laying period, the incidence of genital tract leiomyomas were determined as 10.43%. Of these, 95.81% were developed from oviduct VL and 4.19% were oviduct leiomyomas. These tumours were firm, round to oval and microscopically well-circumscribed, consisting of monomorphic spindle cells. In immunohistochemical examination with α-smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin, all tumours were found positive with these markers. To investigate the aetiological importance for tumourogenesis, the plasma concentrations of 17 β-oestradiol and progesterone levels were determined. Concentrations of 17 β-oestradiol and progesterone were higher in hens with tumours than that of non-tumour control animals. The results suggested that there was an association between the levels of 17 β-oestradiol and progesterone and the leiomyomas of genital tract in hens.


Abstract We examine the ML pattern-matching anomalies of useless clauses and non-exhaustive matches. We state the definition of these anomalies, building upon pattern matching semantics, and propose a simple algorithm to detect them. We have integrated the algorithm in the Objective Caml compiler, but we show that the same algorithm is also usable in a non-strict language such as Haskell. Or-patterns are considered for both strict and non-strict languages.


Objective To investigate the alterations and molecular mechanism of transient outward potassi- um currents(I_(to)) in ventricular myocytes from diabetic rats and explore the mechanism of predisposition of arrhyth- mias in diabetes.Methods The diabetes model was established by a single injection of streptozocin(STZ,65 mg/ kg,pH=4.5) I.P.in male Sprague-Dawley rats with weight 150-200 g.Ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic perfusion.The currents were recorded with the whole-cell patch clamp technique,and gene expres- sions of channel-forming subunits (Kv4.2,Kv4.3 and Kv1.4) were semi-quantified by the technique of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The I_(to) density (+70 mV) decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with controls[control:(30.6±3.8)pA/pF(n=9) vs diabetes:(18.9±3.3)pA/pF(n= 29)(P0.01)].The gene expression levels of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 encoding α-subunit of I_(to) in diabetic rats were markedly decreased in contrast with those of controls by 56.9% and 46.6% respectively,while the level of Kv1.4 mRNA increased by 48.0% in diabetes rats (P0.01).Conclusion The decreased density of I_(to) in ventricular myocytes in diabetic rats is mainly attributed to the down regulation of gene expressions of channel-forming α sub- units.


This invention relates to a method for synthesizing vardenafil hydrochloride. The method comprises: (1) performing acylation and nucleophilic addition on D,L-alanine raw material, condensing with 2-ethoxybenzamidine hydrochloride twice, and performing ring-closing reaction to obtain 2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-7-propyl-3H-imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]-trizin-4-one; (2) performing sulfonation reaction to obtain 4-ethoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-oxo-7-propyl imidazo[1,5-f][1,2,4]trizin-4-one)benzenesulfonic acid; (3) reacting with N-ethyl pyrazine to obtain vardenafil, and reacting with HCl to obtain vardenafil hydrochloride. The method has such advantages as easy operation, high yield, and simple process and low reaction condition requirement, thus is suitable for industrialization.


The Indian economy was a traditional economy with majority of the consumers having a preference towards home cooked foods. This posed a major challenge to the major global fast food giants such as McDonalds and KFC to establish their business in India. In recent years the Indian fast food industry is undergoing rapid changes, reflecting a number of underlying developments. The most significant has been the quality and variety of services which have accelerated and broadened the scope of fast food restaurants in India. The global retailers have to compete with the Indian fast food retailers who offer traditional foods according to their tastes at affordable prices. Today, the fast food industry is adapting to Indian food requirements and is growing rapidly in India. It is gaining acceptance primarily from the Indian younger generations and is becoming part of daily life. Keeping in mind the Indian habits and changing preferences towards food consumption, this conceptual study completely focuses on the fact findings related to the opportunities, problems faced and the challenges of the global fast food retailers to set up their business in India. The findings of the study would help the fast food retailers to shore up their strengths and remedy their shortcomings.


My thesis employs a feminist poststructural framework to understand the meaning and use of the term 'slut' and its connection to 'slut-shaming' in contemporary youth culture, specifically in relation to the Niagara region. I argue that the term slut is used as a way to police women's sexuality, and its use and meaning vary depending on gender, 'race' and class. The importance of this study is in connection to sexual violence against women, and the complex ways that derogatory language shapes how people view women in relation to sexual violence. Women and men help maintain and perpetuate the term's harmful meaning, however, the literature suggests the term may have empowering aspects for women and it may be resignified or changed to have more positive meaning. This resignification differs based on a person's gender, 'race', class, etc. and the intersections between them, with women from different cultures noting that the term cannot always be reclaimed based on historical and cultural associations (Armstrong et al., 2014; Mowatt et al., 2013). Findings from my interviews suggest conflicting notions over what the definition of a slut is and its connection to 'shame'. Most participants felt it was primarily young, white women who used the term against each other, and while some used the term in a playful manner, they did not believe it could be reclaimed as something empowering. 1 'Women' is being used as a more broad scope rather than to say girls, young women and then women, as adults and youth may, at times, refer to youth as young adults or young women and men.


