To bring out an easy way to cooperate and share the information among heterogeneous medical information, a platform of medical system integration is designed.Integration platform functions through message exchange between adapter and information system with different interfaces.After standardization of proprietary format XML message through document structure mapping and terminology interchange,clinical data will be collected and stored to clinical data center.The output message,generated according to process definition activation,will be converted to proprietary format messages recognized by heterogeneous systems and then sent to the systems via adapter.Based on the integration of this platform,interoperability,together with the dynamic regulation of the system interactive process,can be achieved among information systems with heterogeneous interfaces,interactive process,dynamic regulation,which offers the clinical data center a data source with unified format.


8557 Background: SCLC rapidly recurs after first-line platinum therapy, and while several agents are approved in the relapsed/refractory setting, there is no approved agent or existing standard of care for third-line in Japan. Rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T™) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Delta-like 3 protein (DLL3), an atypical Notch ligand that is highly expressed in SCLC but not in normal tissue. This was the first study evaluating safety, PK, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of Rova-T in Japanese pts. Methods: This was an open label Phase 1, 3+3 dose-escalation study of Rova-T in Japanese pts with advanced recurrent SCLC (NCT03086239). Eligibility: progressive disease after ≥2 prior systemic regimens incl. ≥1 platinum-based regimen; ECOG 0-1. Pts received 0.2 or 0.3 mg/kg Rova-T IV on Day 1 of a 6-week cycle for 2 cycles. Objective was to evaluate safety, tolerability, PK, and preliminary efficacy and expression of DLL3. Antitumor activity was measured by RECISTv1.1, and DOR, PFS, OS were evaluated. Results: 29 pts were treated with Rova-T (6 at 0.2mg/kg, 23 at 0.3 mg/kg). Median age 68 yrs; 76% male; 64% DLL3 high (≥75% expression); 86% DLL3 positive (≥25%). 20 pts (69%) had received ≥3 prior lines of therapy. Similar PK and AEs were seen compared to previous studies in non-Japanese pts. The most frequently reported study drug-related AEs were platelet count decreased, pleural effusion, oedema peripheral, and aspartate aminotransferase increased, the majority Grade 1/2. No DLTs occurred, and both dose levels were tolerated. Three pts previously treated with ≥3 prior lines of therapy had confirmed partial response by investigator (10% of all pts; 17% of DLL3 high pts). For DLL3 high pts, mDOR was 3.0 mos (95% CI: 2.9, 4.1), mPFS was 2.9 mos (1.2-3.6), and mOS was 7.4 mos (4.1-11.9). Individual responses were analyzed in detail and radiographic data with tumor shrinkage will be shown. Conclusions: Rova-T demonstrated a manageable safety profile with promising preliminary efficacy in Japanese SCLC pts, in particular pts with DLL3 high expression. These data support further exploration of Rova-T treatment in Japanese pts with SCLC in global Phase 3 studies. Clinical trial information: NCT03086239.


Gleicheniaceae are an ancient fern family with about 157 species and six genera (PPG I 2016). Although its taxonomy has been through several changes in the last years (Gonzales & Kessler 2011), a great gap remains in both taxonomy and nomenclature. For the Neotropics, there are several national or regional taxonomic treatments of the family (e.g. Proctor 1985, Lellinger 1989, Tryon & Stolze 1989, Moran 1995, Mickel & Smith 2004, Kessler & Smith 2018) and a revision of the Neotropical members of the genus Sticherus Presl (1836: 51) (Gonzales & Kessler 2011), but only few of them are dedicated to solve nomenclatural issues.


Earth's orbital geometry exerts a profound influence on climate by regulating changes in incoming solar radiation. Superimposed on orbitally paced climate change, Pleistocene records reveal substantial millennial‐scale variability characterized by abrupt changes and rapid swings. However, the extent to which orbital forcing modulates the amplitude and timing of these millennial variations is unclear. Here we isolate the magnitude of millennial‐scale variability (MMV) in two well‐dated records, both linked to precession cycles (19,000‐ and 23,000‐year periodicity): composite Chinese speleothem δ18O, commonly interpreted as a proxy for Asian monsoon intensity, and atmospheric methane. At the millennial timescale (1,000–10,000 years), we find a fundamental decoupling wherein precession directly modulates the MMV of methane but not that of speleothem δ18O, which is shown to be strikingly similar to the MMV of Antarctic ice core δ2H. One explanation is that the MMV of methane responds to changes in midlatitude to high‐latitude insolation, whereas speleothem δ18O is modulated by internal climate feedbacks.


A test described by Lapides et al. 1962 for diagnosis of neurogenic bladder, based on denervation supersenisitivity of detrusor to cholinergic stimulation, is critically reviewed. The "localized stretch response of bladder muscle" to instillation of fluid described by these authors seems to be an artifact. In a modified method developed by the author the denervation test consists of a continual reading of the intravesical pressure response to subcutaneous administration of 0.25 mg carbachol (equivalent to 2.5 mg bethanechol) after the bladder has previously been filled with 100 ml saline and allowed to accomodate. The maximum rise in pressure (cm H2O) following the chemical stimulation, above the basal pressure prior to this, constitutes the test result. By this technique 197 tests were performed in 64 patients. It was found that normal bladders usually respond with a pressure rise of less than 15 cm H3O; results in the range 15-20 cm H2O are inconclusive, while greater responses indicate neurogenic bladd...


The paper proposes a decentralized concurrently transmission strategy in a single-channel by non-cooperate game. Firstly, we formulate a channel access game model, which considers multiple nodes concurrent transmissions in a single-channel for wireless ad hoc networks. We identify the utility function balanced throughput and cost, and then calculate a Nash equilibrium solution (NES) as the transmission threshold. It allows each node to determine whether or not it is feasible to transmit concurrently depending on channel conditions. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a Bayesian Nash Equilibrium Solution of the game, and compute it using numerical methods. Simulation results show the proposed approach is feasible. On the basis, we propose multiple concurrent transmissions framework by game theory for wireless ad hoc networks. The framework enables multiple transmissions to proceed concurrently in a single-channel, which improves network throughput and bandwidth efficiency.


Currently, one of the biggest controversies in the field of cardiac regenerative medicine revolves around the ability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate. In contrast to the long-held hypothesis that the heart is a terminally differentiated, post-mitotic organ, some studies have suggested that the heart is capable of undergoing limited regeneration following injury. Others have reported induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation following various treatments, mostly in vitro. Conventional tools such as BrdU labeling fail to distinguish between mitotic events and other phenomena such as endoreduplication or poly-nucleation, thus making it difficult to assess cardiomyocyte proliferation. The present study presents a novel and innovative way to unambiguously study cardiomyocyte proliferation by use of a cell division probe to identify cells that undergo mitosis. The system utilizes a mutant form of the mitotic regulator cytoskeleton-associated protein 2 (CKAP2). CKAP2 remains cytoplasmic during interphase, but translocates to the nucleus following mitotic cell division. Usually, wild-type CKAP2 is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway following translocation to the nucleus; however, by mutation of a destruction motif, the protein persists in the daughter nuclei following cell division. Thus, this non-degradable mu-


We study in this paper a Lipschitz control problem associated to a semilinear second order ordinary differential equation with pointwise state constraints. The control acts as a coefficient of the state equation. The nonlinear part of the equation is governed by a Nemytskij operator defined by a Lipschitzian but possibly nonsmooth function. We prove the existence of optimal controls and obtain a necessary optimality conditions looking somehow to the Pontryagin's maximum principle. These conditions utilize the notion of Clarke's generalized directional derivative. We point out that this work provides complements to our previous paper [2], where a similar problem was studied but with tools only from classical analysis.


This paper presents a novel automatic web publishing solution, Pageview(R). PageView(R) is a complete working solution for document processing and management. The principal aim of this tool is to allow workgroups to share, access and publish documents on-line on a regular basis. For example, assuming that a person is working on some documents. The user will, in some fashion, organize his work either in his own local directory or in a shared network drive. Now extend that concept to a workgroup. Within a workgroup, some users are working together on some documents, and they are saving them in a directory structure somewhere on a document repository. The next stage of this reasoning is that a workgroup is working on some documents, and they want to publish them routinely on-line. Now it may happen that they are using different editing tools, different software, and different graphics tools. The resultant documents may be in PDF, Microsoft Office(R), HTML, or Word Perfect format, just to name a few. In general, this process needs the documents to be processed in a fashion so that they are in the HTML format, and then a web designer needs to work on that collection to make them available on-line. PageView(R) takes care of this whole process automatically, making the document workflow clean and easy to follow. PageView(R) Server publishes documents, complete with the directory structure, for online use. The documents are automatically converted to HTML and PDF so that users can view the content without downloading the original files, or having to download browser plug-ins. Once published, other users can access the documents as if they are accessing them from their local folders. The paper will describe the complete working system and will discuss possible applications within the document management research.


