Innovation management is a knowledge-intensive process that requires dealing with different sources of data to identify relationships between the concepts, techniques, and tools that may led to innovations. Innovation analysts need to handle huge amounts of unstructured information: ideas gathered from internal staff and external partners, research papers and technical reports, patents and applications, etc. All these sources constitute valid inputs to assess the innovativeness of ideas, the feasibility of their implementation, and their potential value in the market. The Innovation management This paper provides an overview of these techniques and discusses how they can help professionals involved in innovation programs.


The problem considered in this paper is: "In what way do we design?" This paper concentrates on the early creative stages of the design process during which the designer gradually gathers the information about the problem, applying appropriate rules, tools and media. If the tools are chosen as a starting point of consideration, designing may be analysed as manual or digital. If we chose the medium design may be considered as physical or virtual. The main thesis of this paper is that designing proceeds somewhere in between. "Somewhere in between" means the space where manual, digital, virtual are mixing, overlapping, and transforming one into the other. As a case study the process of designing of blurred function object is presented. In this experimental design studio we paid particular attention to the design process and we searched for the answer to the following questions: how to find an idea (what tools/media are helpful), how to express, fix and transform that idea? In the paper the examples of students' work will be presented and discussed.


As the compound components and parts (10) of components and parts embed multilayer substrate LC in the same way, built -in in the multilayer substrate of the range upon range of a plurality of substrate layers (11A~11E) that are formed by thermoplastic resin have chip capacitor ware (22). When observing from range upon range of direction, the range upon range of number of substrate layer of part equals around the subtotal components and parts that overlap with components and parts among the multilayer substrate. Be formed with the wiring pattern (12A) and the wiring pattern (12B) of adjustment multilayer substrate thickness on the interarea of substrate layer (11B) and substrate layer (11C), make it surround chip capacitor ware (22) on every side at chip capacitor ware (22) when range upon range of direction is observed.


In order to improve the safety of minimally invasive celiac surgery,a new robotic end effector is designed, which is used to hold the surgical instruments.According to the characteristics and technical requirements of minimally invasive celiac surgery,a"swing-point"mechanism is designed with the principle of axis-drive and parallel linkage motion, and the mechanical structure design of the end effector is introduced in detail.Kinematics solution formulas of the joints are presented by using D-H and linear algebra methods,the hardware structure and software system of the control system are studied,and the performance of the end effector is tested with prototype experiments.Experiments show that the designed end effector has good"swing-point"performance,accomplishes surgical programming successfully and meets the requirements of minimally invasive celiac surgery.


Over the years WiFi has gained immense popularity in networking devices to transfer data over short distances. WiFi communication can consume a lot of energy on battery powered devices like mobile phones. The Standard Power Saving Management(SPSM) which is part of the standard specification for wireless LAN technology has been applied widely. However, it may not deliver satisfactory energy efficiency in many cases as the wakeup strategy adopted by it cannot adapt dynamically to traffic pattern changes. Motivated by the fact that it has been more and more popular for a mobile device to have both WiFi and other low-power wireless interfaces such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, we propose an implementation of a ZigBee-assisted Power Saving Management (ZPSM) scheme, leveraging the ZigBee interface to wake up WiFi interface based on the delay bound improve energy efficiency [Qin and Zhang (2013)]. The results obtained by applying this scheme on a Linux environment shows that ZPSM can save energy significantly without violating delay requirements in various scenarios.


We present predictions for the quenching of star formation in satellite galaxies of the Local Group from a suite of 30 cosmological zoom simulations of Milky Way-like host galaxies. The Auriga simulations resolve satellites down to the luminosity of the classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Milky Way. We find strong mass-dependent and distance-dependent quenching signals, where dwarf systems beyond 600 kpc are only strongly quenched below a stellar mass of 107 M⊙. Ram pressure stripping appears to be the dominant quenching mechanism and 50% of quenched systems cease star formation within 1 Gyr of first infall. We demonstrate that systems within a host galaxy's R200 radius are comprised of two populations: (i) a first infall population that has entered the host halo within the past few Gyrs and (ii) a population of returning 'backsplash' systems that have had a much more extended interaction with the host. Backsplash galaxies that do not return to the host galaxy by redshift zero exhibit quenching properties similar to galaxies within R200 and are distinct from other external systems. The simulated quenching trend with stellar mass has some tension with observations, but our simulations are able reproduce the range of quenching times measured from resolved stellar populations of Local Group dwarf galaxies.


Introduction: Neuroendocrine neoplasm is an infrequent tumor in the larynx which can be sub-classified into five different types: typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and paraganglioma. This tumor mostly occurs in smoker men. The common location of neuroendocrine tumor of the larynx is in the supraglottic area. Because of the complex nature of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx, we found it so interesting to present. We emphasized the clinical importance and aggressive nature of this tumor despite its rarity. Case Presentation: In the present study, we presented 2 cases of atypical carcinoid in non-smoker females. Case 1 was a 74-year-old non-smoker woman who was referred with a history of chronic dysphagia and left otalgia since one year ago. Laryngoscopy revealed a nonulcerated supraglottic epitheliomatous lesion. Biopsy showed atypical carcinoid. The patient had no lymphadenopathy or metastasis in the further workup. The second case was a 60-year-old non-smoker woman with a 4-month history of hoarseness, odynophagia accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy. Laryngoscopy showed a smooth surface non-ulcerated transglottic tumor. Right vocal cord mobility was restricted. Conclusions: Atypical carcinoid tumor is an underdiagnosed laryngeal malignancy. Although neuroendocrine tumor of the larynx is rare, physicians should be familiar with its unspecified presentations, pathology, clinical course, and prognosis.


The effect of greenhouse gas emissions contributing to the global warming is today becoming an increasingly important problem worldwide and has led to increased efforts being made on improving trib ...


Objective To observe the non-nutritive sucking(Nonnutritive sucking,NNS) in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux(GER) effect in premature infant,assessment of non-nutritive sucking on reducing premature infant's vomiting,decreased gastric residual,and promoting the role of gastric emptying.Methods Select hospitalization'premature infant with gastroesophageal reflux were randomly divided into treatment group 147 patients(74 cases) and control group(73 cases).both groups according to weight,gestational age,birth age calculated calories and using the same formula milk feeding,intravenous feeding less nutritional supplement some of the treatment group with non-nutritive sucking(NNS). Through the esophagus diatrizoate compound(compound meglumine diatrizoate) contrast,observed in children with vomiting after 7 d and 14 d and esophageal imaging compound diatrizoate records regurgitation and gastric residual rate of change.Results The treatment group 7 d,14 d,vomiting,gastric emptying rate than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Pretmature infant NNS effect is significant gastroesophageal reflux,safe and effective,can speed up gastric emptying, premature children benefit the development of gastrointestinal function after birth,premature children to promote tolerance of feeding,is worthy of clinical application.


"The Reaction against Analogy" (critical reading for any self-respecting archaeologist), "Putting Shakertown Back Together: Critical Theory in Archaeology," "Archaeological Cables and Tacking: Beyond Objectivism and Relativism" (whose goal is to mitigate between processual and postprocessual methodologies and use of evidence), '"Heavily Decomposing Red Herrings': Middle Ground in the Anti-/Postprocessualism Wars" (reviewing the epistemological wars of the 1980s and then introducing the idea of "mitigated objectivity"), "Bootstrapping in the Un-Natural Sciences" (describing a way to break out of the circularity of evaluating initial theories, which are themselves theory-dependent), and "Unification and Convergence in Archaeological Explanation" (challenging the validity of a single unifying explanatory goal in science and then suggesting how archaeologists can exploit evidential disunities and methodological pluralism).


Existing design rules break down as we plan for a new generation of giant optical telescopes of 20, 30, 50, even 100 meters in diameter. One might expect these telescopes to converge on the design universally ac-cepted for similarly sized radio telescopes, with their highly aspheric, ~ f/0.4, primary dish. But most of the optical design concepts now under consideration have favored spherical or relatively slow paraboloidal surfaces, leading to a much larger telescope, more subject to wind buffeting, and requiring gargantuan en-closures for protection. This paper explores issues and limitations for building and operating telescopes as the primary focal ratio is reduced to a value as small as f/0.4. Such compactness will be particularly impor-tant for mechanical stability, cost control and for large telescopes that must move continuously on a track, as in the 20/20 concept. We find that fabrication and alignment methods for telescopes using numerous small (1-m class) segments are driven to long focal ratios, while those using few large, actively controlled segments can be made as fast as f/0.5.


Along with the realization of higher education's orientation toward popularization in our country,the quality problem of higher education becomes increasingly serious,and also becomes the focus of government,colleges,universities and society.Therefore,it is necessary to discuss that how to construct the educational quality evaluation system of educational quality guarantee in colleges and universities,and also the important way to ensure the teaching quality increase with steady steps.


In this paper, an optical fiber interferometric sensor with improved phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation algorithm is proposed to eliminate the influence of light intensity disturbance. Performance of sensor using proposed algorithm is analyzed and compared with sensor using differential-cross-multiplying (PGC-DCM) algorithm and PGC Arctangent (PGC-Arctan) algorithm, respectively. Experimental results show that distortion, but also harmonic distortion is well suppressed by the improved PGC algorithm. In experiment, the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of sensor using the proposed algorithm achieve a gain of 16.4 and 10.8 dB over sensor using PGC-DCM and PGC-Arctan algorithm, respectively.