The advanced information technology and intelligent technology can change the modern hotel management and mode of operation,can also effectively solve low working efficiency and high labor cost. However,application of these technologies all need effective and safe network to support. According to the character of Z-Stack protocol and the specialization and requirement of using wireless sensor network in hotels,this paper designed a special Z-Stack protocol based on the original Z-Stack protocol for hotel automation. This paper explained network structure,permanent address,security and encryption as well as low power consumption. At last,the paper gives a specific application of the Z-Stack protocol in the door-lock management system of the hotel. The Z-Stack protocol that is proposed in this paper specially for the hotel management is not only high reliability of data transmission,high safety,but also low cost, low power consumption,and can improve the economic benefits of hotels effectively and raise the service level of hotels.


It is common ground amongst observers of class action litigation in Australia that 'securities class actions' (representative proceedings brought on behalf of a class of investors in an entity listed on a stock exchange) are increasing in number and frequency, although there is disagreement over whether the increase in recent years constitutes a 'flood' or should rather be considered steady and stable. Anecdotally, it appears that in recent years defendant strategy has shifted in response to this increase, with defendants and their legal teams evincing more vigorous opposition to class action proceedings in almost all areas of case management. This includes a renewed enthusiasm for interlocutory disputes over the adequacy of the plaintiff's pleaded case at an early stage in the life of a proceeding.


OBJECTIVE:To prepare nattokinase immunoliposomes and its lyophilized product and to evaluate its pharmaceutical quality. METHODS: Nattokinse liposomes were prepared by film dispersion method, then the immunoliposomes were prepared by carbodiimide method coupled anti-human fibrin D-dimer monoclone antibody SZ-63 and lyophilized and evaluated about its pharmaceutical quality. RESULTS: Lyophilized immunoliposomes were multilamellar vesicles with its mean diameter, Zeta potentials at 251.6 nm, —34.6 mV, respectively. The lyophilized product of nattokinase immunoliposomes exhibited good appearance and satisfactory redispersibility, with its loss on drying at 14.30% and critical relative humidity at 45.66%. CONCLUSION: Nattokinase immunoliposomes and its lyophilized product have been prepared successfully.


Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the first in the modern world where social distancing has been so widespread in people's minds as never before in such a short time. Although social distancing is less harmful than quarantine, both have the potential to alter lifestyle, cause fear, financial distress and uncertainty. The objective of this study was to determine the cohesion and adaptability of the patient's family during the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: During the last quarter of 2020, we conducted a survey using the Google Forms platform using the FACES III questionnaire applied to families of patients on the UANL campus which has a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.7%. Results: this study included 99 patients. Most of family patients with COVID-19 were a nuclear family (72.4), followed by extended families (13.3%) and a single parent (8.2) of which all lived in urban areas. Regarding the severity of COVID-19, 63.3% of the patients had mild symptoms, 20.4% had moderate symptoms, and only 9.2% were asymptomatic. In general, they had high cohesion and adaptability. For the cohesion class, the mean tendency was linked / clumped and adaptability was chaotic / flexible; however, we did not find any relationship between family class-severity of the disease and family cohesion or adaptability. We observe a greater tendency towards the type of family with high cohesion and adaptability, being by cohesion related and agglutinated, and by adaptability, flexible and chaotic, however, we did not find any association between the family type by kinship and the severity of the COVID-19 disease with the adaptability and cohesion of the family. The role of the family doctor in family support and the application of family interventions from the diagnosis of the disease, the follow-up, the recovery, and later is important, given the enormous psychosocial impact that the disease entails and the degree of stress and anxiety involved, as well as the relationship that the disease has on rearrangements in family dynamics and functionality.


Objective To grasp the current situation of administrators of infection disease in medical institutions at all levels,in order to provide basis for construction management teams.Method 148 administrators of medical institutions at all levels were investigated by questionnaire.Results The computer special rate of infection disease was low(57.43%) in our city,the average age of disease management group was 37.21,worked less than 5 years was accounted for 56.08%,tertiary education was accounted for 44.59%,public health professionals was accounted for 41.89%,medical and nursing was accounted for 42.57%,other medical professionals and non-health technicians was accounted for 15.54%.With intermediate certificated and above was accounted for 30.41%,without professional title was 10.14%,90.54% of the administrators took part in the training above the county level within 1 year and 75.00% were part-time staffs.Conclusions The management of infectious diseases administrators in medical institutions of lianyungang city need to strengthen and professional quality should to be improved.


