Social Viewpoint Finder (SVF) is a visual analytics tool for social networks and complex networks. SVF lays out the input network data on a HIGH-dimensional (500-3,000 dimensional) Euclidean space, offers a simple, but unique dragging-based UI to trigger computation-intensive, high-dimensional rotation of the presented network, and let the user investigate the clustering structure of the network. This demonstration presents the effectiveness of SVF as well as the employed implementation techniques that enabled the fluid, complex user interaction. To achieve fluidness, SVF heavily relies on modern OpenGL technologies. It achieves massively parallel computing through the use of the compute shader, and graphic pipelines. A large volume of the network data and its layout information is stored in a shader storage buffer. A fragment shader-based, efficient object identification method is devised.


Summary Tests were made to determine the effect of manufacturing procedures for specific varieties of cheese on the growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus (MF31) organisms added to milk at the start of the process. The staphylococcal count was approximately 1×10 5 /ml milk. Cheddar, Colby, Swiss-type, Limburger, and Cottage cheese by two methods were made. Conditions of manufacture of each variety were favorable for the growth of S. aureus and significant increases occurred at specific stages. In general, the organisms were concentrated in the curd and increased in number until the cheese was salted. After pressing the curd, another increase might occur during the first 21 days of aging. A decrease would then take place, which generally continued throughout aging. At no time, however, did the S. aureus count become zero during aging. Staphylococci were not recovered from fresh Cottage cheese after it had been cooked at 130F for 40min at pH 4.5. However, when the curd was stored dry or creamed for ten days at either 40 or 50F, viable S. aureus organisms were recovered. Nevertheless, the manufacturing procedure for Cottage cheese was the only effective one in destroying S. aureus .


The World Wide Web integrates the emerging technologies, one of them are web service that gives new vision for the next transformation for the technological wave. This technological transformation required to face the so many problems. The design and implementation of interoperable user interface will provide the effective solutions for the current pitfalls. In this paper we have proposed a method for the effective web service selection based on the QOS parameters using the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Implementation of the classification algorithm over the large dataset has some performance limitations. Addition of new parallel classification model will improve the performance. The evaluation reports shows that the effectiveness of the proposed method for service classification and selection.


INTRODUCTIONIn the field of psychology much research is conducted involving individual's perceptions of gender roles, behavioral as well as attitudinal traits. This research study is an endeavor to discover a relation and correlate the two much independent, yet mutually influential aspects 'Gender' and 'locus of control'. An individual's beliefs about what amount of control they have over their life. It has been extensively studied in relation to mental health and academic achievement, generally with the assumption that more perceived control is better. The results would be able to show how an individual identify himself psychologically and whether the gender affects the three characteristics of the Spheres of Control.Tools usedThe Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is a measure of masculinity-femininity and gender roles. It assesses how people identify themselves psychologically. Bem's goal of the BSRI was to examine psychological androgyny and provide empirical evidence to show the advantage of a shared masculine and feminine personality versus a sex-typed categorization. The Bem Sex-Role Inventory was created by Sandra Bem in an effort to measure androgyny. The BSRI is very empirically sound. Bem reports coefficient alphas of .78 for femininity scales and .87 for the masculinity scale. BSRI, also has demonstrated high test-retest reliability. It consists of 30 items. It has a strong .90 correlation with the original BSRI. This short form of the test allows for increased internal consistency.The Spheres of Control Scale (SOC-3) is a measure of perceived control developed by Delroy Paulhus in 1983 (updated to version 3 in 1990) that measures multiple domains of perceived control: personal, interpersonal, and socio-political control. This test consists of 30 statements that must be rated on how much you agree with them on a five point scale (where 1 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, and 5 = Agree). It should take most people about five minutes to complete.These two different tests have been carefully combined in a single survey to obtain a factual, authentic and reliable relation between the two aspects.METHODOLOGYSamplingThis study was adopted by convenience sampling method and also data were collected from 274 adolescent respondents, there are 145 male and 129 female participants.Data processingThe collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. SPSS Software 20.0 original licensed version was used for analyzing the data. Following the statistical analysis like Measures of central tendency, 't'-test, ANOVA and Correlation were used for analyzing the data.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSHYPOTHESIS 1There will not be any significant difference between male and female in feminine characteristics.The term gender refers to biological sex, which in other words is the state of being male, female or intersex. The above table shows that gender difference in terms of showing feminine characteristics. The results clearly indicate that there is no significant gender difference in terms of showing feminine characteristics. Hence the hypothesis stating "There will not be any significant gender difference in terms of showing feminine characteristics is retained based on evidence." The mean score of feminine characteristics was seen to be higher among female adolescents when compared to male adolescents, which indicated that female adolescents are higher in terms of showing feminine characteristics than male adolescents.HYPOTHESIS 2There will not be any significant difference between male and female in masculine characteristics.The above table shows that gender difference in terms of showing masculine characteristics. The results clearly indicate that there is a significant gender difference in terms of showing masculine characteristics. Hence the hypothesis is rejected. The mean score of masculine characteristics was seen to be higher among male students when compared to female, which indicated that male students are higher in terms of showing masculine characteristics than female. …


INTRODUCTION Early learning holds enormous promise for young children and especially for young children in low-income families (Burchinal, 2000; Duncan, 2003; Magnuson, 2007; Howes, 2008; Dearing, 2009). However, most investments in early learning have not resulted in both significant and sustained academic gains for children. Where gains have been achieved, too often these gains have faded either in large part or completely within a few years (Barnett, 1995; Puma, 2012). And while a number of programs have transcended academic fade-out (e.g., Abecedarian, Perry Preschool), the cost-per-child of these programs is beyond what policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels can spend and sustain.


Broadband noise produced by the trailing-edge of a controlled di usion (CD) airfoil is directly simulated using a Lattice-Boltzmann method (PowerFlow) that resolves both the aerodynamic and acoustic eld around the airfoil. The proper DNS resolution is rst achieved in the vicinity of the airfoil on a quasi-2D slice of the mock-up. It is then extended to a 3D slice with a span of 12 % chord length. Two numerical setups of the anechoic openjet facility where both aerodynamic and acoustic data have been collected are investigated to capture the installation e ects: in a rst numerical setup (called free), the CD airfoil is set in an uniform ow, while in the second setup (lips) the real jet nozzle geometry is considered. While in the freeeld con guration the boundary layer rapidly detaches on the suction side, in the lips the jet shear layers modify the pressure load on the airfoil and the boundary layer keeps attached in the con guration with nozzle. In both setups a laminar recirculation bubble is captured on the suction side near the leading edge which triggered the development of the boundary layers along the suction side. The wall-pressure and noise spectra for the free con guration are spread over a large frequency band and agree with similar measurements at higher angle of attack for which the ow is detached. The spectra for the lips con guration better agree with the experimental data and has been selected for the 3D simulation. The vortex stretching along the span-wise direction that was missing in the previous investigated set-ups, allows to nely capture the turbulence length scales and accurately reproduce the experimental measurements. Both the boundary layer pro le and the wall pressure spectra near the trailing edge are nicely and accurately captured. The predicted fareld sound pressure levels also provide satisfactory agreement with noise measurements in the anechoic wind tunnel.


The invention discloses a 3D projection system which comprises the components of a display screen for displaying a left-eye image and a right-eye image with a parallax according to a time sequence, a polarized light splitting device which is used for dividing the light of the left-eye image or the right-eye image that is displayed on the display screen to first polarized light and second polarized light which have different propagation directions and different polarization directions, a reflector which is used for adjusting the propagation direction of the first polarized light to a direction that same with propagation direction of the second polarized light, a light path adjusting device which is used for adjusting the light path of the first polarized light to a path that is same with the light path of the second polarized light, and a polarization conversion device which is used for adjusting the polarization state of the first polarized light and the second polarized light with same propagation direction to same. The 3D projection system has advantages of high image quality and low power consumption. The invention further provides a control method for the 3D projection system.


Discloses a novel non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme and its preparation and use. This enzyme from Rhizobium sp.M-11 (FERMBP4130) and Arthrobacter sp. Cultures Q36 (FERMBP-4316) and the like acquired microorganisms, may be generated when the effect on reducing partial starch hydrolysates non-reducing saccharide having a trehalose structure. When glucoamylase and α- glucosidase to act on the non-reducing saccharides, trehalose prone. Such non-reducing saccharides and trehalose can be widely used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.


This review article explores the notion of radio flexibility, its various versions (as presented in a brief taxonomy) and its efficient instantiations under various metrics, primary among which is the broad applicability of a parametrically compact, single model or design over a large set of modes and scenarios. The focus is on the algorithmic part of the base-band. It is argued that this systematic approach to the subject yields benefits both in understanding past results as well as charting new research frontiers.


The work mechanism of crankshaft rolling is analyzed.Considering the deformation during the engine crankshaft fillet rolling,theories for changeably load rolling are put forward.


No chemical tests have been made under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976 despite a court-ordered schedule now in effect. Instead, the Environmental Protection Agency is accepting voluntary testing proposals. Premanufacture notices of health and environmental effects are not including toxicity data, thus passing the burden from the chemical industry to EPA. EPA has also failed to use its powers to control exposure to toxic chemicals or to act in high priority cases. (DCK)


In this short note, we extend some known determinantal inequalities of positive definite matrices to a larger class of matrices, namely, matrices whose numerical range is contained in a sector.


In this paper, we suggest the Levenberg-Marquardt method with Armijo line search for solving absolute value equations associated with the second-order cone (SOCAVE for short), which is a generalization of the standard absolute value equation frequently discussed in the literature during the past decade. We analyze the convergence of the proposed algorithm. For numerical reports, we not only show the efficiency of the proposed method, but also present numerical comparison with smoothing Newton method. It indicates that the proposed algorithm could also be a good choice for solving the SOCAVE.


