Purpose of review Of the more than 1000 known genetic causes of mental retardation, Williams syndrome was selected for review because it aptly demonstrates both amazing advances and glaring omissions in the field of behavioral phenotypes. Recent findings Research on the Williams syndrome behavioral phenotype remains rather lopsided, with an abundance of publications on cognitive and linguistic profiles. Recent progress in these domains, especially in visual-spatial functioning, is summarized. In contrast, data are scant on psychosocial factors that predict successful life outcomes, including social competence and adaptation, psychopathology, families, and educational and vocational interventions. By examining one of these non-cognitive domains - psychopathology - the review highlights findings that are just as startling as the cognitive peaks and valleys that have long dominated the Williams syndrome phenotype landscape. Summary Williams syndrome demonstrates the need for a more integrated, 'whole-person' program of research. Specific recommendations are made that address this need.


Unsaturated fatty acids are a key component of triacylglycerides as well as necessary constituents of membrane phospholipids. The synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in C. elegans depends on the activity of a family of stearoyl‐CoA desaturases (SCDs), encoded by the fat‐5, fat‐6, and fat‐7 genes. To determine the role of these desaturases we have characterized mutants that knockout the three C. elegans SCD genes. Single mutants show only subtle fatty acid composition changes and no obvious effects on growth or reproduction, while the triple mutant is lethal, demonstrating that unsaturated fatty acids are essential for survival. Double mutant combinations reveal further roles for the stearoyl‐CoA desaturases. The fat‐5; fat‐6 double mutant shows reduced viability under starvation conditions, indicating a role for the SCDs in energy homeostasis. The fat‐6;fat‐7 double mutant displays dramatically low fat stores, pointing to a role for the SCDs in the regulation of adiposity. In addition we have characterized several transcriptional regulators of the SCD genes, including SREBP and the nuclear hormone receptor NHR‐80.


An analysis of interlaminar and in plane shear failures for [±θ]s composite laminates loaded in uniaxial compression is described. A laminate model is presented that idealizes each ply as a plate supported by an elastic foundation. A nonlinear analysis for plies with short-wavelength initial imperfections is used to determine laminate stresses and in terlaminar strains. A failure criterion that uses the results of the nonlinear analysis is intro duced.


We calculate the structure of an effectively optically thin and geometrically thin accretion disk in the Kerr geometry, including electron-positron pairs. We show that the properties of the disk solutions are strongly dependent on the angular momentum of the central black hole. We find that close to a rapidly rotating hole there can be an appreciable pair density even for modest accretion rates. Pair critical accretion rates recently discovered in Newtonian disk models are also shown to be present in the general relativistic models, and we show that the geometrically thin disk approximations easily break down for rapidly rotating holes.


Episodes of conflict provide a rich source of information about children's development of interactive skills. In the present study, 184 3-year-old children were observed in dyadic play and the 287 conflicts that occurred during their play were transcribed and coded. In general, children's conflicts arose in the context of ongoing play and were brief, lasting less than 15 seconds. Most disputes concerned toy possession, and almost 80% were ended by the simple withdrawal of one or the other children from the conflict. When children responded with emotional intensity to conflict, their conflicts lasted longer and were more likely to be followed by continued negative interaction. Individual difference data were available for one member of each dyad observed in play. Children rated in infancy as having difficult temperaments were found to be more intense during conflict, to spend more time in conflict, and to score higher on an index of conflict resolution competence, whereas concurrent social behavior was not...


Let F be a p-dimensional polyhedron and let C be a PL q- manifold without boundary. (Neither is necessarily compact.) The purpose of this paper is to prove that, if q — p > 3, then any topological embedding of P into Q can be pointwise approximated by PL embeddin-gs. The proof of this theorem uses the analogous result for embeddings of one PL manifold into another obtained by Cernavskii and Miller. Introduction. Recently Cernavskii and Miller have shown that any topological embedding of a PL zzz-manifold M into a PL o-manifold Q can be approximated by PL embeddings provided q - m > 3- (See (5), (6), and (10).) In this paper we use this fact to prove that a topological embedding of an arbitrary p-dimensional poly- hedron into Q (fl - p > 3) can be approximated by PL embeddings. This general- izes the results of Berkowitz (2) and Weber (13)- Our theorem can be stated as follows. Theorem 1. Suppose that P is a (not necessarily compact) p-dimensional polyhedron, that 0 is a PL q-manifold without boundary (q — p > 3), and that f: P —* Q is a topological embedding. Then for each continuous function c P—» (0, 00) there exists a PL embedding g; P—»0 such that d(f(x),g(x)) < e(x) for each x £ P. Moreover, if R is a subpolyhedron of P on which f\R is PL, then we may choose g so that g\R=f\R.


Figure 2: Transverse magnitude images of thermometry sequence with window coil in (a) single-element mode, and (b) two-element mode. The relative improvement in SNR when using the window coil in two-element mode (c) is also shown. The ROI from which the SNR is calculated is given as an overlay in (a). The dark horizontal lines in the magnitude images, (a) and (b), are due to partial saturation caused by the excitation of the coronal slices.


Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a natural inhibitor that regulates the initiation of coagulationby inhibiting tissue factor activatedfactor VII (TF FVIIa) in the presence of activated factor X (FXa) (l). Although the precise role of TFPI in haemostasis is yet to be determined,it'sabilityto inhibitTF FVIIa in thepresenceof FXa suggeststhat is doeshave an importantphysiologicalsignificance.


We show the existence of ultra-long-range giant dipole molecules formed by a neutral alkali ground state atom that is bound to the decentered electronic wave function of a giant dipole atom. The adiabatic potential surfaces emerging from the interaction of the ground state atom with the giant dipole electron possess a rich topology depending on the degree of electronic excitation. Binding energies and the vibrational motion in the energetically lowest surfaces are analyzed by means of perturbation theory and exact diagonalization techniques. The resulting molecules are truly giant with internuclear distances up to several μm. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of intersection manifolds of excited electronic states that potentially lead to a vibrational decay of the ground state atom dynamics.


Taking reconstruction of pavement on Zhang-Ha line as the example,the paper adopts the large-scale non-linear finite elementary software,ADINA to undertake the numerical simulation on the pavement deflection value of the new and reinforced pavement,compares and analyzes with the theory calculation data,sums up some rules,and displays the advantages of finite elementary numerical simulation.


ABSTRACT Two experiments were carried out to investigate how remedial instruction may be given to students who have difficulties in understanding the three‐dimensional spatial relationships portrayed in diagrams of three‐dimensional structures. Both experiments are based on a model which describes this kind of understanding in terms of the ability to respond correctly to each of four depth cues in the diagrams, and the ability to combine these depth cues correctly. Experiment I shows that remedial instruction in responding to only one of the cues, brings about a significant increase in overall understanding. Experiment II shows that overall understanding is significantly enhanced by giving remedial instruction on two cues as opposed to one cue, and that teaching students to combine the cues improves on the effects of teaching students to respond correctly to just one depth cue. It is concluded that all the results are consistent with predictions made from the underlying theoretical model.


Objective
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most prevalent mental health diagnoses for veterans. Previous research as well as the minority stress model and transgenerational trauma theories, suggest that race may be associated with PTSD, particularly in veterans. The current study examined whether there were racial differences in symptomology in a sample of combat veterans with PTSD (global and symptom cluster-specific).

Methods
Data were collected from male veterans who identified as non-Hispanic Caucasian or non-Hispanic African American (N = 413). Participants completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist- Military version (PCL-M). The PCL-M items were split into four symptom clusters to align with the DSM-5: Re-experiencing, Avoidance, Numbing, and Hyperarousal. It was hypothesized that African American veterans would report more severe global PTSD symptoms and higher levels of hypervigilance.

Results
Findings indicated global PTSD symptoms and three of the four symptom clusters did not differ, although the symptom cluster of Re-experiencing was found to be higher for African Americans compared to Caucasians.

Conclusions
It may be helpful for researchers to broaden their methods of assessing PTSD symptomology, such as to examine specific PTSD symptom clusters, especially when assessing differences by race.


Abstract : The Department of Defense has developed and standardized a new programming language, Ada. Many Air Force Systems Command programs will be required to use Ada for software development; as a result, there is a need to understand the characteristics of the programming environments useful in supporting Ada software development. This paper describes key characteristics of Ada Programming Support Environments (APSEs). It draws together information from any sources to provide the foundation knowledge needed to begin the specification or selection of an APSE. A programming support environment is a set of tools and techniques used to develop or maintain software. The programming environment that a software organization employs affects its productivity and the quality of its software products. In addition to developing Ada, the DoD has evolved requirements for an APSE through various levels of refinement, culminating in the Stoneman document. Stoneman addresses the high level functions of an environment needed to realize the potential of the Ada technology. It envisions an environment that is portable and extensible, supporting activities throughout the software life cycle. It also identifies a minimal set of tools for the design, coding, and configuration management of source programs.


The main influence factors on passenger transport demand characteristic are studied in this article.The stable demand and active demand are put forward.In this paper, two kinds of demand characteristic, time function, increasing style and optimal price are analyzed.On the basis of above research, the common function expression on passenger transport demand and the recent demonstration form of passenger transport demand function of China are given.


Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of Shuxuening Zhusheye on sudden deafness. Method 68 cases (75ears) of sudden deafness were treated with Shuxuening Zhusheye (Shuxuening group, 31cases, 34 ears) or Injectio salviae miltiorrhizae compsitae (control group, 37cases, 41 ears), At the same time also using quantity mixture, vitB1, vitB12, hormone and high-pressure oxygen etc. Result The total efficiency rate in Shuxuening group was 88.2%, hardly more that (65.9%) in control group. There was significant difference between two groups of curative effect (p0. 05). Conclusion Shuxuening Zhusheye is an effective medicine in the treatment of sudden deafness, worth popularizing and applying clinically.


