..................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... xvi THESIS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 References ................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER ONE: ASSESSING ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDE EXPOSURE OF FERRUGINOUS HAWK NESTLINGS ...........................................................................14 Abstract ..................................................................................................................14.................................................................................................................14 Introduction ............................................................................................................15 Methods..................................................................................................................19 Study Area .................................................................................................19 Whole Blood Sample Collection and AR Analysis ...................................20 Prothrombin Time, Thrombin Clotting Time, and Fibrinogen Concentration .............................................................................................21 Prey Liver and Ferruginous Hawk Tissue Collection and Analysis ..........22 Spatial Analysis .........................................................................................23 Statistical Analyses ....................................................................................23 Results ....................................................................................................................25


After the sweeping reduction of Chinese export quotas, rare-earth metals experienced price hyperinflation in the range of 2700% between August 2010 and July 2011. FCC catalyst has experienced unprecedented inflation as a result. Rare earth is used to stabilize FCC catalyst zeolite in order to provide high FCC catalyst activity, liquid selectivities and superior coke selectivity. Removing rare earth from FCC catalyst will provide relief in catalyst expenses; however, it is not an economical solution in most FCC operations due to a lower activity and product value.


This paper addresses the recursive minimum-variance filtering problem for a class of two-dimensional shift-varying systems with stochastic nonlinearity and degraded measurements. The stochastic nonlinearity is governed by its statistical characteristics and the degraded measurements reflect the signal degradation obeying certain prescribed probabilistic distributions. The main objective of this paper is to construct a two-step recursive filter that achieves the minimum error variance of the state estimation at each step. Utilizing an inductive approach, unbiasedness of the proposed filter is first ensured and the parameters of the filter are then designed by resorting to the completing squares method. Subsequently, the filtering performances including the boundedness and the monotonicity are investigated with respect to the measurement degradations through mathematically rigorous analysis. Moreover, a computational algorithm is presented to facilitate the online implementation of the designed filter. Finally, numerical simulation illustrates the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed filtering scheme in the state estimation problem for monitoring a long transmission line in circuit systems.


ABSTRACT Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) has gained increased popularity in organizations but may engender information security concerns. To address these concerns, employees are expected to opt-in and comply with organizational BYOD security policy. This study investigates the factors that affect employees' opt-in decisions with BYOD security policy. Drawing on the theoretical lenses of persuasion and cognitive elaboration, we propose that employees' cognitive elaborations of BYOD security policy could be affected by the valence of justification of the BYOD security policy, the stringency of BYOD security measures, and the sequence of the introduction of BYOD security policy in relation to employees' use of personal devices to perform organizational tasks and such cognitive elaborations would in turn affect opt-in decisions. We conducted an experimental survey to test our propositions. The results indicate that positive BYOD security policy justification framing and post-task security policy exposure would lead to more positive cognitive elaboration, decision to opt-in, and compliance with the BYOD security policy. This research has significant implications for security management with respect to the design and implementation of BYOD security policy within an organization according to the nature of security policy and the task requirements.


This study examines the relationship between excess return volatility and economic policy uncertainty in U.S using monthly data for the period 1985-2011. The result reveals the existence of a long-run positive relationship between excess return volatility and economic policy uncertainty. The casualty test indicates that economic policy uncertainty Granger-causes excess return volatility. The vector error correction model result shows that previous values of economic policy uncertainty explain the variation in the excess return volatility. Moreover, the deviation of excess return from its long-run equilibrium level by 1 unit, it will adjust back by 7.56 percent of the deviation after a month.


One of the Editor's choice articles in 2021 published in Pathogens was a review of human babesiosis in Europe [...].


This essay examines the ways in which anthropologists have tracked the rise and fall of international law after the end of the Cold War. It argues that anthropological research has made important contributions to the wider understanding of international law as a mechanism for social and political change, a framework for protecting vulnerable populations, and a language through which collective identities can be expressed and valorized. Yet, over time, international law has lost many of these expansive functions, a shift that anthropologists have also studied, although with greater reluctance and difficulty. The essay explains the ways in which particular categories of international law, such as human rights and international criminal justice, grew dramatically in importance and power during the 1990s and early 2000s, a shift whose complexities anthropologists studied at the local level. As the essay also explains, anthropological research began to detect a weakening in human rights implementation and respect for international legal norms, a countervailing shift that has broader implications for the possibilities for international cooperation and the resolution of conflicts, among others. At the same time, the retreat of international law from its highpoint in the early post-Cold War years has given way to the reemergence of non-legal strategies for advancing change and accounting for past injustices, including strategies based on social confrontation, moral shaming, and even violence.


The regional pattern and its change of urbanization level were studied based on statistic data of urban population and city built-up area from 1998 to 2007 of same scale cities,which were provincial capital cities and municipality cities,and index as Increase Rate and Coefficient of Variation were used.The results showed: the regional difference of the East was still higher than the West and the Middle area,but the difference was decreased;the urbanization rate showed the obvious regional difference,that of the East was rapidest before 2003 and the Middle area had been the rapidest after 2003;responses of urbanization of population lagged behind that of urbanization of land.In all,the areal difference of urbanization level had shrunk,but it showed the different shrinking pattern of inner pattern of every part.


aChi-squared analysis comparing genotype distributions between case and control subjects. bAdjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, family history of cancer, tobacco use, alcohol use, and radiation exposure. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval BRCA1 is a vital DNA repair gene, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene have been studied in diverse cancer types. In this study, we investigated the association between eight common BRCA1 SNPs (common allele frequencies >5%) and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).


— Actinide (U, Np) dioxide single crystals were grown by a chemical transport reaction using tellurium tetrachloride as transporting agent. The oxides were transported from 1 075 to 975 °C in vacuum sealed quartz bulbs. Single crystal sizes were in the mm to cm range. The oxides were identified and characterized by the Debye-Scherrer and Weissenberg methods.


Based on characteristic of state key laboratory of enterprise, the application status, existing problem, and development prospect of computer technology used in scientific innovation activity were analyzed overall, from the aspects of theoretical analysis system, experiment technology system, engineering field application, and so on.


Times of half-completion (t1/2 values) are reported for the aminolysis by isopentyl- and 1,4-dimethylpentyl-amine of 2-halogeno-, 5-bromo-2-halogeno-, 2-halogeno-4,6-dimethyl-, and 4-halogeno-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidines. Within each group the bromopyrimidine is most reactive and the chloropyimidine generally least reactive, but the greatest difference in rate is only about three-fold.Eight isopentyl- or 1,4-dimethylpentyl-aminopyrimidines derived from these reactions are characterized, and syntheses for 2,5-dibromo-, 1,2-dihydro-5-iodo-2-oxo-, 2-chloro-5-iodo-, and 4-bromo-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine are described. Ionization constants and u.v. spectra for solutions in cyclohexane are tabulated.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral cladribine on brain atrophy as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) from the CLARITY study. BACKGROUND: The CLARITY study, a double-blind 96-week phase-3 trial of short-course oral therapy with cladribine demonstrated efficacy on clinical relapses and focal MRI lesions in RRMS patients. Global MRI measures of brain volume changes can provide a good measure of tissue atrophy rates, which is an expression of neuro-axonal integrity loss, gliosis, demyelination and possibly remyelination. DESIGN/METHODS: 1326 RRMS patients aged 18–55 years were randomized 1:1:1 to 5.25mg/kg cladribine, 3.5mg/kg cladribine, or placebo for 96 weeks. Brain atrophy measurements were performed on T1-weighted MRI data by using the SIENA method and expressed as percent brain volume change (PBVC) over the 96 weeks of treatment. Data were calculated using week-24 as baseline to avoid confounding factors such as delayed treatment effect and resolution of inflammation (i.e., pseudoatrophy). RESULTS: Brain atrophy assessments were performed for 889 cladribine treated patients and 437 placebo treated patients from CLARITY. The mean±SD PBVC from week 24 to week 96 was -0.77±0.95 for the combined cladribine treated group and -0.95 ±1.0 for the placebo group (p=0.002). There were no differences in PBVC between the two treatment regimens of cladribine (-0.77±0.96 with the 5.25 mg/kg dosage and -0.77±0.94 with the 3.5 mg/kg dosage). CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory analysis shows that treatment with cladribine tablets significantly reduced brain atrophy rates 24 weeks after its first assumption and for as long as 96 weeks. This additional benefit of this oral treatment for RRMS should be weighed against the risks. Supported by: Merck Serono S.A. – Geneva, Switzerland, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Disclosure: Dr. De Stefano has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono, Novartis, Teva Neuroscience, and BioMS. Dr. Giorgio has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Leucio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hamlett has received personal compensation for activities with EMD Serono as an employee. Dr. Scaramozza has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer research, employed by inVentiv Clinical Solutions, Inc. as an onsite consultant. Dr. Stubinski has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono S.A. as an employee.