Parallel processing and double‐flow methods, which are used to increase the speed of turbo‐code decoding, cause memory contentions. Although memory contentions due to parallel processing can be resolved by adopting the quadratic polynomial permutation (QPP) interleaver, the double‐flow method still causes memory contentions because of its read/write sequences from both ends of the input packets. Thus, we propose a modified architecture to resolve memory contentions for the double‐flow method to fit the QPP interleaver. In our experiment, the proposed method has a shorter decoding time and smaller hardware size compared the conventional method. A bit‐accurate simulation was performed, and hardware implementation with field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) led to a high throughput of 80 Mbps. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The use of coatings of functionalized nanostructured carbon based composite to inhibit corrosion is an area getting much of attention among scientists and industrialists. Lately, Graphene has started to play an important role in many applications. Graphene possesses excellent mechanical and thermal stability, low chemical reactivity, impermeability to most of gases, and high transparency. Thanks to these properties, Graphene is so far finding some applications for protective coatings. However, Graphene is apolar and nanostructured, so that is difficult to be dispersed into polar polymers as epoxy resin. In this paper, results of using chemically modified Graphene to reinforce the physico-mechanical properties and corrosive resistance properties of the epoxy paint coating are presented. Graphene was modified by oxidative method with mixtures of H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 and KmnO 4 solutions. The properties of obtained products were characterized by somephysico-chemical methods such as Fourier transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physico-mechanical and anti-corrosion properties of paints based on chemically modified Graphene-epoxy nanocomposite have been exceptionally superior to that of paints based on epoxy and Graphene.


specific (tsubo-type) left ventriculographic configuration due to multivessel spasm. In: Kodama K, Haze K, Hori M, editors. Clinical Aspect of Myocardial Injury: From Ischemia to Heart Failure [in Japanese]. Tokyo: Kagakuhyouronsya, 1990:56–64. 3. Dote K, Sato H, Tateishi H, et al. Myocardial stunning due to simultaneous multivessel spasms: a review of 5 cases [in Japanese with English abstract]. J Cardiol 1991;21:203–14. 4. Ako J, Takenaka K, Uno K, et al. Reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction—reversibility of coronary microvascular abnormality. Jpn Heart J 2001;42:355–63. 5. Kawai S, Suzuki H, Yamaguchi H, et al. Ampulla cardiomyopathy ('Takotsubo' cardiomyopathy)—reversible left ventricular dysfunction: with ST-segment elevation. Jpn Circ J 2000;64:156–9. 6. Owa M, Aizawa K, Urasawa N, et al. Emotional stress-induced ampulla cardiomyopathy: discrepancy between metabolic and sympathetic innervation imaging performed during the recovery course. Jpn Circ J 2001;65:349–52. 7. Pavin D, Le Breton H, Daubert C. Human stress cardiomyopathy mimicking acute myocardial syndrome. Heart 1997;78:509–11. 8. Sharkey SW, Shear W, Hodges M, Herzog CA. Reversible myocardial contraction abnormalities in patients with an acute noncardiac illness. Chest 1998;114:98–105. 9. Villareal RP, Achari A, Wilansky S, Wilson JM. Anteroapical stunning and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76: 79–83.


In the March number of the Review there appears on pages 20 to 25 an article entitled "C'est quoi, le francais?", written by a member of the Universite d'Ottawa. The author discusses the various le...


It is often remarked that good characters make good fiction, however, I would venture to suggest that the same is also true of non-fiction – as Paul Rouse's (2018) excellent The Hurlers demonstrate...


AbstractKnowledge sharing has been widely recognized as a key factor contributing to teams' performance and success in project settings. Although the literature on knowledge sharing is rich and still evolving, personal factors that affect knowledge sharing among team members have not been explicitly addressed, especially in information systems (IS) teams. Based on organizational behavior, knowledge management, and IS literatures, this study hypothesizes that trust among team members, group cohesion, and group self-efficacy have positive effects on attitude toward knowledge sharing and perceived social loafing will have a negative effect on knowledge sharing. In turn, attitude toward knowledge sharing is hypothesized to have a direct effect on intention to share knowledge. Consistent with past studies, we expect the results to provide support for the hypothesized relationships. Practical and research implications can be drawn from this research and its results.


The Brazilian Plant-Pollinator Interactions Network*1 (REBIPP) aims to develop scientific and teaching activities in plant-pollinator interaction. The main goals of the network are to: 1. generate a diagnosis of plant-pollinator interactions in Brazil; 2. integrate knowledge in pollination of natural, agricultural, urban and restored areas; 3. identify knowledge gaps; 4. support public policy guidelines aimed at the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services for pollination and food production; 5. and encourage collaborative studies among REBIPP participants. To achieve these goals the group has resumed and built on previous works in data standard definition done under the auspices of the IABIN-PTN (Etienne Américo et al. 2007) and FAO (Saraiva et al. 2010) projects (Saraiva et al. 2017). The ultimate goal is to standardize the ways data on plant-pollinator interactions are digitized, to facilitate data ‡ ‡ § | ‡


The conventional petroleum fuels for internal combustion engines are depleting rapidly, due to increase in the vehicular population. Moreover, these fuels cause serious environmental problems by emitting harmful gases into the atmosphere. Generally, pollutants released by engines are CO, NOx, Unburnt hydrocarbons, smoke and limited amount of particulate matter. At present, alternative fuels like methyl esters of vegetable oil (commonly known as biodiesels), alcohols etc. which are in the form of liquid and hydrogen, acetylene, CNG, LPG etc. in gaseous fuels are in the line to replace the petroleum fuels for IC engines.
Based on the literature available dual fuel engine gives better performance compared to conventional engines. Literature also shows that LPG is most suitable gaseous fuel for dual fuel internal combustion engine. In dual fuel engine flow rate of LPG decreases. It causes dripping of diesel while injecting into the cylinder. To avoid dripping injection pressure needs to be increased. Injection pressure of 140 bar was found optimum from 120, 130, 140, 150, 160 bar. At 140 bar performance and emission test were conducted for LPG flow rates of 2, 3, 4 and 5 LPM. The results shows that the LPG flow rate of 4 LPM in dual engine gives better performance compared to diesel engine. It also shows that the emission also reduces with 4 LPM flow rate of LPG in dual fuel engine compared to diesel engine and other LPG flow rates in dual fuel engine.


Diagnosing personality disorders (PDs) is both difficult and labor intensive, especially when using interview techniques. Given these constraints, examining the utility and validity of self-reports for purposes of case identification assumes greater importance. Using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) and a sample of 145 psychiatric patients, five new subscales were developed. Three subscales labeled "interpersonal sensitivity" (11 items), "interpersonal ambivalence" (ten items), and "aggression" (seven items) were based on items that distinguished between patients with any versus no PD. Two subscales labeled "need for social approval" (nine items) and "lack of sociability" (ten items) were based on items that distinguished between patients with a cluster C (anxious, internalizing) PD and all others. These scales reflect the nature of interpersonal problems most characteristic of patients with PDs, and initial crossvalidation demonstrated their utility as screening tools for identifying patient...


We evaluated different management alternatives to enhance potential water availability for agriculture under climate change scenarios. The management goal involved maximizing potential water availability, understood as the maximum volume of water supplied at a certain point of the river network that satisfies a defined demand, and taking into account specified reliability requirements. We focused on potential water availability for agriculture and assumed two types of demands: urban supply and irrigation. If potential water availability was not enough to satisfy all irrigation demands, management measures were applied aiming at achieving a compromise solution between resources and demands. The methodological approach consisted of estimation and comparison of runoff for current and future period under climate change effects, calculation of water availability changes due to changes in runoff, and evaluation of the adaptation choices that can modify the distribution of water availability, under climate change. Adaptation choices include modifying water allocation to agriculture, increasing the reservoir storage capacity, improving the efficiency of urban water use, and modifying water allocation to environmental flows. These management measures were evaluated at the desired points of the river network by applying the Water Availability and Adaptation Policy Analysis (WAAPA) model. We simulated the behavior of a set of reservoirs that supply water for a set of prioritized demands, complying with specified ecological flows and accounting for evaporation losses. We applied the methodology in six representative basins of southern Europe: Duero-Douro, Ebro, Guadalquivir, Po, Maritsa-Evros, and Struma-Strymon. While in some basins, such as the Ebro or Struma-Strymon, measures can significantly increase water availability and compensate for a fraction of water scarcity due to climate change, in other basins, like the Guadalquivir, water availability cannot be enhanced by applying the management measures analyzed, and irrigation water use will have to be reduced.


Nests, roosts, and dens are an important facet of life for many animals and often provide refuge from weather and predators. Reproduction, particularly lactation, is energetically expensive. Many small mammals form maternity colonies in sheltered locations, which provides protection for offspring and mitigates the cost of staying warm. However, lasiurine bats give birth in roosts that superficially appear to offer relatively little thermal buffer. Given the consequences of a cold environment on offspring growth and the high energetic demand of thermoregulating and lactating concurrently, choosing roosts with certain microclimatic properties would be beneficial. We investigated the influence of microclimate on roost selection by lactating hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus (Beauvois, 1796)), a solitary foliage-roosting species. We found that roosts chosen by bats offered shelter from the wind and exposure to sunlight, and consistently had an opening that faced south. We suggest that lactating L. cinereus choose...


The limited performance stability and gradual loss in the electroluminescence efficiency of OLEDs utilizing wide band-gap materials, such as blue-emitting phosphorescent and fluorescent devices, continues to be a challenge for wider technology adoption. We recently found that interactions between excitons and polarons play an important role in the aging behavior of electroluminescent materials, and that a correlation exists between the susceptibility of these materials to this aging mode and their band-gap. This degradation mode is also found to be often associated with the emergence of new bands - at longer wavelength - in the electroluminescence spectra of the materials, that can often be detected after prolonged electrical driving. Such bands contribute to the increased spectral broadening and color purity loss often observed in these devices over time. Exciton-polaron interactions, and the associated degradation, are also found to occur most significantly in the vicinity of device inter-layer interfaces such as at the interface between the emitter layer and the electron or hole transport layers. New results obtained from investigations of these phenomena in a wide range of commonly used host and guest OLED materials will be presented.


