Paintings are composed of several layers of various materials. These layers are exposed to outside influences in diverse degrees of intensity depending on their position within the complex structure of the painting. Each layer has its own characteristics which in a well designed paint film have the function of protecting each other from outside influences and their resulting reactions. Thus, the support protects the paint film from the effects of gravity and impact, the sizing protects the priming from the absorbing tendencies of the support, and the priming isolates the paint film from the roughness and color of support. The same analysis can be made starting from the varnish in its protection of the paint film from dirt and atmospheric influences, etc. All these layers are held together by acting adhesive components. Their action and reaction to outside influences is modified by fillers and pigments and other additives. Time and other outside influences change the characteristics of these layers and their effective interlayer adhesives so that they sometimes become unable to further withstand outside stress or stresses caused by divergent reactions of the different layers to outside stresses. The connection between or within the layers breaks, permitting delamination and cracks. The conservators' solution to this problem had been to introduce additional adhesive material into the painting either by local treatment of the affected parts or by impregnation of the whole painting (1, 2). When we see such a painting which has been treated some time ago (usually at a time now undeterminable) we notice deterioration. Is this deterioration due to the treatment, or does it simply show the effects of age? Is it partly caused by the adhesive or possibly by the heat at application? Similar questions can be asked about the cracks. If there existed some machine capable of making time run faster before our eyes so that we could see the effects of age on one part of a homogeneous paint film while keeping another for control, we might be able to answer some of these questions. Attempts in this direction have been made with artificially accelerated aging. However, the aging properties of paint films are so complicated that no satisfactory means of reproducing them


The development of IT has been enhancing socialization of education.Therefore,schools must adapt and renovate themselves to become more specialized. To achieve this,schools need to reform themselves in such aspects as reevaluating its function,making their personnel more professional.


Abstract A multiresolution method for analysing remotely sensed images is described, in which correlation filters, based on two-point differences, are applied over a range of scales with octave separation. When applied to typical Earth backgrounds viewed from space, the measured probability distributions of filter outputs exhibit strongly non-Gaussian statistics and satisfy scaling laws which allow a representation of the imagery in terms of fractal geometry. The method may be used as a basis for image, or image-region, characterization and, using the tails of the resulting normalised distributions, for the identification of those localized image features which are most unusual; that is, have lowest relative probability.


We describe a named entity tagging system that requires minimal linguistic knowledge and can be applied to more target languages without substantial changes. The system is based on the ideas of the Brill's tagger which makes it really simple. Using supervised machine learning, we construct a series of automatons (or transducers) in order to tag a given text. The final model is composed entirely of automatons and it requires a lineal time for tagging. It was tested with the Spanish data set provided in the CoNLL-$2002$ attaining an overall $F_{\beta = 1}$ measure of $60\%.$ Also, we present an algorithm for the construction of the final transducer used to encode all the learned contextual rules.


General 'These days in general practice it is no tnore a case of not tellmg Practitioner the patient what he has got and what you are going to prescribe for it. Today they expect to be told that they have got acute bronchitis, or that ttey have a peptic ulcer. They know that what they are getting is an antibiotic and that in itself has a won.derful ring to it, you see! The io^er the name of tlK antibiotic, the better it is! You see, the witchcraft has only changed direction, that's all. Certaiidy, today you write all your prescriptions out in a semi-legible hand so that the patient can see what he is getting if he wants to. You no longer try to disguise what you have put on the piece of paper so that he can't read i t But you stia keep your head and use a bit of your own personal m ^ C or you get nowhere at all. You are still, with the best of motives, acting on the patient's gullibility.'


The Total Transportation System (TTS), a computer-based planning system created by the Central Japan Railway Company in 1997, combines railway operational plans, scheduling, and required reports such as timetables for crew. This paper discusses, among its major topics, the original goals of the TTS, its Progress Managing System and Field System components, and likely future evolution and growth of the TTS concept in railway environments.


In this paper the theoretical analysis of a phased roller movement is made. A numerical method for calculating kinematic characteristics of the film and a numerical method for calculating eccentric radii of the rollers according to the required working angle of the movement are introduced. The results of the calculation and the shooting experiment of a prototype camera, containing such a movement, are introduced, too.


In the paper it was considered the problem of heat calculation of fire-tube boilers by the existing normative methods, which are used in the Boiler Designer program. The ways of the solution of these problems which allowed to develop the computer model of a hot-water fire-tube boiler and to use it in the design process are offered.


— Amount of data required to represent an image can be reduced by removing repetitive information which is known as compression of images. Today with the increase in the usage of computer, compression is very necessary. Because the space required for holding the uncompressed image outlays more. Fortunately, today image compression can be achieved by various methods. Although Video looks like ceaseless gesture, it is actually a series of halcyon images. The paper describes about the application of DWT methods for image and video compression. We also computed the PSNR and CR values after image reconstruction using IDWT algorithm.


Mixing fiction, history, psychoanalysis, and personal fantasy, Teresa, My Love turns a past world into a modern marvel, following Sylvia Leclercq, a French psychoanalyst, academic, and incurable insomniac, as she falls for the sixteenth-century Saint Teresa of Avila and becomes consumed with charting her life. Traveling to Spain, Leclercq, Julia Kristeva's alter ego, visits the sites and embodiments of the famous mystic and awakens to her own desire for faith, connection, and rebellion. One of Kristeva's most passionate and transporting works, [this hybrid work] interchanges biography, autobiography, analysis, dramatic dialogue, musical scores, and images of paintings and sculpture to engage the reader in Leclercq's—and Kristeva's—journey. Born in 1515, Teresa of Avila outwitted the Spanish Inquisition and was a key reformer of the Carmelite Order. Her experience of ecstasy, which she intimately described in her writings, released her from her body and led to a complete realization of her consciousness, a state Kristeva explores in relation to present-day political failures, religious fundamentalism, and cultural malaise. Incorporating notes from her own psychoanalytic practice, as well as literary and philosophical references, Kristeva builds a fascinating dual diagnosis of contemporary society and the individual psyche while sharing unprecedented insights into her own character.


Even at the level of individual chapters there is a murkiness of theme and exposition, and, though there are occasional anecdotes and issues of interest, the abiding impression is of an eclectic conglomeration of points and quotations from diverse, and unappraised, sources. The topic is indeed an ambitious one; all the more reason for having a rudder. But the absence of a subtitle, and of a conclusion, is symptomatic of the book's lack of clear orientation. Despite one or two disclaimers to the contrary, there is an underlying premise of staticity, of lack of process, so that quotations and anecdotes culled from widely different times and contexts are fitted unproblematically together. Concomitantly, there is an assumption of conformity to rules and stated norms at one point this leads Professor Chao into stating the unlikeliness of intimacy in the mother-son relationship creating strain in the family for the daughter-in-law (p. 55). Furthermore, there is a heavy functionalist bias, manifest, for example, in this statement: "In the range of relationships between various members of the family up to the clan as warp and of the relationships between various different functions of these members as woof, the society is woven with a functional, organic structure" (p. 132). Truly baffling is Professor Chao's complete inattention to anthropological (and other) analyses published in the last two decades. He writes at length on the nature of the family and its developmental cycle, but ignores the much better account given in Myron Cohen's seminal work (1976); he writes on the complexity of ancestor worship, but ignores Emily Ahern's perspicacious findings (1973). These are the most obvious of many citable, often glaring, omissions. The bibliography is 20 years out of date, and ignores much excellent anthropological research on Chinese kinship that would have helped to ameliorate the oversimplifications and misconjectures that are too frequent in the book; it might also have helped provide the rudder the book lacks. I find little to warrant Fortune's prefatory fanfare that "Chinese Kinship will be counted as a landmark in the development of the anthropological theory of kinship." It is, rather, an enigmatic anachronism.


: The performance of intelligent control Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inferences system (ANFIS) with Pollination based optimization (PBO) is presented for the speed and torque control of an induction motor using direct torque control in detail. Here a DTC method is being presented and analyzed. This technique consists of a neural network controller, pollination based optimization, a reference model, and an algorithm for changing the ANFIS weights altogether to limit the speed of the ac machine. A PBO-ANFIS gives better speed control, dynamic behaviour and superior characteristics of the three-phase ac motor with DTC. In this paper, the conventional controller technique is replaced by PBO-ANFIS controller. The proposed technique is compared with the conventional technique and from the comparative study it is seen that the rise time is reduced from 260ms to 1.266ms, settling time is reduced by 725ms to 12.76ms and transient time is reduced by 520ms to 10.99ms times and torque ripples are reduced by 6%.


Wearable technology is the icing on the cake of people's daily life with unparalleled convenience. The emerging of industrial wearables has brought the advantages of wearable technology to industries, which endows the industrial objects with sensing abilities. These advantages have also been well accepted by E-commerce distribution centers (ECDC) to facilitate their manual operations such as picking, sorting and consolidating. Aiming at accelerating fast deployment for industrial wearables, this paper proposes a lightweight framework for mobile middleware system called Mobile Gateway Operation System (MGOS). It is an overall middleware solution to bridge multiple heterogeneous industrial wearables with enterprise information systems (EISs). A hot universal plug and play (HUPnP) mechanism is designed to make industrial wearables easy-to-use and ensures the availability under the disturbed wearable environments. A prototype system is developed and demonstrated based on E-commerce consolidation scenarios in laboratory environment.


Prolonged ingestion of substances containing glycyrrhizinic acid, such as liquorice, is a well known cause of exogenously induced hypermineralocorticoidism. This is characterised by sodium retention, hypokalaemia, hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, and suppression of the renin-aldosterone system.1 We describe two cases showing that hypokalaemia induced by glycyrrhizinic acid should be considered in patients with hypertension or oedema even if they have not eaten sweets that obviously contain liquorice.