Ion bombardment during thin film growth is known to cause structural and morphological changes in the deposited films and thus affecting the film properties. These effects can be due to the variation in the bombarding ion flux or their energy. We have deposited titanium nitride films by two distinctly different methods, viz. electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering and bias assisted reactive magnetron sputtering. The former represents low energy (typically less than 30 eV) but high density plasma $(10^{11} cm^{-3})$, whereas, in the latter case the ion energy is controlled by varying the bias to the substrate (typically a few hundred volts) but the ion flux is low $(10^9 cm^{-3})$. The deposited titanium nitride films are characterized for their structure, grain size, surface roughness and electrical resistivity


Finally, I offer a third methodology to overcome the inherent deficiencies of the earlier approaches. The taxonomy of method III (primary-secondary applications) separates questions of wrongfulness and state responsibility in international law. It characterizes all of the treaty provisions at issue—both forms of obligation and exception—as primary legal standards that determine whether a state has committed a wrongful act according to international law. Under this approach, it is only if breach is determined by the composite application of these treaty rules, that an adjudicator should examine the secondary possibility of the customary plea* of necessity to preclude wrongfulness as a matter of state responsibility. The key implication of my preferred method III is to require an adjudicator to attend to interpretation of key aspects of the treaty defense without simply borrowing or transplanting from the customary plea. The paper concludes by offering a framework for future tribunals charged with two critical interpretative issues: (i) the identification and scope of the notion of "public order" and a state's "essential security interests"; and (ii) the appropriate test of "necessity" or means-end scrutiny in this legal setting.


In this paper, we present a shortened historical review of the building blocks concept. With the concept we show that three B's can lead to three A's: Building Bodies and Brains leads to applications for Anybody, Anywhere, Anytime. Hence, we outline how the inspiration from artificial life, especially regarding the relationship between the body and brain, leads to a building block concept based upon interactive, distributed parallel processing. The historical outline shows how biomimetic robotics and behavior-based robotics has inspired the development of modular playware. Application examples based upon the concept include LEGO I-Blocks, playgrounds, multi-sensory rooms, robomusic, etc. In the paper, we attempt to explore the theoretical characteristics of the concept and the lessons learned for playware application fields.


Political security, economic & trade cooperation and people-to-people exchange & cooperation are the three pillars in ASEAN-China Strategic Partnership, among which education, especially higher education, plays an important role in providing talent and intellectual support as well as connecting peoples from different cultures and enhancing mutual understanding and trust. Thus, making a review of the establishment, implement and development of relevant national policies, collecting and analyzing some demonstrative cases and finally putting forward recommendations in the perspective of sustainable development will be proved worthwhile in the follow-up construction of China-ASEAN 3+X Framework and implementation of China-ASEAN Strategic Partnership


Objective To explore the application of serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI),high-sensitive C-reactive protein( hs-CRP ),matrix metalloproteinases-9( MMP-9 ) and homocystine ( HCY ) in elderly patients(age≥65) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods One hundred fifty-eight inpatients who attended Department of Cardiology of Hospital of Heilongjiang Province from 2007 to 2009 were selected randomly,including 72 ACS patients,48 SAP patients and 38 individuals without coronary heart disease as normal controls.All subjects underwent coronary arteriongraphy.The concentrations of cTnI,hs-CRP,MMP-9 and HCY were determined using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and were compared in ACS group,SAP group and normal controls.Further the concentrations were compared in the subtypes of ACS also.Correlation analysis were used to examine the relationships between serum cTnI,hs-CRP,MMP-9 and HCY.Results The concentrations of cTnI,hs-CRP,MMP-9 and HCY were considerably higher in ACS group than those in other two groups,which were significant differences between SAP group and normal controls also (P0.001).It was found in ACS group that the level of cTnI was significantly lower in patients with UAP than those in patients with NSTMI and STMI,while the level of HCY was highest in STMI group.Pearson and Spearsman correlation analysis indicated that cTnI related to hs-CRP,Conclusions Serum hs-CRP,MMP-9 and HCY,espeically HCY,may be the serological index,combining with serum cTnI,in elderly patients with ACS.


This survey introduces the main principles of modern taxation theory. Tax theory considers how the need to raise tax revenue for the public sector affects the incentives and thus the behaviour of taxpayers. The theory exposes the complex issues involved in the design of tax systems. Taxes have complicated distributional consequences and can affect the utilisation of resources in society negatively. Taxation theory thus provides important insights for policy-making.


The network switch is a critical element in the flight test network. All devices in the network are configured, synchronised and managed via the switch. In addition to this all acquired data is routed through the switch. For these reasons, the flight test network switch has always needed to be rugged and reliable with high throughput and simple intuitive setup. Ethernet technology and the move towards open standards within FTI systems have enabled flight test networks to become increasingly flexible and heterogeneous. Modern FTI networks may have different synchronisation and data transmission protocols running simultaneously. It is also important to quickly switch network configurations for different flight profiles and to enable new features to be easily added to existing installations. This paper examines the increasing network interoperability and flexibility challenges and discusses how the network switch is best placed to provide solutions.


ABSTRACT The international success of Im Kwon-Taek's Chihwaseon prompts consideration of its relation to other films that use narra-tives about art and artists as allegories for filmmaking: the reflexive art films that established Im's reputation; feature films about artists made in the West, especially Pollock ; and other recent reflexive films from Korea and China.


The article dwells on the indices of human capital at the enterprises of food industry in Sughd viloyat (the largest administrative-territorial unit of Tajikistan); the formers being analyzed scrupulously. The results of factor analysis obtained by dint of E Views programme are adduced. The author makes a conclusion about non-effective usage of human capital proceeding from the assumption of the analysis dealing with its constituents at the enterprises explored. Into the bargain, it is determined that an enhancement of human capital development standard and its effective usage should be considered as the issue of priority and a strategic option for a development of any enterprise. However, the measures undertaken are inadequate, they cater only for minimal needs. It causes multitude of problems hindering the growth of enterprises.


By taking the comprehensive improvement of the environment of Xinxu River in Nanning City for example, the paper has analyzed the current situation of place image, interpreted the spirit of place, and considered that the place design should be based on characteristic and recognizable image, unified and diversified image, general and continuous image, accessible and humanistic image and ecological protective image of landscape sensitive area.


1. Most of the areas in our country experience aridity or semi-aridity which increases from north to south. 2. High variability in the distribution of rainfall. This variability ranges from 30 to 70 % in humid areas, 30 to 40 % in arid areas and 40 to 70 % in semi arid areas. 3. Long dry spell (April to June and October to November) in Pakistan. 4. High variability in the timings of rainfall. 5. Small no. of rainy days which are 20 in south, 20 to 50 days in northern areas and 93 at Murree per annum. 6. High rate of evapo-transpiration especially in arid and semi arid areas. 7. In 1948 India has stopped the water of canals, irrigated the areas of newly founded Pakistan. 8. Recently India has constructed the dams on River Indus and River Chenab.


Significant interaction can be revealed between infrastructure operation of the railway line and climate change effects. Climate protection risk analysis can show us how we assess the climate change sensitivity of rail development projects: modernization of railway lines or railway electrifications.
The rail transport facilities are usually less sensitive to the long-term changes in the average values of the climatic parameters – they are mainly affected by the extreme weather events.
The planned rail infrastructure and the higher quality of transport services need adaptation strategies to be developed according to assessed risk levels. Strategies should focus on the main problems, like:
a) Intensive damage of the earthwork and the substructure due to the rainfall
b) Medical meteorological effects on passengers (heat, UV rays) deterioration of the travel comfort
c) Decrease of the load bearing capacity due to the increase of water content
d) Increased dilatation moves (turnouts)
This paper will describe why the application of such adaptation strategies can be advantageous for the European rail operator companies and how these documents provide opportunities for precursory planning and timing of maintenance activities.


Proton radiography using short-pulse laser drivers is an important tool in high-energy density (HED) science for dynamically diagnosing key characteristics in plasma interactions. Here we detail the first demonstration of target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA)-based proton radiography the NIF-ARC laser system aided by the use of compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs). The multi-kJ energies available at the NIF-ARC laser allows for a high-brightness proton source for radiography and thus enabling a wide range of applications in HED science. In this demonstration, proton radiography of a physics package was performed and this work details the spectral properties of the TNSA proton probe as well as description of the resulting radiography quality.


This paper approaches evaluation viewed from formative and cooperative strategies in the university context. It is highlighted how diagnostic, auto evaluation and peer evaluation, as well as innovative evaluation culture can be implemented in such context. Besides, this paper overviews a diversity of assessment strategies that enables the university teacher to overpass summative evaluation and provides a theoretical basis to elicit and promote the use of other assessment strategies. To finish, there is an analysis of the evaluation experience at the University of Costa Rica, western campus. Dia-logos 17, 2016: 61-71


The concept of marriage evokes thoughts of security love and home, and as a social institution, marriage has become a tradition. Embedded within this tradition is the myth that all married couples are (or should be) heterosexual. This paper examines the relatively new concept of same-sex marriage by providing a historical analysis of the concepts of marriage and family, current definitions associated with these concepts, and legislative and justice responses to the idea of lesbian and gay marriage. A case for the legalization of lesbian and gay marriage is included.


Fenfangwan Changjiang River Bridge is a light rail-cum-road semi-floating system steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge with double pylons and double cable planes.The pylons of the bridge are the pagoda-shape curved reinforced concrete structures and the total height of a pylon is 188.3 m(the height of the pile cap is excluded).In between the columns of the pylon,three cross beams are arranged.The upper pylon columns are the anchorage segments and in the whole range of the segments,the parallel intersecting prestressing tendons are laid.To cope with the problem of the demanding construction accuracy and tight construction schedule of the pylons,on the basis of the three-dimensional spatial precise surveying and positioning,2 cm was pre-offset outwards when each segment of a column was set out and meanwhile,the horizontal pre-jacking force was applied to the given parts of the column.The columns were constructed by the hydraulic climbing formwork technique.The formwork was straight one,but was applicable to the curved parts.The supports for construction of the cross beams were the assembled steel pipe scaffolding system and the construction of the cross beams was carried out concurrently with the columns.Presently,the construction of the north pylon and the south pylon has been completed.The survey of the pylons shows that the geometric shape offsetting of the columns is only 6 mm.


