Enhanced rates of mass transfer in the wake region behind detached cylindrical turbulence promoters were investigated with the use of the naphthalene sublimation technique. The maximum increase in the average rate of mass transfer through laminar boundary layers was over 170%. The remarkable feature of these results was that the enhanced rates of mass trasfer persisted for over one hundred and thirty cylinder diameters downstream from the cylinder generating the wake. The observed effect was not only strongly dependent on the free stream velocity and the location of the cylinders relative to the mass transfer surface, but there were marked differences observed between the rate of mass transfer in the wake region behind one and behind two cylinders. These results resemble a "tuning phenomenon" and are believed to be due to Tollmein-Schlichting instabilities and premature transition.


The invention relates to an elevator door lock device of a vertical sliding door. A fixed base is fixed on a stand column of the door and is provided with a lock base and a connecting rod; the lock base is internally provided with a spring and a lock latch; a bracket with a switch contact plate is fixed on the lock latch; a door ball is arranged at the upper end of a reverse L-shaped connecting rod; a bearing is arranged in the middle of the connecting rod and is sleeved on a fixed shaft; the lower end is connected with the lock latch through a lock connecting rod; a door plate is provided with a bracket with an electric switch, a locked clamp and an emergency unlocking device; the electric switch and the switch contact plate are access to a circuit; when a shaft door is closed, the distance between the locked clamp and the lock latch is not less than 7mm, and the switch is in lap joint with the contact plate; the outer force enables the connecting rod to rotate around a fixed shaft; the lock latch is disengaged from the locked clamp; and the switch is separated from the touch plate. The invention has the advantages that the door lock device beside the hall door is convenient for installation, use and maintenance; the movement is reliable, the connecting rod rotates under the gravity of the door ball during failure of the spring and the door lock device is locked; and mechanical and electric leakage is ensured to prevent false operation reliably.


In bis study, "Sittliche Forderung und Erkenntnis Gottes", Bruno Schüller wishes, if I have understood him, to argue against any sort of internal dependence of the notion of moral Obligation upon belief in God. At the end of the piece, though, he makes a certain concession in that he seems to say that atheist or agnostic theorists are less likely to discover ethical truths in the world, more likely to develop so-called non-cognitivistic theories. But, he argues, they need not, citing the examples of Iris Murdoch and G. E. Moore. The question, however, is not whether this or that person denied God while affirming Obligation, but whether anyone can be consistent in so doing. Also near the end of his study Schüller puts forward an argument based on the notion of human dignity (Würde) äs in itself, i. e. without reference to God, perceptible äs calling forth or eliciting the moral principle, love thy neighbour äs thyself. He argues, if God has created man with this dignity, then he has it in truth, which means it can be perceived in logical independence of perceiving that God has given it to him. »Wenn dem Menschen wirkliche Würde eigen ist, in se, obschon ab alio, dann ist meines Erachtens nicht zu sehen, warum sie nicht in einem direkten Blick auf den Menschen erfaßt werden könne.« To which of course one might reply that certainly I can see the No Parking notice independently of seeing the city councillors who promulgated it, just äs I can see the visiting lecturer dignified by his doctor's gown, but if any doubt arises äs to the rightful provenance of that notice or that gown, then the validity of that law, the worth of that pretension to dignity, solid äs it may seem, are put in question. The two views, notwithstanding, are presented in the persons of Vasquez and Suarez, Schüller arguing for the former and against the latter. In a discussion of Newman he raises the difficulty of distinguishing the Freudian super-ego, or conscience äs criticized by Nietzsche äs "human, all too human", from what he regards äs authentic conscience.


LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English ; abstract also in Chinese.
胚胎研究的"十四天規則"已經在國際上實施了幾十年。當前,很多科學家正在挑戰這一限制,因為技術進步使得人類胚胎和胚胎的細胞模型可以培養到其早期發育階段的後期。一些學者質疑人們長期以來持有的胚胎研究應該受到限制的信念,即超過十四天的胚胎研究是不道德的,他們開始提出替代性指導方針。本文通過回顧"十四天規則"的歷史和受這一規則影響的新興研究領域的情況,審查一項新的關於人類胚胎和類胚胎的指南。我們表明社會和政治哲學、形而上學和倫理學所關注的問題對於解釋和應用新的建議或開發替代方案具有核心作用。至關重要的是,科學家在突破十四天的限制去做任何研究之前,應該制訂明確的、深思熟慮的、且有文化敏感性的指導方針,包括具體限制和監督程式,以確保科學能夠適當地回應社會的需求和價值判斷。
After 40 years of abiding by an international guideline that barred human embryo research beyond day 14 of embryonic development, many scientists are now challenging this limit due to technological advances suggesting that embryos and cell-based models of embryos can be cultured to later points in early development. Some scholars have questioned the long-held belief that research beyond 14 days is unethical and have begun proposing alternative guidelines for research. In this paper, we examine a proposal for new human embryo and embryoid guidelines by reviewing the history of the 14-day limit and emerging areas of research that are impacted by these guidelines. We then show how social and political philosophy, metaphysics, and ethics are central to interpreting and applying these new recommendations or developing alternatives. Before conducting any research beyond day 14, scientists must develop clear, thoughtful, and culturally sensitive guidelines that include limitations and oversight procedures to ensure that science responds to societal needs and values.


The following is a continuation of the work described in a previous paper (Reid, 1930). The intention was to amplify that work by the investigation of the conditions of salinity interchange on sandy shores of less ideal type. It was considered likely that various factors might affect the condition of the water held by the sand. For instance, the rate of flow of the fresh water and its depth; irregularity in the slope of the beach; the depth of the sand and the nature of the floor on which it rests. The rate of flow of the water is not a simple factor however. It is correlated with the slope of the beach in that faster streams are usually on steeper beaches. The effect of this dual factor will be discussed later.


Electrical Machines are crucial elements in the power generation system. In this regard, Synchronous Generators (SG) are capital components in Power Generation plants and their eventual outages may have very negative repercussions. Despite these machines are extremely monitored, one of the most important problems still faced by SG relies on the proper determination of the insulation condition. Although there are several methods that are commonly used for diagnosing the health of such element, some critical aspects remain unsolved. This paper reviews the different methods and techniques that are nowadays employed in the field to determine the condition of the insulation system in SG. This review comes together with several practical measurements and real cases referred to Medium Voltage SG operating in real plants. The paper provides a critical insight on the state of art in the field, remarking the open research lines related to this important part of the machine.


In this paper, we improve and further generalize some Ostrowski-Gruss type inequalities for the fractional integrals by using new Montogomery identities.


T HOUGH the United States and the United Kingdom are dissimilar in many important respects, their security markets are rather alike. In both countries, almost instantaneous sales and purchases can be made of securities representing claims on thousands of companies. The securities are owned and traded by a large number of individuals and institutions at prices that are made public. The companies whose securities are traded are required to publish financial statements that conform to legally required minimum standards of disclosure, and the accounting on which these statements are based is surprisingly similar. However, the United States relies on public regulation of financial disclosure (SEC); whereas, the United Kingdom relies on private regulation (The Stock Exchange). This paper explores the differences, costs and benefits of the two systems and concludes that, in many important respects, private regulation is preferable. Though the U.S. Federal Securities Acts were modeled after the U.K. Companies Acts (which predated them by almost a century), they are administered quite differently. In 1934, the United States established the Securities and Ex


TransitID is a new methodology based on proximity labeling allowing for the study of protein trafficking a the proteome scale.


The cemented stems of two cases were revised with cementless stems of bipolar hip prosthesis. In one patient, the femoral shaft was perforated by the drill. In another patient, a fracture of upper medial site of the femoral shaft was recognized by postoperative roentgenogram. The fracture was due to unremoved bone cement conecting to the lateral part of inner surface of the femoral canal. Prevention of these complications needs meticulous attentions. For example, preparation of operative instruments, and the careful intraoperative procedure.


A Data-Centric Approach to Optimal Crystallization Control The large quantity of data provided by process analytical technologies during synthesis and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients provides a new opportunity to learn optimal control policies directly from the real-time data. Fundamental physical models such as population balance models are not required, as the process model is learned directly from the PAT data—but if available they can be integrated into the calculations. The optimal control policy provides a compact form for online implementation, circumventing the need for computationally intensive online optimization that may hinder the implementation of nonlinear model predictive control in pharmaceutical manufacturing. A key challenge in machine learning is the definition of a minimal set of features to characterize the system state, and methods for automated feature selection will be discussed. Here a minimal feature set is posed using physical intuition and measured by PAT: crystal mass from infrared spectroscopy, crystal chord count from FBRM, and crystal size from microscopy. Webinar Series of the Working Party on Crystallization 9-11 September 2020 Working Party on Crystallization, EFCE Page 7 of 35 Prof. Dr. Heiko Briesen School of Life Sciences TU Munich, Munich, Germany Ph.D. 2002, RWTH Aachen, Germany Prof. Briesen's research interests: The transfer and new development of process systems engineering concepts for food and beverage technology and biological processes, with the aid of mathematical and computer science techniques in order to develop new and optimize existing products and processes


The article reviews the exhibition "Forgetting the Hand" featuring works by artists Marcel Dzama and Raymond Pettibon at the art gallery David Zwirner in 2016.


This paper discusses what would make up the ideal whole health family oriented community center. It looks at the history of community centers in a general manner, and it looks at three existing community centers in New Hampshire. This paper also addresses potential problems and difficulties a whole health family oriented community center might face.