### Case 1

A 21 year old woman presented to her general practitioner with a headache. She ate about 100 g of liquorice daily. She used an oral contraceptive. On earlier occasions her blood pressure had been 110/70 mm Hg. Clinical examination was unremarkable except that her blood pressure was 190/120 mm Hg. She was advised to stop eating liquorice and taking the oral contraceptive. Despite these measures, her blood pressure remained raised even after treatment with a combination of atenolol, lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, and amlodipine.

She was referred to our outpatient clinic. Two weeks after the drug treatment had been discontinued her blood pressure was 180/110 mm Hg and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate were 143 mmol/1 (normal 136-146 mmol/1), 2.6 mmol/1 (3.8-5.0), and 35.9 mmol/1 (23-29), respectively. Plasma renin activity was 0.096 ng/(lxs) (normal 0.96-3.61), and plasma aldosterone concentration was 160 pmol/1 (normal …


The Calientes Geothermal Field is located in the Western Cordillera of the Andes in southern of Peru, in the Tacna Region at an altitude of 4400 m.a.s.l. inside of volcanic systems with presence of several tectonic structures. In Calientes we can distinguish two volcanic chains aligned of N-S, on the extreme west of the valley there is volcanic complex Yucamane-Calientes-Yucamane Chico, whereas to the extreme east there are volcanic centers aligned to NESW that have presented activity possibly does more than 4 Ma. The mean lithology is andesitic lava interlayered with some porphyritic lavas and sequences of pyroclastic flows. The Calientes Field is characterized for present a several quantity of geothermal manifestations as hot springs. In October 2007, we realized the study of thermal waters with geochemical methods for interpretation their chemical and isotopic characteristics. The thermal waters in Calientes have discharge temperatures in the range of 50°C to 87°C, near neutral pH of 6.90 to 8.34 and conductivity between 1160 to 5920 µS/cm. The geochemical interpretation of the results by means of the use of Langelier and Pipper diagrams shows that thermal waters are classified into the alkali-chloride waters field, rich in Na and Cl ions. The Cl-SO4-HCO3 triangular diagram shows that most of the geothermal waters are close to the chloride corner, typical of geothermal deep fluids. In binary diagram B-Cl we have noticed that waters of Calientes Field presents high concentration of B (Boron) and high relation in the proportion B/Cl, which might indicate that to deep levels the reaction of the water is producing with the sedimentary marine rocks. The δ18O vs δD diagram shows that thermal waters are product of mixing meteoric waters with magmatic fluids. The chemical geothermometry in liquid phase allowed us to estimate the temperature to depth of the geothermal resource in Calientes Field. According the results, the temperatures values estimated have a range from 240 oC to 280°C.


During the summers 1992 and 1993, 15 species of Clinocerinae (Empididae) were collected on Corsica. The illustrated descriptions of six new species are given: Roederiodes wagneri sp. n., Clinocera (Kowarzia) cataractae sp. n., Wiedemannia (Chamaedipsia) ariolae sp. n., Wiedemannia (Chamaedipsia) bravonae sp. n., Wiedemannia (Philolutra) kallistes sp. n. and
 Wiedemannia (Wiedemannia) martini sp. n.. Their systematic relations with other species are discussed. Informations is given about their geographic distribution and their habitats.


In order to the target tracking for main purpose,the distributed dividing layer fusion based on improved algorithm of the active-passive radar had been simulation researched.The emulational research had proved dividing layer fusion system of the active-passive radar which is based on the fixed index weighted fuzzy adaptive EKF algorithm is able to improve the accuracy of the target tracking observably,and the stability is very well.It is identified that the tracking performance of dividing layer fusion approach with active/passive radar which are based on the modified EKF is better than that of weighted average fusion approach observably.


Water sorption properties of tomato powder at intermediate moisture range (0.11 to 0.88 Aw) was characterized and its storage stability evaluated at 40EC by following changes in carotenoid contents, browning and pH. The sorption isotherm produced was of the sigmoid shape with safe moisture level of 12 percent which confirmed to 0.67Aw. The rate of carotenoid breakdown decreased from 7.6 x1 0G 2 to 0.48 x10G mg/g per hr with the increase in water activity from 0.51 to 0.67 Aw and then it intensified sharply on further rise in water activity. Whereas, the rate for browning and pH increased continuously with gain in water activity. Since appearance of dense brown colour is more deterrent to quality of the product, the stock required for prolonged storage at 40EC may be maintained at a compromised lower water activity levels close to 0.67 Aw so as to retain the desired quality characteristics of the product at an acceptable levels.


The prime objective of this paper is to propose a new conceptual framework for how integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resources management (HRM) can impact on stakeholders' health and wellbeing. The proposed framework argues that integrative socially responsible HRM (SR-HRM) policies coupled with public health literacy and integrative responsible leadership can play a significant role in shaping health behaviour change of internal stakeholders, which in turn can spill over to external stakeholders (family and proximate communities).
From a health promotion and population health perspective, we see human resources (HR) as a leading partner in educating employees on the value of CSR and public health literacy programmes, and also as providing action plans on how to strategically and successfully implement these types of programmes. By helping to develop action plans to analyse CRS and public health literacy activities, HR professionals will be promoting both corporate citizenship and health behaviour change. Both of these are vital for developing a culture of social responsibility (and achieving the triple bottom line (TBL)) and sustainable population health promotion. Henceforth, SR-HRM policies and practices could help business organizations to contribute to the achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and specifically Goals 3 and 8. This novel framework, which is especially pertinent to public health, has not yet been tested empirically. Hence, future studies are warranted to empirically test the theoretical framework using field data collection.


Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. The Terms and Conditions of Political Life. Religion and Postsecular Politics. Theological Politics and the Ecclesial-Turn. Summary of Aims and Methodology. 1. Faith-Based Organizations and the Emerging Shape of Church-State Relations. Introduction. "Working Together": The Shaping of Relations between the State and Religious Groups in a Multi-Faith Society. Social Cohesion, Social Capital, and the "Salvation" of Civil Society. Liberalism and the Continuing Requirements of Public Reason. Theological Politics and the Question of What Constitutes Faithful Witness. Ecclesiology and the Political Mission of the Church. Summary. 2. Local: Augustine, Alinsky, and the Politics of the Common Good. Introduction. The Alinsky Approach: The Work of Broad-Based Community Organizing. Eschatology, Politics, and the Mutual Ground of the Saeculum. Christian Realism Redivivus ? A Thomistic Democratic Politics? Reweaving Civil Society. Politics without Piety Is Pitiless Piety without Politics Is Pitiful. Summary. 3. National: Christian Cosmopolitanism, Refugees, and the Politics of Proximity. Introduction. Theological Politics and the Liberal Democratic Response to Refugees. Refugees as Bare Life. Bare Life and the Limits of Humanitarianism. Hallowing Bare Life: A Doxological Response. Hallowed Be Thy Name. Sanctuary: The Practice of Hallowing Bare Life. Summary. 4. Global: Consumerism, Fair Trade, and the Politics of Ordinary Time. Introduction. Defining Political Consumerism. Consumerism and the Formation of Desire. Political Consumerism as Apprenticeship in the Virtues. Political Consumerism as Neighbor Love. Fair Trade as Contradiction. Fair Trade, Globalization and the Emergence of Political Consumerism. Ordinary Politics and the Peace of Babylon. Summary. Conclusion: Toward a Politics of Hospitality and a Theology of Politics. Epilogue. Bibliography. Index.


The electrical stimulation of neural pathways has gained therapeutic relevance over the past decades. A wide range of clinical conditions benefits from vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), such as depression, epilepsy, heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis, cluster headache, traumatic brain injury, among others. Considering the relevance of experimental protocols aimed at a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the effects of VNS, proper adjustment of stimulation parameters such as frequency, pulse width, electric tension and waveform shape is crucial. The current study was intended to evaluate the effects of VNS on bradycardic response using three different waveform shapes. Wistar male rats were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine mixture and implanted with an electrode for electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and a bipolar stainless‐steel electrode into the cervical portion of the vagus nerve for VNS. Anesthetized animals had the ECG recorded and heart rate (HR) calculated on a beat‐to‐beat basis. Baseline HR was obtained during 5 minutes, followed by sessions of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. Taking into consideration the shape of the waveform used into VNS, rats were assigned into three groups: monopolar pulse (MP), depolarizing prepulse (DPP) and bipolar pulse (BP). Stimulation parameters were similar for all groups (frequency: 5 Hz; pulse width: 100 microseconds; electric tension: 1 V). Each VNS session lasted 30 seconds and sessions were 3 minutes apart. HR response during VNS was calculated to ensure the reliability of the preparation and was taken as the difference between average HR preceding VNS onset and maximum bradycardic response during the 30 seconds session. The magnitude of bradycardic response following the first VNS session was higher among DPP rats (Δ115 ± 23 bpm) when compared to MP (Δ37 ± 9 bpm) and BP (Δ83 ± 14 bpm) groups. Also, since our experimental setting contributes for better establishment of neural pathway longevity following exposure to electrical stimulation, the averaged bradycardic response among the three successive sessions of VNS was assessed. In a similar fashion to the findings regarding one single VNS session, it was observed a trend towards higher bradycardic response in DPP rats (Δ90 ± 32 bpm), when compared to MP (Δ56 ± 24 bpm) and BP (Δ70 ± 5 bpm) groups. From our findings, we can conclude that depolarizing prepulse waveform elicits a higher bradycardic response when VNS is conducted using parameters that match other waveform shapes. It is noteworthy to mention that the employment of VNS using techniques gentle (i.e. diminished damage) to neural pathways could contribute to nerve longevity.


Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against conserved synthetic peptide from the C-terminus of the y-tubulin and their specificity was confirmed by immunoblotting, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence. The antibodies decorated interphase centrosomes as well as halfspindles and midbodies in mitotic cells of various origin. The prepared antibodies were used to study the y-tubulin distribution in nocodazole and taxol-treated cells. In the cells recovering from the nocodazole treatment, y-tubulin was found in centers of all microtubule asters. Examination of relative location of y-tubulin and microtubule asters in taxol-treated mitotic cells 3T3, HeLa and PtK, revealed that the number of taxol-induced microtubule asters exceeded the number of y-tubulinpositive spots. The y-tubulin was often found in the periphery of microtubule asters. Centrosomal phosphoprotein epitope detected by MPM-2 antibody colocalized with y-tubulin in taxol-treated mitotic cells. The presented data suggest that taxol-induced microtubule asters are in vivo nucleated independently of y-tubulin, and other minus-end nucleator(s) are necessary for formation of such asters. Alternatively, y-tubulin is present in subthreshold amounts undetectable by immunofhorescence. 0 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


74 combinations were obtained by crossing 8 photo-thermo-sterilities with 30 restoring line varieties,and their combining ability of brown rice percentage was studied.The main results were as follows:1) Brown rice percentage of hybrids (F1) was significantly positively correlated with that of the male parentages and the mean level of two parents,and the correlation coefficient were 0.312 3 and 0.306 8;slightly positively correlated with brown rice percentage of the female parentages,and the correlation coefficient is 0.103 1.2) The difference of brown rice percentage was significant among combinations;The difference of brown rice percentage between general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) of combinations was significant;The brown rice percentage of hybrids was controlled by GCA and SCA,and GCA of parents,especially the restoring line parents,played a more important role.At last,the breeding methods of improving brown rice percentage in rice hybrids (F1) by two-line system were discussed.


We generalise to a rectangular lattice a known result about the maximal width of a planar compact convex set containing no points of the integral lattice. As a corollary we give a new short proof that the planar compact convex set of greatest width which contains just one point of the triangular lattice is an equilateral triangle.


The general manufacturing production machine of UHF passive RFID, the technology of online inspection is used in near field to read the serial number tag successfully or not in order to measure that the electronic tag is good or bad and to determine high and low production quality, but it cannot show further tag performance. This study research provides a short distance performance testing method by using passive tag and use the EPCglobal static test method to measure the turn on power, and test received signal strength indication in this condition. By the transfer method proposed in this study can get the longest steady reading distance; this method not only can help business owners to process the real-time online quality inspection, but also can grad in product manufacturing to reduce customer complaints and enhance product applications .


Investigations were made of the gasdynamic and optical properties of erosion plasma jets under conditions of passage of laser radiation through them and without the laser radiation. It is shown that in processes of plasma formation under the effect of laser radiation of reduced intensity (q approximates - 10/sup 7/ W/cm/sup 2/) on the absorbing material, the heating of the decay products by the interacting laser radiation plays a significant role. The temperature distribution along the plasma jet formed during laser interactton is obtained. A temperature maximum on the outlet from the tube caused by heating of the erosion laser plasma by incident laser radiation during its one-dimension gasdynamic movement and indicating a screening of the surface from the laser radiation is detected. It is established that the gasdynamic structure of the plasma jet and the porosity of the plasma jet corresponding to the regular pulse of the laser radiation affects the screening effect. (tr-auth)


Deep learning plays a vital role in day-to-day applications. Recent studies show that deep learning models are not resilient against adversarial attacks, which is also applicable to Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents. Considering sensitive use cases of the DRL agents, there is a pressing need to make them robust to adversarial attacks. However, to design an efficient defense, it is imperative that we fully understand the vulnerability of such agents. In this work, we propose statistical and model-based approaches to identify critical states in an episode. Our work shows that by attacking less than 1% of the total number of states, the agent performance can be reduced by more than 40%. Furthermore, we model a long-term impact classifier to identify critical states. This method reduces the average compute time by 80.3% when compared to previous approaches.


[Objective]To study effect of lipopolysacharide(LPS)of inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells and inhibitory effect of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) on LPS.[Methods]After 24 h culture,HepG2 cells were interfered with LPS(20μg/ml)and/or HGF(40 U/l),then observed the changes after 16 h.[Results]Apoptosis rate was 98.65%±0.638% in HepG2 cells treated with LPS,35.97%±0.450% in HepG2 cells treated with LPS plus HGF the difference had statistical significance(P<0.01).[Conclusions]LPS can induce HepG2 cells apoptosis.HGF can inhibit apoptosis induced by LPS in.


Periodically variables of gear mesh stiffness, may cause period excitation, may result in vibration by gearing parameter. This paper discuses the phenomenon by lost stability of gearing parameters in considering the gear mesh stiffness, and put forward a criterion of lost stability of gearing parameters.


The utility model discloses a light guide plate Christmas tree which comprises a first light guide plate vertical plate, a second light guide plate vertical plate, an acrylic frosted tube and a base, wherein the first light guide plate vertical plate and the second light guide plate vertical plate are in vertical cross-connection, and the base is fixedly connected with the lower end of the acrylic frosted tube; a first clamping groove with a downward opening and a second clamping groove with an upward opening are respectively formed in the centers of the first light guide plate vertical plate and the second light guide plate vertical plate, LED placing grooves are formed in the two sides of the two clamping grooves, and LEDs are arranged in the grooves; four mounting grooves for inserting the two vertical plates are uniformly formed in the upper part of the acrylic frosted tube at intervals, electric wires connected with the LEDs are arranged in the acrylic frosted tube. The diameter of the acrylic frosted tube is larger than the thicknesses of the first light guide plate vertical plate and the second light guide plate vertical plate, therefore light emitted by the LEDs is guided outwards through the light guide plate vertical plates, so that illuminance is uniform, and the brightness of the Christmas tree can be high without needing many LEDs. The LEDs are arranged in the vertical plates, the electrical wires and all the LEDs are arranged in the acrylic frosted tube, and therefore the LEDs and the electrical wires are not easily damaged.


The effect of the degassing treatment of B4C powder at high temperature on wettability of the melting Mg-Li alloy to the micron B4C powder was investigated.The related properties were also studied.Through infiltrating experiment,the difference of wetting ability of liquid lithium from B4C pressuring lump was revealed.The results show that there is an obvious phenomenon of gas degassing for B4C powder at high temperature.Below 600 ℃,the desorption gas mainly comes from the gas that was absorbed by physical and chemical mode.Between 600 and 700 ℃,there is a large amount of desorption gas,which is mainly CO that comes from the reaction of residual elementary carbon and B2O3 in the preparation of B4C powder.The oxygen content of B4C powder reduces from 1.09% to 0.79%,and the surface of B4C powder becomes cleaner.The infiltrating experiment indicates that the vacuum degassing treatment can improve the wettability of liquid lithium to B4C pressuring lump.


Abstract Punitive measure against anyone is for correctional purpose and making individuals become better citizens. In this regard, incarceration is supposed to lead to the rehabilitation of individuals to make them socially fit. However, ex-convicts face challenges in society including employment. Therefore, this study explores the willingness of an employer to employ an ex-convict. To achieve the objectives, a survey research design was adopted, and the responses obtained from a sample of 283 SME owners in the Western Region of Ghana. The findings show a high level of un-willingness of SME business to employing ex-convict. Again, employers and owners of SMEs have a negative inclination toward hiring ex-convicts. However, individuals with high levels of education and skills were found to have a better chance of being gainfully employed. To help the situation, education, training, tax reliefs and development of legal framework toward employing ex-convict would help deal with this situation.


A discrete, time‐dependent energy‐deposition model is used to study high‐energy electron‐beam (100 eV–10 MeV) deposition in O+. Both time‐dependent and steady‐state secondary electron distributions are computed. The distribution functions, production efficiencies, loss function, and mean energies per electron‐ion pair (W) are presented for a wide range of energies. The model predicts W to be approximately 72 eV for O+ over a wide range of beam energies when inner‐shell ionization is neglected. The results change when inner‐shell ionization, followed by the accompanying emission of an Auger electron, is included. The model also includes inner‐shell excitation to high Rydberg states. Changes resulting from these processes are noted and discussed.


In 1802 two expeditions of discovery were off the coast of southern Australia, both charged with charting the 'unknown coast'. They famously met off the coast at what Flinders would name Encounter Bay. Nicolas Baudin sailed from France October 1800. His complicated instructions meant he did not sail directly to the unknown coast


................................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ 3 Index of tables ........................................................................................................................ 8 Index of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 9 1 Overture and structure of this thesis ........................................................................... 10 1.1 The problematic: contradictory attitudes toward mathematics .......................... 10 1.2 Investigating the origins of attitudes: classroom mathematical activity .............. 11 1.3 Aims of this research ............................................................................................. 12 1.4 Narratives in this research: identity, questions and theoretical engagement ..... 14 1.5 Thesis structure ..................................................................................................... 16 2 Rationales for this study: policy and practice .............................................................. 19 2.1 Shifting my attention from attitudes to values ..................................................... 19 2.2 Curricular aims: purposes of mathematics ........................................................... 25 2.3 Meaning and purpose with mathematics in everyday life and work.................... 28 2.4 Orienting my notions about mathematical activity .............................................. 30 2.5 Developing question narrative .............................................................................. 33 3 Literature review .......................................................................................................... 36 3.1 Research into classroom values and purposes ..................................................... 36 3.2 Research into needs – curricular responses .......................................................... 45 3.3 Street and school mathematics – separation of practices .................................... 54 3.4 Theoretical engagement narrative: adopting a theory ......................................... 65 3.5 Developing question narrative .............................................................................. 67 4 Adopting cultural-historical activity theory as a research framework ........................ 68


The study has evaluated the causativeness for the alterability of 92 rice straw samples on their cultivation seasons, regions and the varieties of rice, compared the differences of rice straw with other crop residues. The results indicated that (1)the most of crude protein in rice straw was as the wall structural protein (WSP) (r = 0. 98. P0. 05). which presented a negative correlation with the content of cellulose in the straw (r= - 0. 74. P 0.05) . (2)The duration from later of ripening to harvest was important to straw quality with the cultivation techniques and seasonal climate effects, especially on stimulating straw silicification and structural components. (3) The more favoritism in silicification than in lignification is the speciality of rice that differing from other crop residues on limiting straw degradability.


