Abstract Context We previously reported that inorganic iodine therapy in lactating women with Graves disease (GD) did not affect the thyroid function in 25 of 26 infants despite their exposure to excess iodine via breast milk. Objective To further assess thyroid function in infants nursed by mothers with GD treated with inorganic iodine. Design Case series Setting Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Japan Participants One hundred infants of lactating mothers with GD treated with potassium iodide (KI) for thyrotoxicosis Main Outcome Measures Infant blood thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured by the filter paper method. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH ≥10 μIU/mL and ≥5 μIU/mL in infants aged <6 and ≥6 months, respectively. Results Overall, 210 blood samples were obtained from 100 infants. The median infant age was 5 (range, 0-23) months; median maternal KI dose, 50 (4-100) mg/day; median blood TSH level, 2.7 (0.1-12.3) μIU/mL; and median blood FT4 level, 1.04 (0.58-1.94) ng/dL. Blood TSH level was normal in 88/100 infants. Twelve infants had subclinical hypothyroidism; among them, blood TSH levels normalized after maternal KI withdrawal or stopping breastfeeding in 3 infants. In 7 infants, blood TSH levels normalized during KI administration without stopping breastfeeding. Two infants could not be followed up. Conclusion In Japan, inorganic iodine therapy for lactating women with GD did not affect thyroid function in most of the infants. Approximately 10% of infants had mild subclinical hypothyroidism, but blood TSH level normalized during continued or after discontinuing iodine exposure in all followed up infants.


ABSTRACT In this yearlong qualitative study, situated within cognitive and social constructivist theory, the authors investigate the adoption of tablets (iPads) by a group of nine teacher educators for use in pre-service teacher instruction. Using data gathered from focus groups following each of three teaching terms, the authors examined how teacher educators represent their experiences in using tablet technology and the ways they integrate tablets into their teaching and mentoring practices. Participants were generally positive in their appraisal of tablets, citing promising applications for inquiry-based and collaborative learning, reflective teaching, exploratory pedagogy and authentic student assessment, among others. Several challenges to tablet use were identified, including technical infrastructure issues, a requirement for instructor support, concerns about equity in student access, cross-platform compatibility and the general pedagogical shift to iPads as a teaching platform. Recommendations and implications for practice are discussed.


A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) slide was used as a platform for the growth of a silver dendrite (Ag-D) film using cyclic voltammetry. The particular dendritic nanostructures were formed by the diffusion-limited-aggregation model due to the potential difference between the MWCNTs and the ITO surface. The Ag-D-coated ITO film was then used for the catalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) under static aqueous conditions. The network structure of the Ag-D allows the efficient diffusion of MO and MB, and consequently enhances the catalytic performance. Since the thin film is much easier to use for the post-treatment of powder catalysts, the proposed method shows great potential in many catalytic applications.


Metacognition refers to people's reflexive processes about their own knowledge and the knowledge they have about their own cognitive activity. The knowledge that a person has about his own cognitive task allows him, when he performs some task, firstly, to monitor what he does, this is to exercise supervision while advancing in his activity and, finally, to direct the course of his cognitions, that is, exercise control (Huertas, Vesga and Galindo, 2014). This paper presents the results of an investigation that focuses on identifying the metacognitive skills that psychology students have developed throughout their professional training. A quantitative descriptive-comparative approach was adopted, addressed with 900 students of the Psychology Degree. The Metacognitive Skills Inventory of Huertas et al (2014) consisting of 52 questions with a likert scale of 1 to 5 was used, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.94. In the findings it can be seen that 66% of psychology students are shown to agree on the knowledge of their skills, learning strategies and the use of their cognitive abilities developed during their training. Also in regards to the regulation of cognition in the planning of their times and organization of their goals.


Background
There are limited reports on the treatment of complex calcified lesions using rotational atherectomy (RA) in octogenarians, particularly in high-risk patients.

Objective
To evaluate procedural and clinical outcomes of RA in octogenarians.

Methods
Consecutive RA patients from 2010 to 2018 were selected from our catheterization laboratory database, stratified into two groups (≥ or < 80 years old), and analyzed.

Results
A total of 411 patients (269 males and 142 females) with a mean age of 73.8 ± 11.3 years were enrolled, of whom 153 were ≥ 80 years old and 258 were < 80 years old. Most of the patients displayed high-risk features. The baseline Syntax scores were high in both groups, and most lesions were heavily calcified (96.1% vs. 97.3%, p = 0.969, respectively). The use of hemodynamic support intra-aortic balloon pump was more frequent in the octogenarians (21.6% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.007), but the RA completion rate was similarly high (95.9% vs. 99.1%, p = 0.842). There was no difference in acute complications. The total/cardiovascular (CV) death rate within one year was higher in the octogenarians, along with higher major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)/CV MACE rates in the first month. Cox regression analysis showed that age ≥ 80 years, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic cardiomyopathy/shock, multi-vessel disease and serum creatinine were all predictors of MACE, and that these factors plus peripheral artery disease were predictors of all-cause mortality in these patients.

Conclusions
RA is feasible with a very high success rate in high-risk octogenarians with complex anatomies, and with equal safety and no increase in complications. The higher rates of all-cause death and MACE were attributed to an older age and other traditional risk factors.


The spatial distribution of trees above ground influences on the amount of root biomass and a low root biomass might decrease the total biomass production. The amount of biomass for fractions and distribution of downy and silver birch root systems was studied including the root distribution in cardinal points. The allometric relationship between stump diameter (DSH) and stump weight and between DSH and root weight and length for the two species was quantified. The 12-year-old trees had been grown at four spacings on two sites: medium clay and fine sand soils. The dry root weight per stump differed significantly between species and spacings, but not for diameter class >5 mm and spacings. For both species the root weight was greatest at a spacing of 2.6 m on medium clay soil. The differences between cardinal points and root weight and length for all diameter classes and both birch species were not significant. Equations for estimating the stump weight, root weight and the root length from diameter at stump height (DSH) confirmed that DSH can be used as a simple variable to estimate the root biomass. Equations for estimating root biomass by DSH or diameter at breast height (DBH) is presented


Progress in the Radioisotope Distribution Program at ORNL during Dec. 1976 is reported. Data are included on reactor- and accelerator-produced isotopes, the production of the fission products /sup 85/Kr, /sup 137/Cs, /sup 90/Sr, /sup 133/Xe, /sup 131/I, /sup 95/Nb, and /sup 91/Y, tritium shipments, and radioisotopes sales for the last quarter of both 1975 and 1976. (LCL)


If three standard neutrinos mix with other degree of freedoms like sterile neutrinos, no matter how heavy the sterile neutrino masses are, it could result in the unitarity violation in the MNSP matrix. Nevertheless, the unitarity violation induced by the existence of light or heavy sterile neutrinos can have very different effects on neutrino oscillations, we call the former case direct unitarity violation and the later case the indirect unitarity violation. We will explain in this paper the difference of these two kinds of unitarity violations, then focus on the possibilities of searching the unitarity violation in neutrino oscillation experiments, of which the precision reactor experiments with multiple baselines are discussed in detail.


The utility model discloses an insulating sleeve with a novel shielding structure of a high-voltage switch cabinet. The insulating sleeve comprises a shielding sleeve, wherein the wall of the shielding sleeve is provided with an outer shielding layer, and the inner surface of the shielding sleeve is lined with an inner shielding layer at the position opposite to the outer shielding sleeve; the outer shielding layer comprises an aluminum mesh, and both the inner surface and the outer surface of the aluminum mesh are provided with a semiconductive shielding material coating layer; the inner shielding layer comprises an aluminum cylinder, and the outer surface of the aluminum cylinder is provided with a semiconductive shielding material coating layer; one end of a shielded outgoing line is connected with a high-voltage conductive busbar, and the other end of the shielded outgoing line is connected with the aluminum cylinder. The insulating sleeve disclosed by the utility model is reasonable in structure, good in shielding effect, high in insulating performance and convenient to use.


Responses of 435 students to 6 questions from Hippocrates indicated considerable queasiness perceived in the hypothetical situations posed. Eating after someone else, especially if the person is unfamiliar, elicited more response than other situations. Students and the original respondents to the magazine's inquiry rated the situations in a similar manner.


In spite of their convenience and popularity, dockless shared bikes pose several challenges to operations and city management, e.g., unbalanced supply and demand across a city, and harmful congestions in pedestrian walkways. A step towards addressing these challenges is to find whether there exist periodical patterns in dockless shared bike demands. A periodical pattern of dockless shared bike demand is a time-dependent demand profile that repeats over a time period and frequently appear in different areas across a city. Mining periodical patterns of dockless shared bike demands, however, is very challenging because of data noises and different demand scales in different areas. In this paper, we propose a two-stage method for mining the periodical patterns of dockless shared bike demands. In the first stage, we determine the areas which have periodical dockless shared bike demands. And in the second stage, we introduce the concept of magnitude-oblivious demand to handle the issue on the different scales in different areas and propose an algorithm to compute the magnitude-oblivious periodic patterns. We conduct experiments with real data in Shanghai, China, which show that 12.4% of spatial areas in Shanghai have periodicity in bike demands, and we report 157 magnitude-oblivious periodical patterns in Shanghai. We also present several case studies which show our approach produces meaningful and useful patterns. Interestingly, we find that the areas with a similar geography often share the same periodical patterns of dockless shared bike demands.


The data in this report were drawn from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The NCVS collects information on nonfatal crimes reported and not reported to the police from a nationally representative sample of persons age 12 or older who live in U.S. households. Persons are interviewed every 6 months over 3 years with the first interview conducted in person and follow-up interviews conducted either in person or by phone.


