Problem Statement and Purpose. The world economy has always developed and continues to develop cyclically, which affects the economic development of individual countries and their regions. As a result of cyclical economic development, regions are formed that maintain a progressive or stagnant type of economic development, and some of them, especially during periods of economic crisis, develop a regressive type. Thus, depressed regions or their separate territories appear, the study of which aims to identify in time the territorial disparities and polarizations of different types of the social formation of administrative units and to establish the level of their depression. It should be noted that most of the available scientific achievements concern the study of the territory of Ukraine at the regional level, and not at the subregional (raion) level. Therefore, our research allows us to shed more light on the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, which differs from other regions of Ukraine by its natural-geographical, demographic, ethnic contrast, as well as cross-border and border position, which certainly has a significant impact on depression of regions and cities of regional significance.The purpose of this study is to conduct a socio-geographical assessment of the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, which allows us to learn about the current state of the oblast and its raions in terms of depression, as well as identify possible steps to solve this problem.Data & Methods. To study the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, the following main types were chosen: economic, social, and demographic. For each of these blocks, the main indicators of indicators were determined, according to which a socio-geographical assessment of the level of depression in administrative regions and cities of regional significance was conducted.Having established the rating places for each administrative-territorial unit according to the selected indicators, or their relative values, it was possible to establish the average place of each unit and, accordingly, the level of depression for each of the studied blocks. It was also established the common place of administrative units in the region by all indicators and thus identified different, according to the level of depression, regions.Results. With the help of rating research, the typification of administrative-territorial units of the oblast according to the level of economic, social, demographic, and integral depression was carried out. The most depressed were the agricultural raions of the oblast – Khotyn, and Sokyriany. However, it should be noted that Khotyn raion has the same types of depression in all its components, and in Sokyriany raion the worst is the demographic situation, and the best ‒ the economic one. The lowest level of depression is characteristic of Storozhynets raion, which is explained by its favorable geographical location relative to the oblast center, which contributes to economic and social development, as well as polyethnicity, which strengthens the demographic component.


1. Overview of Main Issues affecting Women and Environment in Brazil 2. The Emergence of a Women's Global Movement on Sustainable Development and its Consequences on Brazil 3. Current strategies for Mobilizing Brazilian Women's Participation and Involvement 4. Concluding Remarks: Perspectives for the Brazilian Women's Participation in Sustainable Development Appendix Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch


The basic equations for computing the volume of gas storage tank were derived from the principles of attenuating water hammer pressure. Verifications using experiments indicate that the proposed equation can provide a fare precision in the predictions. By using the model of solid liquid two phase flow, the gas storage tank, pressure relief valves and slow closure reverse control valves were compared with practical engineering problems, and the functions of gas storage tank in attenuating water hammer pressure were further investigated. [


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
It is widely accepted that changes in the environment affect mean trait expression, but little is known about how the environment shapes intra-individual and intra-population variance. Theory suggests that intra-individual variance might be plastic and under natural selection, rather than reflecting developmental noise, but evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. Here, we experimentally tested whether differences in intrinsic environmental predictability affect intra-individual and intra-population variability of different reproductive traits, and whether intra-individual variability is under selection.

METHODS
Under field-conditions, we subjected Onobrychisviciifolia to more and less predictable precipitation over four generations and four years. We analysed effects on the coefficient of intra-individual (CVi-i) and the coefficient of intra-population variation (CVi-p), assessed whether the coefficients of intra-individual variation (CsVi-i) are under natural selection and tested for transgenerational responses (ancestor environmental effects on offspring).

KEY RESULTS
Less predictable precipitation led to higher CsVi-i and CsVi-p, consistent with plastic responses. The CsVi-i of all studied traits were under consistent stabilizing selection, and precipitation predictability affected the strength of selection and the location of the optimal CVi-i of a single trait. All CsVi-i differed from the optimal CVi-i and the maternal and offspring CVi-i were positively correlated, showing that there was scope for change. Nevertheless, no consistent transgenerational effects were found in any of the three descendant generations, which contrasts with recent studies that detected rapid transgenerational responses in the trait means of different plant species. This suggests that changes in intra-individual variability take longer to evolve than changes in trait means, which may explain why high intra-individual variability is maintained, despite the stabilizing selection.

CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that plastic changes of intra-individual variability are an important determinant of whether plants will be able to cope with changes in environmental predictability induced by the currently observed climatic change.