PURPOSE: A light emitting device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve space utilization efficiency by combing a plurality of connection methods with one light emitting diode structure. CONSTITUTION: A light emitting structure(208) is formed in a carrier. The light emitting structure includes a first surface, a second surface, and an active layer facing the carrier. The active layer is arranged between the first surface and the second surface. A first trench(210) passes through the active layer and forms a light emitting device. A second trench(220) is extended on the second surface and passes through the active layer.


Indonesia is a country with abundant natural wealth and almost all types of plants can grow in the territory of this country. One of them is oil palm leaf (Elaeis guineenis Jacq.) containing terpenoid compounds, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins and also this plant among the community has benefits that can be used for the treatment of skin infections. Purpose of this study was to determine the  yield obtained as well as the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of oil palm leaves. Oil palm leaves were extracted using 96% ethanol as solvents and using the maceration method. Testing the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of oil palm leaves was carried out using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), where the absorbance was measured at max 515 nm using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the yield of oil palm leaf ethanol extract obtained as much as 5.44 % and obtained that the ethanolic extract of oil palm leaves had antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals with an IC50 value of 133.58 ppm. It could be concluded that the ethanolic extract of oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) had antioxidant activity in the moderate category because the IC50 value was between 100- 150 ppm.


The emphasis in this volume is significantly different from Type Mineralogy of Brazil by Daniel Atencio, which was reviewed in Can. Mineral . 39 , 1750 (2001). Gold and gold mines cover many pages, in contrast to clay minerals, which occupy half a page. There are over 700 excellent photographs of


The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the flow resistance of a catheter implanted into an injection system of a medicament. The device comprises a control device intended to be connected to a scan input of an injection system, which pump through a catheter to a predetermined volume of liquid and means (25, 27) are provided for measuring the pumping time of the injected liquid volume. particularly applicable to insulin delivery systems implanted.


Background and Aims: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is a secreted protein produced by osteoblasts. UcOC can regulate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in rodents. Pharmacological administration of ucOC enhances insulin secretion which could be mediated by GLP-1 in mice. However, pathophysiological roles of ucOC in glucose intolerance in human remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between ucOC and glucose metabolism in individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. Materials and Methods: The 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 75 Japanese individuals not taking diabetes medications [age: 65±11 (mean±SD); male/female: 34/41; BMI: 24.9±3.8]. Individuals were classified as normal (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes (DM) groups (each group: n=25). The insulinogenic index (IGI) as an index of insulin secretion, and QUICKI and the Matsuda Index (MI) as indices of insulin sensitivity were calculated. Fasting serum levels of ucOC and leptin were assayed by ECLIA and by ELISA, respectively. Normally-distributed log e -transformed (ln-)values were used for regression analysis in some cases. Results: Although fasting and 2h after glucose loading plasma glucose, HbA1c, IGI, QUICKI and MI were significantly different among the 3 groups, age, sex, BMI, and ucOC were not different. In simple regression analysis in each group, ln-ucOC was not correlated with QUICKI and ln-MI in all 3 groups. Interestingly, ln-ucOC was correlated with ln-IGI (r=0.422, P=0.0345) and HbA1c (r=-0.574, P=0.0022) only in DM. In multiple regression analysis in DM, ln-IGI was independently predicted by BMI (β=0.598) and ln-ucOC (β=0.641) (R 2 =0.488, P=0.0006) and by ln-leptin (β=0.624) and ln-ucOC (β=0.448) (R 2 =0.568, P Conclusion: UcOC was correlated with insulin secretion independently of adiposity in Japanese individuals with diabetes. Disclosure S. Funakoshi: None. S. Ohmi: None. E. Amano: None. Y. Terada: None. S. Fujimoto: None.


The accurate measurement of displacement and strains during deformation of advanced materials and devices continues to be a primary challenge to designers and experimental mechanicians. The increasing complexity of technological devices with stringent space requirements leads to imperfect boundary conditions that have to be properly accounted for. The push toward miniaturizing devices down to nanometer length scales imparts additional difficulties in measuring strains as the application of conventional extensometers and resistance foil gages are cumbersome, damaging, or even impossible. A technique which can cover all that and also can deal with complicated strain fields in structures or structural materials is the Digital Image Correlation. With this technique, strain can be calculated from a series of consecutive images with sub pixel resolution. However, the image processing is computation intensive and using general purpose processors it is not possible to analyze images in real time. With hundreds of simple processors used to transform vertexes in 3D space modern graphic adapters offer a way to speed up the process of more than one order of magnitude at low cost and with good scalability. To use this computational power we have implemented the image tracking algorithm using CUDA.


Fluorescence is a good non-contact thermometry technique in hostile environments such as those found at high temperatures. Phosphors are typically rare earth-doped ceramics that emit light when excited. The intensity, rise time, decay time, and wavelength shift of this emitted light can be temperature dependent. When thermographic phosphors are applied to a surface, with an excitation source and a method to characterize the emission provided; it is possible to determine the surface temperature. One of the simpler methods to apply these coating is through the use of temperature sensitive paints (TSPs). These TSPs are created by mixing phosphor with a binder material to form a sprayable coating that can be easily and economically applied to a large area. Ideally, these phosphor paints need to survive at the limit of the existing decay time data, or 1700 C. The survivability of phosphor paint depends on the physical characteristics of the binder. The goal of this research is to discover binders that will allow phosphor paints to survive at high temperatures. Suitable binders will allow the construction of non-contact measurement devices useful in environments that are not suited for more common thermocouple or infrared devices. For a phosphor paint to be useful at a selected temperature, it must fluoresce when excited and have a measurable decay time. In this study, the Cotronics Resbond 791, 792, and 793 ceramic binders were evaluated to determine their suitability to serve as binders for a Y2O3:Eu phosphor powder. Post-thermal cycling spectral analysis was used to quantify wavelength and intensity changes in emission from ultraviolet excitation. Several of the paints utilizing their binders were able to survive at 1500 °C. INTRODUCTION Phosphors are fine powders that are doped with trace elements that give off visible light when suitably excited. Many of these phosphors have a ceramic base and can survive and function at high temperatures such as those present during combustion. When thee phosphor is applied as a thin coating, it quickly equilibrates to the ambient environment and can be used to measure the surface temperature. The basic physics of thermographic phosphors is well established, and researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have demonstrated several useful applications [ref. 1-12]. The thermometry method relies on measuring the rate of decay of the fluorescence yield as a function of temperature. Having calibrated the phosphor over the desired temperature range, a small surface deposit is excited with a pulsed laser. The resulting fluorescent decay (typically in less than 1 ms) time is measured to calculate the temperature of the substrate. In many instances, (e.g., in a continuous steel galvanneal process) a simple puff of powder onto the surface provides an adequate fluorescent signal [ref. 1-2]. Often temperature measurements are made using thermocouples or optical pyrometry. However, in situations where rapid motion or reciprocating equipment is present at high temperatures, it is best to use other techniques. For many phosphors, the prompt fluorescence decay time (τ) varies as a function of temperature and is defined by: I = I0 exp t τ ⎧ ⎨ ⎩ ⎫ ⎬ ⎭ , (1) where: I = Fluorescence light intensity (arbitrary units), I0 = Initial fluorescence light intensity (arbitrary units), t = Time since cessation of excitation source (s), and τ = Prompt fluorescence decay time (s) [ref. 1-2]. The time needed to reduce the light intensity to e (36.8%) of its original value is defined as the prompt fluorescence decay time. An example of this quantity for several thermographic phosphors is shown in Figure 1. Notice the fluorescence decay time decreases by four orders of magnitude when the temperature increases from 600 to 1100 °C. Figure 1. Prompt fluorescence decay time for a selection of thermographic phosphors. 0 400 800 1,200 1,600 Temperature (°C) Fl uo re sc en ce D ec ay T im e (μ s) This paper will give an overview into research to find binder and phosphor combinations that can emit fluorescence and remain mechanically viable at temperatures as large as 1600 °C. Emphasis will be placed on developing procedures and techniques for the application and the pre-treatment of candidate binder and phosphor combinations. HISTORY In May 2001, a research program was initiated to evaluate TSPs that could be used in high temperature thermometry applications. This three-year program was funded by the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. A research team lead by ORNL was assembled to locate binder and phosphor combinations that can emit fluorescence and maintain structural integrity at high temperatures. The ultimate goal for this research was to locate TSPs that could be used to measure the heat flux and temperature present inside a common turbine or rocket engine. The phosphors in question are typically rare earth compounds that emit copious fluorescence and have grain sizes of less than 10 μm. Binders used for this purpose must: 1) Be easy to apply with an airbrush, 2) Set to a temperature resistant inorganic finish, and 3) Have minimal reaction to the phosphor material. During the first year of the program, research was completed to determine if heat flux could be measured using a phosphor coating. In the second year, research was completed to find phosphor and binder combinations that can emit light and remain mechanically viable at high temperatures. Results from these measurements can be found in Table I. Each paint combination was exposed to the high temperature listed in Table I for one hour and then slowly cooled. The heating rate was kept small in order to minimize effects due to the difference in expansion coefficient between the paint and the ceramic substrate. Table I. Zyp Coatings-based thermally sensitive paint survivability results. Paint Phosphor Emission At Given Cycling Temperature? Binder Fraction (Vol. %) Phosphor Emission (nm) 1200 °C 1300 °C 1400 °C 1500 °C 1600 °C Comments HPC 20% Y2O3:Eu 611 Yes Yes Paint mostly gone after heating to 1500 °C HPC 10% Y2O3:Eu 611 Yes Yes Paint mostly gone after heating to 1500 °C 75% HPC 25% LK 20% Y2O3:Eu 611 No All of paint gone after heating to 1500 °C. 75% HPC 25% LK 10% Y2O3:Eu 611 Yes Most of coating gone after heating to 1500 °C. 50% HPC 50% LK 20% Y2O3:Eu 611 Yes Yes Paint mostly gone after heating to 1500 °C 50% HPC 50% LK 10% Y2O3:Eu 611 Yes No No 611 nm peak after heating to 1500 °C. ZAP 50% Y2O3:Eu 611 Yes Yes Yes Yes Paint still intact with diminished fluorescence after heating to 1500 °C. ZAP 30% YAG:Dy 585 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Fluorescence still present after heating to 1600 °C. ZAP 30% YAG:Tm 420 480 Yes Coating intact but poor fluorescence after heating to 1500 °C. ZAP 30% YAG:Eu 595 611 Yes Coating intact but poor fluorescence after heating to 1500 °C. Three binders, HPC, LK, and ZAP, from Zyp Coatings, Incorporated of Oak Ridge, Tennessee were used in this research [ref. 9-10]. Each of these three binders was designed for use in high temperature applications and are available in the commercial market. A selection of rare earth compounds are used for the phosphor powders in this research: yttrium oxide doped with europium (Y2O3:Eu), and YAG doped with dysprosium (YAG:Dy), terbium (YAG:Tb), and europium (YAG:Eu). A selected binder and phosphor powder are mixed together to create a strong and durable thermally sensitive paint (TSP). Detailed information on this research can be found in references 9 and 10. Results shown in Table I show that most of the HP/LK bound samples survived heating to 1400 °C. Most of the paints were removed from the surface of the ceramic at 1500 °C. This data also shows that paint consisting of a 100% ZAP binder and 30% YAG:Dy powder by volume is intact and emits fluorescence after heating to 1500°C. This paint surface did look bumpy or mottled after heating. The other ZAP paints were also intact, but with reduced fluorescence. In fact, the ZAP binder and 30% by volume YAG:Dy TSP was also found to emit fluorescence after heating to 1600 °C. BINDERS During the third and final year of the NASA-Glenn research, several Resbond ceramic binders manufactured by Coltronics Corporation of Brooklyn, New York were evaluated using a powdered Y2O3:Eu phosphor. The main fluorescence emission from Y2O3:Eu occurs at a wavelength of 611 nm. Selected material and preparation properties for the tested Resbond binders are given in Table II. The Cotronics series of ceramic binders includes six different formulations. Of these, only the four varieties listed in Table II were tested. During initial research, Cotronics Resbond 795 did not adhere to the surface. Since the other two binders have similar properties, it was considered more productive to focus on the three remaining binders. Table II. Properties for selected Cotronics Resbond ceramic binders. Resbond Composition 791 Silicate Glass 792 Silicate Glass 793 Silica Oxide 795 Alumina Oxide Applications Adhesives Coatings Adhesives Coatings Electronics Bonds Fibrous Materials High-Purity Binder pH Mildly Basic Mildly Basic Mildly Basic Mildly Acidic Maximum Temperature (°C) 165