Ir-Re alloy catalysts supported on silica were prepared and reused in glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3propanediol with the aid of Amberlyst-15. The catalyst stability was systematically investigated by extensive characterization of the fresh and used catalysts. The results indicated that the Ir-Re alloy gradually deactivated in the reaction mainly because the strong oxophilicity of Re species resulted in its migration onto the catalyst surface and thus the segregation of Re from alloy.


Purpose: To survey physical therapists and physical therapist assistants practicing in wound management environments regarding their personal beliefs, clinical practices, and perceived barriers to incorporating health promotion, wellness, and prevention (HPWP) in practice. Methods: A 30-question validated survey was sent to wound care therapists. Results: The qualified response rate was 29%. Therapists reported a belief in their professional role in HPWP as follows: physical (97%), psychological (82%), emotional (79%), intellectual (73%), occupational (73%), social (71%), and spiritual (55%). Practice behaviors that were frequently included by these individuals included nutrition optimization (88%), diabetes/metabolic syndrome education (81%), physical activity/fitness prescription (81%), and tobacco cessation (78%). Conditions least addressed included violence (91%) and substance-free living (75%). Common barriers included lack of resources, time, patient interest, and economic limitations of patients. Respondent lifestyles were generally healthier than adults in the United States. Conclusions: There is an increasing need in physical therapist practice to actively promote health and wellness at the level of the individual. Modeling health behaviors is important to include as well and may be beneficial to support patient healthy lifestyle. While wound management therapists do well in promoting health in certain areas, work is still needed in others.


Modulation of fluid temperature fluctuations by particles due to thermal interaction in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is studied. For simplicity, only thermal coupling between the fluid and particles is considered, and momentum coupling is neglected. Application of the statistical theory used in cloud turbulence research leads to the prediction that modulation of the intensity of fluid temperature fluctuations by particles is expressed as a function of the Damköhler number, which is defined as the ratio of the turbulence large-eddy turnover time to the fluid thermal relaxation time. Direct numerical simulations are conducted for two-way thermal coupling between the fluid temperature field and point particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The simulation results are shown to agree well with the theoretical predictions.


These perceptual effects are related to a neural mechanism known as non-classical receptive field (non-CRF) inhibition or surround suppression. Its essence is that the response of an orientation selective neuron (in V1 or V2) to an optimal stimulus in its CRF is modulated, most commonly inhibited, by other stimuli outside the CRF, Fig. 2. For 24% of the cells, surround stimuli of the same orientation as the main stimulus over the CRF have stronger suppression effect than stimuli of other orientations [3]. We refer to this type of modulation as anisotropic inhibition.


Objective The MAST family of microtubule-associated serine-threonine kinases (STK) have distinct expression patterns in the developing and mature human and mouse brain. To date, only MAST1 has been associated with neurological disease, with de novo variants in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder, including a mega corpus callosum. Methods Using exome sequencing we identify MAST3 missense variants in individuals with epilepsy. We also assess the effect of these variants on the ability of MAST3 to phosphorylate the target gene product ARPP-16 in HEK293T cells. Results We identify de novo missense variants in the STK domain in 11 individuals, including two recurrent variants p.G510S (n=5) and p.G515S (n=3). All 11 individuals had Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, with 8 having normal development prior to seizure onset at < 2 years of age. All patients developed multiple seizures types, while 9/11 had seizures triggered by fever and 9/11 had drug-resistant seizures. In vitro analysis of HEK293T cells transfected with MAST3 cDNA carrying a subset of these patient-specific missense variants demonstrated variable but generally lower expression, with concomitant increased phosphorylation of the MAST3 target, ARPP-16, compared to wildtype. These findings suggest the patient-specific variants may confer MAST3 gain-of-function. Moreover, single-nuclei RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry shows that MAST3 expression is restricted to excitatory neurons in the cortex late in prenatal development and postnatally. Interpretation In summary, we describe MAST3 as a novel epilepsy-associated gene with a potential gain-of-function pathogenic mechanism that may be primarily restricted to excitatory neurons in the cortex.


The Angolan and Peruvian shelves are located in upwelling regions along the eastern boundaries of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They are sites of important fisheries supported by high productivity which is driven by fluxes of nutrients from deep to near surface water along the coast. Mixing associated with internal waves is believed to play a role in this process. Recent field observations have shown the presence of an active internal wave field that includes internal solitary waves. In this talk results of high-resolution two-dimensional simulations of internal wave generation by tide-topography interactions on the Angolan and Peruvian shelves are presented. The simulations show the generation of internal wave beams at near-critical slopes and the generation of high-frequency internal solitary waves. The high-frequency IW spectrum is enhanced when small scale bathymetric ripples are included. Wave generation during winter and summer stratifications will be compared.


The scale of hydrogen production from renewable energy sources is expected to increase worldwide in the future. Water electrolysis is a practical way to produce hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Water electrolyzers that use an anion exchange membrane (AEM) are expected to be new devices for hydrogen (H2) production that achieve high performance at low capital cost.
 In AEM water electrolysis, "cathode dry operation" is sometimes applied. In this operation mode, water (electrolyte solution) is supplied only to the anode, not to the cathode where water is consumed in the reaction, keeping the cathode dry. In this way, relatively dry hydrogen can be extracted directly from the cathode, simplifying the hydrogen drying process. When water electrolyzers are installed in large quantities (over 1000 units), the cost of balance of plants (BOPs) is expected to account for the majority of system costs [1], and simplifying the BOPs are important for reducing system costs. However, it was observed that cathode dry operation would cause concentration overpotentials due to water diffusion through the membrane [2], which may limit the current density and membrane thickness to prevent cathode dry-out.
 In this study, the effects of electrolyte composition and concentration on the water behavior in the membrane during cathodic dry operation on the electrolysis performance were quantitatively investigated.
 AcknowledgementThis work was supported partly by the New Energy and Industrial Development Organization (NEDO) through the Advancement of Hydrogen Technologies and Utilization Project (P 14021). The authors wish to express their gratitude to Tokuyama Corporation for their support and helpful advice.
 References
 [1] Mayyas et al. Manufacturing cost analysis for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers, NREL Technical report, NREL/TP-6A20-72740 (2019).
 [2] R. Wang et al, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 47, 40835 (2022).


Aluminum nitride (AlN) nanopowders with low degree of agglomeration and uniform particle size were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of alumina and subsequent direct nitridization. Boehmite powder was homogeneously admixed with carbon black nanopowders by ball milling. The powder mixture was treated under ammonia atmosphere to synthesize AlN powder at lour temperature. The effect of process variables such as boehmite/carbon black powder ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on the synthesis of AlN nanopowder was investigated.


Daylight harvesting lighting controls can provide significant energysavings in daylit spaces. However, their performance is affected bythe changing lighting distribution in the space due to window treatments and the sun. Such impacts reduce the field performance of daylight harvesting dimming systems, hindering their wide deployment. Current algorithms and configurations are not robust enough to handlethe impact of daylight, window blinds / shades, and changing interior conditions. This paper proposes a strategy to control lighting based on workplane illuminance estimation, i.e., the system attempts topredict the amount of light on the workplane based on environmentalconditions such as daylight at the window, blind slat angle, blind/ shades height, and interior light sensors. This forms the basis for a more user acceptable and robust light control system. The proposed system can be an integral part of an integrated daylight and electric light control system, further improving daylight harvesting lighting control systems.


DR. ANDREW SMITH. LETTER FROM G. Muuoy, M.D. Sw,-As I-in common, I believe, with a large portion of the profession-consider that Dr. Andrew Smith has been most harshly and unjustly assailed by part of the public press, as well as more indirectly before anotlher tribunal, for the disastrous consequences of a vicious official system which be has had, unfortunately for himself, to administer; and as a complete knowledge of Dr. Smith's evidence before the Commiittee of the House of Commons is, of course, niecessary for forming a correct judgment as to his conduct, I venture to hope that you will print, in extenso, the evidence in an early number of the JoutNAL. This appears but only fair, considering the opinion wlich you have expressedl so freely. Although, as yet, imiperfectly acquainted myself with the details of Dr. Smith's evidence, there was one point in it which struck me very forcibly when I was glancing mv eye over it in the newspaper, -viz., hiis brave defence of Dr. Lawson, notwithstanding the high official censure cast upon that officer, and the virulent attempts to degrade and dishonour hiim in the eye of tho public. For the sake of our profession, it is earnestly to be desired that all the facts connected with Dr. Lawson's conduct should be mintutely sifted and made known. Until this ho done, it is impossible to say where the chief burden of blame in his case lies. Meanwhile, the maily interposition of Dr. A. Smith seems to accredit the trutlh of what I have heard some of Dr. Lawson's personal friends say, that he is an officer of the Iiighest character nnd professional ability. Trusting that you will accede to my suggestion, I ai, etc., G. MnILLOY. 7th April, 1855 [We have already promised to print the evidence from the official report, now in the press, and which is daily expected to appear. EDITOR]tl


In this article, I look at E.M. Forster's treatment of tourism in his Italian novels, Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905) and A Room with a View (1908), by taking the figure of the tourist as a trope for the (English) liberal. Through a close reading of these works, and inspired by Pierre Macherey's A Theory of Literary Production (1978), I focus on these novels' gaps and contradictions. My analysis endorses James Buzard's (1993) contention that Forster's position towards tourism is one of 'internal distance'. Forster did move beyond the facile guidebook satire, revealing awareness of the pitfalls that attend to the quest for (unmediated) authenticity. Nevertheless, I reject Buzard's postmodernist premises and conclusions. Drawing on Alain Badiou's distinction between 'being' and 'event' (2005), I argue that Forster's take on tourism evolved towards the latter: if his first tourist novel is still interested in issues of identity, i.e. in depicting tourism as the site where Englishness is constructed in stark opposition to the Italian 'Other', his second novel illustrates the occurrence of an 'event'. Exploring the parallels between tourism and the political culture of liberalism (to which Forster was so closely attached), I conclude with a reflection on the political implications of this shift.