Described is a method of sample preparation for multiple Guinier Cameras (DeWolff, 1948). This technique practically eliminates cross-contamination of adjacent samples and is easy to employ. Samples for Guinier cameras are usually applied to a thin adhesive coated foil. For multiple Guinier cameras, however, samples pose some technical problems. Manufacturers usually supply a slotted die for sample preparation. Figure 1 shows schematically such a die for a Seifert/Huber camera. For this type of camera, the manufacturer recommends application of the powdered sample by means of a small brush, or by dusting while the adjacent slots are covered by adhesive tape (Seifert, undated). These methods are simple, but easily result in sample being spilled into an adjacent slot. The following method, though involving more steps, eliminates this problem.


Meeting the needs of high performance is determined by leadership and the decisions made by them in running organizations. Strategic leaders' characteristics are significant in the performance of an organization. The objectives of this study were to establish the effect of progress monitoring and analytical thoroughness on the performance of East-Central Africa Division Office of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Literature review was done considering; strategic leadership, the characteristics of strategic leaders, performance indicators, strategic leadership and performance. The study was anchored on participatory leadership theory. A conceptual framework showing the relationships between the independent and dependent variables of the study was projected with a summary of the operationalization of the variables. The researcher used a quantitative survey design. The target population of the study was forty (40) leaders in various levels of the ECD and it was a census study. The response rate was 100%. Data was collected using a questionnaire which was validated and its reliability tested using the Cronbach alpha. Data was analysed by use of descriptive statistics and hypothesis tested by correlation coefficient and regression analysis.  The findings of the study show that analytical thoroughness and monitoring of progress have strong significant effect on performance. The findings will greatly inform future studies on the influence of strategic leaders' characteristics on performance in faith based organizations and finally it will be of great help to the General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and many other Christian based institutions policy makers, when they review and come up with their working policies. The study recommended that ECD top leadership should ensure proper structures are put in place to support progress monitoring. The study further recommended on the focus to facilitating analytical thoroughness by putting in place problem-solving tools in the organization. Finally, the organization may consider young people in the leadership various leadership levels.
Keywords: Progress Monitoring, Analytical Thoroughness, Performance & Seventh-Day Adventist.


It can be seen from the plans showing the general layout that the Maraetai scheme is a very compact one. It was mainly due to the confined space in the gorge that a tunnel spillway was decided on. The design. which combines the spillway with the diversion tunnel, is similar to that used successfully in some of the larger schemes in America,


The scope of problems covered by the term "Learning Difficulties" is reviewed. The requirement to match individual needs with specific treatment is stressed. The traditional role of Osteopathy and Cranial Osteopathy in helping children, and some of the author's reasons for using Applied Kinesiology (A.K) within his osteopathic approach to children is discussed. The contribution of the Irlen Technique for Scotopic Sensitivity (a visual problem) and Audio Integration Training for auditory perceptual problems is raised. It is argued that combined with A.K. techniques which assess structural, mental and chemical elements of the problem, these therapies can contribute additional benefit to the educationally challenged child. Such an approach enables children to obtain the greatest benefits from the special teaching that they receive. Some results of a survey completed by 44 parents of children treated at the practice are summarised.


The rising algebra is a subalgebra of the group algebra of the symmetric group S_n, gotten by lumping together permutations having the same number of rising sequences. This well-known algebra arises naturally when studying riffle shuffles. Here we introduce a number of other subalgebras that arise naturally when studying `ruffles', which are like riffles except that after cutting the deck you turn over the bunch of cards that were on the bottom.
This orphaned draft offers no context or motivation, and uses idiosyncratic notation and terminology that `seemed like a good idea at the time'. We're making it available because it has been cited in this form.


This article is an excerpt from the Master's research entitled "Malaise in teacher work in full-time public school" that addresses the complexity of teacher malaise among teachers in the public school system through the Cidadescola Integral Education Program in the municipality of Presidente Prudente. We aimed to investigate and analyze the working conditions of teachers who work full-time in the refered Program. The qualitative approach was used as the methodological design of the study, more specifically, the field research. As instruments of data collection the questionnaire and the semi-structured interview were used. The data analysis procedure was based on the proposal of Miles, Huberman and Saldaña (2014), systematized through 1) data condensation, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that three categories related to teacher working conditions prevailed, namely: teacher participation in the process of implementation of the Cidadescola Integral Education Program; school infrastructure and teacher work development and organizational, social and economic conditions of teachers. We concluded that teacher working conditions at the Cidadescola Program demand some improvement. It is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between working conditions and effects on teachers' health, suffering at work and teachers' quality of life.


The benefits of open and cooperative systems, popular because of the functionality they offer for sharing resources free of charge, are only achievable if there is an incentive to cooperate, and if participants are able to make effective decisions about the cooperations in which they participate. In this context, the key contribution of this paper is a framework for non-monetary cooperations among self-interested agents, providing non-monetary incentives for service provision and a means to analyse cooperations. The framework is used to support a partner selection mechanism, for decision-making over interaction partners.