IN THE WORDS OF ANOTHER: ON THE PROMISES AND PARADOXES OF RHETORICS OF EMPATHY Eric Wallace Leake July 28,2011 Empathy has been commonly evoked within rhetoric and composition as a way to understand audiences and as a classroom ethic. This dissertation goes further in defining rhetorics of empathy, analyzing the uses of rhetorics of empathy in political and social discourse, and proposing how rhetorics of empathy might inform the ways we teach reading and writing. The first chapter defines rhetorics of empathy through a survey of empathy's place in the rhetorical tradition, including Aristotle's theories of emotion, ideas of compassion in the Scottish Enlightenment, and Kenneth Burke's concept of identification. This rhetorical history is combined with contemporary understandings of empathy from developmental psychology and moral philosophy. The resulting definition is of rhetorics of empathy as means of persuasion notable for combining the cognitive and the affective within our perspective-taking faculties, social relations, and moral judgments. The importance of rhetorics of empathy in political discourse is shown in an analysis of Barack Obama's speeches, which both promote and perform positions of empathy. Obama's speeches are further shown to employ empathy through allegory, particularly in the telling of Obama's own story as an occasion for empathizing with multiple American identities. A series of first-person accounts of the nearly and newly


Before the Web, the story of online information services was largely one of over-estimates and unmet expectations. This study examines sustained use and non-use of online services within organizations in a way that overcomes limitations of the traditional approaches that repeatedly led to exuberant usage projections. By adopting an open-systems view, we see that firms in highly technical and highly institutional environments have many more incentives to gather data and go online than do firms in low-tech, unregulated industries. But firms make important choices about partnering and outsourcing that can shift informational activities across organizational boundaries. Our analysis focuses on the informational environments of firms in three industries: law, real estate and biotech/pharmaceuticals. This environmental model provides richer conceptualizations about the use of information and communication technologies, including Internet technologies, and better projections about future use. In support of our analysis, we briefly discuss insights from an ongoing intranets study informed by an informational environments perspective.


The Great Plains blankets eight states. It is dotted with oil patches, public utilities, farms, ranches, feed lots, meat-packing plants, medium size cities, military bases and tiny towns feeding on agricultural activity. The question is: what can leaders do for a desperate and aging population in a global warming environment to bring full employment to the region. This paper explores opportunities to capitalise upon environmentally friendly farming practices and agricultural waste to produce jobs, money, commercial opportunities, marketable sod, fertilisers, methane, electricity and securities (from the Chicago Climate Exchange) as answers for this question. The paper recounts the use of man made wetlands to sequester CO2; by-products from coal fired power plants; landfill methane; methane digesters and soil carbon projects to arrest heat and contribute to the campaign against global warming.


Nowadays, with the rapid development of industry, people's daily life is becoming more and more rich and diverse. However, while enjoying the pleasure brought by material life, a large number of garbage are produced. They are various, and people lack the knowledge related to garbage classification, which leads to the difficulty of manual or robot classification. This paper studies a garbage classification algorithm model based on deep learning convolutional neural network Efficientnet to help identify garbage classification. In this research, data augmentation and normalization are carried out to solve the problem of small amount of data sets and different sizes of pictures. Efficientnet is used to extract the features of images. In order to solve the problem that BN has no obvious effect on small batches in the network, we replace BN with group normalization (GN). In order to prevent some irrelevant information in the image from affecting the training of the model, we add attention mechanism after the output of Efficientnet to emphasize or select the important information of the target processing object, and suppress some irrelevant details, so that the model can focus on the key features and better identify the image; according to the above process, we use softmax to classify the spam image and divide it into four categories (Recyclables, Kitchen garbage, Hazardous garbage, Other garbage) The results show that the model can effectively extract the features of the input garbage image, and get accurate judgment, and identify the types of garbage. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the algorithm model is high, and has good classification performance and robustness. In the practical significance of the research, this reliable model can help people quickly know the type of garbage, or can be applied to robot sorting, to help detect the types of garbage for robot judgment and sorting, so it has very important application scenarios and significance.


Objective The article describes a new surgical approach to extensive tumors in the pterygomaxillary fossa and the middle skull base. Methods The lip split incision begins at the vermilion border and continues along the nasal ala and the lateral nose. It turns horizontally at the inner canthus, which transects, to the lateral canthus, at which point it exits to meet the vertical coronal / preauricular incision. The level of the hard palate after the elevation of the maxillary periosteum and the masseteric fascia in a downward fashion. The frontotemporal scalp is reflected toward the midline after completion of the coronal and transtemporal incision and an appropriate undermining. Craniofacial skeleton is exposed from the middline. After osteotomies of the orbitomaxillary skeleton and an oblique subperiosteal osteotomy over the angle of the mandible are completed, a frontotemporal craniotomy is performed at this time, identifying foramina spinosum, ovale and rotundum, as we as the superior orbital fissure. The tumor is exposed in the surgical field, after the tumor resected, the orbito-maxillary skeleton, removed during the approach phase, is replaced and affixed by miniplates. The external soft tissues, including the skin, are then reapproximated along the preoperative markings. Results Surgical field obtained at the skull base can extend from the contralateral eustachian tube to ipsilateral geniculate ganglion. It includes the nasopharynx, clivus, sphenoid, and cavernous sinus, pterygopalatine fossa, as well as the entire infratemporal fossa and superior orbital fissure. This approach was used in 5 patients. All patients healed primaryly. Conclusion This technique is especially useful to tumors in the nasopharynx, clivus, superior orbital fissure-cavernous sinus, infratemporal, and pterygopalatine fossae.


Abstract : A final technical report documenting research, analysis, and design work leading to the development of a Management Information System (MIS) for the 4444th RTG, Tactical Air Command, Langley AFB, Virginia. Report details analysis of selected DOD MIS's and their applicability to the 4444th RTG MIS. Functional requirements are outlined, and a design concept keyed to these requirements is presented. The document includes a time-phased Development/Implementation Plan for evolutionary achievement of the MIS. (Author)


List of maps List of genealogical tables Note on terminology Part I. Irish Kinship: The structure of Irish kinship Irish ruling kindreds Part II. Welsh Kinship: The shape of Welsh kinship The Gwely and the Gafael Part III. Claims to Land by Virtue of Kinship: Irish Tellach Welsh Dadannudd Part IV. Kin and Lord The half-free in Ireland Irish clientship Kinship and lordship in Wales Part V. Kinsman and Neighbour: Kinship and neighbourhood in Ireland Kinship and neighbourhood in Wales Conclusion and further reflections Appendices Bibliography Glossary Index.


