The maintenance of high vaccine coverage is an important strat-egy for infectious diseases control in the context of increased global travel due to migration and tourism, especially for emer-ging economies, which are now destinations for ~44.5% of international travellers. 1 In this issue of the Journal of Travel Medicine , Tuite et al. describe the vulnerable socioeconomic condition of Venezuela and consequent massive migration to neighbouring countries (in particular Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil). 2 In their study, the authors synthesized data on recent infectious disease events in Venezuela and among international migrants from Venezuela. By using passenger-level itinerary data from the International Air Transport Association to evaluate trends in outbound air travel from Venezuela over time, they applied various mobility models (including radiation and impedance models), to estimate the expected population flows from Venezuelan cit-ies to other major Latin American and Caribbean cities. The re-emergence of infectious diseases previously controlled or eliminated in Venezuela correlates with the collapse of national public healthcare system, and highlights the potential for the exportation of these infectious diseases to countries receiving such migrants. As outbreaks of measles, diphtheria and malaria have been reported across Venezuela and other diseases, such as HIV and tuberculosis, are resur-gent, such diseases can easily spread to neighbouring countries such as Brazil.


It is considered the process of military way of thinking forming among personalities of the collectivistic society and also it's difference from the military way of thinking in the individualistic society.


Hypersaline inorganic brines are generated from many global mining operations and the volume of these brines is increasing at an exponential rate. The environment and water resources in the vicinity of these mining operations are at a risk of being polluted as a result of this increase in brine volume. These are the key reasons why these brines need treatment. Eutectic Freeze Crystallization (EFC) has been identified as a possible novel brine treatment method, but to date it has not been applied to multi-component streams such as brines. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to develop a brine treatment protocol and to demonstrate the "proof of concept" of EFC as a brine treatment method. Three key aspects essential to the brine treatment protocol were identified as being crucial to the treatment process. These key aspects were brine analysis, thermodynamic modelling and kinetic aspects. A combination of standard water analysis techniques and wet chemistry were used to characterize the brine, while OLI Stream Analyser was used to perform the thermodynamic modelling of the brine. It was found that the difference between the total cations and total anions (ion imbalance) from the analysis of two brine samples, Brine 1 and Brine 2, were 5.8% and 6.3% respectively. The brines were also very dilute with a total dissolved solid content of 29.77g/L for Brine 1 and 31.26g/L for Brine 2. OLI Stream Analyser was able to predict and simulate the phase equilibria of an aqueous system over a wide temperature range by estimating the standard state terms and the excess terms with the use of various thermodynamic frameworks. This was an important step because the identities of the potential salts, the temperatures at which they would crystallize and the potential yields of the various products could be predicted before any experiments were conducted. The thermodynamic modelling predicted that the brine samples were saturated with respect to CaS04·2H20. The modelling also predicted that ice, Na2S04·10H20 as well as K2S04·CaSOdH20 would crystallize in a narrow temperature range from -O.8°C to -2.2°C. The thermodynamic results also showed that a high overall ion recovery (85% for Brine 1 and 71 % for Brine 2) would be obtained at an operating temperature of -5°C. However, the thermodynamics merely offered a prediction. It was only by investigating the kinetic aspects of the system that the identity, crystallization temperatures and yield of products could be confirmed. The kinetic aspects incorporated three phases. The first phase


Toend this yearofBioEssays, I'mgoing topickupa thread startedbyme at the beginning of 2019[1], continued by Sven Kurbel[2] later in that year, and then brought into stark relief like never before in 2020 by the COVID (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. It's about time that we started making "memetics" (the study of development, transmission, and persistence of ideas – or "memes" – in society) a formal scientific endeavour with hypothesis-driven, need-driven, and applied research and development. After all, one of the largest memetic "cons" in history drew its substance from a claimed scientific approach to studying human thought anddrives: none other than SigmundFreud's psychoanalysis. This "con" – which does not refer to Freud's research itself, but rather techniques of modern advertising – is arguably responsible for a large part of the present climate crisis and environmental degradation in general: it drives human society towards even greater consumption and futile cycling of resources than would otherwise be the case. Freud himself was not the architect of the con; rather his nephew, Edward Bernays. "Con" is also an appropriate term for it, because it had a lot to do with confidence – in the sense of variously undermining or strengthening confidence inmembers of the general public whowere, from that point on, increasingly seen by industry and government as mere consumers. Bernayswas very interested in his uncle's ideas about human drives, and as an Austrian-American public relations expert, he regularly flitted between New England and Vienna, where he visited Uncle Sigmund. What he brought back with him to the US each time was ever more insight into what drives people, makes them feel good, and what makes them insecure or frightened. And the very interested ears that were open to this "informant" were those of corporations and politicians. Bernays was active in a great many arenas where forming public opinion was important, but let us concentrate on just one: consumer opinion. One of Bernays' most celebrated "successes" (and he probably regretted it) was working with American Tobacco Corporation to encourage more women to take up smoking by using a feminist, liberating advertising strategy where cigarettes were known as "Torches of Freedom." Another arguable "con" was his advertising campaign for a certain toiletry manufacturer that persuaded consumers that one of their soaps had medically superior properties compared with the competition. Bernays can fairly bedescribed as the father of the advertising of desire and insecurity as opposed to the advertising of need. During the time he advised corporations, their advertising changed from relatively drab "If you need a. . . " kind of thing to "Have you ever worried about. . . " accompanied by very cleverly suggestive imagery. One of the most insidious "worries" that Bernays managed to stimulate to further growth in American consumers – at least those with some money – was the fear of being inferior to one's neighbor: an already deep-rooted societal angst, if not yet so explicitly articulated as Bernays would do. Indeed, as a frightening corollary to the "best form of defence is attack" maxim, what better way to respond to this fear than actively making oneself superior to one's neighbour and be done with it? Someone else would, sooner or later, surely have hit on the same ideas as Edward Louis Bernays, but when your neighbour goes out and buys the latest expensive SUV, you can bet your bottom dollar that "Bernaysian" advertising is at the root of this purchasing decision. The concepts driving advertising of desire, greed, power (one SUV maker calls upon consumers to "own the city") and fear (SUVs are often marketed as safer alternatives to normal cars in the event of a serious accident) are no more and no less than highly successful memes: concepts and ways of thinking that survive in human society because their propagators (in the earlier example, car manufacturers) survive and prosper by using them ("expressing" them): basically, it's "social fitness" as opposed to biological fitness. All the same, it shares many features of strict biological evolution via selection of traits; indeed, like a successful virus, it rapidly spread to other developed economies across the world. And so to COVID and the climate crisis as examples of the pressing need for us to understand memes better and protect society – and the Earth – from the consequences of the trivial and downright damaging ones. Firstly, COVID is a splendid example of the power of memes over behaviour: we might well be the only species that can adapt to pathogens within a generation via concerted behavioural changes. If we manage to keep COVID under control, it will prove a masterpiece of positive social engineering not only against a virus, but also against climate change: the results of behavioural changes implicit in a successful response to COVID are a reduction in consumption of many (possibly most) kinds. We are already seeing it quite starkly: reduced mobility (flying and car journeys) have contributed strongly to a reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions of between 8.8% [3] (over the first half of 2020 compared with a similar period in 2019) and 17%[4] (by early April 2020 compared with early April 2019). It is very likely that reduced energy consumption associated with not having to maintain office buildings and production facilities at full working capacity have also contributed (people who can work from home do). If continued, it may well go a long way towards slowing and possibly even halting global warming and environmental degradation – possibly as far as stopping the global average temperature rise at 1.6C before 2030.


This qualitative study is to investigate the teachers' perception and efficacy to deal with adolescent students' behaviour disorder in schools of low-income areas of Karachi. It is observe that when children enter the age of 12 or 13 some emotional, hormonal and physical changes occur in them. Which in turn results in the behavioural changes in them. This study aim to investigate that whether the teachers of these age group students in low-income areas of Karachi have proper awareness of the causes and reasons of the behavioural disorders of these students and up to what extent they are capable of dealing with such students. For the purpose of study, interviews of three teacher from three different schools situated in various parts of Karachi were conducted. The study revealed that the teachers of low-income areas of Karachi are well aware of the behaviour problems of adolescent students and they are quite capable of dealing students with major behaviour problems. It is evident that physical and psychological changes occur with the start of the adolescent. Due to these changes students' thought process are changed. They want their self-respect; boys become more confident while girls become diffident and reserved. If not dealt properly they may become aggressive, disobeying, lack of seriousness in their studies etc. These behaviour problems can disturb the classroom environment. Proper counseling, motivation, negative reinforcement, appreciation, proper care, appropriate punishments if necessary, involving them in-group activities, making them responsible and adopting friendly behaviour are some strategies suggested by the respondents to deal with such students.


It has been predicted that dilepton production may be used as a quark-gluon plasma probe. We calculate the rapidity distributions of thermal dileptons produced by an evolving quark-gluon plasma assuming a longitudinal scaling expansion with initial conditions locally determined from the hadronic rapidity density. These distributions are compared with Drell-Yan production and semileptonic charm decays at invariant mass [ital M]=2, 4, and 6 GeV.


The commercial interdependence of modern nations became strikingly apparent when the first shock of the European war halted neutral commerce as abruptly as that of the belligerents. Although transportation and exchange were dislocated in every country of the globe, probably no other neutral nations were affected to so serious an extent as were the twenty Latin American republics to the south of us. Not only were their business relations with the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria and Belgium subjected to an abnormal strain, but their commerce with each other and with the United States was interrupted and is only now beginning to resume encouraging proportions. The completion of the Panama Canal and propaganda in favor of closer relations with our sister republics are partially responsible for the fact that the American public has developed a tendency to view world trade in terms of Latin America, overlooking the fact that the total trade of the twenty republics with other nations and with each other is but 6 per cent of the total foreign trade of the world, and that the Dominion of Canada normally buys more from us than the whole of Latin America.