Migration is a multifaceted problem with social, economic and political dimensions. Following the Arab Spring, Turkey has experienced very strong migration flows from Syria since March 2011. Due to its humanity dimensions, the problem of migration has become a problem that requires taking measures on the global scale. Republic of Turkey has assumed considerable responsibility to host Syrian immigrants. As immigrants to Turkey exceeds over 3.5 mln people, various policy measures are taken with regard to incoming Syrian immigrants. Adaptation of these migrants at the job market has many obstacles. This research aims to examine the effects of immigration on economy. The global economic effects of immigration are analysed by means of using detailed statistical data. Considering the theories stressing the importance of immigration as an opportunity that creates significant changes in social structure, the migration theories are discussed, causes and economic effects of migration are analysed.


Background: it has been well established that chronic ankle pain negatively affects the lives of patients. Surgical techniques for ankle pain have evolved dramatically over the past decade, as arthroscopic equipment has improved to allow excellent exposure to the ankle joint and surrounding anatomic areas. Soft- tissue and osseous impingement syndromes are now increasingly recognized as a significant cause of chronic ankle pain, The exact cause of this condition is debated but seems to involve osteophyte formation due to either repetitive microtrauma or macrotrauma associated with major injuries. Careful analyses of patient history and signs and symptoms at physical examination can suggest a specific diagnosis in most patients. Aim of the work: this systematic review aimed to assess the outcome of ankle arthroscopy versus conservative modalities in management of ankle impingement syndrome. Methods: a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase (classic), and Chochrane library databases, for articles that published from January 1990 to June 2017 was performed using the following inclusion criteria English language puplications, human clinical trials, studies that reported on at least one of the chosen outcome measures which are patient satisfaction, time to return to full activity, AOFAS score, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, and complications, we found 9 studies met our inclusion criteria, data extraction was done which is consisted of population characteristics, in addition to the outcome measures. Results: nine articles were included in this systematic review. Overall, good results were found for arthroscopic treatment in patients with ankle impingement syndrome, patient satisfaction rates was reported in 5 studies, we reported high percentages of good to excellent satisfaction rates, ranging 74% to 94%, especially in patients treated with arthroscopy, Complication rates were 14.1%, as regard to patients treated with arthroscopy the rate was 13.2%, on the other hand the rate was 17.6% in those patients treated with injection therapy technique, conventional conservative modalities reported to be ineffective in treating ankle impingement except injection therapy technique in case of ankle soft tissue impingement. Conclusion: our systematic review showed that Patients may respond to conservative treatment modalities, especially ultra-sound guided injection mainly in soft tissue impingement type, arthroscopic debridement is the treatment of choice for patients of ankle impingement syndrome of both osseous and soft tissue nature with least morbidity and early return to function, and also it is noted to be superior to conservative modalities.


Lapindo is waste disposal the mud that comes out of the PT. Lapindo Brantas.Inc in Porong, Sidoarjo East Java, which has lasted for more than 9 years ago. With the volume bursts of 105 m3/day and take time to stop bursts estimated at 8907 years. This sludge can affect surrounding communities. The purpose of this research is to the development of coastal communities in Jabon post Lapindo mudflow, by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Data collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. In empowering coastal communities Jabon there are three actors involved, government Sidoarjo, PT Lapindo Brantas Inc., and coastal communities Jabon. To determine the parties involved. The most appropriate use of sub-criteria to support the main criteria. From the results obtained the most demanded by the public as a result of the government's disaster PT. Lapindo Brantas Inc. The effects of the mudflow society expects improvement, especially in terms of the economy of coastal communities Jabon.


A new method of multiband image fusion is proposed. The algorithm, based on an unsupervised method, takes the spatial contextual information into account in the application of Dempster-Shafer theory and sets up initialization and regularization processes adapted to remote sensing images. The importance of introducing spatial contextual information has been illustrated through forest area classification using the Landsat TM sensor.


The main objective of this paper is to design and optimize the edge fed microstrip patch antenna and to improve efficiency by improving the parameters such as return loss and frequency of operation. In this paper, the various antenna characteristics for patch antenna are achieved by using dege feeding techniques. The patch antenna using edge feed is simulated using IE3D simulator for 3.3GHz operating frequency with acceptable return loss of -12db and circular polarization is achieved. The simulation of antenna is done using dielectric material FR4 with dielectric constant of 4.4. The designed antenna can be used for wireless LAN and mobile communication.


Estrogen (E2) plays significant roles in ligand target organs such as the reproductive organs, bone and the brain. This female steroid hormone is well known also to be deeply involved in cancer development in the reproductive organs. The majority of E2 actions are mediated through its nuclear estrogen receptor (ER). ERa and ER~ are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily, and they act as ligand-inducible transcription factors to control expression of a particular set of target genes for E2. In cancer development, growth factors are shown to act synergistically with E2, possibly modulating the function of ER. In this review, the molecular mechanism of this cross-talk is discussed. enhanced transactivation function of for by the enhanced transactivation function of AF-l by MAPK-mediated phosphorylation is not mediated through p300/CBP appears to the ligand-interaction of AF- I and AF-2 acting as common co-activators for


Some juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients have a familial aggregation of the disease, and a few have been found to have a juvenile arthritis (JA) phenotype caused by a genetic mutation. JA due to LACC1 defects is a rare condition and it was never reported in China.


This study presents a novel fundamental modulation strategy with selective harmonic elimination (SHE) for multilevel inverters. Compared with conventional schemes, more kinds of stepped waveforms can be adaptively synthesised and it is more possible to obtain the optimal solutions for the SHE problem, especially at low-modulation indices. The control purpose, SHE and fundamental voltage control, for a cascaded 11-level inverter is formulated as multi-objective optimisation problem which is solved by using shuffled frog leaping algorithm in this study. The theoretical and experimental results are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed modulation scheme.


Abstract - During the course of surveys for freshwater amphibians/reptiles in the Coastal Plain of southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, we documented parasitism of the Amphiuma means (Two-toed Amphiuma) by the leech Macrobdella ditetra (Family Macrobdellidae). We observed this leech on Two-toed Amphiumas at 4 different wetland sites, with 1–3 individual M. ditetra present on 6 of 16 (37.5%) Two-toed Amphiumas captured via aquatic trapping. Leeches were not found on Siren lacertina (Greater Siren; n = 10), a second large, eel-like salamander inhabiting some of the same wetlands. We did not document Philobdella floridana, a second macrobdellid leech species often found syntopically with M. ditetra, feeding on the Two-toed Amphiuma.


In this paper, we present a comparative study of the transverse shear effect on the plate bending. The element used is a rectangular finite element called SBRPK (Strain Based Rectangular Plate-Kirchhoff Theory-), it used for the numerical analysis of thin plate bending, and it based on the strain approach. This element has four nodes and three degrees of freedom per node (w, θx, θy). Through the numerical applications with different loading cases and boundary conditions; the numerical results obtained are in close agreement with the analytical solution.


Applications of aluminium alloys are spreading in many industrial fields due to the excellent combination of castability, mechanical performance and lightness assured by such material. This project ...


This article employs a comprehensive set of data on 226 regional legislative elections held in Russia in 1999–2011 in order to assess the impact of electoral authoritarianism upon women's representation in sub-national legislative bodies. The analysis of 50,520 cases of candidate nomination and 9553 cases of electoral success, supported by a cross-regional statistical study of the factors of women's nomination and success, empirically confirms an explanatory model that incorporates three working hypotheses derived from the mainstream literature on women's representation. According to this model, the 2002–2003 electoral reform, by introducing proportional representation into regional electoral systems, strongly facilitated women's representation. After the advent of electoral authoritarianism, proportional rules, in combination with the increased 'party magnitude' of the pro-government party, continued to exert expectedly positive effects; yet these effects were offset by the decreased competitiveness in majority districts. As a result, political regime transformation did not lead to a significant increase in the number of female deputies.


Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of calving (normal or assisted) on the occurrence of puerperal uterine disorders and on the number of artificial inseminations (AI) per conception and pregnancy rate at 150 days postpartum (PPD). Cows were observed during parturition and the type of calving was classified as normal or assisted. Normal calving required no human interference, while assisted calving required a calf removal aid via vaginal access. There were 825 births, 7 stillbirths (0.85%) and 17 twins (2.06%). We analyzed 801 single births, from which 766 (95.63%) were normal and 35 (4.36%) assisted. Were evaluated the uterine disorders occurrence such as retained placenta combined with metritis (PR/ME) and clinical endometritis (CE). The overall occurrences were 10.24% (82/801) of RP/ME, 12.86% for CE and 5.12% for RP/ME and CE. Most of normal calving cows had healthy puerperium (73.89%), whereas a majority of assisted calving cows had uterine disorders (74.29%). The number of AI per conception was similar for cows that had either normal or assisted calving (2.39±0.08 and 3.00±0.43, P = 0.16). There was no evidence of negative influence of calving type on the 150 PPD pregnancy rate of lactating crossbreed dairy cows (P = 0.44). Healthy cows had higher 150 PPD pregnancy rate than cows affected by puerperium uterine disorders (51.65 vs. 42.92%). Normal calving crossbred dairy cows had a healthier puerperium, compared to cows with assisted calving which were more susceptible to puerperium uterine disorders. And cows with a health puerperium have a higher pregnancy rate at 150 days postpartum.