Objectives: The organizational culture of small-scale enterprises is influenced by a lack of awareness of industrial accidents and a business-oriented culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a correlation between chemical awareness and worker safety, which is the reason why a company's safety environment is responsible for human factor accidents. Methods: The research model established the organizational culture, human relationships, organizational relationships, workplace culture, safety climate, and safety parameters, all of which affect the perception of chemical substances, then established safety rankings, communication, safety regulations, and safety support. Results: In order to derive the results of this study, the satisfaction level was mostly derived from the degree of engagement (+) depending on the number of years worked, in the hierarchical regression analysis. During work with chemicals, the number of years spent on the level of the service was determined by the influence of the chemical (-). Based on this company, the occurrence of chemical accidents caused by chemical materials was felt to be felt at the risk of causing the hazard to be felt, the absence of physical damage was excluded from the variables. The other variables detected in the variables were 62.8 ± 24.4. Conclusion: As a result, it is necessary to develop a statistical model for the verification of the hierarchical regression analysis, and the relationship between safety and awareness of the dangers of chemicals and biological agents requires periodic safety training. Job satisfaction was found to be higher if the level of awareness was sufficient.


Background:  Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) almost invariably predate detection of the malignancy. Screening for tumours is important in PNS as the tumour directly affects prognosis and treatment and should be performed as soon as possible.


Localization for visually impaired people in dynamically changing environments with unexpected hazards and obstacles is a current need. Many techniques have been discussed in the literature with respect to location-based services and techniques used for the positioning of devices. Time difference of arrival (TDOA), time of arrival (TOA) and received signal strength (RSS) have been widely used for the positioning but narrow band signals such as Bluetooth cannot efficiently utilize TDOA or TOA. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to measure RSS, has been found to be more reliable. RSSI measurement estimations depend heavily on the environmental interference. RSSI measurement estimations of Bluetooth systems can be improved either by improving the existing methodologies used to implement them or by using fusion techniques that employ Kalman filters to combine more than one RSSI method to improve the results significantly. This paper focuses on improving the existing methodology of measuring RSSI by proposing a new method using trilateration for localization of Bluetooth devices for visually impaired people. To validate the new method, class 2 Bluetooth devices (Blue Giga WT-12) were used with an evaluation board. The software required was developed in National Instruments LabView. The PCB was designed and manufactured as well. Experiments were then conducted, and surface plots of Bluetooth modules were obtained to show the signal interference and other environmental effects. Lastly, the results were discussed, and relevant conclusions were drawn.


In article the authors revealed that development of information infrastructure of innovative activity of small enterprises this direction of a state policy, among prime measures. This policy has strategic character and is aimed at implementation of technological break in the perspective directions of scientific and technical activity of small enterprises. After all small enterprises actively conduct researches and development, show more desire to assume risk, use research funds and the equipment, qualified personnel much more effectively, thereby make a powerful contribution to innovative process, technological updating of production. Orientation of a state policy to increase of the status of science and education, stimulation of the companies taken with the knowledge-intensive production, assistance to export of hi-tech production, will allow to create bases of essentially new model of economic growth for Russia. Strengthening of aspects of development of innovative activity of small enterprises will serve in the near-term and medium-term outlook as basis for a laying of the base of effective economy.


DISCLAIMER
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

PURPOSE
To describe the development and implementation of an electronic pharmacy scoring tool (PST) to prioritize patients requiring clinical pharmacy intervention and assist in workload management in a freestanding pediatric hospital using quality improvement methodology.

SUMMARY
The department of pharmacy at Nationwide Children's Hospital developed a pediatric-specific PST within the electronic medical record to aid in patient prioritization and ensuring proficient daily workflow and in qualifying workload for clinical pharmacists. The PST identifies patients for monitoring of high-risk medications, complex medication regimens, or abnormal laboratory values related to medication management. Application of the scoring tool ensures each patient is reviewed by clinical pharmacy staff each day, with initial efforts focused on patients with significant clinical pharmacy needs. This tool reduces the need for time-intensive manual chart review for identification of patients whose medication use and/or laboratory values afford greater opportunity for pharmacist intervention. Additionally, clinical pharmacist productivity metrics and workloads are considered, with the qualifying of patient care activities and quantification of time spent on patient review.

CONCLUSION
A PST enhances pediatric patient prioritization for clinical pharmacists by identifying patients most likely to require intervention in real time. The scoring tool enables future assessment of clinical pharmacists' workload assignments and better quantifies time spent on patient care activities.


The paper reports a new testing method working with state pattern designed software systems. The tests are performed in terms of symbolic execution aiming to identify conditions and values of some input parameters that violate assertions at runtime. The state based architecture of such systems allows a direct mapping of the methods to the transitions of the underlying finite state machine (FSM). In order to identify the methods that contain failing assertions, the Java Path Finder Symbolic Execution framework extension (JPF-SE) is used for an out of context execution of each method. We propose a new algorithm to compute a transition path from the initial state of the system to each faulty transition. The computation is carried out using a backward traversal scheme of the FSM support graph where the JPF-SE symbolically executes each transition of the path. The transition execution performed by JPF-SE yields to the backward propagation of the conditions imposed on the input parameters. The overall capabilities of the proposed algorithm are illustrated with an example.


fected cattle, a significant decrease was observed in RBCs (r=−0.934, P<0.01), PCV (r=−0.955, P<0.01), haemoglobin concentration (r=−0.950, P<0.01), and in SOD (r=−0.962, P<0.01) and GPX (r=−0.846, P<0.01) activities. In contrast, with increase in parasitaemia, a significant elevation in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (r=0.466, P<0.01), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (r=0.430, P<0.01) and concentration of methaemoglobin (r=0.944, P<0.01) was detected.


The invention provides a battery which comprises a shell, a battery main body and a water cooling channel, wherein the water cooling channel and the battery main body are arranged in the shell, the shell comprises a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water cooling channel comprises a water inlet end and a water output end which are respectively connected with the water inlet and the water outlet of the shell. The invention provides a battery module of a battery pack consisting of a plurality of batteries provided by the invention. The battery module comprises a cooling system, wherein the cooling system comprises a water tank, a water filling pipe, a battery module water inlet pipe, a battery module water outlet pipe, a battery module exhaust pipe, a water pump water-supply pipe, a water pump, a heat radiator and a heat radiator water outlet pipe; and cooling liquid circularly flows through a cooling liquid circulating channel formed by the battery module, the battery module water inlet pipe, the battery module water outlet pipe, the water pump, the heat radiator, the heat radiator water outlet pipe and the water pump water-supply pipe and cools the battery module.


Abstract Buddhist women have been building modern Chinese Buddhism for over a century and have been instrumental in the globalization of Buddhism. This article focuses on how Chinese Buddhist nuns constructed new networks, and their role as "bridges" between eras, people, institutions, and regions in modern times. The first section contextualizes the "Buddhist Revival" in turn-of-the-century China, and highlights the reforms of Buddhist modernizer Taixu regarding Chinese Buddhist women, particularly in the field of education. The second section discusses several networks of Buddhist women spanning a time-period from the late nineteenth century to the present, including those of two eminent nuns, Longlian and Tongyuan. I also discuss some reasons for the evolution of Taiwan's flourishing order of nuns and highlight networks of Taiwan nuns connecting Taiwan, China, Japan, and Hong Kong. The mission of these nuns past and present has been education, the key to the development of the nuns' order and to the flourishing of Chinese Buddhism today.


This research aims to find out whether the forms and the clauses in the
making of a working contract in the form of Kerosene Concession Agreement
Letter Number : 684/E26000/2002-S3 between PERTAMINA and Kerosene
Agent PT. Kapuas Melawi Indah Sintang District has fulfilled the elements of
good agreement and can represent the interests of the parties before the law, and
also to find out how is the role of Notary in making changes a working contract in
the form of Kerosene Concession Agreement Letter is to be an agreement that can
represent the interests of the parties before the law.
This research was a juridical normative, and also was a juridical empiric.
Field research was used to obtain the primary data, while to obtain the secondary
data was used library research. The sampling technique used was non-random
sampling, which is not every population has a chance to be sampled. Type of
sample used was purposive sampling.
The conclusion of this research are the Kerosene Concession Agreement
Letter Number : 684/E26000/2002-S3 between PERTAMINA and Kerosene
Agent PT. Kapuas Melawi Indah Sintang District has fulfilled the elements of
good agreement, have been able to cover all the will of the parties, made in the
form of under-hand deed so the function of this Kerosene Concession Agreement
Letter is only to prove an event, but do not have the power of the perfect law if it
is not recognized. To solve it this Agreement Letter can re-make and then get
legalized, get registered or made in the authentic deed by and or between the
Notary.


Preliminary results from Gamma ray experiment installed on a micro-satellite, Techsat 1, are reported. The experiment is based on CdZnTe detectors coupled to custom designed CMOS electronics, which includes low noise charge sensitive preamplifiers, pulse shaping amplifiers and sampling circuits. It was realized as a mile stone towards a micro- satellite mounted Gamma ray space telescope. The experiment is a stand-alone spectroscopy system that measures the radiation inside the micro-satellite and transmits the spectra to ground station via the main satellite computer. The radiation level inside micro-satellites is expected to be significantly lower compared to that inside large satellites. Additional goal of the experiment is to test the CdZnTe detectors and the front-end electronics, implemented in a standard CMOS process, under space radiation environment. In particular, the degradation in performance will be monitored. The Techsat 1 micro-satellite has been designed and constructed at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. The satellite is approximately 50 X 50 X 50 cm-3 cube with a total weight of about 50 kilograms. It was successfully launched in July 1998 to a 820 km orbit.