It is acknowledged that traffic noise affects human behaviour and health. Measures aiming at mitigating the impact of traffic noise are not always viable in urban areas. In Portugal, road designers have recently started to consider silent surfaces as alternative within their road pavement projects. In this paper the tire-surface noise of three surface layers integrated in a rehabilitation project carried out in an urban road that carries more than 40000 vehicles per day is assessed: i) one dense asphalt layer with limited maximum aggregate size, following the SILVIA recommendations for low noise surfaces; ii) two very-thin surfaces with different grading, which are an adaptation of the very-thin layers widely used in France to Portuguese conditions. The surface layers were constructed consecutively, involving segment lengths with more than 500 m. The surface texture was measured using a high speed profilometer. Skid resistance was also measured. The noise level was measured both by pass-by tests with selected traffic (trucks and light vehicles) at several speeds and by close proximity tests. The thin layers tested provided very good noise reduction values, especially at high speeds, and had a better performance than gap graded asphalt rubber surfaces frequently used in Portugal.


SUMMARY In many practical information retrieval situations, it is necessary to process heterogeneous text databases that vary greatly in scope and coverage, and deal with many different subjects. In such an environment it is important to provide flexible access to individual text pieces, and to structure the collection so that related text elements are identified and appropriately linked. Methods are described in this study for the automatic structuring of heterogeneous text collections, and the construction of browsing tools and access procedures that facilitate collection use. The proposed methods are illustrated by performing searches with a large automated encyclopedia.


Serendipity has become a desirable quality in designing recommender systems and user interfaces, hence offering a new measurement for system quality. At the same time, recognizing serendipitous experiences and determining their value is difficult due to their subjective nature. This review builds on 10 studies of user interfaces facilitating serendipity studies and attempts to understand the patterns that guide relevant user interface designs in recent recommender systems. This study furthers our understanding of turning the elusive experience of serendipity into more actionable user interface designs and patterns. The key findings are as follows. First, user controls and visualizations have facilitated serendipity, but studies of recommender systems have not gained considerable attention. Second, frameworks instrumental for user-interface-facilitated serendipity have not gained the researcher's worthy attention. Third, developing countries need to explore serendipity-facilitating recommender systems with more diverse users and more prominent test cases.


Prior solutions for routing to multi-instantiated destinations simply adapt existing routing algorithms designed for single-instance destinations, or rely on flooding techniques. In this paper, a new approach for routing to multi-instantiated destinations is introduced, and the Multiple Instance Destination Routing (MIDR) framework is presented as an example of the approach. MIDR uses only distance information to multi-instantiated destinations, without routers having to establish overlays, know the network topology, use complete paths to destination instances, or know about all the instances of destinations. MIDR can be used in name-based content routing, IP unicast routing, multicasting, and anycasting; even in scenarios where the network topology is highly dynamic such as in the case of MANETs. It is shown that MIDR provides multiple loop-free paths to destination instances. Extensive simulation-based experiments performed in the context of MANETs show that MIDR outperforms traditional approaches based on unicast protocols and that it scales to large networks.


This article attempts to show the history of the Wall in Berlin, which for decades has divided not only the city but all of German society. The author explores the tragic consequences of the wall in terms of the political situation in the world, and from a position of personal drama in the lives of tens of thousands of eastern and western Germans.


The growing demand for biofuels in the European Union is expected to have a significant impact on rural environments in sub-Saharan Africa. In the wake of Directive 2009/28/EC, Ghana experienced a ...


Clinical Study on Effect of Auricular acupuncture theraphy and Auricular acupuncture theraphy with common acupuncture theraphy(Shinmun HT7) on Insomnia in stroke patients


We address online bandit learning of Nash equilibria in multi-agent convex games. We propose an algorithm whereby each agent uses only obtained values of her cost function at each joint played action, lacking any information of the functional form of her cost or other agents' costs or strategies. In contrast to past work where convergent algorithms required strong monotonicity, we prove that the algorithm converges to a Nash equilibrium under mere monotonicity assumption. The proposed algorithm extends the applicability of bandit learning in several games including zero-sum convex games with possibly unbounded action spaces, mixed extension of finite-action zero-sum games, as well as convex games with linear coupling constraints.


Construction diversion of the ZHS had three stages. The design thinking is to shorten navigation broken time and construction time. All the stages are different and so the diversion construction methods are different too. Because diversion standard is lower,construction had much risk. But for using correct construction methods and the construction year being a drought year, the diversion was succssful.


If T is a smooth Stein elliptic fractional singular integral, 1<p<infinity, and sigma and omega are doubling measures, then the two weight L^{p} norm inequality holds if and only if the quadratic triple testing conditions of Hyt\"onen and Vuorinen hold. We also show that these quadratic triple testing conditions can be relaxed to scalar testing conditions, quadratic offset Muckenhoupt conditions, and a quadratic weak boundedness property.


Accelerating the transformation of economic development pattern is the mainline of development during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period.Being the important subject of such transformation,the non-public enterprises are facing both rare opportunities and severe challenges.In assisting the economic development pattern transformation of non-public enterprises,the United Front performs the important roles of providing support,creating environment and giving guidance exemplification.The United Front shall take into account its own situation,reflect its features,integrate superior resources,give full play to its advantages,take accelerating the transformation of economic development pattern as its primary task,and further contribute to the healthy development of non-public economy.


Tendon-driven continuum robots are widely used in different engineering disciplines due to their simple structure and high flexibility. The typical structure of a tendon-driven continuum robot usually contains a series of identical compliant joints in its backbone to achieve large-deflection bending movements. However, with compliant joints of the same geometry, the real bending shape of the robot backbone is an arc with variable curvature, which results in uneven stress distribution along the robot backbone. In the long term, higher stresses in the compliant joints near the fixation base could lead to fatigue or fracture of the entire robot structure. To cope with this problem, we propose a fish-tail-inspired method in this letter to optimize the stress distribution along the serial compliant joints. Several optimization examples were presented to show the performance of the proposed method. Simulation and experimental results have demonstrated that the developed method can effectively reduce the stress differences in serial compliant joints during large-deflection bending movements.


To study and reanimate the past, scholars need to know the past when it was the present. There is no other way to reconstruct the life and thought that preceded us. The past cannot be confronted on the information superhighway. Where, then, can authors and editors, curators and archivists, librarians and scholars meet the past face to face if not on electronically controlled nets and lines and Webs? Only in the actual books that were printed in the past, the letters that were written in the past, the notes that were scribbled in the margins of pages in the past, . . .


Aesthetic Psychology investigates the psychological mechanism in human's aesthetic experiences.Traditional Aesthetic Psychology has its theoretical and methodological basis on psychophysics,cognitive psychology,psychoanalysis,humanistic and post-humanistic psychology.The emergence and the development of Evolutionary Psychology and Ecological Aesthetics provide new standpoints and methods for Aesthetic Psychology.This paper suggests to establish Revolutionary Aesthetic Psychology on the basis of the Revolutionary Psychology,and to establish Ecological Aesthetic Psychology on the ground of the Ecological Aesthetics.After the crossover and amalgamation of these two areas,there is the possibility of developing an integrative Evolutionary and Ecological Aesthetic Psychology.Possible research topics and directions of these new areas are discussed.


This study was undertaken with the object of finding out the content of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus and chloride in the blood cells and the serum of schizophrenic patients. Until recent years studies of minerals in the blood of patients with mental disorders have been concerned exclusively with either the serum or the whole blood. In 1938 Chatagnon1reported on a study of the chloride content of the cells in 7 schizophrenic patients. This was followed by another comprehensive investigation of the same problem by Gross, Gross and Wortis, in 1940.2To our knowledge there are in the literature no further studies on the anion and cation concentrations in the blood cells of schizophrenic patients. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Blood was obtained from an antecubital vein of 9 schizophrenic patients before they had had breakfast. The blood was collected over mercury and defibrinated according to the technic of


Basically, educational curriculum is dynamic. This means that the curriculum will continue to change according to the times. These changes that occur also require a new orientation to education that education must lead to creativity, communicativeness, and cooperation. Currently, education is facing a digitalization era. Where, educators are required to be able to keep up with the times and also be able to carry out their role as carriers of good change in a dynamic environtment. Professional theachers in the digital ra are teachers who in carrying out their professional duties are based on digital era must be able to bring students to adapt to digital and foster students to have high morals with good values in reigious, national and state life. This research was conducted with an approach, where the data were obtained through field research using interviews and library research. The conclusion of this research is that there is a revolution and innovation in learning and curriculum that has a big impact on the woorld of education. Knowledge workers to successfully win and convey digital technology knowledge and produce students who have advanced abilities and skills in knowledge and are able to master digital technology.


By embedding images as surfaces in a high dimensional coordinate space defined by each pixel's Cartesian coordinates and color values, we directly define and employ cotangent-based, discrete differentialgeometry operators. These operators define discrete energies useful for image segmentation and colorization.


It is now ten years since a Latin romance dealing with the history of Gawain was published for the first time by Professor Bruce from the Cottonian ms. Faustina B. VI. Two years later he printed a second romance from the same manuscript, which he believed, no doubt correctly, to be the work of the same author. As to who this author was, Professor Bruce hazarded no opinion, but he dated the romances, on grounds which will be discussed later in this article, in the second quarter of the 13th century.