: In this research work, cold extraction was used to extract the phytochemical constituents of Cassytta filiformis using methanol and petroleum ether (pet. ether) as solvent. Screening tests carried out on the raw sample and the crude extract using standard procedures indicated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Thin layer chromatographic result showed that the methanol and petroleum ether extracts contain at least four and two substances (compounds) respectively. It also revealed that the best eluting solvents system for the plant constituents is the mixture of n-butanol, acetic acid and water (in the ratio 5:2:3).


This paper addresses metaphorical extensions of ho , which means 'body' in Akan, a Ghanaian language. In Akan, as in many other languages, body part expressions and bodily functions have extended meanings that still relate to the basic sense of the words. Expressions derived from ho are used to talk about emotions and character traits, perhaps more extensively and pervasively than equivalent lexis in English. The data for this study are taken from interviews, questionnaires, an Akan dictionary, Akan literature, the Akan Bible and recorded materials from radio discussions. The paper supports claims in the literature that there is a strong relationship between people's conceptual, environmental, and cultural experiences and their linguistic systems.


A staff member of the Mount Wilson and Palomar Observatories reports on his six months at the Ondrejov Observatory near Prague-just before the political upheaval and invasion of that country.


Background: Fatigue is a significant health and safety-related problem among workers. In general, it decreases performance and physical strength, causing incidents and accidents in operational situations. During military activities, soldiers often encounter severe conditions, which combined lead to fatigue manifestations affecting their health and performance. Continuous monitoring of their overall health status would prevent its adverse effects. Objective: This work aimed to present the preliminary results of a retrospective assessment of military training physiological recordings using an alert-based fatigue detection algorithm to validate its accurate functioning. Methods: Three case studies from soldiers participating in military training tests were recruited for evaluation. The referred algorithm was developed to manage fatigue through the combined assessment of physiological variables and determine different fatigue levels warnings to advisetimely interventions and prevent potential health impact. Each examined case included the continuous recording of heart rate, breathing rate and core temperature. The algorithm translated physiological sensory data into minute alarms according to fatigue levels determined through the conjunction of normative and related research criteria. Results and Discussion: Outcomes revealed that the algorithm could evidence the different stages of training and the resulting physical demands on soldiers using their physiological response throughout the exercises. Retrieved fatigue alarms showed the high physiological cost of military practices and helped to overview the impact of each training period. Finally, results also demonstrated the importance of individual and contextualised assessment for accurately characterise the subject's fatigue status. Conclusions: It is concluded that the developed decision model can improve the management of real-time fatigue, allowing early detection of potential indicators of further physical impairments. Furthermore, it can lead to the enhancement of work-rest cycles, not only for tactical personnel but also for any safety-sensitive occupation. For future work, its validity will be tested through more participants, and other variableswill be added to improve its accuracy.


The ferro resonance caused by an electromagnetic potential transformer is a frequently occurring internal overvoltage in the power distribution network, and it threatens the safe operation of the network. Fast and accurate detection is the prerequisite for suppression and elimination of ferro resonance. Wavelet transform provides a powerful tool for analysis of nonstationary signals. This paper applies wavelet transform to detect ferro resonance. Analysis results show that it makes extraction of failure information accurate, and fast algorithm makes detection real time.


The kinetics of equilibration of a vegetable foodstuff with moist air are studied on the basis of its cellular structure. The problem is modelled as a coupled heat and mass transfer phenomenon; since there is a significant shrinkage as moisture decreases, the model takes the effect into account by changing the basis for the mass and energy balances. The resulting nonlinear second-order partial differencial equations are solved numerically; predicted values of moisture decrease and temperature gain with time are compared with experimental data. A sensitivity analysis of the solution to values of the transport properties shows that the value of effective diffusivity and heat and mass transfer coefficient may alter significantly the predicted equilibration kinetics and center temperature. The adopted value for heat of sorption has less influence. Changes in effective thermal conductivity and porosity bear little influence on predictions.


Some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, but many need-or expect-their instructors to inspire, challenge, and stimulate them: "Effective learning in the classroom depends on the teachers ability to maintain the interest that brought students to the course in the first place" (Ericksen, 1978, p. 3). Whatever level of motivation your students bring to the classroom will be transformed, for better or worse, by what happens in that classroom. Unfortunately, there is no single magical formula for motivating students. Many factors affect a given students motivation to work and to learn


Ni60-NB-Ag was firstly used to fabricate composites to increase the wear resistance of TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn) titanium alloy surface by means of a laser melted deposited (LMD) technique. Experimental results revealed that a large quantity of the interdendritic lamellar eutectics, the nanoscale particles (NP), and the amorphous structure were formed in such composites. During an LMD process, great amounts of Ag were released from the pre-placed layer, which increased the number of the nucleation points, favoring the formation of a fine microstructure and also the NP. However, too high Ag content led the micro-cracks to be produced. Compared with a TA7 substrate, an improvement of the wear resistance was observed for such LMD composites.


This article, based upon the idea that in non formal University spaces important processes of identity construction take place, presents an empirical study conducted in consonance with notions of the cultural studies, in relation to the issues of identity, power, sexuality and gender. The context of the study was a public university and the data was obtained mainly through the observation of hazing activities and interviews conducted with Pharmacy students. We have evidenced ways through which hazing constitutes a modern power technology. Situations were identified in which sexism, homophobe meanings and moral harassment prevail, always represented as jokes. Meanings on sexuality were found intertwined with gender and consumerism aspects: the bodies were exposed and subjected to processes which exclude what was seen as "not normal", reinforcing the hegemonic identity. Such discourses and practices build knowledge and social meanings and should receive greater attention by the University.


For the innovation of scientific and technological industry of colleges and universities,it is the prerequisite to separate "two rights"and "university and business" apart;it is the core to build new relationship of production and right,and put management systems in order;it is the key to change the systems,build and improve the structure of legal person management;it is main coutent to build new system of capital inputting and withdrawing;it is the guarantee to build new system of human capital encouragement and restraintment.


Dr. Monique Head is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Morgan State University in Baltimore, Md. She earned her bachelor and master of civil engineering degrees from the University of Delaware in 2000 and 2002, respectively, and her doctorate in structural engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in May 2007. Her research and teaching interests include experimental testing, detailed analytical modeling using state-of-the-art software to study the responses of bridges, structural dynamics, bridge engineering, performance-based bridge design using AFRP composite materials, reinforced concrete design, seismic retrofitting of bridges, and engineering education. Dr. Head is a member of several national professional organizations


The articles and commentaries that follow had their genesis at a symposium in honour of Peter Porter held at the University of London in January 2004. Three Australian-based scholars with interests in Porter's work were invited to contribute papers Bruce Bennett, Peter Steele and Adrian Caesar. British-based contributors included Clive James and John Lucas. As well as the papers on Porter's work, a group of British poets and an American made their tribute to Porter and his work. The symposium in London was planned by Ann Pender and organised by Warwick Gould, director of London University's Institute of English Studies. Other honours and awards for Porter's work as a poet had occurred. In 2002 he was awarded the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry. In 2003 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities and in early 2004 he received an Order of Australia. The London symposium preceded moves by a group of British academics and authors to nominate Porter as Professor of Poetry at Oxford University. (An editorial comment the Times Literary Supplement remarked that 'if we had a vote we would give it to Peter Porter', TLS 5 March 2004, 216). In the event, in a vote by Oxford graduates, Professor Christopher Ricks received 214 votes to Porter's 175. The following comments on Porter and his work were selected by Bruce Bennett from a video recording of a panel of British poets Anthony Thwaite, Sean O'Brien, Alan Brownjohn, Blake Morrison, Alan Jenkins and an American Michael Donaghy who gave their views on Porter and his influence. Minor adaptations have been made for the new format. The video recording was produced by Liu Hongbin.


Background: Podocyte injury plays a key role in the development of proteinuria. We previously found that the intracellular inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)- glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75)- voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)- mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) calcium axis contributes to podocyte injury in cultured mouse podocytes. This study investigated whether the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis is involved in the development and improvement of proteinuria in nephropathy rats. Methods: The expression of members of the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis in the renal cortex of a previously established adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy rat model and cultured mouse podocytes was investigated by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The effects of ruthenium red (RR), an MCU inhibitor, on interactions in the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis were investigated by in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assays. Results: In adriamycin induced nephropathy rat, the expression of members of the glomerular IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis increased significantly compared with the normal control rats. RR inhibited the upregulation of members of the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis induced by ADR and their interactions. Conclusion: The IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis is involved in proteinuria in ADR-induced nephropathy and can be inhibited by RR.


Abstract : This report describes techniques for producing acceptable exposed aggregate finishes for site-cast concrete, including chemical retardation and mechanical methods. Potentially promising techniques are evaluated with regard to labor requirements, material requirements, cost factors, and limitations.


IN the Douglas Super DC‐3 twin‐engined commercial transport, now being demonstrated throughout North and South America, may be seen an instructive example of what has come to be known in the aircraft industry as 'bread‐and‐butter engineering'—the extension of the normal life‐span of a well‐tried design by rebuilding to modern operational and airworthiness standards. The ubiquitous DC‐3, from which the 'super' version is derived, has itself long been the bread‐and‐butter work‐horse of the air transport world, but its days are numbered under promulgated I.C.A.O. regulations which become operative in 1953. By rebuilding and modernizing the DC‐3 to international civil airworthiness standards, Douglas are out to show operators that the Super DC‐3 is the logical post‐war replacement in the twin‐engined short‐haul category.