ABSTRACT Undergraduate students have been shown to spontaneously form communities of practice and social networks that support their learning and identity development. This study considers the translation of this participatory learning into professional employment following graduation. Thirteen former biological sciences students from a single UK university were interviewed following their successful transition into graduate level scientific employment. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that these students did not learn new workplace practices from more experienced peers de novo, rather they negotiated changes to their existing university practices and hence were able to participate as newcomers to the joint enterprise of their workplace community of practice. Hence, students' capacity for know how and know who knowledge has important implications for their employability, and this should be encouraged by maximising students' exposure to co-participatory learning both within the university and in collaboration with local community projects.


Here we consider an interesting class of free of bending deformations of thin axial symmetric shells subjected to uniform normal pressure. The meridional kμ and the parallel kπ principal curvatures of the middle surfaces of such shells obey the non-linear relationship kμ = 2ak π + 3kπ , a = const. These non-bending shells depend on two arbitrary parameters, which are the principal radii rμ and rπ of some fixed parallel of the shell. Besides, these surfaces have no closed form description in elementary functions. Our principle aim here is to present such a parameterization of the whole class of non-bending closed surfaces by making use of the canonical forms of the elliptic integrals. The obtained explicit formulas are then applied for the derivation of the basic geometrical characteristics of these surfaces. MSC : 74K25, 74A10, 53A04, 53A05, 33E05


Catherine Edith Macauley Mackay (later Martin) was only 13 in
1861 when Burke and Wills set out from Melbourne in their bid to
race the South Australian explorer John McDouall Stuart in crossing
the continent from south to north. Although such an enterprise is now more likely
to be seen as a characteristically imperialistic gesture, part of an attempt to establish
theoretical sovereignty over the land by imposing a Eurocentric grid upon it, at the
time such a venture was regarded as little short of necessary and self-evidently
valuable.


Clinical Cancer Research recently published an important study by Coward and colleagues ([1][1]) examining interleukin-6 as a target in ovarian cancer and last year published an investigation of the same target in prostate cancer by Dorff and colleagues ([2][2]). Examining these two studies together


In this article a novel design for signal anodes for ultrafast microchannel plate detectors is introduced. A detector assembly was designed and built with an impedance‐matched transition line (50 Ω line resistance) from anode to cable connector which is considerably smaller than other, commercially available, solutions and at the same time has about four times the active area with no limitations for up scaling to even larger active areas. Theoretical proof is given that the impedance matching can be achieved over the entire transition line. The design makes use of a bipolar geometry and is flexible to accommodate differing experimental needs. The design was chosen to optimize for small overall size with good temporal response at the same time. The detector was tested with an alpha particle source and an excellent time response was obtained. Although the design was driven by special needs for space application the detector can be applied wherever short timing pulses are needed.


Sevoflurane degrades to Compound A, which is nephrotoxic in rats. Therefore, the renal effects of Compound A is an area of intense debate. We investigated the effects of low-flow sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia on renal function in patients with stable renal insufficiency. Seventeen patients with a serum creatinine level of more than 1.5 mg/dL were anesthetized with sevoflurane or isoflurane at a total flow of 1 L/min. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured before anesthesia and again 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after anesthesia. The 24-h creatinine clearance was measured before anesthesia and 7 days after anesthesia. There were no significant differences in the blood urea nitrogen levels, serum creatinine concentrations, or creatinine clearance before and after anesthesia within each group. These results suggest that sevoflurane and isoflurane have similar effects on renal function in patients with moderately impaired renal function. Further study of the effects of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on impaired renal function with a larger sample size than ours is required to resolve the issue of sevoflurane safety in patients with renal insufficiency.


Pure poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET),MWNTs-COOH/PET nanocomposites and MWNTs-OH/ PET nanocomposites were synthesized via the in-situ method.The thermal degradation behaviors of PET,MWNTs-COOH /PET and MWNTs-OH/PET were examined by TG thermal analyzer.The thermal degradation kinetics were analyzed by Friedman method and Ozawo method.The results show that the thermal stability of the two types of MWNTs/PET nanocomposites are both improved.The thermal stability of MWNTs-COOH PET nanocomposite is better than pure PET through all the process of the degradation.The thermal stability of MWNTs-OH PET nanocomposite is worse than pure PET at initial stage of the degradation,but better at late stage.


<xref ref-type="sec" rid="sec1">Section I</xref> of this work proposed a mathematical model and three types of solutions for conductive electrical tree growth in dielectrics. In this section, experiments are presented using a cone-plane electrode and nanosecond voltage pulses to investigate the electrical tree growth in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples. The results show that the tree length <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is proportional to the tangent of the pulse number <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under high-voltage pulses but <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> approaches a limiting length under relatively low voltage pulses. These results agree with those predicted from the model. Therefore, the mathematical model for conductive electrical tree growth in dielectrics is verified.


With the spreading of the World Wide Web as a uniform and ubiquitous interface to computer applications and information, novel opportunities are offered for introducing significant changes in all organizations and their processes. This demo presents the IDEA Web Laboratory (Web Lab), a Web-based software design environment available on the Internet, which demonstrates a novel approach to the software production process on the Web.


1Rheumatology, Biomab IPS, Bogotá, Colombia; 2Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de la Costa -CUC, Barranquilla, Colombia; 3Department of Health Technology Assessment, ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena, Colombia; 4Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; 5Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de la Costa – CUC, Barranquilla, Colombia; 6Department of Economic Sciences, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia Background: Health systems need to optimize the use of resources, especially in high-cost diseases as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using centers of excellence (CoE) as a strategy for improving RA treatment in Colombia. Methods: A cost description analysis was carried out using the standard costing technique. We estimated the costs of medical consultations, laboratories, images, and medications for RA. Categories of care standards stratified by severity were defined using the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28). We evaluated the impact, in terms of costs (US dollars), for providing RA clinical care for a previously described cohort using the CoE approach. Statistical analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel, and R. Results: Expenditure on therapeutic drugs increases as the severity of RA increases. Drugs represent 53.6% of the total cost for the low disease activity (LDA) stage, 75.2% for moderate disease activity (MDA), 88.5% for severe disease activity (SDA) and 97% for SDA with biologic treatment (SDA+Biologic). Treating 968 patients would cost US$612,639 (US$487,978–1,220,160) at baseline, per year. After a year of follow-up at the CoE, treating the same patients would cost US$388,765 (US$321,710–708,476), which implies potential cost-savings of up to US$223,874 per year. Conclusion: The strategy of providing clinical care for RA through CoE can save US $231.3 per patient-per year. The results of our study show that CoE could greatly impact the public policies dealing with treatment of RA in Colombia. Applying the CoE model in our country would both improve health outcomes, as well as being more efficient in terms of costs.


This chapter examines how political factors have influenced mineral extraction, governance, and development in Peru since the late nineteenth century. It argues that the legacies of the past have weighed heavily in contemporary governance, but also points to periods in which shifting political alliances and agency aimed to alter past legacies and introduce positive institutional change. The chapter identifies three periods with distinct and relatively stable arrangements for the distribution of power. For the most recent, post-2000 period, it discusses how government responses to social conflict included the creation of institutions to redistribute mining rents, regulate environmental impacts, and promote indigenous participation. However, it argues that political instability and fragmentation have inhibited the effectiveness of these institutions and of longer-term policymaking in general, which in turn explains Peru's persistent reliance on natural resource extraction and the challenges to more inclusive and sustainable development.


Our goal in this article is to understand how scholars — who need to collect, organize, analyze, and present large amounts of information in a short period of time — can use mobile information and communication technology (ICT) to work more efficiently and effectively. We argue that wireless fidelity (wi–fi) and universal serial bus (USB) technologies have made it possible for social scientists to work more productively outside of their own offices, but that many lack the kinds of practical knowledge needed to do so. We discuss ways in which understanding and using some basic and generally inexpensive ICT devices can help the "new mobile scholar" take full advantage of emerging ICTs.


Introduction. Inthis paper we make a detailed analysis of the -hypergeometric system (or GKZ system) associated with a monomial curve and integral, hence resonant, exponents. We describe all rational solutions and show in Theorem 1.10 that they are, in fact, Laurent polynomials. We also show that for any exponent there are at most two linearly independent Laurent solutions and that the upper bound is reached if and only if the curve is not arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. We then construct, for all integral parameters, a basis of local solutions in terms of the roots of the generic univariate polynomial (0.5) associated with . We also determine in Theorem 3.7 the holonomic rank r(α)for all α ∈ Z 2 and show that d ≤ r(α)≤ d +1, where d is the degree of the curve. Moreover, the value d +1 is attained only for those exponents α for which there are two linearly independent rational solutions, and, therefore, r(α)= d for all α if and only if the curve is arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. Inorder to place these results intheir appropriate con text, we recall the defin ition


To compare colposcopic biopsy results among women with normal cervical cytology who had positive test results for either HPV‐16 only or HPV‐18 only.