A thermoluminescent method has been used to study the interactions of aerosols with ozone. The preliminary results show that ozone reacts with many compounds found in aerosols, and that the thermoluminescence curves obtained from ozonated aerosols are characteristic of the aerosol. The results suggest several important applications of the thermoluminescent method: development of a detector for identification of effluent sources; a sensitive experimental tool for study of heterogeneous chemistry; evaluation of importance of aerosols in atmospheric chemistry; and study of formation of toxic, electronically excited species in airborne particles. (Author) (GRA)


In China, it is the formalization that the governance structure of corporation is established in the state-owned listed corporations after transformed from SOEs. In fact, from the view of control of corporation , there exists some drawbacks in this governance structure. Whereas, with the system of the government acting as the agent of state-owner and administrator of SOEs, group control becomes a trend as a new way of corporate governance after the government transforms its function and withdraws from the market. Group control , in fact, is a particular form of "inner control", which results in fabrication of corporate governance . In order to resolve the problems of group control, some measures should be adopted, i.e., readjusting the holding way to the state-owned shares, standardizing corporate governance system and changing the administration of government to the listed corporations.


GAUOT, M. M., and BUVAT, J. F.: HereditC et Cpilepsie; une famille avec quatre generations consecutives d'kpileptiques. (The Heredity of Epilepsy; a Family with Four Consecutive Generations of Epileptics.) Ann. mCd.-psychol. 98: 238-244, November-December, 1940. The family tree of a patient in whom there were four generations of epileptics is presented as evidence in favor of the hereditary theory of epilepsy. Ip the patient's generation, seven of the 12 siblings had epilepsy, while an eighth sibling had convulsions in childhood. The patient's father and a paternal undc (two of thrce siblings) as well as the patient's grandfather had epilepsy. No othcr causative factors could be elicited in the history except for a history of alcoholism in the epileptic grandfather. Of the patient's three children, two arc known to have seizures. Other interesting facts are that of the 20 members of thc four gencrations, ten are male and tcn are female. All of the males without esception have scizurcs, whereas only two of the females are epileptic, a third having had convulsions in childhood. The family history except for convulsions is negative for any nervous or mental disease.


This paper presents the transient and Free vibration analysis of an infinite thermo-electric-elastic solid cylinder is analysed stochastically by using hybrid numerical method (combined Galerkin finite element and Newmark finite difference method). The governing equations for the thermo-electric-elastic solid cylinder is made up of 6mm class, involving the mechanical, electrical and thermal fields and studied by free and forced vibration as boundary conditions. The dynamic finite element equations are obtained by assumed shape functions. After assembling the Mass, Stiffness and Damping and matrices, the global transient equations are established in time field. The resulting equilibrium equations are solved by using the finite difference technique with suitable time instants. By using material constants displacement, velocity and acceleration of vibrations are obtained with various time values and the nondimensional frequencies are also obtained by different values of nondimensional wave number. Numerical work is carried out by the materials Barium titanate and Cadmium selenide. The outcomes are tabulated and represented graphically.


Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are a promising therapeutic tool to restore immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. The rationale of using tolDCs is that they can specifically target the pathogenic T‐cell response while leaving other, protective, T‐cell responses intact. Several ways of generating therapeutic tolDCs have been described, but whether these tolDCs should be loaded with autoantigen(s), and if so, with which autoantigen(s), remains unclear. Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are not commonly defined by a single, universal, autoantigen. A possible solution is to use surrogate autoantigens for loading of tolDCs. We propose that heat‐shock proteins may be a relevant surrogate antigen, as they are evolutionarily conserved between species, ubiquitously expressed in inflamed tissues and have been shown to induce regulatory T cells, ameliorating disease in various arthritis mouse models. In this review, we provide an overview on how immune tolerance may be restored by tolDCs, the problem of selecting relevant autoantigens for loading of tolDCs, and why heat‐shock proteins could be used as surrogate autoantigens.


Pd-catalyzed cyclotrimerization reactions of enantiopure halonorbornene derivatives furnished C3 or C3v symmetric syn-tris(norborneno)benzenes with high syn selectivity. To elucidate the reaction m...


The invention relates to a mushroom sauce and a preparation method thereof. The mushroom sauce comprises, by weight, 10-50% of vegetable oil, 5-25% of mushroom roots, 0-3% of dry chili powder, 1-3% of green onions, 2-5% of ginger, 2-4% of garlic, 2-10% of soybean paste, 2-10% of fermented soya beans, 2-10% of sweet bean sauce, 2-5% of white granulates sugar, 1-3% of aginomoto and 0.5-3% of spice. The mushroom sauce and the preparation method have the advantages that a recipe is scientific and reasonable, a preparation technology is overall simple and high in implementability, nutrient substances contained in the mushroom roots can be kept greatly, seasoning ingredients are enabled to deeply reach to the interior of diced mushrooms, people's requirements on healthy, nutrient, tasty and convenient food are met, the nutrient substances such as protein, amino acid, microelements and the like contained in the mushroom roots can be locked, the prepared mushroom sauce is healthy, unique in flavor, good in taste, beneficial to consumption, rich in nutriments and beneficial to body health, and the problems that an existing mushroom sauce is bad is taste, poor in nutritional ingredients, complex in production technology and high in cost are solved.


Sensory and Motor Prostheses Auditory Prostheses, B.E. Pfingst Advances in Upper Extremity Functional Restoration Employing Neuroprostheses, P.H. Peckham, K.L. Kilgore, and M.W. Keith BION(TM) Implants for Therapeutic and Functional Electrical Stimulation, G.E. Loeb and J.R. Richmond Intraspinal Chord Microstimulation: Techniques, Perspectives, and Prospects for FES, S.F. Giszter, W. Grill, M. Lemay, V. Mushahwar, and A. Prochazka How to Use Nerve Cuffs to Stimulate, Record, or Modulate Neural Activity, J.-A. Hoffer and K. Klaus Brain Control of Neural Prostheses Engineering the Brain-Machine Interface for Neural Prosthetic Devices, K.A. Moxon, J. Morizio, J.K. Chapin, M.A.L. Nicolelis, and P.D. Wolf. Dynamic Interplay of Neural Signals During the Emergence of Cursor-Related Cortex in a Human Implanted with the Neurotrophic Electrode, P.R. Kennedy and B. King Brain Control of Sensorimotor Prosthesis, J.K. Chapin and M.A.L. Nicolelis Drug Deliveries into the Microenvironment of Electrophysiologically Monitored Neurons in the brain of Behaving Rats and Monkeys, N. Ludvig


Literary parody has been shown to demonstrate a variety of types. The technique, subject and targets of parodying, time reference, leading functions and genre peculiarities define these types. The analysis of English and American parodies proves that each type of a parody has its own specific linguistic and stylistic characteristics. According to the technique of parodying there are two types of a parody: 1. Parody parodied text. 2. Parody medium text parodied text. When time reference is concerned there are three types of a parody: 1. The author of a parody and the author of a parodied text are contemporaries. 2. The subject of a parody is the text of a previous epoch. 3. The subject of a parody is a contemporary text while the means of parodying is a text of a previous epoch. The target determines two types of a parody: 1.Critical, discrediting, negative parody. 2. Complimentary, positive parody. When subject of a parody is taken into consideration then four types of a parody can be defined: 1. Literary parody. 2. Parody of other types of art. 3. Speech parody. 4. Social parody when social aspects are parodied. Genre peculiarities define three types of a parody: 1. Explicit parody the genre is indicated. 2. Implicit parody the genre is not indicated. 3. Ex parody when the author meant the text to be a parody while later it is not interpreted as such by the vast majority of readers. According to the leading functions there are two types of a parody: 1. When the leading function of a parody is mocking its form, we deal with a literary joke, literary play. 2. When both the form and the contents are parodied then parody presents a serious genre which can influence an outlook and to some extent ideology of a particular society. The definition of these types of a parody helps in specifying characteristic features of a literary parody and its various forms. Besides we can trace the things, which a parody shares with some other genres. The typology presented in this paper leads to better understanding of such an interesting and ambiguous phenomenon as a literary parody.


Tidiness is a cardinal virtue to planners, and the planners of this conference no doubt saw my part as akin to that of a judge—neatly summing up with complete impartiality, yet somehow still contriving to give strong direction to the jury.


In UU No 20/2 003 (regulation number 2 0/2003) about national education system, it has been mentioned that national education is aimed to improve potentials of learner to be faithful person and to be democratic, responsible civilian. In the context of Islamic education, it needs to be run maximally by emphasizing religious value. Vision and mission need to be determined and religious lesson is used as a base in determining vision and mission of the institution. The use of principle of fastabiqul khairat becomes a value needed to create vision and mission determined, institution manager in must give an example to the staff by having good characteristic such as: sincere, honest, fair, responsible, dynamic, practical and flexible. Effective and responsible head master is a person who can lead the education institution.


Electrochemical measurements with and without stress were conducted to clarify the effect of applied stress on pitting corrosion behavior. In potentiodynamic polarization, the increase of the chloride ion concentration led to the formation of shallower pits. In immersion tests with and without stress in the 4 M MgCl2 solution at pH 5, the pit was formed slightly earlier under applied stress. However, there is no or little effect of stress on the corrosion potential before and after the pit initiation. Furthermore, the pit morphology was changed by applied stress, suggesting applied stress causes the increases in anodic dissolution rate and depassivation pH. No remarkable difference in the anodic dissolution rate was observed in potentiodynamic polarization in 4 M MgCl2 solution at pH 1. Depassivation pHs measured in 4 M MgCl2 solution with and without stress were 1.4 and 1.3 in, respectively. Depassivation pH increased by applied stress.