The rapid development of electronic exchange of digital information increases the importance of information security in storage and transmission of data on public communication network. Cryptography has emerged as a solution that plays an key role in the security of information against malicious attacks. There are various cipher techniques in cryptography, such as monoalphabetic cipher, polyalphabetic cipher, etc. to support data confidentiality as security mechanisms. They are methods of enveloping plain text message into cipher text protecting it from adversaries. The process of encryption of alphabets is the converting original message into non readable form. The Vigenère cipher is one of the most common basic cipher techniques. It is a polyalphabetic cipher technique which uses the Vigenère table for the process of enveloping English alphabets. But Vigenère cipher is longer vulnerable to Kasiski and Friedman attacks based on letter frequency analysis. Thus, in this paper we propose a polyalphabetic cipher that is a new encryption and decryption technique with diffusion and confusion properties based on the concept of the complex cipher used by combining of Vigenère cipher with Affine cipher for the increase of data security in data storage and transmission on public communication networks. Then, our proposed technique is extended by designing based on Myanmar alphabet characters for the increase of data security for Myanmar language. This cipher technique transforms the plain text message in Myanmar alphabet characters into the cipher text in Myanmar alphabet characters using the key in Myanmar alphabet characters.


This study aims to see the influence of infusion learning strategy on students' mathematical argumentation, in particular to those who were prospective math teachers. Method: It used an experimental research design involving 70 respondents. The experimental group implemented an infusion learning strategy, while the control group applied the conventional strategy. Both experimental and control groups had post-tests for data collection dealing with students' mathematical argumentation. The data would further be analyzed by using t-test through SPSS software. Findings: The result shows a significant difference between those two groups. Therefore, this study defines that infusion learning strategy brought effects on the mathematical argumentation of prospective math teachers. Implications for Research and Practice: The limitation of this study is the infusion learning strategy has only been tested on small samples. The researcher's suggestion is that further research can be implemented the infusion learning strategy to a larger sample. The mean score of post-test in the experimental group is 77.8571, while the mean score of post-test in the control group is 56.3143. It indicates that the mean score of experimental groups is significantly higher than the control group, and thus, it shows a significant difference between them on their scores.


STATUS AND RANK COMMENTS Wolverine (Gulo gulo) has a complicated history with the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) involving several decisions, litigations, and re-decisions, starting with a 1994 listing petition. In 2014 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) withdrew the species' Proposed Threatened status , but that withdrawal was litigated and eventually reversed by the District Court of Montana in April 2016, effectively reinstating the Proposed Threatened status . The same court decision also effectively reinstated a proposed USFWS rule to designate all Wolverines in the Southern Rocky Mountains, including southern Wyoming, as part of a Nonessential Experimental Population. Wolverine is assigned a range of state conservation ranks by the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database due to uncertainty in the amount of range actually occupied, population trends, and effects of extrinsic stressors in the state.


A Review of:Laakso, M., Matthias, L., & Jahn, N. (2021). Open is not forever: A study of vanished open access journals. Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, 72(9), 1099–1112. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24460
Objective – To determine the number of open access journals that have vanished from the web and to summarize their publishing lifespan, geographical and disciplinary characteristics.
Design – A descriptive research study.
Setting – The internet and internet archive.
Subjects – Open access journals.
Methods – To identify vanished open access (OA) journals, vanished was defined by the authors as "a journal that published at least one volume as immediate OA after which production ceased, and the journal, together with the published full-text documents, disappeared from the web." If the journal content partially existed, it would be considered as vanished if <50% was available during 12 months of data collection which occurred September 2019–September 3, 2020. In 2020, the OA journal list was created by searching Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Ulrichsweb Global Serials Directory, and Scopus title lists. The list was cross-referenced with database records from DOAJ from 2010–2012, 2012–2014, and 2014–2019; Ulrichsweb title lists from May 24, 2012, and July 3, 2018; and Scopus title lists from February 2014 and April 2018, to determine the missing titles. Previous research by the primary author and two peers, and previous publications, also contributed to the list of vanished journals. Data was collected manually, and duplicates were removed. Authors searched the Keepers Registry to be sure that the journal content was not preserved or accessible. Only titles with an ISSN number were kept in the final list. The authors then searched indexing databases and Google to find the vanished journal's website, then accessed the website through the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine to gather the information such as the year founded, last year of publication, last year available online, language, country, affiliation, and academic discipline.
Main Results – Authors identified 154 completely vanished journal titles and 20 partially vanished journal titles, to total 174 verified titles. Journals originated from 47 countries; the majority were published in English (n=137), and most were from North America, Europe and Central Asia (n=109). Social sciences and humanities domain represented 52.3% or 91 titles, and the last publication year of most titles occurred between 2010 and 2014 (n=110). The authors estimated the average time of the last published issue to the last available time on the internet to be within 1 year for 68 titles and within 5 years for 144 titles.
Conclusion – Although the results represent a small number of the available OA journals at the time of the study (1.2%), it reinforces the authors' theme that "open is not forever" and raises concern of the potential loss of scholarly work.


Fourteen companies who were winners of the Australia Quality Award between 1989 and 1993 were surveyed regarding the dynamics of the change processes, which led to their achievement of the awards. It was hypothesized that the organizations which won the award successfully managed the process of complex organizational change. The survey was designed to test various system models and change guidelines that deal with the dynamics of successful change. The authors examine relationships between the effectiveness of the various change processes covered in the questionnaire on the one hand and the perceived success of the total quality management (TQM) program on the other. This study is thus relevant to the question of the relative importance of the different factors which impact on the successful introduction of a TQM program in an organization. It was found that a number of factors were important for successful transformation to a quality culture and practice. Although clarity of vision, participation, cultural communications, and resource support were all important, the critical factor appeared to be active management support for the change.


This study aimed to design a motorcycle tire pump that uses an Android smartphone as a display of the pressure read during the pumping process, besides LCD. The motorcycle tire pump in this study is based on the NodeMCU so that the read data can be connected directly to the Android smartphone via WIFI (ESP 8266), which is already available on the microcontroller. The pressure sensor used is the MPX5700AP; the data read from the device during the pumping process can be monitored by using Blynk app that is available on the Google Play Store. The output accuracy of this sensor can be directly compared or verified with a standard pump pressure gauge, which is connected to the pump. Based on the test results, once the device is connected to the power source via adaptor, the pump works and the device provides data readings, which are displayed on the Blynk app. The defined threshold pressure is 28 psi, so the relay will switch off the pump automatically if the pressure is equal to or more than 28 psi. After testing the device for four times, the average accuracy was 0.75 %. This result indicates that the device can work quite accurately and can be used to pump the motorcycle with the appropriate pressure.


Photograph of mayor Mark Burroughs standing next to a poster advertising the City of Denton Alternative Transportation Day and featuring a pie and bar graphs showing alternative modes of transportation and participation among different groups. In the background various participants wearing green t-shirts are standing in the courtyard of City Hall (215 E. McKinney), which was designed by O'Neil Ford.


Let R be a commutative ring with identity. The cozero-divisor graph of R, denoted by Γ′(R), is a graph whose vertex set is W∗(R), the set of all non-zero and non-unit elements of R. Two distinct vertices a and b in W∗(R) are adjacent if and only if a∉Rb and b∉Ra. The Crosscap of a graph G, denoted by γ¯(G), is the minimum integer k such that the graph can be embedded in the non-orientable surface 𝒩k. The planar graph is called k-outerplanar if removing all the vertices incident on the outer face yields a (k − 1)-outerplanar. The Outerplanarity index of a graph G is the smallest k such that G is k-outerplanar. In this paper, we characterize the class of rings R (up to isomorphism) for which 0 < γ¯(Γ′(R)) ≤ 2. Further we characterize all finite rings R (up to isomorphism) for which Γ′(R) has an outerplanarity index two.


tive state. Archives of Neurology 2007; 64: 1098–102. 27. Monti MM, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Coleman MR, et al. Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness. New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 362: 579–89. 28. Nachev P, Hacker PM. Covert cognition in the persistent vegetative state. Progress in Neurobiology 2010; 91: 68– 76. 29. Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Ou FS, et al. The association of admission heart rate and in-hospital cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from 135 164 patients in the CRUSADE quality improvement initiative. European Heart Journal 2010; 31: 552–60. 30. Mashour GA. Consciousness unbound: toward a paradigm of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 428–33. 31. Noreika V, Jylh€ankangas L, M or o L, et al. Consciousness lost and found: subjective experiences in an unresponsive state. Brain and Cognition 2011; 77: 327–34. 32. Avidan MS, Mashour GA. The incidence of intra-operative awareness in the UK: under the rate or under the radar? Anaesthesia 2013; 68: 334–8. 33. Woodall N, Cook TM. A national census of airway management techniques employed during anaesthesia in the UK: results of the first phase of the 4th National Audit Project at the Royal College of Anaesthetists. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011; 106: 266–7. 34. Bruchas RR, Kent CD, Wilson HD, Domino KB. Anesthesia awareness: narrative review of psychological sequelae, treatment, and incidence. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 2011; 18: 257–67.


Topology identification is an important tool to facilitate analyzing, predicting and controlling network behaviour. In the following thesis, we study topology identification for networks with general time-invariant linear node dynamics, and we propose an identification approach based on subspace identification methods. The approach is derived in two steps. First, the network dynamics are determined based on input/output (I/O) data, using a subspace identification algorithm. Then, under suitable identifiability conditions, the network topology can be obtained by solving a system of linear equations. The resulting method has been coded in MatLab and validated by means of an example network. We conclude that a network's topology can be identified based on measured input/output data using a subspace identification method, assuming that the local node dynamics are known.