Little authentic documentation is available on the origin of the Korean language. Thus, inferences to the genetic affiliation of the language have been made on the basis of various degrees of linguistic resemblances, often supported by archaeological or ethnological findings. Also, earlier forms of the language are not readily accessible because written historical data for internal reconstruction or comparative work are scarce and cannot be traced far back. Some old language fragments are available only in the literature dating from the eleventh century, such as Gyun-yeo jeon (Life of the Great Master Gyun-yeo, 1075) by Hyeklyen Ceng, Gyerim Yusa (Things on Korea, 1103-4) by Chinese Sung Dynasty scholar Sun Mu, Samguk Sagi (Historical Record of the Three Kingdoms, 1145) by Kim Busik, and Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, 1285) by Monk Il.yen, all of which are written in Chinese characters. Moreover, much of the earlier vocabulary has been either irretrievably lost or obscured by succeeding waves of linguistic contacts, including a massive influx of Chinese loan words. Lacking solid evidence in establishing the genealogy of Korean, innumerable attempts has been made to relate the language to diverse language families such as the Indo-European, the TibetoBurman, the Dravidian, the Atlantic, the Austronesian, and the Paleosiberian. While there are many ingenious studies based upon the widely accepted principles of comparative method and internal reconstruction, there are also numerous amateurish attempts based merely on accidental lexical resemblances, linguistic borrowings, shared typological features, or anthropological similarities. For instance, Koppelmann (1933) and Eckardt (1966) attempt to relate Korean to Indo-European, observing certain accidental lexical and anthropological resemblances. Hulbert (1905) maintains that Korean is related to the Dravidian languages in India in view of such shared syntactic features as word order and the lack of a gender system. Rahder's (1956-61) etymological dictionary of Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Ainu lists, for each of his lexical entries, forms from a vast variety of the world's languages not compared in accordance with the established principles of comparative linguistics. This evidential opacity leads some linguists to treat Korean, together with Japanese, as a separate language family along with other major language families such as IndoEuropean, Afro-Asiatic, Uralic, Altaic, Sino-Tibetan, Dravidian, Austronesian, and Amerind (Pei, 1954: 31).


v Resumo vii Table of contents ix List of tables xi List of graphics xi List of abbreviations xii Clinical Activities Assisted 1 Part I – The Acute Abdomen 3 1.1. Definition 3 1.2. Presentation 4 1.2.1. Primary survey and interventions 4 1.2.2. Secondary Survey 8 1.3. Physical Examination 10 1.3.1. Cardiovascular system 11 1.3.2. Respiratory system 11 1.3.3. Nervous system 11 1.3.4. Abdominal examination 12 1.3.4. Rectal examination 13 1.3.5. Other elements of the examination 13 1.4. Differential diagnoses 14 1.5. Diagnostic tests 15 1.5.1. Laboratory evaluation 15 1.5.2. Radiography 18 1.5.3. Ultrasonography 21 1.5.4. Abdominocentesis and diagnostic peritoneal lavage 22 1.5.5. Cytology and fluid analysis 24 1.5.6. Endoscopy 26 1.6. Anaesthesia 27 1.7. Treatment 28 1.7.1 Medical management versus surgical management 28 1.7.2. Symptomatic management 30 1.7.3. Surgical management general surgical principles 31 1.8. Prognosis and postoperative care 37


Recent simulation experiments with ReSuMe learning in Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) indicate that the networks of spiking neurons can be successfully applied to control neuroprostheses 1. However, when considering efficient, portable neurocontrollers, one has to deal with the constraints defined by the task at hand, that is the strict requirements for the real-time operating of the controller, its low weight, low-energy consumption, programmability. These requirements bring our attention to the implementation of the SNN-based controllers in FPGA circuits [1]. The main advantage of the FPGA systems over processor-based designs is their true parallel mode of operation. This induces high ability of FPGA to perform the required information processing in the realtime. FPGA processors are easily programmable and reusable. Tested algorithms can eventually be implemented in ASIC microcircuits. All these facts, together with the easy accessibility and the low costs of the FPGA circuits make them attractive tools for the neurocontrollers implementation. In this paper we describe the implementation of spiking neurons and ReSuMe algorithm in FPGA. We discuss the properties of the implemented models, describe assumptions and requirements defined over the models. Finally we demonstrate an experiment in which the spiking neurons implemented in FPGA are successfully trained with ReSuMe method to produce a sequence of spikes with the predefined timing. Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) neuron model was chosen for the implementation due to its computational simplicity. LIF model is purely phenomenological, yet it still preserves the essential properties of the biological neurons. FPGA implementation accounts for all important parameters of the LIF model. Moreover, the implemented neuron is fully parametrized – the values, such as a number of inputs, the threshold ( Uth), resting (Ur) and after-hiperpolarization (AHP) potential, neuron time


A considerable browning was observed especially in cortex tissue and along xylem of potato tubers harvested at Sakai in Osaka Prefecture, after irradiation with 10, 20 and 50 krad doses of cobalt-60 gamma rays. This phenomenon was accompanied by the marked increase in polyphenol content and peroxidase activity, and the transient increase in o-diphenol oxidase activity. Total reducing compounds in the tissue were also increased by gamma irradiation.The browning phenomenon depended on the storage period from the harvest to gamma irradiation treatment. The browning and the transient increase in o-diphenol oxidase activity were completely suppressed in the case of tubers irradiated 3 months after harvest.There was no significant change in α-amylase activity in all tubers tested.


INTRODUCTIONOn February 2, 2014, 111.5 million Americans watched the Seattle Seahawks overcome the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII.1 Although the game took place in East Rutherford, New Jersey, an estimated 300,000 Americans instead traveled to Nevada for Super Bowl weekend to wager a record $119 million, yielding a $19.7 million recorded profit for Las Vegas sports books.2 In addition, these visitors were projected to spend an estimated $106.2 million in nongaming activities and accommodations.3 In contrast, New Jersey's casinos did not benefit from these record numbers because the 1992 Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ("PASPA") prohibits casino-operated sports books outside of Nevada.4Although many states already prohibited sports gambling at the time, Congress passed PASPAbecause it perceived sports gambling as a national problem that could only be remedied through federal action.5 Congress concluded that state regulation was insufficient because the moral harm produced by sports gambling could not be limited geographically.6 PASPA, however, contains a grandfather clause that carves out an exception for states that allowed or operated a sports betting scheme between 1976 and 1990.7 In effect, this grandfather clause grants Nevada a virtual monopoly over casino sports gambling.8Although PASPAhas prevented the spread of state-sanctioned sports gambling, theAct has failed to stop its overall growth.9 For example, one 1999 study estimated that gamblers illegally wager approximately $380 billion annually on sports, making sports betting the most widespread and popular form of gambling in the United States.10 In addition, newspapers and websites across the country publish point spreads.11 Furthermore, sports gambling websites allowAmericans nationwide the opportunity to gamble on sports.12 Finally, participation in fantasy football leagues and college basketball brackets is common,13 with partici- pants including the U.S. President14 and a former U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice.15In 2012, the New Jersey legislature enacted the Sports Wagering Law- which permits sports pools at New Jersey gaming casinos-in hopes of attracting a percentage of this sports gambling income to the Garden State.16 After enactment, the National Collegiate AthleticAssociation (NCAA) and the four majorAmerican professional sports organizations challenged the law, arguing that it was in direct conflict with PASPA.17 In response, New Jersey contended that PASPAwas unconstitutional because it violated the equal sovereignty doctrine.18 Under this doctrine, federal legislation cannot discriminate among states unless Congress can show the burden is sufficiently related to the problem the legislation targets.19In 2013, in NCAA v. Governor of New Jersey, however, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit upheld PASPA's constitutionality and preempted New Jersey's Sports Wagering Law.20 The Third Circuit held that the equal sovereignty doctrine did not apply to economic regulations, even when they discriminate among states.21 In so holding, the court noted that the Commerce Clause did not require geographic uniformity.22 Accordingly, PASPA, an economic regulation passed under the Commerce Clause, did not violate the equal sovereignty doctrine.23This Note argues that the Supreme Court should apply the equal sovereignty doctrine to economic regulations that discriminate among states and were enacted under the Commerce Clause.24 Accordingly, this Note contends that the proper way to analyze discriminatory economic regulations is to determine whether the discriminate treatment of states is sufficiently related to the legislation's targeted issues.25 In order for a statute's unequal treatment of states to be upheld, Congress must establish that the issues addressed are limited geographically to the targeted states and does not appear in the exempted states.26 Despite the Third Circuit's holding to the contrary, applying the equal sovereignty doctrine to economic regulations is proper because it is faithful to the Supreme Court's recent equal sovereignty jurisprudence, reinforces the Commerce Clause's principle of uniformity, and reaffirms equality among the states. …


Health care industry is the first candidate for data mining and the colon cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world that has enough potential to be studied by data mining techniques. The present study has analyzed the SEER data that pertained to patients suffering from colon cancer in order to extract an accurate model of patients` survival by using data mining techniques. To achieve an accurate model, preprocessing steps such as deletion, correction, and segregation has been done, which resulted in selecting nine features out of all to be later used in the selected data mining algorithms including Decision Tree, Bayes Networks, and Neural Network data mining. The model created by these algorithms, we created models which can predict mortality rate in three categories including less than a year, between 1 to 5 years, and more than 5 years. Running several experiments using three mentioned algorithms showed that the most accurate model in predicting survivability of Colon cancer is Neural Network.