This chapter discusses how the 1980s are often described as the lost decade in the history of development, when the allegedly universal crusade against poverty failed to deliver the expected results. In the early 1980s, neoliberal criticism of development continued apace. Critics railed against the social engineering underlying development and extolled the virtues of the market. The World Bank made no exception, as it moved away from Robert McNamara's basic needs-based policies, now considered harmful rather than useful. During the 1970s, while major donors retreated from bilateral lending, the World Bank had increased its commitments from $1 billion in 1968 to $13 billion in 1981. Cynical developing countries thought that it was "the rich countries' substitute for the NIEO." However, results were poor, and key elements of the system came under attack: the overextension of the public sector with duties beyond normal governmental functions; excessive emphasis on physical capital and the resulting underestimation of human capital; and the proliferation of economy-distorting controls. The African case was seen as exemplifying the distortions caused by antipoverty World Bank policies.


What guidance is available when an engineer is confronted with a soils investigation report listing numerous contaminants that may not be detrimental to concrete ? To try to answer this question, the Concrete Society established a Working Party to examine the effects of exposure to contaminated ground on concrete.


This paper presents two methods for increasing the traffic handling capability of a communication network with a minimum cost. Although we concentrate on traffic between one pair of stations (one commodity), the first formulation can be extended to the case of k flows (or k commodities). Both methods lead to a linear programming procedure, because linear cost increase is assumed.


H O N O LU LU , Sept. 27—W ith a ceiling w age o f 40 cen ts an h ou r se t, S en a to r V. A. C arv a lh o 's w age and hou rs bill w ill come up fo r th ird re ad in g in th e sen a te M on day. The bill w ill e s tab lish a m ax i m um 48-hour w eek and a m in i m um w age of 25 cen ts an h o u r on O ahu and 20 cen ts fo r th e outside islands. A com m ittee of th e w hole m ee t in g on th is bill w as held by th e s e n a te T h u rsd ay a fte rnoon . S ena to r Clem G om es of K aua i p res id  ing. B ill A m ended D u rin g th e com m ittee m ee tin g th e bill w as w idely am ended so as to conform to th e fed e ra l f a i r la  bo r s ta n d a rd s a c t m uch m ore th a n i t w ould have in th e fo rm a s in  troduced by S e n a to r C arvalho . F o r in s tance , th e bill as in troduced provided fo r no "ceiling w ag e ." I t w ould have g iven a u th o r ity to w age board o r w age boards to s e t a n y m in im um w ag e th ey th o u g h t f i t fo r an y p a r t ic u la r in d u stry . T his w as am ended to re ad so t h a t no w ag e b o ard m ay recom  m end an y ra te h ig h e r th a n 40: c en ts an hour. A n o th e r im p o rta n t am endm en t m ade w as th a t an y in v es tig a tio n of com pany books sha ll be conduc te d only by sources au th o rized by law , and th a t in fo rm a tio n co n ta in  ed in th e books m ay n o t be d ivul ged to sources o th e r th a n those au tho rized . S till a n o th e r im p o r ta n t am end m e n t m ade w as th a t an y in v es ti g a tio n th e m in im um w age-m ax im um h o u r p rov iison shall ta k e e f f e c t a s of J a n u a ry 1, 1942, in s tead of upon th e d a te of ap p ro v a l of th e bill. 32 BRAFTES RETURN H E ON HALEAKAIA, Spitzbergen Taken by British Japan Will Build A Marine Library TOKYO, Sept. 27—In answ er to the gen era l dem and fo r a com pre hensive lib ra ry on m arin e m a tte rs , i th e N ippon M arine P rom otion Soj c ie ty w ill e s tab lish a 500,000 yen ̂ m arin e lib ra ry . The new lib ra ry w ill house th o u  sands of volum es on ship-build ing, nav iga tion , m arin e en te rp rises , m arin e insu rance , n a u tic a l adven tu re and s im ila r sub jec ts. T he lib ra ry w ill be b u ilt on a five y e a r p lan w ith e ffeo rts being m ade to p ro cu re books, docum ents and m aps fro m every co rn e r of th e I e a rth . I T he socie ty is now m ak in g every ! e ffo rt to ob ta in a la rg e collection | le f t by th e la te K akich i U chida, j fo rm er G overnor-G eneral of F o r! m osa and a no ted a u th o r ity on i m a rin e a ffa irs . ■


Abstract The performance of measurement systems for small ice crystals is an important issue because of the need to characterize cirrus cloud microphysics for climate research. In a cloud formed of small quasi-spherical ice particles, as found in recently formed aircraft contrails, the PMS FSSP probe gives reliable measurements consistent with other probes. This is in contrast to the expectation, based on earlier work by others, that the FSSP measurements are unreliable when ice is present in the cloud. In natural cirrus on the other hand, where there are irregular large ice particles, the FSSP indeed gives the exaggerated response reported earlier. Here simple criteria by which the presence of spherically shaped small ice particles can be recognized are proposed. These criteria provide a useful indication of the occasions in ice clouds when FSSP measurements can be relied on.


Abstract A fully developed approach flow is necessary in open channel studies to maintain commonality among datasets obtained from different facilities. Two-component planar particle image velocimetry is used to study the characteristics of fully developed smooth open channel flow at a constant Reynolds number of 3.9 × 104 based on the maximum velocity and flow depth. The near-bed boundary layer is tripped to achieve a fully developed state and compared with the under- and over-tripped cases. The Reynolds stresses and higher-order moments are used as indicators to establish the fully developed state. Flow properties are explored by identifying uniform momentum zones (UMZs) using the probability density function of streamwise velocities. The instances are grouped based on the number of UMZs (NUMZ) and conditional averaging of flow variables of each group is used to evaluate the difference in flow properties between the developed and the developing flow. Large-scale ejections are found in the logarithmic layer when NUMZ is higher, whereas a lower number indicates the existence of large-scale sweeping motions. The distribution of the conditionally averaged ratio of the shear contribution from ejections and sweeps and velocity deficits shows a vertical variability in the fully developed state. The large-scale and pointwise quadrant events are used simultaneously to depict variability in inner flow properties between developing and fully developed flow which cannot be recognized in the mean flow characteristics. The sweep events have much higher shear generation in the outer flow in the fully developed state whereas the shear stress contribution from ejection is lower than that in developing flow.


Background: Noise is a known physical stress in workplace, which induces alterations of various physiological responses in exposed individuals. Aim of this study was Materials and Methods: Twenty-one adult albino wistar male rats seven in each of the following groups were used (N=7): 1-Control group, 2-Noise exposure (100 dB, 700-5700 Hz, 8 h/day, 8 days), 3-Noise exposure (100 dB,700-5700 Hz, 8 h/day, 14 days). The animals were anesthetized by CO to explore the status of oxidant and antioxidant parameters in blood and liver tissue of rats exposed to noise. Results: The present research findings showed significant decrease in liver weight and liver/body weight ratio in noise exposed groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). Fourteen days noise exposure caused a statistically significant increase in MDA level in serum and liver tissue and also statistically significant decrease in GSH level in serum (p<0.05), however, the level of GSH in the liver tissue showed no significant change. 8-days exposure just caused a statistically significant increase in MDA level in serum, and there was no significant change in the other parameters. Moreover, the levels of changes in biochemical parameters in noise exposed groups were exposure time-dependent. and after decapitation, blood and liver samples were collected and processed for estimation of biochemical parameters (MDA and GSH levels) in control and exposed groups. The results of present study showed that exposure to noise is toxic to blood and liver tissue. Further research for exploring the toxicity of noise in occupationally exposed groups is recommended.


In our previous article, we discussed the properties and industrial applications of supercritical fluids (SCF). We saw that in the majority of cases, the applications mainly involved the use of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is so commonly used because it is relatively inexpensive, abundant and inert with respect to other products or substrates with which it comes in contact, thus enabling its use as a food-grade fluid. Technically, its critical point (73 bar at 31 °C) makes it easily compressible in order to reach the supercritical range that is of interest to us. Its properties mean that it will behave as both a liquid, owing to its high density, and as a gas, thanks to its very low viscosity. As a function of the pressure and temperature parameters, its density and therefore its solvency will be adjusted as a function of the medium being treated (preservation of mechanical properties) and the target solute that one wants to extract (polarity and molar mass of the compound). Carbon dioxide also contributes to greenhouse warming. However, the carbon dioxide used in SCF facilities comes from the capture and storage of carbon waste from some chemical processes (ammonia, ethylene oxide, etc.). This CO2 is captured and conditioned by firms that specialize in gas sales (Carboxyque, Messer, etc.), and is then supplied to various segments of the food industry (inert gas blanketing, carbonated soft drinks, brewing, etc.). The DIAMANT® plant, whose process is based on the extraction of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) from cork using SCF, will ensure full recycling of the CO2 used in order to compensate for the high costs of investment, while also preventing environmental emissions. The quantities emitted are much lower than those released from fossil fuels (natural gas, gasoline, coal, transport, etc.).