Vegetation and environmental variables were examined in some coulees of the Oldman River near Lethbridge, Alta. Principal components analysis of environmental variables indicated that solar energy, aspect, soil Mg2+, , and moisture were related to the first axis of variation. Slope position, soil , moisture, K+, , and amount of bare ground were related to a second axis of variation. There was a large range in species diversity among plots; most diverse plots were on north-facing slopes. Direct ordination of vegetation data indicated that slope position and aspect were most important in describing distribution of species. Koeleria macrantha, Bouteloua gracilis, Stipa comata, and Artemisia frigida were found on most coulee positions. Hymenoxys richardsonii, Machaeranthera grindeloides, Astragalus spatulatus, and Eriogonum flavum were mostly restricted to summit and upper slope positions. Anemone patens, Geum triflorum, Thermopsis rhombifolia, and others were most abundant on north- and east-facing slopes. F...


The paper establishes the structure spatial mechanics model and carries on the simulation analysis under the SIMULINK environment as the substitution convention dynamic response time interval analysis method.Through the contrast the Wilson-θ time interval analysis coding program and this article model,it confirms the validity of model.


Transient Elastography enables detection and characterization of tissue abnormalities. In this paper we assume that the displacements are modeled by linear isotropic elasticity system and the tissue displacement has been obtained by the first step in hybrid methods. Then we reconstruct the Lam\'e parameters of this system from knowledge of tissue displacement. We show that for a sufficiently large number of solutions of the elasticity system and for an open set of the well-chosen boundary conditions, $(\lambda,\mu)$ can be uniquely and stably reconstructed. The set of well-chosen boundary conditions is characterized in terms of appropriate complex geometrical optics solutions.


Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in different age group of patients with megaloblasticanemia.Material & Methods: It is descriptive cross-sectional study in which 84 patients with megaloblastic anemia were selectedat department of pathology Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar-Pakistan from January 2018 to June 2018. Patientswere divided in different age of groups. Complete blood count and serum B12 levels were measured.Results: Among 84 patients, 54 (64.3%) were male while 30 (35.7%) were female. The mean age of participants ofstudy was 41.9 years (SD ±19.7) with age range from 1 to 85 years. There were 50 (60%) patients with vitamin B12deficiency. Among patients with vitamin B12 deficiency 32 (64%) were male while 18 (36%) were female. Regardingvarious age groups, similar number of patients i.e. 16, reported in each of age group 31 to 45 years and more than 45years. In age group 16 to 30 years, 14 patients had vitamin B12 deficiency.Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is common, irrespective of gender and age groups in megaloblastic anemia patients


Using microwave and spin wave spectroscopy measurements, we examine the recently discovered room temperature magnetoelectric (ME) Ni/BaTiO3 nanocomposites (NCs) fabricated under uniaxial compression. Over the compositional range explored, we observe a significant variation in the microwave absorption spectrum of the NCs as a function of the Ni content. We argue that the relative change in the spin wave (SW) group velocity is related to the internal field determined from ferromagnetic resonance and the ME coupling coefficient evaluated by microwave spectroscopy in these samples. This suggests that the SW features are set by the local (internal) magnetic field. These observations suggest a broader opportunity to probe the collective spin–environment interactions in ME NCs.


This essay investigates the critical reception of the documentary Jazz: The Story of America's Music , directed by Ken Burns and shown on PBS in 2001. Although studies on reception are now common regarding television, the reception of documentary is an underexplored area. Typically, documentary theory has placed an emphasis on truth and epistemology; only recently have there been inquiries on audiences. Expanding on the latter contributions, the author looks at critics' reception of the documentary and the way identity and truth related to racialized interpretations of the text. The author's analysis suggests that these viewers responded strongly to the documentary's racial arguments. However, the responses were not determined by the viewer's race. To reconcile this finding with an idea of race as determinant of reception, the author proposes that it is not the viewer's racial identity but the function of race in the viewer's life that determines modes of reception.


Millions of mathematical formulas are typeset annually. Most of the numbers we see in print are produced by computer. So are the indexes and catalogs issued by database publishers. Charts and diagrams and other products of computer graphics have replaced manually drafted copy. But most of the formulas in mathematics, engineering and science publications are still derived and coded by hand. The TeXForm function in Release 2 of Mathematica [1], and some more extensive resources in Release 3 [2], provide a bridge between symbolic computation and computer composition. The author's mathscape system was designed to strengthen the bridge. Written in Release 2 of Mathematica, it is in ongoing use by the author, and it has produced several hundred typeset pages of heavily mathematical material already. It subsumes work reported previously as bilo and forTeX [3]. It produces a document from a control file containing: • statements that Mathematica evaluates for inclusion in the output, • formatting information and other statements to be executed silently, flagged by the # symbol, • text coded in LTEX, with each record flagged with an *, or in a text environment between # beginText and # endText markers. Then, within a Mathematica session, the mathscape package is loaded, and the mathscape statement autorecord[controlFileName]: • makes Mathematica read the control file and convert its contents to the LATEX coded representation of the document that is being created, • invokes LATEX to convert this to a dvi file, • invokes a preview program, and • prints the typeset product if requested. In this way, the document can be crafted interactively. Graphics can be incorporated with ease. The system was started to meet some major needs of research publication. The production of problem sets and worked examples for teaching has been addressed extensively. So has the production of tables of formulas for reference. A tutorial introduction to mathscape and a systematic review are available [4]. The production of the following boxed output illustrates the control file conventions.


The objective of most published tuning rules is "tight" or fast control, subject to avhieving acceptable robustness. This gives a maximum limit on the controller gain. In industrial practice, however, the objective is often "smooth" or slow control, subject to achieving acceptable performance in terms of disturbance rejection. This paper provides the corresponding minimum limit on the controller gain. In terms of appropriately scaled variables, the minimum controller gain is approximately 1, which justifies default settings commonly used in industry.


: The Wireless Sensor Networks comprises a set of sensors situated at different locations, usually employed for the gathering of data and tracking applications like monitoring the movement of autonomous nodes in both static and dynamic environments. However, the design of WSN has some the vulnerabilities mainly; its security problems nowadays are found hot research topics in many applications by the researchers. To prevent sinkhole attacks, this paper is doing some research on it and will try to deploy an enhancing and Optimized Artificial Bee Colony algorithm based on fuzzy logic to improve sinkhole detection via packet delivery rate, packet drop, energy exchange, and throughput in a wireless sensor network. Lastly, a simulation using NS2 is performed to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy by showing initial results and the expected outcome of the proposed model, and the executed simulation result shows that the proposed model could work to some extent.


The aesthetics of current dermatology clinics are the main space of dermatology, which is gradually becoming an area of specialty. Paths requiring spatial transition due to the expansion of treatment field in dermatology clinics are currently emerging, meaning that the duty to provide medical and aesthetic environment with high spatial connection must be accompanied. Contrary to past clinics where only functional aspects were emphasized, current clinics require a differentiated environment that considers both aspects of function and aesthetics, centered on the patient. The purpose of this research in this perspective is to study the efficient connection between dermatology and aesthetics, while also analyzing identity factors to indicate design factors differentiated from other functional spaces, to apply them as preliminary data for the planning of dermatology clinics. Based on the above, six dermatology clinics located in Seoul were designated for case studies through field studies. Overall, Aesthetics connected to dermatology clinics legally must have separate business registrations and have alternative entrance ways. Currently however, there were many cases where entrance, waiting, reception and receipt were not separated. there were efforts to partially display identities when analyzing design factors that formed the identity of dermatology clinics. However, there were insufficient cases where visual communication factors such as a clinic's spatial identity, logo, signing system, and applied products were integrated into a coherent theme. At this point when dermatology clinics are becoming brands, all fields must merge for integrated identity effects that go beyond the boundaries of contemporary H.I, to clearly display their identity with the clinics' professional image and consistent concept.