The TeraGrid project has been supported through a variety of funding and in-kind con- tributions in addition to multiple grants from the National Science Foundation. State support has come from the states of California, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Institutional support has come from Carnegie Melon University, Indiana Uni- versity, Purdue University, University of California-San Diego, University of Chicago, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Pittsburgh, the University of North Carolina, California Institute of Technology, and the University of Texas. Cor- porate support has come from Cray, Dell, IBM, Lilly Endowment, Qwest Communica- tions, and Sun Microsystems. Several hundred staff members from partner institutions contribute to the TeraGrid facility.


This study aimed to determine, if there is a difference in energy expenditure during walking among athletes and non-athletes at two different speeds of walking. Ninety five healthy female students (47 athletes and 48 non-athletes) with a mean age of 22.4 (±1.6) years purposively participated in this study. Medical and sport participation history of the subjects was acquired through a questionnaire. Two experimental tests including anthropometric measurements, VO2max, and walking tests on treadmill at speeds of 3.00 and 3.5 mph were conducted. Results showed no difference in weight, height, body mass index, and leg length between both groups. The non-athletes expended a greater amount of energy than athletes (3.78±.1 and 2.95±.6 kcal.min-1, respectively) at both speeds of 3.00mph and 3.5mph (4.89±1 and 3.94±.7 kcal.min-1). Based on energy requirements for walking at similar weights and speeds by ACSM's guideline, the female athletes walked at a slow, moderate and brisk pace. Most of the female non-athletes walked at a moderate, brisk and very brisk pace. This study revealed that regular exercise could improve walking efficiency, and the energy expenditure of walking would play an important role in the information processing for total energy requirement that progressively affects weight management and health.


T We develop a high-performance analytical model of Galactic Chemical Evolution, which accounts for delay time distributions and lock-up of stellar yields in a thermal-phased ISM. The model is capable of searching, for the first time, through the high-dimensional parameter space associated with the r-process enrichment of the Milky Way by its possible sources: Neutron Star Mergers and Collapsar events. Their differing formation mechanisms give these two processes different time dependencies, a property which has frequently been used to argue in fa v our of collapsars as the dominant r-process source. Ho we ver, we sho w that even with large degrees of freedom in the allowed thermal, structural, and chemical properties of the galaxy, large regions of parameter space are in strong tension with the data. In particular, whilst we are able to find models in which neutron star mergers produce the majority of r-process material, the data rule out all models with dominant collapsar yields. With no other identified source, we conclude that Neutron Star Mergers must be the dominant contributors to the modern Milky Way r-process budget.


Quality of Service (QoS) is the standard of technology. This paper analyzes various parameters of Optical fibre CDMA (OCDMA) technology that satisfies need of subscribers. QoS is provided by OCDMA when criteria of high data rates, high capacity, security and maximum subscribers are satisfied. Specifically High data rate codes (signature sequence) like optical orthogonal code (OOC's) with mathematical analysis, capacity, bit error rate (BER) with mathematical analysis and reduction in multiple access interference (MAI) of OCDMA and security systems for maximum users are discussed. Reduction in MAI is using optical hard limiter in front of desired optical correlator is presented. Security enhancement by code switching is presented. Overall our analysis shows that OCDMA is well suited for maximum users considering QoS management.


A 13‐year‐old hypertensive girl with a history of severe headaches following exercise developed circulatory collapse after "squat jumps." Pulmonary edema was present without evidence of a cerebral mass. The patient died with increased intrased intracranial pressure despite decompressive craniectomy. Neuropathological evaluation revealed diffuse cerebral edema and a pheochromocytoma in the right adrenal gland. Examination of urine revealed elevation of vanillylmandelic acid levels.


The crack-healing effect in dimethyl phthalate,diethyl phthalate,dibutyl phthalate,and dioctyl phthalate series materials was measured by the new method measuring the stress cracking and crack healing in situ recently invented by Huang et al.,and further analyses and discussions about the phenomenon are presented.


3'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl [2", 3: 7,8] furanoflavone, 3-methoxy-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl [2", 3: 7,8] furanoflavone, 3-methoxy3', 4'-methylenedioxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosylflavone and apigeniin-7-β-glucoronicacid 6"-butyl ester have been isolated first time from the seeds of Annona reticulata and identified by spectroscopic data.


Panhypopituitarism occurs as a result of the insufficiency of all hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland. Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital syndrome leading to hypopituitarism. The anterior pituitary hormones should be evaluated in patients with the signs and symptoms of hormone insufficiency and magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary should be performed for the etiology. Although PSIS is a rare cause of hypopituitarism, it must be treated with the replacement of the insufficient hormones. In this case report, we evaluated a PSIS case presented with panhypopituitarism


Abstract Field observations of a variety of fish species at different latitudes suggest that there is an inverse (countergradient) relationship between growth rate within the first growing season and the length of the growing season. In this study, larvae of striped bass Morone saxatilis from four different latitudes—Hudson River, New York (NY) (41°N); Nanticoke and Patuxent rivers, Maryland (MD) (38°N); Santee–Cooper river system, South Carolina (SC) (33°N); Apalachicola River, Florida (FL) (30°N)—were raised in captivity under identical conditions to determine if differences in growth could be detected among the populations. Larvae from two mothers per latitude were reared at two temperatures (17°C and 21°C) with replication. The general result was that MD and NY larvae exhibited the highest growth rates and SC larvae grew the slowest. At 17°C, a significant difference in standard length growth rate was detected between MD larvae, the fastest growing population, and SC larvae, the slowest growing popula...


One of main design system affecting work directly of compression ignition engine is injection system. Proper selection of parameter of design this arrangement, system of steering and system of oversight of correctness of work, there is one of basic problem standing before modern project engineers, producers and users of engines and injection equipment. Complexity of construction of modern injection system it requires proper methods of controls of correct operations, then that substantiates expedience planned and elaborated of models marine diesel engine injectors. It is possible, therefore, accept, that building of reliable structural model of engine diesel engine injector, which would mirror real object and it would take into consideration acquaintance of law ruling phenomenon and perfect other information's process allowing fuel injection. In this work have been build structural models of marine diesel engine injector type AL20/24, which will allow to restore principles of organizations with definite approximation and localizations geometric, that will lead for obtainment of information of modelled object. In article have been formulate of mathematical dependences and utilization of experimental dates, with enabled calculation of interest parameters and for indexes for simulated process. It takes advantage dependences for it in basic describing work of injection system defining faked process physical equations and dependences complementary and animation of injection processes have been elaborated.


Broadcasting is a communication model for a node to emit the packets via wireless channels to its neighbor nodes. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), it is commonly implemented through flooding to find routes, send alarm signals and page a particular host. Conventional on-demand route discovery for ad hoc routing protocols, such as AODV, extensively use blind flooding which could result in a high number of redundant retransmissions, leading to serious contention and collisions, referred to as the broadcast storm problem. A gossip-based approach is proposed to alleviate this problem, in which each node forwards a message with some probability. This approach combines gossiping with AODV (denoted as AODV+G) and exhibits a significant performance improvement in simulations. In this paper, we improve the gossip-based approach by considering the remaining energy of nodes in the gossip mechanism (denoted as AODV+GE) to improve the lifetime of entire network and the packet delivery ratio. Through mathematical inference and simulations we show that AODV+GE outperform AODV+G in terms of the lifetime of whole network, average node energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio.


To purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical results between rheumatoid arthritis shoulder cases and traumatic proximal humerus fracture cases. Fourteen patients who had been shoulder hemiarthroplasties between March 1991 to July 1996, six had rheumatoid arthritis and eight had comminuted proximal humerus fracture by the various trauma. Neer II prothesis were implanted in twenty cases and global prothesis were implanted in two cases. The follow up period was 15 months to 36 months. To evaluate this study, we used the UCLA shoulder rating. We were able to follow up thirteen cases for more than fifteen months, of which five cases had excellent, five cases had good, two cases had fair and one case had poor. And the results were better for patients with rheumaroid arthritis than for patients with trauma.


To the Editor: The article by van Beek and Griez (2000) contains what appear to be some errors. On page 832, the first item in the first column in Table 4 says "VAS-A mean $ 25," but presented are means 6 SDs. I presume this is a typesetting error of some kind. More concerning, however, are the results for the x tests reported by the authors. In the section VAS-A Post Score, they report a x value of 4.46 with a p of ,.05. My calculation yields a x value of 3.61 with a "trend" level value of significance of p , .06. The next section, CO2-Induced Panic Attacks, states that panic attacks occurred in "twenty-one first-degree relatives (44%) and 12 control subjects (12%)." Clearly 12/50 is not 12%, so this must be wrong. Then, a x value identical to that reported in the above paragraph (i.e., 4.46, p , .05) is reported here. But this cannot be correct. My calculation yields a x value of 2.895 with a "trend" level of significance of p , .09. These are two critical values upon which hinge the "take home message" from this study. It would be helpful to the field if the authors could clarify these inconsistencies in the presentation of the data.