In recent decades, the idea that moral facts are not discovered but constituted by some hypothetical procedure or the attitudes of rational agents has been gaining support inside and outside of religious ethics. Often referred to as constructivism, this metaethical view proposes that moral facts are constituted by the attitudes of agents, i.e., what people would agree under some rational or idealized procedures of construction, not by facts determined by independent moral reality.


Hypertension is the product of environmental factors and genetic individual,is an important risk factor result to heart,cerebrovascular diseases.Adult period hypertension begin in children period. Therefore,related high risk factors were ensured in early period,prevention interventions were done to high-risk groups for prevention. The paper collect the risk factors of children hypertension,and to make corresponding care interventions.


We report an unusual patient who fitted the criteria for Fisher's syndrome, but early in his clinical course, before becoming areflexic, had definite evidence of limb spasticity with hyperreflexia and bilateral Babinski signs. Although MRI studies were negative, his clinical signs and evoked potentials indicated central involvement


ABSTRACT The mechanism of sound production in tettigoniids is examined by applying the method of 'cepstrum' analysis to insect calls. The power cepstrum is defined as the inverse Fourier transform of the logarithmic power spectrum. This analysis shows that the tettigoniid sound signal is a convolution in time of probably two components. The first is caused by the initial impact of teeth of the stridulatory file on the left wing against the plectrum on the right wing (termed the input pulse); the second is caused by the oscillating properties of the tegmina (these being a function of the intrinsic frequencies of dorsal fields and mirror and their damping properties). In the cepstrum each component appears as a varying number of peaks. The tooth impacts cause a very low quefrency peak probably representing the time in which the two tegmina are in contact during each impact and high quefrency peaks representing the impulse repetition rate. The oscillating properties of the tegmina cause two major quefrency p...


In the article were investigated peculiarities of the economic-organizational mechanism of the organic agro-food products market development in the EU. Also, the aim of the work was to develop recommendations on the formation mechanism of the development of the investigated sphere on the basis of the conducted analysis. Based on conducted analysis, it was found out that the range of instruments to support and stimulate organic production in these countries can be united into three groups: legal, financial and communicative. It was proved, that this system construction of public policy mechanism of organic agri-food products market development is quite effective and promising for use in domestic practice provided that it is adapted. Based on the use of various scientific and special methods the directions of implementation of specified three-component mechanism in Ukraine have been suggested. The formation of suggestions for improving the national legal base and elaborated pricing system for organic agri-food products can be also referred to the results of this work. JEL сode – Q58.


A method for generating drops of liquid insulators using electrostatic spraying is reported. This method differs from normal electrostatic spraying in the method of charging the liquid. A sharp needle placed in the liquid near the end of a capillary is raised to a high potential, thus injecting charge into the liquid. As the voltage is raised, a jet is formed electrostatically with the size of the jet decreasing with increasing voltage. A theoretical prediction of the jet radius as a function of current is obtained by finding the amount of electrical energy which goes into mechanical energy. Experimental results of the spraying of silicone oils are given and compared with the theory.


Disclosed are a coating composition for forming a low-refractive-index layer, an antireflective film using the same, and an image display device including the antireflective film. In detail, the invention provides a coating composition including a fluorine compound, a reactive silicon compound, a (meth)acrylate compound, a polymerization initiator, and a solvent, an an not tireflective film using the same, and an image display device including the antireflective film. Using the coating composition, an antireflective film having low reflectance and high transmittance and exhibiting a sufficient antifouling property and high durability, can be provided, along with an image display device including the film.


There is increasing public scrutiny of deaths among surgical patients. This analysis sought evidence of changes in practice over time in the management of patients who died under surgical care.


The cyber security has become a mandatory aspect in every industry. The cyber security companies publish threat reports on regular basis. However, their reports are based on internal data and cannot provide complete network attack trends. In this study, we present a survey on malware and ransomware attack trends by using the data obtained from multiple threat reports. We collect, process, and analyze the data to present it in the form of information. The presented information is useful for corporate executives and cyber insurance companies to examine the impact of malware and ransomware attacks in the recent years. As future prospect, we would like to use the presented information to formulate a cyber risk model of ransomware attack. We would like to develop a model to estimate the potential losses of an organization due to a successful ransomware attack.


Water is not only important economic resource, but also key environment resource. Because of backward economic research of water resources, China's some major economic policy-making is unable to decide which is right, and that seriously restrict sustainable development of China's economic society. The paper considers that it has very important significance in making a approach on water resource economy, especially for regional water resource economy. Moreover, it points out basic methods, such as setting up index system, forming the pictures and evaluation models of regional water economy.


This study reports on the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) that was rapidly consolidated via plasma pressure compaction (P 2 C ® ). Titanium diboride powder with 2.5 wt % of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), as a sintering aid, was rapidly consolidated using P 2 C ® to inhibit grain growth and ensure high strength and ductility of the consolidated material. The consolidated specimens were 93.5% of theoretical density. The microstructure of the consolidated material was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. Oxygen concentration in the consolidaxed sample was 13.55% less than in the as-received powders. The flexure strength, fracture toughness, Young's modulus, and Vickers hardness of the consolidated specimens were measured at room temperature and were found to be equivalent if not superior to those reported in the literature.


The territorial behaviour of the Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus
 palustris was studied during four seasons (1974-1977) in a colourringed
 population breeding in the Liege valley, eastern Belgium.
 Adapted to the exploitation of thick herbaceous vegetation,
 Marsh Warblers occupy small and clustered territories (of 5-10
 ares, or 0.1-0.2 acre on average) which contain suitable nest-sites
 (figs 1 and 4). Pair formation takes place when a female stops
 in a territory to select a nest-site . Most pairs of this singlebroo
 ded species continue to defend a territory until the hatching
 of their young, by which time settlements of newly-arrived birds
 h ave almost come to an end. Late breeding pairs stop defending
 a territory relatively earlier in the bree ding cycle. The food for
 the young is largely searched for outside the initial territory
 (fig. 1 C) ; even before the nestling stage, extraterritorial excursions
 are frequent, especially by males.
 The Reed Warbler A. scirpaceus is the only other species
 that Marsh Warblers systematically expel from their territories.
 Males (whose full song has a territorial function) play the
 main role in territorial defence, but females also show some
 territorial aggression, especially when their partners are (temporarily
 or not) absent.
 The size of the defended territory varies according to the
 time of settlement, the position of the territory in relation to the
 neighbours, the temperament of the owners, the type of vegetation
 contained in it, and the stage of the breeding cycle. Territories
 of early settlers (mid-May) are initially larger than thos e
 of birds arriving in the middle or near the end of the main
 settlement period (late May). On average, the territory is most
 extensive a t pair formation (Fe in fig. 5), then shrinks p rogressively
 until the end of incub ation. The average size of a territory
 is smallest where nest-sites are most dense. In the exceptionally
 dry 1976 season, suitable nest-sites were more spaced out and
 the breeding density (10.6 pairs/ha) was the lowest observed in the period of study. This adjustment was achieved despite the
 very wide variety of individual temperaments in territoria]
 aggression.
 The possession by males of a territory rich in nest-sites
 seems indisp ensable for p air form ation to succeed ; during courtship, the territory protects the pair against interference from male
 neigbours. There is some evidence that territoriality limits breeding
 density, but the adjustment of the breeding population to the
 local ressources can only be approximate as discussed in some
 detail


Foreword In his 2001 address to the World Health Assembly, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said: " The biggest enemy of health in the developing world is poverty ". Globally, there is a stark relationship between poverty and poor health: in the Least Developed Countries, life expectancy is just 49 years, and one in ten children do not reach their first birthday. In high-income countries, by contrast, the average life span is 77 years and the infant mortality rate is six per 1000 live births. Poverty creates ill-health because it forces people to live in environments that make them sick, without decent shelter, clean water or adequate sanitation. Poverty creates hunger, which in turn leaves people vulnerable to disease. Poverty denies people access to reliable health services and affordable medicines, and causes children to miss out on routine vaccinations. Poverty creates illiteracy, leaving people poorly informed about health risks and forced into dangerous jobs that harm their health. The World Bank study Voices of the Poor , which gathered the views of more than 60,000 poor people across the globe, highlights many of these issues. Voices of the Poor looks broadly at poverty, its determinants and consequences. Health and ill-health emerged as central concerns of those consulted, prompting WHO and the World Bank to collaborate on a separate publication that would highlight the relationship between poverty and poor health from the perspective of poor people. Dying for Change is the result. It aims to illuminate from a human, qualitative perspective what many quantitative studies have already recorded: how poverty creates ill-health, and how ill-health leads to poverty. It also highlights the link between good health and economic survival. Poor people everywhere say how much they value good health. A fit, strong body is an asset that allows poor adults to work and poor children to learn. A sick, weak body is a liability, both to the individual and those who must support them. In particular, poor families are concerned about the health of their breadwinner – when he or she dies, or needs expensive medical treatment, the costs can be devastating. The family may be thrown into a cycle of poverty from which it cannot escape. One of the strongest messages to emerge from the study is that poor people are angry and frustrated at their exclusion. They understand why they are ill and why they are poor, and often …


Chemical composition and swelling behaviour of crude tamarind gum from Tamarindus indica seed were observed and compared with modified gums as used carboxymethylation reaction. The condition of carboxymethylation at 70°C for 60 min of reaction time and methanol as solvent media was used. Different mole ratios of sodium hydroxide to monochloroacetic acid (nNaOH/nMCA) from 1 to 2.78 were studied and then its degree of substitution (DS) of both crude and carboxymethylated tamarind gums was also determined and compared. Then the swelling property of all samples was evaluated by using gravimetric technique (weight difference between dry and wet polymer). The results from swelling test showed that crude tamarind gum behaved low swelling while carboxymethylated tamarind gums showed high swelling profiles, ranged from 17 to 81% during 60 min. This is a preliminary assessment to expressing pharmaceutical application possibility of tamarind gum as disintegrant, diluent and drug release controlling agent.