The Sandia Magma Energy Project has resulted in the conclusion that it is scientifically feasible to extract energy from magma resources buried within the top 6.2 mi (10 km) of the earth's crust. Supporting that conclusion were the ten holes that have been drilled successfully into the melt zone of Kilauea Iki Lava Lake. One recent hole was drilled and cored through the entire 98 ft (30 m) thick molten zone. Two novel drilling systems were developed. The first used an insulated drill stem with an uncooled superalloy drag bit. This system was tested successfully in the laboratory at magma temperatures but never used in the field. The second system used standard drill pipe, a modified core barrel, and a water jet-augmented face discharge diamond coring bit. A high rate of water flow was used to cool the drill stem and solidify the molten rock as the bit advanced. This system was laboratory tested and successfully used to drill 5 holes (345 ft, 105 m) in the molten rock zone of Kilauea Iki, where the temperatures were above 1,020°C. Core recovery was 100%. End_of_Article - Last_Page 962------------


emisji wnz. Abstract. The article presents the results of research and analysis which include an assessment of influence of selected microclimate parameters on the issue of partial discharges (PD) in high power drives in the energy sector. The author presented the results of their own research, which was made in industrial conditions in a long period of time. The study included measurement of environmental parameters such as the air temperature, radiant temperature, air velocity, humidity and the relative moisture of air. It also measured the parameters of PD like: PD intensity, amplitude of PD and the PD pulses. (The Analysis 0f the Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Measurement of Emission Partial Discharges in Electrical Machines).


A full 3D implementation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH) is compared to the 3D Eulerian piecewise parabolic method (PPM). Both codes were used to simulate a collision between a 0.5M ○ . mainsequence star (modelled as a n = 3/2 polytrope) and a white dwarf star of equal mass (treated as a point mass). The encounter was simulated 6 times with SPH (the number of particles ranging between 2900 and 27 000) and twice with PPM (using 64 3 and 128 3 cartesian zones). A multiple grid implementation of the PPM code was also employed (5 nested grids of 32 3 zones each). Our results show that the key factor determining the overall result of the collision is the form of the potential well of the point mass


2K' = rjK — px2\ + n, 2X' = — p21K + rj\ + v, 2 / / = (Pl2p21 — 4 ^ H ) K + 7]fi — pUV, 2 / = (pl2p2l — 4g22)X — p2X\x + y\v, where t\ is an a r b i t r a r y function of x.\ T h e pole of th is p lane wi th respect to t he quadr ic Q, (3) #i#4 — x2x3 = 0, which osculates R a long a line e lement lyz is given by the expression (4) 6 = vy — fxz — Xp + KOwhere (5) p = 2 / + p12z, er = 2z' + p21y, and the po in t which corresponds to w in the nul l -system of the l inear complex which osculates R a long lyz is given by the expression (6) <j> = — p2ifxy + pl2VZ + p2lKp — pl2\(T.


Abstract : A linear predictive error variance analysis was employed using the one dimensional state-of-the-ground model FASST (Fast All-season Soil Strength) and calibration data for Yuma, Arizona (Frankenstein and Koenig 2004). The analysis was performed with the intent to quantify soil moisture predictive error and to examine ways in which it could be reduced, in particular, to demonstrate a methodology wherein one can examine the contribution from each individual model parameter to overall soil moisture predictive error variance.


The dynamic interactions between predators and their prey have two fundamental processes; numerical and functional responses. Numerical response is defined as predator growth rate as a function of prey density or both prey and predator densities [dP/dt = f(N, P)]. Functional response is defined as the kill rate by an individual predator being a function of prey density or prey and predator densities combined. Although there are relatively many studies on the functional response in mammalian predators, numerical response remains poorly documented. We studied numerical response of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) to various densities of its primary prey species, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and to itself (lynx). We exploited an unusual natural situation, spanning three decades where lynx, after a period of absence in central and southern Sweden, during which roe deer populations had grown to high densities, subsequently recolonized region after region, from north to south. We divided the study area into seven regions, with increasing productivity from north to south. We found strong effects of both roe deer density and lynx density on lynx numerical response. Thus, both resources and intraspecific competition for these resources are important to understand the lynx population dynamic. We built a series of deterministic lynx – roe deer models, and applied them to the seven regions. We found a very good fit between these Lotka‐Volterra type models and the data. The deterministic models produced almost cyclic dynamics or dampened cycles in five of the seven regions. Thus, we documented population cycles in this large predator – large herbivore system, which is rarely done. The amplitudes in the dampened cycles decreased towards the south. Thus, the dynamics between lynx and roe deer became more stable with increasing carrying capacity for roe deer, which is related to higher productivity in the environment. This increased stability could be explained by variation in predation risk, where human presence can act as prey refugia, and by a more diverse prey guild that will weaken the direct interaction between lynx and roe deer.


The degree of vascularization of the lungs has long been used as a diagnostic aid in the roentgen interpretation of acquired and congenital heart diseases. It has been observed that in cardiac lesions in which there is pulmonic infundibular or valvular stenosis the peripheral vascularity is decreased, whereas, with intracardiac shunts carrying blood from the left side of the heart to the right side, the volume of pulmonary circulation is increased. The presence of diminished vascularity has served as one of the criteria for the performance of various surgical procedures to increase the pulmonary blood flow in patients with cyanotic heart disease. There are cases in which it is difficult to evaluate the pulmonary circulation on plain roentgenograms of the chest. Poststenotic dilatation of the pulmonary artery, which is frequently associated with pulmonic valvular or infundibular stenosis, may give the impression that the flow is increased, whereas it is usually decreased. The post-stenotic dilatation is li...


Anti-sperm monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were evaluated as biomarkers to assess capacitation, acrosome reaction, cryodamage and fertility of bull spermatozoa in vitro. Three anti-human sperm mAbs crossreacting with bull sperm antigens were identified. They showed time-dependent changes in binding to bull spermatozoa incubated under capacitation conditions when assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, with maximum binding at 4 h. Bull and human sperm antigens recognized by one mAb (HS-11) were isolated and their immunological relatedness shown by ELISA. The possible relationship between fertility and the binding of HS11 to bull (n=8) spermatozoa was tested in a bovine in vitro fertilization system. In vitro fertility based on cleavage of oocytes and mAb-binding to spermatozoa at 4 h incubation under capacitation conditions were correlated (r=0.43; n=32; P<0.05), but in vivo fertility and sperm-HS-11 binding were not correlated. In the next set of experiments, 15 mAbs specific to bull sperm antigens were generated. The mAbs were sperm-specific, but not species-specific. The mAbs identified five distinct antigenic domains of bull spermatozoa. Seven of the 13 mAbs tested, recognized bull sperm proteins of >200 kDa in western blots. Three detected more than one protein band (40-200 kDa), while three recognized none. Thirteen of the 15 mAbs were tested for their influence on bovine sperm-zona interactions in vitro. Sperm-zona binding was not affected by 12 mAbs. However, sperm-zona binding in the presence of one surface-reacting mAb was higher than the control (23.6+5.6 vs 10.0+2.4 sperm/zona, mean+SE; P<0.001). Four mAbs specific to intra-acrosomal antigens exhibited a time dependent increase (P<0.05) in binding to bull spermatozoa incubated under capacitation conditions. In contrast, the binding of mAbs specific to surface antigens decreased


IntroduCtIonIn august 2010, China officially surpassed Japan as the largest economy in Asia and the second largest in the world after the United States. over the past decade, it has emerged as the largest trading partner for Japan, South Korea, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, australia, and the association of southeast Asian nations if ASEAN is treated as a single entity. it has emerged as in indispensable economic player in the region, a role which offers it an economic importance and standing that the former soviet union never enjoyed to the same extent in Asia. Just as the rise of the United States as the preeminent and preferred strategic player in East Asia was underpinned by the emergence of america as the most important trading partner for many of these countries in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, there is increased speculation that China stands poised to supplant america as the most important economic partner of key countries in southeast Asia if it has not done so already.This has led to a common wisdom that there is a deepening and widening divergence between the security interests and preferences for southeast Asian countries (for american strategic pre-eminence) versus forced reliance on China as the economic driver of growth. (novtony 2010; reilly 2013)Yet, China's incapacity to translate its current status as Asia's greatest trading nation into strategic leverage in that region is puzzling. Despite its economic size and importance, Beijing has not been able to alter the strategic alignment of even one significant power in southeast Asia. in fact, every significant trading power in the region has moved closer to america in strategic and military terms even as their trading relationships continue to deepen with China.How then can we explain China's strategic loneliness vis-a-vis smaller neighbours seemingly dependent on trade with China? the simple and accurate answer is that these economic partners are not as dependent on the Chinese economy as the raw trade numbers suggest. indeed, one should not overestimate the role of China in driving prosperity in the region. in reality, advanced economies and firms from those economies remain far more important to major southeast Asian countries than does the Chinese economy and Chinese firms. such a situation is likely to persist into the foreseeable future, meaning that america's economic capacity to seduce southeast Asian governments and firms will remain robust and possibly even decisive.HEDGING AND BALANCING AGAINST CHINA IN SOUTHEAST AsiaIf economic trends point to a China that is poised to dominate southeast Asia economically, the security actions of these smaller states suggest a different direction. in one sense, the security preference by key southeast Asian states for continued american strategic pre-eminence is easy to understand.One primary reason is that hopes of China's 'peaceful rise' are fading. for much of the decade leading up to 2010, Beijing engaged in what was widely known as 'smile diplomacy' toward southeast Asia. this included years of trying to convince southeast Asian capitals that China's rise was much more of an opportunity and that the 'China threat' thesis was inaccurate and over-blown. to achieve this, Beijing courter key states in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines, and became extremely active in association of southeast Asian nations (ASEAN) led organisations. (Lee 2007) from the american and regional point of view, there were strong hopes that China would indeed emerge as a 'responsible stakeholder' in the pre-existing regional order. (zoellick 2005)Yet, from 2010, China became far more assertive in pushing its various claims in the south China sea. Beijing's recent actions in this regard are well known and need not be repeated here.1 the point is that such actions have raised apprehensions in all the key states mentioned above (with the possible exception of thailand which has kept itself largely apart from these maritime disputes. …


Several copy number variations (CNVs) are associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. The CNV 15q11.2 (BP1‐BP2) deletion has been associated with learning difficulties, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, and brain morphology; however, many carriers present mild or no symptoms. Carrying the reciprocal duplication does not seem to confer risk for these disorders or traits. Our aim was to examine the impact of carrying either 15q11.2 deletion and reciprocal duplication on neurodevelopmental problems in a population‐based sample of children.