The P̄ANDA experiment at FAIR will use DIRC detectors for the separation of hadrons. The compactness of the P̄ANDA detector requires the image planes of these detectors to be placed inside the magnetic field of the solenoid. Due to this and other boundary conditions MCP-PMTs were identified as the only suitable photon sensors. Until recently the major obstacle for an application of MCP-PMTs in high rate experiments like P̄ANDA were serious aging problems which led to damage at the photo-cathode and a fast declining quantum efficiency as the integrated anode charge (IAC) increased. With new countermeasures against the aging, in particular due to the application of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique to coat the MCP pores, the lifetime of MCP-PMTs has meanwhile increased by a factor >50 which is fully sufficient for P̄ANDA. The recent results of our long-term lifetime measurements are discussed. New 2-inch MCP-PMT prototypes from Hamamatsu show an encouraging behavior. However, the currently best performing MCP-PMT is a 2-inch PHOTONIS tube with two ALD-layers which reaches an IAC of >16 C/cm2 without any visible sign of aging. In the second part of these proceedings a new data acquisition system of the PADIWA/TRB type is presented which allows a quasi-parallel measurement of many MCP-PMT performance parameters. Especially unwanted effects like dark-count rate, crosstalk, ion after-pulsing, and recoil electrons can be studied in more detail than ever before. Exemplary results for these parameters are shown. The discussed DAQ system will be used for the comprehensive data quality checks of the MCP-PMTs being built into the DIRCs.


This paper demonstrates the ability of HVDC system and STATCOM as a member of FACTS device to mitigate the unfavorable Subsynchronous Torsional Oscillations (SSTO) and Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR). Two auxiliary controllers are designed and granted to the conventional controllers of each device. It is the first time that the capability of damping controllers are clarified for both SSR and SSTO. Fast Fourier Transform is implemented to analyze the results. Time domain simulation in Matlab/Simulink is carried out on IEEE Second Benchmark Model (SBM) aggregated with HVDC system and STATCOM to prove the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. A comparison between HVDC and STATCOM in SSR attenuation is also investigated. The results prove the exceptional performance of both STATCOM and HVDC when they operate cooperatively. I. INTRODUCTION High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) system obtains the DC current from High Voltage Alternative Current (HVAC) through the use of HVDC converters and their associated devices like filters, reactors and capacitor banks which provide the reactive power for the HVDC converters. Study of HVDC transmission system characteristics and behavior, will be necessary because it is one of the most dependable ways of transferring power. For long distance overload transmission systems (more than 600 km), binding between two asynchronous power systems and under water or underground transmissions (more than 50 km), the HVDC systems are economically more beneficial than HVAC transmission systems [1]. Large HVDC systems now exist in entire world. These include the pacific intertie which has a total capacity of 3100MW over a distance of 1360 km and the Hydro Quebec New England link has a capacity of 225MW. Itaipu in Brazil has an HVDC scheme of 6300MW, the cross channel UK-France scheme has a capacity of 2000MW, Wybord in Russia has a capacity of 1050MW. AS to 2005, the worldwide installed HVDC


Professional training in Ukrainian higher education institutions is primarily focused on strengthening the creative potential of future educators, as it promotes their professional and personal growth, as well as the comprehensive outcome of students' creative abilities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to outline the Ukrainian pedagogical experience in enlarging the creative process in higher education institutions. Another aim is to ascertain the concepts of "creative process", "creativity", "creative skills" in the up-to-date Ukrainian pedagogical discourse. It is a point of discussion that in Ukrainian pedagogical literature the term "kreatyvnist" ("creativity") dominates over "tvorchist" ("creative process"). Creative abilities are interpreted as a combination of inner human traits that emerge in the process of activity resulting in innovation. Creative activity integrates the mechanism of generating something new via education and cognition, while the ability reveals itself in responding to new non-standard situations when future-to-be teacher's creative skills emerge. Ukrainian pedagogical discourse presents an urgent teacher's need to be a manager of the inner self-improvement based on their cognitive activity. Moreover, two aspects tend to be crucial for the implementation of pedagogical work in higher education institutions in Ukraine. Firstly, the promotion of students' creative self-development; secondly, the stimulation of students' unique techniques for managing similar activities within the future professional framework.


The present comparative study deals primarily with the thermodynamic performances of the traditional fuel being used in shipping propulsion, Diesel oil and one of its alternatives, namely, the biodiesel. A thermodynamic model was developed based on the first and second law of thermodynamics. It was found that the engine running on biodiesel registers a slight improvement of its performances compared with the one running on Diesel oil in all the departments considered in this study.


Using genetically bioengineered yeast strains as bioreactors, a novel biochemical process was used to convert ordinary alkanes and fatty acids into corresponding dicarboxylic acids. A series of polyester acrylate oligomers using bio-derived dicarboxylic acids with varying chain lengths (C9 to C36) were developed. The synthesis and preliminary performance evaluations of these oligomers in EB cured adhesives and coatings are presented. INTRODUCTION: Short chain dicarboxylic acids (C4-C10) like adipic acid and aromatic diacids and their esters are key building blocks in the manufacture of polyesters and polyamides, polycarbonates produced in billions of pounds worldwide and used in film, fibers, coatings, adhesives and composites. However except for C-12 (Dodecandioic acid) made from petrochemical feedstock, butadiene, and C-36 (Dimer of oleic acid), there are few economically and commercially available long chain (>C10) diacids even though these diacids are expected to have significant market potential. For example, the increased hydrophobicity of these diacids could be used in many polymer coating applications. Further, these long chain diacids could be co-reacted to produce nylons and engineering polymers or UV curable and/or traditional powder coatings that could be processed at lower melt temperatures. The main reasons for non-availability of long chain diacids is a) lack of right feed stock, b) lack of economically viable traditional chemical manufacturing processes. In the last three years, a new commercial process harnessing biotechnology has been developed that allows the selective bioconversion of long chain alkanes and monocarboxylic acids to long chain diacarboxylic acids in high yields with few by products. This has been made possible by first genetically modifying certain yeast strains to amplify the required bioreaction, suppress both side products and degradation of the species of interest. In this paper we first review the development of these bio-diacids and present initial studies on developing the first in a series of possible downstream products: UV curable polyester acrylate oligomers for use in adhesives and coatings. EXPERIMENTAL: Materials: Nonyl phenol (3PO) monoacrylate, acid functional adhesion promoter acrylate Photomer® 4703 ( AV = 270 mg KOH/g), and all other starting materials unless otherwise noted were obtained from Cognis Corporation, Ambler PA. Photoinitiators used were from Ciba Specialty Chemicals. Alkanes used to make diacids were obtained from commercial sources. Bioacid synthesis: The starting point for C18 diacid was the readily available oleic acid or stearic acid. Most other acids were made using the corresponding alkane feedstock. First, genetically bioengineered Candida Tropicalis yeast cells were allowed to grow and multiply in a fermentation broth rich in nutrients. In the induction and production phases, the starting materials were added under controlled conditions of pH, temperature and oxygen demand. After the bioreaction, the desired diacid was separated and isolated from fermentation broth, followed by special purification techniques to obtain highly purified dicarboxylic acids. Thus octadec-9-enedioic acid was obtained from oleic acid. A saturated C18-Diacid was obtained by hydrogenation of the C9 double bond of octadec-9-enedioic acid. In a similar manner a series of diacids from C12-C22 were made from the corresponding alkanes. Two products, C12 and C18-diacid were chosen for commercial scale-up. The details of the synthesis and purification of these novel diacids is presented elsewhere. Polyester acrylate synthesis: Polyester syntheses were performed by reacting two moles of propoxylated glycerol with one mole of dicarboxylic acid(s) using acid catalyst first to produce hydroxyl terminated polyester polyols. These were further reacted with acrylic acid to make polyester polyacrylates. Surface tension: Contact angle measurements were done using a Rame-Hart Goniometer at 22 °C. All measurements were made by placing a single drop of material on a Teflon substrate. Products of known surface tension were measured for contact angle then a linear equation was extrapolated. They were water, butanol ( two concentrations) and ethanol in one set. Regression line had R = 0.9916). In a second set the contact angle of four commercial products of known surface tension, namely Neopentylglycol (2PO) monomethyl acrylate (Photomer® 8127), Neopentylglycol (2PO)diacrylate (Photomer® 4127), 1,6Hexanediol (2EO) diacrylate (Photomer® 4361) and Bisphenol A (4EO) diacrylate (Photomer® 4028) was measured. Regression line had R = 0.9959. The contact angle of the five bioacid based polyester acrylates was measured and the surface tension was determined using the extrapolated line generated in the previous step. Viscosity: The viscosity of polyester acrylates was measured using a Brookfield Cone and Plate viscometer at 25 C. Curing conditions: A. Coatings – All coatings were applied to a degreased (acetone), white pigmented epoxy primed cold rolled steel panel. All curing was performed under ambient condition (22 C, air atmosphere) using a conveyorized LESCO EBS machine fitted with a medium pressure mercury bulb (Primarc UV). A total energy of 662 mJ was used to cure the coatings. B. Adhesives: Curing was performed under nitrogen atmosphere on a conveyorized AEB bench top curing machine. The operating voltage was 100 KeV. The adhesive formulation was laminated between two corona treated polypropylene films (AET Inc) using #3 Meyer bar and cured at 60 ft/min. The total energy incident on the sample was 30 kGy. Moisture resistance tests: A UV curable formulation consisting of bio-diacid based polyester acrylate 60%, aliphatic urethane diacrylate (Photomer® 6230) 25%, HD(2EO)DA 6%, Benzildimethyl ketal 4%, Irgacure-184 3% ( Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and an amine acrylate Photomer® 4967, 2%. 50 micron thick, top-coated metal panels as described above were placed in a humidity chamber at 38 °C and 100% relative humidity. Tests were done per ASTM D2247. Crosshatch Adhesion test: 10 micron films were coated and cured directly on phosphated steel panels that had been degreased with acetone. After 24 hours, the panels were tested for cross hatch adhesion using ASTM method D3359. Tensile tests and Glass transition temperature (Tg): A UV curable formulation consisting of the bio-diacid based polyester acrylate 90%, TRPGDA 5%, Benzildimethyl ketal 2%, Irgacure-184 2% ( Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and an amine acrylate Photomer® 4967 1%, was made. Seven mil thick films were coated on polished aluminum panels, UV cured as above and tested on an Instron Tensile Tester using ASTM D882 test method. Glass transition temperature of EB cured polyester acrylates were measured using Perkin Elmer DSC-7 under nitrogen at a heating rate of 10 C/min. The endotherm corresponding to the second heating cycle was used to determine Tg. Peel Strength tests: 180 peel test was performed on EB cured adhesive laminates using a Thwing-Albert Peel tester. Laminates were prepared by applying a 6 – 8 micron thick coating between two substrates. The adhesive was cured by electron beam as describe above. Laminates were peeled apart at 12 inches/min. The mean of triplicate tests was reported. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Development of Bioacids: Candida Tropicalis is a commonly found yeast, was found to excrete diacids from alkanes and monoacids (Figure 1). To make bio-diacids in commercial quantities three important aspects of the manufacture need to be understood and optimized. A schematic of a yeast cell is presented in Scheme 2. 1. The sensitivity and activity of the organism to the desired bio-diacid has to be increased (i.e. more throughput per batch). Biochemically, this requires increasing the amount of the enzyme/protein which transforms the monoacid to the diacid. This in turn requires over expression of the genes that code for the protein. The process requires complex biomolecular techniques like gene cloning, sequence amplification, insertion into host DNA to produce the enzyme complex and is described in detail elsewhere . 2. The desired products should be selectively produced, for example, branched alkanes with branches in the middle should not produce polycarboxylic acids. Fortunately, the enzyme is selective and only terminal methyl groups at the longest chain length is oxidized. Next, it is necessary to block the degradation of the newly formed diacid. Again, this was done by genetically blocking the β-oxidation pathway. 3. Lastly, the products so produced from the biochemical process should be isolable in a pure form so that they can be used in polymer applications. Using a patented extraction method the diacids could be isolated and purified to high purity needed for polymer applications. A B Figure 1 Photomicrograph of A) Candida yeast and Candida Tropicalis strain Source: http://www.doctorfungus.org/thefungi/Candida_spp.htm Candida Tropicalis yeast cell NUCLEUS