With the democratization of mobile devices embedding different positioning capabilities, the location of users is now collected to track the location of users. When used for behavioral profiling, this tracking for enhancing raises more and more privacy concerns.Depending on the permissions, mobile applications can get a fine-grained user's location from the GPS or a coarse-grained location by requesting location data provider with surrounding Wi-Fi access points for instance. While using the GPS does not rely on external untrusted party, requesting a location data provider clearly exposes the location of users. Whereas location privacy has been an active research field this last decade, most of the contributions are performed on GPS-based data, and it is not clear how to efficiently protect Wi-Fi-based positioning to preserve the users' privacy. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to preserve users' privacy from curious location data providers when requesting users' location from Wi-Fi while supporting high-utility. The key idea behind our online approach is to combine a random sampling (for controlling the quantity of revealed information) and a obfuscation scheme (for ensuring privacy-preserving information disclosure). We exhaustively evaluate our solution with a real dataset of mobility traces collected through multiple sensors. We show that the proposed approach provides a trade-off between privacy (i.e., avoiding to reveal its true location) and utility (i.e., still benefiting from services such as places recommendation) fully controllable by the users. Lastly, we also discuss the integration of our protection scheme in mobile operating systems.


We show that 1D array of nonlinear evanescently-coupled waveguides could be used as a quasi 2D lattice via a synthetic frequency dimension induced by nonlinear coupling. We demonstrate the analogy of this platform to a multi-level atom interacting with light for classical and quantum photonic states. Using this framework, we adapt well-known coherent processes from atomic optics, such as electromagnetically induced transparency and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to design novel photonic devices. Owing to demonstrated ultra-low noise of sum-frequency generation in lithium niobate, our devices are particularly useful for quantum information applications: quantum memory and quantum transduction.


In recent years, two-channel complex-valued filterbanks have been studied and found theirs several important applications by many researchers, such as complex signal and image processing. One of those important results is that there is no two-channel complex-valued linear-phase paraunitary filterbank (CLPPUFB), except for its filter lengths of 2. In this paper, we introduce a class of special complex-valued filterbanks which is a subclass of biorthogonal filterbanks. Those filterbanks are called complex pseudo-orthogonal filterbanks (CPOFB), based on the concept of pseudo-orthogonality (PO). This kind of orthogonality, we propose, is different from the conventional one essentially. This paper also shows possibility to design a two-channel complex linear-phase filterbank (CLPFB) with its filter lengths are more than 2, based on PO. Finally, we show a design example of a complex linear-phase pseudo-orthogonal filterbank (CLPPOFB). Moreover, such CPOFB can satisfy the linear-phase condition simultaneously with filter lengths are more than 2. This paper shows a theory, a design method and an example of CLPPOFB


The authors surveyed a group of 745 public school teachers and compared them with college seniors in regard to a number of topics of concern to society today. They found that the use of drugs was more widespread among teachers than expected and that there was a close similarity between college seniors and teachers under age 30 in all areas examined. The authors point out the need for more studies on the attitudes and practices of teachers and on the effects of these factors on teaching programs.


Background  Induction of cytotoxic T cells by dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising approach to tumour‐immunotherapy. A standardized effective preparation of DCs remains a challenge for clinical application.


In this paper, a review on characterization of transistors in nano dimension for improving ICs integration was presented. Various novel device structures are being extensively explored because the conventional silicon MOSFET has scaling limits. This work was focused on fabrication technology and characterization of nanowire transistor, FinFET transistor, and carbon nanotube transistor and its applications.


As an effective means of anti-jamming,channel coding technology can ensure the reliability of underwater acoustic data transmission in a large extent.Based on the study on the coding theory of QC-LDPC code and combines with CRC,it is applied to wireless transmission for underwater acoustic data in this article.With the algorithm for simulation,the simulation results show that QC-LDPC code has a good performance in wireless underwater acoustic data systems.


Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumors, also called neuroendocrine carcinomas, are those that form in any region of the neuroendocrine system. Although they are more common in the gastrointestinal tract (67.5%), their appearance in the esophagus is rare. Another important characteristic is its slow growth and low degree of aggressiveness. Case report: A46-year-old male patient, seeking care for progressive phagia for solidspathstenoses digestive endoscopy that showed the diagnosis of distal esophagus whose anatomoological and immunohistochemical was of a neuroendocrine esophageal tumor. Subjected to staging, there were numerous liver metastases and lymph node enlargement of the celiac trunk, and palliative treatment was chosen. The patient had an unfavorable evolution, progressing to jaundice, ascites, worsening of general condition, progressed to death in about 3 months after diagnosis. Discussion: The incidence and prevalence of neuroendocrine esophageal tumor has been increasing since 1970 due to the modernization of diagnostic techniques. Despite the increase in diagnostic capacity, this pathology remains rare, corresponding to 0.15% - 2.80% of esophageal carcinomas. The median survival time for patients with this neoplasm is 22.4 months, having a totally different evolution from other neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive tract..

https://www.sciencexcel.com/articles/Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor  Case Report


C, C1 = centers of masses of the system and the main body E = 3 3 identity matrix H, hw, hp = angular momenta of the system, the wheel, and the pendulum Ĥ = angular momentum of the system as ! 0 Ib, Iw = moments of inertia of the spacecraft main body and wheel J = moment of inertia including main body, wheel, and slosh mass m1, m2 = masses of spacecraft main body and pendulum bob O = pivot point of the pendulum (center of tank location) r = length of massless rod connecting the pendulum bob assumed constant r, ro, rp = position vectors from O to m2, C1 to O, and C1 to m2 ro = distance from C1 to O t = time, s To = frictional torque about O ur, up = r=r and rp=r xiyizi = body-fixed frame having its origin at Ci = momentum wheel torque = viscosity of the liquid fuel , = coordinates of the spherical pendulum = proportionality factor in gyrostat equilibrium equation = ratio of m2 to the total mass, m1 m2 = nutation angle = time duration, s = angular velocity of the momentum wheel !, !e = angular velocities of the spacecraft and the Earth


We present an updated timing solution and an analysis of the profile evolution—including precession and beam shape—of the young, relativistic binary pulsar J1906+0746. The 144‐ms pulsar, in a 3.98‐hour orbit with eccentricity 0.085 [1], was initially discovered during the early stages of the ALFA (Arecibo L‐band Feed Array) pulsar survey [2] using the 305‐metre Arecibo telescope and was subsequently found in archival Parkes Multibeam Survey data. We have since been regularly monitoring the system using the Arecibo and Green Bank telescopes, and include data from the Jodrell Bank, Parkes, Nancay and Westerbork telescopes. The nature of the binary companion will also be discussed based on improved estimates of the total and companion masses obtained from the updated timing solution.


To achieve activatable triplet-triplet-annihilation (TTA) upconversion, we linked a diiodoBodipy triplet photosensitizing unit and perylene triplet energy acceptor/annihilation/emitter using a disulfide bond (dyad BP-1), which can be selectively cleaved by thiols. For comparison, a reference dyad featuring a shorter and more chemically robust 1,2,3-triazole linker between the two components was also prepared (dyad BP-2). The photophysical properties of these compounds have been studied using steady-state and time-resolved transient spectroscopies, forward singlet energy transfer and backward triplet energy transfer (ping-pong energy transfer) were observed. For BP-1, the rate for forward intramolecular Forster Resonance Energy Transfer from perylene to diiodoBodipy is kFRET = 1.9 x 10^8 s^-1, while the backward triplet-triplet-energy-transfer (TTET) process from diiodoBodipy to perylene was slightly slower, with kTTET = 3.7x10^7 s^-1. For BP-2, faster energy transfer kinetics were determined (kFRET = 3.1 ...


CHLORPROMAZINE has been shown to be a powerful inhibitor of various kinds of mitochondrial activity in uitro, e.g., oxidative phosphorylation (BERGER, 1957; ABOOD and ROMANCHEK, 1957 ; YAMAMOTO, TSUJIMOTO, TSUJIMURA, MINAMI and KUROGOCHI, 1957; LWHRS, BACIGALUPO, KADENBACH and HEISE, 1959; Low, 1959 b; DAWKINS, JUDAH and REES, 1959 a; MORACZEWSKI and DUBOIS, 1959; BEYER, LAMBERG and NEYMAN, 1961; LPIVTRUP, 1963), ATPase (Low, 1959 b; DAWKINS et al., 1960; LBVTRUP, 1964), NADH,-cytochrome creductase(DAwKINS eta!., 1959 b),cytochrome oxidase (YAMAMOTO et al., 1957; DAWKINS et al., 1959a; MORACZEWSKI and DUBOIS, 1959; YAMAMOTO, ADACHI, KUROCOCHI and TSUJIMOTO, 1960), and swelling (SPIRTES and GUTH, 1961 ; LC?VTRUP, unpublished results). In the present paper a comparison of the inhibitory effect of two psychopharmaca, chlorpromazine and imipramine, on cytochrome oxidase and NADH,-cytochrorne c reductase is described.


Ambalappuzha coast in central Kerala is well known for persistent occurrence of mud bank at Purakkad. The results of the investigation carried out during July - December 2000 on sediment characteristics of Purakkad mud bank shelf, surrounding shelf of Ambalappuzha outside the mud bank and the shelf of the backwater outlet at Thottappally are reported. Considerable variations in sediment composition in relation to the environmental conditions were observed. Fine-grained particles in the mud bank shelf were the maximum during the active phase of mud bank. The mud bank shelf sediment was quite distinctive from the intertidal sediments outside the mud bank area, in having much higher values of organic matter, pH, chloride, sulphate and alkalinity, but with low phosphate content.