EDITORS, We read with great interest the study by McCurdy et al1 which re‐ ported the incidence and risk factors for post‐discharge venous throm‐ boembolic events (VTE) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They demonstrated that older age, a higher elixhauser comorbid‐ ity index, requirement for multiple admissions, longer length of admis‐ sion, intensive care admissions and requirement for a central venous catheter were associated with post‐discharge VTE risk. However, ex‐ posure to immunosuppressive medications (corticosteroids or anti‐ TNF therapy) at the time of hospitalisation was not associated with post‐discharge VTE risk.1 Of note, a recent meta‐analysis by Sarlos et al showed that corticosteroids (odds ratio [OR] 2.202, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.698‐2.856, P < 0.001) and anti‐TNFα agents exposure (OR 0.267, 95% CI 0.106‐0.674, P = 0.005) significantly influenced the overall risk of VET in patients with IBD.2 Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the association between IBD‐related med‐ ication exposure and the risk of post‐discharge VTE in IBD patients. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases for observational studies investigating associations be‐ tween IBD‐related medication exposure (corticosteroid, biologic or immunomodulator) and the risk of VTE within 6 months after hospital discharge in patients with IBD‐related hospitalisation or surgery, pub‐ lished before June 2019. Conference proceedings and references of selected retrieved articles were also searched. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Summary estimates were presented as ORs with 95% CI. A P‐value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Four studies were included in this meta‐analysis, comprising 36 209 patients with IBD‐related hospitalisation or surgery; of these, 615 de‐ veloped VTE after hospital discharge.1,3‐5 These studies investigated the impact of previous exposure (before hospitalisation, during hospi‐ talisation or preoperative exposure) to IBD‐related medications on the risk of VTE after hospital discharge. Previous corticosteroid exposure significantly increased the risk of post‐discharge VTE (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.46‐2.07, P < 0.001; Figure 1A). When analysis focused on IBD pa‐ tients who underwent surgery, the pooled OR was in line with overall result (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.44‐2.10, P < 0.001; Figure 1B). The effects of biologics (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.80‐1.82, P = 0.368) and immunomodula‐ tors (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.74‐2.53, P = 0.317) on risk of post‐discharge VTE were not statistically significant (Figure 1A). No statistically significant heterogeneity was identified among these studies. Several limitations should be considered in this meta‐analysis. First, only four studies were included. Second, the included studies were variable in terms of study design, population characteristics and effect estimates. Therefore, the pooled results should be inter‐ preted cautiously. In conclusion, our meta‐analysis shows that previous exposure to corticosteroids significantly increases the risk of post‐discharge VTE in IBD patients. This suggests that the risk of post‐discharge VTE in this population should be evaluated carefully. In addition, more prospective studies are needed to determine the effect of biologics and immunomodulators on post‐discharge VTE risk in IBD patients.


In order to improve the innovative ability of students majoring in pharmacology,a practice platform was open to students.The experimental projects and the organization of the open platform were introduced.The management of the platform was also summarized.All in all,the construction of the platform will be helpful to improve the innovative ability of students.


Objective:To introduce an improved method which treats liver cancer by dehydrated alcohol injection.Methods:The curative effects in and the side effects of this improved method were compared with the traditional method.Results:Improved dehydrated alcohol injection method enhance shot volume and dispersion ratio distinctly compared with conventional injection.The curative effect of the improved method was better comparatively.(P0.01).The curative effect was better if the diameter of tumor is larger than 3cm.On the other hand,the improved method can reduce alcohol external eruption and relived pain greatly,which can be accepted by patient easily.Conclusion:The new method has evident advantage at curative effect and side effect.


A small device available commercially uses litmus paper and a spectro-photometer to analyze vapors from hot liquid asphalt binders and mixtures to determine the percentage of antistripping additive present. Approximately 60 five-point additive content–color index count regressions were performed on binders and mixtures to determine how well the device measured additive content. The regressions basically fit the quadratic format used by the manufacturer in the recommended calibration process. The regressions were best when the litmus color index count was calculated by subtracting the initial count of the blank strip from the final count after exposure from the mixtures. Changes to the instrument software and testing temperature were necessary as the investigation progressed to accommodate different grades of binders. After the planned testing was completed, some retesting of the binders was performed with the use of modified equipment and procedures. The changes appeared to improve the consistency of the results. Test results with mixtures were less accurate than for binders; however, if the vapor trap is modified as described, the accuracy for mixtures should be improved substantially. Because the test can be performed quickly, it would be possible to perform multiple tests on a sample. Multiple tests would increase the confidence of the test results.


Abstract 985 Despite advances in clinical care, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an almost universally fatal disease. Velcade, a novel proteasome inhibitor represents a promising new clinical strategy for relapsed and refractory MM. However, only 30–40% of MM patients respond to this treatment. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of velcade resistance, we examined the differentially expressed proteins between 8226S (velcade sensitive) and 8226R5 (velcade resistant) myeloma cell lines using iTRAQ mass spectrometry (MS). The MS based multiple-reaction-monitoring technique (MRM) was then used to independently verify the quantitative differences of the protein expression levels between the two cell lines. We identified several cancer specific proteins to be highly differentially expressed between 8226S and 8226R5 by iTRAQ mass spectrometry. Of particular interest is Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate (MARCKS), a PKC substrate that has been implicated in conferring drug resistance to ovarian carcinoma cells. Differential expression of MARCKS between sensitive and resistant cells was verified by MRM and then confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. MARCKS over-expression was also found in additional MM cell lines as well as patient samples that were resistant to velcade. Knockdown of MARCKS through siRNA strategies enhanced velcade sensitivity by increasing apoptosis in the velcade treated resistant cell line 8226R5. Moreover, inhibition of PKC, the upstream activator of MARCKS by enzastaurin significantly blocked phosphorylation of MARCKS leading to a caspase dependent apoptosis in the 8226R5 cells. In addition, enzastaurin enhanced velcade proteosome inhibitory effect and rendered the 8226R5 cells more sensitive to velcade treatment. Combination of velcade with enzastaurin showed a synergistic cytotoxic response in MM cells compared to either drug used alone. Furthermore, knockdown of MARCKS or inhibition of MARCKS phosphorylation by enzastaurin led to a decrease in Skp2 expression and an increase in p27 and p21, as well as a reduction of cyclin E and CDK2, resulting in G1/S cell cycle arrest and an increase in apoptosis in MM cells. Taken together our results suggest that phosphorylated MARCKS plays an important role in velcade resistance in MM and as such may be used as an important therapeutic target. In addition, MARCKS may be a biomarker to select patients that would most benefit from patient specific treatment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Two kinds of product standards of OCP viscosity index improver constituted separately by SINOPEC and PetroChina in different ages are compared. Due to the increase of product targets, the new standard from PetroChina will be more practical for blending plants while the OCP is checked and used.


Malnutrition remains a major threat to the survival, growth and development of children. In response to this major challenge, and one of the key decisions of Prime Minister's Council on India's Nutrition Challenges, Ministry of Women and Child Development prepared an Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign against malnutrition. The overall objective of this nationwide IEC campaign against malnutrition is to address issues of status of women, the care of pregnant mothers and children under two, breastfeeding and the importance of balanced nutrition and health. The present article highlights the important points associated with this campaign and are extracted from the HIFA Quotations (short extracts from HIFA discussions) from HIFA discussions on the HealthPhone: Laying the Foundation for Combating Malnutrition in India.


We find a geometrical description from a field theoretical setup based on Wilson's renormalization group in real space. We show that renormalization group equations of coupling parameters encode the metric structure of an emergent curved space, regarded to be an Einstein equation for the emergent gravity. Self-consistent equations of local order-parameter fields with an emergent metric turn out to describe low energy dynamics of a strongly coupled field theory, analogous to the Maxwell equation of the Einstein-Maxwell theory in the AdSd+2/CFTd+1 duality conjecture. We claim that the AdS3/CFT2 duality may be interpreted as Landau-Ginzburg theory combined with Wilson's renormalization group, which introduces vertex corrections into the Landau-Ginzburg theory in the large Ns limit, where Ns is the number of fermion flavors.


The Qing Dynasty attached comparatively more importance to military medical insurance system.Medical officers were sent to the front for the treatment of the sick and wounded when being outside Shanhaiguan pass.Medical insurance system was established gradually and wounds and diseases were actively prevented and treated in armies after being inside Shanhaiguan pass,based on which Xiang-Huai Army and the New Army in their middle and late periods constantly developed and initially established modernized military medical insurance system.


There is a major difference between completing a project and completing a project that is judged as a project completed in a quality manner, it is not enough to just get something done!!! What is much more important is to complete a project what is judged as to be a work of quality. If one aims at quality at the onset one can maximize the probability of completing the project while reducing the risk of failure. One of the earliest pioneers in the field of QUALITY is W. Edwards Deming. Some consider Japan's post World War 2 economic recovery as truly miraculous and the person given much of the credit for guiding Japan to this recovery was an American named W. Edwards Deming. Deming did this by reinforcing the importance of applying principles of Total Quality Management through the recovery, The Prime Minister of Japan awarded Dr. Deming with one of the most prestigious awards that can be earned in Japan when he awarded Deming Japan's Order of the Sacred Treasure, Second Class. This article will detail the importance of these principles for reducing risk.