Research efforts in conventional CPU architectures over the past decade have focused primarily on performance enhancement. In contrast, the NPU (Network Processing Unit) architectures have evolved significantly. The memory hierarchy of a typical network router features a Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) interfacing with the NPU in the same way as a DRAM interfaces with a traditional CPU. CAM technology provides very fast constant-time lookups over large amounts of data and facilitates a wide range of novel highspeed networking solutions ranging from Packet Classification to Intrusion Detection. While these networking applications span an entirely different domain than the database applications, they share a common operation namely lookup. Whether it is a database selectivity or join query, the core of many important database operators involves lookingup for a particular data entry among huge amounts of data. In this paper, we investigate how CAM-based technology can help in addressing the existing memory hierarchy bottlenecks in database operations.


Received 14 Sep 2017, Revised 17 Sep 2017Accepted 24 Oct 2017, Online 30 Oct 2017 Abstract— Keeping in mind the end goal to break down and look at the execution of the four steering conventions AODV, DSR, DYMO and ZRP, reproduction tests are performed. The motivation behind the re-enactments is to test the proficiency of the steering conventions under various system conditions and system sizes. The emphasis is focused on five execution measurements: Packet conveyance proportion, normal Jitter, end-to-end deferral, throughput and vitality utilization.


There were two main goals this paper set out to accompl ish. The fi rst was to set up an econometri c model that analyzed and predicted average ITBS test scores for school districts across Iowa. The ITBS test i.s a test which is mandated by the No Chi ld Left Behind Act. It is used to judge how we ll schools are performing. The econometric model designed in this study predicted student achievement as a function of dai ly attendance rates , per pupil expenditures, dropout rates, student-to-teacher ratios, number of pupils per computer, average number of years experience for fuJl-time teachers, average salary for full-t ime teachers , percentage of full-time teachers who have obtained a Master's degree or above for thei r educational level, percentage of district students who are either Hispanic, American Indian, African American, or Asian, and the percentage of chi ldren ages five to seventeen in families li ving in poverty for any particular school district. The econometric model used to predict ITBS score · had five coeffic ients s ignificantly different from zero at the 5% level. These coefficients were for the variables Minori ty, Attendance, Poverty, Experience, and Enrollment. AdditionaJ !y, the coefficient for the PPExpenditure variable was statistically significant at the 10% level. The coefficient for the Dropout variable was significant at the 11 % level. The Enrollment variable's coefficient was fou nd to be upwardly biased, because some of the lower performing high enrollment school districts were left out of the study because of parti cipation rate problems. This stud y fou nd the most important predictors of student achievement (as measured by ITBS scores) were the socio economic status of the students and the students' attendance rates. Socio economic status was measured by a combination of poverty and minority rates in this study. The coefficients for the Attendance, Poverty, and Minority variables were


One of the major goals in power electronics is the integration of the passive and active part of converters, on the same piece of silicon. In this context, our laboratory works on magnetic components integration. To have the right dimensioning of these components, we firstly have to choose the best topology regarding losses. The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between three circular topologies of integrated power inductors on silicon-regarding their copper losses. 2D FEA simulations have been made to compare the three topologies, and a complement of the Dowell method has been developed to obtain an analytical formulation of copper losses for the structure called 0LT in this paper (copper spiral sandwiched between two magnetic plates).


Objective. We monitored the fetal heart rate (FHR) during amniocentesis in fetuses at 16–18 weeks of gestation and investigated whether an abnormal FHR is associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Methods. This prospective study involves 807 women at 16–18 weeks of gestation who underwent genetic amniocentesis. The FHR, expressed as beats for minute, is recorded before (FHR1), immediately after (FHR2) and 60 min after (FHR3) the invasive procedure. Structural malformations detected by ultrasound and multiple pregnancy are excluded from the study. Results. Chromosomal abnormalities have been diagnosed in 27 fetuses. A mean FHR decrease after amniocentesis has been observed in normal and in abnormal fetuses. The mean variation during amniocentesis is significant in both groups (P < 0.01). The comparison between the mean FHR of the two groups shows no differences in FHR1 and FHR2 (P > 0.05) but a significant difference in FHR3 (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The FHR decreases after amniocentesis; the decrease is larger in chromosomally abnormal fetuses than in normal fetuses. This difference in heart rate reaction to amniocentesis might be due to cardiac defects or developmental delay associated with the abnormal karyotype.


In order to improve the speed of terrain selection algorithm and minimize the sensitivity of the selection rules to reference error,derived from the meaning and property of entropy,the terrain entropy was defined based on the elevation information which was used to weigh the amount of information that the different terrain involved.Based on this,the algorithm of terrain selection based on terrain entropy was introduced.The simulation result shows the algorithm's performance is demonstrated well.


The paper is about the hardware circuit working principle of meter based on the low voltage power line carrier. It regards electric power line as to deliver the message, to finish communication between a customer and the main station of data processing, describes the working principle of the CS5460A the modem made by SC1128.


. Based on the density functional theory and the Boltzmann transport theory, the thermoelectric properties of Mg 2 Si 1 − x Sn x solid solution with x = 0 . 25 , 0 . 5 and 075 were investigated. The calculated structural parameters were in good agreement with the previous work and the mechanical and dynamical stabilities were confirmed. The electronicbandstructurecomputedusingtheTran-Blaha-modifiedBeckeandJohnson(TB-mBJ) exchange potential indicated that the band gap can be tuned by the alloy effect. We combined first-principles calculations and the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory by considering the electronic transport in the Mg 2 Si 1 − x Sn x solid solution to determinetheeffect of varyingtheSncompositiononthethermoelectricperformance. Our results haveshownexcep-tionally high electrical conductivity for Mg 2 Sn and higher Seebeck coefficient for Mg 2 Si. The highest figure of merit (ZT) was predicted for Mg 2 Si 1 − x Sn x solid solution with x = 0 . 5 where ZT has reached 0.55 with carrier concentration charge n = 10 20 cm − 3 (p-type doping) at intermediate temperatures. Consequently, the alloying system with p-type doping may improve the thermoelectric properties compared to the Mg 2 Si and Mg 2 Sn pristine compounds.


This paper briefly describes three projects developed at the Active Structures Laboratory of ULB, in connection with precision mechanics. The first one considers the integration of piezoelectric fibers in composite structures for space applications; the second consists of an active piezoelectric bimorph mirror for adaptive optics, and the third considers the vibration isolation of sensitive payloads in spacecraft.


A foliation on a compact manifold is uniform if each pair of leaves of the induced foliation on the universal cover are at finite Hausdorff distance from each other. We study uniform foliations with Reeb components. We give examples of such foliations on a family of closed $3-$manifolds with infinite fundamental group. Furthermore, we prove some results concerning the behavior of a uniform foliation with Reeb components on general $3-$manifolds.