This paper summarizes City Wildlife's Duck Watch approach to protecting urban mallards and mitigating potential dangers and conflicts in ways that facilitate the ducks' natural behavior. We emphasize that the least intervention is best, and that analysis and preparation are essential for a smooth escort or rescue.


AbstractThe present work deals with treatment of wastewater containing a mixture of basic dyes from Rhodamine family, i.e. Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G using different treatment approaches based on the use of ultrasonic (US) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiations. Initially, the effect of operating parameters such as pH and initial concentration of dyes on the extent of degradation of Rh-B and Rh-6G has been investigated to establish the optimum parameters for the combined treatment schemes. Sonocatalytic (US/TiO2), photocatalytic (UV/TiO2), and sonophotocatalytic (US/UV/TiO2) degradation have been investigated subsequently at various loading of TiO2 (0.1–0.4 g/L). It has been observed that the extent of degradation increases till an optimum loading of TiO2 as 0.3 g/L for all the three approaches. Among the processes based on US UV, the maximum extent of degradation as 91% for Rh-B and 76% for Rh-6G was obtained using sonophotocatalytic (US/UV/TiO2) treatment approach. The extent of degradation of dye also inc...


In the context of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Po wer Plant (F1-NPP) decommissioning process, laser-i nduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has many advantages. The purpose of the present work is to demonstrate t he on-line monitoring capability of the LIBS coupled with the ultra-thin liquid jet sampling method. The study fo cuses on zirconium and iron in aqueous solution, considering that these are major elements in the F1-NPP fuel d ebris.


A water pump could not pump up water due to leakage of water pump bot-tom valve,resulting in increasing of energy consumption.Leakage causes were checked and analyzed.The relevant measures were adopted,which reduced failure frequency of the bottom valve and guaranteed safety water supply.


Summary form only given. Recently there has been an increased interest in shock wave behavior and shock-wall interaction in microscale channels and tubes. Micro- and millimeter sized shock waves are of significance in a variety of modern applications, such as miniature combustion, jets and shock tubes, explosives, laser shock processing and medical devices. Due to the small scale of the confinement heat transfer to the walls and friction play an important role for shock behavior.


A task e.g., development of a satisfactory item by a Research and Development team is to be performed. A population of distinct approaches to the task is available. The decision maker's preferences over completed approaches are representable by a utility indicator. The utility of an approach is unknown until it is completed, but as the approach is pursued successive estimates of its utility become available at each of a finite sequence of decision points. The vector composed of an approach's estimates and its true utility is a random variable with known distribution. Pursuing an approach from one decision point to the next costs a fixed amount. Starting from an initial random drawing from the population of approaches, the set of approaches to be further pursued is narrowed down at each decision point. The paper seeks, under alternative conditions on the distribution, computationally and economically interesting properties of an optimal policy, prescribing both the sequential narrowing down and the size of the initial drawing.


The drawing process of precipitation color filling map was described in detail by the example of drawing of a spatial distribution map of precipitation.The latitudes and longitudes data of automatic weather stations,precipitation data of intensified automatic weather stations and surfer drawing software were used to draw the precipitation color filling map.


The invention relates to a fish scale collagen protein/pulullan compound edible film which comprises the raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of crudely extracted fish scale collagen protein, 40-60 parts of pulullan and 10-20 parts of glycerol. A preparation method comprises the steps of: (1) adding the crudely extracted fish scale collagen protein in distilled water with a temperature of 50 DEG C for stirring and dissolving, and filtering; (2), adding the pulullan in distilled water with a temperature of 60 DEG C for stirring and dissolving; (3), mixing a crudely extracted fish scale collagen protein solution with a pulullan solution, adding the glycerol, fully stirring uniformly at a normal temperature, carrying out a crosslinking reaction in a water bath with a temperature of 60 DEG C for 1 hour; and (4), pouring the solution in a smooth plastic plate, and drying to form the film. The fish scale collagen protein/pulullan compound edible film has better flexibility, plasticity and gas barrier property.


State Aid: Main developments between 1 September and 31 December 2010* On 5 November 2010 the Commission extended its ongoing State aid investigation into WestLB after reaching the conclusion…


Timely imaging examination is critical for the diagnosis of patients.It's important for the hospital managers to meet the waiting time targets of outpatients by effective and efficient appointment scheduling.A finite horizon Markov Decision Process is proposed to determine the optimal control policy for the appointment of outpatients,by considering two types of examinations and three types of outpatients with waiting time target of one day.The scheduling of two types of examinations for the same patients is to be scheduled to the same day.Numerical results show that the optimal control policy for outpatient with one examination is a switch curve policy that varies with the states,that is,when the states fall below(or left)the curve,the optimal control is to accept the request;otherwise,to reject the request.The optimal function is non-increasing with the increasing of state variables.Finally,the sensitivity analysis explores the impact of revenue and probability of arrivals on the optimal control policy.


In this paper we develop a general model to explain the hostility toward, and ignorance of, human evolutionary theory (ET) in the social sciences. We first provide relevant theoretical background explaining the basics of ET. We then briefly describe the history of, and reasons for, social science attacks against ET. After providing this background, we turn to our study of social science textbooks, describe the logic of our model, and specify four explicit predictions derived from it. Finally, we present the results of our study and discuss the significance of our findings. I.1 Theoretical Overview of Human Evolutionary Theory Human evolutionary theory (used here interchangeably with ET1) is a theoretical approach to the entire field of human science motivated by the desire to illuminate human behavior by subjecting it to evolutionary analysis (Barkow, Cosmides, & Tooby, 1992; Buss 1995; Tooby & Cosmides, 2005). More specifically, it approaches human nature from an adaptationist perspective, attempting to discern the specific adaptations that underlie and give rise to human behavior—especially social behavior (e.g., mating behavior, cooperation, coalitional behavior, family dynamics, etc.) (Sanderson, 2001). Although often seen as contentious or controversial (see section II below; see also Rose and Rose, 2000), its ability to elucidate human behavior follows from two simple and uncontroversial facts: 1) Evolution explains the nature of the biological world, and 2) Humans are biological creatures (Atran, 2005). If these premises are accepted— and most social scientists do accept them—ET should appear a natural, inevitable, and fruitful approach to the study of human behavior. In fact, ET provides a productive metatheory for the social sciences, unlike other popular theoretical perspectives such as rational choice theory, which assumes that individuals choose the 'best' action according to stable preferences with well-defined constraints (Simon, 1955; Ketelaar & Ellis, 2000; Kanazawa, 2001). Because of its insistence on viewing humans as evolved organisms, ET asserts that an understanding of natural selection and sexual selection is essential for a comprehensive understanding of human behavior (Mayr, 1985; Buss, 1995; Tooby and Cosmides, 2005). Ben Winegard


me, if his study justifiably eventuated in this Victor Frankl proposition, quoted on a fly-page: "The meaning which a being has fulfilled is something beyond himself, it is never just himself." It is himself, Mayeroff holds, very much and really himself, and very much and really created by himself, but it is neither just himself nor created by merely himself. "Caring" is taken in the sense of helping another person to grow and actualize himself and, so far as a man can be said to be at home in the world, he achieves this status through caring and being cared for. The person experiences the "cared-for" as an extension of himself. This is MayerofPs initial step and I think he might, first and last, have used "loving" for "caring," though of course "love" is emotionpacked, and I wonder also why he did not ask whether boys care for their dogs. The greatest difficulty with this charming treatise is not in the idea of being in others, for and on account of them, that is, the ideas of being-in, being-for and being-through, but in the eternal problem of the meaning of life. Mayeroff asks whether the question makes any sense. Yet he affirms that "I discover and create the meaning of my life," and he is ambiguous in saying in regard to "meaning" that "there is a lightness and necessity about it that are rooted in my being" and yet peremptorily saying that meaning is in no way a working out of an advance and a priori pattern. He does say that by operating in such and such fashion "I realize the point of my life: what specifically requires me, what it is I am to serve."


A method of arbitrary set of models formalized by means of predicate algebra composition on variables set is presented. This method of composition is better than a method of composition on one variable by modeling of different artificial intelligence mechanisms. It enables the get of more detailed description of models composition. Refs: 14 titles.