Peter Karnøe, a researcher at Aalborg University (Department of Development and Planning) and member of a new research center for Design and Innovation for Sustainable Transition (DIST), is a specialist in the socio-economic analysis of innovation processes and has contributed extensively to the understanding of technological dynamics in the energy sector. His current research on the valuation of wind power is directly connected to his participation in policy initiatives in Denmark. Peter Karnøe is also a member of the Advisory Committee of the Observatory for Responsible Innovation. This short position piece builds on a discussion hosted by the Working Group on Built-in Renewable Energy in Architecture at Mines ParisTech (14 May 2012). Peter Karnøe examines the technical and political conditions in which the value of wind power can be established and re-established, with reference to the Danish case. The Danish wind power trajectory How disruptive is wind power? How does it alter and confront existing energy arrangements? The question is worthwhile asking in the light of the Danish experience, as the country stand as a particularly exciting real scale experiment in energy policy. Wind power went in Denmark from a completely marginal source of energy in the late 1970s to an almost dominant source, at least centrally located in today's Danish energy strategy. Political determination has signaled an ambitious 50% target for 2020. But wind power and wind-power technology meet an already-existing technological environment, mostly characterized by a centralized system of electricity production and distribution. Wind power needs to cope with a whole already-set energy arrangement. And this translates into a series of disruptions that require careful consideration. What happened throughout the Danish wind power trajectory? How did opposing forces operate in the 1970s? How did different "networks of power" (in both senses of the word) evolve? Concerned groups articulated wind power in a particular manner. Opposition to nuclear power was becoming a crucial element in the 1960s, but it intensified after the 1973-energy crisis. The energy crisis was used by the societal (network) coalition behind nuclear power to advocate nuclear power as the "natural response". The spurred counteraction from the anti-nuclear groups and together groups advocating for renewable energy "Wind power went in Denmark from a completely marginal source of energy in the late 1970s to an almost dominant source, at least centrally located in today's Danish energy strategy." Debating Innovation 2012 Vol. 2(3): 72-77 How disruptive is wind power? A lesson from Denmark P. Karnøe www.debatinginnovation.org ‐ ISSN 2257-7785 ‐ © 2012 Observatory for Responsible Innovation 74 and the limits to growth mobilized to shift the dominant agenda. Determination in favor of nuclear power was the main response to this movement. The Director of Electrical Utility Association in Denmark (which was preparing for nuclear power since the 1950s), famously claimed at that time: "you may discuss as much as you like but nuclear power you will get". The first official Danish energy plan of 1976 focused on a shift from oil to coal dependency, with an emphasis on nuclear power, energy efficiency and domestic energy sources. But the coalition of groups contesting the "established networks of power" managed to penetrate the energy technical and political assemblage, in a mostly experimental manner. For example prominent scientists from the Academy of Technical Sciences made calculation-based reports with scenarios of wind power and proposed experimental testing to part of the official energy policy. However, Christian Riisager, carpenter and prominent wind turbine "hacker" of 1976, was pivotal in the wind power trajectory. Mainly concerned by the electricity bill and motivated by a rather romanticized relation to harnessing energy from the wind, Riisager constructed his own wind turbine and connected it to the grid, without asking for permission. He looked at his meter, the story goes, and noticed it was running backwards. Meanwhile, nothing seemed to break down in the neighborhood. He then went to the local director of the electric utility to request an official authorization to connect to the grid. This socio-technical act had of course important political and organizational consequences. Riisager's action felt into a regulatory "no man's land" as the regulatory framework for power generation did not include the option of grid-connected wind turbines ‐ only for centralized power plants. The Danish Electrical Association of Utilities developed a set of guidelines that granted wind turbines the right to be connected to the grid ‐ and to pay the power producer a modest price for the electricity. This soon became a recipe that started to circulate and stood as a stimulant proof for further initiatives. In order to understand the penetration of the existing network of power it is important to follow these sorts of historical details. The Danish energy technological trajectory is heavily path-dependent, but we need to appreciate the path-creation endeavors of actors that attempt to break dependencies. Rather than being the outcome of grand political initiatives, this trajectory is the result of an accumulation and assemblage of socio-technical experiments, struggles and mobilizations. The situation evolved in the 1980s and the 1990s, with new key concerns, new forms of coalition, new regulatory initiatives. The concerned groups against nuclear power and pro-renewable energy jointly with scientists-activists were pivotal in my view, with their capacity to organize political mobilization and technical demonstrations of wind-power scenarios and trajectories. In 1980s, the reached institutional and technical arrangements for large-scale wind turbines proved rather poor (definitely not a success), compared to the arrangement for small wind turbines (à la Riisager). Utilities, on the other hand, did not fear wind turbines: these "The Danish energy technological trajectory is heavily pathdependent, but we need to appreciate the pathcreation endeavors of actors that attempt to break dependencies. Rather than being the outcome of grand political initiatives, this trajectory is the result of an accumulation and assemblage of sociotechnical experiments, struggles and mobilizations." Debating Innovation 2012 Vol. 2(3): 72-77 How disruptive is wind power? A lesson from Denmark P. Karnøe www.debatinginnovation.org ‐ ISSN 2257-7785 ‐ © 2012 Observatory for Responsible Innovation 75 represented hardly anything, and nuclear power was not out of the game yet in the early 1980s. But the wind power coalition grew stronger, technically and politically, especially in the 1990s. Nuclear energy had been politically ruled out in 1985. CO2 concerns came to the forefront in 1990s where Denmark formulated national energy plans in 1990 and in 1996 that was integrating CO2-emissions as a criterion for the policy. For example, decentralized power plants, which were fostered in part by the development of infrastructures for natural gas, constituted a rather hospitable technical environment for wind power, and could be fuelled with biomass. From 1990 to 2000 the share of wind power in the Danish electricity system increased from 2 to 15%. These good days for wind power did not continue. A governmental shift led to a strong wind power skepticism (and climate change skepticism), and that characterized the political developments in the 2000s, when for example ambitious off-shore wind farm agreements reached in the 1990s were meeting a dead-end. Further, in the face of a liberalization and socalled more "responsible economic policy" and assessment of the Danish wind turbine trajectory by the Economic Council concluded in a highly contested cost-benefit analyses that that societal investments in wind power had not been economically responsible due to the low societal return on investment. Consequently a conclusion circulated that "wind power is too expensive". But things started to change in favor of wind power as the climate change and wind turbine skeptic prime minister in a public speech in 2008 (before the COP 15 in Copenhagen) said: "I am sorry ‐ I was wrong about the climate change". This stimulated governmental evolutions and enhanced a new national compromise on wind power in the 2010s, quite importantly. Wind was granted a central position in the Danish energy strategy, and the new National Energy Act was approved in Parliament in 2012. Conditions for a shifting valuation of wind power Since the 1970s the wind power penetration in Denmark shifted historically from "impossible innocence" to "disruption at work". Why disruption? Isn't the becoming of a "network-of-windpower" just a matter of political will and of liking or disliking wind power? Well, the argument is well-known: higher shares of wind power mean higher costs in the electricity system (as long as externalities are excluded from fossil fuels). Electricity is defined by a "load balance" set at a specific frequency, 50Hz, in real time. Power generation needs to meet consumption on a fine-grained matching basis. Fluctuations in power generation are not by any means restricted to wind power, though wind power is admittedly greatly intermittent. The larger the share of wind power in a particular grid, the more the "load balance" will depend on a source that cannot be fine-tuned: the utility cannot ask for more or less wind. And, consequently, the more standby power will have to be available in that grid (coal, for example). Hence the Debating Innovation 2012 Vol. 2(3): 72-77 How disruptive is wind power? A lesson from Denmark P. Karnøe www.debatinginnovation.org ‐ ISSN 2257-7785 ‐ © 2012 Observatory for Responsible Innovation 76 disruption: the material violation of the electricity system when wind power is massively plugged-in. Wind power disturbs the l


Because of the cost efficiency of modern machines, the design of a damper winding in a synchronous machine must be met the following both subjects. One criterion is a functional design, and a second one is an as cheap as possible design. Normally, the complete damper cage is substituted by the slot wedges of the rotor. But this replacement cage isn't as effective as the original cage [1]. Furthermore the damping moments of the eddy currents in the massive rotor and in massive parts of a synchronous machine don't changed. So in the case of an absent damper winding the sum of the damping moments decreases. In order to answer the question of the aims of a built in complete damper cage it must be differentiated between synchronous generators and motors. Generators have to produce sinusoidal voltages. As a result, the damping of higher harmonics in the generator is important. Furthermore, the damping of the negative sequence caused by an increased asymmetric load must be defined by the consumer. Normally, a five percent asymmetric load is acceptable. In the case of synchronous motors the damping of load impulses are important. One result is the difference between the damping moment of a complete built in damper cage and an incomplete built in damper cage. In addition this paper treats about the damping of higher harmonics and the damping of the negative sequence rotating field.


This paper describes an algorithm based on the interaction prediction principle for computing decentralized minimum-energy control of linear systems with prescribed initial and final states. The technique is noniterative at the infimal level, and utilizes a reinjection type coordinator with constant averaging. Results are summarized for computational experiments comparing the effects of subsystem interactions and averaging on convergence.


Children's intelligence development can be affected by long-dated endemic fluorsis exposure,The Children's intelligence level of the fluorsis-poisoned area was lower significantly than of the control group.It's important for promoting Children's bealth to make effective prevention for endemic fluorsis.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a relatively commonly encountered tachyarrhythmia, with its prevalence increasing with increase in age. AF is usually associated with an underlying cardiac disease, but transient AF has also been reported from mechanical stretch and compression. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports of vascular stent migration to intra-cardiac cavity causing AF. We present a case of endovascular stent migration into the cardiac cavities which could have triggered the AF in presence of other risk factors.


In this work, a design strategy for optimising thin-walled structures based on a global-local finite element (FE) modelling approach is presented. The preliminary design of thin-walled structures can be stated in the form of a constrained non-linear programming problem (CNLPP) involving requirements of different nature intervening at the different scales of the structure. The proposed multi-scale optimisation (MSO) strategy is characterised by two main features. Firstly, the CNLPP is formulated in the most general sense by including all design variables involved at each pertinent scale of the problem. Secondly, two scales (with the related design requirements) are considered: (a) the structure macroscopic scale, where low-fidelity FE models are used and (b) the structure mesoscopic scale (or component level), where more accurate FE models are involved. In particular, the mechanical responses of the structure are evaluated at both global and local scales, avoiding the use of approximated analytical methods. The MSO is here applied to the least-weight design of an aluminium fuselage barrel of a wide-body aircraft. Fully parametric global and local FE models are interfaced with an in-house metaheuristic algorithm. Refined local FE models are created only for critical regions of the structure, automatically detected during the global analysis, and linked to the global one, thanks to the implementation of a sub-modelling approach. The whole process is completely automated, and once set, it does not need any further user intervention.


Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication, participating in the paracrine trophic support or in the propagation of toxic molecules, including proteins. RTP801 is a stress‐regulated protein, whose levels are elevated during neurodegeneration and induce neuron death. However, whether RTP801 toxicity is transferred trans‐neuronally via EVs remains unknown. Hence, we overexpressed or silenced RTP801 protein in cultured cortical neurons, isolated their derived EVs (RTP801‐EVs or shRTP801‐EVs, respectively), and characterized EVs protein content by mass spectrometry (MS). RTP801‐EVs toxicity was assessed by treating cultured neurons with these EVs and quantifying apoptotic neuron death and branching. We also tested shRTP801‐EVs functionality in the pathologic in vitro model of 6‐Hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Expression of RTP801 increased the number of EVs released by neurons. Moreover, RTP801 led to a distinct proteomic signature of neuron‐derived EVs, containing more pro‐apoptotic markers. Hence, we observed that RTP801‐induced toxicity was transferred to neurons via EVs, activating apoptosis and impairing neuron morphology complexity. In contrast, shRTP801‐EVs were able to increase the arborization in recipient neurons. The 6‐OHDA neurotoxin elevated levels of RTP801 in EVs, and 6‐OHDA‐derived EVs lost the mTOR/Akt signalling activation via Akt and RPS6 downstream effectors. Interestingly, EVs derived from neurons where RTP801 was silenced prior to exposing them to 6‐OHDA maintained Akt and RPS6 transactivation in recipient neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that RTP801‐induced toxicity is transferred via EVs, and therefore, it could contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, in which RTP801 is involved.


Abstract. We report a series of studies aimed at shedding more light on the development mechanism of zirconium (Zr)-based extreme-UV hybrid photoresists. In earlier works, our group demonstrated that Zr-based hybrid resists are capable of resolving 30-nm half-pitch features with a very high sensitivity in the range of 1 to 20  mJ/cm2, which renders these materials potential candidates in the area of nonchemically amplified inorganic resists. While attractive because of its high sensitivity, Zr-methacrylic acid suffers from scumming problems. In an effort to better understand what controls sensitivity and scumming phenomena, we employed a combination of analytical techniques (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to study the patterning mechanism in detail, to be able to optimize the development process and develop systems with optimal features.


A fast person re-identification method is presented to improve searching speed for current situation of huge data in video surveillance system.Pedestrian in the image is partitioned by adopting perceptual principles of symmetry and asymmetry.Then, maximally stable color regions are detected on each part of the human body.Grouped based on body partition,MSCR features are clustered using K-means algorithm in each group.A dictionary of visual words and inverted index are structured based on the center of clustering,aiming at speeding the matching progress of person re-identification.Experimental results show that the method proposed is more efficient than former method with the guarantee of searching accuracy.


14C-Mestranol (5 \g=m\c) was administered orally in a Lyndiol\s=r\**-tablet (= 5 mg lynestrenol*** + 150 \g=m\g mestranol) to four women using Lyndiol\s=r\during the lactation period shortly after delivery. The concentration of radioactivity in the plasma and the excretion of radioactivity in the urine and milk were studied. The clearance rate of radioactivity from the blood was very low. A halflife in the order of 40\p=n-\60 h was found for labelled [00BB]mestranoland its metabolites[00AB].In three cases 31\p=n-\36% of the radioactivity was excreted into the urine within 5 days after oral administration of the labelled material; in the fourth patient this value was about 52 %. During a collection period of 4 days after the oral administration of the 14C-mestranol-containing tablet, 0.0002\p=n-\0.013 per cent of the administered dose was excreted into the milk. These very low values were partly due to the low amounts of milk that could be collected. It was calculated that with the regular oral administration of one Lyndiol\s=r\-tabletdaily, with 150 \g=m\gmestranol per tablet, about 0.03\p=n-\0.06 \g=m\g(0.02\p=n-\0.04 % of the administered dose) of mestranol or its metabolites might be excreted per 100 ml milk. The significance of these amounts, in view of the transfer to infants during breast-feeding, is discussed. Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Rotterdam Medical Faculty, Rotter¬ dam, The Netherlands. Trade name N. V. Organon, Oss, The Netherlands. The following trivial names have been used: Lynestrenol: 17a-ethynyl-oestr-4-en-17/3-ol Mestranol: 17a-ethynyl-oestra-l,3,5(10)-triene-3,17/?-diol 3-methyl ether Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 10/24/2018 12:29:15PM via free access In a previous publication (Van der Molen et al. 1969) the fate of lynestrenol, the progestagen of the oral contraceptives Lyndiol-2.5® and Ovostat®** was studied after oral administration of 14C-lynestrenol to women taking Lyndiol®tablets. Since mestranol is the oestrogenic compound of the above mentioned products and is also used in many other oral contraceptives, it seemed of general interest to perform a similar study with 14C-mestranol. This communication presents the plasma levels of the radioactivity and the excretion of radioactivity in milk and urine after the oral administration of 4-14C-mestranol in Lyndiol®-tablets to four normal women during the early post-partum lactation period. METHODS AND MATERIALS uC-mestranol 4-14C-mestranol, with a specific activity of 34.2 //c/mg, was obtained from New England Nuclear Corp. (Boston, Massachusetts, U. S. .). Checks on radiochemical purity were performed by thin layer chromatography on silica plates, with and without added unlabelled mestranol, using the following systems: benzene: ethyl acetate (9:1, v/v), cyclohexane: acetone (9:1, v/v), cyclohexane: ethyl acetate (9:1, v/v), and -heptane: acetone (2:1, v/v). In all cases, autoradiograms made from TLC-plates with Kodak No-Screen X-ray film, revealed for the radioactive compound only one spot, with the same mobility as non-radioactive mestranol. From the specific activities of 14C-mestranol, applied to the thin layer plates after dilution of the radioactive preparation with unlabelled mestranol, it could be concluded that the radiochemical purity of the preparation was at least 99.5 Vo. Preparation of uC-mestranol-containing tablets In previous investigations on the metabolism of 14C-lynestrenol (Van der Molen et al. 1969) it was observed that the pharmaceutical form of orally administered lynestrenol may greatly influence the absorption. Consequently Lyndiol®-t*a6Zeí5 containing 14Cmestranol were used. As outlined by Cox el al. (1968), the preparation of small series of tablets with relatively low amounts of radioactive material needs special care. For our series of tablets containing 14C-mestranol a satisfactory procedure was essentially as follows: 1.997 g of a carefully powdered granulate, containing all the necessary ingredients for the preparation of Lyndiol®-tablets except mestranol, were mixed in a counting vial of 20 ml with 3 ml ethanol, containing 3 mg of a mixture of unlabelled mestranol and 100 μ of 14C-mestranoI. The greater part of the ethanol was carefully removed in a slow stream of nitrogen at 50°C. Subsequently the walls of the vial were rinsed with ethanol and the ethanol was evaporated in the same way. To obtain a dry powder the remaining part of the ethanol was removed in a vacuum desiccator for 30 min and the resulting powder equilibrated with room-air. After carefully scraping any adhering powder from the glass wall, 6 glass beads of different sizes were added into the vial, after which the vial was closed and wrapped in polyethylene. Manual shaking for 30 min with tapping of the vial every 2-3 min to keep the glass walls free from adhering powder, yielded a fine homogenous powder. This powder, after removal of Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 10/24/2018 12:29:15PM via free access the glass beads, was used for the preparation of the tablets. During tabletting the punchers of the tabletting machine were adjusted in such a way that the first 12 tablets weighed about 100 mg each, whereas the 8 remaining tablets weighed from 73 to 97 mg. These tablets were used for assessing the amount of radioactivity per tablet. Radio¬ activity was determined after dispersing a tablet of known weight in 1 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask of 50 ml, and adding Bray's scintillator to 50 ml. Aliquots of 100 μ of the clear supernatant were counted in 16 ml of Bray's scintillator, using l-14C-hexadecane as internal standard. The relationship between the amount of radio¬ activity per tablet, in «c/tablet (y), and the weight of the tablet in mg ( ) was found to be: y = 0.0517, with a residual standard deviation of 0.032 (7 degrees of freedom). From this relationship the radioactivity of the tablets used for the present study was calculated (Table 1). The equivalent mestranol weight as given in Table 1 was cal¬ culated from the amounts of mestranol used (carrier + radioactive) and the manufac¬ turer's declaration for the specific activity of 14C-mestranol. A quantitative estimation of the mestranol content per 100 mg tablet weight was performed after thin layer chromatography of the extract, using a Kober reaction for the extract of the main spot. This estimation demonstrated the presence of 143.3 /Ag of mestranol per 100 mg in¬ stead of the calculated 150 μg, viz. 4.4 Vo too low. In view of the reliability (precision) of this assay the calculated mestranol weight per tablet was accepted to be the true value. Lyndiol®-tablets Normal tablets, as commercially available, containing 5 mg lynestrenol and 150 μg mestranol, were used. Materials used for counting radioactivity All solvents used were of analytical grade. The scintillators were of »scintillation grade«. »Hyamine« refers to a one-molar solution of hydroxide of Hyamine 10X in methanol, as commercially available from Packard Instrument Company Inc. Radioactivity measurements Counting vials with plasma were prepared in triplicate, using the following pro Table 1. Weight (/¿g) and μ of 14C-mestranol in labelled Lyndiol®-tablets. Equivalent mestranol weight: calculated amount of mestranol per tablet. Tablet No. Tablet weight (mg) 95 Vo confidence interval for radioactivity (in μ ) Equivalent mestranol weight (,«g) Used for case 100.9 98.8 96.6 98.0 5.22 ± 0.04 5.11 ±0.03 5.00 ± 0.03 5.07 ± 0.03 153 150 146 148 XI XII XIII XIV Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 10/24/2018 12:29:15PM via free access cedure: 0.5 ml of plasma was mixed in a counting vial with 3 ml Hyamine and the mixture shaken for 1-1.5 h at 55°C in a Dubnoff shaker. After cooling to room temperature, 12.5 ml of a scintillator mixture TCS (10 g PPO + 0.15 g POPOP + 1000 ml toluene + 250 ml methylcellosolve) was added and each vial was counted for at least two cycles of 30 min. In the present study the amounts of milk collected by mechanical means were too low for assaying the individual milk fractions. Conse¬ quently the volumes of the separate milk fractions were measured and the volumes collected at lOOO, 1400, 1700, 2000, 2300 and 6OO were quantitatively transferred into one glass vessel and the combined fractions were considered to represent the milk collected during one day. The daily milk fractions thus obtained were lyophilized and the dry residues extracted four times with methylcellosolve: ether (3:1, v/v). The first three extracts were combined and evaporated under a stream of nitrogen to about 0.1 ml. The precipitate was taken up in 9-10 ml of the same solvent mixture. From the clear supernatant two counting samples were prepared, each containing 4 ml of the extract and 12 ml of Bray scintillator. The fourth extract was treated separately in the same way to check the efficiency of the extraction. All milk samples were counted for at least 5 X 30 min per vial. In a few instances, with milk samples containing a relatively high amount of radio¬ activity, the milk residue left after the fourth extraction was dried in vacuo and the dry residue used for the preparation of tablets of about 400 mg. These tablets were combusted with oxygen, as described by Kalberer Sc Rutschmann (1961). It was found that these residues contained negligible amounts of radioactivity, if any (the count rates obtained were hardly above background level). Urine samples were prepared for counting in triplicate by mixing 1 ml of urine and 15 ml of Bray's scintillator (Bray 1960) in a counting vial. After centrifugation, the samples were counted for a period of 30 min each. Measurement of radioactivity was performed in a TriCarb liquid scintillation spec¬ trometer model 3375 and an automatic external standardization method was used for the determination of the counting efficiency. During the experimental period the standard error of the counting efficiency, as judged from standard samples with known radioac


