Ligand-gated ion channels are crucial for synaptic transmission in the nervous system (1.2). After binding of the ligand to its binding site, the protein undergoes a conformational change from a closed nonconductive to an open conductive state that allows the selective flux of ions Structurally, the superfamily of ligand-gated ions channels display the presence of three major domains (l,2): i) a large extracellular N-terminus, that exposes the ligand binding site ii) a long hydrophilic segment containing protein kinases consensus sequences and is, presumably, located intracellularly. iii) Four putative transmembrane segments, Ml-M4 (1-3). Among them, M2 has been implicated in forming the aqueous pore of the ionic channel (1-3). M2 is amphipathic and predicted to be ahelical ( 1 -3) Mutations in M2 residues affect the ionic selectivity and the efficacy of blockade by open channel blockers (2-10). Furthermore, NMR studies show that M2 peptides are indeed a-helical in lipid bilayers and are oriented perpendicular to the membrane plane ( 1 1). Together, these results suggest that the M2 transmembrane segment is an important component of the aqueous pore of this superfamily of receptors. However, the molecular determinants that define their ion permeation properties are not yet known in detail The neuronal a 7 acetylcholine receptor (AChRa7) and the neuronal kainate/AMPA glutamate receptor subunit 1 (HBGRI) represent ideal receptor models because they express hnctional homomeric receptors, presumably, with pentameric stoichiometry. To determine if negatively -charged residues exposed to the lumen of the aqueous pore increase permeability to divalent cations, we introduced an acidic residue (D) at position T244 of AChRa7 (AChRa7T244D) ( 5 ) . in the N-terminus of the M2 Wild type and mutant receptors were assayed for functional expression in , Y L ' I I O ~ I I S oocytes. Unexpectedly, the AChRa7T244D displayed a higher sensitivity to ACh and a slower desensitization rate than the AChRa7wt These results along with those reported for other AChRa7 mutants in nearby residues (610). indicate the existence of a tight interplay between the binding domain and the pore domain of this channel protein An acidic residue in the M2 segment remarkably modulated the ion permeation properties of the AChRa7. Reversal potential measurements under different extracellular ionic conditions indicated that AChRa7T244D had a higher permeability to divalent over monovalent cations Furthermore, the mutant receptor was permeable to Mg2+, a cation that blocks AChRa7wt. Quantitation of the relative ionic permeability, using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz model, showed that the AChRa7T244D exhibited ~3fo ld increase in the relative permeability to Ba2+ over Na', without significantly affecting the relative permeability among monovalent cations In muscular and 7ixpedo AChRs the equivalent position of T244 is a molecular determinant of the sensitivity to QX-222 blockade (2.3), an analog of the local anesthetic lidocaine. Since QX-222 has a positively-charged quaternary ammonium group, it is expected that a negative residue in T244 would increase the efficacy of QX-222 blockade. Our results indeed show that the AChRa7T244D displays a higher sensitivity to QX-222 blockade than the AChRa7wt, namely, higher affinity and stronger voltage dependence. Collectively, these results support the notion that T244 in the M2 transmembrane segment of the AChRa7 is a structural determinant of its ion permeation properties and its sensitivity to open channel blockers. At variance with cholinergic receptors, mutagenesis experiments on glutamate receptors suggested that the ion permeation properties are determined by the N612 in NMDA receptors and the 4582 in kainate/AMPA receptors, near the C-terminus of M2 (l2,13). Our results indeed suggest that Q582 in HBGRl is a molecular determinant of its ionic permeability and its sensitivity to open channel blockers such as Mg2+ of HBGRI, in agreement with other reports (1 2). Mutation of residues nearby the equivalent position of T244 in AChRa7 did not affected the permeation properties of HBGRl nor of other glutamate receptors (12). Taken together, these results suggest that in acetylcholine receptors the selectivity filter is located near the N-terminus of M2 which lies in the cytoplasmic side of the pore, whereas in glutamate receptors it is close to the C-terminus, which faces the synaptic side of the pore. In conclusion, the M 2 transmembrane segment in the superfamily of neurotransmitter-activated ion channels contains the structure determinants of the ionic selectivity and, therefore. this segment is an essential component of the hydrophilic pore.


This work describes a non-statistical multi-scale model of the normal contact between rough surfaces. The model produces predictions for contact area as a function of contact load, and is compared to the traditional Greenwood and Williamson (GW) and Majumdar and Bhushan (MB) rough surface contact models, which represent single-scale and fractal analyses, respectively. The current model incorporates the effect of asperity deformations at multiple scales into a simple framework for modeling the contact between nominally flat rough surfaces. Similar to the "protuberance upon protuberance" theory proposed by Archard, the model considers the effect of having smaller asperities located on top of larger asperities in repeated fashion with increasing detail down to the limits of current measurement techniques. The parameters describing the surface topography (areal asperity density and asperity radius) are calculated from an FFT performed of the surface profile. Thus, the model considers multi-scale effects, which fractal methods have addressed, while attempting to more accurately incorporate the deformation mechanics into the solution. After the FFT of a real surface is calculated, the computational resources needed for the method are very small. Perhaps surprisingly, the trends produced by this non-statistical multi-scale model are quite similar to those arising from the GW and MB models.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Flexible curtain provides a good way of dividing a body of waters as a means of eliminating nutrients or holding back suspended load in turbid waters. It can also be used to prevent short-circuiting current. In addition to current and hydrostatic forces, the design must also take account of the wave load. This requires knowledge of the damping characteristics of the submerged curtain. of the damping characteristics of the submerged curtain. The investigations presented here used a thin, fixed vertical barrier as reference, in order to establish a reduction factor for the damping effect between the flexible curtain and the vertical barrier, making it possible to calculate the transmission coefficient of the flexible curtain.


To make the development process of electric machines more efficient, it is very important to assess the characteristics of a given machine design early in the design process. In the case of a Switched Reluctance Machine in single-pulse operation, the efficiency is mainly determined by the turn-on and turn-off angle. These parameters on the other hand have a significant impact on the acoustic behavior of the drive system. This paper compares different sets of excitation angles and investigates the validity of a late-single-pulse strategy for Switched Reluctance Machines in generator mode. Measurements confirm partly this control strategy and the underlying simplified simulation approach for the examined machine.


It describes a method and an apparatus bearing material. Bearing material comprising a matrix of polytetrafluoroethylene, dispersed in the matrix have the following volume% of the material: melt-processible fluoropolymer 2 to 10; 10 to 30 inorganic particulate filler; and up to 5 of a ceramic particulate material.


You must truly to read the book Companion Guide To The Asme Boiler Pressure Vessel Code Setgcse Media Studies For Aqa due to the fact that you will certainly discover great deals of lesson as well as encounter from the Yvonne Jaeger Mentoring If you read this wonderful book, I assume you will certainly get bunches of benefits too. Locate the terrific content of this online publication to download or just read online here by signing up in the web link. Click and also discover them in ppt, zip, pdf, word, kindle, rar, and also txt file. companion guide transaction information cms 837i noe companion guide . 1 . cms . companion guide transaction information . instructions related to the non-standard use of the 837 health care claim: institutional


We studied the key electronic properties of a family of 2D frameworks structurally convergent with holey graphenes. The bandgap of these materials decreases monotonically with size showing a common trend with anthracenes and kekulenes . This is rationalized by Clar's sextet rule which reveals a direct relationship between the molecular systems and the 2D frameworks. In addition, a detailed benchmark against experimental data showcases the high quality of the models which reproduce accurately available electronic properties. Overall, we show DFT can be used to  screen and understand the intrinsic bandgaps and electrochemistry potentials for technological applications prior to the synthesis of π-conjugated porous materials.


The phase diagram of the binary system of the electron acceptor (A) 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with the electron donor (D) benzene has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry. A termolecular, congruently melting complex AD2 was found. Association constants of the complex in the molten state have been obtained from the analysis of the liquidus line of the complex in terms of concurrence of complexing and non-complexing interactions. The proton chemical shifts of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and benzene have been measured as a function of the concentration over the whole composition range of the A–D binary system in the molten state. The data were analysed by a multiparametric curve-fitting method. Fitting was performed for simple AD and AD2 and double AD + AD2 equilibrium models, each with and without non-complexing interactions. No reasonable fit could be obtained for the ideal association models. The inclusion of non-complexing interactions allowed the data to be fitted by either the simple AD or the double AD + AD2 equilibrium model. The results are compared with those obtained from analysis of the phase diagram data.


[Objective] To study effects of low-energy N+ion implantation on ethanol fermentation efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[Method]S. cerevisiae AS2.399 was selected as recipient bacterium,the optimum implantation parameter was determined,effects of ion implantation on S. cerevisiae AS 2. 399 ethanol fermentation efficiency and key enzyme expression were studied. [Result] Under the condition of implantation dose of 10 × 1015ions /cm2,the survival rate of S. cerevisiae AS 2.399 was about 25%,ethanol yield higher than that of original strain was 0. 42 g ethanol /g glucose(84% of theoretical yield),and enzyme activity values of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase relevant to ethanol formation which was also higher than thatof original strain was approximately 0. 53 and 2. 47,respectively. [Conclusion]This report could lay significant foundation for using low-energy ion implantation technology to recombine S. cerevisiae to expand its breadth of substrate utilization and improving its efficiency of ethanol fermentation.