The development of power export ornamental fish gave change to ornamental fish production indonesia to s become incredibly global including the rainbow boesemani (M.Boesemani). The difference male and female with this fish look striking at physical features, a male fish having body and a color that is good so that a male fish having the economic value that higher than in female. Productivity monoseks male can be done by pengaplikasian maskulinisasi method. One of the natural that can be used in the methods of maskulinisasi to produce monoseks the bulls are resin of bees or more in know as propolis.
This study was conducted in laboratory of Aquaculture in Reproduction Fish Devision, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University in November 2017 till February 2018. The methodology that was used of these tests are the experimental methods are using random design it is the complete by the use of 4 treatment (0,5ppm, 1ppm, 1,5ppm, 2ppm) and 1 control treatment. For data that obtained will be analysis Sidik Ragam and realised variety and the application will be done BNT efforts whatever survives this test. To paramete the main upon the of this research is prosesntase the level of the male organs and the survival rate (SR) while from the supporting paramet carried out to examine growth rate (GR) and also the quality of the water.
Results obtained to research this time that give resinous extract honey bees (propolis) impact on the percentage male in fish larvae Rainbow boesemani. The average to the percentage a kind of male fish on treatment A (0,5 ppm) is 43,92 %, treatment B (1 ppm) as much as (62,74), treatment C (1,5 ppm) as much as 50,28 % , treatment D (2 ppm) as much as 59,49 %, has committed against you and control of of 52,80 %. Prosentase a kind of male fish has the highest poverty rate is at rest in the treatment B (1 ppm). To the survival rate at the current level (SR) fish larvae rainbow boesemani with rerata on treatment A (0,5 ppm) as much as 57,78 %, treatment B (1 ppm) as much as 44,44 %, treatment C (1,5 ppm) as much as 44,44 %, treatment D (2 ppm) as much as 35,56 %, and control (0 ppm) as much as 57,78 %. To growth rate (GR) in treatment A (0.5 ppm) as much as 0,0203g, treatment B (1 ppm) 0,0208g it, treatment C (1.5 ppm) as much as 0,0215g, and treatment D (2 ppm) 0,024g it, while to control having growth average 0,210g it. While for the quality of the water include the value of their call therein will be to the morning of range from 5,38 - 8,43 ppm and in the daytime living luxuriously in ranges from 5,12 - 7 , 67 ppm, while pH on the morning of day of the tariffs range from 6,5 - 7,8 and in the daytime living luxuriously in size ranges from 6,1 - 7,3 .
A conclusion that obtained from research on maskulinisasi fish Rainbow boesemani (Melaetaenia boesemani) was of soaking the larva of using the bee resin honey (propolis) with a dose which is different to exert an influence upon prosesntase male and do not to exert an influence upon the survival rate at the current level.


Configurations and electronic properties of Cun-1 Ni and pure Cu n( n =3-14) clusters are calculated in the framework of all-electron density-function theory. It demonstrates that structure of Cu n( n =3-14) clusters does not grow in a compact pattern but tends to a platelet-like configuration. CunNi( n=2-13) clusters grow in an icosahedral pattern and doping of one Ni atom increases stability of pure Cu n clusters. Ni atom prefers maximum numbers of neighboring Cu atoms and gradually falls into interior of the Cu framework as number of Cu atom increases. It shows that even-atom clusters have relatively higher stability. Especially,Cu3 Ni,Cu7Ni and Cu9Ni are more stable. In Ni-doped copper clusters,impurity atom exhibits positive charge and donates electron to copper atoms. The presence of a doping atom like Ni atom affects chemical activity of copper clusters including corrosion-resistant properties.


Objective To study the expression of dectin-1 and β2-defensin in rats with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP),and to explore the influence of dexamethasone on the expression of dectin-1 and β2-defensin and its relationship with progression of PCP.Methods Fifty-three rats were divided into four groups: normal control,P.carinii(Pc) stimulation,PCP model and recovered PCP model.PCP rats were induced with dexamethasone in this study,and Pc cysts were detected by Grocoti's methenamine-silver nitrate(GMS) staining.Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of dectin-1 and β2-defensin in the lung tissues,and HE staining for pathological examination of the lung tissues.Results The expressions of dectin-1 and β2-defensin were significantly higher in the Pc stimulation group than that of the normal group(P0.05),and in the Pc stimulation group and recovered PCP group than that of PCP model group(P0.05).The burden of Pc cysts in recovered PCP group was less than that in the PCP group,while the inflammation was similar between them.Conclusions During the Pc infection,the expression of dectin-1 and β2-defensin in the lung of immunocompetent rats is strikingly increased,which may play an important role in the defense against the Pc invasion.Dexamethasone inhibites the expression of dectin-1 and β2-defensin in the rat lung,and it may be one of mechanisms of PCP development induced by P.carinii.


A 76-years-old male presented to our Emergency Department (ED) with a three-day history of refractory headache, nausea and photophobia, with an associated left visual field loss. His past medical history included migraine with typical prodromal presentations of nausea and photophobia, with preceding large monocular fortification spectra (which typically resulted in prolonged periods of left-sided visual field losses). The reason for the presentation on this occasion was related to the headache intensity. The ingestion of sumatriptan, as was indicated prior to his ED presentation, had good effect with partial resolution of the headache and nausea.

The reviews which were made by both the ED and the Ophthalmology staff revealed no objective visual defects despite the patient maintaining the presence of the left-sided visual field abnormality. However, the application of an ishihara booklet by the Ophthalmology Registrar uncovered a left Homonymous Hemianopia. A subsequent CT scan of the head which was done, revealed a right occipital cortex ischaemic stroke [Table/Fig-1].

[Table/Fig-1]:

Right Occipital Ischaemic Infarct

This case demonstrates the ongoing need for the clinical appli-cation of ishihara charts [Table/Fig-2] in the clinical practice, something which we perceive, is diminishing in the clinical practice. Importantly, this case reinforces the need for an objective and a thorough examination, irrespective of the likelihoods which are associated with a premorbid history. Equally, caution is required in dismissing the subjective presentations when objective findings are lacking.

[Table/Fig-2]:

Ishihara booklet


An effective method was proposed to deal with delay compensation time of self-oscillation linear actuator for a gun launched missile controlled with single channel.High frequency self-oscillation peculiarity of the actuator makes it rather difficult to measure and analyze the delay time of the actuator.To resolve this problem,it was proposed to use filter constructed based on missile dynamics to eliminate the uncertainty brought by the high frequency oscillation of the actuator,and to determine the delay compensation time of the actuator according to the delay of the missile normal acceleration.Data processing results show that by use of the method the delay compensation time of the self-oscillation linear actuator can be determined validly.A contrast between the amplitude-modulated rectangle wave order and sine wave order was made also in the point of view of whether it is convenient to compensate the delay time,and a conclusion that the self-oscillation linear actuator's response to the sine wave order is better than that to the rectangle wave order was offered.


In the article the authors define the content of activity of the heads of an organization on preventing and resolving organizational conflicts, organizational and management principles and directions of improving of the procedures of preventing and settlement of conflicts in the organization are formulated. The authors analyze the place and role of conflict prevention technology in the system of management by the organization as a constituent part of the personnel policy which requires the availability of principles, methods, programs and mechanisms that allow to reveal the reasons of conflicts among the employees and also minimize the destructive consequences of the conflict. The authors give the example of the program of training on prevention of conflicts and stress in the organization.


Abstract Certain semigroups of continuous selfmaps of the closed unit interval are shown to have the property that all their automorphisms are inner. Contrary to expectation, certain other such semigroups do have outer automorphisms. 1980 Mathematics subject classification (Amer. Math. Soc.): primary 20 M 20; secondary 54 C 40.


A method of elevation imaging based on vortex electromagnetic wave generated by concentric uniform circular array (UCA) is proposed. The dual relationship between the elevation angle of target and the locations of the UCA elements is used. Subsequently, the compressed sensing strategy is utilized to determine the elevation angle of target. Simulation results show high accuracy of this method. The work can benefit the research on orbital angular momentum (OAM) based information-rich radar.


We extend the Lucas–Lehmer theory for second-order divisibility sequences to a large class of fourth-order sequences, with appropriate laws of apparition and of repetition. Examples are provided by the numbers of perfect matchings, or of spanning trees, in families of graphs, and by the numbers of points on elliptic curves over finite fields. Whether there are fourth-order divisibility sequences not covered by our theory is an open question.


Digital photoelasticity is a whole field experimental technique which can analyze both 2-D and 3-D models. In this paper, stress frozen 3-D models are sliced mechanically and the whole field principal stress differences (Isochromatics) and principal stress directions (Isoclinics) are evaluated by capturing only five images using the standard optical arrangements of a conventional polariscope. The wrapped isoclinic values obtained by processing the first four colour polarization stepped images in the range -π/4 to +π/4 are unwrapped using adaptive quality guided phase unwrapping algorithm to get isoclinics in the range of -π/2 to +π/2. The total fringe order is evaluated by three fringe photoelasticity or RGB photoelasticity with its latest developments like colour adaptation combined with refined three fringe photoelasticity. The methodology is validated for two slices cut from aero-structural components.


The biggest power consumer in data centers is the storage system. Coupled with the fact that disk drives are lowly utilized, disks offer great opportunities for power savings, but any power saving action should be transparent to user traffic. Estimating correctly the performance impact of power saving becomes crucial for the effectiveness of power saving. Here, we develop a methodology that quantitatively estimates the performance impact due to power savings. By taking into consideration the propagation delay effects. Experiments driven by production server traces verify the correctness and efficiency of the proposed analytical methodology.