A doctor is required to provide good medical care and complies with the standard to the public. Doctors in carrying out their practice must make medical records. The existence of a medical record is not only needed as part of the health service but also as a legal basis because it contains facts about the patient's condition about the history or condition if the disease and the treatment measures that have been, are being, and will be done by a doctor. The problem in this research is about counterfeiting of medical record data by doctors in Indonesia reviewed from the ethics, discipline, and law aspect. A complete and correct medical record contains the medical chronology from patients and becomes one of the keys to resolving cases malpractice even made excuses by corruptors to ignore from investigation process with illness reason. Medical records data counterfeiting cases in Indonesia are subject to ethics, discipline, and law sanctions based on applicable laws and regulations because the counterfeiting violated the provisions applicable rules in medical practice whereas if the case only violates the provisions of ethics code and/or discipline then it is  considered violations of ethic and/or discipline only. Thus, if a doctor is considered unlawful, then the doctor also violates ethics and discipline. Whereas, if a doctor is considered violate ethics and discipline then the doctor is not necessarily considered unlawful. Furthermore, a doctor should know and understand about ethics, discipline, and law related to medical practice and need special education every doctor continuously in order to give understanding about ethics, discipline, and law so that cases of violations of ethics, discipline, and law can be minimized, or even no more doctor in Indonesia does violation caused by lack of integrity as a doctor also need for improvement in the medical record system so that its existence can be well maintained and not easily manipulated by anyone. Keywords: Counterfeiting, Medical Record, Ethic, Discipline, Law.


At DLR (formerly DFVLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen, West Germany, a coherent polarimetric C-Band radar is in operation since three years for applications in microwave propagation (satellite communications) and cloud physics research. Its functional aspects are briefly described. The radar permits the characterization of scatter volumes consisting of statistically distributed targets by a time series of relative scattering matrices, the Stokes matrix and the covariance matrix. Radar scattering from extended meteorological targets is treated as a stationary ergodic stochastic process. The elements of the fundamental second moments (covariances) are discussed. Special consideration is given to the microphysical interpretation of polarimetric radar echoes using the scattering matrix and the covariance matrix approach. Polarization signatures for backscattered power and correlation observables are derived applying polarization transformations to the covariance matrix. Finally, the signal degradations on virtual Earth-satellite paths are studied with the aid of radar data for frequencies in the new bands (Ka-Band) for satellite communications.


Organised tawarruq has been heavily used by institutions offering Islamic financial services (IIFSs) in substantial volumes for many years, largely for the purposes of liquidity management (often referred to as 'commodity murabaha') and the provision of cash-in-hand, i.e. 'neutral' consumer finance. Typically, party A purchases a commodity on deferred payment and rapidly sells the same commodity on spot, where the seller in the first trade is supposedly a different party to the buyer in the second. As a result, party A is left with a cash lump sum on one hand and a corresponding higher debt obligation on the other. The overall transaction will be arranged or 'organised' by an IIFS.


Any language learning process is a complex phenomenon as it occurs on the cognitive, affective and socio-cultural levels. The interrelatedness of them all and the contextually-determined way in which they interact make language learning experiences unique to individuals. The context in which more than two languages are learnt adds to its complexity. This article examines what multilingual language users perceive as meaningful in two different contexts of language learning: L2 versus L3. Although unique, these two processes exhibit a fair degree of homogeneity, for example in terms of one`s coping potential as the major appraisal value both in L2 and L3 learning and growing negativity about language learning in later stages of life in L3 learning. on other their uniqueness of the and by the cultural differences, augmented the lack of skills and the interlocutor, The fi ndings of empirical on the relationship between ethnocentrism and communication apprehension taking place in the foreign language demonstrate that students with high levels of communication apprehension display higher levels of ethnocentrism in comparison to their non-apprehensive peers, mainly due to their cognitive, affective, and linguistic barriers .


One of the main obstacles to online learning is learning infrastructure and the availability of internet facilities, i.e., internet quotas. Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA) students regularly receive internet quota assistance from the Minister of Education and Culture and Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Therefore, it is expected that the online learning process will run well. The study aimed to determine 1) the impact of the online learning service quality on student satisfaction and 2) the moderation effect of Infrastructure to strengthen the effect of service quality on student satisfaction in online learning. The subjects of this study were students of the UNESA, Indonesia, with 250 students as research samples. Data collection was done by distributing online questionnaires using google forms. The data analysis technique used moderated regression analysis. The results proven that 1) the online learning service quality affects student satisfaction, 2) infrastructure as the moderator variable not proven as a moderator model, but infrastructure has a direct influence on student satisfaction in online learning.
Keywords: Online Learning Infrastructure, Students Satisfaction, Learning Quality


The purpose of the study is to examine the role of legitimacy in forming whistleblowing behavior in Ugandan procuring and disposing entities (PDEs).,This study has adopted both a quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional research design to collect data from a sample of 97 out of the population of 129 PDEs in Kampala, which are regulated by the Public Procurement and Disposal of Assets Authority.,This paper finds that improvement in the perception of public servants about the appropriateness of the Whistleblowers Act and its enforcers can increase on the reporting of unethical practices in public procurement.,This study has used a cross-sectional survey data. The causal relationships between variables are possibly obscured; as data from all participants are collected at the same point of time, perceptions go on changing over time. Therefore, further studies should use a longitudinal approach. Second, there are no constructs for legitimacy in public procurement and those from law are domesticated.,There should be a promotion of legitimacy of the Whistleblowers Act and the enforcement agencies of the Act. The government should devise means for the public servants to have an obligation to obey the holders of authority, to trust and have confidence in them and to enforce the Whistleblowers Act in an ethical and normative framework.,This study reveals the whistleblowing intentions and behavior of public servants in PDEs. This study would help the Government of Uganda to make the Whistleblowing Act legitimate and its enforcers to increase on the reporting of unethical practices in public procurement.


In the light of the theories of urban-rural co-ordination, the importance of rural human resources development including breaking through the dual structure between urban and rural areas, improving the quality of human resources and developing rural human resources is addressed and three problems in rural human resources development in west China such as few contribution to economy, bad human resources marketing environment and imperfection of system, are analysed and then suggestions are put forward.


This chapter argues that teaching writing helps graduate students become better writers. Every year, more than 100 graduate students from more than 30 departments participate in one of two required six-week training courses offered through Cornell's John S. Knight Institute for Writing in the Disciplines. This chapter describes specific features of the training curricula that help graduate students learn to write as academic professionals. Primary source material is drawn from graduate writing produced for course evaluations, assignments, or in response to surveys sent to current and former graduate students. Graduate student observations that figure prominently in this article include a focus on writing process, the connection between teaching writing and learning writing, the value of reflection, and the efficacy of building communities where writers read each other's work.


Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows were used to evaluate the extent to which the medial collateral liga ment must be injured before arthroscopic evidence of valgus instability is seen, the amount of ulnohumeral joint opening that does occur after such an injury, and the elbow position that maximizes visualization of this opening. While visualizing the most medial aspect of the ulnohumeral joint arthroscopically through the an terolateral portal, we sequentially sectioned the medial collateral ligament complex until all of the medial liga mentous restraints were cut. A valgus load was applied after each incision, and the extent to which the ulno humeral joint opened was measured. Ulnohumeral joint opening was not visualized in any specimen until complete sectioning of the anterior bundle was per formed. After the anterior bundle was released, 1 or 2 mm of joint opening was present in all specimens. Complete release of the medial collateral ligament led to dramatic increases in medial joint opening in all seven specimens (4 to 10 mm). Varying the angle of elbow flexion from 15° to 120° revealed that visualiza tion of the medial joint opening was best at 60° to 75°. Finally, forearm pronation increased ulnohumeral joint opening and supination decreased joint opening in all specimens. We found that the entire anterior bundle must be sectioned before measurable and reproduc ible medial joint opening can occur.


Recent industry studies suggest that customers routinely use multiple channels of the same retailer to make their purchases. However, most studies about the drivers of customer profitability only focus on customer behavior in a single channel. This research investigates customer channel migration and the outcome of channel migration on the drivers of customer profitability. We find that all single-channel buyers and all multi-channel buyers are not alike. In addition, we discuss how forecasts of customer migration patterns can impact channel equity, channel expansion decisions, and promotion and product strategies.


This thesis tests the A-indexes of Hu-Shen stock markets,180-index of Hu-sto ck market and Component-index of Shen-stock market through the log-periodogra m estimation.Two conclusions can be got:firstly,the long memory property of retu rn sequence is not significant in Hu-stock market,however,it is somewhat signif icant in Shen-stock market.Secondly,the volatility sequences of return of Hu-S hen stock markets are highly significant.