Challenging behaviors range from disobedience to outright physical violence in the school setting. A variety of different terms are used to describe these behaviors, including "antisocial behavior, aggression, bad behavior, difficult behavior, and problem behavior." The term "challenging behavior" was chosen for this paper because not only is the child challenging the authority of the school and/or teacher, but also because dealing with the behavior is challenging for educators. The paper will discuss what is known about challenging behaviors, why they occur, and some strategies for dealing with them. It notes that the American Psychological Association suggests that three research priorities should be addressed: research on school environment factors known to increase aggression and violence; the development and evaluation of programs that would help children resist violence; and the development and evaluation of programs to teach children and families critical television viewing skills. (Contains 26 references.) (NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Challenging Behaviors in School Anne K. Rhodes-Kline PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY University of Maine r Movoz_ TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. University of Maine-Maine Principals' Association Research Partnership -College of Education & Human Development 5766 Shibles Hall Orono, ME 04469-5766


The altitude dependence of extensive air showers is considered on the assumption that the absolute value of energy transferred to pi mesons in nucleon-nucleus collisions at E > 10/sup 14/ ev is constant in the center-of-mass- system. It is shown that to get agreement with the experimental data one must think that secondary interactions of particles different from pi mesons carry away the main energy in collisions of nucleons with nuclei, pi mesons getting a constant part of the energy of the outgoing particle. (auth)


The average middle-class American contemplated the turn of the twentieth century from his farmhouse or his home on the city's fringe with a smug complacency. The United States had just defeated what Americans viewed as the archetype of "backward" Europe—monarchical and Roman Catholic Spain—in a war that had led to easy victory, empire, and a vastly increased self-esteem and world esteem for the United States.


The high photocatalytic activity of anatase is markedly enhanced by the presence of a rutile interface. Such phase heterojunctions have previously been formed by sintering admixtures, which results in biphasic particles or agglomerated powders. Current efforts to orientate these heterojunctions relative to the incident light and electrodes to optimize and further improve photoactivity have focussed on sputter coating, dip coating and doctor blading. These techniques offer two ways by which photoactivity may be increased; firstly by maximizing the area of the heterojunction relative to the volume of the two phases and secondly by optimizing spatial ordering of the phases, charge carrier flow direction and path length. Here we report a one step room temperature self-assembly technique which reproducibly creates microstructurally phase graduated photoanodes consisting of a base layer of rutile nanorods and increasing concentrations of anatase in subsequent layers. A large increase in current density and OCP was observed (0.4 to 0.75 mA cm−2) that coincided with the appearance of anatase in the coating i.e. the initial formation of a heterojunction, and longer deposition times were concomitant with increasing current density to a maximum of 1.1 mA cm−2 The resulting nanostructured electrodes were evaluated in non-optimised N3-dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) where they demonstrated 188% higher short current density than P25 controls.


The thermal dissociation of OsCl/sub 4/ was studied at 697 to 830 deg K. The dissociation pressure at 830 deg is over 5 atm. The equilibrium develops slowly at 697 deg K. Dissociation pressures for OsCl/sub 4/ are tabulated. The logarithm of the equilibrium pressure plotted against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature gives a straight line. (R.V.J.)


In this study,biochemical experiment of strainⅡ32 was carried out.The experiments of catalase,starch hydrolysis,yield of hydrogen sulphide,V-P,litmus milk peptonization and gelatin liquefaction showed negative.And the tests of glucose,gluconate,acid producing by litmus milk and litmus milk reduction were positive.The 16S rDNA fragment of strainⅡ32 was amplified through general PCR with the template of its total DNA and bacteria 16S rDNA universal primers.The 16S rDNA sequence was analyzed and compared to that of other Lactobacillus strains held in GenBank DNA database using the BLAST algorithm.StrainⅡ32 was initially characterized as L.pentosus,L.plantarum or L.paraplantarum.About 300bp fragment of amplified recA-gene could be utilizod to identify strainⅡ32 as Lactobacillus paraplantarum by amplification of recA-gene finally.


Background: The COVID 19 Pandemic is a worldwide problem. Accelerate of COVID 19 cases is fastest, in 3 month first until March to May 2020, mortality not to driven. Make to arise panic and what do to that the emerging action? Drug priority indications are none, all kind type therapy during trial and error research. Must get the emerging action evaluation to get a new and accurate plan. Therapy divide into two-part, mass therapy and individual therapy. Mortality case isn't to drive, fastest to increase. Where some victims of COVID 19 majority from medic and paramedic, especially elderly with comorbid, process to several stages is fastest. Especially, The PHBS team collaboration between government and civil society.  Its to be obeyed the rule of individual and community health from government. Growth of pandemic can to the stop.
Methods: Review Literature therapy plasma Convalescesn in many center hospitals in the country and abroad, That's variable on the same in the 3rd stage are vaccine, plasma convalescent and drug oral or intra vena to clinical trial for individual or community. How much percentage compares from the benefit between technic and system therapy for COVID 19.
Result: All clinical centers, stage of every clinical center stay among in stage three, become to stage four takes a little time for 6 months, to gets the conclusion. Plasma convalescent: Chen (2020), to be more than better clinic symptoms and condition in 1-3 days on patient covid19 with comorbid. Indicators are not subfebris, malaise, dyspnea, cough, and chest pain, and in the laboratory are increase titer of IgG and lymphocyte and absorbent of mucous in lung (Sumardi, 2020; Monica, 2020; Darmawan, 2020, Hanoi, 2020; Sulistyo, 2020).
Conclusion: The communitas problem can be to stop, if preventing health mass and individual will be obeyed, Growth of pandemic can to the stop   Multidrug and plasma convalescence therapy its result of emergence collaboratory with system out of the box protocol research, only 6 month the time of 4th stage. It's the strategy to accelerate decrease COVID 19 Pandemic Mortality and Morbidity.


Aim: To determine the quality of life score in patients with chronic liver disease using CLO questionnaire. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore during from 14-June-2016to 15-December-2016. Methodology: 180 consecutive patients of chronic liver disease were selected after taking Informed consent. The diagnosis was confirmed according to the data of clinical, biochemical examinations and the results of percutaneous liver biopsy data in some selected cases. All patients were subjected to exam, LFT's, RFT's and CBC, ultrasound abdomen, esophagogastroscopy which were enrolled in this study. Anti HCV, HBsAg, ferritin, Cerruloplasmin and Autoimmune profile, was done to establish the etiology. Severity of liver disease was estimated by Child-Pugh Score (Annexed). The chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) was applied as the instrument for measuring quality of life. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.28±7.26 years. Majority of the patients were male as there frequency was 142 (78.9%). 127 (70.60 %) cases were found to be having a child pugh grade c severity of disease. Mean quality of life score was 16.3±5.88. Mean quality of life score in males was 16.21±6.21 while in female was 16.63±4.48. Similarly the mean quality of life score in child pugh class B was 13.77±4.58 and in child pugh class C was 17.35±6.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that the quality of life was bad in the patients who had child pugh class C as compared to those who had class B. Keywords: Quality of Life, Chronic Liver Disease, Cirrhosis


We present some experimental results and numerical simulations of acoustic emissions (AE) due to damage propagation in a concrete specimen subjected to the three-point bending (TPB) test. The test is performed under Crack-mouth opening displacement control. Moreover, AE are detected by an eight sensors experimental device, which allows for signal localization and complete storing of the signal wave. The AE cumulative number, the time frequency analysis and the statistical properties of AE time series will be numerically simulated adopting the so-called "particle method strategy". The method provides the velocity of particles in a set simulating the behavior of a granular system and, therefore, is suitable to model the compressive wave propagation and AE (corresponding to cracking) in a solid body. The localization of AE events is correctly reproduced. In addition, the Gutenberg-Richter statistics of AE events due to cracking, crucial for the evaluation of damage and remaining lifetime, were simulated and result in agreement with the experimental evidences


The Soviet legal profession occupies a place of honor in the system of government and public organizations whose duty it is to protect the rights and liberties of Soviet citizens and to strengthen socialist legality and order. In performing the function of defense in criminal trials and in providing other legal services to citizens, enterprises, institutions and organizations, and by vigorous activity to educate the people with respect to Soviet law, lawyers promote the defense of the rights and legal interests of the citizenry, their training in a spirit of respect for Soviet laws, prevention of crime, strengthening of socialist legality, and proper administration of justice.


In the work the research of influence of the complex alloy addition as well as the additional microalloying by ligature NbVA, by zirconium nitride and ferrotitanium on the structure, mechanical and cavitation-erosive qualities of steels.


ABSTRACT Creating and maintaining a successful luxury brand has many challenges. In emerging markets like India, brands face additional challenges due to the smaller size of the market as well as consumer's general preference for value over luxury. Based on a qualitative approach, the study aims to empirically develop an analytical framework of the critical success factors (CSFs) for luxury brands keeping in mind the uniqueness of the emerging markets. This study involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 senior managers with varying experience in luxury fashion industry, supported by secondary research such as internal documents and media reports. The study identifies 10 interrelated CSFs, which are categorized into two broad categories, i.e., Core CSFs and Augmentative CSFs. Based on consumer maturity and brand status, four types of consumption patterns (aspirational, conspicuous, experiential, and heritage) for luxury brands are also identified. Managers can use our CSF framework along with the consumption pattern matrix for efficient luxury brand management.


This new two-volume text of hand and wrist surgery by Richard A. Berger and Arnold-Peter C. Weiss will certainly provide a viable alternative to Green's "Operative Hand Surgery."

Edited by two of America's leading contemporary hand surgeons, more than 150 surgeons, physicians and therapists


This invention relates generally to thin-film technology and more particularly to a method of producing high-quality vanadium dioxide (VO/sub 2/) thin films through a one-step reactive evaporation process. It is generally known that VO/sub 2/ is one of several transition metal oxides which show an abrupt change in certain physical properties such as electrical resistance at a temperature T/sub t/ (transition temperature). In VO/sub 2/, the transition is probably best described as a first-order semiconductor-to-metal transition accompanied by a lattice distortion with T/sub t/ = 68C. Because of this conveniently low transition temperature and large drop in near infrared transmittance experienced by such films, VO/sub 2/ has been used in thermal relays, electrical-switching elements, and optical-storage media.