In France the main event of this Shakespeare anniversary year is a marathon staging of the three plays of Henry VI by a very young cast, La Piccola Familia, a company created by Thomas Jolly (now aged 32) and some of his friends after they graduated from Rennes Drama School in 2006. The project started in 2010 with six or seven actors playing the first two Acts of 1Henry VI, a performance lasting two hours, so already a lengthy enterprise for a short text. Their ultimate aim was to perform the whole of the trilogy in a few years the idea of adding Richard III was soon abandoned. So they were ready to embark on a completely oversized theatrical "saga", as they call it. They won the support of the National Theatre of Cherbourg, in Normandy (Le Trident, www.trident-sn.com), and thus "Cycle 1", premiered in Cherbourg on January 17 2012, then toured in Normandy and Brittany, sometimes playing in very small venues, or at best in regional theatres, where they received unanimous acclaim. Due to favourable reviewing in the local and then the national press, and the "likes" of many Facebook Friends (the number growing by the day), the play has now reached the Parisian stage with equally great success. For the time being, "Cycle 1" is staged split into episodes 1 and 2. Each episode is in fact a full play of over three hours with an interval, the average norm in France for a performance. At week-ends the two episodes are staged in continuity with a longer interval of an hour (indeed this project also involves the catering arrangements for a few hundred people), showing that the spectators are most willing to attend a seven-hour theatrical experience. "Cycle 1" corresponds to 1Henry VI and 2Henry VI Acts 1 to 3. "Cycle 2" will include the end of Henry VI and the whole of 3Henry VI, split into yet another two episodes. So the integral version of the trilogy should last for over fifteen to sixteen hours in all. As in 2009 they had won a prize for one of their first productions at OdéonThéâtre de l'Europe in Paris, "Cycle 1" was originally scheduled there by the director, Olivier Py. However, it was cancelled when Py's mandate came to a sudden end. It was a hard blow for the company; nevertheless, they went on with their project even in the absence of this national perspective. Exactly two years after "Cycle 1" was premiered in Cherbourg, and although they wanted to keep away from the "pressure of Paris", they


Lota M. Spell of the Advisory Board of Texas Historians wrote Mrs. Will Williams concerning the installation of a historical marker at John Simpson Chisum's home in Denton County.


Based upon the color-dipole picture, we provide closed analytic expressions for the longitudinal and the transverse photoabsorption cross sections at low values of the Bjorken variable of x<0.1. We compare with the experimental data for the longitudinal-to-transverse ratio of the (virtual) photoabsorption cross section and with our previous fit to the experimental data for the total photoabsorption cross section. Scaling in terms of the low-x scaling variable eta(W^2,Q^2) is analyzed in terms of the reduced cross section of deep inelastic scattering.


From the Introduction. One of the striking characteristics of France's economic performance since the beginning of
the present decade has been the strength of the external accounts. In particular, on the basis
of national accounts data, since 1989 the current account and the non-energy trade balance
have recorded rising surpluses, which in 1996 amounted to 1.7 % of GDP and to close to 1.5
% of GDP, respectively. The service balance, on the other hand, has registered persistent
surpluses which averaged between 1 and 1.4 percent of GDP in the 1990s. The largest
component of merchandise trade is trade in manufactured goods1. The balance on
manufacturing trade recorded surpluses throughout the period following the 1973 oil crisis to
the late 1980s. The manufacturing trade balance slipped into deficit in the period 1987-1991
but subsequently moved into surplus which rose to almost 1 % of GDP in 1996. Graph 1
presents quarterly data on the evolution of these variables from the beginning of the 1970s to
the end of 1996; data adjusted for inflation present a similar picture. It is clear that since
movements in the current account are dominated by movements in the non-energy and, in
particular, in the manufacturing trade balance throughout this period the sources of the
current account improvement in the 1990s are likely to be those explaining the improvement
of the manufacturing trade balance.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence of word of mouth and brand image on the decision to use Grab Food services in Bengkulu City. This research uses quantitative research methods, where research data contains numbers and is analyzed using statistics. With a sample of 100 respondents, respondents were given several statements about the influence of word of mouth and brand image on the decision to use Grabfood services. Simultaneous  Hypothesis testing, Fratio value is 75,537 with probability value (sig.) = 0.000. meaning that the significance value is less than the probability value of 0.05 or the value (sig.) 0.000 < 0.05, then Ha is accepted. This means that the variable Word of Mouth (X1) , Brand image (X2) both have a positive and significant effect on the Decision to Use Grab Food Services in Bengkulu City.


This article explores the remarkable shift toward new literate uses of vernacular languages in the early modern Ottoman empire. It argues that this vernacularization occurred independently of Western European (and, more specifically, German romantic) influences. It explores, first, how vernacular languages like modern Greek, Armenian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Turkish, Kurdish, and Albanian acquired a new status as a medium of high literature and learning; second, it argues that this process was accompanied by the equally novel phenomenon of writing vernacular grammars, which promoted vernaculars as both an object of knowledge and an object of governmental concern. Thus, the early modern Ottoman empire sees both a vernacularization and the governmentalization of language. Similar patterns, it will be argued, can be found in early modern German, Russian, and Urdu, without any one language or region clearly being the sole origin or cause of this process. Hence, this wave of virtually simultaneous vernacularizations poses new questions for theories of modern nationalism and of the role of the modern humanities in them.


Two decades ago, Alexander Chudnovsky proposed a physics-based model for the process zone surrounding the tip of a slowly propagating crack, which conspicuously improves on the phenomenological Dugdale-Barenblatt model (Chudnovsky [1,2]). In the following years, that model was successfully applied—under drastic simplifying hypotheses—by Chudnovsky and coworkers (Huang et al. [3], Stojimirovic et al. [4], Chudnovsky et al. [5], Wen et al. [6]). Recent advances in configurational mechanics (DiCarlo & Quiligotti [7], DiCarlo [8,12], DiCarlo et al. [9–11]) make it now possible to develop Chudnovsky's model into a full-fledged field theory, freeing it from all simplistic hypotheses.


The statistical parameters include high order image statistics like skewness which describe the shape and symmetry of the image. SAR images data are the result of a coherent imaging system that produces the impair noise fact. Image segmentation is the process of unscrambling or grouping an image into different parts. The good feat of recognition algorithms based on the quality of segmented image. The main problem in SAR image application is correct segmentation. In this paper, we consider the problem of SAR image segmentation by a statistical parameter.


We present a sparse preconditioner for efficient iterative solution of large dense linear systems that arise in radar cross section computations for a perfectly conducting scatterer using a high-order surface integral equation algorithm. The algorithm allows the linear systems to be assembled efficiently but overall efficiency of the method can only be achieved using iterative solvers with an appropriate preconditioner. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our preconditioner for electromagnetic scattering linear systems with tens of thousands of unknowns arising in radar cross section computations for small to medium electromagnetic-sized scatterers.


Objective To explore the Value of CT scan in Spinal damnify.Method We retrospectively reviewed CT scan of 52 Cases with Spinal damnify.Results 5 Cases were Simple bending Compression type,40 Cases were Bursting type,6 Casesfratuye dislocation type.1 Cases were Safety belt type.The following signe were found on CT scan.1Concentric burst fracture of the vertebral body.2Spinal canalnarrowing due to retro positoned fracture pieces.3Fractures of lamina of vertebral arch.4Fractures of transverse process,articular process and/or pedicle of vertebal arch were occasionally accompanied.Conclusion CT scan in showing the Component of the Spinal fracture and its fragments is unrivaled,it has a imporand Value in dagnosis classification,judging the instabillity and narrowing of spinal canal. [


What are the barriers, needs and views of fertility professionals towards using AI based decision tools in clinical practice?

 There is an overall positive view towards using AI. The low implementation of AI in clinical practice is resultant of insufficient experience, knowledge and validation.

 Increased use of AI in fertility is aimed at improving clinical decisions and lab techniques by fertility professionals and improving standards of care experienced by patients. Despite the increasing presence of AI in peer-reviewed publications, the real views of fertility professionals regarding AI tools in fertility care are still unknown. Especially, with regards to whether any barriers in implementing these tools are experienced by fertility professionals or whether all required needs are met. This is the first comprehensive study that specifically focuses on understanding the views, needs and barriers faced by fertility professionals regarding utilising AI in fertility clinical practice.

 A structured questionnaire was distributed to 1419 fertility professionals. Respondents received the questionnaire online. In person interactions were also made at the ESHRE conference (2022) to encourage participation. Fertility professionals were identified from the ESHRE members list, with an equal distribution between countries as represented by the number of IVF cycles in those countries. With 144 responses from 37 countries, the response rate was 10%. Responses were collected between 13th May and 14th July 2022.

 The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions, split into 4 sections: (i) the demographics of the participant, (ii) their knowledge of AI, (iii) current use and (iv) unmet needs towards AI in clinical practice. Perceptions were graded (1:Strongly Against, 2:Against, 3:Neutral, 4:For, 5:Strongly For).

 Respondents expressed positive views towards AI in clinical practice as highlighted by fertility professionals having felt more positive towards using 'AI' (average score = 3.9) compared to using 'decision support tools' (3.7,p = 0.002). Most participants had positive/neutral views regarding 'patient confidence towards them when implementing AI decision tools in treatment plans' (77%,n = 125). 78% of participants were intrigued in finding out more about the possible implementation of AI in clinical practice. Contrastingly, only 53% believed that AI could help reduce their clinical burden in decision making (1:7%,2:13%,3:37%,4:40%,5:13%). Age, source of funding and occupation did not affect perceptions. Furthermore, inexperience and lack of knowledge of AI tools were major barriers experienced: 14/29 participants that disagreed with whether utilising AI could reduce clinical burden, had never even used AI tools in the first place. Similarly, 11% indicated discomfort in using AI tools in clinical practice, of whom 79% self-described as having poor knowledge of AI. Evidence and data with improved live birth rate was identified by most respondents (120/144) as the most critical/important unmet need by fertility professionals. The preferred manner of implementation was directly to the equipment used in clinical practice (50%).

 Despite attempts to have invitees' global distribution matching global cycle numbers, the actual respondents did not reflect the proportion of IVF cycles in each country due to an increased response rate from UK, France and Europe and a reduced response rate from China and Asia.

 This is the first study to assess perceptions of fertility professionals towards the use of AI in fertility care, highlighting the need to increase education of fertility professionals and validation standards to support fertility professionals in the responsible use of this new type of technology.