Following its isolation in 2004, graphene a two dimensional single layer sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern, has generated a significant amount of interest in academia and industry alike [1, 2]. Various superlative properties of this wonder material have provided and continue to provide numerous opportunities for its application in several industrial sectors. These properties include high electron mobility, high electric current density, excellent heat conductivity, chemical inertness, impermeability to almost all molecules, high mechanical strength, high optical transparency, ease in conformal patterning and coating etc. Owing to its incredible properties, graphene based materials have potential to significantly improve product performance in several existing applications such as photovoltaics, transparent conductors, sensors, composite materials, membranes or gas barriers, conductive inks or paints and energy generation and storage devices [2]. It can provide opportunities for innovating game changing new products and act as a catalyst for new applications and markets. Moreover, the possibility to functionalize graphene is driving the continuous expansion of ensemble of graphene and/or graphene based hybrid materials towards enhancing the performance of various advanced material systems or technological solutions. The market of graphene applications is essentially driven by progress in the production of graphene with properties appropriate for the specific application [2]. There are essentially two approaches to synthesize graphene through either top-down or bottom-up approach, which are being used and developed to prepare graphene of various dimensions, morphology and purity. Top-down approach involves methods such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical exfoliation and chemical exfoliation via graphene oxide, whereas bottom-up approach includes synthesis methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), epitaxial growth on SiC and synthetic chemistry based molecular assembly approach. The properties of synthesized graphene are dictated by the method used for its synthesis, which directly determines its application for corresponding products as both of them heavily depend on each other. For example, graphene synthesized using chemical exfoliation approach might consist surface defects, which lowers the quality of the produced graphene flakes and hence limit its application to products such as coatings, paint/ink, composites, energy storage. On the other hand, graphene produced via bottom-up approach methods could be consisting less defects and hence provide an opportunity for its application to high-end products in photonics, nanoelectronics, transparent conductive layers, sensors, and bioapplications. Among several properties mentioned previously, properties such as high degree of electrical conductivity together with promising anti-corrosion properties of graphene can provide technological solutions to the customers of steel industry and fulfill their demand of constantly developing novel and more sophisticated products. Coating plays a crucial role in improving surface quality and providing protection for a substrate [3]. Graphene based advanced functional coatings can prove to be a game changer material for steel industry and its customers. The possibility to produce large quantities of high quality graphene and innovating different methods to deposit functional coatings based on graphene materials on steel substrates is driving the research and development of innovative technology in steel industry for various application. For example, graphene-coated steels could boost the energy efficiency of solar panels, or make buildings longer lasting by reducing damage caused by water or corrosive environment. The talk will illustrate and review various promising applications of graphene-based materials with respect to steel industry. The future perspectives of graphene based coatings will be discussed.


ASSESSING EFFECTS OF IQ ON SOCIABLE AND WITHDRAWN BEHAVIORS IN CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT Amanda L. Bradshaw Department of Communication Disorders Master of Science The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of IQ on subtypes of sociable and withdrawn behaviors in children with language impairment (LI). Research has suggested that children with LI are more likely to experience difficulty with social interaction than their typically developing peers (Brinton & Fujiki, 1999; Rice, 1991). The Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (Hart & Robinson, 1996) was used to compare sociable and withdrawn behaviors in 19 children with LI and 19 children with typically developing language. IQ scores for each participant were obtained by administering the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (Bracken & McCallum, 2003). These scores were used as a covariate in group comparisons of sociable and withdrawn behaviors. Comparisons indicated that classroom teachers rated children with LI as displaying more withdrawal and less sociable behaviors than typically developing children even when IQ was controlled.


Online learning plays a crucial role in our education system, especially in this time of COVID-19 pandemic, in which online learning is widely and fully implemented in the education system across the world. It is not easy to ensure consistent engagement from students with this current norm in education. Are the students engaging with their peers, their instructor or even with the content of the course? Referring to Moore's interaction framework, this study is aimed to examine further engagement methods used in online classrooms. A set of survey consists of 24 items were distributed and completed by fifty-five students from a public university in Malaysia. The results revealed the functions of the learner-to-learner, learner-to-instructor, and learner-to-content engagements in the online classroom, in which learner-to-instructor engagement plays the most significant role in maintaining students' engagement. The findings of the study could serve as one of the references by educators and even students to improve strategies and performances in online learning.

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The authors have designed an experiment that analyzes the blood for calcium and chloride ions, both of which are important to a healthy body.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the substitution of production factors and its impact on the total cost of production in the commercial farms specializing in milk production. The research method was the production function Cobb-Douglas. The value of the Marginal Rate of Substitution of capital for labour and amount of the total costs were presented, depending on the level of the labour input. It has been shown that substitution of production factors contribute to the reduction of production costs on farms specializing in milk production, allowing them achieve competitive advantage.


T he occurrence of superconductivity is a common phenomenon in metals. In this zero-resistance state, electrons form a condensate of Cooper pairs that can transport electrical current without dissipation. Such pairing of spin-1/2 particles (fermions) also happens in ultracold gases, neutron stars, quark matter, and neutral helium-3 atoms. In all these cases, the Cooper-pair condensate is very robust against perturbations, and its ground-state density is spatially uniform on macroscopic length scales. However, the Cooper-pair density can be-


We develop a theory of ligand diffusion in the presence of a central potential toward or away from receptor patches that are uniformly distributed over a spherical cell. The current onto the receptors is reduced to less than that onto the sphere by a factor that is a nonlinear function of the number of free receptors, their size, and their potential energy. Similarly, under conditions defined by the theory, the dissociation rate from a receptor is reduced by the probability of rebinding to some other receptor on the same cell. This complicates the kinetic analysis, leading to the possibility of an occupancy-dependent dissociation rate, but has no effect on the interpretation of thermodynamic data.


Telekom and EWE, two of Germany's largest telecommunications companies, sought to form a joint venture (JV) to expand the fire-optic broadband network in north-western Germany. On 21 March 2019,…


This work extends RHCS with the capability to link to additional libraries at runtime just by specifying the libraries' filenames. The software components defined in the libraries are made available to the system by means of prototypes. By retaining the abstract interfaces from RHCS we are now able to dynamically compose a complete control framework at runtime without referring to any implementation of the components as building blocks. Also it is possible to extend and adapt the software at runtime according to the needs of reconfigured hardware, or even switch to emulation mode without recompiling the software. Additional components can be build and loaded independently of the existing runtime. This leads to the possibility to build the control software from a textual database describing the hardwares properties. Another possibility would be to use a graphical editor to compose the components to a running system. The performance overhead due to software indirection is monitored and the correctness of architecture is verified by implementing a functional prototype.


Education and health are going close each to raise the population quality of life. Cuba has shown how in schools it is possible to promote the health through implementation of a Sexual Education Program. In Secondary Schools this program has a merely informative character, using not much didactic means. OBJECTIVE: to design a didactic proposal to improve the knowledge on sexual education in students from Baragua Secondary School to determine the knowledge level of students on sexual education matters; variables studied included: sex, age, knowledge level on these matters, sources of these knowledges. In cohort were included all students of eighth degree of this school, data were processed using the statistic SPSS package for Windows Version 11.5; results are expressed in tables. METHODS: this research was conducted in «Baragua» Secondary School to determine the level of knowledge in students on sexual education matters; variables studies included sex, age, knowledge level on these matters and the source of these knowledges. Group included all students of eighth degree of this school, data were processed using SPSS as statistical package for Windows Version 11.5 where results were expressed in tables. RESULTS: prevailing age group was 13 years and more representative one was the female sex; the more known sexual transmitted infections was the AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea; and the contraceptive methods were the condom ant contraceptive pills. CONCLUSIONS: There is a total lack of knowledge on contraceptive methods, the abortion and sexual transmitted infections. The Website allows improving the sexual education in students with a high level of acceptation by students and professors.


(57) Abstract: Hr improved with high surface recording density, magnetic recording medium exhibiting the SNR and S Embodiment is 'and causing the sputter deposited on the substrate (20), the sputter layer (21, 21 Al or Al alloy layer (21, 21)' a) anodized, a plurality of substantially uniform with the aluminum oxide and forming a six rectangular cells. Six square pattern is reproduced subsequently by attaching a magnetic layer epitaxially grown (24, 24 '), thus the magnetic particles are separated, decreases magnetostatic interaction therebetween.


The length-weight relationship of the mud eel Monopterus cuchia from West Bengal was calculated using the methods of least squares, which can be expressed by the equation, Log W = 0.494 + 3.05 Log L, for sexes combined. A high degree of positive correlation (r = 0.9842) was noted between length and weight of M. cuchia. The exponential value of the length-weight relationship (b) in this fish followed the cube law (3.05), indicating an isometric pattern of growth. The 'b' value of length-weight relationship varied due to sex, size and season. Kn values at different length groups ranged from 0.798 to 1.179, with an average value of 1.046 and the Kn values varied from 0.8 to 1.99 during different months, with an average value of 1.35 which indicated that the general well-being of this fish was good in this region.


At 6 months, a planned interim analysis of the first 188 patients showed a treatment success rate of 8% with placebo, 38% with propranolol 1 mg/kg per day, and 63% with propranolol 3 mg/kg per day. Propranolol dosing for the remainder of the study was 3 mg/kg per day. Final efficacy analysis for all patients showed higher rates of treatment success at 6 months with propranolol 3 mg/kg per day compared with placebo (60% vs 4%; P<.001; NNT=2), with 88% of patients improved by 5 weeks. AEs such as nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, fever, cough, and vomiting occurred in 76% of the placebo group and in 96% of the propranolol group. No difference was noted in serious AEs (worsening of hemangioma, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, apathy, gastroesophageal reflux disease) between the placebo (5.5%) and propranolol (5.9%) groups. Known serious AEs of propranolol therapy (hypotension, bradycardia, hypoglycemia, or bronchospasm) occurred in 2 patients in each group.1 A 2013 systematic review of 41 trials including retrospective case series, 1 prospective clinical trial, and 1 RCT (N=1,264) looked at the efficacy and safety of oral propranolol in treating IH in children.2 Patients' mean age was 6.6 months (range 3 days–10 years) and 28% had received prior treatment, mainly oral prednisone. Mean propranolol dose was 2.1 mg/kg per day (range 1–4 mg/kg per day) and average treatment time was 6.4 months. Response was defined as any IH improvement, judged by visual changes in color and size from clinic visits or serial photographs. Mean response rate to propranolol was 98% (range 82%–100%), with a 17% relapse rate, defined as increase in size or color, or both. A total of 371 AEs were reported in 39 trials (n=1,189), most commonly sleep changes, acrocyanosis, and gastrointestinal or respiratory issues. Ten symptomatic serious AEs (hypotension, hypoglycemia, bradycardia) were reported.2 A 2013 systematic review and meta-analysis (33 studies: retrospective case series and prospective clinical studies) examined the efficacy of systemic steroids and oral propranolol for IH.3 The response rate was variably defined as the change in IH appearance over time based on pigmentation, size, involution, regression, volume, or visual analog scale. Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 12 months. Significant heterogeneity (I2= 68%–95%) was present among studies due to variable IH location and type, medication dosing or duration, and specific measurement of response in each study. No studies directly compared steroids with propranolol. The response rate was 71% for steroids (10 studies, n=1,416; most common dose 2–3 mg/kg per day) and 97.3% for propranolol (23 studies, n=692; most common dose 2 mg/kg per day). AEs occurred in 17.6% of steroid patients (n=2,697) and 13.7% of propranolol patients (n=699).3