For many years the standard treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma with chemotherapeutic agents, including temozolomide (TMZ) and dacarbazine (DTIC), has been unsuccessful. The paradigm shift in melanoma treatment occurred with the identification of mutations in the BRAF gene that leads to a constitutively active BRAF V600E protein. This resulted in the development of BRAF mutant targeted therapies with small molecule inhibitors and showed favorable response in patients harboring BRAF mutations. However, most patients relapse due to acquired resistance to the inhibitors and biomarkers that can predict the therapy response is still lacking. In the first study we assessed the protein expression of melanosome related proteins in tumor biopsies from melanoma patients with different response to DTIC or TMZ. We found that expression of MITF and GPR143 was significantly higher in tumor samples from patients that did not respond to chemotherapy. In the second study we performed whole proteome profiling utilizing mass spectrometry based proteomics on pretreatment biopsies from melanoma patients receiving DTIC/TMZ. Our data showed a significant association between high expression of S100A13 protein and resistance to chemotherapy. Third study focused on identification of mediators of resistance to BRAF inhibitors. We therefore, established mutant BRAF inhibitor resistant sublines of BRAF V600E mutated melanoma cell line A375. By performing mass spectrometry based proteomics we identified several overexpressed proteins in the resistant sublines. We found two novel resistance mediators, aminopeptidase N (ANPEP/CD13) and FLI1 as well as the previously known receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2 to be overexpressed and demonstrated to mediate vemurafenib resistance in our resistant sublines. Finally, we suggest that combination of vemurafenib with the multi kinase inhibitor dasatinib can overcome resistance in the melanoma cell lines. In the fourth study the efficiency of combining BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 with TMZ was evaluated in melanoma cell lines with variable sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors. We observed a schedule dependency in the response to the combination of PLX4720 with TMZ and further investigations indicated involvement of DNA damage response activation after PLX4720 treatment. Depletion of DNA repair protein MGMT by lomeguatrib abrogated the schedule dependency effect. Moreover, inhibition of ATR or disruption of the MDM2-p53 interaction by ATR inhibitor or nutlin-3, respectively, synergized with PLX4720 in induction of apoptosis. This thesis highlights some potential key molecular markers mediating resistance to chemo and targeted therapies in cutaneous malignant melanoma and emphasizes on the importance of using drug combination modalities as a way to overcome or bypass innate or acquired resistance. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. Carolina Hertzman Johansson, Alireza Azimi, Marianne Frostvik Stolt, Seyedmehdi Shojaee, Henning Wiberg, Eva Grafström, Johan Hansson and Suzanne Egyházi Brage. Association of MITF and other melanosomerelated proteins with chemoresistance in melanoma tumors and cell lines. Melanoma Research 2013, 23:360–365 II. Alireza Azimi*, Maria Pernemalm*, Marianne Frostvik Stolt, Johan Hansson, Janne Lehtiö, Suzanne Egyházi Brage and Carolina Hertzman Johansson. Proteomics analysis of melanoma metastases: association between S100A13 expression and chemotherapy resistance. British Journal of Cancer (2014) 110, 2489–2495 | doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.169 III. Alireza Azimi; Rainer Tuominen; Fernanda Costa Svedman; Stefano Caramuta; Maria Pernemalm; Marianne Frostvik Stolt; Lena Kanter; Pedram Kharaziha; Janne Lehtiö; Carolina Hertzman Johansson; Veronica Höiom; Johan Hansson; Suzanne Egyházi Brage. CD13/ANPEP, FLI1 and ligand independent EPHA2 activation mediate vemurafenib resistance in human melanoma cells. Manuscript IV. Alireza Azimi, Rainer Tuominen, Hanif Rassool Zadeh, Samaneh Ghashghaei, Marianne Frostvik Stolt, Marianne Farnebo, Carolina Hertzman Johansson and Suzanne Egyházi Brage. BRAF inhibition induces DNA damage response in melanoma cells. Manuscript *Authors contributed equally TABLE OF CONTENTS


My talk today will be successful if I am able to persuade some scholars to study commercial interactions between strangers, a class of social interaction that has been neglected by researchers interested in social issues. Interactions between a provider of goods or services and a customer who are strangers to each other are important because they are now so common, a by-product of the modern service economy. In my talk today, I review and describe the traditional way services have been delivered—in relationships—and a newer way service is delivered—in service "encounters," where a customer interacts with a different service provider, or even a machine, each time she needs the same kind of service. I will describe some research findings relating to how these two forms of service delivery differ and how the recipients of service respond to these different forms of service delivery. I will then describe some areas for future research, drawing on existing theories (such as attribution theory and stereotyping), and show how they apply to the study of service interactions.


To determine whether Tax Increment Financing (TIF) triggers or captures growth, we examine the relationship between expenditures and property value change in Chicago's TIF districts. A regression model relates spending type, which varies from infrastructure to developer subsidies, to a district's property value growth between 2002 and 2012. Results show variation in the impact of spending, with subsidies for commercial development having the clearest positive relationship while infrastructure spending has a negative effect. Although trends are less clear over the long run, these differences underscore how the effectiveness of TIF cannot be surmised without accounting for variations in spending.


Objective It is well known that vaccines and national immunization program have helped to protect peoples,especially the children from infectious diseases such as smallpox,polio,measles and pertussis across the globe.However,adverse events may occur following immunization,which may lead to public concerns about the vaccine safety.Such concerns may threaten the success of an immunization program.Prompt and appropriate responses to adverse events can help to avoid the negative impacts to the National Immunization Program of China.


An effective technique has been developed for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in the petunia (Petunia hybrida pendula). Leaf explants were taken from shoots cultured in vitro for at least two years. Transformation was performed on four dates (January 26, March 23, August 3, and November 26). In control explants, kanamycin significantly inhibited organogenesis and rhizogenesis at 25 mg l -1 , and totally inhibited organogenesis and rhizogenesis at 100 mg l -1 . Explants which regenerated shoots and formed roots in the presence of 100 mg l -1 kanamycin were presumed to be transgenic. Only six transgenic plants were obtained from 216 leaf explants inoculated with Agrobacterium. Incorporation of the nptH gene into the plant genome was confirmed by PCR with specific primers. Expression of the gusintron gene was confirmed histochemically. Transformation date had a significant effect on transformation effectiveness. Transformation was most efficient in November (6.15%) and least efficient in August (0%). As expected, expression of the gus-intron gene had no significant effect on the phenotype of transgenic plants.


On the one hand,the free trade system of WTO advances the cultural trade;On the other hand,such system leads to the monopolized market of certain cultural products and services so that the cultural diversity faces severe challenges.The cultural trade which is of economic sense,concerns the survival and development of national cultures."Cultural exception" in the WTO system and "Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions" outside the WTO frame reflect the dual nature of international trade of culture and the relationship between cultural trade and cultural diversity.However,it is necessary to create an effective mechanism to coordinate the WTO obligations and the duties of the above convention,which is a challenge that will influence the future of the WTO system as same as the problem of environment.


In this paper is presented the application of a new calculation program to study the pavement subsurface drainage. The fundamental characteristics of the program are analysed and their application in the simulation of pavement hydrodinamical behaviour is described. As an application example, the drainage of a pavement base course is described in function of their permeability.


This research aim to know the influence of leadership transformasional to employeesperformance and also to know the influence of leadership transformasional to employeesperformance which moderating by discipline. Object research is employees PD. BPR Bapas69 Regency Magelang and executed in May - July 2009. This sampel research as much 52responder from 60 responder used with the method of purposive sampling. Analyzer used byregresion. Result of research indicate that, by simultan is variable of leadership oftransformasional and discipline have an effect on to performance. Variable leadership oftransformasional and discipline have an effect on to performance of equal to 39,2% while therest of equal to 60,8% influenced by the other;dissimilar variable which not checked. Byparsial there are influence which are positive leadership transformasional to employeesperformance. There are influence which are positive and signifikan from interaction ofleadership transformasional with the discipline to employees performance.


The purpose of this study was to determine internal strengths and weaknesses boutique in achieving goals and external factors into the opportunities and threats that affect the activity and determine Keika boutique business development strategies that can be run at Boutique Keika Jl . Tb Simatupang Commercial Complex No. Palm Mas . 119 ii field . In this study, the method used is descriptive method with qualitative data . Data were obtained from observations , interviews and literature study . Informants in this study were divided into two groups , namely the determination of key informant informant using purposive sampling is Keika boutique owners and key informants using accidental sampling , namely consumers and customers Keika boutiques . Based       on        theresults         of research conductedin the fieldindicatethatKeikaBoutiquehas a strategytoexpand its business. Analysis usingthe SWOTmatrixproducesomestrategiesthatcan be runboutiquekeikatoexpand its businessthatimprovecustomercomfort, improve product qualityandcustomerservice, createnew productsespeciallywomen's clothingthat ismore variedandinnovative, improve knowledgeaboutconsumer appetite forfashion products, Increase the number ofemployees soemployees canwork optimally, makinga member cardtoapply theterms and conditionswhich can beused by consumers toget discounts, maintaininggood relationshipswithsuppliers tomaintain product qualityandimprove andadd to thepromotional activities.


Synopsis A fundamental comparison theorem is established for general semilinear parabolic systems via the notions of sectorial operators, analytic semigroups and the application of the Tychonoff Fixed Point Theorem. Based on this result, we establish a maximum principle for systems of general parabolic operators and general comparison theorems for parabolic systems with quasimonotone or mixed quasimonotone nonlinearities. These results cover and extend most currently used forms of maximum principles and comparison theorems. A global existence theorem for parabolic systems is derived as an application which, in particular, gives rise to some global existence results for Fujita type systems and certain generalisations.