 N/A


Variations of the electronic work function of carburized rhenium foils containing approximately 5 at.% carbon have been observed using the contact potential difference technique. Surface work function was observed to vary between 5.25 and 4.1 eV, with the work function of pure rhenium taken as 5.0 eV. Decrease in work function has been ascribed to the formation of graphitic layers on the surface at temperatures below the temperature of saturated solubility. The high work function surface was observed with all carbon in solution and has been ascribed to the presence of amorphous carbon near the surface.


Santalum album L., is a small ever green tree attaining a height of 12 to 15 m and girth of 1 to 2.4 m in India. It is found distributed all over the country but more than 90% lies in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Rhizospheresoils of sandalwood plants and grasses and non-rhizosphere soils were collected from red sandy loam areas and analysed for microbial load and enzyme activities. Highest population of microorganisms (bacterial, fungal, actinomycetes and Azotobacter) was recorded in sandalwood rhizosphere. Per cent mycorrhizal colonization was also greater in sandal rhizosphere than in grass-rhizosphere soils. However, spore count in soil was higher in grass rhizosphere. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was more in sandal rhizosphere and significantly greater than grass rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils.There was no significant difference in dehydrogenase activity of sandal and grass-rhizosphere, but it was significantly higher than that of non-rhizosphere soils.


This paper discusses the significance and methods to carry out general education about green campus construction to university students,through concept,theory,environment,and so on,in order to help university students to form solid and life-long concept of environment protection,as well as to help universities to construct green campus.It will benifit our students in future work and life,and also has positive effects on social environment protection and saving.


The correlation analysis technique has been widely used as a data processing tool in many research areas. In this paper, the Monte Carlo method and large quantity of numerical computations were employed to acquire a threshold value table of correlation coefficients with high capacity and good stability. With respect to the filtering, the degree of freedom would reduce to 1/x times of the initial, with x being the f n to f p ratio ( f n is the Nyquist frequency and f p the frequency bandwidth passed), which was properly demonstrated by Monte Carlo tests. In addition, two examples of practical data analysis were presented.


Back chronic pain has a multifaceted etiology. Among its main causes they are included those of psychological and social character so as biomedical. There are patients who may achieve enough clinical improvement with bio-medical treatment, but the experience of the professionals who assist these patients confirm that chronic pain is associated to psychological variables that may be a cause or an aggravating factor. Psychology has developed a great number of techniques and procedures for studying and treating this disease. This work has as objective to promote knowledge of emotional variables related to back chronic pain aimed at achieving a comprehensive management in the assisting process. For that specialized bibliography was consulted, books and other, acceded through the main information managers.


By combining lists of carbon stars with the catalogue of open clusters (Alter et al. , 1970), a list of variable carbon stars, being probable members of clusters is given. The number of stars is too small to derive reliable statistics on cluster membership. Too few radial velocities are yet available. Photometric criteria are still too inaccurately known.


Almost half of the individuals with lung cancer will develop central nervous system metastases during the course of their disease. We report a case of an adult female presenting with progressive horizontal diplopia. Neurological examination showed horizontal diplopia in all directions of gaze. Eye movements were disconjugate when looking to the left; there was no abduction of the left eye. Bilateral vertical eye movements and right horizontal eye movements were intact. A cranial computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple lesions in both brain hemispheres suggestive of metastasis. An investigation to search suspected neoplasia of unknown origin was started. Chest CT scan with contrast revealed a large lesion, which was localized in the upper right lobe. An abdominal CT scan showed multiple lesions in the liver. A liver biopsy and the immunohistochemistry were diagnostic of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Three months after, the patient died due to septic shock following pneumonia.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm coordinated confrontation is a hot topic in academic research at home and abroad, and dynamic maneuver decision-making is one of the most important research fields for UAV countermeasures. Aiming at the complexity, uncertainty and confrontation of UAV cooperative confrontation, concepts such as relative advantage degree and advantage coefficient are introduced, and game theory is used as a framework to construct a dynamic non-zero-sum game UAV cluster cooperative confrontation decision-making model, and finally convert it into an optimization problem. On this basis, using the Nash equilibrium solution method of multi-strategy fusion particle swarm algorithm, by introducing adaptive inertia weight and local mutation strategy, while enhancing the diversity of the population, it can ensure the local accurate search ability of the particle swarm. The simulation results of the example are verified. The effectiveness of the proposed model and method is confirmed.


Here we discuss the new effects in the light-atom interaction of an atom and two-colour (ω, 2ω) elliptically polarized femtosecond pump beams. We show that the spectrum of atomic response does not include the signal at summary frequency (ω + 2ω) and its harmonics when the frequency components of the pumping field are counter-rotating and the atom is in s-ground state. In the case when the ground state of the atom is p-state (l = 1), these components vanish in the response spectrum of the longitudinal atomic current. In both cases, the suppression of the summary frequency is accompanied by the suppression of signal at THz frequency.


Purification system exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine in which a catalyst (13) for purifying exhaust gas to cause a reaction between NOX contained in exhaust gas and modified hydrocarbons is disposed within a flue engine exhaust, an area of flow of exhaust gas catalyst (13) for purifying exhaust gas catalyst support (51, 52) of precious metal to generate the modified hydrocarbons, and a surface of a layer ( 53) Basic formed on the surface flow of exhaust gas forms a portion (54) of surface gas flow basic escape around the catalysts (51, 52) of precious metals in the catalyst (13) purification of exhaust gas has the property of reducing NOX contained in exhaust gas if a concentration of hydrocarbon flowing into the catalyst (13) purification of exhaust gas is changed within a predetermined amplitude range and within a predetermined interval of time, and has the property of increasing the amount of storage of NOX contained in exhaust gas if a change period the hydrocarbon concentration becomes longer than the predetermined interval, and the system estimates a capacity for retaining NOX in the exhaust gas in the portion (54) of surface gas flow basic exhaust catalyst (13) for purifying exhaust gas when a control is performed to change the concentration of hydrocarbons flowing into the catalyst (13) purification of exhaust gas within the predetermined range of amplitude and within the predetermined period and when the capacity retention is lower than a predetermined determination value of the holding capacity, makes increase the concentration of hydrocarbons flowing into the catalyst (13) for purifying exhaust gases.


A method frequently employed to optimise the performance of a broadband antenna array processor is to find the set of processor weights which minimises its mean output power subject to linear constraints on the processor weights. These linear constraints determine the frequency response of the array processor in the look direction. To obtain robustness against mismatch between the array look direction and the actual signal direction, derivative constraints can be further imposed. However, derivative constraints corresponding to necessary and sufficient (NS) conditions for a maximally flat spatial power response in the look direction are in general quadratic. This limits their value for real-time processing. This paper presents several simpler derivative constraints. These constraints correspond only to sufficient conditions for maximal flatness but perform almost as well as the NS constraints and are better suited to real-time implementation.<<ETX>>


Iklbot and Jackson (1987) presented a very good sum mary of several aspects of salt-stock configuration and emplacement as applied to the United States Gulf Coast. One aspect of this emplacement is a process they describe as "nested toroidal stream surfaces" (Iklbot and Jack son, 1987, p. 1083. their Figure 11) or toroidal flow. The concept may have been originally suggested by the over turned and even convoluted salt structures observed at the Boulby mine in England (a highly deformed beddedsalt deposit). Concepts about these structures have been expanded upon by experiments, hydrodynamic theory, and further observations. Toroidal-type "swirl" struc tures develop early and are best displayed in salt in the early stages of deformation and diapir rise. My main purpose here is to note that Tiilbot and Jack son (1987) have apphed these toroidal shapes where they do not seem to apply—the mature high-rise diapirs of the Five Island salt stocks of south-central Louisiana. As a result, Iklbot and Jackson have suggested an unlikely origin for the spines in these stocks. They further infer that these toroidal structures should be present in mature-type salt diapirs of the Gulf Coast coastal prov ince; these diapirs have been well explored for petroleum. Tklbot and Jackson (1987, p. 1068) stated that "mature diapirs can form crestal bulbs...". I suggest that these are unlikely assumptions. I have emphasized (for example, Kupfer, 1970a, p. 43, p. 55-56; 1988, p. 14) the distinctly different structural styles within low-rise salt diapirs exemplified by north German diapirs (with toroidal structures, for example Iklbot and Jackson's [1987] Figures 5 and 15) and the high-rise diapirs of coastal Louisiana. The Five Islands (from north to south: Jefferson, Avery, Weeks, Cote Blanche, Belle Isle) are over the deepest part of the Gulf Coast basin (60,000 ft or 18 km) and represent an extreme case of "high rise" above the present mother-salt hori zon. As Iklbot and Jackson have noted (1987, p. 1074, 1084), the salt at the top of these stocks has moved about 19 mi (30 km), is highly refolded, and the flow inside the diapirs is neither homogeneous nor simple. These stocks are complex and have lost or distorted nearly all of their early formed structures. Much of Tklbot and Jackson's experience (and evi dence cited in their paper) has been with salt glaciers, early diapirism, and with the intermediate-rise diapirs of eastern Texas (and northern Louisiana) .These " interme diate" stocks, as might be expected, retain much of the


RATIONAL medicine had its beginning with the Greeks after its transition through Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Hindu, and Chinese channels, but it did not come into its own until it fell into the hands of Hippocrates. It was under the illustrious son of the priest of the Aesculapian temple at Cos and his disciples that medicine laid aside its theurgic and superstitious mantle and began to lay a classical and sound foundation built on observation and experiment. This Hellenic mantle was to be further trimmed by the Hellenistic school at Alexandria. Herophilus, Erasistratus, and, later, Galen and others of the school did much of this work. The miraculous feature of their work is its altrustic nature. Contrast with that the stress that the Romans of a later day laid upon material interests in their pursuit and practice of medicine, thus eclipsing in their efforts the purely scientific spirit of the earlier Greeks. Following the decline of the Roman civilization, the Latin West broke away from Greek science and the hiatus was further widened by the triumph of the Church and the feudal system. Thus, from the fifth to the latter part of the ninth centuries, monastic medicine and faith healing held sway in Latin Europe. But while Western Europe was led astray in the darkest period of civilization, content in contemplation of celestial rewards and of "soul salvation", Islam was established, the result of the spiritual genius of one man. Muhammad (571-632 A.D.) consolidated many Arab tribes into a compact nation which in less than a hundred years became an empire that reached from the Atlantic to the Indus. This same period saw a great upsurge in dissemination of learning and culture, fostered by a rare spirit of tolerance. By the time the Arabs had completed the invasion of Egypt and Persia (637 A.D.), Greek science had lost its originality as exemplified by the Alexandrian school in Egypt. From the third century onward, Syria had adopted the


Paper machine stickies problems mainly result from micro stickies in the pulp suspension.Good stickies control requires to decrease the amount of the micro stickies,and to inhibit the increase of their particle sizes.This paper studied the changes in the form of micro stickies in the papermaking process by flow cytometry.The study showed that the concentration of micro stickies was reduced with addition of either bentonite or fixatives in pulp.However,bentonite could decrease the particle sizes of stikies at the same time,while fixatives may cause an increase in the particle sizes.