Correlation Sonar obtains the velocity of vessel by least-square fitting the theoretical correlation function and data correlation function or other optimization method,so the veracity of theoretical model is very important for velocity calculation.After massive data processing,it was found that,under some circumstances,the shape of the theoretical correlation function and data correlation function in three-dimensional space doesn't match well,which leads to less accurate of the velocity measuring results.By adapting the horizontal projection of the model from circle to ellipse,the theoretical correlation function is improved to fit the data correlation function more precisely,the velocity measuring accuracy improves accordingly.The conclusion that the ellipse shape of the correlation function is caused by the inhomogeneity of the sea-bottom interface roughness is obtained.


The application system features in small or medium-sized enterprise lie in the greater flexibility and speed, safety, high performance-price ratio. Traditional J2EE framework can not adapt to these needs, but the system application based on SSH(Struts, Spring, Hibernate) technology can better satisfy such needs. This paper analyses some integration theory and key technologies about SSH, and according to the integration constructs a lightweight WEB framework, which has integrated the three kinds of technology, forming the lightweight WEB framework based on SSH and gaining good effects in practical applications.


Is man responsible for climate change? Two historians, Jean-Baptiste Fressoz and Fabien Locher, argue that this question is anything but new. (...)


Clean Air Act Amendments - Amends the Clean Air Act to authorize the appropriation of $200,000,000 for each of the three fiscal years after the date of enactment of this Act. Requires employees of the Environmental Protection Agency to disclose known financial interests in persons subject to the Act or in applicants for financial assistance under the Act. Imposes criminal penalties for knowing violations of such disclosure requirements. Title I: Amendments Relating Primarily to Stationary Sources -Directs the Administrator to designate radioactive pollutants, cadmium, arsenic, and polycyclic organic matter as air pollutants to be regulated under the Act unless a finding is made that such substances will not contribute to air pollution likely to endanger public health. Directs the Administrator to promulgate a national primary ambient air quality standard for nitrogen dioxide over a short-term period, absent a finding that such a standard is not required to protect public health. Directs the Administrator to revise and reissue criteria relating to short-term concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and related substances. Directs the Administrator to investigate the relationship between sulfates and public health and welfare. Redefines the term air pollutant to include physical, chemical, biological, and radiological substances. Revises the basis for air quality and emission control standards under the Act to regulate air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. Directs the Administrator to prepare economic impact statements for various standards and regulations issued pursuant to this Act. Details information required to be included in such statements. Authorizes the Administrator or the States, subject to the approval of the Administrator, to issue delayed compliance orders to existing stationary sources unable to meet specified deadlines. Stipulates that such delayed compliance orders shall not result in postponement of original limitations


Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) of maxilla is a very rare malignancy of head and neck region with only fewer than 50 cases reported in English literature till now. The tumor cells resemble that of ameloblastoma but show atypia. It is of odontogenic origin and has varying clinical presentation due to the aggressive nature and various sites of origin. It has a high tendency to recur and metastasize. Early identification and complete excision of the tumor is indicated as the recurrence is associated with a very high mortality. Its rare occurrence has made it difficult to come to a consensus on management of the disease. Yet, surgery with or without radiotherapy has been advocated in most of the reported cases. We are reporting a case study of one such patient with AC of maxilla who was treated with excision with wide margins with postoperative radiotherapy.


THE occurrence of myasthenia in the newborn infant is relatively rare and during the past 25 years about 40 cases have been reported (Osserman, 1958; Stern et al., 1964). Apart from its potential gravity neonatal myasthenia has aroused much interest from the point of view of its aetiology. The transient nature of the disorder has understandably focused attention on the possible transfer from the myasthenic mother during intrauterine life of some factor, whose adverse influence on the well-being of the infant has seldom persisted beyond about six weeks. The passive transfer of maternal antibodies such as have been detected in the serum of myasthenic adult patients (Strauss et al., 1960; Beutner e ta l . , 1962 ; van der Geld et al., 1963) or of antinuclear factor (White and Marshall, 1962) are attractive possibilities which so far have not been cleaIly shown to be involved in neonatal myasthenia. It has also been suggested that neonatal myasthenia is a result of placental transmission of a neuromuscular blocking substance, the origin of which may be the thymus gland (Keynes, 1949; Wilson et al., 1953; Goldstein, 1968). This explanation has been countered by reports of neonatal myasthenia in cases in which the mother had previously undergone thymectomy (Schlezinger,


Abstract : This paper analyzes the formulation of the major concepts and ideas in the field of fluival geomorphology in the United States. The discussion is divided into four sections: early history, William Morris Davis, Quantitative Revolution, and present era. Abstracts of major articles relating to the four periods are included as an Appendix.


The ranking method of XML preference query results is an important issue. For user's preference query request, the query results are often user's interested information. In order to satisfy the user's personalized query requirements, this paper proposes the XML contextual preference model. When a user submits a query request, the user's preference query results depend on the contextual conditions of the query. The context is modeled as a hierarchical structure. Based on similarity of contextual states, this paper clusters the preference queries with the similar contextual states. Furthermore, this paper proposes the top-k ranking method of preference query results. Finally, this paper presents the results of experimental evaluations which indicate the efficiency of the proposed approach.


The invention relates to a verifying unit of a digital substation pass electric energy meter. The primary side of a standard voltage transformator and the primary side of a high-voltage standard current transformator are respectively connected with the secondary side of a high-voltage testing transformer and a high-voltage booster, and the secondary sides of the standard voltage transformator and the high-voltage standard current transformator are connected with a single-phase standard electric energy meter; the secondary sides of the high-voltage booster and the high-voltage testing transformer are connected with a current sensor and a voltage sensor of an electronic transformator; the electronic transformator also comprises a primary converter unit and a merging unit; the current sensor and the voltage sensor are connected in parallel and connected to the primary converter unit; the primary converter unit is connected with the merging unit; the outlet of the merging unit is connected with a network electric energy meter; and the network electric energy meter and the single-phase standard electric energy meter are together connected to an electric energy error calculator. Due to the adoption of the invention, the error of the digital substation pass electric energy meter can be obtained without paying attention to the error of the merging unit of the electronic transformator and the error of the network electric energy meter; in addition, the magnitude of error of the digital substation pass electric energy meter can reach the nation standard.


In the front and rear graphics operations of finite element analysis software, traditional methods use ray picking and callback functions to complete the graphics picking interaction, which is inefficient and inflexible, which affects the software user experience. The method in this paper adopts the ray picking algorithm based on the BVH structure and the signal-slot data communication mechanism of Qt to realize multi-threaded concurrent communication, supports efficient and free interactions such as single-point picking of 3D models and rectangular frame selection, and improves the interaction friendliness and friendliness of the finite element analysis system. User operation efficiency.


An advanced coupled numerical model was developed and implemented in the present work, describing the scour patterns and predicting the scour depth in front of vertical-wall breakwaters. It consists of two independent models, a hydrodynamic Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model developed on the OpenFOAM (version 2.4.0) toolbox (CFD), describing the wave propagation and the associated hydrodynamic field, and a morphodynamic one (sediment transport model), which was developed in FORTRAN by the authors and yields the updated seabed morphology. The method used here is iterative. The hydrodynamic model is applied for any given initial seabed geometry and wave conditions, resulting in the hydrodynamic field of the flow, which is used as input by the second sediment transport model for the seabed morphology evolution. This process is repeated until the equilibrium profile is achieved. Model results are compared satisfactorily with experimental data for both scour patterns and prediction of scour depth.


Before the new requirements on the subject of executive leadership, demanding institutions is considered necessary to have two very clear aspects in education, which is the professional performance and other communication and ethical integration of the secretary. It is also important to note that management leadership and job performance in educational institutions has important determinants of leadership style that employs and applies each leader.

In an educational institution, should not aim and ideal achieve quality and efficiency in the exercise of Leadership promoting this through people within the educational community, which is why we must provide better service to teachers and thus provide service teachers and students of the Education Unit Quevedo.

This project expects to achieve clear objectives within the research as this will help to determine what factors were used to fulfill are, you can also view all of this by the statistical graphs that give us exactly the percentage of the results if it is achieved or not achieved and accordingly proposed alternatives.

In addition, an alternative proposal which will serve to resolve the issues raised and propose new objectives and will contribute to this alternative proposal was raised which will pose to solve the problem in research, which is needed the participation of the authorities of the Education Unit Quevedo


This article deals with an ESP course taught as an obligatory subject in a pharmacy undergraduate degree programme in Spain. The language course is only one of the contexts involving disciplinary English as the degree programme integrates English in several content subjects. The ESP course is an attempt to find the right balance between students' language needs, pharmacy-specific language skills, and the language-related demands of pharmacy content subjects which integrate English. The co-existence of ESP and CLIL teaching is seen as an opportunity for a closer cooperation and coordination with disciplinary experts to make connections between disciplines and activities towards better learning outcomes. We propose a course aimed at raising students' language awareness through focused tasks which will cater to student's communicative needs related to the two main themes of the course: chemistry and pharmaceutical care.