The binaural acoustics of conventional, dipolar and panel loudspeakers are compared, using both anechoic measurements with a dummy head, and numerical simulation. The results are compared both objectively and psychoacoustically using a binaural localisation model. 0 Introduction Loudspeakers are routinely characterised by single, on-axis microphone measurements. For a conventional monopole-like source with a reasonably wide directivity that only changes slowly with listening angle and frequency, it is assumed that this measurement is reasonably representative of the signal reaching the ears-at least under near anechoic conditions. A previous paper [1] has shown that this approach in not necessarily valid, especially for complex acoustic sources such bending-wave transducers. This paper will demonstrate that the on-axis response is actually of limited use as acoustic measurement, in that merely reflects the driving force and the size of the baffle. Exploratory measurements were made of direct radiating loudspeakers using both microphone and dummy head under anechoic conditions. Comparisons between left-ear and right-ear responses showed that even with relatively simple sources, there were noticeable differences. Slight asymmetries in the loudspeaker, such as the placement of a reflex port, resulted in disturbances in the acoustic field produced by the loudspeaker, the frequencies affected having a simple wavelength relationship to the scale of asymmetry. The binaural dummy head measurements were presented to the Lindemann-Gaik binaural Iocalisation model [2][3]. Despite being small and distant from the dummy head, a conventional loudspeaker was shown to produce a systematic localisation error at higher frequencies. In contrast, the image of a much larger panel loudspeaker sbowed less error and was more consistent across the frequency range. The loudspeaker microphone responses were co-equalised to give identical on-axis measurements, and the equalisations then applied to the binaural model. The spatially complex nature of the acoustic field meant that the localisation results were not equalised by this procedure. These early results encouraged the authors to investigate the issues more fully, using both measurement and simulation. Numerical simulation using a commercial Finite Element Analysis package [4] was employed, in both the time and frequency domains, to help understand the formation and evolution of the complex acoustic fields generated by loudspeakers interacting with a head. 1 Layout of Paper The paper begins in section 2 by introducing the loudspeaker types. It then discusses aspects of numerical modelling in sections 3 and 4, presenting results in section 5. Sections 6 and 7 cover the measurement of actual loudspeakers. …


The substrates most utilized for the production of forest seedling in Mexico are Peat and forest soil; however, the high cost of the forest production, creates the necessity and search for alternative substrates, which must be capable of promoting healthy and good quality plant. There are many byproducts of different productive processes that can be used as a substitute for peat in forest nurseries. The residues form the Shiitake mushroom production (Lentinula edodes) has not yet been characterized, therefore, its potential, as an alternative substrate remains unknown. It was conducted a physical and chemical characterization of the compost made from the residues of Shiitake mushroom production as well as an evaluation of the germination of Pinus Pseudostrobus at nursery. The compost showed a 4.37% content of N, 0.904% K, and 0.117% P, additionally it has a porosity of 30% among other physical and chemical properties. After 30 days of sowing, the plants that developed in the Shiitake compost 50%+vermiculite 25%+perlite 25%, presented a 92% of seedling, which was higher than the control treatment (Peat Moss 33%+vermiculite 33%+perlite 33%). From the results obtained, it is proposed that the substrate based on the compost from cultivation of Shiitake, allows a high germination rate contributing to the forestry sector.


A filter bonnet for an open-top cage comprises a filter top 220 adapted to cover the open top of a cage and a shield 250. The filter top has a body portion with a perforated top wall 222 and side walls 230 extending therefrom forming an open bottom end. The shield is permanently affixed to the top wall and is disposed within an area defined by the side walls. The shield includes a shield top wall 252, shield side walls 256 extending from the top wall at right angles and a flange 258 extending from the shield side wall at right angles. The shield is affixed to filter top top wall at a predetermined distance from filter top by using spacers 260 extending from the shield side wall and dimples 262 extending from the shield flange. The filter bonnet also includes a filter retainer 210, comprising a perforated retainer top wall 214 and retainer side walls 216 forming an open bottom end and being detachably secured to the filter top.


Experimental investigations, recently performed on mixed-mode in concrete emphasize the path-dependency and, inducing localization, are strongly affected by specific phenomena linked to the heterogeneity material such as aggregate interlock. In the framework non-local damage mechanics a new to model cracking by means of a non-local anelastic strain tensor presented. The model able to take into account the induced anisotropy due to cracking, the position, the mean openings and the residual ...... JI. ... .., ........... ..,..., stresses transmitted along the cracks. With reference to experimented paths, some comparisons are in order to check the reliability of the model, and highlight some problems related to the non-local nature of the model.


I n an earlier article (Vance, Wallbrown, & Blaha 1978), the results of a profile analysis of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children — Revised (WISC-R) subtest scores for reading disabled children were described. The analysis was concerned only with profile shape, since level and dispersion were controlled through a selection of the students included in the study. Level was controlled to some extent by excluding those students with Full-Scale WISC-R IQs less than 85. Dispersion was controlled by excluding students who failed to show an appreciable variability in their WISC-R profiles from the study. The original sample consisted of 128 children, but 24 were not included in this study because their WISC-R profiles were relatively flat, or showed minimal dispersion. An analysis of the WISC-R profiles for the 104 children remaining in the sample showed five ability patterns that can be used to help develop remedial strategies. The five profiles obtained in the analysis were Distractibility, Perceptual Organization, Language Disability-Automatic, Language Disability-Pervasive, and Behavioral Comprehension and Coding. Most students (75$) had WISC-R profiles that showed considerable similarity to one of these ability patterns (syndromes). The profiles of some students (14$) tended to split evenly between syndromes or showed only minimal similarity to any of the five syndromes. These findings suggest that WISC-R


In this paper, for the case of 3-dimensional manifolds, we solve the Palis problem on finding necessary and sufficient conditions for a Morse-Smale cascade to embed in a topological flow. The set of such cascades is open in the space of all diffeomorphisms, while the set of arbitrary diffeomorphisms that embed in a smooth flow is nowhere dense. Also, we consider a class of diffeomorphisms that embed in a topological flow and prove that a complete topological invariant for this class is similar to the Andronova-Maier scheme and the Peixoto graph. Bibliography: 26 titles.


In field experiments, the nectar and pollen levels of Aralia hispida inflorescences were independently manipulated. In the absence of Vespula spp., Bombus spp. workers (the primary pollinators) app...


A general framework of stochastic model for a multitype branching random walk in random environments is introduced.We consult the classification of the system under the codition that the branching process is not extinct.We also get the sufficient and necessarily conditions to ensure the transience or strong recurrence of the system is that there exist functions satisfy some properties defined on integer.Finally,we give the sufficient condition to ensure strong transience of the system.


A new test facility was constructed at the NASA Lewis Research Center Rocket Laboratory for the purpose of conducting rocket propulsion research at up to 8.9 kN (2000 lbf) thrust, using liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen propellants. A laser room adjacent to the test cell provides access to the rocket engine for advanced laser diagnostic systems. The size and location of the test cell provide the ability to conduct large amounts of testing in short time periods, with rapid turnover between programs. These capabilities make the new test facility an important asset for basic and applied rocket propulsion research.


The technical and economic feasibility of using ultraviolet (uv) light as a viable alternative to chlorine as the required disinfectant for onsite sand filter effluents discharged to surface waters in Maine was determined. To obtain a reliable cross section of performance for sand filters in Maine, 74 filters were selected for an effluent characterization program. The effluent characterization study allowed general conclusions to be made with regard to the potential of uv disinfection. A simple suspended lamp uv disinfection unit was designed, constructed, and tested in the laboratory and in the field. The efficiency of the uv disinfection unit was determined through field testing at 10 of the 74 sand filter sites used in the effluent characterization program.


The present invention, for modulating cell differentiation, DUB3 proteins, nucleic acid molecules encoding said proteins, or to the use of inhibitors of the activity and / or expression of said protein. .BACKGROUND


In the present Part II, the kinetic numerical model discussed in detail in Part I, is applied to the huge amount of experimental data collected by the authors. Rheometer curves are fitted numerically for three different curing temperatures, for all the curing agents investigated at a concentration equal to 150%, which have proved to be the most adequate to obtain optimal crosslinking of the EPDM under consideration. The comparisons with experimental data at three different temperatures allow estimating partial kinetic constants of the model as a function of the absolute temperature, with a direct comparison with simplified formulas provided by the peroxide producers. The application of the numerical kinetic model to a large variety of real scale examples allows a direct validation of the capabilities of the approach proposed, as well as an evaluation of the most suitable production parameters to use in practice (curing time and temperature, concentration and typology of the curing agents) in order to maximize rubber output mechanical properties and crosslink homogeneity, without the need to perform costly experimental campaign.


Introduction This article in the EuroIntervention Tools & Techniques series provides the "how-to-do" plus "tips & tricks" for carotid artery stenting (CAS). The complete, unabridged e-version with dynamic images can be viewed at www.eurointervention.org. The following is a summary and highlights the key approach that underpins a safe practice and the way to obtain good results. Endovascular carotid intervention was developed due to a need to provide a less-invasive and less-traumatic revascularisation strategy for patients considered high-risk for open surgery. The currents of rapid advancement in endovascular technologies and techniques over the last 10 years has resulted in the evolution of CAS to a refined procedure with great potential to be applied to routine carotid revascularisation practice. The benchmark for perioperative stroke or death for carotid revascularisation is the limit of 6% for symptomatic and 3% for asymptomatic patients.


The invention discloses a feed capable of increasing the milk yield of milk cows. The feed comprises silage, wheat bran, corns, carrots, soybean meal, copper sulfate, tricalcium phosphate, fish liver oil, sodium selenite, sodium bicarbonate, salt, maize germ meal, brewer grains, red bean, fumaric acid and a Chinese herbal medicine mixture. By matching Chinese herbal medicines and other nutritional ingredients, the feed has functions of activating blood and promoting lactation, tonifying kidney, qi and spleen, and enhancing immunity of bodies, is rich in various nutrient substances required by the milk cows during growth, has no hormone and chemical residual, can promote the healthy growth of the milk cows, and can increase the yield of high-quality milk.