The final public conference aiming to disseminate the main results and outputs of the IMAGE project was organized by UCM partner on February 5 th 2020 at the Complutense University of Madrid, in Madrid, Spain. The conference was advertised using different communication channels, namely mailing lists, scientific networks, the IMAGE website and social media. The conference was entitled "Gene banks for animal genetic resources: what's new?" and it was attended by 141 participants, coming from 35 different countries. Although many of the participants were from the academia, several of these were affilliated to other types of stakeholders, namely genebank managers, local breed managers and governance stakeholders from different countries. This broad audience, gathering participants from various countries, was attracted by the very informative program presenting the new knowledge and tools generated by the IMAGE project, which included new technologies for reproduction, better understanding of the value of genetic diversity, in relation with phenotypic variation and conservation strategies, genomic tools for genebank managers with the IMAGE SNP array, the IMAGE diversity browser, the IMAGE portal for genebank managers, and new software to enhance the use of gene bank collections. Overall, the program was composed by six sessions and a total of 18 oral presentations and 14 posters. The video recording of the conference presentations is available through the IMAGE website.


Recently, new trends in robotics have proposed variable stiffness actuators (VSA) as an alternative to the classical actuator design, based on a rigid coupling between motors and actuated joints. These novel technologies ask for novel control and planning strategies. In the present paper we consider the problem of motion planning for a specific class of VSA. This class, named passive noise rejecting VSA (pnrVSA) is capable of rejecting noise without explicitly resorting to feedback. Passive noise rejecting actuators call for new planning and control strategies. In this paper we apply an open-loop control obtained as the solution of a stochastic optimal control problem solved with path integral (PI) approach. Specific focus is on obtaining a feedback-free numerical solution which emphasizes the peculiar characteristics of the pnrVS actuator. The proposed numerical technique is applied to control a two-DOF manipulator equipped with pnrVS actuators. It is shown that stochastic optimal control can successfully simulate an highly unstable task consisting of pushing against an unstable wall in presence of instability and noise. The proposed task is reminiscent of real tasks such as screwing and carving.


The hlyA of Listeria monocytogenes was amplified by PCR and ligated with pMD18-T vector.The recombinant plasmid obtained was certified by PCR,restriction endonucleases analysis and sequencing.A prokaryotic expression plasmid, named pGEX-hlyA was constructed subsequently.After induced by IPTG,the expression product was tested by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.The result showed that 82 Ku fusion protein was recognized by positive serum against Listeria monocytogenes,and the protein could lyse swine red cell.The above results suggest that the Listeria monocytogenes hlyA was successfully expressed in E.coli,providing a solid foundation to develop indirect ELISA for diagnosis of this disease.


Received 10 September 2014; accepted for publication 22 September 2014. A 49-year-old current smoker was admitted for acute anterior myocardial infarction (panel A). Primary angioplasty of the occluded left anterior descending artery was performed via a radial approach (panel B). Physical examination found a weaker femoral pulse than the pulse in the arms or the neck. Blood pressure was 153/87 mmHg and 143/79 mmHg in the right and left arm and 112/76 mmHg and 115/69 mmHg in the right and left Newly diagnosed aortic coarctation in a 49-year-old man presenting with acute anterior myocardial infarction


ABSTRACT The sensitivity of adult and larval Alaskan shrimp and crabs to the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of Cook Inlet crude oil was measured by tests using 96-hour static bioassays at the water termperatures that these animals normally encounter. Larval crustaceans were found to die more slowly than adults, making it necessary to measure sensitivity in terms of concentrations causing moribundity (death imminent) instead of in terms of concentrations causing death during exposure. The cessation of all motion and reaction was found to indicate moribundity in adults, and the cessation of swimming was found to indicate morbundity in larvae exposed for 96 hr. Ninety-six-hour LC50's for moribundity for stage I larvae ranged from 0.95 to 1.8 ppm depending on species, while 96-hr LC50's for adults ranged from 1.9 to 4.2 ppm oil. Sensitivities for stage I-VI larvae of coonstripe shrimp ranged between 0.24 ppm and 1.9 ppm. Larvae were more sensitive to oil than adults. The sensitivity of larvae depended on specie...


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and it has a substantial genetic basis. Recent AD genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) continue to expand the number of loci that are significantly associated with AD; however, how those loci confer risk for AD remains unclear. Here, we addressed this problem by integrating 376 deep human brain proteomes and 888 human brain transcriptomes with recent AD GWAS results to identify genes, transcripts, and proteins that likely contribute to AD pathogenesis.


Within the compressed gas diving arena there is a risk of cerebral damage with deleterious neuropsychological sequelae in association with decompression illness (DCI), hypoxia, gas toxicity, as well as the cumulative subclinical effect of 'silent' paradoxical gas embolisms, the last being an area of growing concern. However, within diving medicine there is little evidence of the regular use of neuropsychological evaluation to monitor brain-related sequelae of frequent diving activity. In contrast, in recent years there has been an explosion of interest in the management of sports concussive injury, including emphasis on the pivotal role of neuropsychological evaluation within that context. Taking the cue from sports concussion medicine, it is proposed that there is an urgent need to incorporate neurocognitive baseline and follow-up screening as a core component in the medical management of those involved in intensive commercial and recreational compressed air diving activities. The objective would be to facilitate (i) accurate neurodiagnostic follow-up of frank DCI or an identifiable hypoxic or toxic incident; (ii) timeous identification of cumulative deleterious effects of repetitive subclinical hypoxic/toxic incidents and/or 'silent' paradoxical gas embolisms that might affect them in later life; and (iii) disability assessment following any such events or the combination thereof for rehabilitation and compensation purposes.


OBJECTIVE
To develop a method for determination of creatinine in human urine by isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

METHODS
The urine samples were directly diluted 800 fold by mixed solution of methanol and water( 7 ∶ 3, V/V), and filtered with 0. 45 μm filter. The chromatographic separation was carried on an Atlantis Hilic Silica column( 2. 1 mm × 150 mm, 3 μm). Methanol and water mixture solution( 7 ∶ 3, V/V) were used as the mobile phases in an isocratic gradient. Mass detection was then conducted by electrospray ionization in positive ion( ESI+) mode and multiple reaction monitoring( MRM) mode. The concentration of creatinine was quantified by stable isotope labelled d3-creatinine internal standard. Standard reference material of urine creatinine was used to evaluate the accuracy of method, and then the uncertainty of this detection method was also evaluated.

RESULTS
The calibration curve of creatinine showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0. 31 μg/mL to 5. 00 μg/mL, and the related coefficient was 0. 999 9. The limit of detection( LOD) and limit of quantitation( LOQ) were 0. 003 mg/mL and 0. 011 mg/mL respectively, in real urine. Recoveries rates at two levels were 93. 9%-104. 0% and 90. 6%-93. 8%, with the relative standard deviation of 4. 4%-7. 6% and 4. 6%-7. 8%( n = 6), respectively. The creatinine concentration of standard reference material was in accordance with the reference value. The measurement uncertainty was mainly due to standard curves, recoveries rates and permissible error of instrument.

CONCLUSION
The determination method is successfully applied to measure the concentration of creatinine in human urine with efficiency, accuracy and high sensitivity.


ABSTRACT Aim: SOMPAS investigated the clinical practice of symptomatic CIA management in AT and CH. Methods: Design: multi-center, prospective NIS. Eligibility: adults with CRC, BC or LC and ≥3 cycles of planned CT in combination with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). 1° objective: adherence to EORTC guidelines and ESA label. 1° outcome: Hb threshold at ESA initiation; 2° outcomes: Hb trajectory, ESA treatment patterns, red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs), iron supplementation. Hb values within 28 days after RBCTs were excluded. Results: 270/273 enrolled pts were analyzed (3 received no ESA). Median age at baseline (BL) was 64.0 yrs (range 33-86) and 67% of pts were female and 12% had ECOG ≥2. Tumors: 47% BC, 37% LC, 21% CRC; 81% stage III-IV disease. CT use: 36% platinum, 22% taxane, 15% anthracycline, 58% other; 77% palliative intent. Most frequent anemia symptoms at BL: 72% fatigue, 19% pallor, 16% respiratory distress, 15% depression, 29% other. Indications for ESA use by Hb target ( Hb outcomes: Hb range at ESA initiation 9-11 g/dL (EORTC)a ≤10 g/dL (label) 71% (n = 191) 49% (n = 132) Mean Hb (95% CI) ESA initiation (n = 270) ESA end of treatmentb (n = 241) 10.2 g/dL (10.1-10.3)c 10.9 g/dL (10.7-11.1)c Hb >10 g/dLd 90% (n = 243) aexcludes pts with Hb >11-11.9 g/dL and declining Hb trend; blast available Hb value; cdifference statistically significant [non-overlapping CIs]; din ≥1 cycle Conclusions: ESAs were used as per EORTC guidelines in 71% of pts, 51% of pts were initiated at Hb >10g/dL. Pts achieved a significant increase in Hb during ESA treatment; 90% had a Hb >10 g/dL. A large proportion of pts avoided RBCTs while treated with an ESA. Disclosure: G. Delmore: declares to be a member of the Amgen advisory board; C. Jaeger, C. Bast and I. Pezzani: declares to be an Amgen employee and to hold Amgen stock; M. Schmid: declares to be a member of the Amgen advisory board. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The human auditory system possesses intelligence characteristics such as the ability to extract information from multiple voice signals, and these characteristics correlate with brain function. If the relation between auditory intelligence and brain status can be identified, it will be possible to evaluate brain status according to auditory intelligence. At present there are no integrated measurement and evaluation standards for auditory intelligence. We present a method for the measurement of auditory intelligence based on discontinuous audio signals


Some measures to promote the food service levels and operation in universities are proposed from the qualities of managers and emotional management of employees.