The henna, Lawsonia inermis (L) is well known medicinal plant. Due to rich contents of phytochemicals, the leaves, flowers, seeds, stem bark and roots of henna, Lawsonia inermis (L) are used in traditional medicine.The present attempt was aimed to use acetone solution (maceratives) of leaf powder of Lawsonia inermis (L) for the topical application to the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) [Race: Double Hybrid - (CSR6 x CSR26) x CSR2 x CSR27)]. Acetone solution (maceratives) of leaf powder of Lawsonia inermis (L) of hundred ppm (mg/L) strength was topically applied to the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) [Race: Double Hybrid - (CSR6 x CSR26) x CSR2 x CSR27)] at 48 hours after the fourth moult, at the rate of 5 ml per hundred larvae. The topical application of acetone solution (maceratives) of leaf powder of Lawsonia inermis (L) was found significantly improving the economic parameters of the silk cocoon and silk fibre. The weight of whole cocoon (deflossed), silk shell weight, weight of pupa and silk shell percentage or ratio in the group recipient of topical application of acetone solution (msaceratives) leaf powder of Lawsonia inermis (L) at 48 hours after the fourth moult was recorded 2.784** (±0.637); 0.657**(±0.058); 2.127 and 23.599*** respectively. The length of silk fibre (in meter); weight of silk fibre (in gram) and denier scale silk fibre obtained through reeling the cocoons harvested from the group of larvae recipient of topical application of acetone solution (maceratives) of leaf powder of Lawsonia inermis (L) at 48 hours after the fourth moult were recorded 1489.34* (±129.52); 0.793** (±0.116) and 4.792*** respectively. The results hypothesize the possibility of action of terpenoid content of leaf powder of Lawsonia inermis (L) to serve to orchestrate the metamorphosis in insects (like silkworm, Bombyx mori L.) through the fortification of shell of silk in the cocoon spinned by the mature fifth instar larvae. Use of herbal products like  Lawsonia inermis (L) in sericulture may open a new avenue in the agriculture technology. Key Words: Lawsonia inermis (L); Bombyx mori (L); silk shell ratio; denier


First, this article proposes that the rise of the Internet and further information- and communication technologies (ICT) has facilitated the evolution of a new, virtual form of relational contracts. This hypothesis is developed inductively by drawing on the results of an explorative empirical study about cross-border software development contracts. Although virtual social ties and networks do not promote the type of high-trust relations that are central to traditional relational contract theory, they reduce information asymmetries between transaction partners and facilitate the evolution of almost unrestricted virtual reputational networks. Relational contracts 2.0 emerge on the basis of ICT enabled transparency, controls and sanctioning tools. Second, the article discusses these results in the light of the wider theoretical debate about the institutional foundations of modern markets. Most importantly, it will be argued that modern ICT has significantly improved the economic performance of relational contracts. Relational contracts 2.0 are no longer restricted to small communities and long-term relationships, but are also able to allow exchange between unknown actors within competitive markets. Relational contracts 2.0 therefore do not oppose market expansions, but become mechanisms that actively promote such economic modernisation processes. The virtual society promotes the evolution of virtual relational contracts.


The given research reflects new linguistic ideas and sights about revealing of
anthropological essence of the language phenomena. In focus of...


Electrical resistivity anisotropy of rocks has significant influence on measurements and interpretation of electrical and electromagnetic data. Hence, the estimation of anisotropy can provide additional and accurate information about the subsurface. Its negligence during the inversion can lead to erroneous results. Capabilities of the near surface controlled source radiomagnetotelluric (CSRMT) method, which utilizes a horizontal electric dipole (finite length cable) for the estimation of electrical resistivity anisotropy of a horizontally layered subsurface from measurements in the transition zone of the source, are thoroughly discussed in this article. Synthetic modelling studies helped us to determine the parameters for field measurements such as a survey area position near the transmitting cable, its length, transmitterreceiver orientation etc. In addition, a comparison of the synthetic results and the field data, measured over a simple vertically anisotropic 1D geoelectrical section, is done. This exercise facilitates to explain the cause of different sensitivity to the vertical resistivity for different transmitter lengths and Tx-Rx orientation. Synthetic integral sensitivity of impedance for the vertical resistivity of the anisotropic layers is calculated and plotted, which deciphers the area of the maximum sensitivity to the vertical resistivity. This emphasizes that the CSRMT data measured in the transition zone of the cable are affected by the significant impact of both galvanic and inductive modes, which helps in the estimation of macro-scale anisotropy. These data can be used for the purpose of industrial construction, particularly in the selection of appropriate repositories to keep the isolation of the solidified radioactive waste in the Cambrian clays of the North-Western region of Russia. The results of the anisotropic inversion of CSRMT data are also compared with electrical resistivity tomography and hydrogeological data.


High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is an add-on technology for W-CDMA that allows higher downlink data rates and greater base station capacity. With HSDPA, W-CDMA systems, which today are seemingly stuck at 384 kbps, will be able to shift gears and move ahead to so-called 3.5G performance with over 10 Mbps throughput on the downlink. The incorporation of HSDPA in Release 5 of the 3GPP W-CDMA specification is the most significant change on the RF side since Release 99. Advanced techniques such as adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) are used to modify the coding and physical layer parameters adaptively in response to the instantaneous channel quality, thus enabling gains in spectral efficiency and data rates. On the other hand, such improvements also bring a higher complexity degree in the evaluation of the radio subsystem performance. This evaluation is crucial for operators who are willing to provide value-added services with rich multimedia contents. This thesis aims at implementing and simulating a radio access network on a real geographic area using the HSDPA features. Results show that such features enable to satisfy the quality of service requirements needed to support the new data-oriented services.


Objective To investigate the effects of Pioglitazone on the learning memory and glycogen synthase kinase 3 and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in modle of AD rates, for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and provide a new way of thinking. Methods To selecte male normal rats that was randomly divided into four groups. Except the control group, other groups was injected with okadaic acid(OA) to make AD models. Low and high Pioglitazone group was given Pioglitazone for 4 weeks, other groups were given NS. Morris test was used to determine the ability of learning and memory. Immunohistochemical method to observe the hippocampal GSK-3βand tau protein expression of phoshorylated. Results Compared with the control group, model group was significantly decreased the ability learning and memory(P0.05), hippocampal GSK-3β and tau phosphorylation was significantly increased(P0.05); Compared with model group, low and high Pioglitazone group was significantly improved the ability learning and memory(P0.05), hippocampal GSK-3β and tau phosphorylation was significantly reduced(P0.05), but there was no significant difference between low and high Pioglitazone group(P0.05). Conclusion Pioglitazone can improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats, it may reduce the activity of GSK-3β, reducing tau protein phosphorylation.


The callus and explants could be induced by the young leaves and stems of Artemisia selengensis by plant tissue culture technology.The most suitable condition and method of building-up regeneration system with the leaves and stems of Artemisia selengensis were studied.The results indicated that the optimal method of sterilization was dipping the explants in 70% alcohol for 5 seconds,and then in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 8 minutes.The optimum medium for the leaves and stems callus induction was MS+6-BA(1 mg/L)+2,4-D(4 mg/L).The optimum medium for the bud differentiation was MS+6-BA(4 mg/L)+NAA(0.4 mg/L).The optimum medium for cluster bacteria rooting was 1/2 MS+NAA(0.5 mg/L)+IAA(0.5 mg/L).


ABSTRACT This study aims to reveal the factors that can hinder the implementation of the program the student class management education experience with populations in this study were majoring in Civil Engineering who was been carrying out Educational Field Experience Program in half July-December 2014. The research is a quantitative descriptive. The sampling thecnique using simple random sampling as many as 39 of the population 64 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire with Likert Scale consisting of 4 possible answers. The number of statements in the questionnaire was 51 point statements. The result showed that the factors that can hinder the implementation class management Educational Program Students Field Experience is: (1) Physical environment with an average degree of achievement of 71,77% are sufficient. (2) Socio-emotional conditions with an average degree of achievement of 74,39% is categorized enough (3) Organizational conditions with an average degree of achievement of 63,78% are sufficient.. Keywords: PPLK Student, Class Management


We take it for granted that the Sun is powered by nuclear energy. We accept the fact by subconsciously using one of the epistemic tools1 available to us called authority. We believe it because the authority or expert, whose words are gold, says so; but it has not always been like that. Back in the mid-nineteenth century, everyone battled everyone else in the fight of 'who is right' about how the Sun shines. Physicists and astronomers were not the only interested parties in finding out the answer to the 'how the Sun produces its energy' question; geologists and biologists were curious, too. While the former group of scientists wanted to know its source, the latter were more concerned with the effects of the Sun's energy on geological changes and evolution of life on Earth. As a result, many attempts had been made by prominent people like Hermann von Helmholtz and William Thomson (better known as Lord Kelvin), to name just two, to explain the nature of sunshine. But it took the genius of Arthur Eddington, from the work of F. W. Aston (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922), to solve the conundrum. In a totally unrelated experiment, Aston discovered that the mass of one helium atom is less than that of four hydrogen put together. Eddington recognised right away the significance of Aston's result and noted that since mass must be conserved, the loss must be attributed to some energy being released. (Recall the famous E = mc2 equation.) In his presidential address at the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1920 [1], Eddington remarked that:


Case records of animal patients presented for surgery at the Ashanti regional veterinary clinic, Kumasi, Ghana, within a seven year (1997-2013) period were studied for surgical disease prevalence and pattern among animal species. The age, sex and breeds, as well as, quarterly distribution of surgical cases were also evaluated. A gradual increase in numbers and types of surgical conditions were observed across the years studied, with the least prevalence in 2007 (2.6%) and the highest in 2013 (29.2%).Wounds /trauma cases were highest (41.0%) and vaginal prolapse least (0.1%) among surgical cases managed. Most surgical conditions were in canine species (96.0%), while the rest (3.8%) were in feline (2.4%), equine (0.5%), caprine (0.4%) and ovine (0.4%) species. Among the twenty–one dog breeds presented for surgical management, the local breed (mongrel) had the highest occurrence (40.2%) of surgical conditions, while the poodle (0.1%), Daschund (0.1%) and Labrador (0.1%) had the least. Male dogs (57%) were presented more for surgery than females (35%). Also, younger dogs (57%) had more surgeries than adult dogs (35%). Most surgical cases were presented in the fourth quarter (October–December) (31.4%) and the least in the second quarter (April –June) (18.5%). The implications of the data to regional, national and global planning and training of Veterinarians on animal surgical disease management were discussed.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to review the results of a 20-year study in the author's interpretation of the needs for food products and the value system that determines the market behavior of consumers in the food markets.The scientific novelty of the research is the following results:A) the author's interpretation of the needs for food products, as consisting of three components: 1) the actual need for food (physiological need); 2) the need for emotions obtained from eating (psychological need); 3) the need for market products that can meet the physiological needs of emotional expectations and social needs (socio-psychological and economic need);B) interdisciplinary approach to the study of consumer behavior that led to the author's interpretation of the value of the research methods outlined in the works of  Sheth J.N., Newman B.I., Gross B.L. (1991), extended and supplemented in the study of Galina V. Astratova (1998);C) identification of the fact that the importance of components in the system of values, according to the results of research, is different for different food products. This allows simulating more clearly the behavior of the consumer in the development of a marketing-mix and developing a marketing strategy based on targeting.


In this study we present an outline of a method of assessment of the aircraft pilot safety when an ejection seat is used. Two methods are presented. The first method concerns a case when a seat must be used due to failures during flight, which do not occur too often. The second one applies to cases when a pilot must be ejected as a result of his opponent's/ enemy's action (armed conflict) with combat means and the structure of an aircraft is destroyed.


In order to solve the problem of information leakage when employees of power companies access the power system through mobile terminals, this paper proposes the identity authentication mechanism of power mobile terminals based on Blockchain by using the advantages of decentralization and non-tampering of Blockchain technology. Firstly, a Blockchain-based mobile terminal identity authentication model is proposed, including four modules: mobile terminal, power service system, identity providing system and Blockchain. Secondly, a Blockchain-based power mobile terminal iden-tity authentication mechanism is proposed, including mobile terminal reg-istration mechanism and mobile terminal identity authentication mecha-nism. Finally, through performance analysis, the Blockchain-based power mobile terminal identity authentication mechanism proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of traditional identity authentication pro-cess dependence on the authority, and realize the advantages of decentrali-zation and non-tampering.


We obtain a numerical algorithm by using the space-time conservation element and solution element (CE-SE) method for the fractional advection-dispersion equation. The fractional derivative is defined by the Riemann-Liouville formula. We prove that the CE-SE approximation is conditionally stable under mild requirements. A numerical simulation is performed for the one-dimensional case by considering a benchmark with a discontinuous initial condition in order to compare the results with the analytical solution.


A well-known mathematical model for characterizing nonlinear systems was originally proposed by Vito Volterra (1860-1940) and later developed by Norbert Wiener (1894-1964). More recently, Albert Nuttall, working with coauthors, has made substantial improvements to Wiener's approach, in which kernel estimates are modeled directly rather than computed from Wiener functionals. Other enhancements made include kernel estimation using a least-square approach for obtaining a best fit to the measured system response, and procedural methods to obtain uncorrelated column-wise basis vectors in the design matrix. These techniques, among others, include: maximally-sparse sampling of the kernels (for first-, second- and third-order), combatting ill-conditioning on its own terms, and realizing an exponential decrease of the growth of the number of kernel coefficients.


LRIT is a requirement for the following on international voyages, all passenger ships, cargo ships over 300 tons, and mobile offshore drilling units. A ship is required to transmit its ship identity, location and date and time of its position, which is reported automatically to its flag administration at least four times a day or on demand. Data through the LRIT is available only to recipients who are entitled to receive such data. These include contracting governments so that they receive information about ships, which have indicated their intention to enter a port facility or a place under their jurisdiction and contracting governments to receive information about ships navigating with a distance of 1000 nautical miles from the coast, and also the SAR and persons


Humans build novel tools, external knowledge structures (markers, maps etc.), and internal structures (analogies, mental models etc.) to facilitate cognition. Humans also recombine these building strategies to suit any task. Other organisms generate such structures as well, but they use them to optimize single tasks. This suggests that the human species' cognitive advantage stems from the capability to recombine built structures, and the resulting extended mind. Chandrasekharan & Stewart (2007) hypothesized that this capacity could emerge from reinforcement learning. We tested this proposal, by studying three foraging models, which examined whether novel recombinations of building (external and internal navigation structures) emerged in reactive agents, from just reinforcement learning. Results showed that recombination does not emerge with just reinforcement. This was because the building of external structures provided a very high reward profile, including free riding, thus acting as an attractor, blocking the recombination strategy. We discuss the implications of these results.


Binding energies and electronic wavefunctions are found for diatomic and methanelike molecules under the restriction that the electronic configuration contains only j = l—½ states. Two models for a diatomic molecule are treated. In the first, the electronic configuration is a p state on one atom and the effect of the other atom is included by a crystal field. In the second model the configuration is an s state on one atom and a p state on the other. The magnitude of the spin—orbit interaction required to make the restriction to j = l—½ states a good approximation is found in each case. In the second case, the binding is reduced by a factor of 3 by the restriction. In the methane molecule the restriction to j = l—½ states requires the inclusion of d states in the configuration. The binding of the methane can be increased by a distortion and experimental evidence for such a distortion in GeH4 and SiH4 is pointed out. Application of this approximation to the electronic structure of actinide complexes is brie...


A 19-year-old woman with a deformednail on her little finger for 10 years after trauma is reported. As a severe deformity from infection around the nail occurred frequently, we performed a free vascularized nail graft in order to reconstruct her nail. The third toe was chosen as a donor site, and the nail matrix and plate were sacrificed with two veins attached to the flap. Free skin graft was performed for the donor site. After the nail matrix and plate of the recipient site was resected, the flap were fixed and the two veins of the flap was anastomosed to a digital artery and a vein respectively. No complication due to the arterio-venous shunt after surgery was evident. The nail plate never fell off and the clinical result was excellent. Though arterio-venous anastomosis is not physiological, the venous flap is now recognized as an effective treatment. The procedure described in this paper is considered to be beneficial for cases in which nail reconstruction is necessary.


The effects of three closing out dates and four harvesting dates on the production and chemical composition of an elephant grass soilage area were studied. The experiment was carried out in the Departamento de Producao Animal at the UFG, in Goiânia-GO, during the year of 1990. It was used a completely randomized block design according to a factorial scheme 3x4 with four replications, three closing out dates and four harvesting dates. The closing out dates were: January, February and March and the sampling dates were: May, June, July and August. If the soilage is going to be utilized just at the beginning of the dry season, the soilage area has to be closed out in January or February. However, if the soilage is going to be utilized latter on the dry season, the soilage area should be closed out in March. In relation to the other factors studied, such as protein, the data obtained showed that the soilage as sampled is not sufficient to completely satisfy the animal demand for that nutrient. KEY-WORDS: Ca; P; crude fiber; crude protein; soilage.


The copolymer of the maleic anhydride-styrene is modified at the presence of 4-amino-2-thiouracil and formaldehyde and the new polymeric sorbate with spatial structure is received. The received sorbate is identified by the IR-spectroscopy method. The complete static sorption capacitance was studied (CSSC+K= 7.8 mmol/g) and the ionization constants of ionic groups in a sorbate link was defined by electrometric method. Ionization constants were determined by potentiometric titration of the sorbent (). Sorption and desorption of the received sorbent with a lead ion (II) are investigated and optimum concentration conditions are defined: рНopt. = 5, ionic force μ = 0.8 pier/l, full sorption balance 4 hours, optimum eluent 5 ml of 0.5 M HCl.


Mate tea (Port. erva mate, Sp. yerba mate) consists of well cut, dried parts of Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) shrub. It contains methylxanthines, mainly caffeine, phenolic acids and saponins, and is used as everyday substitution for coffee (psycho stimulant) in the south of Brazil, north of Argentina and oriental Paraguay - the land of gauchos. Manner of consumption depends of the origin area and in Rio Grande do Sul it is prepared in hollow piece of wood (cuia) well decorated outside in which erva is put. It is consumed using colander in the shape of straw (bomba), and cuia goes from hand to hand, each gaucho putting hot water from thermos flask (termica) and drinking bitter tea. In this work we were interested to identify and determine the content of caffeine and theobromine in water extract of erva mate. The method used was thin-layer chromatography in situ and it was compared to the total content of methylxanthines obtained using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. System used for development was ethyl acetate, methanol and water in volume ratio 40 : 5.4 : 4, and densitometry was done using CAMAG Scanner 3 (Basel, Switzerland). The results of TLC analysis were comparable to the total content of methylxanthines. Preliminary results suggest that TLC densitometry could be used for both, identification as well as determination of caffeine and theobromine in erva mate having in mind that most common method only for determination is time consuming titration.