Testosterone and its analogs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids, have been widely used in athletics for over 35 years, and it appears that their use has continued to escalate recently. Unfortunately, most of the research available on these drugs has involved subjects being administered modest doses in laboratory settings, rather than the large doses used illicitly by actual athletes in the field. As a result, there are limited data available on the medical and psychiatric effects of these drugs under the conditions that they are most commonly used.


A VOLUNTARY DEMONSTRATION project launched by the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) will test the theory that having primary care practices coordinate care through a patientcentered model can reduce health care costs and improve patient health. TheComprehensivePrimaryCareInitiative,announcedSeptember28,willtake place in 5 to 7 health insurance markets acrossthecountry,withabout75primary carepracticeswithlargenumbersofMedicareandMedicaidpatientsparticipating ineachmarket.The initiative,whichwill cover as many as 330 750 Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries, is one of several projects launchedbytheDHHSaspartof thePatientProtectionandAffordableCare Act'smandatetoexplorewaystopromote coordinatedandlower-costcarewhileimproving patient health. Primarycarepractices thatparticipate intheinitiativeareexpectedtohelpMedicare and Medicaid patients with serious or chronic diseases follow personalized care plans, provide patients 24-hour access to care and health information, deliverpreventivecare,engagepatientsand their families intheirowncare,andwork together with other physicians, including specialists, to provide better coordinated care. To help defray the costs of rampingupapractice'sobligations,Medicare will pay these physician offices, on average, $20 per Medicare member per month for the first 2 years of the initiative. For years 3 and 4, the average reimbursement will drop to $15 per member permonth,butpracticeswillhavetheopportunity toshare inaportionof thetotal savings in their particular market. Akeycomponentoftheinitiativeishavingmultiple insurerswithinamarketvoluntarilyagreeingtoparticipatetoprovide enhancedsupportaboveandbeyondvisitbased fee-for-service payments, such as caremanagement feesand incentives for effective uses of resources, said Richard Baron,MD,directorof theSeamlessCare Models Group in the Centers for MedicareMthisfeeisastrategy to address it,"said Stream, a family practice physician in Spokane, Wash. Eugene Rich, MD, who studies clinicalpracticetransformationandisasenior fellowwithMathematicaPolicyResearch in Washington, DC, views the initiative favorably, saying the key is to get payers in line to reimburse for services that improvecarequality."Oneofthechallenges any initiative has is in dealing with multiple payers, so this project will pull payers together in their markets first before gettingproviderstoparticipate,"Richsaid. "It makes it easier for primary care physicians toparticipate if allormostareoperatingbasedoncommonexpectations." Baronsaidhehopesprimarycarepracticesofall sizesagree toparticipate in the initiative because the DHHS wants each demonstration project to reflect its own market'scaredeliverylandscape.Practices hopingtoparticipateintheinitiativemust use electronic health record systems or electronicregistries;mustbeprimarycare practicesthatprovidethefirstpointofcontact for patients and ongoing care; and must be led by a board-certified general practitioner, internist, family physician, geriatrician, or advanced practice nurse (as allowed by state law). The practices mustconsistmostlyofprimarycareprofessionals.Also,thesepracticesmusthave at least 60% of their revenues generated by payers participating in this initiative andhaveaminimumof200eligiblenoninstitutionalized Medicare beneficiaries whoareeligible for aPartAandenrolled in a Part B but not in a Part C plan, Medicare Cost Plan, Demonstrations Plan, or PACE Plan, and who do not have endstage renal disease.


The orange-red spectrum of  the skin of  electric yellow (Labidochromis caeruleus) is  one  of  the  idealistic and  necessary  schemas sought  by  aquarists  and commercial producers. In this study, the effect of live foods meal on the skin coloration of juvenile electric yellow was examined. 270 fish with an average living body weight was 0.42 ± 0.11 g, and average total length was 3.3 ± 0.35 cm. Their sex was not taken into consideration. . The  fish  were  fed  twice  in  the  morning  and  afternoon  by  3-5 percent of the biomass for 8 weeks. The six different treatments (three replicates/treatment) used in the experiment were used. Skin color was measured in below the dorsal fin of all fish. Measurements were recorded at the end of the feeding trial using a Konica Minolta Chroma Meter CR400. At the end of the trial, the carotenoid supplemented diets significantly increased the values of redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and chroma (C*), and decreased the values of lightness (L*) and hue (Hoab) on the tail, body, and head areas (p<0.05). luminosity  (L*)  and  hue (H°ab) were less in fishes fed the diets with live foods and astaxanthin than  in  fishes  fed  the  control  diet  with  no pigment sources (p<0.05). yellowness  (b*),  and  Chroma  (C*)  were  greater in fish  fed  the culex and were  less  in  fish  fed  the control diet(p<0.05). Results  show  that  live foods used in this trial  can  be  used  as  an  alternative natural  carotenoid  source  in  electric yellow  diets.


A process for producing a semiconductor device comprising: Heating a substrate surface at least at an operating temperature of an electroless plating solution during at least a pre-treatment process, a metallization, and in contact with the substrate surface to bring the electroless plating solution to fill trenches and vias with metal, wherein the temperature of the substrate surface is at or above the operating temperature of the electroless plating solution.


To illustrate the challenges and potential of advanced wafer bonding, this paper deals with the boding of silicon wafers, which are patterned and partially oxidized. Two kinds of bonded structures are reported. The buried oxide is patterned in thick and thin regions. The bonded interface can be formed by either Si or SiO/sub 2/ onto either SiO/sub 2/ or mixed Si-SiO/sub 2/ bonding (MSOI structures). In the second case, the pattern of the handle wafer is composed by Si and SiO/sub 2/ structures onto which a Si layer is transferred. The bonded interface is formed by Si/Si and Si/SiO/sub 2/ mixed bonding (PSOI) leading to isolated SOI structures.


In this article I review one of the most significant accomplishments of Frank H. Westheimer, one of the most respected chemists of the 20th century. This accomplishment was a series of stereospecific enzymatic oxidation and reduction experiments that led chemists to recognize what we now call the enantiotopic and diastereotopic relationships of atoms, or groups of atoms, within molecules. Each experiment provides an example that can be used in the teaching of introductory organic chemistry.


The title compound, C37H33N, was synthesized by the Wittig–Horner reaction of 4-(N,N-dibenzylamino)-2-methylbenzaldehyde and the phosphonate carbanion, derived from 1,1-diphenyl-3-chloropropylene and triethyl phosphite by the Arbuzov reaction. The butadiene fragment has a planar cisoid conformation, while the two benzyl fragments are almost parallel to each other, forming a dihedral angle of 9.8 (2)°.


The article is dedicated to the analysis of diminutive nouns that functionas the means of expressing subjective evaluation in A. P. Chekhov's short stories.


The rational utilization of labor resources and their formation presuppose a comprehensive study of population migration processes, especially of the rural population. In the period between the 1959 and 1970 censuses, more than 16 million persons moved from the countryside to the city. Of this number, approximately 13 million persons were of working age. In the overall increase in the size of the urban population of working age (19 million persons) during this period, mechanical growth (including migration and administrative-territorial transformations) amounted to approximately 68%. At the same time, the rural population of working age declined by 8.5 million persons.


This article analyses the interactive effects of community and residential crowding on psychological distress and on residential satisfaction, both mediated by social support. Two studies were carried in which 191 and 259 Malaga city residents (Spain), participated, respectively. By means of structural equations models the moderating and mediating effects are analysed, including the measurement error. The first study shows that there is a potentiation effect of combined crowding on psychological distress, with a weak attenuation effect due to social support. In the second study there is also a potentiation effect of community and residential crowding that diminishes residential satisfaction, and also a weak mediator effect due to social support. Exposure to the two types of crowding potentize their negative effects with social support working as a weak attenuator.