A term that actually refers to two different types of device, the dc SQUID and the rf SQUID. The dc…


The application of new technologies in training environments allows the development of new teaching modalities that enable knowledge and ability acquisition in healthcare professionals. Simulation has proven to be an effective method to favor and improve learning as well as to attain the necessary skills to perform a specific technique with greater reliability and security for the patient. We present a new tool or technological development in medical training, through an ultrasound simulator, valid for the knowledge and necessary ability acquisition in the proper infiltration of botulinum toxin guided by ultrasound. This tool benefits from the advantages that new technologies bring when applied in medical training, offering a virtual setting, comfortable and accessible, that does not require the user to move or have access to an ultrasound machine, allowing ultrasound explorations without the existence of a real patient.


The ability to rapidly execute a high-fidelity turbine engine simulation is essential in automating data validation processes during developmental engine testing. Further, execution of a simulation in real time enables validation of the data stream concurrently with data acquisition. Component-level turbine engine simulations provide high-fidelity, steady-state, and time-accurate engine performance computations but are not typically applied in a real-time environment. An approach for distributing a component-level simulation task in a parallel computing environment in an effort to achieve real-time operation is the subject of this paper. A turbine engine simulation was restructured to operate in a parallel computing environment and tested to quantify the impact on simulation fidelity and execution time. A software acceptance test was designed to measure the scalability and integrity of the approach. The results from the software acceptance test confirmed the viability of the parallel simulation approach and guided the formulation of refinements for future improvements. The approach, results of the software acceptance test, and direction of future work are summarized herein. Introduction Turbine engine testing at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) is conducted to evaluate engine operation at a wide variety of power conditions and simulated altitude conditions. Thousands of sensors, each producing measurements at rates in excess of 100 samples per second, are typically installed in the engine and test facility to measure aerothermodynamic performance. Consequently, a typical 8-hr test can produce 500 million samples of aerothermodynamic performance data. The challenge is to ensure the validity of the data, monitor the condition of the engine, and to identify anomalies promptly. The countless variations of steady-state and transient engine operation and the necessity to delineate between sensor anomalies and abnormal engine deterioration, combined with the large volume of data, overwhelm the capabilities of traditional data validation methods. Although traditional methods produce meaningful results, they are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Consequently, application of the methods is typically restricted to a fraction of the available data, which diminishes the ability to detect anomalous data and intermittent events. An approach was developed for a fast, comprehensive, and automated data valida* The research reported herein was performed by the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), Air Force Materiel Command. Work and analysis for this research were performed by personnel of Sverdrup Technology, Inc., AEDC Group, technical services contractor for AEDC. Further reproduction is authorized to satisfy needs of the U. S. Government. This paper is declared a work of the U. S. government and not subject to copyright protection in the United States. tion process. The process consists of several analysis and modeling methods which together provide a real-time model-based data validation tool. The methods include an event detection system, a rule-based expert system with more than 150 checks, and an engine model-based fault detection and diagnostic system (Fig. 1). The engine model-based element of the system relies on a component-level turbine engine model (CLM) which employs fundamental physical laws to relate measurements to each other. The CLM is an industry-accepted method1-3 for simulating the aero-thermodynamic performance of turbine engines, but it is not typically used when real-time simulation is required. However, the CLM provides the level of accuracy and detail required for data validation and fault diagnosis. Other turbine engine modeling methods are available but may compromise accuracy and detail to increase execution speed.4 Furthermore, the CLM is more easily adapted to frequent engine changes that are expected during development cycles. The CLM must process each data sample at speeds that match or exceed the data sampling rate since it is an element of an automated process that monitors a data stream whose measurements vary continuously. Otherwise, a backlog of data samples grows while waiting for earlier data samples to be processed. A "real-time" processing rate is defined as a rate that matches the sampling rate. An additional requirement for a rate that exceeds the "real-time" rate addresses an offline need to process recorded data in a time span that is shorter than the duration of the test. For example, a 4-hr data tape, off-loaded from a test vehicle, can be processed in less than 4 hours. The challenge is to implement a computing strategy that enables the CLM to execute in real time or less. Parallel computing was selected as a strategy to provide real-time execution. This strategy also can be scaled up, allowing extension to offline "faster than real-time" applications. A temporal decomposition of a time-accurate turbine engine CLM is proposed in which the CLM is replicated on multiple computer processors (CPU) within a high-performance multipleCPU computer. Each CPU processes a set of time-synchronized data samples as other sets are processed on additional CPU's. Although spatial decomposition is effective for computational fluid dynamic (CFD) applications,5 previous CLM work suggests that spatial decomposition of a CLM is ineffective.6,7 Additionally, temporal decomposition of a CLM is more easily distributed to an increasing number of CPU's. The objective of this work is to provide an automated, real-time, model-based test data validation computer code. The CLM is one element of an approach to permit comprehensive validation of test data. Each element, including the CLM, is subject to standard software development practices including Software Acceptance Testing (SAT), Alpha-testing, and Beta-testing prior to a production release. The subject of this paper is the parallel implementation strategy for the time-accurate CLM. Results of the SAT and recommended refinements to the strategy are also discussed. Fig. 1. Real-time model-based data validation system. 20,000 SAMPLES PER SECOND ENGINE MODEL


We present a widely applicable approach for the preparation of Pd-complexes supported on silica-based mesoporous and laminar inorganic solids (silica gel, purely siliceous and acidic MCM-41, and delaminated zeolites ITQ-2 and ITQ-6) which involves the use of the Schiff bases 2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-6{(E)-[(2S)-1-(1-arylmethyl)pyrrolidinyl]imino}methylphenol (aryl=phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl) as anchored ligands. As an extension of our research in "recyclable catalytic systems" we report results demonstrating the reactivity and recyclability of these systems for the Heck reaction (in a biphasic mode using ethylene glycol and toluene) and Suzuki coupling under phosphine-free conditions. The complexes are insensitive to oxygen or moisture, and no change of their activity was observed when exposed to an open system during the usual operation. No palladium black was observed after an extended reaction time and no residual palladium was detected from the filtrate at the end of the reaction.


Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea(Received on May 6, 2011; Revised on June 4, 2011; Accepted on June 14, 2011)Previously, we identified the 20S proteasome α-subunitof Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) induced during ap-pressorium formation, and detected an increase inmultiple protein ubiquitination during the early ap-pressorium formation process (Kim et al., 2004). In thisstudy, we further attempted to determine whether theproteasome is involved in the appressorium formationof M. oryzae both in vitro and in planta, using protea-some inhibitors. A significant increase in 20S proteasomeduring fungal germination and appressorium formationwas observed using Western blot analysis with 20Sproteasome antibody, demonstrating that proteasome-mediated protein degradation was involved in appre-ssorium formation. Pharmacological analysis usingproteasome inhibitors, MG-132, proteasome inhibitor I(PI) and proteasome inhibitor II (PII) revealed thatgermination and appressorium formation were delayedfor 4 to 6 h on rice leaf wax-coated plates. Similarly, thetreatment of proteasome inhibitors with fungal conidiaon the rice leaf surface delayed appressorium formationand host infection processes as well. Additionally, fungalpathogenicity was strongly reduced at 4 days' post-fungal infection. These data indicated that the fungal20S proteasome might be involved in the pathogenicityof M. oryzae by the suppression of germination andappressorium formation.Keywords : Appressorium formation, Magnaporthe oryzae ,Pathogenicity, Proteasome inhibitor, 20S proteasomeRice blast fungus, which is caused by the filamentousfungus Magnaporthe oryzea, is the most serious disease infood-source cultivar rice. M. oryzae conidia begin theirgermination after landing on the hard cell surfaces of thehost, given appropriate temperature and humidity condi-tions. Then, an infection-related structure, the appre-ssorium, differentiates from the germ tube tip within a fewhours (Hoch et al., 1987). This dome-shaped cell couldaccumulate proteins and enzymes, and generate mechanicalforce to break down the cell wall structure of the host(Howard et al., 1991; Park et al., 2009). This fungalappressorium formation process is the initial stage in hostpenetration, which is essential for host infection. Previousreports have demonstrated that chemicals or physical signalscould interfere with fungal germination and appressoriumformation, including cutin monomers, nitrogen or carbonstarvation stress, surface hardness, hydrophobicity of theleaf cuticle, and exogenous cAMP (Dickinson et al., 1977;Dick et al., 1979; Gilbert et al., 1996; Jelitto et al., 1994;Lee et al., 1993; Lee et al., 1994; Xiao et al., 1994). cAMP,a signal compound, induces appressorium formation on anon-inductive plate (Lee et al., 1993). To evaluate themolecular mechanisms of fungal appressorium formation,serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was carried outto evaluate the formation of M. oryzae appressoria triggeredby cAMP (Irie et al., 2003). Twenty eight tags were highlyinduced during the appressorium formation process, includ-ing pathogenicity-related genes, subtilisin-like protease,MPG1, and MAS. Later, a proteomics analysis was con-ducted to identify the differentially-regulated proteinsinvolved in M. oryzae appressorium formation (Kim et al.,2004). Changes in protein patterns during rapid progress ingermination and appressorium formation were observedunder inductive and non-inductive conditions. The majorproteins significantly induced in appressorium developmentwere the 20S proteasome family proteins (Kim et al., 2004).The 20S proteasome, a subunit of the 26S proteasome, wasinitially detected in Thermoplasma acidophilum (Dahlmannet al., 1989). The proteasomes are large multi subunit pro-tease complexes, which operate in particular via the ubi-quitin-proteasome pathway, and selectively degrade intra-


The invention relates to a preparation method of charcoal and the charcoal. The preparation method comprises the following steps: using sawdust, branches, rice husks, peanut shells, walnut shells, ageratina adenophora, and wastes such as crop straw as raw materials, smashing, drying, performing extrusion forming, carbonizing and the like, and finally obtaining the rodlike charcoal. The charcoal has the advantages of being long in burning time, larger in heating value, smokeless and odorless in the burning process, clean and environment-friendly, and having low possibility of spark flying in the burning process.