Introduction: There is increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and obesity. Dysregulation in a mechanism causing cardiovascular adjustments during exercise (Metaboreflex; a feed-back mechanism originating in skeletal muscle due to local metabolites) has been studied in MS and obesity. Aims & objective: To see the effect of metaboreflex by rhythmic handgrip exercise on hemodynamic parameters (Blood pressure (BP), cardiac output(CO), stroke volume(SV), pulse rate (PR), systemic vascular resistance(SVR)) in subjects with MS & obesity. Method & materials: 46 subjects, aged 25 to 45 years of both sex were enrolled & classified into a) subjects without MS with normal or overweight BMI b) subjects without MS with obese BMI c) subjects with MS with obese BMI and d) subjects with MS with morbid obese BMI. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated by impedance cardiovasography in supine position. Maximum Voluntary Contraction was measured by Handgrip Dynamometer. Rhythmic handgrip exercise was done at 30% of the subjects MVC (for 2 mins), followed by post exercise cuff occlusion to enhance metaboreflex, for 2 mins (20 mm Hg above systolic). The parameters were assessed post-rhythmic exercise. Results & conclusion: Following exercise, there was vasoconstriction mediated pressor response (statistically significant increase in diastolic BP) and flow mediated pressor response (statistically significant increase in systolic BP) in normal or overweight subjects without MS. In subjects without MS with obese BMI and subjects with MS with obese BMI, statistically significant decrease in SVR was found. In subjects with metabolic syndrome with morbid obese BMI, decrease in SV and statistically significant increase in PR was found.


New error-correcting block codes for two-dimensional signal constellations such as QAM are given. They can correct one error in each component of the codewords, with only one redundant symbol. We also prove that these new block codes can be constructed for any Euclidean complex quadratic field.


A long-acting, recombinant analog of the endogenous human granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) with hematopoietic activity. Similar to G-CSF, eflapegrastim binds to and activates specific cell surface receptors and stimulates neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation, as well as selected neutrophil functions. T herefore, this agent may decrease the duration and incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. T he long-acting G-CSF analog SPI-2012 extends the half-life of G-CSF, allowing for administration once every 3 weeks. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


The purpose of this research is to examine how interparental conflict and conflict styles (overt, covert and avoidant) influence children's adjustment directly and indirectly through maternal psychological control and mother-child conflict resolution among Chinese children. Paper-pencil survey data were collected from 111 mother-child dyads of children aged from 11 to 14 from Shantou, Guangdong, China. Results of this research revealed that interparental conflict was not associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors. This study also found a very weak linear relationship between overt conflict style and externalizing behaviors and between covert and avoidant conflict styles and internalizing behaviors. In addition, maternal psychological control and mother-child conflict resolution did not mediate the association between conflict styles and children's adjustment. The study supported the compartmentalization hypothesis, rather than the spillover and compensatory hypotheses. The findings from this study have implications for school counselors or practitioners who work with children's maladjustment in the Chinese setting and also Chinese families living in global settings.


The utility model discloses a brown coal intermediate-speed milling and direct blowing coal pulverizing system for smoke drying. A drying device is connected with a coal inlet arranged at the top of an intermediate-speed coal mill, the coal inlet and a high temperature smoke drying agent inlet are arranged at the top of the drying device, a coal outlet is arranged at the bottom of the drying device, an exhaust port is arranged on the lateral face of the bottom of the drying device, and the exhaust port is connected with an air inlet of the intermediate-speed coal mill through a powder discharging fan. An exhaust gas hot air mixer is arranged between a coarse powder separator and a pulverized coal distributor, and a branch of hot air of an air preheater is connected with the exhaust gas hot air mixer. The brown coal intermediate-speed milling and direct blowing coal pulverizing system enables adopting of the intermediate-speed milling coal pulverizing system by a high moisture level burning brown coal set to be possible, can achieve that in a coal burning set adopting the direct blowing intermediate-speed milling coal pulverizing system, a large proportion of brown coal can be mixed with or burnt or the brown coal is burnt completely, and has the advantages of not causing deflagration and being safe in operation.


Husrev u Şirin Mesnevis which narrates the love between Sasanian emperor Husrev Perviz and Şirin has been riveting in both Persian and Turkish literatures and indited by many poets. In the narration which is based on a true story are the names of many cities and countries existing today. One of such country, Abhaz is given as "Encâz" in different versions of Husrev u Şirin by Şeyhi. It is thought that those who copied the work read the name incorrectly since the text was written in Arabic alphabet. This study reports the reasons behind this misreading and miswriting.


Newborns must learn to structure incoming acoustic information into segments, words, phrases, etc., before they can start to learn language. This process is thought to rely on modulation structure of the speech waveform induced by segmental or prosodic regularities within the speech heard by the infant. Here, we investigate the process by which the initial acoustic processing required by modulation analysis can itself be tuned by exposure to the regularities of speech. Starting from the classic definition of modulation, as applied within channels of the peripheral filter, we formulate a mathematical framework in which the structure of initial spectral filtering is adapted for modulation analysis. Our working hypothesis is that the human ear and brain are adapted to the analysis of modulation, via a data-driven learning process on the scale of development (or possibly evolution). Simulation results are presented and a comparison with filterbanks classically used in signal processing is done.


Audience participation in production of public service media programs appears to achieve objectives that are more often media-centric than society-centric. The Monitor, a journalism program of Dutch public broadcaster NPO chooses not to focus on participation in production but on participation in the information-gathering phase. We investigate whether and how participation in this stage involves society-centric participation. We carry out expert interviews with the journalists, questioning their intentions and how they evaluate audience input in terms of societal objectives. In the conclusion, we discuss how participation in pre-production can help journalists to step out of their bubble.


A gay man who was forced to submit to an HIV test before doctors would perform an emergency appendectomy survived a motion by the defendants for dismissal. The plaintiff is suing the physicians, hospital, and nurse for violations of the Federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), which bars "patient dumping" in emergency rooms. The plaintiff went to the Overland Park Regional Medical Center in Kansas because he had pain in his lower right abdomen. The defendants believed EMTALA was designed to prevent delays in treatment related to a patient's ability to pay. However, the judge ruled the plaintiff was seeking relief under a different section of the provision that prevents emergency rooms from engaging in disparate medical screening procedures. The nurse and the hospital escaped liability on the tort claims.


OBJECTIVE To simultaneously determine the concentration of mitomycin C(MMC) in aqeous of rabbit eyes.METHODS A direct injection method for determination of MMC in body fluid and Solution by restricted-access media(RAM)-HPLC was developed.The mobile phase consisted of menthol-water(10∶90) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and detection wavelength of 365 nm.RESULTS MMC was well separated.The assay was linear between 0.001-0.005 mg·mL-1.The average recovery was 99.1%,102.3%,103.6%,and the RSD was 3.3%,2.9%,1.8%.CONCLUSION The assay method is simple,reliable,and can be used for the determination of MMC in rabbit eyes.


Background: The current research is designed to investigate alterations in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde - MDA) and renal markers (urea and creatinine) in patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) as compared to the control group. Method: The study included 55 subjects, who were separated into two groups: control group, which included 15 healthy members with no history of systematic illness; and patients group, which included 40 patients with CRF divided into four groups "Non: CRF patients without any accompanied disease, DM: CRF patients with diabetes mellitus, HT: CRF patients with hypertension, and HT + DM: CRF patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension". Results: The findings reveal that there is a notable increase in serum concentration of MDA, urea, and creatinine, in patients group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: In all chronic renal failure patients with or without any accompanying disease, lipid peroxidation is present in pre- and post-haemodialysis patients as well as patients with CRF have high levels of urea and creatinine compared with healthy groups.


During the 19th century, particularly the second half, France was seriously preoccupied with flood and soil erosion control. The unwise and irrational use of land resources of the upland country, matched with the particularly unstable geologic formations and steep slopes of the Alps, had resulted in an overaccelerated erosion of the soil, with all the consequences of catastrophic floods upon. urban and industrial centers and highly productive land in the plains as well. Soon, as a result, uneven production of water also became an item of high consideration. Thorough studies by most qualified specialists of that time (hydraulic and forest engineers) were not slow to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the forest cover, which was, it must be emphasized, gravely damaged. Forest Protection and Reforestation in the catchings of the active torrents became the green flag of a vigorous public forest service which in the early 1860's started with patriotic enthusiasm the rehabilitation of the depleted mountains of their home country. Twenty y e a r s later, because of the vigorous and continuously growing resistance of the mountain population, whose livelihood and economy were based mainly on livestock, and because of the meantime gained experience in the field, a quite striking change resulted; their initial flag had been replaced now by a more realistic one, which read: Rehabilitation of the mountains by Reforestation and Range Reuegetution.


The sandy plain of the South of Cordoba is a palimpsest resulting from an Aeolian System ("Pampean Sand Sea") and the Quinto River system's juxtaposition. The aim of this work is to carry out the dynamic and geochemical characterization (general and isotopic) of surface water-groundwater relationships, validating with a numerical model. The Quinto River, with headwaters in the San Luis Mountains, develops its middle basin in the study area, registering flow variations between winter and summer. The average surface water velocity is 0.8 m/s and the geochemical type is sodium sulfate. The unconfined aquifer presented variable hydraulic gradients, low water velocity (0.2 m/d) and a complex geochemical pattern (sodium bicarbonate, sulfate or chloride types). Considering the hydraulic connection between the two hydrological systems (a predominantly gaining river) a dominance of surface water in summer is detected. Thus, surface water dilutes by hydrodynamic dispersion the salts supplied by the aquifer, due to differences in water velocity in both hydrological systems. Isotopes results show that the river and the aquifer lay on an evaporation line with origin in the upper basin water isotope composition, which indicates provenance. The low slope of the line indicates river-aquifer mixing processes. Thus, in Cordoba Province, it was observed the prevalence of surface water in summer (72%), including contribution from dams, while the base flow is dominant in winter (82%). This basin constitutes a paradigmatic case of natural and anthropogenic constraints, whose functioning does not recognize political boundaries, indicating the usefulness of inter-jurisdictional studies.


7571 Background: Doxorubicin, fludarabine and rituximab are all considered active drugs in the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL). Howevere, the best induction regimen is still matter of debate. In 2003 the GISL started a phase II trial to assess efficacy and tolerability of a combination of bleomycin, adriamycin, ciclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (BACOP) followed by fludarabine and rituximab (FR).