Based on the synthetic analysis of current computer software, we discuss the features that computer audit system model should hold in the networks environment. This paper proposes a novel mobile agent-based distributed computer audit system model. Finally, the functions of three subsystems and relevant agents, and components of audit mobile agent in the model are explored in detail.


Aim: This research was conducted to find out the prevalence of frozen shoulder among chronic diabetic patients. Methodology: This study was conducted in Kanaan Physiotherapy and Spine, Lahore, Pakistan. It was a cross sectional study. 155 patients were randomly selected. Patient's detail history was taken including age, gender, duration and any other history of joint disease, trauma and pain during movement. Patient was then taken through the scratch test for diagnosis of frozen shoulder. Patient was instructed to touch medial side of scapula of opposite shoulder, then to touch the upper back by placing the arm overhead, then place the arm on lower side of the back and try to reach upward. Results: Prevalence of frozen shoulder in diabetic patients was 31.6%. Conclusion: Frozen Shoulder was found to be a common problem in Diabetic Mellitus.


Competition among different universities depends largely on the competition for talent. Talent evaluation and selection is one of the main activities in human resource management (HRM) which is critical for university development. Firstly, linguistic neutrosophic sets (LNSs) are introduced to better express multiple uncertain information during the evaluation procedure. We further merge the power averaging operator with LNSs for information aggregation and propose a LN-power weighted averaging (LNPWA) operator and a LN-power weighted geometric (LNPWG) operator. Then, an extended technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is developed to solve a case of university HRM evaluation problem. The main contribution and novelty of the proposed method rely on that it allows the information provided by different decision makers (DMs) to support and reinforce each other which is more consistent with the actual situation of university HRM evaluation. In addition, its effectiveness and advantages over existing methods are verified through sensitivity and comparative analysis. The results show that the proposal is capable in the domain of university HRM evaluation and may contribute to the talent introduction in universities.


Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not preoperative exercise improves quality of life, compared to patient education alone, in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) while awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA). Study Design: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-reviewed journals between 2015 and 2016, all in the English language. Data Sources: Three randomized controlled trials were found using PubMed. Outcomes Measured: The change in ADL (activities of daily living), recreational function, and pain were measured in all trials using self-reported patient questionnaires (WOMAC) and a variety of physical activities before and after the patient completed the required pre-operative exercise program. Which were then presented as a change in mean from baseline and compared to the control group. Results: Study by Hermann et al. showed in increase in ADL function in the intervention group vs. control group (p-value <0.001) after completing a pre-operative progressive explosive-type resistance training. Study by Svege et al. saw at long term follow up that the patients that performed the pre-operative exercise program prolonged their need for THA (p-value 0.034) and had an increase in ADL function compared to the control group (p-value 0.004). Study by Zeng et al. showed that the patients that performed pre-operative tai chi and strength training had an increase in ADL function compared to the control group (p-value <0.01). However, none of the studies showed a significant change in pain outcomes between the intervention and control groups. Conclusions: Evidence supporting the use of pre-operative exercise regimens is feasible for increase in activities of daily living and function, but not for pain in patients with hip OA awaiting THA. Pre-operative exercise programs should be considered in patients that can tolerate it while awaiting their surgery, but the THA is what will ultimately improve pain.


Using the lens of Gutiérrez's framework for equity-based teaching, this study examines how two clinical practice experiences supported elementary education teacher candidates' development of mathematics pedagogies. Findings indicate that clinical experiences with teachers who demonstrate equity-based practices were associated with candidates' confidence to implement equity-based teaching. Further, in classrooms that did not promote equity-based teaching candidates were still able to implement equity-based practices when teaching small groups of students. Implications include the need for teacher educators with specific content expertise to form partnerships and clinical practice experiences with schools to ensure that equity-based practices are present.


This paper is a discussion of recent initiatives by the International Federation of Accountants with regard to ethics education in the accounting profession. This discussion is framed by four related questions focusing on the reasons for ethics education (why ethics?), the potential and limitations of ethics education (can ethics be taught?), followed by the content (what is to be taught?) and delivery mode (how is ethics to be taught?). Despite some critical remarks, there is great appreciation for the profession's efforts to restore public trust and serve the common good. "The accounting profession must restore its priceless asset: its reputation." (Barry Melanchon, AICPA President, 2002)


This paper presents an analysis of X-band SAR images on agricultural crops. Emphasis is put on the differences between two parallel polarisations HH and W, observed on cover types at two dates. The most striking feature is the singular behaviour of flooded ricefields. which differs from the early to fully growth stage. The behaviour, explained by backscattering models on vegetation canopy with highly reflecting underlying surface, suggests the use of the polarisation ratio between HH and W for


Objective To study the expression and significance of nitric oxygen synthease(NOS)in gastric musa after ethanol-induced acute gastritis in rat.Methods 30male Wistar mice were randomly divided into 5groups,with 6mice each:group A,gaster-poured by physiological solution;group B,gaster-poured by ethanol;group C,gaster-poured by ethanol after hypophrenic vagotomy;group D,gaster-poured by ethanol after big-small splanchnicotomy;group E,gaster-poured by ethanol after hypophrenic vagotomy and big-small splanchnicotomy.The distribution of NOS positive neuron in central nervous system was displayed and immunohistochemical staining method was used.Results The NOSⅠpositive cells in mucosa of gastric body of groups C and E are sparse and light stained.The NOSⅠpositive cells in mucosa of gastric body of groups A,B and D are dense and deep-stained.The difference of the numbers of NOSⅠpositive cells between groups C,E and groups A,D,E has statistical significance(P0.05).The distribution of NOSⅡpositive cells in mucosa of gastric body in groups C,E and in groups B,D is contrary to that of NOSⅠpositive cells.Conclusion Stomachache has a close relationship with the generation of excessive NOS.


The escape of spectral line radiation from laser-produced plasma radiation sources with moderate opacity is examined using a simple model of emission with a planar geometry, constant source function, and an empirically determined optical depth. The model is applied to determine the radiation produced by laser irradiation of tin targets used as the source of radiation in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Variations in emission relative to optically thin plasmas in agreement with previous experimental measurements of both the angular variation of the emission of EUV light at 13.5 nm and the effect of plasma opacity in reducing EUV emission at laser intensities above 10 11 W cm − 2 are found. The model is extended to predict optimum conditions for future lithography radiation sources at ≈ 6.7 nm.The escape of spectral line radiation from laser-produced plasma radiation sources with moderate opacity is examined using a simple model of emission with a planar geometry, constant source function, and an empirically determined optical depth. The model is applied to determine the radiation produced by laser irradiation of tin targets used as the source of radiation in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Variations in emission relative to optically thin plasmas in agreement with previous experimental measurements of both the angular variation of the emission of EUV light at 13.5 nm and the effect of plasma opacity in reducing EUV emission at laser intensities above 10 11 W cm − 2 are found. The model is extended to predict optimum conditions for future lithography radiation sources at ≈ 6.7 nm.


An individual's identity related to health is critically important in terms of the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors, and guides approaches to health change across the lifespan. This article presents a review of the literature and proposes a health socialization and health identity framework, which may be used to clarify challenges in health behavior changes and also guide intervention efforts. Numerous classic theories of human development, cognition and motivation are reviewed, and suggestions for optimal health identity development are offered.


This paper applies the 'technomimetics' concept to generate a new class of parallel mechanisms inspired by origami folds. This new class of 3-DOF (Degree of Freedom) parallel mechanisms is constructed with 3-RPRP architecture. When the geometric constraints mentioned in this paper are applied, the mechanisms will be allowed to rotate around the x and y axes and translate vertically along the z axis, while the centre of the platform remains concentric to the centre of its base. This paper investigates both position and geometry of these mechanisms and identifies the closed form solutions for the inverse kinematics problem. The differential kinematical analysis is developed by deriving the Jacobian matrix through screw theory and the singularities are identified with workspace analysis. The paper ends with isotropic configuration analysis and illustrates the characteristics of the new mechanisms.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


The predicted and measured short term foundation behavior of a 28 story building in downtown San Antonio, Texas is reported. The soil is a stiff to hard clay and clay shale. The design based on laboratory tests performed on recovered samples leads to 80 ft (24. 4 m) deep 4. 5 ft (1. 37 m) diameter shafts with 13 ft (3. 97 m) diameter bells for the most heavily loaded piers. The calculated settlement is 0. 5 in. (12. 7 mm). Pressuremeter tests are performed after the fact indicating moduli 11 times higher than those given by the laboratory tests. The load distribution in the instrumented shafts and the settlement history enable one to evaluate the predictions.