Observations of the long‐term variations in the motions and morphology of the cloud systems in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune have been hampered by terrestrial atmospheric effects, a limited range of accessible band passes, the necessity to sacrifice spectral resolution to achieve reasonable spatial resolution, and the inability to observe the planets when they are near the sun. A lunar‐based observatory would allow an intensive, coordinated observing program which could optimize both spatial and spectral resolution of the dynamic structures in the Jovian (Jupiter and Saturn) and Neptunian (Uranus and Neptune) atmospheres. The lunar site would eliminate many of the observing obstacles. During the early phases of lunar development, an optical telescope of the 1–2.5 meter class, equipped with an adequate sunshade, will make an effective long‐term contribution to our understanding of cloud variability in the Jovian and Neptunian atmospheres. Although a larger IR‐optimized facility would provide finer spatial resolution of the data in the 7‐micron region and yield a sensitive probe for temperature variations above the clouds, a 1–2.5 meter class telescope in the airless environment of the moon will provide adequate belt‐zone discrimination on Jupiper at these wavelengths. Tunable filters, allowing a judicious selection of frequency intervals within the methane absorption bands, will allow specific tailoring of the observing sequences to optimize the altitude discrimination, while minimizing data rates.Observations of the long‐term variations in the motions and morphology of the cloud systems in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune have been hampered by terrestrial atmospheric effects, a limited range of accessible band passes, the necessity to sacrifice spectral resolution to achieve reasonable spatial resolution, and the inability to observe the planets when they are near the sun. A lunar‐based observatory would allow an intensive, coordinated observing program which could optimize both spatial and spectral resolution of the dynamic structures in the Jovian (Jupiter and Saturn) and Neptunian (Uranus and Neptune) atmospheres. The lunar site would eliminate many of the observing obstacles. During the early phases of lunar development, an optical telescope of the 1–2.5 meter class, equipped with an adequate sunshade, will make an effective long‐term contribution to our understanding of cloud variability in the Jovian and Neptunian atmospheres. Although a larger IR‐optimized facility wou...


This thesis was aimed at analysing the cargo theft threat in Europe, Middle East and Africa for Dow ArgoSciences and proposing and developing solutions which would help manage transportation security. It was found that the threat in the EMEA region is relatively low compared to other parts of the world. In order to monitor the threat in the long run, a Security Incidents Dashboard was developed. Based on the information provided by the Dashboard, Dow AgroSciences will be able to respond timely to anomalies and take strategic decisions when necessary. For operational decision making, the Risk Assessment Tool was developed which can determine the risk for a specific shipment based on input provided by the user. The tool is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The Security Incident Dashboard and the Risk Assessment Tool were both very well received. This has led to the decision to extend the tool such that it can be used in a pilot in Latin America. DAS Transportation Security v


Space charge effects are due to the electromagnetic fields of the charged particles in a particle beam. The motion of a particle in the accelerator may be modified by the field of neighbor particles in the beam (if the fields are strong enough). Within this article space charge is formally defined and effects related to it, particularly, tune shifts and resonances, are discussed. (AIP)


The COVID-19 pandemic hinders the livelihood of farm households in India. This study was conducted to measure the change in the employment and income patterns of farm households in the Imphal West district of Manipur state during the imposition of a nationwide lockdown in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the districts, blocks, and villages. A simple random sampling technique without a replacement strategy was used to identify 109 farm households from two blocks in the Imphal West district of Manipur. Simple tabular analysis and statistical tests were used to examine the changes in the employment and income patterns of farm households in the Imphal West district. The study revealed that the majority of the sampled farm households (86.14%) got their employment in off-farm, non-farm, or both activities along with on-farm activities, and the rest of them (13.76%) specialized only in on-farm activities in the study area. The average number of human days employed on farms by sample households has significantly reduced from 121 to 110 human days. During the COVID-19 period, the average off-farm and non-farm employment decreased from 51 to 35 human days and from 170 to 107 human days, respectively. During COVID-19 lockdown, average yearly farm income reduced by 8.22 per cent. Similarly, the average off-farm and non-farm average income reduced by 21.67 per cent and 20.23 per cent, respectively and there was no employment was generated under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNERGA) during COVID-19 lockdown period. The employment from private jobs and businesses was primarily disrupted during lockdown. Hence, this study proposes that efforts should be made to encourage farm households to embrace diversified employment options by giving education on several different enterprises and connecting them with specific groups such as SHG, Join Liability Group, and Farmers' Club that will assist them in coping with future economic shocks.


Introduction:
 We investigated how the degree of reperfusion affects functional outcomes according to the puncture-to-reperfusion time and preoperative condition in patients with acute large vessel occlusion.

 Methods:
 A post-hoc analysis of the RESCUE-Japan Registry 2, a prospective multicenter registry enrolling patients with acute cerebral large vessel occlusion from 46 centers in Japan between October 1, 2014 and September 30, 2016, was conducted. Among the 2,420 patients in the RESCUE-Japan 2 registry, 1,073 patients who achieved successful reperfusion with endovascular therapy were analyzed. We compared the functional and safety outcomes between patients with modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grades 3 (mTICI-3) and 2b (mTICI-2b).

 Results:
 The proportion of patients with favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 2 at 90 days after onset) was higher among patients with mTICI-3 than among those with mTICI-2b (52% versus 38 %; adjusted OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.49-2.56). Compared to those in the patients with mTICI-2b within 30 minutes after puncture, favorable outcomes tended to be more common in patients who achieved mTICI-3 within 90 minutes after puncture (0-29 minutes: adjusted OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.24-5.46, 30-59 minutes adjusted OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.85-3.21, 60-89 minutes: adjusted OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.77-3.37; Figure). mTICI-3 reperfusion was associated with favorable outcomes in both anterior (adjusted OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.34-2.44) and posterior vessel occlusion (adjusted OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.06-5.44). There was no heterogeneity in the effect of mTICI-3 reperfusion on the outcomes with respect to age, NIHSS score, use of alteplase, late-presenting, distal vessel occlusion, or ASPECTS.

 Conclusions:
 mTICI-3 reperfusion, possibly even when reperfusion delays slightly, was superior to mTICI-2b. Achieving complete reperfusion, not only early reperfusion, is important to improve the outcomes regardless of preoperative condition.


Aim: The aim is to study the bacteriological profile of indwelling central venous catheter (CVC) among patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Settings and Design: The study was conducted on admitted patients with indwelling CVC in medical ICU, surgical ICU, and critical care unit of Krishna hospital, Karad. The study design was a prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Two hundreded patients admitted with an indwelling, CVC. These patients were followed daily for the development of catheter related blood stream infections (CRBSIs) 48 h after insertion of CVC, in which case two sets of blood samples were drawn along with catheter tip and skin swab for culture. Statistical Methods: Incidence of CRBSIs was measured per 1000 catheter days. Results: Among 200 suspected cases with indwelling CVC, 1028 catheter days were observed, and CRBSI rate was 61.28/1000 catheter days. The incidence of CRBSIs were detected in 63 (31.5%) patients. Conclusions: This prospective study has highlighted the incidence, aerobic bacteriological profile of CVC infections, and also the changing trends in the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to routinely used antibiotics in our tertiary care centre. Combined efforts of the microbiologist, clinicians, and hospital infection control team are needed to tackle CRBSI. A proper training program of hospital staffs, maintenance of proper hand hygiene, following up of proper guidelines of catheter insertion, and maintaining aseptic precaution, prior to CVC insertion can reduce CRBSI.


In a recent article, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia Susan Kiefel's vision explores the symbiotic relationships between the courts and the academy, suggesting that academic writing can be a valuable resource for the judiciary. This suggestion raises the question, propounded in this article, that there is value for both the judiciary and academy to identify what judges cite and where academies should aim to publish. The literature review reveals two different approaches to academic citations, namely, that the High Court of Australia regularly cites the academy, but state supreme courts rarely cite academic material. This article aims to fill a gap in the existing literature to examine citation practices in two Australian territories: the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Using the law-as-data and citation counting method, the article examines data published from 2010 to 2019 by the supreme courts of the two territories. It compares this data to the existing research of the state supreme courts and finds that the citation patterns of the supreme courts in the territories are consistent with those in the existing literature: in brief, the judiciary cite few publications, predominantly books. The data shows that there is a trend of decline in citing academic work by the judiciary in both territories. This trend is alarmingly problematic for the academy writing for the judiciary, and the potential of a flow-on effect of an ongoing and detrimental diminution of the symbiotic relationship envisioned by Kiefel CJ.


By using unbalanced panel data set for 76 firms in Chinese listed companies, this paper empirically study the relationship between information systems and firm competence under Chinese context with GLS regression method. This study draws such conclusions: (1) in the short term, the use of information systems has statistically significant negative impact on firm competence. (2) In the short term, the use of information systems has statistically significant negative impact on firm competence; in the relative long term, as year by year, such negative influence decreases gradually, and shows U shape relationship. In the long term, the use of information systems has statistically positive impact on firm competence.


Multiple myeloma is a condition that affects predominantly the older population. There are now various approved chemotherapy regimens as a result of advances in treatment. Choosing the optimal regimen for older patients with myeloma remains a challenge because of frailty and a lack of head-to-head comparisons between backbone regimens. The purpose of this literature review is to summarise the recent literature on frailty assessment, disease biology, and treatment efficacy in the frontline and relapsed settings to aid the decision-making process.