BACKGROUND: Compared with elective surgical procedures, emergency procedures are associated with higher cost, morbidity, and mortality. This study seeks to investigate potential state‐by‐state variations in the incidence of emergent versus elective colon resections. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all adult patients (aged >=18 years) included in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2009 who underwent hemicolectomy (right or left) or sigmoidectomy was conducted. Discharge‐level weights were applied, and generalized linear models were used to assess the odds of a patient undergoing emergent versus elective colon surgery nationally and for each state after adjusting for patient and hospital factors. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with the national average as the reference. RESULTS: The final study cohort included 203,050 observations composed of 83,090 emergent and 119,960 elective colectomies. The state with the highest unadjusted proportion of emergent procedures was Nevada (53.6%), whereas Texas had the lowest (2.8%). Compared with the national average, the adjusted odds of undergoing emergency colectomy remained highest in Nevada (OR, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.54–1.87) and lowest in Texas (OR, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.51). CONCLUSION: Substantial state variations exist in rates of emergency colon surgery within the United States. Identification of these differences suggests significant variations in practice and a potential to decrease the number of emergent colon operations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.


The invention relates to a portable device for viewing an image, in particular a stereo image, comprising a housing that is provided with an image, an optical unit and two viewing orifices. According to the invention, the image is generated by means of an electronically controllable display and the device is provided with elements that permit an external image data unit to supply the display with electronic image data by means of an image memory that is integrated into the housing and/or via an interface in a wireless manner. In addition, the device is equipped with a location determination unit for displaying corresponding mono or stereo images. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


This paper presents two novel applications of deep learning algorithm-based recommender systems, Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) and Deep Hybrid Filtering (DHF), for disease diagnosis. Two datasets, first dataset with all diseases and the second dataset with 50 most commonly occurring diseases, were derived from the MIMIC database. The testing, validation and training accuracy of the model with reduced dataset (50 ICD code) was lower (~ 80%) than the model trained on all ICD-9 codes (~ 90%). The model using all ICD codes performed better (80%), also in terms of hit ratio@10, compared to the model with 50 ICD-9 codes (35%). Reasons for a superior performance with dataset using all ICD can be mainly attributed to the higher volume of data and the powerful nature of deep learning algorithms. Compared to literature reports, the novel approach of using deep recommender systems performed well. Results from the deep hybrid filtering model show better in training accuracy (93.75%) compared to NCF model (90.82%), indicating that the addition of text data from clinical notes provided improved performance in predicting comorbidity. The deep learning-based recommender systems have shown promise in accurately predicting subject disease co-occurrence.


The next govenment must recover every sectors including monetary. The syariah bank will push the realization of monetary inter-mediation. With its different business charateristics to conventional banks, syariah banks are hoped to be able to hush up fluctuation in inter-mediation monetary business in Indonesia. In addition, with the large number of moslems, Bank Indonesia along together with goverment should have strengthen the role of syariah banks, not only on monetary inter-mediation but also on other monetary services .


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of the sleeve type guide growth rod sliding automatically with the growth of piglet spine.

Methods
Fourteen 4-month-old piglets were randomly divided into growth rod group (n=8) and control group (n=6). Animals in growth rod group were implanted with the sleeve type guide growth rod system through the small incision of the tho-racodorsal. Whereas ones in control group were just expose the bilateral lamina. On the day of surgery, 6 and 12 weeks of postop-eration, all piglets accepted the spinal X-ray examination. Measured the mean height of T8, T9 vertebral bodies, the average height of T7-8, T8-9, T9-10 discs and the mean length of the rods through X-ray film. Spinal MRI was measured 3 months after the operation. The morphological changes of the plate were observed after HE staining. The morphological changes of the nucleus pulposus cells were observed and the thickness of the growth plate and the length of the growth bar were measured.

Results
Two piglets of growth rod group did not complete the experiment, 1 piglet died of aspiration due to anesthesia resuscitation, and 1 piglet had in-fection after operation. The average height of T8, T9 vertebral bodies of the piglets in the growth rod group on the day after surgery and 3 months after operation was 18.26±3.26 mm and 27.15±4.18 mm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=16.868, P=0.002). Similarly, the mean height of T7-8, T8-9, T9-10 discs of the piglets in growth rod group on the day after surgery and 3 months of postoperation was 1.79±0.24 mm and 2.14±0.23 mm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(F=6.455, P=0.029). The average height of T8, T9 vertebral bodies in the control group on the day after surgery and 3 months after operation was 17.86±3.50 mm and 28.63±4.45 mm, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (F=21.654, P=0.001). Similarly, the mean height of T7-8, T8-9, T9-10 discs in control group at the day after surgery and 3 months of postoperation was 1.78±0.27 mm and 2.17±0.30 mm, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (F=5.928, P=0.035). There was no statistically significant difference in average height between T8 and T9 vertebral bodies in growth rod group and the control group at 3 months after operation (F=0.352, P=0.566). Similarly, There was no statistically significant difference in average height of T7-8、T8-9、T9-10 discs in growth rod group and the control group at 3 months after operation (F=0.053, P=0.823). The average sliding length of the growth rod in growth rod was 65.74 mm. Furthermore, growth plate chondrocytes and nucleus pulposus cells in EG and SG, all showed that the cells were arranged in order, the cell volume was large, the shape was round and the cytoplasm was rich. Simultaneously, there was no significant difference between the two groups in growth plate chondrocytes (P>0.05).

Conclusion
The sleeve type guiding growing rod can automatically slip to extend due to the driving force of young pig's spine growth, without obvious effects on the normal growth of piglet's spine.

Key words:
Scoliosis; Orthopedic fixation devices; Internal fixators


The gravitational instability of strongly coupled dusty plasma (SCDP) is studied considering degenerate and non-degenerate dusty plasma situations. The SCDP system is assumed to be composed of the electrons, ions, neutrals, and strongly coupled dust grains. First, in the high density regime, due to small interparticle distance, the electrons are considered degenerate, whereas the neutrals, dust grains, and ions are treated non-degenerate. In this case, the dynamics of inertialess electrons are managed by Fermi pressure and Bohm potential, while the inertialess ions are by only thermal pressure. Second, in the non-degenerate regime, both the electrons and ions are governed by the thermal pressure. The generalized hydrodynamic model and the normal mode analysis technique are employed to examine the low frequency waves and gravitational instability in both degenerate and non-degenerate cases. The general dispersion relation is discussed for a characteristic timescale which provides two regimes of frequency, ...


tarczycy, a ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent skin disease, affecting 1.5-3% of the population. It is characterized by abnormal epidermal proliferation, immunological disturbances with predominance of Th1 response and complex pathogenesis. Among many factors inducing the disease, hormonal disturbances seem to be a very interesting, but still not well recognized problem. Based on current literature data, we evaluated the possible role of selected hormones: sex hormones, hypothalamic-pituit-ary-adrenal axis hormones, thyroid hormones, prolactin and growth hormone in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by benign proliferation of epidermal cells. The most important seems to be: excessive divisions of keratinocytes in the basal-cell layer, its abnormal maturation and increase of angiogenesis. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is regarded as a factor playing probably the major role in pathogenesis of psoriasis. It regula-tes cell growth, and stimulates proliferation and differentiation through binding with the EGF receptor (EGFR). In active psoriatic lesions regular increase of EGFR expression in all layers of the epidermis is observed. Blockage of EGFR with monoclonal antibodies inhibits proliferation of keratinocytes. In this review article we present data on the importance of EGF in pathogenesis of human skin diseases, indicating the need for further studies on its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.


The invention relates to a peptide agonist compound KISS1R capable of inducing ovulation in a female mammal, selected from a C-terminal sequence of pseudo-peptide: -Xaa1 Ψ [Tz] Xaa2-Xaa3-Xaa4-NH2 (SEQ ID NO : 3), where Ψ [Tz] represents a 1,2,3-triazole-1,4-disubstituted group replacing the peptide bond between residue Xaa1 and Xaa2 residue, Xaa1 is Gly or Ala, Xaa 2 is Leu or a residue α-amino acyl analogue aliphatic, Xaa3 is Arg, Arg (me), or an α-amino acyl positively charged residue like, Xaa 4 is Tyr, Phe, Trp or α-amino acyl analogue type aryl alanine residue; an analogue of the pseudo-peptide sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 wherein the peptide amide bond between Xaa2 and Xaa3 and / or between Xaa 3 and Xaa 4 is replaced by an isostere bond; or a salt thereof.


By drawing on the life histories of 20 former and current heroin and methadone users in Yunnan Province, this essay explores the history, the logic, and the functioning of China's anti-drugs camps. It shows how the tight intertwining of public health and public security models to fight against drug use has given rise to a contradictory policy landscape, whereby medical support always coincides with physical violence, social exclusion, and continuous surveillance of the bodies and the movements of Chinese addicts. Punish and Cure Forced Detox Camps, Reeducation through Labour, and the Contradictions of China's War on Drugs


Mathematics Education and Language?was one of the focuses of the modern studies in mathematics education. By brief comparison, this paper firstly pointed out some main differences between China and the related studies outside in this respect; and then, through introducing some representative works, the main contents of the related studies in the world in this respect and its trend of development were also discussed in this paper.


All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSBs) enabled by solid-state electrolytes (SEs) including oxide-based and sulfide-based electrolytes, have gained worldwide attention because of their intrinsic safety and higher energy density over conventional lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, despite the high ionic conductivity of advanced SEs, ASSBs still exhibit high overall internal resistance, the most significant contributor of which can be ascribed to the cathode-SE interfaces. In this review, we aim to clarify the critical issues regarding cathode-SE interfaces, including fundamental principles and corresponding solutions. First, major issues concerning electro-chemo-mechanical instability between cathodes and SEs and their formation mechanisms are discussed. Then specific problems in oxides and sulfides and various solutions and strategies toward interfacial modifications are highlighted. Resultful efforts toward characterization and analysis of cathode-SE interfaces with advanced techniques are also summarized. Finally, we conclude by proposing perspectives on several problems demanding urgent solution and future development of SE application and ASSBs.