Aim and Objectives: Discuss relevant laboratory findings raised PDW with age and sex distribution. Establish care guidelines for HIV infected person and altered haematopoiesis resulting in with raised red cell distribution width. Review the pathogenesis of the haematological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Method: Blood was collected in a sterile EDTA containing tube and processed following our established laboratory protocol and by universal precaution as per the guideline of National aids control organization (NACO, India). A complete blood counting including HB%, PCV, Red cell indices, platelet count, Red cell distribution width and total white cell count and differential was done by Automated blood cell counter analyzer of all the patient on antiretroviral therapy. The all cell count indices including WBC count with differential and platelet count, was further confirmed by manual oil immersion smear study method. Peripheral smears study was done with field A and B Stain and Leishman stain. Result: In our study out of 300 HIV cases 189 cases (63%, n=300) shows increased PDW in which male cases are 125 cases (66.48%, n=188) and female cases are 64 (57.14%, N=112). Conclusion: PDW is commonly affected haematological parameter in HIV infective cases. higher red blood cell distribution width is associated with a worse virologic and clinical situation in HIV infected. Introduction All peripheral blood cells have been observed in patients with HIV infection with the exception of thrombocytopenia, which can occur in asymptomatic individuals with relatively mild immune deficiency, anaemia and leucopenia are both more frequent and severe in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. Peripheral red blood cells in patients with anaemia are typically normchromic and normocytic and exhibit a varying degree of anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. The perturbation in red cell size and shape is reflected in an increased red cell distribution width. Macrocytosis is rarely seen. However, in patients receiving therapy with zidovudine, macrocytosis www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 79.54 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i11.152


PURPOSE
To demonstrate the adaptation of prompt gamma (PG) imaging for the spot scanning in a patient phantom as an independent tool for non-invasive proton beam range verification.

METHODS
A cylindrical high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector was modeled using GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit and implemented into a modulated proton beam scanning model. Simulations were run to calculate the spectrum of energy deposited by gamma ray interactions in the modeled HPGe detector from a water phantom and a patient CT phantom during irradiations with proton beam. Images for individual spots (spot patterns were determined from a real patient treatment plan) will be reconstructed using all detected gammas as well as the gamma characteristic of specific nuclear excitations.

RESULTS
Dose depth profiles along arbitrary lines in the beam direction showed the dependence of PG 50% falloff on the location of the dose falloff within the water phantom and the patient CT phantom. The PG energy spectra at the emission point (inside phantoms) and the detector outside phantoms were illustrated. Reconstructed gamma emission profile will be compared with dose depth profile. Prompt gamma images will be reconstructed for spot and/or treatment field.

CONCLUSION
This work indicated the first study of clinical implementation of the PG imaging for proton range verification using the incorporated detector response to the patient CT phantom irradiated with proton beam. The results showed feasible correlation between the spot scanning does distribution and prompt gamma ray production. This study will be used in future investigation of detector design optimization following measurements that will be carried out using custom-build prototype detector system using Compton reconstruction.


BACKGROUD
SDHIs are the fastest growing agricultural fungicides at present, but their rapidly growing resistance is a serious problem for their application. Previously, we screened out a fungicidal lead compound CBUA-TPP (1) through TPP-driven mitochondrial-targeting strategy. The targeting led to the rapid accumulation of 1 in mitochondria and the saturation inhibition of complex II in a short time, resulting to electron leakage and the explosion of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the contribution of biphenyl-2-amines to the activity of these compounds and their structure-activity relationship are still unknown.

RESULTS
Two series of CBUA-TPP (1) analogues (series 2 and 3) were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results indicated that series 2 compounds generally showed much higher fungicidal activities than series 3, suggesting the crucial contribution of the biarylamine module in these targeted molecules and the pyridinyl substitution of phenyl is unfavorable to their activities. Interestingly, these two series of compounds displayed almost opposite substituent effects. Several compounds showed excellent fungicidal activities in vitro, among which compound 2-1 exhibited excellent field control efficacy on potato late blight.

CONCLUSION
By optimizing the lead compound, the contribution of biarylamine in CBUA-TPP (1) analogs to the fungicidal activity is clarified. Several compounds, represented by 2-1, have great potential as fungicide candidates. They exhibit high and broad-spectrum fungicidal activities and highly effective against common pathogenic fungi infecting vegetables and fruits both in vitro and field control. It not only provided a new choice for controlling these diseases, but its low resistance tendency also provided a better scheme for resistance management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This article gives an overview of test and measurement solutions for design and debug of electronic devices, and the challenges that the engineers face in their day-to-day work.


This paper reviews and develops techniques of estimating the proportion of marriages that end in divorce which are based on disruption rates observed during a particular period of time. A source of bias in commonly used indirect estimation procedures is identified and methods of adjusting for the bias are developed. Application of the new techniques to American data of 1973 suggests that 44% of marriages would end in divorce under disruption rates of that year.


Objective To discuss the clinical effect of comprehensive treatment in acute massive cerebral infarction. Methods We chose 80 cases of acute massive cerebral infarction patients in our hospital from January, 2008 to January, 2011 and divided them into two groups, each group with 40 patients. Patients of the control group were given western medicine only, while patients of the observation group were given comprehensive treatment. Then we had a retrospective analysis of their clinical data. Results The success rate of the observation group was 70%, while 40% in the control group, whose difference was of statistical significance(P 0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive treatment in acute massive cerebral infarction can raise clinical effect, reduce the complication rate and improve patients' life obviously.


ABSTRACT In my reply to Lasse Thomassen's paper, 'All Claims Are Representative Claims: Response to Thomás Zicman de Barros', I try to address two points – one theoretical and one normative – where I think Thomassen ends up misrepresenting my argument. By clarifying these misunderstandings, I hope to find some common ground with Thomassen's position.


ABSTRACT
INTAN DIADARA : The characteristics of Toby Temple in A Stranger In The Mirror by Sidney Sheldon. A Scientific Research Paper, Faculty of Letters; English Department. Bachelor Degree Program. Gunadarma University. Kalimalang, Bekasi; 2011.
The writer is interested in analyzing the characteristic of Toby Temple in A Stranger in the Mirror. A Stranger in the Mirror is a story about real life in film industry. It tells about how we can be an artist by not being ourselves. The story is about a man named Toby Temple and how he survived in the film industry to be famous. The aim of the research paper describes the characteristics of Toby Temple. To find the data for this scientific research the writer uses a qualitative research as the research method. The writer also used some dictionaries, website to collect the data, and some books which related to the topic. As a primary source of data, the writer used a novel "A Stranger in the Mirror" by Sidney Sheldon. After analyzing the data the result shows that Toby Temple really loved his mother, he is a hyper sex, a never give up person, a royal person, a generous person, a motivator person and also Toby is jealous of the success of other.


This study aimed to determine whether personality dimensions in Big Five Personality model that consist of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience will be able to influence auditor performance in public accounting firms in Bali. Previous studies have shown that personality dimensions in this model related to performance (Barrick dan Mount, 1991; Barrick dkk, 2001; Rothmann dan Coetzer, 2003). The data was collected using survey method with questionnaire. Samples that used in this study were 56 auditors and selected by purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is multiple linear reggression. The result showed that only extraversion and agreeableness had positive effect on auditor performance, but conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience did not have any effect on auditor performance.


The following three books are reviewed in this issue: Network Modeling and Simulation: A Practical Perspective (Mohsen Guizani, Ammar Rayes, Bilal Khan, Ala Al-Fuqaha, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2010); MIS 2010; Instructor's Edition (Hossein Bidgoli, Course Technology, Cengage Learning, 2010); and Steganography in Digital Media: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications (Jessica Fridrich, Cambridge University Press, 2010)


* Acknowledgments * Introduction: Paul H. Gelles * Preliminary Note to the Original Edition: Ricardo Valderrama Fernandez and Carmen Escalante Gutierrez * Gregorio Condori Mamani *1. Beginnings *2. Aeroplanes and Other Beasts *3. Military Tricks *4. Earth Mother, Cropkeeper, and the Three Brothers *5. The Barracks *6. "The Army Isn't Christian" *7. Inkas and Spaniards *8. Stories from Jail *9. Rosa, Josefa, and Miracle Shrines *10. Life with Asunta *11. The Factory *12. We Strappers * Asunta Quispe Huaman *13. Running Away from the Hacienda *14. Eusebio *15. "I Stopped Bearing That Cross" *16. Life with Gregorio * Postscript: Paul H. Gelles and Gabriela Martinez Escobar * Notes * Glossary * Bibliography * Index


Introduction: TSU-68 is an oral small-molecule inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor &bgr;, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. An open-label, single-arm, phase I study was performed to evaluate escalating doses of TSU-68 in combination with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Eligible patients received TSU-68 at 200 or 400 mg twice daily and continuously in combination with carboplatin (area under the curve, 6 mg · min/mL) plus paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) on day 1 every 21 days. Results: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled at the two dose levels of TSU-68. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed with TSU-68 at the 200 mg twice a day dose level. At 400 mg twice a day, one of six patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity (anorexia of grade 3) during the first cycle. The 400 mg twice a day dose level was determined to be the recommended dose, and a total of 34 patients were treated at this dose. Overall, adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, with the most frequently observed such events being myelosuppression, neuropathy, and gastrointestinal disorders. No drug-related bleeding was observed. The objective response rate was 39.4% (95% confidence interval, 22.9–57.9%), and median progression-free survival was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval, 3.6–7.2 months). Coadministration of TSU-68, carboplatin, and paclitaxel had no substantial impact on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs. Conclusions: TSU-68 can be safely combined with standard doses of carboplatin-paclitaxel, with the combination manifesting promising antitumor activity.


The thermal convection of a plasma in porous medium is investigated in the presence of finite Larmor radius (FLR) and Hall effects. Following linear stability theory and normal mode analysis method, the dispersion relation is obtained. It is found that the presence of a magnetic field (and hence the presence of FLR and Hall effects) introduces oscillatory modes in the system which were, otherwise, non-existent in their absence. When the instability sets in as stationary convection, the FLR may have a stabilizing or destabilizing effect, but a completely stabilizing one for a certain wave-number range. Similarly, the Hall currents may have a stabilizing or destabilizing effect but a completely stabilizing one for the same wave-number range under certain condition, whereas the medium permeability always has a destabilizing effect for stationary convection. Also it is found that the system is stable for 𝑔𝛼𝜅 𝜈𝛽 ≤ 27𝜋 4 4 and under the condition 𝑔𝛼𝜅 𝜈𝛽 > 27𝜋 4 4 , the system becomes unstable.