Introduction 1. Womens's history and the history of women teachers 2. Gender and the growth of the educational state: California, 1850-1940 3. Culture, schools, and community: Tulare and Kings counties 4. Subjugated knowledge: lives of women teachers, 1860-1920 5. Memory and identity: lives of women teachers, 1920-1940 6. The work of teaching in rural schools, 1920-1940 7. Men take control, 1940-1950 Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.


As the current advancement of health technology nears completion, so does the desire to discuss and learn about it. Scientists from both Islamic and non-Islamic scientific groups are discussing and even participating in its development. The advancement of health technology, which is valued by almost the entire world's population, necessitates a review of its benefits and drawbacks, including Islamic academics who see this necessity in terms of its relevance to aspects of Islamic law. According to academics, Islamic law in relation to technological developments is dynamic. It is subject to change due to its distinct nature from the source of law. Sources of law are qat'i (static), whereas legal products derived from these sources of law are zanni (dynamic); ensure change. The bizarre potential of this law is then used to trace all kinds of events, both old and new, particularly those concerning the advancement of contemporary health sciences.


The analysis of structures and, in particular, the determination of their failure mode are the basic requirements in the field of civil engineering. Obtaining this information in high-rise structures or structures with complex irregular layouts is a difficult process, which even with the use of specialized computer software is very time-consuming. In recent years, meta-heuristic algorithms have been used extensively in engineering optimization problems. This research presents an automated approach to assess plastic loads and failure modes of two-dimensional frames, in which the plastic analysis of moment frames has been optimized using the modified dolphin echolocation optimization algorithm. This method is based on the creation of the basic collapse mechanisms, which, following their combination, should reach the minimum coefficient of plastic collapse loads using virtual work theory. The efficiency of this algorithm is verified using four sample frames, which, their exact solution including minimum load factor and the corresponding critical failure mode of the structure, exit in other research. Comparison of the results shows that the proposed method provides very good results with high precision and speed and also demonstrates the failure mechanism of the structure. Meanwhile, the modifications made in this method have greatly reduced the volume of calculations. Moreover, applying changes to the dolphin echolocation optimization algorithm led to the use of this optimization algorithm for binary problems for the first time, which ultimately resulted in a good convergence rate.


Implementing blended learning strategy in higher education requires a learning management system (LMS) that is stable, well-proven, and accessible by both teachers and students alike. Google Classroom is an LMS that meets the aforementioned criteria and it has a steady growing acceptance because of its cross-platform presence, stability, and ease-of-use. Though Classroom has gained many users in K-12 environment, it has not gained the same progress in higher education. To investigate whether Classroom can bring positive impact in a higher education course, a research was conducted by utilizing Classroom as an LMS to support blended learning strategy in a Pengantar Linguistik Umum class for a semester. Research participants' were university students who enrolled in PLU class. Then, the course was conducted by combining face-to-face meeting and online learning facilitated by Google Classroom. Class teacher surveyed students' knowledge and perceptions about blended learning at the beginning of the course and at the end of semester to investigate their perceptions of using LMS in blended learning environment. The Classroom was used to share video podcasts, online quizzes, and assignments. This research showed that Classroom was a satisfying LMS for blended learning in PLU course because of its features, user-friendliness, and appropriateness in higher education program.


There were high expectations that shortly after the prolonged military rule in Nigeria and the return to civil rule on May 29, 1999, peace, order and security of lives and properties, as well as adequate provision of infrastructural facilities would be ensured. However, these expectations have remained illusory. Massive repression of the civil society groups by successive military regimes and the failure of the Obasanjos government to meet the yearnings and aspirations of the people have made them resort to seeking solace in cultural and ethnic identities. This explains the emergence and activism of ethnic militias like Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC), Egbesu Boys of Africa, Ijaw Youth Movement, Movement for the Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), Arewa Peoples Congress (APC), Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) and Front for Ijaw Survival and Hope (FISH), among others.