Since the middle of the 1990-s, international labour migration, or the movement of people across borders for employment, has become a widespread phenomenon in Ukraine. According to the offi cial estimates based on the fi rst Modular Population Survey on Labour Migration Issues, the number of working-age individuals working outside Ukraine at least once during January 2005 – June 2008 was about 1.5 million persons, or 5.1 percent of the working age population in Ukraine. Some experts estimate the number of Ukrainian migrant workers from 3 to 5 million persons, and sometimes at 7 million or even more [1, p. 25]. As the scale, scope and complexity of the issue of international labour migration has grown, the issue of its effective management has moved to the top of the policy agenda in Ukraine. However, inconsistent and ineffective migration policy, weak institutional capacity and the lack of inter-ministerial coordination in implementation of migration, employment and related policies impede an adequate response to labour migration challenges with leaving aside potential benefi ts of the organized labour migration. There is increasing international recognition of the links between labour migration and development. If properly managed, labour migration may generate important gains not only for the migrant workers themselves but also for the host and source countries. One of the major channels through which international labour migration is considered to have a direct positive effect on development of the source country is return migration 1. The commonly claimed benefi t is that migrants return with newly acquired


The with no lysine (K) (WNK) kinases are an evolutionarily ancient group of kinases with atypical placement of the catalytic lysine and diverse physiological roles. Recent studies have shown that WNKs are directly regulated by chloride, potassium, and osmotic pressure. Here, we review the discovery of WNKs as chloride-sensitive kinases and discuss physiological contexts in which chloride regulation of WNKs has been demonstrated. These include the kidney, pancreatic duct, neurons, and inflammatory cells. We discuss the interdependent relationship of osmotic pressure and intracellular chloride in cell volume regulation. We review the recent demonstration of potassium regulation of WNKs and speculate on possible physiological roles. Finally, structural and mechanistic aspects of intracellular ion and osmotic pressure regulation of WNKs are discussed. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 85 is February 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


It is well known that the concrete strength is affected by a lot of factors, and then traditional qualitative analysis method is main method to analyze concrete strength. It is difficult to quantified analysis. In order to better analyze the factors that affect the concrete strength, Fuzzy Analysis Hierarchy Process is introduced, and the main factor that affects the concrete strength is found out to measure the influence extent. In conclusion, the results of fuzzy evaluation are eventually achieved, which is applied in engineering practice.


Promoting reflective thinking in daily teaching practice is vital to prepare students to live in a more challenging world. Rich tasks are one of the promising tasks that could be used as pedagogy trend to develop students' reflective thinking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the usefulness of rich mathematical tasks including how teachers use them in their teaching practice and the improvement of students' reflective thinking following the rich tasks based instruction. This study employed a teaching experiment within a case study design. Participants were 28 Year 7 students of one the junior high school in Aceh, Indonesia. The instrument of the study is three valid and reliable rich mathematical tasks administered to the students through student worksheet. The results of the study show that rich tasks provided students with the opportunity to solve real-world problems by questioning their understanding and thinking reflectively. It also found that most students in the classroom were able to achieve the low level of reflective thinking with classroom mean score is 60. This value fairly enough since reflective thinking is a complicated concept. Subsequently, the results indicate the rich mathematical tasks approach hold potential in enhancing students' reflective thinking ability.


Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a powerful technology for the vital tasks of information retrieval (IR) and knowledge discovery (KD) which, in turn, feed the visualization systems of the present and future and enable knowledge workers to focus more of their time on the vital tasks of analysis and prediction. First, a definition of NLP. Natural language processing is a set of computational techniques for analyzing and representing naturally occurring texts at one or more levels of linguistic analysis for the purpose of achieving human-like language processing for a range of tasks or applications. The goal of researchers and developers of NLP is to produce systems that process text of any type, the same way which we, as humans, do-systems that take written or spoken text and extract what is meant at different levels at which meaning is conveyed in language. NLP is used for a wide range of tasks or applications. This discussion will focus on two particular tasks, namely information retrieval (IR) and knowledge discovery (KD). Figure l shows the levels of language processing at which cognitive linguists hypothesize that humans understand or extract meaning. An interesting point to note is that, while meaning is frequently thought to be conveyed at the level of language represented as "semantics," the fo l-lowing explanation will clarify how meaning is in fact conveyed and how we, as humans, extract meaning at every level of language, not just at the semantic level.


Guided electromagnetic waves propagating along lossless dielectric rod immersed in isotropic and uniaxial plasmas determined for applications to plasma diagnostics


The formation of O and H atoms in the reaction of CH2 with O2 was investigated behind incident shock waves at temperatures between 1000 K and 1700 K and at total densities between 5 · 10−6 and 1 · 10−5 mol/cm3 by means of Atomic Resonance Absorption Spectroscopy (ARAS) at 130.5 nm and 121.6 nm, respectively. The contribution of O and H forming channels was found to be about 20%. The rates of formation of O and H atoms in this reaction were determined to be

k1a = (4 ± 2) · 1010 cm3/mol · s

k1e = (5 ± 2) · 1010 cm3/mol · s

In the temperature range investigated an over all rate constant can be represented by k1 = (5 ± 3) · 1011 cm3/mol · s. A comparison with low temperature data leads to a change of the apparent energy of activation of the overall reaction in the temperature range between 300 and 1000 K.


The spectral features of the different kinds of the distilled spirits are different from each other. In this paper, 4 kinds of distilled spirits(with 10 brands)were selected as the objects. Their absorption and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra induced by ultraviolet light (200nm-500nm)have been studied respectively. We have extracted the characteristic parameters of their three-dimensional fluorescence spectra by PCA. As a result, we have found that it is effective to discriminate different distilled spirits by three typical parameters. The support vector machine (SVM) is used to assort the main characteristic root books which are abstracted by the PCA. The species identification of the distilled spirits will be realized by it. The experiment results show that it is effective to extract the main feature of the spectroscopy. The classify speed is greatly increased. The discrimination is 96.32. The fact has proved that the classification's accuracy rate of distilled spirit with different brands is very high.


The utility model discloses a truck tail anticollision device, comprising an anticollision box board (1) and a baffle block (2) fixedly connected with a compartment of a truck, and a connecting member (3) fixedly connected with the chassis of the truck, the external side surfaces of the anticollision box board (1) and the baffle block (2) are fixedly connected, the internal side surface of the baffle block (2) and the connecting member (3) are in an elastic pressing connection. and drilling of a car into the truck tail can be effectively prevented, the truck tail anticollision device is advantaged by simple structure and low manufacture cost, and belongs to the technology field of truck anticollision auxiliary device.


With a generalized Huaihe River outfall waterway as an example, a study is performed on the realization of a hybrid model. The position of the hybrid boundary is determined by a general prototype analysis, and a physical model and a mathematical model are developed for two parts divided by the hybrid boundary. For realization of the coupling between the physical model and the mathematical model, rhombic differential grids are adopted in the mathematical model, and a prediction of the water level variation at the hybrid boundary is added to the mathematical model, which may help improve the precision of coupling. Besides, some factors influencing the operation of the hybrid model are analyzed with emphasis placed on the parameter matching in realtime coupling of the hybrid model. The operating results of the model are presented, the precision of which satisfies the engineering requirements.


Radion couplings are almost identical to Higgs boson couplings, making it very difficult to distinguish the two states when the radion mass and vacuum expectation value are similar to those of the Higgs boson. The only real difference lies in the fact that the coupling of radions to off-shell fermions is proportional to the momentum rather than the mass of the fermion. This extra contribution gets cancelled in all tree-level processes and shows up only in loop-induced processes like Φ → γγ and Φ → gg. We perform a careful calculation of the branching ratios and establish that they can prove crucial in clearly distinguishing a radion from a Higgs boson. This claim is made concrete by evaluating the exclusive cross-sections in a radiative process involving elementary scalars. In recent years the two-brane model of Randall and Sundrum[1] has attracted a great deal of attention because it provides an elegant solution to the thirty-odd year-old hierarchy problem of high energy physics. The most attractive feature of the 1+4 dimensional RandallSundrum (RS) model is that it explains the large hierarchy between the electroweak scale (0.1 – 1 TeV) and the Planck scale (10 TeV) in terms of an exponential damping of the gravitational field across a small compact fifth dimension, without recourse to unnaturally large numbers. Since the hierarchy of scales is generated by an exponential damping across the fifth dimension, the size of this dimension requires to be just at the right value to ensure that the hierarchy is indeed a factor of MPl Mew ∼ 10. Since the fifth dimension has the topology of a once-folded circle, with two D3-branes at the fixed points, this amounts to fixing the However, it is only fair to mention that this is achieved at the expense of a delicate fine-tuning of the five-dimensional cosmological constant with the energy densities on two branes at opposite ends of the fifth dimension. distance Rc between the two branes very precisely. This, in turn, would require a mechanism to protect the radius against large quantum corrections. The absence of such a mechanism is a major flaw in the original braneworld model of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali[2]. The question was left unresolved even in the original work[1] of RS, but an elegant model to explain this was given shortly afterwards by Goldberger and Wise[3]. They used the simple device of generating a force between the two branes which would ensure equilibrium when the distance between them is precisely the radius Rc required to generate the required hierarchy. Because of the folded structure of the fifth dimension, it is only necessary to generate an attractive force between the branes — since each brane is, topologically speaking, on both sides of the other, the two pulls will balance at the equilibrium point. The attractive force is modelled by postulating the time-honoured device of a scalar field which lives in all five dimensions (bulk) and has quartic self-interactions, in the bulk, as well as in projection on the branes. It is necessary only to tune the vacuum expectation values (vev's) of the scalar field on the two branes to get an attractive force as required. In fact, it can be easily shown that the potential has an extremely steep minimum at the argument Rc, indicating that the hierarchy is fixed very accurately for small oscillations of the bulk size about this minimum. An important consequence of the (original) RS model is that there exists on the TeVbrane (which represents the observable Universe), a scalar field Φ, which is very much like a dilaton field and has been dubbed the radion. The RS metric, with radial fluctuations, is written in the form ds = e (x)φ gμν(x)dx dx − [T (x)] dφ (1) where T (x) is a modulus field representing dilatation of the bulk, K is the bulk curvature and φ is an angular coordinate describing the fifth dimension. We can now show[4] that the five-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action reduces, in four dimensions, to a theory with Kaluza-Klein gravity and a scalar term


From Marxism fundamental criteria on productivity and three social morphological theories,a conclusion can be drawn logically:the contemporary socialism should and can employ partly the composition of the individual economy.The experiences and lessons from the socialist revolution and construction have also proved the correctness of the conclusion sufficiently.