To reduce the cost and the time of transport in Eurasian railroad networks such as TKR, TCR and TSR owing to the problem of different track gauges (narrow/standard/broad gauge), it is important to develop the gauge - adjustable wheelset system to adapt easily to these gauges. The gauge - adjustable wheelset system in the transcontinental railway have been proposed as a more effective way in comparison with other techniques for overcoming difference in track gauges. Assume that the freight train with gauge adjustable wheelset system is running from domestic train network to TCR, TSR in Eurasian continent, it is necessary to estimate the safety of this system. This study is evaluated at examination of safety for freight train with gauge adjustable wheelset system by simulated durability analysis. Moreover, the predicted fatigue life at running track using the durability simulator was verified by the durability test according to UIC standard.


The blasting vibration has an impact on the rock and soil around the blasting hole and the nearby structures. The vibration-isolating slot is one of the methods to reduce the damage of blasting vibration. In this paper, the influences of the depth and position of the vibration isolation slot on the PPV (peak particle velocity) attenuation characteristics of the ground vibration and blasting vibration damping effect of the vibration isolation slot at different measuring points are studied systematically by LS-DYNA numerical models. The results show that the damping effect of the vibration isolation slot is realized by reflecting the blasting vibration wave and increasing the propagation paths of the blasting vibration wave. When the measuring points are 5 m∼45 m far away from the vibration-isolating slot, the average vibration damping effect of the vibration-isolating slot is more than 30% and the deeper the depth of the vibration isolation slot, the better the vibration damping effect when the measuring points are 5 m∼15 m far away from the vibration isolation slot. However, when the measuring points are 15 m∼45 m far away from the vibration isolation slot, the vibration damping effect is best when the depth of the vibration isolation slot is 15 m. The vibration damping effect of blasting vibration at the same measuring point is different due to different positions of vibration isolation slot. For the measuring points M3 and M5, with the increasing of the distance between the vibration-isolating slot and the explosion source, the vibration damping effect of the vibration-isolating slot shows an increasing-decreasing-increasing trend; however, it shows a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend for the measuring point M4.


Despite the extensive use of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) for thromboprophylaxis, only two serious complications have thus far been reported where spinal haematomas were incurred after epidural and spinal blocks in patients on such treatment. In our patient, who was on thromboprophylaxis with the LMWH drug enoxaparin, catheter epidural anaesthesia was abandoned due to a bloody tap and superseded by spinal anaesthesia. More than 40 hours later she had developed a paraparesis and complete sensory loss in the lower extremities. The MRT image showed haematomas epi‐ and subdurally, as well as subarachnoidally, but no epidural bleeding was seen at laminectomy.


According to surveys carried out in recent years, there is an increase in tax evasion not only globally but also in the Greek area. This indicates dissatisfaction and difficulty for companies to cope in existing tax laws and the pursuit to increase their profits with no legitimate way though.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the effects of audit quality on earnings management and cost of equity capital (COE) considering the impact of two owner types: government ownership and foreign ownership.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a panel data set of 236 Vietnamese firms covering the period 2007 to 2017. Because the two main dependent variables of the COE capital and the absolute value of discretionary accruals receive fractional values between zero and one, the paper uses the generalised linear model (GLM) with a logit link and the binomial family in regression analyses. The paper uses numerous audit quality measures, including hiring Big 4 auditors or the industry-leading Big 4 auditor, changing from non-Big 4 auditors to Big 4 auditors or the industry-leading Big 4 auditor, and the length of Big 4 auditor tenure. Big 4 companies include KPMG, Deloitte, EY and PwC, whereas the non-big 4 are the other audit companies.

Findings
The study finds a negative relationship between audit quality and both the COE capital and income-increasing discretionary accruals. The effects of audit quality on discretionary accruals and the COE capital depend on the ownership levels of two important shareholders: the government and foreign investors. Foreign ownership is negatively associated with discretionary accruals; however, the effect is more pronounced in the sub-sample of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the firms where the government owns 50% or more equity, than in the sub-sample of Non-SOEs.

Originality/value
To the best of the knowledge, no prior similar study exists that used the GLM with a logit link and the binomial family regression. Global investors may be interested in understanding how unique institutional settings and capital markets of each country impact the financial reporting quality and cost of capital. Further, policymakers of developing markets may have incentives to improve the quality of financial reporting and reduce the cost of capital which should result in attracting more foreign investments.


We examine extensions of the MSSM with more than one generation of Higgs bosons. If one assumes that a symmetry eliminates the tree-level FCNC, then the extra scalar bosons do not acquire VEVs, do not couple to fermions and do not mix with the ordinary Higgs bosons; the lightest is absolutely stable. The two lightest neutral scalars, $\phi_S$, and $\phi_P$, are degenerate in mass, and the mass difference between those and the lightest charged scalar, $\phi_+$, is calculated. For most of the parameter space, the charged scalar is between a hundred MeV and a few GeV heavier than the neutral scalars. The $\phi_+$ will decay at the vertex; the signature for this decay will be like that of a chargino with a nearly degenerate undetected neutralino. Next, the possibility that the symmetry that eliminates FCNC is a flavor symmetry is discussed. In an example, the U(2) model, tree-level FCNC processes can be calculated in terms of quark masses. The strongest constraint on this model is from $D-\bar{D}$ mixing, which should be within an order of magnitude of the current bound.


A 50-year-old woman with long standing nonspecific disturbing headaches of the mid-face and rear of the head plus retro-orbital pain for about one year duration was proved to suffer from the fungus ball involvement of the left sphenoid sinus after operation. The diagnosis was established by histopathologic examination of the specimen removed at the time of operation.


Aim to explain the ozone hole;pointed out Ozone(O3) is not inherent but conversed from Oxygen(O2) in Atmosphere;O2 and shot-wave solar ultraviolet radiation are the essential conditions of Ozonosphere creating;according to the mechanism of the balance move principle of reversible Ozonosphere forming reaction,atmospheric circulation and the Earth orbit motion,maintained the ozone hole is natural phenomenon,the reason of this phenomenon is the lack of solar ultraviolet radiation and Oxygen(O2);according quantity analysis,the shot-wave solar ultraviolet radiation energy absorbed in O2 transforms O3 isomerism process is 144.198 kJ/mol(O3) and the ability of O3 on shot-wave solar ultraviolet radiation absorbing is uncertain,thus O2 is much important than O3 on shot-wave solar ultraviolet radiation absorbing;the function to atmospheric ozone hole of O3 consuming materials can't be measured in present;answered the seasonal character of the ozone hole;calculated possible area of the ozone hole in Antarctic Pole.


Abstract We report a case of a 27-year-old Asian man presenting with the typical features of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis who was commenced on anti-tuberculous therapy on the strength of the clinical presentation. Histological examination of an excised cervical lymph node however, revealed the diagnosis of Kikuchi's syndrome; a histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis which is usually self-limiting.


Since Cook, Dunphy and Blake 1 first described the intrathecal and intracisternal administration of streptomycin, evidence has accumulated to indicate that such modes of injection can be accompanied with toxic effects on the central nervous system and that these effects may outweigh the benefits in any single case. We propose to review neurologic complications resulting from instillation of streptomycin into various sites in the central nervous system and to report 2 cases illustrating the dangers of intracisternal administration of that agent. Systemic toxic manifestations following intramuscular administration of streptomycin are well known and have been well summarized by McDermott. 2 Neurologic complications from streptomycin are divided into (1) impairment of the eighth cranial nerve and (2) effects attendant on the instillation of streptomycin directly into the central nervous system. Walker and co-workers 3 found that in monkeys 75 mg. of streptomycin applied directly to the cerebral cortex consistently produced convulsions.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: method envisages recipe components preparation, cucumaria meat and skin-off fish fillet blanching in vegetable oil and cutting, fresh white cabbages chopping and freezing, carrots and bulb onions cutting and sauteing in vegetable oil, brined cucumbers cutting, the listed components mixing with preserved olives without kernels, flour, drinking water, tomato puree, acetic acid, sugar, salt, black hot pepper, allspice, cloves, cinnamon and laurel leaf, the produced mixture packing, sealing and sterilisation. The invention novelty is as follows: one uses structured sunflower flour that is poured, before mixing, with drinking water and maintained for swelling while the components are used at the following expenditure ratio, wt %: cucumaria - 403.6; skin-off fish fillet - 127; vegetable oil - 33.6; fresh white cabbages - 392; carrots - 14-14.4; bulb onions - 18.7-19; brined cucumbers - 60.6; preserved olives without kernels - 20.4; structured sunflower flour - 30.5; tomato puree in conversion to 12% of dry substances content - 20.4; acetic acid in conversion to 80% concentration - 0.45; sugar - 24.4; salt - 17.2; black hot pepper - 0.51; allspice - 0.51; cloves - 0.31; cinnamon - 0.21; laurel leaf - 0.31; water till the target product yield is equal to 1000. EFFECT: method ensures reduction of the manufactured target product adhesion to container walls. 1 cl