This is the first documented case of esophageal can;inoma in a 14 year old boy which has been reported to date. Carcinoma of the esophagus is rare before the third decade. The present case highlights the fact that the condi tion should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of progressive dysphagia even in children and teenagers.


A theory is given which permits a connection between an inner structure of an electron and the motion of its center of mass obeying Dirac's equation. In order to describe inner properties of the particle a classical nonlinear spinor equation is derived from a Lagrangian. There exist rotational symmetric solutions which are simultaneously finite, stationary, normalizable and strongly localisated, and which yield the mass at rest, the spin and the magnetic moment of the particle in a correct manner. Since these solutions are in contradiction to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle the calculated properties cannot be directly observed in the laboratory system. Therefore an eight-dimensional configuration space is introduced containing the laboratory system and the center-of-masssystem. In this space the wave equation is formulated as a nonlinear differential equation for a spin tensor of second order. If the interaction with an external electromagnetic field is very weak a separation of this tensor equation into the nonlinear spinor equation mentioned above and into Dirac's equation is possible. Observable quantities in the laboratory system can be obtained by integration over the inner coordinates


In this study, a revised oil leakage evaluation method for assessing oil leakage stability of asphalt mastics used in upper slabs of below-grade residential parking lots was developed and presented. In order to verify the reliability and reproducibility of leakage results, the parameters the revised evaluation was carried out for three products with actual leakage history, and it was confirmed the leaks could be reproduced whereas the existing methods could not. To quantitatively verify the reproducibility, the filler content of the leaked samples was derived and the maximum filler content was 64% lower than that of the normal sample. The same results was found with the samples from the actual leakage site, thus verifying the reliability of the revised evaluation method.


Re-designing dementia: involving people living with dementia in the design of supported self-management

This paper describes the methods and process of designing a supported self-management program in partnership with people living with dementia. The paper charts the development of the intervention from early studies with people with dementia to build understanding of how quality of life can be maintained through to the translation of these into a menu-led intervention, tested and refined by people living with a diagnosis. It shares the factors individuals identified as being important for maintaining wellbeing, particularly in relation to the role of design in enabling community connectedness. The paper highlights the importance of creating a shared visual language and the need to design tools to support communication, aid memory and offer people with dementia ways to put their learning into practice.


This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the use of male condoms in adolescents and young adults from urban settlement areas in a city of central-western Brazil. This is a cross-sectional investigation with 105 adolescents and young students aged 12 to 24 years, which used a structured questionnaire. Of the total number of interviewees, 61 (58.1%) had started their sexual life; of these, only 38.3% reported regular condom use. Education over six years (p=0.02), access to sexuality information with parents (p=0.05) and at school (p=0.04) were factors associated with condom use. The results confirm the importance of investing in health policies that invest in working together among healthcare professionals, families and educational institutions, in order to minimize the vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections.


In the last 50 years, the study of groundwater governance has given rise to rich and differentiated analytical approaches. This article proposes an exchange between the main heuristic viewpoints, results and theses of three approaches which studied groundwater governance: the study of groundwater governance as collective action initiated by Ostrom, the analysis made by Shah on informal groundwater economies and the works of Prakash, Mukherji and Birkenholtz drawing on political ecology. The aquifers on which each approach originally built its analysis played a key role in the design of analytical frameworks which, in the case of the first two approaches, were later applied to a much larger set of cases. The three approaches share many commonalities in their heuristic methods. However, they differ in the content of governance systems recommended to achieve sustainable groundwater use, and especially in the benefits of involving water users in the implementation of governance. Therefore, they also differ on what should be the focus of academic analyses. It is thus of interest to organize joint readings of cases of groundwater governance and to discuss the contents of research programmes able to provide fruitful analyses of these cases, based on local specificities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Outcome Based Education (OBE) is growing at an astounding rate throughout the world. The required skill set and knowledge after Diploma to become an Engineer is obtained by effective teaching of the Engineering Education. Due to growing technological advancement & with the use of internet and social networking, education system has made lots of innovativeness in teaching learning system which has led the present day engineers to compete globally with new challenges. In the traditional system of education, teachers put the full attention on what they teach rather than on what the students are learning, OBE emphasizes on what is expected from the student when they complete their course rather than how they have achieved. Transition in the outcome based education gives the Institutes a profoundly different means of restructuring the teaching learning process. This paper gives an overview of learner centered learning system introduced in the subject VLSI Design of Electronics and Communication Engineering Branch. Learning & teaching activities that would facilitate students' achieving the Intended Learning Outcomes were designed and assessment tasks were evaluated. The transition from 3R's (Reading, writing, Arithmetic) to 4 C's (Creativity, Critical, thinking, Communication & Collaboration) made a sea difference in course attainment. The result of CO attainment shows that transformation from the traditional teaching learning to learner's centric approach has given the desired attributes, leading to the conclusion that the OBE approach introduced was a success.


The purpose of this study was to determine (1) how group information sharing impact group decision effectiveness, (2) how group personality composition impact group information sharing, and (3) how group personality composition impact group decision effectiveness. The data collected was FIRO-B® scores on the expressed scale, group information sharing data as measured by the Process and Issues Questionnaire (PIQ), and group decision effectiveness data as measured by the PIQ. Correlation analysis were performed to analyze the group psychological characteristics (H2, H3, & H4,) based on an index created for each group where the data is represented by a range: H2) group average level scores on the psychological characteristic of expressed inclusion-group (eI-G) is positively related to group information sharing; H3) group average level scores on the psychological characteristic of expressed control-group (eC-G) is related to group information sharing; and H4) group average level scores on the psychological characteristic of expressed affection-group (eA-G) is positively related to group information sharing. A mediated regression analysis was used to analyze H5) group interpersonal psychological factors on group decision effectiveness and mediated by group information sharing. The results indicated, as hypothesized that the strongest predictor of group decision effectiveness was group information sharing. However, the results from this study did not find a significant link between group personality characteristics and group information sharing or group decision effectiveness. The present study provides support to previous research that group information sharing has a positive impact on group decision effectiveness.


Teaching of Breast Examination skill to Medical Students is a real challenge all over world as Breast is an intimate organ. Hence there is increasing effort to find alternative to teaching on real patients for confidant development of communicative and Palpative skull. In ethically prohibitive cultures (ie. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) Didactic Lecture followed by Video demonstration plays significant role in ethically prohibitive cultures in teaching of Breast Examination Communication skill; where as Didactic Lecture followed by Video demonstration and Mannequin Demonstration and Practice plays significant role in ethically in teaching of Breast Examination Palpation skill. In ethically less prohibitive cultures (ie. India) Didactic Lecture followed Bed side demonstration of Breast examination on real patient plays significant in Communication skill ; where as Didactic Lecture followed by Video and Bed side demonstration of Breast examination on real patient and Practice plays significant role in Breast Palpation skill.


This paper concerns the dynamics of a stochastic competitive Lotka-Volterra
 system with Markov switching and L?vy noise. The results show that
 stochastic permanence and extinction are characterized by two parameters B1
 and B2: if B1B2 ? 0, then the system is either stochastically permanent or
 extinctive. That is, it is extinctive if and only if B1 < 0 and B2 < 0;
 otherwise, it is stochastically permanent. Some existing results are
 included as special cases.


In the paper a conception of deep fusion laser welding using laser pulses of complex time characteristics has been discussed. The technology of generating pulses of such a shape has already been developed on an industrial scale. The pulse envelope q(t) assumed in the analysis has a `stepwise' shape and two time intervals of different power, q'((tau) '-(tau) ') and q'((tau) '''-(tau) '), can be distinguished in it. In the first interval, the pulse power q ensures the fusion on the metal and formation of a vapor-gaseous passage. At the beginning of the second interval, a stepwise increase in the pulse power to the value q' occurs, which leads to intensive evaporation of the metal in the front part on the vapor-gaseous passage and to an increase in the pressure of metal vapors in the vapor-gaseous passage. The vapor pressure causes `extrusion' on the liquid metal from the front to the rear passage wall. The whole process is of cyclic character. In the paper, energetic process in the first and the second part of one fusion welding cycle have been analyzed. An algorithm of procedure for determining proper welding conditions has been proposed. Finally, an example of calculating technological conditions of steel-welding has been presented.


Background: The intradural extramedullary tumours of the spine are one of the commonest tumours of the spine. Early diagnosis and surgical removal helps in best outcome. The objective of the study was to analyze the clinical presentation, imageology, resectability, to know the incidence of different types of tumours in intradural extramedullary compartment and to study the surgical outcome. Methods: This was a prospective study of 32 cases of intradural extramedullary tumours. The clinical presentation, imageology, resectability, histopathology, surgical outcome were studied. The patients were investigated with plain spinal radiography and MRI. All cases were treated surgically by posterior or posterolateral approaches. Outcome and complications were evaluated. They were followed up regularly and the results were analyzed. Ambulatory status was classified on admission by using Nurick-grading scheme. Results: The incidence of intradural extramedullary spinal tumours was 57.14%. Most of the tumours presented in the third decade (37.5%). Mean age of Presentation for meningioma was 36 years and for nerve sheath tumours was 39.5 years. The nerve sheath tumours contributed 35% followed by meningioma 28%. Nerve sheath tumours were found to be most commonly located in thoracic region (56%). Total excision of tumour was achieved in 87.7% cases. Conclusions: Nerve Sheath tumours and Meningiomas were the most common in intradural extramedullary spinal lesions and complete excision was possible in almost all cases. Prognosis was usually good, in spite of poor neurological status at the time of presentation.