In this paper, we investigate the effects of applying generalised (non-exponential) discounting on a long-run impulse control problem for a Feller-Markov process. We show that the optimal value of the discounted problem is the same as the optimal value of its undiscounted version. Next, we prove that an optimal strategy for the undiscounted discrete time functional is also optimal for the discrete-time discounted criterion and nearly optimal for the continuous-time discounted one. This shows that the discounted problem, being time-inconsistent in nature, admits a time-consistent solution. Also, instead of a complex time-dependent Bellman equation one may consider its simpler time-independent version.


Public health professionals at APHA's 2018 Annual Meeting and Expo practiced what they preached by walking millions of steps, jumping rope, dancing it up and otherwise staying active while in San Diego.


Objective To explore the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of the death cases of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD).Methods Epidemiological survey was carried out by the experienced personnel using the questionnaire of death case of HFMD,according to Ministry of Public Health Hand-foot-mouth Disease Control and Prevention Guide(2009),and then survey results were analyzed statistically.Results 101 672 cases and 46 death cases of HFMD in Henan Province in 2009 were reported,the mortality rate was 0.45‰.Deaths were distributed in 16 provincial cities in 31 counties,mainly in eastern Henan and south-east Henan.The time of death was distributed mainly in March and April(33 cases,71.74%).34 death cases were male,and 29 cases were died within 24h after admission.The age was between 6 and 64 months,and the average age was(18.37±10.75) months.45(97.83%) cases were younger than 36 months.In 32 laboratory-confirmed death cases,31(96.88%) cases were EV71 positive.Typical clinical symptoms of HFMD death cases were fever,rash.Nervous system symptom,respiratory system and circulation system complications and multiple organ failure were the mainly causes of death cases.Conclusions The condition changes quickly,and the course of the disease was short.Most death cases occurred in high incidence area and epidemic period,the main severe cases were under 3 years old with EV71 positive.


In recent decades, an increasing number of OECD countries have adopted policies aimed to attract highly skilled migrants, by using selection mechanisms such as point systems and specific visas categories. This growing competition among nations for the "best and brightest," referred to as the "race for talent," has received a great deal of attention from both academic and policymakers. Despite this interest, the gendered implications of such policies have received little attention, particularly whether they advantage male over female applicants. As Boucher's book demonstrates, it is indeed the case that highly skilled women face more barriers to entry as skilled immigrants than do highly skilled men. Boucher points out that a visible sign of this gender bias within skilled immigration policies is the discrepancy between the proportions of women in highly skilled immigration flows and in highly educated immigrant stocks. Although the highly educated immigrant stocks are gender balanced, skilled women are under-represented in highly skilled immigration flows, which better capture the gender implications of immigration policies. Moreover, Boucher identifies how gendered barriers impact migrant women. In short, this book, which is accessible to a broad audience, fills part of the gap in our knowledge about the gendered dimension of skilled immigration selection policies. The book itself is divided in two parts of unequal length. The much shorter Part One (chapters one and two) gives a global picture of skilled immigration policies, with a special focus on barriers faced by female applicants in meeting skilled immigration criteria and requirements. Drawing on feminist literatures, chapter one develops a theoretical framework to measure the "gender awareness" of skilled immigration policies, a theme throughout subsequent chapters, and advocates for the need to assess their gender implications. Chapter two, in my opinion, is the most important section of Part One because of its in-depth look at the gender bias in skilled immigration policies. Relying on the theoretical framework developed in chapter one, it presents an original dataset of indicators (the Genderimmi data set) used to assess skilled immigration policies across 12 OECD countries and 37 visa types from a gender perspective. This analysis reveals important differences across both countries and visa types with respect to the gender awareness of their immigration policies. For instance, Canada performs better in terms of gender awareness than countries such as Australia and the United Kingdom. However, based on her findings, Boucher argues that "at present there are no clear exemplars for genderaware skilled immigration policies, with all states demonstrating possible area of improvements" (p. 48). Part One of this book demonstrates the existence of significant differences in the gender awareness of selective immigration policies across countries, raising the question, what factors explain such differences? This is precisely the question addressed in Part Two through a deep and comprehensive analysis of the Australian and Canadian skilled immigration policies from 1988 to 2013. The choice of Australia and Canada is justified by different factors, including their similarity in size, their centrality in international migration debates, and the place of their skilled immigration policies as examples for other countries. Nonetheless, the two countries also have different skilled immigration policies, including from a gendered perspective.


Pseudomonas cichorii, Ps. marginalis pv. marginalis, Ps. viridiflava, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora were isolated from diseased lettuce of various localities in Japan, and their resistance to streptomycin was investigated in vitro. Two point seven percent of Ps. cichorii isolates and 3.6% of Ps. viridiflava isolates were highly resistant to streptomycin (minimal inhibitory concentrations at 200 and 400 ppm, respectively), and 9.1% of the latter was moderately resistant (at MIC 25 to 100ppm). The MIC for 7.7% of the isolates of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora was within the range of 50 to 100ppm. None of the isolates of Ps. marginalis pv. marginalis and X. campestris pv. vitians was resistant to streptomycin. (Received December 20, 1980)


19561 Background: Diarrhea is a common side effect of chemotherapy (CT). At times, often unpredictably, patients develop profound diarrhea during CT. Though the clinical diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is relatively rare, (1/ 2000), the serologic prevalence is much higher (1/ 133), suggesting a large number of undiagnosed cases. Latent CD may be unmasked by stressors, such as CT. We hypothesized that undiagnosed CD may account for some cases of severe diarrhea from CT. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review at the Mayo Clinic (1980–2006) for patients with diagnoses of cancer and CD that received CT at our center. CD cases were confirmed by biopsy (n= 25) or serologic studies. Data analyzed included severe (grade ≥ 3,) diarrhea while on CT, site of primary cancer, diagnosis of CD prior to or after CT, and specific CT agents received. Results: We identified 27 patients with CD and cancer (12 lymphoma, 6 gastrointestinal, 2 leukemia, 2 breast, 1 brain, bladder, lung, uterine, sarcoma) who receiv...


IN THE EYES OF Gianfranco Zaccai and Gerard Badler, the worlds of design consulting and management consulting are merging. Strategic analysis and planning, research and programming, management and technical training, cost benchmarking, design reviews, and ongoing design audits are all on the horizon in design consulting. It's an exciting professional environment that, from their perspective, blends risk with the chance to build strong business relationships on the frontiers of design management.


An authentic assessment is expected to have a positive impact on students' learning and motivation. One strategy to provide practical assessment for authentic tasks is by engaging the students to the community where they are familiar and comfortable. The students� involvement in community services is able to effectively provide vibrant existence information for improving the sense of responsibility among students before they become part of the community. However, evidence from the community services� activities complicated the assessment process where many documents need to be checked and verified. In our work, we designed an online authentic assessment framework of students� involvement in the community activities in terms of the affective domain. The affective domain addresses the grasp of attitudes and values that fuels teaching and learning (T&L) processes. Our assessment tool aims to provide a clear assessment guideline to evaluate the students� ability on analyzing real issues. It also makes the assessment process easier where the evaluation materials can be assembled, previewed, edited and published instantly through online. We hope that the incorporation of student involvement in community services into course assessment shall make the learning process more inspiring.


The aim of the research was to verify what factors determine the level of the need for cognition (NFC) in students and doctoral students with high academic achievements. The project involved 207 participants: 102 individuals with high achievements and 105 without great scientific successes. The following tools were used: the Questionnaire of the Need for Cognition (in Polish adaptation), the Formal Characteristics of Behavior – Temperament Questionnaire Revised Version, the Popular Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Retrospectively Perceived Parental Attitudes. Research results indicate that in people with high academic achievement, emotional intelligence, activity and perceived mother's inconsistency positively influence the need for cognition. In the comparison group, emotional intelligence is a positive predictor of NFC and the perceived attitude of father's inconsistency is a negative predictor of NFC.


This bibliography is produced in association with Current Opinion in Cardiology (Gower Academic Journals Ltd, UK) and is compiled from over 150 journals (these are listed at the end of the bibliography in this issue). Each issue of the Journal of Hypertension will list papers relevant to hypertension, published over a two-month period. A cumulative bibliography, covering 12 months and arranged under subject headings, will appear in the first issue (February) each year. A complete, updated list of the journals scanned will be published at the same time as the cumulative bibliography.


A new cell line, KO-RCC-1, has been established from a primary renal cell carcinoma of a Japanese woman. The cells have been maintained for 43 months and over 130 in vitro passages. The cells are epithelioid and exhibit multilayering. Electron microscopic study showed large nuclei with prominent nucleolei, abundant glycogen particles and microvilli. The doubling time was approximately 38 hr and the cells formed colonies in soft agar with an average plating efficiency of 10. 4%. Chromosome number of the cell line was aneuploidy. Inoculation of the cultured cells into nude mice caused tumors at the site of inoculation. Histology of the nude mice tumor resembled the original tumor.