Friction properties such as angle of repose, coefficient and angle of internal friction, and coefficient of friction
on material surfaces of two African yam bean accessions (TSs 137 and TSs 138) at moisture content levels of 4, 8, 12 and 16%
wet basis (w.b.) were determined for use in the design of planting, processing, handling, and storage equipment. For this study,
2 U 4 factorial in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and Split Plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were
employed. The angle of repose was measured using the cylinder method. The coefficient of friction was measured by the force
required to slide a cell filled with African yam bean on the material surface. Coefficient and angle of internal friction were
determined by providing a grain bed instead of material surface. The angle of repose and coefficient and angle of internal
friction showed an increase with an increase in moisture content. The angle of repose increased from 17.47 to 26.07. for TSs
137 and 15.71 to 35.38. for TSs 138. The coefficient and angle of internal friction for the two accessions ranged from 0.59
to 0.78 and 30.41 to 38.11., respectively. The coefficient of friction on material surfaces ranged from 0.30 to 0.60 for all
accessions, material surfaces, and moisture contents. The effect of material surface on coefficient of friction and moisture
content on all friction properties was highly significant (p < 0.05). The two accessions were statistically different (p < 0.05)
with respect to angle of repose and not statistically different with respect to coefficient of friction on material surfaces and coefficient and angle of internal friction.


In this paper we propose that a tremor occurring over a thoracic myotomal region as representative of a motor manifestation of thoracic radicular injury. We term this process thoracic neuromuscular oscillation. It is characterized by synchronous firing of the unilateral oblique muscles at one or more adjacent thoracic myotomal distributions at a frequency of 8 to 10 Hz. Six cases of observed regular continuous abdominal wall muscular tremor occurring after traumatic thoracic spine pathology are presented. These cases were drawn retrospectively from patient files obtained over 20 years. We refer to this tremor, measured to be 8–10 Hz, as thoracic neuromuscular oscillation. The neuromuscular oscillation was influenced by mechanical forces, specifically spine loading in either a bending or compressive mode. In some cases, cervical position modulated the tremor. Other examples of thoracic spine pathology that occurred comorbid to thoracic neuromuscular oscillation are noted.


The natural high productivity of temperate coastal waters in Korea can be used in advantage to reduce the feed costs for the cage-cultured marine carnivorous fish species. By using the night-lights methods an alternative of supplementary feeding strategy can be offered to the cage farmers and maintain sound environmental conditions that could enhance maximum sustainable yields. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of night-lights which shown positive results on feeding and growth in sea cage cultured rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. The study showed that for the water around overhead illuminated sea cage, higher zooplankton density was observed at night than during the daytime. Increased amounts of for-age, evidenced by stomach content analyses were observed in the early evening, but decreased amounts were observed in the morning and afternoon. That is, feeding activities of the fish were most intensive from midnight to dawn. In a three month feeding experiment, the results showed that night-lighted groups were superior to groups with the highest feeding efficient. This study suggested that the evidence that night-lights superimposed on only day-lights enhance growth of rockfish in sea cages during summer and winter, with timing of exposure affecting growth of juvenile fish. The capability to control the feeding behavior of marine life via manipulation and external stimuli could considerably benefit the advancement of sea cage aquaculture in coastal areas.


The Poisson–Boltzmann equation governing the electrostatic potential distribution for a charged surface immersed in an electrolyte solution is discussed. The conventional analysis on a constant potential/charge density problem is extended to a mixed boundary condition problem in which a linear combination of potential and its derivative is specified at the charged surface. We show that the difficulty of solving this type of problem can be circumvented by adopting a finite dimension, least square approximation method coupled by a random selection algorithm. The solution procedure provides an efficient and accurate way for the estimation of the unknown coefficients in the general solution of a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation. It is essentially independent of the geometry of a charged surface and the type of boundary condition specified, as long as the general solution can be expressed as a linear combination of harmonic functions.


Psychogeography has been applied to music in relation to the way in which music can express both a 'spirit of place' and a topographical dimension in which musical forms, idioms and modes of expression mirror features of landscape and cityscape. This article explores analogous geomorphic aspects of Icelandic and New Zealand music, both emphasizing the two countries' similar geographical features and the ways in which music has reflected them, as well as examining geopolitical affinities between the two countries.


Carefully tailored Fe/Cr epitaxial superlattices with extremely thin Fe layers have been grown on MgO(100) by molecular beam epitaxy. The low‐angle x‐ray spectra reveal the presence of sharp interfaces down to an Fe layer thickness of a few monolayers. An [Fe(4.5 A)/Cr(12 A)]50 superlattice shows a 220% magnetoresistance at 1.5 K, and a saturation field of 110 kOe. A further decrease of the Fe layer thickness produces a drastic decrease in the magnetoresistance.


Virulence of Beauveria bassiana CQBb111 strain at different concentration to the adults of Diaphorina citri and the female adults of Neoseiulus cucumeirs was evaluated in the laboratory.The corrected accumulative mortality caused by suspension liquid of 1.0⊙104 conidiamL-1 against D.citri and N.cucumeir were 92.68% and 4.05%,respectively,10 d after treatment.LC50 against D.citri and N.cucumeir were 2.24⊙109 and 5.4⊙1012 conidiamL-1,respectively,at the 3rd d after treatment.At the same treatment time,concentration that caused 50% death of D.citri was only slightly virulent to N.cucumeir.LT50 against D.citri was 2.88 d at the concentration of 1.0⊙108 conidiamL-1,but the corrected accumulative mortality of N.cucumeir was only 10.7% at 2.88 d.LT50 against D.citri was much smaller than that against N.cucumeir at the same concentration of CQBb111 strain.The strain can achieve good control of adults of D.citri while exert slightly negative influence on female adults of N.cucumeir and it can be used in combination with N.cucumeir to control D.citri and huanglongbing vectored by D.citri.


The aerodynamic drag is the dominant resistant effect for a biker cycling at high speed (e.g. at about 50 km/h the drag of a time trial biker is in the order of 90% of total resistant [1, 2], the rolling resistance being about 10%). Thus, specially for time trial competition, the drag reduction is a quite important goal to improve the chance of success. Wind tunnel testing can provide an accurated determination of test conditions and a large amount of recorded data that permit to look for the best biker position as well as for the best equipment. The biker drag is quite dominant respect to the bicycle drag [1], thus the biker position is the most important point in the cycling aerodynamics (nevertheless also bike and accessories can have non-negligible effects [3]). In the past same extreme aero-position have been proposed, namely the most important are "O'Bree's position" and "superman position" [4] characterized, respectively, by the forearms curled up below the chest (O'Bree) and by the forearms completely stretched forward (superman) as can be seen in the sketches of Fig. 1. Both this positions have been banned by the international federation (UCI) and thus the best biker position has to found in the limits of the constraints imposed by the roles [5]. The position that normally time trial competitors assume now a day (complying the UCI roles) is called "time-trial position". This position looks to be the same for all the time-trial bikers but, nevertheless, also small differences in the position can produce valuable differences in the drag. A series of systematic tests have been carried out in the large wind tunnel of Politecnico di Milano (GVPM) with the aim to investigate the effects of different biker positions. The tests were carried out with rather traditional equipment in order to focalize the attention on biker position.


The problem of robust H∞ model reduction for uncertain stochastic systems with time-delay is considered in this paper. For a given stable system, we focus on the construction of reduced-order models which guarantee the corresponding error system to be asymptotically stable and have a prescribed H∞ performance. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of solutions to time-delay dependent problems in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and a coupling nonconvex rank constraint condition. In addition, the development of reduced-order model with special structures, such as zeroth-order model, delay-free model, no parameter uncertainties model, are also studied. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model reduction method is illustrated by a numerical example.


A Cummins NTC 400, 400 hp 2100 revs/min diesel, was run with a Canadian Tar Sands derived fuel. This experimental fuel has a higher total aromatic content (40%) and lower Cetane number (35 Cn) than contemporary North American fuels, which call for a minimum 40 Cn. Steady-state testing was used for comparing the engine performance, including emissions levels, when using the Test Fuel and a reference fuel.


As a narrow bandgap semiconductor, the preparation of surface passivation layers on HgCdTe film epilayers is essential in the process of device fabrication. Most new infrared detectors use the mesa structure. A stable and reproducible passivation technology which meets the surface uniform cover of the high aspect ratio mesa is particularly important. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a new type of accurate surface thin film preparation technique, which has several characteristics such as depositing large-area uniform films, making the film thickness control at nanometer level feasible, and lower deposition temperature. ALD-ZnS film is prepared on the HgCdTe IRFPAs chip at 65°. I-V and R-V curves are similar to that of IRFPAs with CdTe thermal passivation. This shows that ALD ZnS film has a good potential application in the passivation of high aspect ratio mesa-array HgCdTe devices.


o-Xylene, phenol and toluene were nitrated with 100% nitric acid on MoO3/SiO2, WO3/SiO2, TiO2/SiO2, and TiO2–WO3/SiO2 systems. Phenol and toluene were nitrated with yields higher than 90%, and the 10% and 15% MoO3/SiO2 catalysts were most active in the nitration of o-xylene. The most active catalysts exhibited the para-position selectivity of nitration.


BNF codes for diabetes treatment products. This file supports a publication titled "The relationship between partner bereavement and the first diagnosis of dementia".