The digital twin concept has found widespread application across diverse industries. Herein, we present a comprehensive conceptual framework for the cognitive soil digital twin, which embodies the intricate physical reality of the soil ecosystem, aiding in its holistic monitoring and comprehension. The digital twin can seamlessly integrate a multitude of sensor data sources, including field Internet of Things sensors, remote sensing data, field measurements, digital cartography, surveys, and other Earth observation datasets. By virtue of its duality, this digital counterpart facilitates data organisation and rigorous analytical exploration, unravelling the intricacies of physical, chemical, and biological soil constituents while discerning their intricate interrelationships and their impact on ecosystem services. Its potential extends beyond mere data representation, acting as a versatile tool for scenario analysis and enabling the visualisation of diverse environmental impacts, including the effects of climate change and transformations in land use or management practices. Beyond academic circles, the digital twin's utility extends to a broad spectrum of stakeholders across the entire quadruple helix, encompassing farmers and agronomists, soil researchers, the agro-industry, and policy-makers. By fostering collaboration among these stakeholders, the digital twin catalyses informed decision-making, underpinned by data-driven insights. Moreover, it acts as a testbed for the development of innovative sensors and monitoring frameworks, in addition to providing a platform that can educate users and the broader public using immersive and innovative visualisation tools, such as augmented reality. This innovative framework underscores the imperative of a holistic approach to soil ecosystem monitoring and management, propelling the soil science discipline into an era of unprecedented data integration and predictive modelling, by harnessing the effects of climate change towards the development of efficient decision-making.


In the framework of our work on the creation of a new database for slag relevant oxides, the present study is devoted to the generation of thermodynamic data for the liquid and solid phases in the ternary systems K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 and Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2. The description and prediction of the thermodynamic properties of such complex systems remain actually, especially in cases when the measurements are experimentally difficult. The thermodynamic database has to be produced using appropriate models of the Gibbs energy for the phases and by optimisation of the required parameters taking into account the reliable experimental data. The available databases are not sufficient to model the complete ash (slag) and gas systems. Therefore, the development of a new database is necessary. The liquid was described with the use of the modified associate species model, which is suitable for aluminosilicate melts. The following solid solutions were also introduced using the multi-sublattice model: (AlkAl)1-xSixO2 (with Alk=Na or K) and (NaAl)1-xSixO4 (for both modifications, lowand high-temperature phases, nepheline and carnegieite, correspondingly). The Gibbs energy data of the solution components and corresponding interaction parameters between them were obtained to represent the phase relationships in the systems under consideration. For pure oxides, in liquid and solid states, the initial thermodynamic data were taken from the SGTE Pure Substances Database, which is, especially with respect to SiO2, considered as more appropriate than other commercial available databases we used in earlier assessments. Because of these changes, it was necessary to perform the work in two stages. First, the Gibbs energy data for binary species and the respective interaction parameters were modified. In that way, the binary systems Alk2O-SiO2, Alk2O-Al2O3 (Alk=Na, K), Al2O3-SiO2 and the ternary system Na2O-K2O-SiO2 have been successfully reevaluated. These were then kept constant during the assessment of the ternary parameters. The phase equilibria and activity data (if they are available) calculated using the new optimised solution data show good agreement with the experimental data. In contrast to other available databases the new dataset allows the predictive description of the whole composition range including the alkali rich parts of the corresponding subsystems with lack of the experimental data.


Summary form only given. Previously, a semi-implicit Particle-in-Cell (PIC) solver based on a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin Spectral Element Method has been developed. In this scheme, particles are treated explicitly, while Maxwell's equations are solved implicitly with a matrix-free Krylov subspace method. This allows surpassing the CFL condition of the Maxwell solver that couples the time step to the light velocity. Another severe time step restriction due to stability in an explicit time approximation may occur due to fast moving particles. If the time evolution of these fast particles influences the solution only weakly, then this limitation may also be mitigated by treating the particle motion with an implicit time integration method.Approximating the equation of motion implicitly requires solving a non-linear system for each particle. Here, a Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov approach is chosen, freeing the scheme from the requirement to construct the Jacobian matrix1. The time integration is performed by a third or fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme2. In the conference presentation, the author introduces the new numerical scheme and compares it to the existing explicit and semi-explicit PIC solver.


By utilizing the combination of two powerful tools i.e., stochastic geometry (SG) and evolutionary game theory (EGT), in this paper, we study the problem of mobile user (MU) mode selection in heterogeneous sub-6 GHz/millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks. Particularly, by using SG tools, we first propose an analytical framework to assess the performance of the considered networks in terms of average signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) ratio, average rate, and mobility-induced time overhead, for scenarios with user mobility. According to the SG-based framework, an EGT-based approach is presented to solve the problem of access mode selection. Specifically, two EGT-based models are considered, where for each MU its utility function depends on the average SINR and the average rate, respectively, while the time overhead is considered as a penalty term. A distributed algorithm is proposed to reach the evolutionary equilibrium, where the existence and stability of the equilibrium is theoretically analyzed and proved. Moreover, we extend the formulation by considering information delay exchange and evaluate its impact on the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Our results reveal that the proposed technique can offer better spectral efficiency and connectivity in heterogeneous sub-6 GHz/mmWave cellular networks with mobility, compared with the conventional access mode selection techniques.


As a manipulator,a translator will not copy language from one text into another,but rather conform to the prevalent standard of the target language while creatively making use of his linguistic repertoire,thus displaying distinctive linguistic styles.In this way the translation language is made to develop and evolve continuously.The paper,by analyzing different translated versions of The Isles of Greece before and after the May 4th Movement and the linguistic background in which they were translated,attempts to show the shift of translation language from Chinese language convention to English language style which reflects the perspective of translation language in translation practice and embodies the turn of Chinese language taste in the last century.


ABSTRACT To survive the 2017/18 water crisis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and to prepare for a challenging water future, the Western Cape Government developed and implemented plans to ensure water supply to certain of its critical service delivery facilities through the use of localized groundwater supply systems. The case study research of this programme provides both current and future disaster preparedness planners with an improved understanding of the levels of water resilience achievable through this strategy and the methodology to best achieve it. This also enables the critical success factors in pursuing this strategy to be distilled.


In 1971 I proposed a considerable modification of this view (Prag 1971, 1974), pointing to the continuity in pottery traditions between the EBA and the EB.MB periods (previously recognized by others), and fresh evidence for a rather more sedentary agricultural economy. I suggested that Palestine, like Egypt and Mesopotamia between the twenty-fourth and twentyfirst centuries B.C., was subject to nomadic infiltration. I thought that relatively small influxes of semi-nomadic newcomers from inland Syria c. 2350 B.C., who mingled with the existing indigenous Palestinian population, might accord with the archaeological data, rather better than the idea of an overwhelming nomadic invasion. Thereafter, as there seemed to be clear continuity throughout the EB.MB period, an archaeologically discernible second phase of Syrian contact was probably the result of influences 'penetrating to Palestine, rather than further migration. Thus, for rather different reasons, I also saw the period as a separate archaeological horizon distinct from the EBA, but with a large degree of cultural and population continuity both from the preceding Early Bronze Age (EBA) and to the succeeding Middle Bronze Age (MBA). In 1980 Richard proposed, on the rather limited basis of pottery shape analysis, that the continuity in ceramics during the last centuries of the third millenium was such that it pointed to a purely internal development, or rather degeneration, within Palestine, with no invasion, migration or population movement from Syria (Richard 1980). But she also proposed two similarly dated phases of Syrian influence to account for the archaeological evidence of contact, both derived from the border zones of contact in the area of south Syria that I had previously defined. This influence was effective during a period of decline and regression from urbanism to semi-nomadism, and the social changes were due very largely (she believes) to the effects of drought. She followed Kenyon, Dever and others in the view that there was a complete break with the succeeding MBA, and preferred to define the last centuries of the third millennium as an archaeologically continuous but debased horizon within the EBA, called EB IV, thus turning away from. the frequently used MB I terminology. The analysis of ceramics has been one of the approaches which conclusively proves population continuity as an important factor at the end of EB III. The links between EB and EB.MB ceramics are not those of a "remote common ancestry" as suggested by Kenyon, but show continuity and development of shape, surface treatment and function, as I pointed out in 1971 and 1974. There is no need to argue this position· further. That there are also new factors which reflect the influence of inland Syria also has fairly general agreement. But from pottery and other comparisons we can, at present, only say that Syrian innovations in the twenty-fourth century are sufficient to indicate migration-why should the locals adopt so many new fashions from inland Syria at a time of decline?but Richard thinks not. These are relatively subjective judgments by both of us, and not conclusive evidence


The SAR value of irrigation water is the primary parameter in determining the quality class of the water. For this reason, the results obtained in studies with sodium salt without taking into account the SAR value are not salt losses and represent sodium losses. In order to determine to what level the maize plant's irrigation water salinity can be tolerated, germination and pot experiments were carried out using irrigation waters with different salt concentrations so that the SAR value is less than 1. As a result of germination trial, parallel to the increase in irrigation water salinity, root length, seedling dry weight, and germination rate decreased. The root length started to be affected negatively at 3 dS m ECi level of irrigation water salinity, seedling dry weight and germination rate started to be affected at 5 dS m ECi level. In the pot experiment, parallel to the increase in irrigation water salinity, plant height and plant dry weight values decreased and were negatively affected at 8 dS m ECi level.