Objectives:Primary objective was to identify leukocyte subsets that could predict the early evolution of sepsis at 48 hours (i.e., deterioration or stability/improvement). Secondary objectives were to evaluate the prognostic value of leukocyte subsets on mortality and immunosuppressive properties of immature granulocytes. Design:Twenty-three peripheral blood leukocyte subsets were analyzed using a new-generation 10-color flow cytometry. T-cell killing activity of immature granulocytes was explored using a sorting method specifically developed. Setting:ICUs and emergency departments. Patients:All patients admitted to emergency department and ICU for sepsis ongoing for less than 24 hours were eligible. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, age less than 18 years, solid tumors, HIV infection, hematological or inflammatory conditions, and immunosuppressive drugs. Finally, 177 patients were included. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:The two most salient features of sepsis were decreased CD10 (CD10dim) and CD16 (CD16dim) expressions on granulocytes. With a threshold of 90% of CD10dim and 15% of CD16dim granulocytes, these immunophenotypic features, which are those of immature granulocytes, predicted sepsis deterioration at 48 hours with a sensitivity of 57% and 70% and a specificity of 78% and 82%, respectively. Survival rate at day 30 was 99% for patients without CD10dim and CD16dim, 85% for patients with increased CD16dim only, and 63% for patients with increased CD16dim and CD10dim granulocytes (p < 0.001). Among CD16dim immature granulocytes, we identified a CD14neg/CD24pos myeloid-derived suppressor cell subset with the capability of killing activated T cells. Consistently, an excess of CD16dim immature granulocytes was associated with both CD3 and CD4 T-cell lymphopenia in deteriorating patients. Conclusions:Circulating immature granulocytes predicted early sepsis deterioration and were enriched in myeloid-derived suppressor cells which could be responsible for immunosuppression through the induction of T-cell lymphopenia.


AbstractThe effects of various heat treatments on grain boundary structure and chemistry have been investigated for two series of nickel based alloys of types 600 and 690, using Auger electron spectroscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The alloys were also tested with respect to their resistance to intergranular corrosion in 30%NaOH + 10%Na2SO4 solution at 350°C. Results indicate that there are several microstructural conditions that are susceptible to intergranular corrosion in this environment. Grain boundaries that contain a high concentration of segregated impurities, such as phosphorus without carbide precipitates, resulted in the highest susceptibility to corrosion. Thermal treatment at 704°C for 16 h following solution annealing at high temperatures caused the precipitation of chromium rich carbides at the grain boundaries with no significant chromium depletion. Such a treatment dramatically improved the corrosion resistance of both alloys. A compar...


Broad bandwidth represents one of the features the most sought after in electron tubes. In linear accelerators, it ensures the insensitiveness of the RF-structure to mechanical error or beam loading. This is commonly achieved by increasing the coupling between accelerating cells. To go further however, coalescence between two passbands or more is being used. The postcoupled Alvarez structure, the side-coupled or resonant slot-coupled cavity chain, as well as the dish-and-washer structure, among others, are well known examples. More generally, coalescence can take place in complex RF-structures such as multiperiodic systems. Presently, the use of mode coalescence is extended to certain types of RF-structures in TWTs in order to avoid band-edge oscillations. The purpose of this paper is to derive rules that mode coalescence obeys. Examples will be given for illustrations.


This paper is taking Kangjie disinfecting tableware distribution center as an example. First of all, analyze the basic operation processes and the whole area is divided into eight parts. Use SLP method to analyze the correlation between logistics and non-logistics, the combination of these two can get a comprehensive correlativity. And determine the extent of distance correlation between regions and to determine the location of each operation area. The goal of this paper is to relatively optimize the design of the spatial layout and area of the Kangjie disinfection tableware distribution center, and further improve the rationality of the distribution center.


In order to reveal the mechanism of coal mass dynamic damage,the impacting compression test of coal sample was made by φ50 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar( SHPB) experimental system under different strain rate. The experimental results show that the preliminary dynamic constitutive curve shows great nonlinear and initial elastic modulus,yield strength and ultimate strength increase with the strain rate increasing,but plastic deformation first increases and then decreases. According to the dynamic constitutive curve characteristics and previous constitutive model research,damage visco-elastic constitutive model was introduced by using elastic and plastic theory. Dynamic constitutive model fitting curve has a good agreement with the measured curve,fitting results show that dynamic mechanical properties of the coal have different sensitivity with high and low strain rate,it's more sensitive to the high strain rate,especially when the strain rate is 300 s-1,the plastic flow of coal is strongest and the strain-stress curves exhibit the second kinds of unloading( positive slope).


The article analyses the text of Security Council Resolutions on the conflict in the former Yugoslavia for the period between September 1991 and 1997. It searches for evidence of a shift on the part of the Council towards an acceptance of the idea of universal human rights and their importance to international peace and security. The article concludes that the Resolutions do suggest that such a shift is underway, and this contributes to a greater concern for justice as an element of order in international relations.


The establishment of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) was a turning point for high‐standard postgraduate training in various medical disciplines in the country. The institute attracted many leading teachers and clinicians for its faculty from medical colleges in India and abroad. There was a congenial atmosphere to excel in all aspects of medical education, clinical services, and research.