Forest musk deer( Moschus berezovskii) is an important wildlife resource in China,with high economic value. Strengthening artificial breeding can effectively protect the wildlife resource of forest musk deer. This article outlines the resource situation of the forest musk deer and the details of nutrition research,artificial breeding technology,genetic diversity,diseases etc. in the process of artificial breeding,providing a basic information for the artificial breeding of forest musk deer.


Abstract— The kinetics of methylation of neurophysin by the enzyme protein‐carboxyl methyltransferase (EC 18.104.22.168) was investigated, together with the subcellular distribution of enzyme and endogenous substrate in the bovine posterior pituitary gland. Using a preparation of the methyltransferase, purified from acetone‐dried powders of bovine posterior pituitary gland, bovine neurophysin was found to be a better substrate than those proteins usually employed, neurophysin having a lower apparent Km and higher Vmax than the other substrates. Arginine‐vasopressin did not inhibit the methylation of neurophysin, supporting the hypothesis that methylation and hormone‐binding sites are different. Vasopressin, however, increased the rate of methylation of neurophysin I by the methyltransferase. but was without effect on the rates of methylation of the other components of bovine neurophysin. After subcellular fractionation of fresh bovine posterior pituitary glands, some 77% of the recovered methyltransferase activity was found in the high‐speed supernatant fraction, being distributed throughout all the fractions similarly to lactate dehydrogenase. Neurophysin is therefore unlikely to become a substrate until released from the neurosecretory granules during stimulation of the gland. Some evidence is presented for the presence of an endogenous substrate other than neurophysin, in the high‐speed supernatant fraction.


A benign method of generating a surface microstructure that provides pool boiling heat transfer enhancement is introduced. Pool boiling heat transfer results from an enhanced, horizontally oriented, rectangular surface immersed in saturated FC-72, indicate up to an 85 percent decrease in incipient superheat, a 70 to 80 percent reduction in nucleate boiling superheats, and a ∼109 percent increase in the critical heat flux ( CHF = 30 W/cm 2 ), beyond that of the nonpainted reference surface. For higher heat flux conditions (19 to 30 W/cm 2 ), localized dryout results in increased wall superheats (8 to 48°C). The enhanced surface heat transfer coefficients are four times higher than those from the reference surface and similar to those from the Union Carbide High Flux surface. Photographs that identify differences in bubble size and departure characteristics between the painted and reference surfaces are presented.


A therapeutic apparatus for treating cervicodynia and lumbago is composed of electromagnetic circuit, delay control circuit, electrode control circuit and therapeutic cup body. Said therapeutic cup body consists of negative pressure generating cavity containing piston and monodirectional negative pressure valve core, exhaust valve on cup body side communications with negative pressure cavity, andworking cavity containing vibration unit composed of electromagnetic coil, magnetic conductor, permanent magnet, and vibrating body. Its advantages include the combination of thermotherapy, vibrationand massage, and high curative effect up to 98.5%.


Hexagonal WO3·0.33H2O and mixed WO3·0.33H2O(orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O as the main phase) were synthesized by liquid method(80 ℃) and by ion-exchange and hydrothermal process(150 ℃),respectively,using Na2WO4·2H2O as the precursor.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM),infrared spectra(FTIR),X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) and Cyclic voltommetry.The inter-shifting of adjacent WO6 octahedron layers in orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O produces voids,but ways appear in hexagonal WO3·0.33H2O for no displacement;Orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O had shorter W=O and more minus conduction band than hexagonal WO3·0.33H2O.UV-Vis transmittance spectra indicate that more distinct electrochromism of hexagonal WO3·0.33H2O may be responsible for easy H+ diffusion into the structure and favorable to redox reaction.Photocatalytic property of mixed WO3·0.33H2O is better than hexagonal WO3·0.33H2O,because more minus conduction bands of orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O are brought about due to easy absorption of electrons from valence band by electron acceptors and recombination restriction of electron-holes.


This paper proposes a new semantic representation and its associated similarity measure. The representation expresses textual context observed in a context of a certain term as a network where nodes are terms and edges are the number of cooccurrences between connected terms. To compare terms represented in networks, a graph kernel is adopted as a similarity measure. The proposed representation has two notable merits compared with previous semantic representations. First, it can process polysemous words in a better way than a vector representation. A network of a polysemous term is regarded as a combination of sub-networks that represent senses and the appropriate sub-network is identified by context before compared by the kernel. Second, the representation permits not only words but also senses or contexts to be represented directly from corresponding set of terms. The validity of the representation and its similarity measure is evaluated with two tasks: synonym test and unsupervised word sense disambiguation. The method performed well and could compete with the state-of-the-art unsupervised methods.


An electrostatic transducer, made as a sandwich with a thin foil membrane, gives an output voltage, the first derivative of which is exactly proportional to the volume velocity passing through it. Such a sandwich is located at a place where the acoustic impedance is to be measured with a feeding loudspeaker in front of it. The loudspeaker is fed by a tone generator with a compressor, controlled by the first derivative of the output voltage of the sandwich. The arrangement acts as a constant‐volume velocity generator. In this case, the acoustical impedance of the attached system is proportional to the acoustic pressure, measured by a condenser microphone at the output of the sandwich.


Deals with the problem of the switching of controllers applied to the 2 DOF generic controller. In fact, when two controllers are switched an unwanted bump in the control signal may be introduced. One way to avoid this disagreement is to introduce a bumpless transfer. The 2 DOF generic controller is composed of two parts: the feedforward controller to obtain a desired behaviour and the feedback controller for the regulation. The switching of the feedforward controller does not need a bumpless transfer whereas that of the feedback controller needs one. The interest in using a bumpless transfer is to integrate it in the reconfiguring functions of the control laws in order to supervise a plant.


CASE HISTORY The patient, a 24-year-old woman in the 38th week of pregnancy, noted the onset of progressive lethargy, malaise, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting 1 week before admission. On admission, she was observed to be slightly dehydrated, with moderate scleral icterus. Mild right upper quadrant tenderness and a term-size uterus were found on abdominal examination. Fetal heart tones were normal and the infant was vertex and engaged. Vital signs were normal and the remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable.


Abstract : An array of thermal emitters has been developed for use in a portable test set to enable field testing of low-performance infrared imaging systems and seekers. It is not known if this technology can be used to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art thermal imagers. This paper describes the preliminary measurements of thermal pixel array (TPA) performance. The radiant output of TPA was measured as a function of pattern size and drive voltage. Simple models were developed that agree with many aspects of the experimental data. Spatial and temporal noise characteristics of the TPA have been ascertained through three-dimensional noise analysis. Detection algorithms were used to compare images of test patterns produced by the TPA to images of similar test patterns produced by a standard blackbody.


Touts for a jewelry store are the only people on a renovated but deserted Qianmen Street in the nation's capital. The famous commercial street was originally built in 1550.Touts wear Qing Dynasty imperial costumes to attract customers,while a bored security guard


Algorithms influence every facet of modern life: criminal justice, education, housing, entertainment, elections, social media, news feeds, work… the list goes on. Delegating important decisions to machines, however, gives rise to deep moral concerns about responsibility, transparency, freedom, fairness, and democracy. Algorithms and Autonomy connects these concerns to the core human value of autonomy in the contexts of algorithmic teacher evaluation, risk assessment in criminal sentencing, predictive policing, background checks, news feeds, ride-sharing platforms, social media, and election interference. Using these case studies, the authors provide a better understanding of machine fairness and algorithmic transparency. They explain why interventions in algorithmic systems are necessary to ensure that algorithms are not used to control citizens' participation in politics and undercut democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.


The process and parameter of burnt-out printing of super soft and short plush polyester fabric with double-sided color are introduced,including preparation,pre-setting,back-face dyeing,raising,setting,pile-face dyeing,burnt-out printing,washing,dewatering,drying,setting and packaging.The key factors affecting product quality in production are analyzed,and the solutions are proposed.


STATCOM(STATic synchronous COMpensator) is mainly to support busbar voltage and maintain the stability of DC-link capacitor voltage.The operational principle and mathematical model of STATCOM are introduced.A novel control strategy is proposed,which uses current feed-forward loop and PI(Proportional-Integral) loop in regulation system to control the DC capacitor voltage while the automatic busbar voltage control is composed of PI and scaling factors of droop characteristic.The control system design is discussed.The simulation and experiment on a 7.5 kV·A system indicate that the DC capacitor voltage and busbar voltage can be controlled efficiently,which proves the correct control system and the effective controller design.