All 13 chickpea cultivars were highly susceptible to M. incognita in pot experiments. The cultivars exhibited a differential reaction to the fungus and nematode-fungal pathogen complex. Wilt incidence caused by Fusarium oxysporum alone was on average 28.7% but this rose to 45.1% in the nematode-fungal complex.


HPCC technologies have revolutionized U.S. scientific and engineering research and development (R&D). This has led to better understanding and management of our environment, safer and more energy-efficient cars and planes, better understanding of the human body, new and more effective medical treatments, advanced national defense and national security systems, and advances in fundamental science and engineering. They continue to revolutionize how virtually every sector of the economy functions and how we teach, learn, work, and live.


SUMMARY EFFECTIVE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES WHO WORK IN A GROUP SETTING ARE ABLE TO FACILITATE ATHLETES' LEARNING OF NEW SKILLS IN THE LEAST AMOUNT OF TIME. SETTING EFFECTIVE GOALS IN THE BEGINNING OF A PROGRAM AND EMPOWERING ATHLETES WITH SELF-REGULATORY BEHAVIORS DURING A PROGRAM CAN GREATLY REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF TIME NEEDED TO LEARN NEW SKILLS. THIS ARTICLE WILL PRESENT A MULTIMODAL APPROACH OF COMMUNICATION BY EXAMINING KIRSCHENBAUM'S SELF-REGULATION MODEL FOR SPORT AND GOAL SETTING THEORY OF LOCKE AND LATHAM.


A Macro-Sociological Approach to and an Evalutaion of Turk's ReligiousHistory. Although there are several studies on Turk's historical religiousbelief, practices and religious life, the topic has been systematically analysedfollowing a modern approach and therefore, a synthesis on this topic hasnot been developed. This topic requires a interdisciplinary approach andevaluation including the contributions of ethnology, anthropology, archeology,phenomenology and sociology beyong a historical perspective. The aim of thisstudy is to analyse and evaluate the religious historu of Turks following a macrosociological approach in the light of available information and documentswithin a scientific and objective history understanding.


Objective
To review the clinical effectiveness of the method of tonifying kidney and spleen on oligoasthenozoospermia by systematic review.

Methods
All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which relate to the treatment on oligoasthenozoospermia by the method of tonifying kidney and spleen were searched from CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database, from database foundation to 2014.12. Strict inclusion criteria, search strategy and exclusion criteria about literature were established, methodological evaluation was taken on included literature in addition. All statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.0 software.

Results
Eight RCTs meeting the criteria were selected, including 838 cases totally, they were divided into the simple tonifying kidney subgroup and the western medicine subgroup according to the different reference drugs, but we found that there were two studies among included studies which there was a significant discrepancy between each group, therefore we made a sensitivity analysis in allusion to the simple tonifying kidney subgroup. Meta analysis showed that the clinical efficiency of tonifying kidney and spleen group were superior to the simple tonifying kidney group (P<0.05) and the western medicine group (P<0.05) on improving the sperm concentration and the percentage of a level sperm.

Conclusion
There was the tendency about the clinical efficacy of the method of tonifying kidney and spleen was superior to the simple tonifying kidney and the western medicine on improving the sperm concentration and the percentage of a level sperm, all included literatures were low in quality, there were large differences among the several data, and sensitivity analysis suggest the result of our study has a low stability, therefore we look forward to more rigorous and professional RCTs in order to prove the clinical efficacy of the method of tonifying kidney and spleen.

Key words:
Tonifying kidney and spleen; Oligoasthenozoospermia; Randomized controlled trial (RCT); Meta analysis


Abstract Purpose: Following methanol intoxication, optic nerve neuropathy may occur, which is currently treated by different therapeutic regimens. Erythropoietin (EPO) has recently been introduced as a good therapeutic option in methanol-induced optic neuropathy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of EPO in improvement of the visual disturbances in methanol-intoxicated patients. Materials and methods: In a case-control study, all patients who had referred to our toxicology centre with confirmed diagnosis of methanol toxicity were considered to be included. Of them, those who had referred with visual disturbances, survived, and their visual disturbances had not improved after haemodialysis were entered. Cases received EPO and corticosteroids while controls only received corticosteroids. They were then compared regarding their visual outcome. Results: All five patients in the control group mentioned that after discharge, their visual acuity had improved while in the cases, three mentioned visual improvement, two mentioned their visual acuity had deteriorated after discharge, two mentioned no change in their visual acuity and three mentioned that their visual acuity had first improved but then deteriorated with a mean two-month interval period. In fundoscopic evaluations, two controls had normal fundospcopy while eight cases had abnormal fundoscopy (p = 0.055). Conclusions: Protective effect of EPO on methanol-induced optic nerve may be strong at the beginning of the intervention but is probably transient.


Abstract Two monoclinic pyroxenes of composition Ca(Fe,Mg)Si2O6 were studied up to 10 GPa using X-ray powder diffraction and 57Fe Mossbauerspectroscopy. The results are indicative of a phase transition at 4 GPa.


Meningoencephalitis is an inflammation of brain and its surrounding membranes. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and by various other etiology. Radiculoneuropathy, also commonly referred to as pinched nerve, refers to a set of conditions in whic h one or more nerves are affected. The classic triad of fever, stiff neck and altered sensorium are seen in <50% of all patients with meningitis. Clinical presentation of viral encephalitis includes a prodrome of fever, headache, myalgia, and mild respiratory infection. Altered mentation, focal neurological deficits and seizures usually follow. Patient was brought to emergency department of hospital. He provided with empirical antibiotic therapy and supportive care. Laboratory investigation like CSF analysis, liver function test, renal function test. Blood test like complete blood picture, dengue Ag. Microbiological test was also carried out. Radiological imaging like MRI of Brain, MRI of spine, Chest X-Ray. Upon clinical diagnosis patient was provided with antibiotic, antiviral and supportive care. Patient was also provided with mechanical ventilator. He was treated for 14 days.


Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) cases are compared for improvements on the combustion chamber design of the engine to achieve near zero particulate matter (PM) and NOx emissions. Therefore combustion simulations of the engine have been performed to find out emission generation in the cylinder. The interaction of air motion with high-pressure fuel spray has also been analyzed. Finally, a comparison has been made considering the performance of the engine for various configurations such as compression ratio, injection timing, and cone angle. The results are widely in agreement qualitatively with the previous similar experimental and computational studies in the literature.


Man is the main force of the development of human society,and the development of productivity is the ultimate decisive force.The development of the productive forces and the development of human beings are the two basic criteria for the inspection of the historical development of mankind from the perspective of historical materialism.Marx believes that productivity is the essence of the public display of human capacity which shows the relationship between productivity and human beings.Productivity is the essence strength of many individuals;the development of human beings depends on the development of the productive forces.These two developments are unified in the evaluation standards of Marxist historical progress.Thus,the nature of the development of contemporary China is the sustainable development of the productive forces and the free and comprehensive development of human beings.


Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of two kinds of stainless microparticle on human osteoblas-like cellst(MG-63) and the effects on the secretion of OPG / RANKL from osteoblast.Methods Human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 was chosen to be the cytotoxicity of the object.The proliferation of osteoblast was detected by MTT method.The differentiation of osteoblast was detected by the activity of ALP mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG) and RANKL(receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand,RANK) were semiquantified by RT-PCR,and the ratio of OPG/RANKL mRNA was used to evaluated the effect of diosgenin on osteoclast signal transduction pathway of OPG/RANKL/RANK system.Results Compared to the control,MTT test demonstrated that NiCr can obviously decrease the cell viability of osteoblast when the concentration is exceed 0.01%.CoCr can not decrease the cell viability of osteoblast.Compared to the control,the expression of OPG has no effect when the the concentration of NiCr is less than 0.01%.But the expression of osteoblast RANKL can be induced.CoCr has no obviously effect in the expression of OPG.Only when the concentration is exceed 0.05%,the osteoblast RANKL can be induced.Conclusion The stainless microparticle has no cell cytotoxicity and can not promote the proliferation,differentiation of osteoblast and inhibit the formation of osteoclast inlow-grade concentration.


INTRODUCTION
In addition to well-established links with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cigarette smoking may affect skeletal muscle; however, associations with quadriceps atrophy, density, and function are unknown. This study explored the associations of current and former smoking with quadriceps muscle area and attenuation as well as muscle force (assessed as knee extension peak torque) and rate of torque development (RTD) - a measure of muscle power in older adults.

METHODS
Data from 4469 older adults, aged 66-95 years at baseline in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility - Reykjavik Study with measurements of thigh computed tomography, isometric knee extension testing, self-reported smoking history and potential covariates were analyzed.

RESULTS
Sex-differences were observed in these data, therefore our final analyses are stratified by sex. In men, both former smokers and current smokers had lower muscle area (with = -0.10, 95% CI -0.17, -0.03 and = -0.19, 95% CI -0.33, -0.05, respectively) and lower muscle attenuation (i.e., higher fat infiltration, = -0.08, 95% CI -0.16, -0.01 and = -0.17, 95% CI -0.34, -0.01, respectively) when compared to never-smokers. Smoking status was not associated with male peak torque or RTD. In women, current smoking was associated with lower muscle attenuation (= -0.24, 95% CI -0.34, -0.13) compared to never-smoking. Among female smokers (current and former), muscle attenuation and peak torque were lower with increasing pack-years.

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that cigarette smoking is related to multiple muscle properties at older age and that these relationships may be different among men and women.

IMPLICATIONS
This manuscript presents novel data, as it examined for the first time the relationship between smoking and computed tomography-derived quadriceps muscle size (cross-sectional area) and attenuation.This study suggests that current cigarette smoking is related to higher muscle fat infiltration, which may have significant health implications for the older population, due to its known association with poor physical function, falls, and hip fractures.