In Reply: I thank Bin Wang's group for their thoughtful comments on false positives/negatives in our paper that differ from general definitions. In order to compare our results with previously reported ones by Kose et al., we used the same definitions of false positives/negatives as used in Kose's paper: Positive was defined if results of visual inspection or autofluorescence were pathologically correct irrespective of their pathologies (PG or non-PG), whereas negative was defined if results of visual inspections or autofluorescence were different from those of pathologies. If we follow the general definitions of false positives and negatives, they were 15% (6/40) and 0% (0/35) by the surgeon's visual inspection, 12.5% (5/40) and /2.9% (1/35) by the Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging, respectively, as Bin Wang's group mentioned. TAKESHI TAKAHASHI, MD KEISUKE YAMAZAKI, MD HISAYUKI OTA, MD RYUSUKE SHODO, MD YUSHI UEKI, MD ARATA HORII, MD Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan


In today`s manufacturing environment, systems and equipment are being asked to perform at levels not thought possible a decade ago. The intent is to push process operations, product quality, and equipment reliability, availability, and maintainability to unprecedented levels while maintaining budgetary structures consistent with cost reduction initiatives. In light of this, there is a demand to reduce operational and support costs and eliminate or minimize any new capital investments in plant equipment while increasing process efficiency and revenues. In short, manufacturers are trying to invoke new measures to ensure plant performance while minimizing costs and extending operational life of new and/or aging equipment. The only way this can be accomplished is by developing new and innovating approaches in condition-based maintenance. To achieve this while adhering to strict economic constraints requires the development of new sensors, systems, and methods for interrogating, diagnosing, and controlling systems. The old adage, business as usual, will not suffice in this new way of thinking. What will be required is an investment strategy that mitigates R and D risks by developing economic indicators (operational and costs) that qualify the ability of a proposed technology to meet the functional and operational needs of a process. The strategy must, therefore, internalize a methodology and approach that provides control points in the development and implementation cycle. An integral part of this is an economic model that provides a break-even analysis and sensor and system performance assessment based on the concentration of losses and the ability of a proposed sensor to meet systematic needs. This model then becomes a tool for strategizing continued research and development (R and D) for any proposed technology.


Introduction: Mars is a red planet with basaltic crust rich in iron element. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a quick element analysis technique which has been used by Curiosity rover in Mars exploration. LIBS spectra of iron have abundant peaks (mainly at 240~340 nm, 380~480 nm and 490~570 nm). How to better utilize those abundant peaks for precise quantitative analysis of iron is a key question for LIBS application in Mars exploration. Root-mean-square error (RMSE) value of FeOT in old PLS1 and ICA model is larger than other major element except SiO2 [1]. Prediction error of iron decreased when FeOT was predicted by the model which choose different latent variables at various range (wt.%) of iron (PLS1-SM) [2], which suggest the significance of input data for the quantitative model of iron. David et al. [3] cautiously processed input data of their calibration model of iron based on the correction coefficient between spectra and abundance of iron. However, the relationship between iron and intensity of each channel may be complex due to element substitution and paragenetic association. With the purpose of better quantitative analysis of iron, we investigated LIBS peaks overlay between iron and other major elements, feature selection of iron, and compared the results of different quantitative iron models for basaltic samples. Methods: There are three penalized shrunken regression methods (ridge regression, lasso regression and elastic net) [4], all of which aim to decrease the size of channels for LIBS spectra. The penalty of ridge regression is L2 penalty, of lasso regression is L1 penalty and of elastic net is combination of L1 and L2 penalty (a*L1+b*L2). Briefly, L1 is the sum of absolute values of coefficients and L2 is the sum of squared coefficients. The amount of penalization for those three regularization techniques were calculated by 5-fold cross validation; L1_ratio (a/(a+b)) in elastic net is a default number (0.5). PLS1-SM also was used to analyze iron in basalt in addition to three penalized shrunken regression models. LIBS spectra of 21 basalts or standards mixed basalts were selected from ChemCam 408 standards [1]. Results and discussions: Analyses of peak overlay between iron and other major elements indicate that there are a large number of overlapping iron peaks. Iron lines strongly overlap with Ti and Al. The number of iron lines is 54 (39) when interval of peak center between Fe and Ti (Al) less than 0.1 nm, and the number of overlapped iron lines is 108 (for Ti) and 48 (for Al) when the threshold of interval of peak center is 0.2 nm. Effect of peak overlay affect the accuracy of quantitative analyses iron. Feature selection could help to diminish the effect of peak overlay by choose unoverlapped lines. The key function of feature selection is the removal of redundant and irrelevant features; redundant features are strongly correlated with each other. We selected the 17 highest scoring channels of basalt using SelectKBest in order to check the redundancy of channels after feature selection. Those channels could be classified into six peaks (302.1, 299.5, 259.9, 748, 311.1 and 248.4 nm). LIBS spectral features were selected by lasso and elastic net (Fig. 1). Features number of elastic net is larger than lasso due to the difference of both penalties. Though the number and intensity of the coefficients for both models are diverse, there are some features at same wavelength. For example, features selected by both models all have a negative coefficient at 334.9 nm and a positive coefficient at 259.9 nm which is one of the highest scoring channels for iron in basalt. Feature at 259.9 nm is a peak of Fe II and that at 334.9 nm is a peak of Ti II. Peaks at 259.9 and 334.9 nm are not disturbed by peaks of other elements even Mg have peaks (258.6 and 260.7 nm) around 259.9 nm. Area of peak 259.9 nm has a positive relation with Fe (wt.%) in basalt and the data were best fit with a second-order polynomial. Area of peak at 334.9 nm negatively correlated with Fe (wt.%) in basalt.


Based on the study of the relationship between tourism market development and culture communication, the essay analyzes the culture communication during the developing stages of the Three Gorges tourism and the development of the Three Gorges tourism market. Therefore, the essay finds the way of widening the Three Gorges tourism market to promote the continuous and healthy development of the Three Gorges tourism industry.


These conference proceedings contain 100 papers which summarize recent developments and research in the fields of sources, spectroscopy, materials, plasma diagnostics, high TC superconductors, mixers and detectors, atmospheric effects, and measurements and techniques in radio astronomy


Adsorption behavior of Cd(II) onto Tripoli was studied at 0, 20, 30 and 40 °C at pH in the range of 5-6. Thermodynamic equilibrium constant values at infinite dilution, K°, were obtained from the intercept of lnK against ionic strength (I) plots by extrapolation of the line obtained to zero ionic strength. The thermodynamic parameters AH° and AS° of adsorption were calculated from the intercept and the slope of the plot of lnK° against 1/T, respectively. These values were used to calculate the values of the free energy (AG°) at different temperatures. The adsorption isotherm was found to fit Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity was found to increase with the decrease in temperature. Flam atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to measure the equilibrium concentrations of cadmium ion.


ABSTRACT Contemporary international hub-airports are undergoing major changes. New business models, the individualisation of air travel, the increased societal focus on climate change, new flying technologies and the increased use of information technology, together with geopolitical changes, create the future context for international airport development. In a conversation between mobility researcher Claus Lassen and Thomas Woldbye, CEO of Copenhagen Airport – Scandinavia's largest hub airport, with more than 30 million annual   air travellers – the importance of such changes is addressed. Having been CEO since 2011, Woldbye has great insight into the challenges associated with operating large mobility- and infrastructure-based organisations such as airports during troubled times. In addition, he is a board member of ACI Europe and has 27 years of experience from A.P. Moller-Maersk, especially management of A. P. Moller's worldwide container business, Maersk Line. This interview is in three parts. First, in the conservation we attempt to identify what specifically characterises the airport as a mobility-driven organisation. Second, we more closely examine the historical development of airports and the chancing societal role of airports. Third, the conversation examines how the "future" is handled at Copenhagen Airport and elaborates on the particular future challenges faced by the airport.


Currently, four USEPA digestion techniques are available for sample preparation. These include method 3050 (hot-plate; HNO3-HCl), method 3051 (microwave; HNO3), method 3051A (microwave; HNO3-HCl) and method 3052 (microwave; HNO3-HCl-HF) (Chen and Ma, 1998). Among the four methods, only method 3052 involves a total decomposition technique; however, the other three methods (also known as total recoverable method) have become common for sample preparation for metal analyses (Chen and Ma, 1998; Sawhney and Stilwell, 1994). For trace elemental analysis like this study, the sample preparation technique is very critical. And to gain both optimized concentration of all dissolved metals and instrument detection limits, the USEPA method 3052 sample preparation technique was adopted for this study.


People are continuously on the move in their daily lives for various purposes ranging from trips to work, to leisure facilities, or trips being recreational by intention. Finding an optimal route for each trip and purpose which corresponds to their preferences is often difficult. People frequently consult route planning services which offer them to choose between the calculation of the fastest or most direct route, and sometimes even the most scenic route. As soon as several transportation modes are involved, the range of routing planners taking into account multiple modes of transportation is either strictly limited or no such service at all is available.
 In this position paper we outline a proposal for making mobility in urban areas healthier. The healthification of urban mobility will be supported by a health-atlas platform. The core of this platform will be a routing service that incorporates all available and possible modes of transportation, and proposes to its users the healthiest path between an origin and a destination. Determining such route will take into account individual preferences and personal mobility restrictions; it will also be based on the involved level of physical activity and exposure to polluted air along the route which often varies for different modes of transportation. Information about air pollution will not only be obtained from official measuring stations but also by the users themselves, through geo-referenced air quality measurements with their mobile devices. These data will then be made available through the health-atlas in a crowd-sensing manner and thus provides a real-time air pollution snapshot.