Objective: To evaluate the association of irritable bowel syndrome with somatization. Study Design: Prospective study Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Chandka Medical College @ Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana from 1st May 2021 to 31st October 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients suffering from somatization were registered from the hospital based setting. Symptoms checklist 90 revised as SCL-90 revised psychopathological symptoms measuring tool was applied for measuring somatization. Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rating Scale (GSRS) was also applied which used seven level Likert scale based on frequency, intensity of GI symptoms within last 7 days. Demographic information, clinical co morbidity associations, family history was also recorded. Results: Irritable bowel syndrome presented in only 14% males while it was seen in 34% females. High scored somatization was more common in females. The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the severe abdominal pain between low and high somatization cases with IBS. A high scoring of indigestion and diarrhea was also noticed in the high somatization cases of IBS. High level of somatization (58% cases) was observed within the irritable bowel syndrome cases. Conclusion: Somatization exacerbates the symptom profile of irritable bowel syndrome patients that need to be timely and properly assessed. Key words: Somatization; Symptomology; Worsen, Disease management


Objective To investigate proper surgical timing and clinical effects for vitreous hemorrhage caused by ocular blunt trauma. Methods Thirty-two patients with vitrectomy (n=32) were divided into early-stage (2~4 weeks) group (n=19) and late-stage (5~14 weeks) group (n=13). The post-operative visual acuity and complications were studied. Results At the sixth month after operation, 11 of 19 eyes (57.9%) in early-stage group and 2 of 13 eyes (15.4%) in late-stage group achieved visual acuity of 0.1 or better and the difference between the two groups was significant (P0.05). Two eyes (10.5%) in early-stage group and 6 eyes (46.2%) in late-stage group had secondary glaucoma and their difference was also significant (P0.05). Retinal detachment was found, respectively, in 2 eyes (10.5%) in early-stage group or 4 eyes(30.8%) in late-stage group, which showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion The proper timing for surgery may be 2~4 weeks after ocular blunt trauma. Early operation results in better visual acuity beside fewer complications.


A hood inner panel module is provided to protect pedestrians from getting injured by the collision with a vehicle and achieve consistent shock-absorbing property by adjusting the numbers of vertical base frames for various vehicles. A hood inner panel module(20) comprises a hood inner panel(21), a hood outer panel(23), a lateral subframe, and a plurality of vertical base frames. The hood inner panel is formed with a pressed uneven groove. The hood outer panel is attached to the hood inner panel by hemming. The lateral subframe is arranged in a straight line to the hood inner panel and attached by hemming. The vertical base frames are arranged at the lateral subframe having spaces, and whose opposite ends are attached to the hood inner panel by hemming.


The invention relates to a process for the production of insulating panels according to the pore or foam concrete technology comprising the steps of: a) casting Dammmaterialfrischmasse in an upwardly open casting mold, b) stiffening and, in the case of producing aerated concrete according to the technology, the previous blank puffing fresh material to a cut-resistant, plastic Dammmaterialkuchen, c) cutting said plastic Dammmaterialkuchens into individual Dammmaterialblocke, d) The hydrothermal hardening of the cut Dammmaterialblocke, e) cutting the cured Dammmaterialblocke into individual insulating boards and an apparatus for producing insulating boards by the pore or foam concrete technology as well as a cutting device for cutting the hardened blocks therefor.


A kind of batch schedule with chain precedence constraints is put forward. The problem of batching and scheduling jobs with chain precedence constraints is considered, where the objective function is the makespan. The precedence constraints contain a generalized chain. There are n jobs in one chain of extension, and a constant number of jobs in the other m-1 chains. The processing time of jobs is unconstrained and the process can not be interrupted. By using the inductive method, a polynomial algorithm for 1chains, B=mCmax is presented. But, when the number of batch processing jobs is not equal to m, the general problem of chain precedence constraints is still very complicated, and remains for further studies.


Accounting conservatism is a principle of prudence to profit recognition. Konservtisme principle can be regarded as the principle that better anticipate the loss of profit. Good corporate governance is a system pengelolahan company in order to accommodate the interests of stakeholders, Sedankan leverage is the level of debt to finance the company's activities, the activities in the form of investment, production, and others. Accounting conservatism can be said to be a very useful tool for good corporate governance mechanisms in carrying out their functions as decision makers and those who monitor management. This study aimed to examine the effect of good corporate governance and leverage to accounting conservatism.The sample used in this study were 10 Food and Beverage companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2011-2015, were selected through random sampling method. The statistical test used in this study is Partial Least Square (PLS) is used to test the hypothesis. Based on the research results and conclusions of research results show that good corporate governance has a significant effect on accounting conservatism. Leverage does not have a significant effect on accounting conservatism. Further research is expected to use other proxies to measure each variable-variable associated with accounting conservatism.
Keywords : Accounting Conservatism, Good Corporate Governance, and Leverage.


The objective of the study was to carry out a study on the roles played by the family agriculture fair in the municipality of Bananeiras PB .The work was carried out at the Bananeiras Family Agriculture Fair PB, using as field data collection source carried out with application of two questionnaires one for the farmers who offer their products at the fair and another for the population of Bananeiras PB.


Introduction: Linear Circuits Numerical Solutions for Nonlinear Networks Simulation I Simulation II Optimization I Optimization II Generating State Equations from Topological Data Transient Response Using Matrix Exponentials Transfer Function and Control System Design Calculations.


In this thesis, I designed an algorithm that traces neurons through the images of various datasets extracted from mouse brains. The algorithm is implemented in Python and relies on the output of a recently developed Fully Convolutional Neural Network (implemented in C) that runs on the underlying images. The images themselves are generated using state of the art technologies that provide high resolution and extremely accurate representations of the original brain matter. The algorithm is part of the combined efforts of MIT's Computational Connectomics Group. Thesis Supervisor: Nir Shavit Title: Professor


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among dance for all participation, social network and group attraction in adult participants. Using a purposive sampling method and the questionnaire based on previous study, 463 adult participants were selected in Cheongjoo and Chungbuk province. The method of the statistical analysis used in this study were one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analysis. As a result of these data analysis, the conclusion of this study were as follows. First, according to the demographic characteristics(gender, age, income, health), there were significant differences in social network and group attraction. Second, the frequency of dance for all participation influenced on closeness and range of touch in social network significantly. And the time of dance for all participation influenced on range of touch in social network significantly. Third, the frequency of dance for all participation influenced on relationship among group members, personal efficiency and personal chance of participation in group attraction significantly. Forth, the closeness influenced on relationship among group members, personal efficiency and personal chance of participation significantly. And the frequency of touch influenced on personal chance of participation significantly. Fifth, there were causal relationships among dance for all participation, social network and group attraction.


Lolium rigidum (annual or rigid ryegrass) is a widespread annual weed in cropping systems of southern Australia. Seeds exhibit dormancy at dispersal and require a period of dry after-ripening to release dormancy, before germination and emergence can occur. Climate, particularly temperature and rainfall, modulates dormancy level at seed maturity and dormancy release during after-ripening. This study investigated the possibility to predict seed dormancy of L. rigidum over a large scale, based on spatial and climatic factors. Mature seeds were collected from 406 populations across 15 different agronomic zones of the 14 million hectare grain belt of southern Western Australia. For each population, initial dormancy and change in dormancy over a 6-month period were measured. Logistic growth curve models were then fitted for each population, with the resulting equation used to estimate four further parameters describing dormancy status of the population. These parameters were used to determine relationships between location in the grain belt and long-term and current-year temperature and rainfall parameters for each population. Although some trends in seed dormancy patterns were found and distinct spatial clusters were clearly evident, our results indicate that climatic parameters alone are unlikely to be a useful predictor for seed dormancy in L. rigidum on a large scale, such as the Western Australian grain belt.


Vehicle driving is an art to be performed with maximum attention. A small distraction or error in the driving practice may lead to severe problem to the people and the vehicle. The autonomous driving systems are implemented partially in few applications to rectify such human errors through an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm. The AI algorithms require certain peripheral units like camera and sensors for their operation and are very effective and fast compared to the manual process. The computational complexity of autonomous driving systems are very high than the other applications where it requires continuous monitoring and instantaneous processing. Therefore it requires a huge amount of memory space and heavy processors. To address such limitations, the recent year applications are implemented with a cloud communication system for processing the collected data in a remote place. However, security and communication concerns present in such models have led this proposed work to implement a distributed AI architecture for an autonomous driving system.


Marijuana and e-cigarettes can cause harm in more ways than you may think. Do you ask your patients about their marijuana or e-cigarette use? The numbers may surprise you.


Abstract : This research discusses the challenges of providing a timely distribution of supplies and support during disaster relief operations that lack designated national stakeholders and systems. Historical lessons learned from past disaster relief operations reveal that similar trends existed. The creation of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and United States Northern Command (NORTHCOM) were essential in driving towards a more responsive federal approach to disaster relief operations. The lessons learned from the catastrophic Hurricane Katrina gave rise to what we witness today as the improved interoperability between the key stakeholders in disaster relief operations. Although there is improved interoperability, the ability of FEMA and NORTHCOM to gain a common operating picture continues to hamper operations. As a result, this research recommends revisions of the federal disaster declaration process as it relates to the use of Title 10 forces; improvement to FEMA's current operating procedures; perfecting NORTHCOM's employment of its military assets; and developing better relations with other disaster relief stakeholders.