Based on the brief introduction of the development history of storage technologies,this paper points out grid storage combines the advantages of network storage technology and grid computing technology,and it is an effective way to solve the problem.The paper deals with some key technologies which the grid storage technology must solve and shows the prospective of the grid storage technology.


The invention discloses a test instrument grounding detection warning device which comprises a box. A control panel is arranged in the box, a power connection port and a power switch which are electrically connected are arranged on the control panel, a grounding detection module electrically connected with the power switch, a grounding lead-in conductor connected to the input end of the grounding detection module, and warning device bodies connected to the output end of the grounding detection module are further arranged on the control panel, the grounding detection module is a grounding resistor detection module and comprises an alternating current coupling amplifying circuit and a multivibrator circuit, the grounding lead-in conductor is electrically connected with the alternating current coupling amplifying circuit of the grounding detection module, and the warning device bodies are electrically connected with the multivibrator circuit of the grounding detection module. The test instrument grounding detection warning device is simple in detection module circuit structure, high in sensitivity and accuracy, compact in overall structure, convenient to carry and suitable for rapidly detecting various electrical devices and test instruments in power construction and installation.


George et al. report their experience with a nontransplant left ventricular assist device program. This manuscript spans a decade's experience with LVADs and clearly demonstrates that LVAD therapy is possible in centers without a heart transplant program. One hundred LVADs were placed during this period. The positive findings from this report include that as volume increased, the complications of right heart dysfunction and bleeding decreased. Noteworthy is that 85 of the 100 patients were implanted with a fully magnetically levitated ventricular assist device. Given the superior performance of a fully magnetically levitated device to a rotary pump, these findings are relevant for all contemporary centers with LVAD programs. The authors importantly sought the resources of a transplant center to ensure that patients who were offered LVAD in their nontransplant center were indeed not candidates for cardiac transplantation. In addition to this fundamental necessity, three features are necessary for a successful nontransplant LVAD program. First, the institution must offer robust infrastructure and support. Second, there must be a strong surgeon‐leader dedicated to overseeing the program. Finally, cardiologists who are dedicated to heart failure are essential to guide patients in this therapy. The extension of LVAD therapy to patients in nontransplant centers is essential for durable mechanical circulatory support to remain as a vital part of advanced therapies for heart failure. VADs will continue to play an important role in the management of end‐stage heart failure for patients who are not eligible for cardiac transplantation. The 2020 Society of Thoracic Surgeons INTERMACs report now offers patients a 5‐year survival of 45%. The survival of patients with LVADs continues to increase. The data in this current report offer a new perspective and increased access to LVAD therapy for patients with end‐stage heart failure.


A new way of generating negative group-velocity dispersion in a Ti:sapphire laser is demonstrated. The mathematical formulae of the optical path length and the negative group-velocity dispersion in a singleprism system are given. Both of the theoretical analyses and the experimental results show that the group-velocity dispersion is directly proportional to the distance between the prism and the Ti:sapphire crystal, and the amount of the negative group-velocity dispersion generated by a single-prism system may approach that generated by a pair of prisms.


This discussion is chiefly concerned with the creation and alteration of narratives and is divided into three sections. The first section is concerned with narratives as subjective representations of reality by displaying the mechanism in action with reference to Walter Benjamin. The second section considers the interaction of conflicting narratives, arguing that the discordance annihilates both in a negative dialectic as theorized by Theodor Adorno. The final section is a normative analysis which argues that historical inquiry and dissenting historical perspectives are invaluable to the development of a dynamic human society.


A moving target tracking filter using images extracted from a fixed camera attached to a flying platform is proposed. The often conflicting objectives to optimally control the platform motion and to maintain a target in the field of the view of the non-gimbled camera are addressed using the estimation filter that combines a cubic spline technique with a Sigma Point Kalman Filter (SPKF). The spline technique is used to predict the target motion as measurment of target velocities is often not available and the SPKF is adopted to deal with nonlinear nature of the sensing process. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed target tracking filter through simulations and compare its results using those of two other commonly used filtering methods.


In the title compound, C18H20N2O2, the conformations of the N—H and C=O bonds in the C—NH—C(O)—C segments are anti to each other and the amide O atom is anti to the H atoms attached to the adjacent C atoms. Further, the conformations of the N—H bonds in the amide fragments are anti to the ortho-methyl groups in the adjacent benzene rings. The complete molecule is generated by inversion symmetry. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the NH—C(O)—CH2 segment in the two halves of the molecule is 62.1 (2)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the molecules into sheet-like infinite chains along the a axis.


All signs of phosphorus deficiency such as hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hypophosphaturia and hypercalciura appeared with both high and normal Ca diets though some of them, especially hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia, were aggravated by the high Ca diet. Pigs fed this diet also exhibited decreased density and bending moment of bones without changes in their mineral contents as expressed in percent dry weight. However, ash content relative to bone volume (tibia) was lower and thus, osteoporosis was patent. In addition, higher liver weights and a trend to lower performance were observed with the high Ca diet. It was concluded that harmful effects of phosphorus deficiency are intensified by dietary Ca excess which therefore should not be recommended.


The airflow over the Kashmir Valley for a summer day was studied using a numerical mesoscale model. Srinagar observations were used as initial data. The surface orography, soil moisture variations, cloud cover, and vegetation effects were included in the computations. The combined effect of these factors on the development of atmospheric circulations in the valley was obtained quantitatively, and the three-dimensional model simulated results are compared with available observations. The following principal results were obtained. (a) The simulated surface temperature pattern shows a close correlation with the terrain elevations and prevailing atmospheric stabilities, (b) the intensities of katabatic and anabatic winds developed at the slopes are governed by terrain asymmetries and aspect ratio of the slopes, (c) the boundary layer depths developed at different locations in the valley are found to be nonuniform, and (d) the convergence zone formed during nighttime shows an irregular distribution.


The data of strong motion recordings are very important to the seismology researches,earthquake resistant design theories,and post-earthquake relief decisions of local governments.The channels and polarities of a digital strong motion accelerograph occasionally do not coincide with the ones described by the user guide.In field instrument installing,the channels,polarity and other installation have to be checked.So here we present a simple method to test the polarity,correct connecting,and save files.This method is as like as a 2 minutes operation of pulse testing.


Min-max stochastic optimization is an approach to address the distribution ambiguity of the underlying random variable. We present a unified approach to the problem which utilizes the theory of convex order on the random variables. First, we consider a general framework for the problem and give a condition under which the convex order can be utilized to transform the min-max optimization problem into a simple minimization problem. Then extremal distributions are presented for some interesting classes of distributions. Finally, applications to the single-period inventory control problems are given.


The relevance of the research and the need to develop methods that allow assessing the level of safety of the disposal and destruction of ammunition sites are shown not only at the present time, but also in the future when land reclamation measures are applied. An improved criterion for assessing the safety level of the reclamation process of the lands of the disposal and destruction of ammunition sites was developed based on the use of a regulatory approach, and significant indicators were determined, namely: the probability of an explosion, the amount of excessive pressure in the air shock wave, and the level of degradation of the lands of the disposal and destruction of ammunition sites.
An improved method of assessing the safety level of the process of land reclamation of the disposal and destruction of munitions by using an improved criterion for assessing the safety level of the process has been developed. The proposed method is suitable not only for long-term evaluation, but also for operational safety management of similar objects. The main advantage of the proposed method in comparison with those used today is to take into account the entire complex of active factors of explosion risk and environmental danger, while minimizing the number of significant environmental quality indicators. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to reduce the amount of calculations required for accurate assessment by a set of regulatory criteria, and also simplifies the assessment procedure without loss of accuracy.


Introduces Frederick Douglass in the context of his incident-packed voyage on the Cunard ship Cambria from Boston in August 1845 during which some racist passengers tried to prevent him from delivering a lecture at the invitation of the Captain. Summarising his early experiences, the chapter goes on to explain how Douglass escaped from slavery and, though a fugitive, became a leading antislavery campaigner in Massachusetts and why he and other black abolitionists crossed the Atlantic in the 1830s and 1840s. Douglass would spend nearly two years away from his family in Britain and Ireland, a third of that time in Scotland, and frequently remarked on the relative freedom he enjoyed in public spaces there.


This is a review of the regional (South America) harmful algae blooms associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) phycotoxin producers. This review provides a survey of the most relevant recorded events known to have been caused by microalgae that are PSP producers in this region. The geographical distribution of harmful species of PSP phycotoxins producers in sea and inland fresh water are shown. The variation of molluscs toxicity measured by the mouse bioassay, high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and analysis by liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy of these PSP phycotoxins in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and Venezuela is summarized. I hope this review provides reference material suitable for researchers, students, managers, health professionals, and political authorities. Another goal is to stimulate research in this area to answer critical questions to improve our understanding of PSP-producing harmful algal bloom species and the significant effects that they have upon aquatic systems and our lives in this part of the world.