Vaginal surgery is the true hallmark of the specialty of gynecology. Although many disciplines perform abdominal and laparoscopic procedures, it has been this unique surgical approach that defines our field. For over 100 years, gynecologists have been the ''minimal invasive surgeons'' and pioneered ''natural orifice surgery'' long before this terminology was popular. The development of safe and effective vaginal procedures for a variety of indications and symptoms has lengthened and improved the quality of lives for millions of women. The topics covered in this edition were chosen to cover the breath of surgical procedures performed vaginally for a broad range of conditions including pelvic organ prolapse, fibroids, and congenital anomalies. Traditional vaginal surgeries, such as vaginal hysterectomy, are included as well as the latest techniques for managing pelvic organ prolapse, includingmesh augmentation. The surgical management of complications is also reviewed including removal of vaginal mesh and vaginal scarring. Each author was chosen for their expertise as a busy, active surgeon in the field as well as for their knowledge of the history and literature around their topic. The authors were specifically asked to give useful, practical advice for performance of the surgery, and tips and tricks that they have learned over the years as vaginal surgeons.


In a mobile network, wireless data broadcast over <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq1-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> channels (frequencies) is a powerful means for distributed dissemination of data to clients who access the channels through multi-antennae equipped on their mobile devices. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq2-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-antennae largest weight data retrieval (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq3-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>ALWDR) problem is to compute a schedule for downloading a subset of data items that has a maximum total weight using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq4-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> antennae in a given time interval. In this paper, we first give a linear programming (LP) relaxation for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq5-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>ALWDR and show that it is polynomial-time solvable when every data item appears at most once. We also show that when there exist data items with multiple occurrences, the integrality gap of this LP formula is 2. We then present an approximation algorithm of ratio <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1-\frac{1}{e}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq6-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq7-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>-antennae <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq8-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-separated largest weight data retrieval (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq9-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>A<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq10-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>LWDR) problem, a weaker version of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq11-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>ALWDR where each block of up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq12-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> data (time) slots is separated by a vacant slot on all channels, applying the techniques called collectively randomized LP rounding and layered DAG construction. We show that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq13-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>A<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq14-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>LWDR is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathcal NP}-$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq15-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>complete even for the simple case of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma =2$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq16-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m=3$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq17-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>, and equal-weight data items each appearing up to 3 times. Our algorithm runs in time <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(2^{\gamma}m^{7}T^{3.5}L)$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq18-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq19-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> is the number of time slots, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq20-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the maximum length of the input. Then, from the simple observation that a ratio <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\alpha$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq21-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> approximation solution to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq22-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>A<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq23-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>LWDR implies a ratio <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha -\epsilon$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq24-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> approximation solution to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq25-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>ALWDR for any fixed <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon >0$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq26-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, we immediately have an approximation algorithm of ratio <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1-\frac{1}{e}-\epsilon$</tex-math> <alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq27-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq28-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>ALWDR. Our algorithm has the same approximation ratio as the known result in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref15">[15]</xref> which holds only for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta =1$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq29-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, with a significantly lower time complexity of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(2^{\frac{1}{\epsilon}}\frac{1}{\epsilon}m^{7}T^{3.5}L)$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq30-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> (improved from <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\epsilon ^{3.5}m^{\frac{3.5}{\epsilon}}T^{3.5}L)$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq31-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref15">[15]</xref> ). As a by-product, we also give a fixed-parameter tractable (fpt-)algorithm of time complexity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(2^{B}m^{7}T^{3.5}L)$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq32-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq33-2696009.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula>ALWDR, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="shen-ieq34-2696009.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the number of time slots that contain data items with multiple occurrences.


Any theory of protein synthesis in vivo has to take into account theapparent absence from the cell ofthe obviousintermediates inthesynthesis ofproteinfrom amino-acids, namely peptides. Linderstr0m-Lang (1949) has pointed out that thermodynamic considerations would render unlikely the accumulation ofappreciable quantities ofpeptides oflowmolecular weight; nevertheless, such compounds might be traced by the improved methods now available for the fractionation of amino-acids and peptides. It was considered worth while to re-open this question by applying to the water-soluble constituents of liver the methods of fractionation used by us in the isolation of the toxic factor from agenized flour (Campbell, Work & Mellanby, 1951). Liver was chosen as an organ with a rapid rate of metabolism and a considerable capacity for protein synthesis. This paper presents some preliminary results on the fractionation of liver extracts during which we have isolated and characterized glycerylphosphorylethanolamine, (I), a substance not


Abstract:This study extends research on cultural reproduction theory and employs a critical quantitative lens to examine how schools contribute to differential science outcomes based on intersectional student backgrounds. Using nationally representative PISA 2015 data, structural equation modeling is utilized with intersectional student background groups to examine how U.S. students' educational experiences in schools – opportunity to learn, sense of belonging, and perceptions of academic climate – mediate the relationship between student background and scientific literacy. The direct and indirect findings from this study provide important insight about school mediators that can help account for the gap in science outcomes in the U.S. and inform more equitable policies and practices.


Own Se minerals, first established in primary ores of VMS deposits of the Urals, are described. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of bulk ore samples, mineral monofractions and local methods of analysis: LA-ICP- MS, electron probe microanalysis and analytical electron microscopy were used. CSe in ores of the Urals to 977 g/t. Significant positive correlation of Se with Te, S, Fe, Co, Mo, Hg, Bi is characteristic. Selenium is con- centrated in the main sulfides, mainly in pyrite (73 g/t), chalcopyrite 49 g/t, pyrrhotite 48 g/t; in sphalerite usually <10 g/t. High Se content (up to 1–3 wt.%) occurs in the minor and rare minerals from massive sulfide ores (mainly compounds of Pb, Te, Bi): tetradymite, galena, tellurobismuthite, altaite, wittichenite. Own Se minerals in ores are represented by kawazulite, clausthalite, galena-clausthalite Pb(Se,S), micron inclusions composition (Ag, Cu)2(Se, S), (Ag, Pb)3(Te, Se)S, (Ag, Pb)2(S, Se).


The pandemic crisis of COVID-19 hit the financial markets like a shockwave on 16 March 2020. This paper attempts to capture which 'safe assets' asset managers could have fled during the first wave of the pandemic. From an investment manager's perspective, candidate assets are stocks, bonds, exchange rates, commodities, gold, and (gold-backed) cryptocurrencies. Empirical tests of the 'Safe-Haven' hypothesis are conducted, upon which the selection of assets is performed. The methodological framework hinges on the Global Minimum Variance Portfolio with Monte Carlo simulations, and the routine is performed under Python. Other optimization techniques, such as risk parity and equal weighting, are added for robustness checks. The benchmark portfolio hits a yearly profitability of 7.2% during such a stressful event (with 3.6% downside risk). The profitability can be enhanced to 8.4% (even 14.4% during sub-periods) with a careful selection of 'Safe assets'. Besides short- to long-term U.S. bonds, we document that investors' exposure to Chinese, Argentinian, and Mexican stocks during COVID-19 could have been complemented with Swiss and Japanese currencies, grains, physical gold mine ETFs, or gold-backed tokens for defensive purposes.


The efficiency of an algorithm depends greatly on the data structure adopted in practice, while the processing of useless data can cause not only much waste of memory but also much waste of time. Hence to eliminate redundant information is one of the main focuses in the research of algorithms, and the issue has received extensive attention in real-time field (especially those based on dense/continuous time semantics) for many years. After investigating existing problems in finite representation and operations, and by analyzing the dependence relation in information, a method is presented for eliminating redundant information in representation of dense time, which is developed based on an modification of the procedure of 慛ormalization? The correctness of the method is proved and the efficiency is tested by experiences.


The myogenic response of cerebral resistance arterial smooth muscle to intraluminal pressure elevation is a key physiological mechanism regulating blood flow to the brain. Rho-associated kinase plays a critical role in the myogenic response by activating Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms: (i) Rho-associated kinase inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase by phosphorylating its targeting subunit myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (at T855), augmenting 20 kDa myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphorylation and force generation; and (ii) Rho-associated kinase stimulates cytoskeletal actin polymerization, enhancing force transmission to the cell membrane. Here, we tested the hypothesis that abnormal Rho-associated kinase-mediated myosin light chain phosphatase regulation underlies the dysfunctional cerebral myogenic response of the Goto-Kakizaki rat model of type 2 diabetes. Basal levels of myogenic tone, LC20, and MYPT1-T855 phosphorylation were elevated and G-actin content was reduced in arteries of pre-diabetic 8–10 weeks Goto-Kakizaki rats with normal serum insulin and glucose levels. Pressure-dependent myogenic constriction, LC20, and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 phosphorylation and actin polymerization were suppressed in both pre-diabetic Goto-Kakizaki and diabetic (18–20 weeks) Goto-Kakizaki rats, whereas RhoA, ROK2, and MYPT1 expression were unaffected. We conclude that abnormal Rho-associated kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization contributes to the dysfunctional cerebral myogenic response in the Goto-Kakizaki model of type 2 diabetes.