Boiling heat transfer characteristics of liquid nitrogen in a stainless steel plain tube and wire coil inserted tubes were investigated. The test tubes, which had an inner diameter of 10.6 m and a length of 1.65 m, were horizontally located. Five wire coils having different pitch and thickness were inserted into the plain tube. The pitches of the wire coils were 18.4, 27.6, and 36.8 m, and the thickness was 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mm respectively. Tests were conducted at a saturation temperature of , mass fluxes from 58 to 105 kg/, and heat fluxes from 22.5 to 32.7 kw/. A direct heating method was used to apply heat to the test section. The boiling heat transfer coefficients of liquid nitrogen were represented as a function of vapor quality, which showed significant drop at the dryout vapor quality. The maximum heat transfer enhancement using the wire coil inserted tubes over the plain tube was for `Wire 3` having a thickness of 2.5 mm and a pitch of 18.4 mm.


tainly gain a wide readership among theologians, ethicists, legal scholars, historians, and religion scholars. Indeed, the most urgent contributions of Black Natural Law work are cast in the present and future tenses. It is a stirring call for social action and a powerful work of political theology, and I am anxious to see how scholars in the fields of ethics, theology, and law might incorporate Lloyd's call for a renewed religious politics in their fields of study. In addition to his important contribution to political theology, Vincent Lloyd has produced an exciting contribution to both the growing interdisciplinary scholarship on secularism and to the history of ideas. With Black Natural Law, Lloyd has joined the growing chorus of scholars of American religion offering a much more critical reading of secularism amidst a more religious interpretation of history. The past, it seems, is rarely as secular as we remember it.


29 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the two most important greenhouse gases emitted by 30 mankind. Better knowledge of the surface sources and sinks of these Essential Climate Variables 31 (ECVs) and related carbon uptake and release processes is needed for important climate change related 32 applications such as improved climate modelling and prediction. Some satellites provide near-surface33 sensitive atmospheric CO2 and CH4 observations that can be used to obtain information on CO2 and 34 CH4 surface fluxes. The goal of the GHG-CCI project of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate 35 Change Initiative (CCI) is to use satellite data to generate atmospheric CO2 and CH4 data products 36 meeting demanding GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) greenhouse gas (GHG) ECV 37 requirements. To achieve this, retrieval algorithms are regularly being improved followed by annual 38 data reprocessing and analysis cycles to generate better products in terms of extended time series and 39 continuously improved data quality. Here we present an overview about the latest GHG-CCI data set 40 called Climate Research Data Package No. 3 (CRDP3) focusing on the GHG-CCI core data products, 41 which are column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4, i.e., XCO2 and XCH4, as retrieved 42 from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT and TANSO/GOSAT satellite radiances covering the time period end 43 of 2002 to end of 2014. We present global maps and time series including initial validation results 44 obtained by comparisons with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) ground-based 45 observations. We show that the GCOS requirements for systematic error (< 1 ppm for XCO2, < 10 ppb 46 for XCH4) and long-term stability (< 0.2 ppm/year for XCO2, < 2 ppb/year for XCH4) are met for 47 nearly all products (an exception is SCIAMACHY methane especially since 2010). For XCO2 we 48 present comparisons with global models using the output of two CO2 assimilation systems (MACC 49 version 14r2 and CarbonTracker version CT2013B). We show that overall there is reasonable 50 consistency and agreement between all data sets (within ~1-2 ppm) but we also found significant 51 differences depending on region and time period. 52


Panama ranks among the top 20 nations in the world for mangrove area, with 1328 km2 ([ 1 ][1]). The mangroves of Panama Bay, near Panama City, represent 20% of that total ([ 2 ][2]). They are recognized as the most important staging site for migratory birds in the Americas, and they support valuable


Based on the occasional presence of personal pronoun objects and particles to the right of the nonfinite verb, Pintzuk (1999) argues that we must allow VO phrase structure in Old English as well as OV phrase structure. This article shows that personal pronoun objects and particles follow the nonfinite verb often enough to indeed assume VO as a genuine option. During the Old English period there is a significant increase in absolute as well as relative frequency. A quantitative analysis reveals that the relevant cases are found particularly often in coordinate contexts (pronouns) and ACI constructions (particles).


Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is the opportunity for an individual or social group to gain benefit from or to conserve the natural environmental offer. This study was conducted in the Pasto River Watershed, where the main ecosystem service is providing water supply to 85% of inhabitants of the city of Pasto, Narino, making it a strategic ecosystem that requires viable alternatives for its conservation and management. The aim of this study was to evaluate processes related with PES carried out by several institutions, for which we designed a structured interview that was applied to personnel from four institutions and included the following variables: institution, knowledge of the norm, financial resources, technical support, current activities, and possible alternatives for PES. Alternatives for improvement in PES were proposed using the software Decision Explorer 3.3 and with participants from the institutions. We determined that the township of Cabrera is carrying out alternatives such as implementation of agroforestry systems, park ranger families, and acquisition of lands for PES. We concluded that PES in the Pasto River watershed is rudimentary, yet promising; there is little institutional knowledge and processes have focused on buying lands for the conservation of rural and municipal water supply systems.


The research objective is to determine the impact of practicing knowledge-sharing behaviors on the quality of information. The descriptive-analytical approach and the questionnaire tool were utilized to collect quantitative data. The questionnaires were distributed to the faculty members at Sumer University. The research used simple random sampling of 150 professors at Sumer University and subjected them to statistical analysis. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail and social media, the latter were checked and the invalid ones were excluded. Results were analyzed by the statistical program SPSS, V.25. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most significant of those results was: that knowledge sharing behaviors (knowledge transfer, knowledge exchange, knowledge change) have achieved a total average (3.63) with a good degree of appreciation among the faculty members at Sumer university. The quality of information from the perspective of the sample was good since the total weighted arithmetic average was 3.48. Also, the research study confirmed the existence of a correlation and positive cause and effect relationship between knowledge sharing behaviors and quality of information quality. The results confirm that the knowledge change dimension is the most influential in the quality of information from the viewpoint of the faculty members at Sumer University.


Internal arc in a switchgear is a rare phenomenon in its entire lifecycle. Though the mean time to failure is high, using new materials, improved production technologies or sensors for predictive maintenance, the risk of an internal arc persists. Unfortunately, the effects of internal arc are destructive and very harmful due to severe pressure rise and hot gas expulsion, which can endanger an operator or damage a property. Architecture and design of medium voltage switchgear is qualified upon the requirements of existing standards. General study across the labs indicates that a success rate of about 70% is achieved during the initial stage of internal arc validation. Data from labs reveals that the most prominent failure mode during internal arc testing is burning of indicators due to hot gas expulsion. The physics of the internal arc phenomenon is studied and employed to build the model in simulation software package using fluid dynamics numerical method. Qualitative as well as quantitative prediction is carried out, to estimate the gas flow behaviour. Firstly, the volume of the hot gas cloud and secondly the energy incident on the indicators are determined. Results are compared with data collected from series of internal arc tests with high-speed video and actual measured parameters. Based on the findings, the simulation methodology is formulated which will provide input to improve the design of switchgear. The paper presents results of recent research activity, with the objective to increase robustness of the switchgear design for internal arc performance. The prediction of burning of indicators remains a difficult task due to the complexity of all involved physics, their coupling and correct representation in a simulation model. The enhanced method presented in this paper can significantly increase the success rate during tests and ultimately safety of the switchgear and its variants.


Purpose: Studies addressing the changes in craniofacial morphology of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are important for a better understanding of the progression of this disease. The present objective was to identify major cephalometric abnormalities in these patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional case-and-control study. The sample was composed of2typesofstudysubjects(patientswithMPSandnormalsubjects).Theoutcomevariableswerenumerous cephalometric elements that measure facial height, dental positioning, facial growth pattern, and mandibularandmaxillarypositioning.TheStudentttestwasusedtocomparethemeanangularandlinearmeasurements of the case and control groups and the level of significance was set at a P value less than .05. The Bonferroni method was used for adjustment of the P value (P < .003 was deemed significant). Results: ThecontrolgroupconsistedofrandomlyselectedsubjectsmatchedtothepatientswithMPSfor the demographic variables of gender and age.Seventeen patientswith MPS wereevaluated (64.7% female). The mean age of the sample was 13.29 years. One patient had MPS I, 8 had MPS IV, and 8 had MPS VI. The results showed important differences between groups in angular measurements (angle formed by the line between the sella and nasion [SN] and the plane of the gonion and gnathion, angle formed by the intersection of the gnathion point and the SN line, angle formed by the intersection of the long axis of the lower incisor with the line between the nasion and the B point, angle formed by the intersection of the long axes of the upper and lower incisors, and angle formed by the Frankfort horizontal plane with the mandibular plane) and linear measurements (condyle to A point, condyle to gnathion, pro-nasal ( Pn) point to the line between the pogonion and upper incisor, and the nearest point of the anterior halfof the soft palate to theposteriorpharyngealwall).TheangleformedbytheSNlinewiththeplanebetweenthegonionandthe gnathion and the distance from the condyle to the A point showedmeaningful differences after Bonferroni adjustment. Conclusion: Patients with MPS present a tendency toward vertical growth that results in a dolichocephalic facial pattern. In addition, a smaller nasopharyngeal space was observed, a factor that might be responsible for the mouth breathing observed in these patients. 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 72:2539-2546, 2014