The decision to electrify requires the evaluation of many technical and financial factors. One of these is inductive interference. There are three major aspects to inductive interference, which must be fully integrated with any electrification plans: safety to personnel, damage to equipment and incorrect data transmission. This paper treats the problem of inductive interference under the headings: Electrostatic and electromagnetic induction; voltage limitations and industry guidelines; power supply systems; shielding; protection devices; application of inductive coordination.


Exhibition industry is important business domains to many countries. Not only lots of countries designated the exhibition industry as tools to stimulate national economics, but also many companies offer millions of service or products to customers. Recommender systems can help visitors navigate through large information spaces of various booths. However, no study before has proposed a methodology for identifying and acquiring prospective visitors although it is important to acquire them. Accordingly, we propose a methodology for identifying, acquiring prospective visitors, and recommending the adequate booth information to their preferences in the exhibition industry. We assume that a visitor will be interested in an exhibition within same class of exhibition taxonomy as exhibition which the visitor already saw. Moreover, we use user-based collaborative filtering in order to recommend personalized booths before exhibition. A prototype recommender system is implemented to evaluate the proposed methodology. Our experiments show that the proposed methodology is better than the item-based CF and have an effect on the choice of exhibition or exhibit booth through automation of word-of-mouth communication.


Based on the introduction to composing background of Piano Sonata No.8 in bB major,which is one of the War Sonatas composed by Prokofiev.Aiming at giving guidance to performance,the writer makes a preliminary analysis to the second movement,such as musical form,texture,harmony,polyphony and so on,and puts forward some advice on performance.The writer also explores and generalizes musical style of lyricism and nationality,so that it will be helpful for performer to understand and master the music further and exactly.


The smooth development of large parts of mathematics hinges on the idea that some sets are `small' or `negligible' and can therefore be ignored for a given purpose. The perhaps most famous smallness notion, namely `measure zero', originated with Lebesgue, while a second smallness notion, namely `meagre' or `first category', originated with Baire around the same time. The associated Baire category theorem is a central result governing the properties of meagre (and related) sets, while the same holds for Tao's pigeonhole principle for measure spaes and measure zero sets. In this paper, we study these theorems in Kohlenbach's higher-order Reverse Mathematics, identifying a considerable number of equivalent theorems. The latter involve most basic properties of semi-continuous and pointwise discontinuous functions, Blumberg's theorem, Riemann integration, and Volterra's early work circa 1881. All the aforementioned theorems fall (far) outside of the Big Five of Reverse Mathematics, and we investigate natural restrictions like Baire 1 and quasi-continuity that make these theorems provable again in the Big Five (or similar). Finally, despite the fundamental differences between measure and category, the proofs of our equivalences turn out to be similar.


The invention provides a semiconductor optical device which is capable of ensuring internal space of a cover as much as possible and realizing high positioning precision. The semiconductor optical device includes a stem; a semiconductor optical element mounted on the stem; a resin cover including a cylindrical body portion, a plate portion, and an edge portion; and a lens attached integrally to the plate portion of the cover. The edge portion of the cover is bonded to the stem so that the cover covers the semiconductor optical element. The cylindrical body portion of the cover has at least one first portion and second portions which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body portion and which project inwardly relative to the at least one first portion. The stem has projections which are abutted against the surface of the cover, and the projections are arranged at positions overlapping with the plurality of the second portions.


We describe a Grid‐based collaboratory that supports the collaborative development and use of advanced simulation codes. Our implementation of this collaboratory uses a mix of Web technologies (for thin‐client access) and Grid services (for secure remote access to, and management of, distributed resources). Our collaboratory enables researchers in geographically disperse locations to share and access compute, storage, and code resources, without regard to institutional boundaries. Specialized services support community code development, via specialized Grid services, such as online code repositories. We use this framework to construct the Astrophysics Simulation Collaboratory, a domain‐specific collaboratory for the astrophysics simulation community. This Grid‐based collaboratory enables researchers in the field of numerical relativity to study astrophysical phenomena by using the Cactus computational toolkit. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


when an ilioinguinal nerve block is performed for orchidopexy. Postoperatively, however, following discharge, all 10 children remained completely pain free at home and required no further analgesia. This may indicate that TAP block provided analgesia of long duration but slow onset. Further investigation is warranted. M A R I A N N E F I T Z G E R A L D J A C I N T A M C G I N L E Y Department of Anaesthesia Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Ireland (email: email@example.com)


Estimator bank-based direction finding techniques makeuse ofanumber ofparallel randomly weighted MUSICdirectionof-arrival (DOA)estimates andobtain thefinal estimate by keeping onlythe"successful" candidates whilesorting out theoutlying estimates. Inthis paper, wedevelop apowerfulapproach todetect theoutliers intheestimator bank-based direction finders using thelikelihood ratio quality assessment. Computer simulations showsubstantial improvements ofthe proposed approach ascompared totheearlier techniques used tosort outtheoutliers intheestimator bank-based direction finding methods. IndexTerms-Arraysignal processing, direction finding, estimator banks


The harmonic generation due to the nonlinear behavior of UltrasoundContrast Agents (UCAs) must be exploited for improved efficiency when imaging vascular targets in the neighborhood of highly echogenic tissue. One may even further improve the efficiency by focusing on the subharmonic generation of the UCAs, which is an even more exclusive property than the generation of higher harmonics, for improved Contrast-to-Tissue ratio (CTR). The aim of this work was first, the design of a set-up for nonlinear imaging of Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) based UCAs on The Verasonics Research System with special focus on nondestructive Subharmonic Imaging. The second part of the work addressed the evaluation of the subharmonic response provided by the agents in the developed setup. Six different imaging techniques were developed. These were Fundamental B-mode imaging (FB), Pulse Inversion imaging (PI), and a Contrast Pulse Sequence based on three pulses (CPS3), with and without a focus on the subharmonic component by the implementation of a Linear Bandpass Filter (LBF). Experiments were performed on a tissue mimicking flow phantom and the performance of the agents for each technique was determined in terms of CTR and CNR. The PVA agents provided a backscattering enhancement of the order of 23 dB through FB imaging. However, the performance of the FB technique was unsatisfactory in terms of CTR. The CPS3 sequence performed best of the six techniques with an improvement of 14 dB and 13 dB in CTR and CNR, respectively, compared with the FB technique. Combining the LBF around the subharmonic component with the multi-pulse techniques of PI and CPS3 resulted in a degraded CTR performance due to significant amount of signals from tissue around the subharmonic component and insufficient subharmonic detection from the PVA agents.


Traditional test case generation methods usually consider coverage criteria like statement or path coverage and ignore security characteristics. The result is that a test case may fail to find vulnerabilities even if it covers the vulnerable statements. However, we argue that existing test cases are still of great value because significant human effort and time have been invested to achieve high coverage criteria. A high coverage indicates a high possibility that vulnerable statements occur in the execution traces of these test cases. Thus existing test cases could guide us to those vulnerable statements. Under this intuition, we present a method of security testing by re-examining existing test cases. The basic idea is to discover two types of constraints in a program: program constraints (PC) and security constraints (SC). The former are the constraints imposed by program statements. For example, an assignment statement i=0 constrains the value of i to be 0. The later are the constraints derived from security concerns. For example, a buffer should never be overflowed. Intuitively, a statement is vulnerable if it can make PCrarrSC be false, which means the program constraints are not strict enough to ensure the security constraints. We design and develop a tool named RETAST to demonstrate our idea and the initial result is promising.


The Monte Carlo methods used in criticality studies have the important property that they are stochastically correct (i.e., the properties of the aggregate of neutron probes considered converge in probability to the appropriate true physical quantities provided that the input nuclear constants are correct) and are not dependent on methods of group approximation. The methods are also practical and detailed machine codes for solving problems by this method are discussed. Illustrations are given of the calculation of critical dimensions, respectively, of a reflected infinite slab, an unreflected infinite cylinder, a reflected infinite cylinder, and a water-reflected fissile metal core. (N.W.R.)


This is a report of cases of tibia vara in infants whom we have treated with an original method of closed osteotomy.Subjects: Infants with tibia vara exceeding 20° whose parents were genetically predisposed to tibia vara. Treatment was limited to children whose parents requested the operation. Method: The area of the medial side of the tibia with the most extreme varus is chosen for osteotomy. After drilling the cortex with a K-wire, valgus osteotomy is conducted manually to induce a form of greenstick injury. A slight external rotation is added. The leg is fixed with a long-leg plaster cast which is removed after 4 to 6 weeks, about the time when callus formation has occurred.Results: Tibia vara that had an average pre-operative angle of 19.5° were reduced to -1.6° immediately after the operation and are presently an average of 0.7°, excluding those who were operated on less than one year ago. The femurotibial angle, which averaged 192.4° preoperatively, was corrected to 169.9° immediately after the operation and is presently 170.7°This method does not leave scars on skin, facilitates rapid bone union, presents minimal side-effects and can be conducted easily at any time and place. This is a safe and sure method of treatment that we would recommend all orthopedic surgeons to attempt as soon as possible.


By altering the thermodynamic landscape, metathesis enables the rapid and selective synthesis of MgCr2S4 thiospinel, a compelling Mg-cathode material that is laborious to make via traditional ceramic synthesis routes.