METHODS
To be included in the study pts should have: histologically confirmed diagnosis of FL, stage II-IV disease, age 18-70, active disease. Pts were assessed for t(14:18) by PCR on bone marrow at diagnosis and at time of response assessment. Treatment consisted in three courses of BACOP followed by 4 courses of FR for pts in partial remission (PR) or complete remission with persistent t(14:18) positivity (CRM+). Pts achieving molecular complete remission (CRM-) stopped therapy after BACOP. The main endpoints of the study were overall response rate (CR+PR) (ORR) and failure free survival (FFS). A final accrual of 60 assessable pts was planned, however a faster accrual than expected allowed to enrol 91 pts between May 2003 and Dec 2005.

RESULTS
At time of present analysis 61 pts were valuable for final response: Median age was 56 yrs (25-70), male gender 56%, 18% with systemic symptoms, 88% in stage III-IV disease, 13% had elevated LDH and 21% bulky disease. Molecular marker was present in 30 out of 57 pts. 19 pts achieved a CR after three courses of BACOP; four of them, being in CRM- stopped therapy. 28 pts achieved CR with four additional courses of FR. At the end of treatment CR and ORR were 77% and 90% respectively; relatively to pts with molecular marker at diagnosis CRM- was 60%. Toxicity data are available for 57 patients: grade III/IV anemia and neutropenia were observed in two (3%) and 18 (32%) cases respectively; severe infections occurred in two cases, both bacterial pneumonia. After a median follow-up of 17 months (0.5-31) 12 events were observed: Major toxicity, four; non responders, two; relapse, six.

CONCLUSIONS
BACOP/FR is a feasible and safe regimen for the treatment of patients with FL with promising efficacy. More mature follow-up is required to confirm these preliminary results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The capability of the OpenFoam software to model slamming where air is entrapped between the free surface and the structure is investigated. The test case studied is a previously studied phenomenon, where an air pocket is entrapped between the free surface and the upper corner of a rectangular tank during sloshing. The air is entrapped due to the shape of the wave approaching the roof. The air pocket is compressed and starts to oscillate. The oscillations resemble the free oscillations of a mass spring system. OpenFoam results are compared with experiments and a numerical method based on a boundary element method (BEM) both of which are available from the previous study. In this work a compressible VOF (Volume Of Fluid) Eulerian two-phase mixture flow solver called comprssibleInterFoam from OpenFOAM package is used to perform the simulations. The sensitivity of the results to numerical parameters is addressed. INTRODUCTION Slamming events accompanied with high pressures impose large local forces on offshore structures and also on the vertical walls of prismatic fuel storage tanks. Free fall of life boats leads to very large pressures as it hits the free surface of the sea water. MARINTEK(Now SINTEF Ocean) has been receiving ∗Address all correspondence to this author. †Formerly MARINTEK. SINTEF Ocean from January 1st 2017 through an internal merger in the SINTEF Group ‡Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology several projects with focus on slamming events recently. More documentation of the probable forces and pressures is required by classification societies. One phenomenon which often occurs during slamming is associated with entrapped air pocket between the free surface and the structure. The compressible air pocket starts to oscillate, imposing high frequency oscillations on the structure. Abrahamsen [1] studied the oscillation of an air pocket experimentally, numerically and theoretically. Combination of Boundary Element Method (BEM), for the liquid domain, and a lumped model assuming uniform pressure inside the air pocket was used to analyze the oscillating air pocket. The experimental results of this study is used here to validate the numerical results computed by OpenFOAM. Effect of heat exchange on the damping of the oscillating pressure and formation details of the air pocekt can be found in [2]. Tregde [3] also studied the free fall of life boats using Star-CCM+ software. Star-CCM+ uses Finite Volume descritization. It also uses Volume Of Fluid to capture the free surface (same as OpenFOAM). The oscillating air pocket occurs during a flat impact. The CFD simulations capture the oscillation amplitude and frequency with fair agreement with full scale tests. However, full scale tests reveal smaller pressure amplitudes with faster attenuation in time, i.e. larger damping. Lugni et al. [4] studied the evolution of an air cavity due to slamming in a de-pressurized wave impact by extensive experimental work. They divided compression and expansion of the cavity into isotropic and anisotropic stages. In addition, the quick drop in the pressure for which the peak pressure halves within the first two compression/expansion cycles was related to the air leakage 1 Copyright c © 2017 by ASME during closure of the cavity. Similar drop was reported in [1]. It will be shown that OpenFOAM simulations are able to capture this quick drop in pressure. This study presents modelling of an impact induced air cavity/pocket problem using OpenFOAM. Details of numerical setup are explained so that the reader can reproduce the same results. The model tests were designed so that a simplest type of bubble would form. By simple we mean that 4 sides of the bubble geometry were determined by the tank wall, i.e. they are flat. In fact these model tests are good candidates for bench marking of numerical codes aiming at modelling compressibility in high pressures. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP The following text is taken from [1] which is the work of second author. Two-dimensional flow was obtained using a slim tank of D=100mm width. The interior length and height of the tank were L=1000mm, Htot=980mm respectively. These dimensions are seen in Fig. 1. The tank was made by 20[mm] thick Plexiglas plates and the filling level H was set to 85% of the tank height (H=0.85Htot) or 0.833m. The tank motion is horizontal. FIGURE 1. A DRAWING OF THE TANK INCLUDING NOTATION FOR DIMENSIONS, CAMERA VIEWS, LOCATION OF THE PRESSURE SENSORS AND DEFINITION OF COORDINATE SYSTEM( [1]) In order to get the desired cavity in the experiment, the tank follows a finely tuned motion: η(t) = i=9 ∑ i=1 ηi(t),ηi(t) = { ηi = ηaicos(σi(t − tsi)), t >= tsi ηi = 0, t < tsi } (1) Each term in the sum triggers the corresponding natural mode in the tank, because the excitation frequency of each term corresponds to the natural frequency of that mode. Here ηai is the excitation amplitude, tsi is the time when the excitation signal i starts. g is gravitational acceleration. σi is the natural frequency of the natural modes. σi = √ gπi l tanh( πhi l ) (2) For the pocket studied here, modes 1, 5 and 9 are used. After some time of exciting modes 5 and 9, they appear as superposed standing waves. Then a signal corresponding to the first mode is added. The time instant tsi when the different modes starts is tuned so that the wave hits the roof with an air pocket. The following parameters were chosen to create the pocket: ts1 = 3.820, ts5 = 0.5652, ts9 = 0.0, ηa1 = 0.202m, ηa5 = 0.00145m and ηa9 = 0.00077m. The experimental excitation system did not exactly reproduce its input signal, so the analytical signal in equation (1) was fitted to the measured position in the experiment and must be considered approximate. For the numerical simulations the acceleration is used directly as input. The resulting pressure time history inside the air pocket is quite repeatable. The latter is true at least for impact events with not too large impact velocity, i.e. less than approximately 0.4m/s. Horizontal tank position and acceleration are measured and four pressure sensors are attached to the roof at the air cavity. The pressure sensors measure nearly uniform pressure inside the air pocket at a sampling frequency of (9600Hz). The pressure sensor P2 as shown in Fig.2 is used in the next plots. This is located 19mm from the left tank wall (The sensor in the middle). FIGURE 2. FOUR PRESSURE SENSORS USED IN MODEL TESTS. The pressures measured by all four sensors are shown in Fig.3. This shows that the pressure distribution is quite uniform inside the pocket. 2 Copyright c © 2017 by ASME FIGURE 3. MEASURED PRESSURES BY ALL THE 4 PRESSURE SENSORS. NUMERICAL MODEL and SETUP Simulations are performed with OpenFOAM which is a free, open source CFD software suitable for research type of work. OpenFOAM uses Finite Volume Method (FVM) for spatial discretization of the flow domain. The version in use is 2.3.1(2.4 also works with the same model). The solver in use is compressibleInterFoam that handles non-isothermal compressible twophase flow of two immiscible fluids. Volume Of Fluid(VOF) method is used for interface capturing. The equations are solved for the two fluids, air and water, handled through volume of fraction of one of the fluids (alpha.water). In our case, water. The latter means the equations are solved simultaneously for the mixture fluid of both air and water. The simulations were conducted two-dimensionally. No mesh motion is applied and the tank motions are enforced through an additional acceleration term on the right hand side of Navier-Stokes equation. The same method was applied in [5] successfully to study sloshing in a tank with a vertical screen in the middle of the tank. In other words tank-fixed (non-inertial) coordinate system is used. This reduces the computational cost as well when the mesh is large. Governing Equations compressibleInterFoam solves continuity, momentum, energy, state and volume of fraction respectively as follows(See [6] and source code in [7]): ∂ρ ∂ t +∇ · (ρU) = 0 (3) ∂ (ρU) ∂ t +∇ · (ρUU) =−∇p+∇ · (μ∇U)+a+g (4) ∂ (ρCpT ) ∂ t +∇ · (ρUCpT ) = ∇ · (κ∇T ) (5) ρ = 1 RaT p (6)


Today to discover datasets a modern term appear "Big Data" because of large size of data and their complexity. It is hard to deal with these large amounts of data with the present techniques. A large volume of data in Big data, hard to understand it or analyze with multiple independent sources and growing in data sets size. The term Big Data mining is the ability of conclude useful information out of those great dataset, because of its big volume, Fastness, and differentiability it wasn't practical to do it previously. My study paper view totals the features and characteristics of "Big data", and challenges in "Big data" and its linked works. Additionally I focused in several article studies which written by most talented scientists on the field of "Big data mining". I trust my study will helpful to remodeling the current technologies of "data mining" to resolve the challenges "Big data". Yasir Ali Mmutni Alanbaky, Int. Journal of Computer Science & Mobile Computing, Vol.5 Issue.11, Nov2016, pg. 110-117 © 2016, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 111