An underwater glider is a buoyancy-propelled and fixed-wing vehicle with attitude controlled completely by means of internal mass redistribution. In order to independently accomplish complex missions in unstructured and unknown oceanic environment, intelligent control system is needed to provide the underwater glider with the ability of active autonomy. Based on the RW (Ramadge & Wonham) supervisory control theory of discrete event dynamic system (DEDS), a three-level hierarchical supervisory control architecture for underwater glider is presented. The DEDS formalism models of underwater glider in terms of finite state automata (FSA) are built, and the realization of the hierarchical supervisory control (HSC) system is brought forth in detail. The simulation result shows that the three-level supervisory control system can adapt to uncertain undersea environment, and makes reasonable planning


The forest biomass was taken as the object,lie in Yaoshan,GuiLin city,it regard IRS-P6 LISS-III/IV data and Landsat 7 ETM + data as the source of information.It set up multiple linear regression equation of coniferous forest volume by remote sensing estimation while five varibles were eliminated.The coniferous forest volume was studied in Yaoshan by quantitative remote calculation and analysis.The results show that the forest biomass in the southeast of Yaoshan is bigger than the northwest aeras.New evidences are provided throughout some related conclusions on how to manage ecology environment in Yaoshan aeras,Guilin,especially is for the field of forest in a comprehensive way.


A Review of Who's Who in Shakespeare's England, by Alan and Veronica Palmer London: Methuen, 2000, 280pp, ISBN: 0–413–74710–7 (paperback) Shakespeare: The Basics, by Sean McEvoy London: Routledge, 2000, 282pp, ISBN: 0–415–21289–8 (paperback)


As computer-assisted language learning (CALL) implementations and blended instruction become more prominent, it is—as many CALL researchers have argued—crucial that such pedagogical innovations be founded in second language acquisition (SLA) theory, building on SLA and CALL SLA research results, and evaluated using best practices and newest methodologies (see Chapelle, 2009). Blended language program evaluation by Gruba, Cárdenas-Claros, Suvorov, and Rick is an excellent example of combining program evaluation research and theory from a variety of disciplines with CALL, specifically blended language instruction.


The paper presents basic information about the Lobor wooden church built at the turn of the 8th into the 9th century, which was built by the Frankish missionaries from northern Italy at the beginning of the process of Christianization of Pannonian Slavs. The church has a single nave with a rectangular apse and a porch on the Facade. During research into the church, the remains of a mensa and parts of an early medieval reliquary were found (bone lining of a wooden box). The wooden church was demolished in the 10th or early 11th century.


Hotelling initiated the use of spatial analogies in assessing market differentiation. In this paper, this line is followed to analyze differentiated international markets. Most of the economies in the world are arrayed as if they are a continuum of points of demand. In this paper, this continuum of demand points is partitioned into homogeneous segments by use of a classification algorithm that minimizes within-group variation. The criteria used for classifying are two indicators of market overlap that have been suggested as important by the new trade theory, proximity of gross national product (GNP), and proximity of per capita GNP. Several of the derived market partitions are compared with other classifications of international markets in the form of existing and planned geographically discriminatory trade arrangements.


A connection member electrically connects an optical element configured to convert an electric signal to an optical signal or to convert an optical signal to an electric signal, a first substrate including an incident/releasing port of an optical transmission path for an optical signal at least one end portion thereof, and a second substrate to each other. The optical transmission path is optically coupled with the optical element to transmit the optical the connection. The connection member includes a connection unit connected to the second substrate and a holding unit having elasticity and holding the first substrate. The holding unit is provided with an electrode at a connecting position to the first substrate, and the holding unit holds the first substrate by connecting the first substrate to the electrode.


In this work, the perception of the position and orientation of a directional acoustic source in a real enclosed environment by blindfolded listeners is investigated and compared with a method that automatically estimates the position and orientation of the source using a T-shaped microphone array. In the subjective experiment using blindfolded listeners, a human speaker acted as an acoustic source and listeners judged the speaker's facing angle (one out of four possible orientations shifted by 90 � ) and position after listening to a spoken sentence. This procedure was performed twice, before and after a training phase. In the training, listeners were allowed to remove the blindfold and verify the speaker's position and orientation. After the training, the correct orientation ratio increased from 75.0 to 76.5% and the average position error decreased from 66.2 to 60.6 cm. In addition, a subjective experiment on orientation estimation with eight orientations shifted by 45 � in the same real environment showed that orientation estimation in a real environment was more difficult than that in an anechoic environment. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used in the automatic estimation method. A correct orientation ratio of 68.1% and an average position error of 48.0 cm were obtained by the T-shaped microphone array located nearest to the blindfolded listener among an array network consisting of eight T-shaped microphone arrays, enabling a rough comparison between human auditory perception and the automatic estimation method (a correct orientation ratio of 67% and a better average position error of 38.6 cm were the best results obtained by a T-shaped array in the network). It was clarified that the automatic estimation method cannot surpass the auditory system in terms of correct orientation ratio; however, it yielded better results in terms of the average position error.


Chapters in the book elucidate on the current thinking on regional planning, trace the evolution of official policy, analyse the framework of 'induced development', discuss the incentives provided by the Central & State Governments and Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), the scope and rationale of the lead bank scheme' of commercial banks, and indicate cursorily the industrial potential of backward areas in the country.


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jingqianping granule of treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in phase Ⅱ clinical trail.Methods:Multicentre,random,double blind and double simulation and control method was adopted in this study.403 cases were divided into the treatment group( n =202),the control group( n =101) and the open treatment group( n =100).Results:For 303 cases with the method,clinical cure rate and notable curative effect rate of the treatment group were 77.72%,the total rate of curative effect was 96.04%;the cure rate and notable curative effect rate after 3 menstrual phases of succedent visit was 83.64%,the total rate of curative effect was 95.76%;there were significant difference compared with the control group ( P 0.01). The toxic and adverse drug reaction was not observed.Conclusion:Jingqianping granule is effective and safe in treatment of the liver qi invasion of PMS,especially for the patients with mild symptoms.


Disparity-induced vergence was studied in combination with saccadic eye movements. The increase in vergence speed obtained in these cases is known. The variations of the saccadic and post-saccadic eye movements among different tests were studied to estimate the normal subject's capability to pre-program both version and vergence in order to reach a sensorial fusion of the target as fast as possible. Training with a repetitive stimulus reduced the time necessary to realise the disjunctive movement and the latency of convergence. The presence of short and long alternated disjunctive movements since the beginning of the test support the idea that a pre-programming of the vergence component is immediately possible, even if repeated stimulations are not used. Consequently, cases of intermittent exotropia could be treated by means of an optical exercise that was able to increase the patient's ability to pre-program, in all dynamic visual conditions, the vergence component with the saccade. In this way, the decompensation of latent strabismus can be made faster.


ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical properties of new cellulosic fiber obtained from the bark of Melia Azedarach tree. The investigation outcomes revealed that, the cellulose content, crystallinity index and density of Melia Azedarach Fiber (MAF) were determined as 66.5 wt.%, 45.45% and 950 Kg/m3, respectively. The MAF had thermal stability up to 220θC which is evidenced from the thermo gravimetric analysis. The Fourier Transform Infra Red test clearly specified the existence of cellulosic and non-cellulosic substance in MAF. The morphological analysis showed that MAF contains smooth surfaces and its diameter is measured as 48.2 ± 2 µm. The results of this investigation on MAF were evident that it can be used as future reinforcement material to develop the green composite for potential applications.


Author(s): Hendrickson, Thomas | Advisor(s): Sailor, Dylan | Abstract: I argue that the physical media through which literature was experienced (books, statues, and especially libraries) are crucial for understanding how liberal studies functioned in the economy of prestige. This is a study of the interactions between literature and society. The focus is not strictly on how society influenced literature, or how literature influenced society, but rather on how material manifestations of literature can shed light on the power dynamics of Roman society. In a domestic context, libraries could be used to define the meaning of places in the house, and their physical structure could be used by a dominus to reinforce and justify his place in the social hierarchy, in particular in relation to guests. At the same time, the very materiality of libraries had a tendency to undermine their place in elite ideology by implicating them in the discourse of luxuria. Finally, control over the material trappings of the library (especially author portraits) could function as a proxy for the exercise and establishment of cultural authority, which was inextricably bound up with political power. As such, fights over library statuary provide a window into the inter-relationship between power and paideia.


For 183 adult college students, all over 25 years of age, correlations between their academic success and self-esteem, as measured by the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, were positive. The rs were significant for age also, but other correlations between demographic variables and self-esteem scores were not significant.


With the storm around the Sudan Ⅰ red dye only just beginning to die down,food safety issues are back on the public agenda.