Abstract Pasture silage making practices on 89 factory supply dairy farms in the Central Waikato were surveyed. Average farm size was 61.7 ha of which 59.7 ha was effectively farmed with a stocking rate of 2.50 cows per ha. On average silage was made from 8.7 ha pasture (15% of the effective area) yielding 23 t fresh matter per ha (4.3 t dry matter (DM)), i.e., 0.25 t DM per cow. Silage was normally made about the second week of November from paddocks closed for 7–8 weeks and was precut for wilting on 78% of farms. Farmers were generally unaware why or how and to what DM content silage should be wilted. Although plastic sheeting was used to cover 60% of stacks, only 17% were covered immediately and only 26% were judged to be adequately airtight. Silage was usually made with the intention of feeding out during drought. Machinery used to make silage, method of ensiling, and method of feeding out are described. The timing of feeding out silage and the use of a crop in association with silage making are discu...


The Internet has already entered the cloud computing era, the Internet privacy information, have been imminent. Howhow how to draw lessons from other legislation legislation, legislation, should consider what problem, this paper will further personal information protection legislation in the field of Internet, hoping to provide help to the relevant legislation of unit.


A micro soap bubble generator for tracers for PIV measurement was developed using a home stereolithography 3D printer. The nozzle has a coaxial triple pipe structure, and an orifice cap is attached to the nozzle head. The inner diameter of the central pipe is 0.7 mm, and the wall thickness of the central pipe is 0.7 mm. From the comparison of the smoke wire visualization result of the flow around the cylinder placed under the mainstream flow velocity of 3 m/s and the PIV measurement result, it was confirmed that the generated micro soap bubbles have good followability to the flow. Generated bubbles' particle size was estimated to be Φ0.2 mm at the minimum and Φ6.3 mm at the maximum. The most common was Φ0.9 mm ± 0.1 mm, accounting for more than 50% of the total.


The factors affecting generate threshold current, Ig, (the minimum current required to reliably nucleate a bubble under a hairpin generator) are reviewed. Ig data are presented for bubble memory devices fabricated using garnet (1) epitaxial films with nominal bubble sizes of 5.3 and 3.8 microns. Where multiple slice epitaxy employing large vertical stacks (up to 16 singly spaced slices/stack) is used, it is found that Ig measured on an aluminum generator without overlying Permalloy elements or passivation is shown to depend on position in the epitaxy stack, decreasing by as much as 4 mA (1%) per slice position with increasing depth of slices in the melt. In contrast, slices ion milled to remove a 0.4 micron thick surface layer show no dependence of Ig on stack position. Removal of the surface layer has the additional effect of significantly decreasing the variation of Ig across a slice by up to 67%. These observations are interpreted in terms of the existence of a low anisotropy surface layer approximately 0.2–0.5 microns thick grown as slices are slowly withdrawn from the epi melt without rotation. The properties of this layer are discussed. In particular, the layer is shown to have a lower anisotropy than the bulk film, and it is estimated that the growth rate appropriate to the surface layer is approximately 20% of the value for normal film growth (0.4–1.0 microns/min). Finally the dependence of Ig on subsequent front end processing is presented, and it is shown that the Ig value measured on an aluminum generator without overlying oxide and Permalloy is reduced by approximately 30% after subsequent oxide and Permalloy processing steps.


Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease that afflicts approximately 12 million of the world's population. Its causative agent is the parasitic protozoan Leishmania, a member of the Trypanosomatidea family. In contrast to other eukaryotes, members of the Trypanosomatidea family lack a complete heme biosynthetic pathway; therefore, they must acquire heme exogenously. The mechanism of heme scavenging may be accomplished through its coordination with glutathione (GSH) via membrane associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG), members of the glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily. It is known that Macaca fascicularis microsomal prostaglandin E synthase type 2 (mPGES‐2), a MAPEG GST, binds GSH. The enzyme‐glutathione complex then has the potential to form a coordination bond with heme. Previously, our laboratory reported the presence of a suspected GST in L. tarentolae (GST1). Here, we show that a second GST, GST2, also exists in Leishmania. Identification of GST2 was accomplished using genomic searches. PCR amplification of the homolog in L. tarentolae employed primers designed on the basis of the identified gene, LmjF26.1540. We are now expressing the recombinant protein to characterize its activity. Because Leishmania lack a complete heme biosynthetic pathway, the exploitation of its heme dependency is a key target for chemotherapeutic intervention.


"Our institute (NaMLab) has been doing research on ferroelectric hafnium oxide (HfO2) since this material's ferroelectric properties were discovered in 2007," Halid Mulaosmanovic, one of the researchers who carried out the study, told TechXplore. "An attractive electronic device that can be made using this material is a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET), which resembles conventional logic transistors, but has a ferroelectric layer in the gate stack."


Traduccion de "The Religious Development of Islam". En: Mohammedanism; lectures on its origin, its religious and political growth, and its present state, C. Snouck Hurgronje, New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons [1937] (pp. 54-85).


The settlement of criminal cases through bargained guilty pleas has been the focus of increasing research interest over the past few decades. Generally, a plea bargain is reached through an informal process of negotiation in which the prosecutor and the defense counsel reach an outof-court settlement. In such a settlement, the defendant admits guilt in return for some concession on the part of the prosecution (e.g., reducing the number and/or seriousness of the original criminal charges, or recommending a more lenient punishment than would otherwise be expected). From the prosecutor's viewpoint, plea bargaining results in speedy and certain conviction, especially when the evidence against the defendant is somewhat weak, thereby avoiding the possibility of acquittal in court, not to mention cost of the trial in terms of time and resources. From the judge's point of view, plea bargaining reduces the workload of the court. Research suggests that benefits such as these have led to increasing resort to plea bargaining. Indeed, in some jurisdictions, a vast majority of criminal defendants plead guilty after negotiation between the parties as a matter of course.'


The contemporary analysis of inflation dynamics is commonly based on the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC). In its original version, the curve represents the effect of domestic inflation drivers in the closed economy model. Actual inflation is determined by expected future inflation and the factors of the real economic activity, such as real marginal costs and the output gap as a deviation of the actual output from the potential. Despite growing interdependence among national economies, a number of recent research studies (Globan, Arčabić & Sorić, 2015; Hałka & Kotłowski, 2016; Abdih, Lin & Paret, 2018) clearly confirm the fact that inflation dynamics in developed and emerging economies are determined by domestic inflation drivers. A study of the European Central Bank indicates that global inflation drivers had a Original scientific paper UDC: 330.834:336.748.12 doi:10.5937/ekonhor2002089M


The present invention is a novel multiplex (multiplex) PCR methods, and raised for the multiplex PCR kits, and for using them to specific and fast identification of mycobacteria each species relates to a nucleotide in a target gene of two or more to be amplified a common base sequence at least one oligonucleotide having a nucleotide with a fixed primer and the oligonucleotide of two or more having a specific nucleotide sequence in a target gene to the oligonucleotide to a specific primer, in the fixed primer and specific primers one container at the same time by way multiplex PCR, comprising a step of amplifying the target gene in the two or more types of reaction; And multi of the present invention that the oligonucleotide primer having a specific base sequence to a fixed primer in common species of oligonucleotide to oligonucleotide primer, and mycobacteria specific primers each having a nucleotide sequence in mycobacteria from the multiplex PCR method using for flex-PCR kit, but only one PCR performed can be checked even for strains containing two or more species, so can be utilized effectively in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, for detecting the other non-mycobacteria (NTM) effective and could be used economically.


Nd doped TiO2 nanostructured thin films were prepared by sol-gel technique on quartz and Si substrates using TiCl 4 precursor. As-deposited amorphous films were annealed to form anatase phase in the thin films. The film grain size increased with annealing temperature. Above 800'C, rutile began to segregate and the grain size decreased slightly. The photodegradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) was studied. Doping TiO2 with Nd+ 3 reduced the photodegradation time. The difference in the ionic radii of Nd+ and Ti+ and the oxygen affinities of Nd and Ti were responsible for this effect. These differences help promote electron trapping, thereby increasing the lifetime of the holes which are responsible for the oxidation of 2-CP.


The need for performing freight displacements fitting both the just in time manufacturing technique and low environmental impacts led transportation researchers' interest to integrated transport chains. Intermodal networks are composed of nodes and links, and their competitiveness, with respect to the road transport, depends on the performances of each network component, and on the whole network organization. This work deals with integrated transportation terminals (i.e., the network nodes), and it presents an interport model, the guidelines of a model-based simulation tool, and a cost function which was purposely drawn to evaluate the terminal performances.


Image of the installation of the Will Rogers Statue on the campus of Texas Technological College in 1950. The negative is incorrectly labeled as 1951.


The present invention is, in a large-scale industrial production method, stabilizing proteins, peptides or mixtures thereof with pharmaceutically active, a formulation without protein, mixtures and polyalcohols hydrophilic polymer and a non-ionic detergent and comprising a mixture of sugar, about formulation. In some embodiments, the polyalcohol is not present.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sociodemographic factors, BMI, self-esteem, body image, and external factors including parents, peers, and mass media on dieting behavior. The data were collected from 360 high school students in Gyeongbuk region. The respondents who have performed diet in the past or present were classified into the diet group. The students of diet group and non-diet group were 238 and 122, respectively. Frequencies, Cronbach's α, t tests, and logistic regression analysis were carried out by SPSS Windows V.17.0. The results of this study were as follows. The diet group had higher level of BMI and concerns about diet than non-diet group. In addition, the diet group showed the more positive attitude about diet, and lower level of self-esteem and body image than the non-diet group. The diet group was more influenced by parents, peers, and mass media on body type than the non-diet group. Finally, according to the result of logistic regression analysis, BMI, attitude about diet, body Image, effect of peers on body type, and effect of mass media on body type were significant factors to determine dieting behavior. These results imply that mass media should inform adolescents of proper body image and knowledge about diet. In addition, education for regular exercise also needs for healthy diet.