The invention relates to the technical field of sound absorption and discloses a magnetic negative-stiffness sound absorption device. The magnetic negative-stiffness sound absorption device comprises a base body and a vibrating diaphragm; the base body is a hollow housing and the top of the housing is open; the vibrating diaphragm covers the opening of the housing; the vibrating diaphragm and the base body are encircled into a sound absorption cavity; force suction structures attracting each other are arranged between the vibrating diaphragm and the base body. The invention also provides a magnetic negative-stiffness sound absorption method. The sound absorption device has a lower-frequency sound absorption characteristic under the same cavity depth, or under the same sound absorption frequency band, the sound absorption cavity is smaller in depth and the structure is more compact.


Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of chronic inflammation affecting the lungs. Leptin is a pleiotropic cytokine thought to play a role in host inflammatory response. Aim This study aimed to investigate the role of leptin in sputum and serum as an inflammatory marker in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Patients and methods Twenty patients with stable COPD, 20 patients with AECOPD, and 12 controls were included in this study. All participants were males. BMI, routine laboratory investigations, sputum and serum leptin levels, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured twice in patients with AECOPD (initially and after 7 days of management) and only once in stable patients and controls. Results In patients with patients with AECOPD, there were significant differences between sputum leptin and serum TNF-α, CRP, and leptin levels before and after treatment. Sputum leptin and serum CRP levels were significantly higher in the AECOPD group than other groups. Additionally, serum TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients with AECOPD than the controls. Insignificant correlation was found between AECOPD and stable groups regarding serum leptin and TNF-α levels. Conclusion The present study highlights the role of leptin hormone as a local inflammatory marker in COPD acute exacerbation either in the sputum or the serum, together with serum TNF-α and CRP. These markers could be useful indicators of COPD acute exacerbation and its response to treatment.


A result of India's enhanced salience in the world is a steady increase in the number of books written about the country at home and abroad. The thematic element common to almost all of them is the change sweeping the country. Nevertheless, they fall into two broad categories, as some of them take the entire country in their sweep, while others dwell on specific aspects or areas of change. Publications falling in the first category tend to narrate the transformation under way, examine the forces—social, economic, political, cultural and so on—causing it, dwell on individuals and social groups who respectively spearhead and oppose the changes, and, of course, discuss the shape of things to come. No respectable book, both authors and publishers seem to think, is complete without a fling at crystal gazing.


The classical WKB method Wigner measure The limit from the one-dimensional Schrodinger-Poisson to Vlasov-Poisson equations Semiclassical limit of Schrodinger-Poisson equations Semiclassical limit of the cubic Schrodinger equation in an exterior domain Incompressible and compressible limits of coupled systems of nonlinear Schrodinger equations High-frequency limit of the Helmholtz equation Global solutions to (3.14) Denseness of polynomials Global existence of a solution to (5.1) Global smooth solution to (6.1) Bibliography.


Web Browsers have become a ubiquitous application on desktop operating systems as well as on mobile platforms, making them critical to users' security on the web. In particular JavaScript interpreters, which allow for an interactive experience on the web, have come into focus for attackers as they commonly provide powerful exploitation primitives that enable the compromise of the hosting process with a single vulnerability. As such there is an interest to detect these vulnerabilities in an automatic fashion. Besides static analysis, fuzzing is commonly used to automatically detect software vulnerabilities. Here, randomly generated input is repeatedly provided to the application as input in the hopes of triggering a faulty condition. Recently, guided fuzzing approaches have shown promising results and often outperform classic mutation-based or generative approaches. Guided fuzzing uses feedback, often in the form of coverage information, collected during execution to score the produced samples. New samples will then be produced by mutating previous samples that were deemed interesting. This enables the fuzzer to eventually generate complex inputs that reach deep into the targets processing logic. The goal of this work is then to apply the guided fuzzing approach to script interpreters. This requires defining semantically useful mutations on program code. However, in contrast to existing approaches that mutate syntactical elements such as the textual representation of code or a syntax tree, mutations are defined on a newly designed intermediate language (IL) on which, due to its restricted form, mutations of control and data flow can easily be performed. This reflects the fact that the syntactical properties of a program are generally irrelevant. Further, the proposed system is able to generate semantically valid samples with a high probability. This is important as it avoids the need to wrap generated code into try-catch constructs which can negatively affect the runtime behavior. An initial implementation of the proposed system was able to identify exploitable, previously unknown security vulnerabilities inside the JavaScript engines of the Safari and Firefox web browsers as well as numerous crashes and internal assertion failures across different engines.


Based on Multi-Media Card Specification Revision 4.1,just released,a high performance and low power MMC host controller has been designed.The design supports AMBA 2.0 AHB interface,with the improved asynchronous FIFO,the data transform performance can be improved largely.As MMC Cards are usually used in portable type products,which need to be design for low power,dynamic power manage and clock gating methods are proposed,by reducing the power about 60%.In addition,a high performance universal interface controller system structure is discussed,which had been applied successfully to many interface host controllers which based on SoC bus.The design is simulated and synthesized in NC-Verilog of Cadence Company and DC of Synopsys Company.It had been verified in FPGA and had realized the transmission of data with the MMC card.


Using aBABdesign, atoken system requiring cooperative interaction wasused tochange thereading andvocabulary performance ofan18-member class ofthird-grade hyperactive boys. Fourdifferent colored tokens, whichcould beexchanged for15minutes ofplay on electrovideo games, wereearned bysuccessful completion oftwotasks thatinvolved learning toreadandtousenewvocabulary words insentences, andtwotasks inwhich thestudent served asaproctor toastudent whohadnotyetcompleted those tasks. The meannumber oftasks completed during theintervention periods rose tooverninetimes thenumber completed during reversal. Additionally, theaverage completion rate forthe school district's standardized weekly reading level examinations rosefromfour toeight fold during thetoken conditions. All18students responded tothetoken program by increasing their academic performance. DESCRIPTORS: hyperactivity, academic achievement, token economy, reinforcement, reading, children


Sketching has been the chosen method of expression of product ideas in the initial phase of product design.Existing CAD modeling systems do not support the early phases of design effectively. There has been growing interest to integrate sketching and 3D modeling mainly because of recent developments in interfaces likemotion trackers and haptic devices. The paper reviews the state of the art literature in the areas of conceptual design and sketching, 3D shape creation and visualization, sketch based modeling and sketch recognition to understand the scope of 3D sketching in the design process. It is observed that the majority of the literatures focus on creation of 3D models by interpreting 2D sketch strokes. Sketching behavior of the designer, while creating sketches directly in 3D needs detailed study


Stress, if defines naively, is the body's response to pressure. Sri Lanka is a South Asian country where mental health is not given a much of a concern comparing with the Western and European countries. The Mental Health Foundation stated that some stress responses can be managed, and some can be useful but too much stress can cause negative effects and long-term stress may affect human's physical and mental health in advance [1]. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO) 5%-10% of the Sri Lanka population suffer from mental health problems which needs the attention of the professionals [2]. The present case study aims at the efficient and effective management of stress of University Undergraduates of Sri Lanka who can be a victim of stress due to several reasons. The proposed system aims to help the university undergraduates by providing them with a mobile application which collects and calculates the current stress levels and stress scores of undergraduates using different techniques and suggesting the stress relieving activities for that specific stress level via a recommendation system which contains multiple stress relieving activities which can be used to cater with different stress levels.


Line edge roughness (LER) of chemically amplified (CA) resist has evolved as a major class of issues when the required fabrication accuracy of future nanolithography gets close to the limit of materials. Near the material limit, processes have a significant impact on the limit of resist performance. In order to provide an insight into the mechanism of LER formation and survey the performance limit of CA resists, the LERs after development in positive-tone CA resist for electron beam lithography were investigated in terms of their dependences on the amine (quencher of proton/acid) concentration and exposure dose. The latent images formed during the acid formation and diffusion processes were simulated by a Monte Carlo technique. The development process described by Mack's dissolution model was incorporated into the simulation. The LERs (high frequency) after development are discussed from the aspects of image contrast, acid diffusion length, and topography of developed pattern.


The Group IVA (GIVA) phospholipase A 2 associates with natural membranes in response to an increase in intracellular Ca 2 (cid:1) along with increases in certain lipid mediators. This enzyme associates with the membrane surface as well as binding a single phospholipid molecule in the active site for catalysis. Employing deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we have identified the regions of the protein binding the lipid surface and conformational changes upon a single phospholipid binding in the absence of a lipidsurface.Experimentswerecarriedoutusingnaturalpalmitoyl arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles with the intact GIVA enzymeaswellastheisolatedC2andcatalyticdomains.Lipidbind-ing produced changes in deuterium exchange in eight different regions of the protein. The regions with decreased exchange included Ca 2 (cid:1) binding loop one, which has been proposed to penetrate the membrane surface, and a charged patch of residues, which may be important in interacting with the polar head groups of phospholipids. The regions with an increase in exchange are all locatedeitherinthehydrophobiccoreunderneaththelidregionor near the lid and hinge regions from 403 to 457. Using the GIVA phospholipase the


As the current recovery matures in the United States, evidence is mounting that total factor productivity (TFP), the typical measure of technological change, has moved back into the slow lane. This study uses industry data to explore the extent to which the acceleration in TFP in the late 1990s and early 2000s and the subsequent deceleration are attributable to unmeasured investment by firms to take full advantage of the new capabilities made possible by information and communications technology (ICT).


A process for producing a profile comprising the following method steps: - providing a workpiece (1), - forming of the workpiece (1), - joining of the workpiece (1), - coating of the workpiece (1), - heating of the workpiece (1), - at least partial hardening of the workpiece (1), characterized in that the step of coating is carried out in time after the step of joining and temporally before the step of heating.