The aim of the case study was to determine profitability of Energy Management System (EMS) in the intraday market like Elbas (Nord Pool Spot). To optimize the operation of EMS, a Demand Response (DR) algorithm was used for the calculation of a battery bank charge-discharge schedule (BCDS) taking into account the volatility in the Real-Time price (RTP). The profits are gained from importing and storing more energy at low price periods while decreasing the imported power from the grid at high price periods and dispatching the stored energy for load demands. The forecast procedure analyzes the history of the energy price for a predefined back-time period and optimizes the BCDS to bring the highest profit to the end customer. The results are composed from typical parameters of a household's energy demand applied in EMS. The results obtained were compared with those from laboratory obtained by the Day-Ahead price based control algorithm. In the tests, an one-hour price is taken as real-time price.


The rapid pace of change under way in America's colleges and universities has sparked a wide-ranging and often heated public debate about the social role and responsibilities of higher education in American society. From small, private liberal arts colleges in economically distressed urban areas to state-supported land-grant and research institutions, schools nationwide are taking these challenges head-on often with government, corporate, or foundation collaboration and support. Yet, the national debte has too often overlooked and thus not benefited from the proactive and innovative ways that a growing number of colleges and universities are responding to these challenges. This article reviews the broad social, economic, and political trends that are reshaping higher education and introduces the two-issue series of American Behavioral Scientist dedicated to analyzing a cross-section of these innovative institutional and pedagogical endeavors and considering their potential for reorienting the traditional teaching, research, and service missions of colleges and universities.


The proper concentration of cytochalasin B improves the enucleatio n rate of oocytes successfully. The porcine oocytes with first polar were cultured in NCSU-37 supplemented with 3.5×10-3、5×10-3、6.5×10-3、7.5×10-3 mg· ml-1 CB respectively for 30min. Then these oocytes were enucleated and exposure to medium supplemented with 5×10-3g·ml-1 Hoechst33342 for 15min. The treate d oocytes were checked with fluorescence microscope and evaluated the enucleatio n rate. The results show that the enucleation rate of CB treating group is signi ficantly higher than those in control group(P0.05). Among the CB treating group s,the low concentration CB(3.5×10-3 mg·ml-1) and the high (3.5×10-3 mg·m l-1) can reduce enucleation rate(54.44%,51.46%) and enhance the debacle rate (9.86%,11.62%),which are significantly different from the enucleation rate ( 75.83%,73.83%)and debacle rate(9.86%,11.62%)with 5×10-3、6.5×10-3mg· ml-1 CB treatments(P0.05). The treatment with the concentration of 5×10-3 mg ·ml-1 can receive the higher enucleation rate than that of 6.5×10-3mg·ml-1 CB,which were insignificant differences(P0.05). The conclusion can be got tha t the 5×10-3 mg·ml-1 CB are contribute to the extraction of first polar as w ell as karyoplasm and can avoid the avulsion of membrane,prevent the cytoplasmi c from effusing. The efficiency of porcine oocytes enucleating can be improved.


Simple, accurate, sensitive and selective methods are described for the quantitative determination of ten fluoroquinolones (amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, difloxacin hydrochloride, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, lomefloxacin hydrochloride, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin mesylate). The methods are based on precipitation of the ion associates formed from the reaction of the cited drugs with silver nitrate, copper acetate and ferric chloride. The formation and solubility of the solid complexes at the optimum conditions of pH and ionic strength values have been studied. The methods depend on direct determination of the ions in the precipitate or indirect determination of the ions in the filtrate by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The optimum conditions for precipitation were carefully studied. Rectilinear calibration graphs were obtained in the range of 10-100 ng.ml-1 for each of the investigated drugs and the limits of detection and quantitation ranged from 1.125 to 2.260, o.937 to 2.754 and from 3.425 to 5.986 ng.ml-1, respectively. The molar ratios of the formed chelats were determined by Job's method and their association constants were also calculated. The developed methods were applied successfully for the determination of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms with good precision and accuracy compared to official and reported methods as revealed by t-and F-tests. They were also applied for the determination of studied drugs in spiked urine and plasma samples.


We conducted a study to empirically isolate the factors that are most consistently linked with positive outcomes for the attendees of live interpretive programs. We examined the relationships between interpreter and program characteristics and three visitor outcomes—visitor satisfaction, visitor experience and appreciation, and intentions to change behaviors—across 376 programs in 24 units of the U.S. National Park Service. The analyses revealed a list of 15 characteristics associated with these outcomes across a wide range of program types and contexts. Some of these characteristics constituted commonly promoted practices in the interpretation literature (e.g., thematic communication, Tilden's principles, and appropriate organization). However, certain characteristics of the interpreter, in particular their confidence, passion, sincerity, and charisma, were also strongly correlated with positive visitor outcomes. We discuss the study's implications for both interpretive practice and future research.


An effective scheme to formulate high performance and multifunctional cement based mortar composites reinforced with varying lengths of carbon fibers has been devised. The detailed investigations pertaining to the fracture response of composites in cracks initiation and progression phases, their conducting mechanism and volumetric stability were performed with varying loads of 6mm and 12mm long carbon fibers at two different w/c ratios i.e. 0.45 and 0.50. The experiments concluded that an optimum addition of carbon fibers results in substantial improvement of fracture properties alongside significant reduction in electrical resistivity and total plastic shrinkage. The field emission scanning electron microscopy of the cryofractured specimen revealed crack arresting actions of uniformly distributed carbon fibers through successful crack bridging and branching phenomenon.


An on-farm welfare assessment method is described. A list of indicators is determined from a bibliography analysis as well as consumers and farmers opinions: behaviour, health, general status, human/animal relationship. These indicators are translated into criteria: type of lesion (scratches, wounds, tail and ears lesions, lameness, leg problems), social positive and negative behaviour, investigation, promiscuity related behaviour, postures, location of animals in the pen, bursitis, animal and pen cleanliness, fear of human. A measurement method is described for each criterion. A survey is carried out in forty-two farms with concrete slatted floor and forty farms with straw bedding. Observations are made in three different rooms on 40 to 60 animals in each room: at the beginning of the fattening period, at least ten days after the animal arrival - at the end of the fattening period, before the first departure to the slaughterhouse - on animals of intermediate weight. Lesion score is low for both floor types. Average frequency of high score lesions is under 0.3% (scratches and lameness) and 0.5% (wounds). Environment investigation is more developed in straw-based systems (53.4% ± 12.3 et 46.0% ± 14.1 of active behaviour for straw and slatted floor respectively). Between farms variability is high for all criteria, indicating that they can be used in a welfare assessment tool. Furthermore, variability among systems indicates that there is room for animal welfare improvement in each system.


Through the use of light forces exerted by near-resonant laser light, chromium atoms are focused as they deposit onto a substrate, forming nanometer-scale structures on the surface. The laser light is in the form of a standing wave, in which each node acts as an atom-optical `lens.'. The result is a highly accurate array of lines with a periodicity of (lambda) /2 equals 212.78 nm and full-width at half maximum as small as 38 nm. We discuss progress with this process, in particular the fabrication of a 2D array, the creation of an array with (lambda) /8 periodicity, the replication of the array in polymer material, the production of magnetic nanowires, and the reactive-ion etching of a chromium pattern on silicon to generate an array of distinct nanowires and/or nanotrenches.


We consider losses of pressure in the difussor and nozzle due to geometry and viscous effects in the wind tunnel.


Faculty scholarship and professionalism are the foundation for excellence in the University of Georgia's College of Public Health. As scholars, faculty are committed to lifelong learning. Each stage in their career is marked by continued scholarly productivity and significant impact on the profession, science and community. The process for hiring new faculty is intensive because search committees examine the potential for consistent professional growth over the lifetime of a career. Promotion to each subsequent level is based on demonstration of continuous improvement and excellence, not just the number of years at a rank. Full professors serve as models for lifelong learning and scholarship. Promotion and tenure are active processes.


For faster acquisition in bursted environments for SMS (Short Messaging Service) and other lower-bit rate applications, non-coherent detection techniques are proposed. NonCoherent detection demodulators are proposed because faster acquisition capability in bursted environments can result in a reduced amount of preamble bits in the messaging frame, i.e. less overhead, resulting in an effective increase in spectral efficiency. Reducing the preamble can also provide performance enhancement opportunities for Feher Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (FQPSK) [1] and for other systems. The preamble can also be varied to provide for better Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. The lower bit rate environment also gives the opportunity to employ simpler architectures in lieu of preamble modification. Several non-coherent detection alternatives are described.


The study determined the perception of bottle feedi ng among mothers attending child welfare clinic in selected health centers in Aba South LGA. It also a certained the knowledge of mothers about the breast feeding and factors responsible for chosen b ottle feeding. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study where a total survey of 45 mo thers who were selected systematically from the centers were interviewed as a method of data collec tion. The findings of the study showed that 93% of the mothers agreed that breast milk is ideal for an infant, 96% agreed that breast milk is better than bottle feeding; 27% and 35% agreed that they choose b ttle feeding because of their type of work and to complement feeds respectively. Therefore, the s tudy concluded that mothers ascertained breast feeding as an ideal feed for the infant, and they d monstrated good understanding about using bottle feeding and its management.


This photo shows Dr. Betty Siegel (formerly Betty Lentz) at her high school graduation circa 1948. Siegel went on to obtain an associate's degree from Cumberland College and a bachelor's degree from Wake Forest University in English and history. She received a MEd from the University of North Carolina and a PhD from Florida State University. Siegel's areas of expertise range from higher education to child psychology.