Onion services are anonymous network services that are exposed over the Tor network. In contrast to conventional Internet services, onion services are private, generally not indexed by search engines, and use self-certifying domain names that are long and difficult for humans to read. In this paper, we study how people perceive, understand, and use onion services based on data from 17 semi-structured interviews and an online survey of 517 users. We find that users have an incomplete mental model of onion services, use these services for anonymity and have varying trust in onion services in general. Users also have difficulty discovering and tracking onion sites and authenticating them. Finally, users want technical improvements to onion services and better information on how to use them. Our findings suggest various improvements for the security and usability of Tor onion services, including ways to automatically detect phishing of onion services, more clear security indicators, and ways to manage onion domain names that are difficult to remember.


As a sequel to prior reports on strong and weak hydrogen bonding in onium di(methanesulfonyl) amide crystals, low-temperature X-ray structures are described for three salts of general formula BH+(MeSO2)2N-, where BH+ is 2,2΄-bipyridinium (1; monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z΄ = 1), 1,10-phenanthrolinium (2; monoclinic, P21/c, Z΄ = 2), or 1,8-bis(dimethylamino) naphthalinium (3; orthorhombic, P212121, Z΄ = 1). Monoprotonation of the organic bases by (MeSO2)2NH results in the formation of an intra-cation N-H···N hydrogen bond, which is asymmetric in 1 and 2, but approximately symmetric in the proton-sponge cation of 3. Moreover, the acidic H atom is engaged in a cation-anion contact N-H···N- in 1 and 2 or H+···Oδ- in 3, thus conferring three-centre character upon the strong hydrogen bonding. Each structure displays a multitude of close interionic C-H···O/N contacts that are geometrically consistent with weak hydrogen bonding. A salient feature is provided by short S-CH2-H···O-S inter-anion contacts, which lead to layers in 1 and to catemers in 2, but are non-existent in structure 3. The cations of both 1 and 2 form π-stacks that are intercalated between the anion layers or surrounded by six anion catemers, whereas in structure 3 each cation is octahedrally coordinated by six anions and vice-versa. The heteroionic connectivity comprises the aforementioned branches of the strong three-centre hydrogen bonds (in 1-3), numerous Car-H···A bonds (1, 2: A = O; 3: A = O, N), S-CH2-H···Nring interactions (1, 2), and close N-CH2-H···O=S contacts (3; possibly destabilizing).


Summary of quarterly newsletters created by the Mining and Quarrying Occupational Health and Safety Committee (MAQOHSC)in SA. This page includes back issues of QuarrySAFE Newsletter and MAQOHSC Newsletter.


Background. An exact determination of aortic invasion by lung cancer is necessary for planning surgical intervention. We assessed whether or not the aortic wall is invaded by the tumor by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods. We studied 6 patients (mean age, 68.5 years) who had lung tumors located in the left upper lobe, and invasion to the aorta was strongly suspected but inconclusive. With the use of TEE, aortic invasion is represented by the disappearance of the outer hyperechoic layer of the aorta and the lack of synchronous movement of consolidation dur-


The article considers, first of all, the nature of the information society as a new stage of social development. An analysis of the prerequisites and signs of the development of the information society will be carried out. Special attention is paid to identifying the successes and dangers of the information society. It is shown that the current stage of development of the information society is characterized by the formation of a "knowledge society". Attention is focused on the value world of the individual in the culture of the information society and is determined by the specifics of the value world of the individual as a phenomenon of the culture of the information society and the image of the socio-cultural process. It is proposed to consider the potential of the value world of the individual as a model of the future information society. In order to recognize the value world of man in the information society, an overview of the history of values is given, it is noted that a massive crisis is taking place in our modern culture, ritual traditions and value orientations, and to solve it, the most important task of modern culture is to create in the future a new system of spiritual values that will guide and regulate the progressive development of mankind. Methods of philosophical and theoretical generalization of domestic and foreign sources, description, systematization and comparison of research materials, hermeneutics were used as the main methods of studying the problem of the value world of the individual in the information society.


The article attempts to identify and analyze system features and major components of national conflict model which is based on controversial and unavoidable national-historical, social, psychological, sociocultural and political characteristics of society, which are defined as «kentavichnost.» It is shown that there are two conflict types of transition society. The article is also devoted to the analysis of russian specific configuration of institutional conflict resolution which is provided not as a result of the interiorization of social standards, but with the interference of the government


This case is about the dilemma faced by Supriya, the product manager at Kimberly Clark Lever Private Ltd, India (KCLL). She has to prepare a business plan for the relaunch of adult diapers called 'Depend'. The same product was introduced into the market in the late 1990s but was later revoked because of poor performance. The case discusses details of demand forecasting and marketing strategy during the initial product launch along with an analysis of the failure. Novelty in the marketing strategy is necessary because in India personal hygiene is not discussed openly either within the family or publicly. The retailers feel that the market for adult diapers had begun to evolve in 2004. This is also indicated by an increase in the number of new brands introduced in 2004–05. Due to the positive changes in the environment, KCLL conducts a market research survey with an aim to estimate demand and gather competitive intelligence. The picture projected by the market research is very positive. The question that needs to be answered is how to make 'Depend' commercially viable. If the decision to sell 'Depend' directly to the end-user is finalized, Supriya faces a dilemma. She has to prioritize and choose either direct selling or indigenization. KCLL senior executives are not prepared to invest in both the options simultaneously. There is no consensus among the managers on what should be the priority. The views of Supriya's team members on direct selling and indigenization are presented in the case.


Current 3D printing technology products may be usable in various biomedical applications. Such an application is the creation of X-ray quality control phantoms. In this work a self-assembled 3D printer (geeetech i3) was used for the design of a simple low contrast phantom. The printing material was Polylactic Acid (PLA) (100% printing density). Low contrast scheme was achieved by creating air-holes with different diameters and thicknesses, ranging from 1mm to 9mm. The phantom was irradiated at a Philips Diagnost 93 fluoroscopic installation at 40kV-70kV with the semi-automatic mode. The images were recorded with an Agfa cr30-x CR system and assessed with ImageJ software. The best contrast value observed was approximately 33%. In low contrast detectability check it was found that the 1mm diameter hole was always visible, for thickness larger or equal to 4mm. A reason for not being able to distinguish 1mm in smaller thicknesses might be the presence of printing patterns on the final image, which increased the structure noise. In conclusion the construction of a contrast resolution phantom with a 3D printer is feasible. The quality of the final product depends upon the printer accuracy and the material characteristics.


Volatile oil which is also called essential oil has different composition according to the producing source. One of the essential oil-producing plants and has been used for a long time in Indonesia as a medicine is temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.). The quantitative determination of volatile oil was accomplished by Stahl apparatus and the isolation of volatile oil was accomplished by water distillation and steam distillation.The components of volatile oil were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result of simplex characterization of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome gave water content 8.63%, water soluble extract content 20.42%, ethanol soluble extract content 3.72%, total ash content 5.67%, acid insoluble ash content 0.44%, the volatile oil content of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome 1.09% v/b. The refractive index of volatile oil isolated by water distillation is 1.4880 and the specific gravity was 0.9627. The refractive index by steam distillation was 1.4880 and the specific gravity was 0.9630. The results of Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the volatile oil from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome by water distillation gave 9 compounds wth 5 main components such as curzerenone (34.35%), iso-velleral (12.39%), eucalyptol (5.96%), germacrone (4.08%), camphor (2.42%). The results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the volatile oil from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb by steam distillation gave 25 compounds wth 5 main components such as curzerenone (33.96%), eucalyptol (11.99%), β-elemen (8.76%), furanodiene (7.60%), curcumenol (7.23%).


ABSTRACT The superhero genre, as the name implies, is a male-focused genre, whose lone 'redeemer heroes' enact 'rites of order' in which the Other is expelled from contested space and order is restored through externalised action. But William Moulton Marston's specific vision of a feminist 'loving authority,' rooted in feminist utopian novels, created the superheroine, a genre figure incorporating 'rites of integration' in which oppositions are reconciled and otherness is integrated and domesticated. Wonder Woman may not have been the first female superhero, but she was the first superheroine – an alternative to the cowboy-derived superhero that offers a different vision of the genre – and though many depictions of Wonder Woman have not lived up to this vision, Marston provided a model other creators have taken up in figures like Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Batwoman. The superheroine opens the possibility for an evolution and transformation of the superhero genre and for other genres that convey and perpetuate – and possibly alter – our cultural mythology.


Find the best drugs, dosages, routes of administration and side effects at a moment's notice. Over 100 drugs are listed alphabetically with information on use, dosage, elimination, how supplied, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, interaction/toxicity, guidelines/precautions, and principal adverse reactions.


This paper addresses the Sliding Mode Learning Control (SMLC) of uncertain nonlinear systems with Lyapunov stability analysis. In the control scheme, a conventional control term is used to provide the system stability in compact space while a type-2 neuro-fuzzy controller (T2NFC) learns system behaviour so that the T2NFC completely takes over overall control of the system in a very short time period. The stability of the sliding mode learning algorithm has been proven in the literature; however, it is restrictive for systems without overall system stability. To address this shortcoming, a novel control structure with a novel sliding surface is proposed in this paper, and the stability of the overall system is proven for nth-order uncertain nonlinear systems. To investigate the capability and effectiveness of the proposed learning and control algorithms, the simulation studies have been carried out under noisy conditions. The simulation results confirm that the developed SMLC algorithm can learn the system behaviour in the absence of any mathematical model knowledge and exhibit robust control performance against external disturbances.


Objective:Myocardial infarction continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the availability of current therapeutic modalities. Morin, a bioflavonoid has known to possess good antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic properties in previous studies. Hence, t


A new technology applied to measure simultaneously the stress,temperature and vibration frequency by using the optic fiber sensor in order to monitor normally the structure is discussed.The measuring system is composed of two optic sub-systems,one is the wave scanning optic fiber laser(WSFL) system,other is laser diode system using wave dividing modulator(WDM).The fiber Bragg grating(FBG) of WSFL and EFPI are combined into integrated sensor system(FGB /EFPI).With such system,the stress,temperature and vibration frequency can be measured simultaneously.