On the hypothesis that the molecules of liquid and crystalline substances are distorted by the forces exerted on them by the surrounding molecules, it may be expected that the transition from the liquid to the crystalline state will be accompanied by a change in the specific magnetic property of the substances to an extent dependent upon the nature of an individual molecule and its grouping with other molecules. If this change of specific diamagnetic susceptibility be noted by ∂א, we may write ∂א = אc - אl = N/H (∆M c - ∆M l ), wher אc and אl are the specific susceptibilities of the crystals and the liquid, and ∆M c and ∆M l are the diamagnetic moments induced in a distorted molecule of the crystalline and liquid states, respectively, by the application of a magnetic field H. N is the number of molecules per gramme of the substance. In the present investigations, about 20 organic substances, most of which are of an aromatic nature, have been examined and the results are recorded in Part I of the main communication.


The challenges presented by deep-submicron interconnect back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration continue to grow in number, complexity, and required resolution at 90 nm and 65 nm. These challenges are causing industry-wide delays in technology deployment as well as low and often unstable yields. The historically observed improvements in time to successful yield ramp and final manufacturing yield as the industry deploys new technology nodes disappeared at 90 nm. Such improvements have been significant factors in fueling the semiconductor industry's growth. Optimized test structures are necessary to measure and analyze the causes for systematic yield loss. This article introduces a novel test structure for BEOL - an infrastructure IP for process monitoring. It also describes a method for characterizing and measuring yield ramp issues and solutions for improving silicon debug and DFM.


With consideration of changing in the powertrain degree of freedom at the actual conditions in all possible conditions, the automotive powertrain system is divided into four phases with application of the finite state machine phase concepts. The torque converter lockup clutch friction state judgment method is given, and the degree of freedom of each phase with the changing of system is analyzed. The powertrain system real-time model and integrated virtual test environment considering the dynamic response of shifting are built. Simulation test is conducted and compared with the CarSim vehicle model. The simulation results show that this model meet the modeling accuracy requirements, and the use of virtual experiment platform can effectively reduce the time and cost of validation testing.


By-pass dusts are waste products formed during the production of Portland clinker. Due to the high amounts of chlorine in by-pass dust, they cannot be reused in cement production. Mineral fertilizer producers have the technology to recover potassium from by-pass dust, during which unwanted chlorine is simultaneously extracted. Due to the high content of non-carbonated CaO in the residue after extracting potassium and chlorine from by-pass dust, this material can be a very valuable ingredient in the production of Portland clinker. This paper aims to present the possibility of producing low-emission Portland clinker using the residue after extracting potassium and chlorine from by-pass dust. Using the maximum amount of extraction residue in the raw material sets from which Portland clinker is produced reduced emissions by 407.6 kg CO2 per Mg of Portland clinker, compared to Portland clinker produced from natural carbonate raw materials. Additionally, cements made from clinkers calcined with extraction residue showed better strength increases after 2, 7, 28, and 90 days of curing compared to reference cement made from Portland clinker calcined with natural carbonate raw materials.


STUDENT: STEVE ZAHRA SUPERVISOR: ING. MARVIN K. BUGEJA Introduction The rotational inverted pendulum also known as the Furuta pendulum, consists of a two-link mechanism were a motorized arm, which can rotate in a horizontal plane, is used to control the movement of a freely attached rod[5]. The control task is to swing-up the pendulum from its natural pendant position and balance it in the unstable inverted position, using only rotational movements of the horizontal arm. In addition, it is required to park the arm at some reference angle. This renders the control task more challenging. This control problem is theoretically interesting because it is inherently open-loop unstable, and more importantly because it is nonlinear and under-actuated. Consequently, it is a classical benchmark problem in control, and is widely used to illustrate and motivate various control methods. Moreover, the control issues encountered when dealing with inverted pendulums are closely related to real-life applications involving robotics and space-rocket guidance systems.


This article covers the history of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Belarus being one of the influential international organizations, joining the United Nations organization, its participation, support and participation in international projects under the auspices of the organization. The article also covers the relations between the countries of Uzbekistan and Belarus within the framework of the UN.


Resource allocations in plants can be estimated to study biomass distribution in the various organs during a vegetative cycle. Six isolated Europeen beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) of the same age were chosen within a station characterized by homogeneous ecological conditions: 229 annual shoots located on equivalent first order axes in the ramification were analysed to describe the distribution of dry material in leaves and stipules (for maintenance), in the axis (for present growth), in buds (for future growth), in infructescences (for female reproduction), and in male inflorescences (for male reproduction). The discrimination between acquisitions and allocations, which correspond to two different but complementary realities, is discussed. Development strategies are different between long and short vegetative shoots; the first one favours growth to explore the environment while the latter favours the maintenance to exploit it. When these two kinds of shoots flower and have additional resources, these ne...


Objectives : To estimate the incidence of thalassemia and study the effectiveness of iron chelation in Thai thalassemic children admitted at Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital. Methodology : A descriptive study was conducted retrospectively among thalassemic children admitted at Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital between 1990 and 2011. Factors including gender, age at the diagnosis, thalassemic type, age at the beginning of treatment with iron chelation, serum ferritin prior to treatment, iron chelation dosage, percentage of serum ferritin reduction after treatment and adverse effects of iron chelation were investigated and evaluated from medical data and patient records. Results : Three hundred and twenty children were admitted during the study period. Most of the patients were Beta-thalasemia/Hb E (49.7%), followed by Hb H disease (31.8%) and Homozygous beta-thalassemia (18.5%). Sixty-five children were treated with iron chelation between 2006 and 201; however, only fifty-five patients could be followed up for the treatment results. Average age of children at the beginning of treatment with iron chelation was 9.99 years. On average those children were diagnosed as thalassemia at 25.63 months of age. Fifty-one percent of thalassemic children had serum ferritin less than 3,000 ng/ml prior to treatment, while the average value in all patients was 3,475.04 ng/ml. Average dosage of chelating agent given to thalassemic children was 56.05 mg/kg/day. Serum ferritin decreased 25% in thalassemic children with low level of serum ferritin after treated with oral iron chelation, while the serum ferritin decreased 50% in children after treated with both oral and injectable iron chelating agents. Adverse effects of iron chelation were transaminitis (14.5%), neutropenia (12.7%), thrombocytopenia (5.5%).  Conclusion : Although this study supported that an appropriate treatment of severe thalassemia in children with blood transfusion and iron chelation might increase life quality in those patients, disease preventive strategies including pregnancy screening test, genetic consultation and suitable follow up in population at risk are the most important to control and reduce incidence of thalassemia in Thailand


Flexible graphene fi ber (GF) stands for a new type of fi ber of practical importance, which integrates such unique properties as high strength, electrical and thermal conductivities of individual graphene sheets into the useful, macroscopic ensembles. GFs possess the common characteristics of fi bers like the mechanical fl exibility for textiles, while maintaining the uniqueness such as low cost, light weight, and ease of functionalization in comparison with conventional carbon fi bers. [ 1–3 ] Due to the extraordinary challenge to assemble two-dimensional (2D) microcosmic graphene sheets with irregular size and shape into macroscopic fi brillar confi guration, however, the success in fabrication of neat graphene fi bers only comes true recently. [ 1–4 ]


several survey reports on vehicle accident say that, mostly accidents are happening due to Drunk and driving, driver's drowsiness and, over speed. Unnecessary sudden parking of vehicles on highways at night time is another factor .If these mistakes are corrected accidents can be reduced to some extent. If accidents occurred, immediate first aid and treatment is necessary to save life. But if there is no neighbor the case may be severe. Keeping all these in mind a new system is proposed which can perform the necessary steps to prevent accident and incase if accident happened system will inform the owner and ambulance about this accident by tracking location using GPS and send text message using GSM. The designed system involves in two sections1. Monitoring 2.control. These two are two sequence of actions. In monitoring phase it detects alcohol consumption, steering wheel grip, engine Temperature measurement, accident detection and distance between front and corresponding vehicle .In controlling phase system responds automatically for the above abnormalities and controls the engine. system software is designed using " RT kernel" and "Keil Micro vision 5" to be worked on the target board of LPC2148. This system makes vehicles as highly secured.


Polarization phenomena in a Schottky-type CdTe radiation detector were studied. We evaluated the distribution of electric field in a biased CdTe detector by measuring the progressive change of Schottky barrier lowering with time. The parameters of deep acceptors such as detrapping time, concentration, and the depth of the energy level were quantitatively evaluated. In the case of applying the conventional model of charge accumulation, the obtained result shows that the CdTe bulk is never undepleted. We modified the charge accumulation model by taking account of the occupation state of the deep acceptor level. When a modified model is applied, the time that the depletion width in the bulk begins to diminish closely fits the time that the photopeak position begins to shift in radiation measurements. In this paper, we present a distribution of electric field during biasing and a simple method for the evaluation of the parameters of deep acceptors in CdTe bulk.


This article argues for using multiple methods to investigate self-regulated learning because only by using a range of methodologies will we be able to appreciate fully its complexity. The article focuses on 2 aspects that are afforded by the use of observations and interviews in self-regulated learning research: (a) providing rich, contextualized description that can answer "what, how, why, and when" questions, and (b) enabling methodological triangulation. This article discusses these with reference to the ongoing mixed-method research of middle-grade urban students' engagement in project-based science. The article also reflects on issues and questions that have evolved throughout this research.