Mineral elements serve as important components of medicinal herbs not only owing to their healing properties but also their nutritional supplement functions. In this study, 15 essential element contents of wild Ephedra sinica and its rhizosphere soil were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Influences of rhizosphere soil on these elements in plants were evaluated. Results showed that N, K, Cl, Sr, Na, Mn, B, Cu, and Mo contents in plants were all directly affected by one or more factors, including pH value, sand, silt, and organic matter contents. Herbaceous stems of E. sinica contained high contents of N, K, S, and Ca and could accumulate N, S, P, Cl, Sr, and Mg from soil with mean enrichment coefficients of 42.88, 34.37, 7.81, 4.38, 2.16, and 1.56, respectively. N, K, Ca, Sr, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents in the herbs were positively correlated with those in soil. Additionally, element prediction models were established to infer essential element contents of the herbaceous stems of E. sinica. This study provides scientific basis for mineral element regulation of E. sinica by adjusting soil fertility levels.


The paper aims to give considerable insights into how the use of the well-known second-order Newton method along with a whitening filter may help adaptive blind decision feedback equalizer (DFE) achieve excellent performances. Our analytical and simulation results confirmed that the proposed Newton-like adaptive blind DFE scheme significantly outperformed the ex-isting adaptive blind DFE scheme in terms of both the symbol error rate (SER) and the mean- squared error (MSE) perfor-mances.


................................................................................................4-5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................6 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................7 LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................7-16 The development of tall fescue grass as a staple forage in the southeast US...............7-10 The physiological impact of Fescue Toxicosis on cattle ...................................10-11 What is the microbiome?............................................................................11 Utilization of 16s rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbiome...................11-12 Role of the Microbiome in Disease................................................................12 Role of the Microbiome in Reproductive Tract..............................................12-13 Previous research into the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiome.............13-14 Importance of vaginal microbiome in cattle fertility.......................................14-15 Potential role of microbiome in calf health and growth ...................................15-16 MATERIALS AND METHODS .....................................................................16-18 Population and Experimental Design ............................................................16 Sample Collection ...............................................................................16-17 DNA Isolation, Quality Control, and Sequencing .............................................17 Data Analysis .....................................................................................17-18 RESULTS..................................................................................................18-19 Impact of toxic vs. novel fescue on microbiome community structure and diversity ......................................................................................18 Bacterial composition identified in the vaginal microbiome.....................18-19 Microbes predictive by pasture type.....................................................19 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION..................................................................19-26 Bray Curtis community structure differentiates animals by pasture type......19-21 Five vaginal bacterial OTUs appear to classify animals by toxin level...........21-23 Vaginal bacterial OTUs identified compared to those previously reported....23-25 Potential reasons for vast differences in the vaginal microbiome of cattle on toxic vs. novel and alternating pastures.........................................................25 Conclusion..............................................................................25-26 EFFECTS OF TOXIC FESCUE ON VAGINAL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................27-30 FIGURES .................................................................................................31-33 TABLES......................................................................................................34 EFFECTS OF TOXIC FESCUE ON VAGINAL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES 4


This article invites the reader to reflect on the practice and teaching of sociology through reflexivity in India in a new emerging space of liberal arts in private universities. These spaces can be considered as the fringe of sociology teaching. I argue that students in private universities grapple with a 'crisis of relatedness' regarding sociological discourse, and the debates they study leave them with different questions. I suggest that the understanding of social facts and issues is different and distant from those studying in public universities. The different lived experiences produce different sociological imaginations with the engagement of the same sociological texts. Teaching sociology in liberal arts spaces could mark the emergence of a generation of sociologists in India who have their training rooted in private universities. This new location of sociology students asks us to revisit the ongoing debate of skill-based sociology versus critical sociology that generates new questions for reflexivity and social location of both practitioner and student of sociology.


This paper analyzes the current energy structure and coal we use, based on clean coal technology in China, one of the current technology development status and prospects of coal were analyzed, and highlights China's Hunan province a coal for flue-cured tobacco production - biomass briquette mix, production test proved its superior performance, the desulfurization rate, burn rate of more than 90%, respectively, and 98%, suitable for promotion.


In this video, Marc E. Agronin, MD, discusses several factors that may play a role in agitation. One would be underlying medical causes. It could be an acute disease state impairing brain function. And the list goes on.


(57) Abstract: supporting the machine tools for machining can be driven along a linear path, is an improved driving combined supporting device for a machine tool. The driving combined supporting device comprises a linear slide path having a magnetic track, a magnetic field that moves in the attached magnetic assembly into the housing is generated, the housing is moved along the track. Direction the housing is moved, between the magnetic field and the housing and the slide passage being generated, or acts between the electromagnet assembly and the track or any combination thereof, counteracts the attractive force between the electromagnet and the track determined according to the moving direction of the first hydraulic bearing pad.


Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of different types of cerebral infarction by observing the extracranial carotid artery.Methods 24 cases which were diagnosed as cerebral infarction were exanined by carotid artery color doppler ultrasound,whole-brain and carotid artery digital subtraction angiography(DSA)examination.The vascular abnormality from the examination would be analysed retrospectively.Results There were carotid artery stenosis and plaque in all cases.And bilateral carotid artery stensis and plaque could be seen in 5 cases.Conclusion Abnormal carotid artery is the major cause of cerebral infarction.Doctors should pay attention to it.


Objective To evaluate the cure and effect in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstrution(UPJO)by dismembered pyeloplasty.Methods Clinical data of 21 cases with ureteropelvic junction obstruction were reviewed who were treated by dismembered pyeloplasty.Results 20 cases gained success by one operation.1 case had ureteropelvic junction(UPJ)stenosis,which was cured by a second operation.1 case had renal function prostration before operation,which was improved after operation.15 of 21 cases had been followed up and their hydronephrosis was improved and their UPJ became unobstructed.Conclusion Dismembered pyeloplasty is effective in the treatment of UPJO.


We study four dimensional $Z_2 \times Z_2$ (shift)-orientifolds in presence of internal magnetic fields and NS-NS $B$-field backgrounds, describing in some detail one explicit example with N=1 supersymmetry. These models are related by $T$-duality to orientifolds with $D$-branes intersecting at angles and exhibit, due to the background fields, a rank reduction of the gauge group and multiple matter families. Moreover, the low-energy spectra are chiral and anomaly free if $D5$-branes are present along the magnetized directions.


Visible imaging systems are important for many applications in both the defense and commercial sectors. Mission-critical tasks such as surveillance, target detection, object identification, and tracking are enabled by high-fidelity visible imaging. In this paper we propose an imaging system that uses active illumination to (a) reduce imager complexity and (b) provide improved image quality in high noise environments as compared with traditional imaging methods.


In recent years the tremor and rigidity due to Parkinsonism, and indeed other motion disorders, have been profoundly influenced by artificially produced destructive lesions in or near the globus pallidus. These have been established chiefly by (1) purposeful infarction (ligation of the anterior choroidal artery 1 ); (2) chemical (procaine 2,3 or alcohol 4,5 ) injection; (3) electrical cauterization 6 ; (4) application of ultrasound radiation, 7 and (5) surgical ablation and transection. 8 It is well known that the symptom complex characterizing the Parkinsonian syndrome may result from a variety of conditions—encephalitis, cerebral arteriosclerosis, neoplasia, carbon monoxide poisoning, hepatolenticular degeneration, and others as well. 9 Although pathologic lesions are encountered in the thalamus, cortex, and hypothalamus, 9 characteristic atrophic changes are found most frequently in the cells of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. 10 The significance of these degenerative lesions with regard to the


From the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of the plant-pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia caryophylli, the complete structure of lipid A has been characterized. For the first time, a 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose 1-phosphate residue was proven to be exclusively linked to the reducing end of lipid A from a wild-type LPS. The LPSs of B. caryophylli were degraded by mild acetate buffer hydrolysis at pH 4.4. The obtained lipid A was analyzed as such, and also after de-O-acylation or dephosphorylation. The structure of lipid A was identified mainly by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry, and by various 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic measurements.


This chapter provides some much needed amplification of the study of Malaysian and Singaporean music in this era by observing the ways in which Malay youth of the mid-1960s to early-1970s were implicated in cultural policies and conservative regimes. It discusses the ideas of two Malay film music icons: Zubir Said and P. Ramlee, whose ideas on Malay music culture inspired the implementation of the Malaysian National Culture Policy (NCP) that was drafted in 1971. The chapter discusses the youth music culture in 1960s that Singapore and Malaysia followed by an observation of the 'yellow cultures' or subversive youth trends that caught the negative attention of Singaporean and Malaysian government authorities. Finally, to provide an insight to the discourses on Malay youth and moral degeneracy in the mid-1960s, the chapter turns to the movie A Go Go '67 directed by Omar Rojik for the Shaw Brothers' Malay Film Productions. Keywords: Malay youth; Malaysian music culture; moral degeneracy; Omar Rojik; P. Ramlee; Singaporean music culture; Zubir Said


never under any circumstances went beyond Marseilles was the first to be attracted by archaic beauty. Arrested by their sophistication and their gallantry, he pointed out that these strange creations of remote antiquity were not only very fine to look upon but that in some way they were intimately connected with the artist's private life. And primitive art moved into the drawing room. Archaic sculpture is an art which belongs to that period of man's religious development when the idea is as big and important as the forms which symbolize it. Moral values and concepts had not yet become established, and a confusion existed between objects of reality and the world of the spirit. The rational and irrational were merged together and responded to physical and mental stimuli. Strange and occult powers were ascribed to rocks and trees, to events and natural phenomena. There was no part of material existence that was not bounded by taboo and superstition. Chance was completely unknown as was the con-


Introduction: The telemarketers are professionals who use the voice as an instrument of work and therefore need attention on their vocal health. Aim: This article aims to describe the aspects that involve the voices of telemarketers, from a literature review of the following: the telemarketing service, their environment and work equipment, the voice profi le of the telemarketer, and conduct speech therapy in the telemarketing. Material and method: The literature review was performed on vocal health in telemarketers using scientifi c e non-scientifi c (legislation) material. Results: After describing the telemarketing and the telemarketers, it was possible to understand that their health is infl uenced by the quality of physical space and administrative and organizational system, the acoustic environment, the ergonomics and the use of headphones and microphone. Telemarketers have a specifi c voice profi le, with demands, complaints and habits peculiar to the profession, and the speech therapy can act in various ways in telemarketing. Conclusion: Speech therapists, telemarketers and telemarketing supervisors should understand the issues


Three haze events occurred in Malaysia during the years of 2014 and 2015. Humidity and visibility parameters are obtained and used to estimate the Lidar ratio (LR) values during these three haze events using the algorithm generated. The possible aerosol types during the haze were also evaluated. The haze event that happened from August to October 2015 was the worst among the three cases with a maximum LR value of 177 sr. The LR values also range from 50 sr to 145 sr. The possible aerosol type during the haze events are highly light absorbing particles such as biomass burning aerosols. The LR values are much larger compared to other literature which may be due to overestimation. The assessed LR values are consistent with the changes of the number of hotspots in neighbouring countries during the haze events.