Question In older patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD), do statins reduce all-cause mortality and CV events? Review scope Included studies compared statins with placebo, reported data for patients 65 years of age who did not have established CVD, and reported 1 event for an outcome of interest. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, CV mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and new cancer. Review methods MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases were searched to Jan 2013 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Investigators were contacted. 2 RCTs and subgroups in 6 RCTs (n =24674, mean age 73 y, 57% men, follow-up 1 to 5.2 y) met the selection criteria. 3 RCTs evaluated pravastatin, 2 atorvastatin, and 1 each evaluated lovastatin, fluvastatin, and rosuvastatin. 4 RCTs included patients with 2 major CV risk factors, 3 included those with 1 major risk factor, and 1 did not specify presence of CV risk factors as an inclusion criterion. Main results Meta-analysis showed that statins reduced MI and stroke compared with placebo; groups did not differ for all-cause or CV mortality or new cancer (Table). Conclusion In older patients without cardiovascular disease, statins reduce myocardial infarction and stroke, but not all-cause mortality, over a mean 3.5 years. Statins vs placebo in older patients without CV disease* Outcomes Number of trials (n) Weighted event rates At a mean 3.5 y Statins Placebo RRR (95% CI) NNT (CI) All-cause mortality 7 (21435) 6% (3 to 14) Not significant CV mortality 5 (13914) 9% (20 to 31) Not significant MI 5 (15929) 2.4% 3.9% 39% (15 to 57) 66 (45 to 171) Stroke 5 (16322) 2.1% 2.8% 24% (7 to 37) 149 (97 to 511) New cancer 3 (11556) 5.3% 5.4% 1% (15 to 15) Not significant *CV = cardiovascular; MI = myocardial infarction; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. Weighted event rates, RRR, NNT, and CI calculated from control event rates and relative risks in article using a random-effects model for outcomes with heterogeneous results (MI) and a fixed-effect model for all other outcomes. Control event rates for mortality were not available; therefore, weighted event rates could not be calculated. Evidence for all outcomes rated as high quality based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Commentary Although treatment of patients >65 years of age with known atherosclerotic vascular disease or diabetes is beneficial, the appropriate risk stratification and treatment of persons without disease but with risk factors present a dilemma to physicians and patients. The meta-analysis by Savarese and colleagues supports the use of statins in patients >65 years of age who have >1 major CV risk factor, with treatment resulting in absolute risk reductions over 3.5 years of 1.5% using weighted event rates (number needed to treat [NNT] 66) for MI and 0.7% (NNT 149) for stroke; these benefits parallel those of other accepted interventions. However, some factors should be considered before recommending widespread use of statins in elderly persons. First, none of the studies in the review specifically evaluated persons without CV risk factors; no data show that treating such older persons would provide any benefit. The cost-effectiveness of screening low-risk persons for CV disease with such modalities as computed tomography calcium scoring is probably low. Second, trials in the meta-analysis were weighted toward young elderly, with a mean age of 73.0 (standard deviation 2.9 y). Would benefits extend to persons >80 years of age, given that elevated lipids contribute less to CV risk with advancing age? (1) Third, statins have been associated with increased exertional fatigue (2), which may contribute to physical decline in older adults. Finally, statins add to polypharmacy and interact with common medications like calcium-channel blockers. In my view, for patients 65 to 79 years of age without known CV disease, statin doses should be moderate and titrated to a 30% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (the average in the Savarese meta-analysis), with close monitoring for adverse effects. In persons >80 years of age without CV disease or diabetes, patients and physicians can defer statin therapy given the lack of data showing benefits in this age group.


To obtain the flight performance of ascending course in spaceflight launch mission in real time and accurately,the CSM(Current Statistical Model)algorithm was applied,and the moving model was set up regarding the ascending course in the spaceflight mission,and the moving performance of the target was analyzed.The data measured by radar equipment in American spaceflight mission was analyzed statistically,and the correlative parameters of the moving model were confirmed.The filter tracking performance was studied with CSM during the spaceflight ascending course.The performance of CSM algorithm after filtering was compared with that before filtering.The test simulation result shows that it is better to handle the filter and processing mission of the measure and control data during the spaceflight mission with CSM,and it can satisfy the demand of processing,show and failure-decision of the moving trajectory.


Recent progress in structural and stratigraphic analysis of the allochthonous units situated north of Hazro in the Border Fold zone of SE Turkey has shed light on the nature and significance of the Gondwanan margin there. Allochthonous material consists of several superimposed units ranging in age from the Early Trias to the Late Senonian (Hezan units), in which the transition between neritic carbonates and the pelagic and detrital facies is well indicated by an Ammonitico-rosso facies of mid Jurassic age. Above it, ophiolitic material and radiolarites represent the former Tethyan crust and cover. The Hezan units thus belong to the former Gondwanan margin thrust southwards in Late Cretaceous times, and a tentative reconstruction of its Mesozoic evolution there is facilitated by the absence of later major tectonic events.


The position and structure of paired 'lateral organs' in the foot of Arthritica semen and Arthritica bifurca might indicate a chemosensory function. In both species part of the organ is also glandular. In A. semen the glandular epithelium is detached piecemeal and, probably by means of the foot, is moved to and grafted upon the gills of the same individual. The transferred epithelia appear as disk-shaped actively secretory 'gill bodies' which, attached to the abfrontal side of the inner demibranch, replace the ordinary unciliated gill epithelium. The secretion is liberated into the suprabranchial chamber, which serves as a marsupium, but its function is uncertain. Arthritica semen is a protandric hermaphrodite and produces very large ova that undergo a direct development that results in a non-planktonic lecithotrophic crawling juvenile stage. The sperm cells have filiform nuclei that are straight in the euspermatozoa and more or less helicoidal in what is considered to represent paraspermatozoa. By a process of aggregation, spermatozeugmata are formed which consist exclusively either of euspermatozoa or paraspermatozoa. Spermatozoa are stored in the oviduct in A. semen but in paired seminal receptacles in A. bifurca.


The study aimed at comparing mental health, self-efficacy, and belief organization between normal and MS-sufferer women. This was a causative-comparative investigation. Statistical population consisted of all MS-sufferer women in brain and neuronal system offices as well as normal women in Rasht, Iran. Fifty MS-sufferer women and fifty normal women were selected via convenience sampling and purposive sampling, respectively. Data collection was performed by using the Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer and Maddux, 1982), the Mental Health Questionnaire (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979), and System of Beliefs Inventory (Holland et al., 1998). Data analysis was done through multivariate variance analysis. The results revealed that there are significant differences in mental health, selfefficacy, and system of beliefs between normal and MS-sufferer women (p<0.05). It was concluded that mental health, self-efficacy, and system of beliefs are important psychological factors in MS-sufferers. Improvement in these factors may enhance treatment trend in MS-sufferers.


Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a frequent genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome with the resultant karyotype being 47,XXY. The condition is in males and results in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, small testis, and infertility, although recent research has shown that some KS males harbour sparse amounts of spermatocytes that can be retrieved by testicular sperm extraction. Other characteristics include cognitive impairment, dyslexia, tall stature, gynaecomastia, a range of medical conditions, including the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular disease, extragonadal germ cell tumours, and breast cancer. Although the estimated prevalence of KS is 150 per 100 000 liveborn males, diagnosis poses several problems. Most KS are only diagnosed during adulthood, and only about 10% are diagnosed during childhood and adolescence. Studies from different countries indicate that only 25–50% of the expected number are ever diagnosed. Mortality and morbidity are high and the socioeconomic status is low. Medical therapy is directed towards hypogonadism and consists of testosterone replacement therapy, although no formal randomized clinical trial has been conducted in KS, and the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Comprehensive multidisciplinary care needs to be in place throughout life in order also to alleviate the neurocognitive problems encountered by many with KS and facilitate extra scholastic help and speech therapy, etc. The genetic background for KS is not thoroughly understood, but recent developments show global epigenetic and RNA expression changes that are likely tied with the phenotype.


Abstract Aichinger's novel The greater hope was translated into Italian twice, the first time in 1963 and in a new version in 1999. The result, especially in the case of the most recent translation, is disappointing. It is absolutely insufficient, full of inaccuracies as well as mistakes and omissions, indeed to the extent that an Italian reader has difficulty gaining an adequate understanding of the original. Rather than compiling a boring list made out of all the pertinent criticism that could be made, these versions are used here as a basis for a discussion of a variety of typical translation issues such as the rendition of specific stylistic phenomena like alienation or playing with the reader's expectations, difficulty in translating fact and elements uniquely belonging to a foreign culture, puns, etc.


Electrochemical water oxidation is a key counter reaction in obtaining value-added chemicals by reduction in aqueous solution. However, slow kinetics is a problem in this process, so the quantitative analysis of kinetic parameters is necessary to design film-type electrocatalysts. Although electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been proven to be a powerful tool in analyzing sparsely loaded catalysts on electrically conducting supporters, it turned out that film-type catalysts above 100 nm thickness are challenging to analyze with conventional models. Here, we propose a new transmission line model that was implemented with a Havriliak–Negami (H–N) capacitor and Warburg element. We successfully extracted meaningful kinetic parameters, such as the reaction rate constant at active sites and transport parameters across the film. We utilized this model to analyze monodisperse sub-10 nm partially oxidized MnO nanoparticles (p-MnO NPs) operating with superb activity under neutral pH. From this analysis,...