In this paper we design the optical system for an integrated two-channel TO-type optical transmitter to apply the HDMI interface using the code V simulator. The proposed integrated two-channel optical transmitter has two VCSELs attached in parallel on an 8-pin TO-CAN package, on top of which is a lens filter block (1 mm × 2 mm × 4mm) composed of hemispherical lenses and WDM filters. Considering two-channel transmitters manufactured with wavelength combinations of 1060nm/1270nm and 1330nm/1550nm, we obtain the optimum value of the diameter of the hemispherical lens as 0.6 mm for both combinations, and the distances L between the lens filter block and ball lens as 1.7 mm and 2.0 mm for the 1060nm/1270nm and 1330nm/1550nm wavelength combinations, respectively. At this time, the focal length f


A controller activates sensors to acquire information in order to correctly implement a supervisory control law. Sensor activation is costly because systems often operate in restrictive environments with limited resources. In order to reduce unnecessary sensor activation, along with controlling the system, the supervisory controller continuously adjusts its selecting information in response to its observation of changing circumstances. Building upon existing methods for computing a transition-based minimal sensor activation policy, this paper presents algorithms for computing all minimal transition-based sensor activation policies. This result is also extended for minimizing the numerical sensor activation cost for systems modeled by stochastic automata.


This chapter discusses the history of human capital theory. Before the mid-twentieth century the idea of human capital had a checkered history. Ideas linking the role of human labor to wealth creation can be traced to the works of Aristotle, Ibn Khaldun, and Thomas Aquinas. The chapter examines the ideas posed by notable economic theorists and thinkers such as Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Theodore Schultz, and Gary Becker. It shows how the ideas developed by these thinkers extended to a wide range of issues concerning the relationship between education and the labor market. In turn, they were able to influence policy in such powerful ways that their legacy remains. Above all, their influence shaped the way education is viewed in many countries: as an investment in the economic fortunes of the individual and the nation. This view gradually emerged as the dominant one, but was triumphantly sealed by the advent of neoliberalism in the 1980s.


July 1940 marks the birth of the Chantiers de la Jeunesse, an organization dedicated to the glory of Marshal P?tain. Responding to a major challenge in education launched by the Vichy government -?the renewal of the French race?- the Chantiers de la Jeunesse are characterized by a readiness to experiment in the field of education. By influencing a myriad of teaching practices in France and abroad, this syncretic model responds to the theme of the National Revolution?: encouraging outdoor exercise, building teamwork, returning to the land, instilling a sense of discipline, and exalting the body.


Flower peduncles of Phalaenopsis are cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.0mgL~(-1) 6-BA to induce seedlings,then seedlings are used to induce fasciular buds on MS medium with 5.0mgL~(-1) 6-BA.The optimized medium for rooting is 1/2MS supplemented with 0.1mgL~(-1) 6-BA,0.5mgL-1NAA,10% banana juice and 0.2% active carbon.


Preface Part I. Biography: 1. The poet as a young man 2. Huang, the diplomat 3. Reform and reaction Part II. Criticism: 4. The theory of the Poetic Revolution 5. The practice of revolution 6. Traditional themes 7. Foreign climes 8. The brave new world 9. The development of Huang Zunxian's satire 10. The late satirical poetry 11. Huang Zunxian and modern science 12. Quatrains of 1899 13. Fin de siecle Part III. Translations: 14. Early verse (ca. 1864-1868) 15. The growing talent (1868-1877) 16. Tokyo (1877-1882) 17. San Francisco (1882-1885) 18. Return to China (1885-1890) 19. The empire on which the sun never sets (1890-1892) 20. Singapore (1891-1894) 21. War and reform (1894-1899) 22. Retirement (1899-1905) Notes Bibliography Index.


The paper analyzes various types of communication between older and younger generations in a research environment. Based on the participating observation and narrative interviews methods, it is shown that the personality of a scientist is largely shaped by the social environment where it is located. The conclusion is formulated that in relatively closed scientific communities, everyday communication plays an important role in the adopting the specific values of the scientific community by the younger generation of researchers, as well as their training in professional skills. As the results of the study showed, the success of professional communications is largely ensured by the value of such a characteristic as "personal equation" (a term introduced by Polanyi). In those groups, where the parameters of a "personal equation," the older and younger generations of researchers are approximately equal, the relationships are characterized as the least conflict. And, on the contrary, where there was a significant gap in the parameters of "personal equations", community members are more likely to encounter conflict situations. That negatively affects the field of scientific socialization of the younger generation of researchers.


ERISA preempts hospital's state law action challenging insurer's rule banning health plan participants from assigning their benefit claims to health care providers who had not signed contracts with insurer.


A Burstein-Moss shift has been observed in highly transparent conducting zinc oxide (ZnO) films prepared by ion-beam assisted reactive deposition (IBAD). The optical gaps ranged from 3.27 to 4.1 eV increase with an increase in film conductivities and carrier concentrations. An over 773 K annealing reduces conductivities by several orders of magnitude and subsequently narrows the optical gaps from 3.41 to 3.24 eV. When the films are irradiated with a UV light, they exhibit some photoresponse. The observed UV photoresponse can be interpreted using oxygen photodesorption and chemisorption at the surface.


1 – MESSAGE Churra da Terra Quente – a small native Portuguese sheep breed – exhibited higher dry matter intake of hay per kg live weight, lower digestibility and higher rumen outflow rate than Ile de France breed (Lourenço et al., 2000: Lourenço et al., unpublished data). There are no differences between these breeds in rumen fermentation. Apparently differences in intake and digestibility among these breeds are only the result of rumen outflow rate differences. 2 INTRODUCTION Churra da Terra Quente (CTQ; mature weight: 45-50 kg) is the most important sheep breed reared in the Northeast region of Portugal. It is well known by its rusticity. In previous work, comparing this breed with Ile-deFrance (IF), the authors reported for lambs (Lourenço et al., 2000) and for ewes (Lourenço et al., unpublished data), higher dry matter intake (DMI; g/kg live weight), lower OM digestibility (OMD) and higher rumen outflow rates in CTQ than in Ile de France (IF) breed fed ad libitum and, with ewes, also at the same level of intake per kg live weight (Lourenço et al., unpublished data). Reports comparing rumen environment and kinetics of sheep breeds have been published (e.g. Ranilla et al., 1997, 2000; Molina et al., 2001). In these reports differences among breeds have been found. The present study was designed to further clarify digestive differences between CTQ and IF breeds.


THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
OF THE FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION, UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA IN
PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARD OF
MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH DEGREE.


In the past few decades, scholars have begun to establish ethical principles for public health engagement. A key tension has been how to reconcile public health improvement with local autonomy in decision making so as to express respect for community members' on-the-ground experience. This article describes the experience of one children's hospital in learning to ethically engage a surrounding community in conversations about housing development in partnership with a local faith-based development organization.


The present study aimed to assess the integrated approach of yoga therapy (IAYT) effect on cerebrovascular reactivity in middle cerebral artery (MCA), prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation and cognitive functions in patients with T2DM. Method: 75 patients were randomized to the IAYT group [n=38; 07 female; mean age 52.95 (8.20) years] and the waitlist control group [n=37; 06female; mean age (SD) 49.62 (10.94) years]. The cerebral blood flow and prefrontal hemodynamic activities were assessed using transcranial doppler and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively, during resting and cognitive performance. IAYT group participants received 3 months of intervention and assessments were done at baseline (0-week), mid (after 6-week), and post (after 12-week). Results: After a 12-week intervention, participants of the yoga group showed improved accuracy and reaction time in a 2-back condition of the working memory task, and the scores of the Corsi Block Tapping task. Further, cerebrovascular changes were observed in the middle cerebral artery, which showed increased peak systolic velocity, mean blood flow velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and breath-holding index after 12-week yoga practice. The oxygenation was also higher at dorsolateral, dorsomedial, and ventromedial and orbitofrontal PFC in the 12th week of the yoga practitioners group compared to the control group. Moreover, during 2-back working memory task, yoga group participants demonstrated increased oxygenation at dorsolateral PFC compared to pre and higher oxygenation at dorsolateral, ventrolateral, ventromedial and orbitofrontal PFC compared to control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that IAYT practice may improve cognitive functions by improving cerebral blood flow through the middle cerebral artery and hemodynamic activities in the prefrontal regions in patients with T2DM.

 D.Singh: None. C.Kaligal: None. V.M: None. A.Kanthi: None.

 Ministry of Ayush, Government of India (Z.280152092015-HPC(EMR)-AYUSH)