AbstractIt has been hypothesized that vegetation phenology may play an important role for the midlatitude climate. This study investigates the impact of interannual and intraseasonal variations in phenology on European climate using regional climate model simulations. In addition, it assesses the relative importance of interannual variations in vegetation phenology and soil moisture on European summer climate.It is found that drastic phenological changes have a smaller effect on mean summer and spring climate than extreme changes in soil moisture (roughly ¼ of the temperature anomaly induced by soil moisture changes). However, the impact of phenological anomalies during heat waves is found to be more important. Generally, late and weak greening has amplifying effects and early and strong greening has dampening effects on heat waves; however, regional variations are found. The experiments suggest that in the extreme hot 2003 (western and central Europe) and 2007 (southeastern Europe) summers the decrease i...


The study investigates the probability of a potential rock slope failure in Okaba coal mine. The lithology of Okaba coal mine comprises of coal, laterite, and shale. The geomechanical


fulfilling prophecies. Whenever their selection of independent variables results primarily from their ideological views, their findings cannot but confirm their initial stances. Social science literature on polygyny, notably in Africa, offers a case in point. Until recently, few scholars saw fit to examine empirically the dilemma posed by Bohannan: "One way of viewing a polygynous situation is to say that two matricentric families are attached to the same male; the other, that two nuclear families share the same husband/father."' In other words, does polygyny enhance female autonomy or ensure male dominance? Some authors assert that the usual effect of polygyny "is obviously to depress the position of women"; others, that this kind of arrangement may still "give some women a considerable amount of independence."2 This apparent contradiction


This study refers to the existing problems of traditional urban community management model, based on information technology and system integration theory, puts up with the new community information management model, and makes a comprehensive integration to the community management function modules, finally makes the community information management come true, effectively enhances the efficiency and level of community management, greatly improves the quality of life for community residents, at the same time, has great importance to the construction of harmonious society.


Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are among the major bacterial causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), causing substantial morbidity and mortality globally. The rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these pathogens poses significant challenges for effective antibiotic therapy of LRTIs. In low-resourced settings, the diagnostics of LRTIs relies heavily on microbiological culture and patients are often treated with empirical antibiotics while awaiting several days for culture results. Rapid detection of LRTIs pathogens and AMR genes could prompt early antibiotic switching and inform antibiotic treatment duration. In this study, we developed multiplex quantitative real-time PCRs using EvaGreen dye and melting curve analysis (MCA) to rapidly identify the six major LRTIs pathogens and their AMR genes directly from the tracheal aspirate and sputum samples. The accuracy of RT-PCRs was assessed by comparing its performance against the gold standard, conventional culture method on 50 tracheal aspirate and sputum specimens. Our RT-PCR assays had 100% sensitivity for K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and 63.6% for S. aureus and the specificity ranked from 87.5% to 97.6%. The kappa correlation values of all pathogens between the two methods varied from 0.63 to 0.95. The limit of detection (LOD) of target bacteria in multiplex RT-PCRs was 1600 CFU/mL. Compared to the culture results, PCR assays exhibited higher sensitivity in detecting mixed infections and S. pneumoniae. Our findings also demonstrated a high level of concordance between the detection of AMR gene and AMR phenotype in single infections. We conclude that our multiplex quantitative RT-PCRs with fluorescence MCA is simple but sensitive and specific in detecting six major drug resistant bacterial pathogens of LRTIs and should be further evaluated for clinical utility.


Objective To construct prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-4T-1/SH3 and to examine the biological activity of the expressed SH3 protein. Methods HCK SH3 gene was amplified by PCR and was cloned into the vector pGEX-4T-1 to construct prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-4T-1/SH3. The recombinant plasmid was identified by double enzyme digestion and sequencing, the positive plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the expressed product was identified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis. HCK SH3 and HIV-1 Nef proteins were purified and their binding activity was detected by GST pull-down assay. Results The recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1/SH3 was correctly constructed. SH3 protein was expressed and purified. GST pull-down assay showed that SH3 protein had a satisfactory binding activity to HIV-1 Nef protein. Conclusion We have successfully expressed and purified GST-SH3 protein. Nef protein and SH3 proteins have a specific binding activity, which paves a way for screening drugs targeting Nef and SH3.


Monoiodo-oxytocin was prepared by iodinating oxytocin lightly and then freeing the iodooxytocin from uniodinated oxytocin and free iodide by gel nitration on Sephadex G.25 and chromatography on Dowex IXIO. The iodooxytocin was shown to be essentially all monoiodospecies by spectral titration. Monoiodo-oxytocin had 10-40% of the activity of oxytocin in stimulating adenylate cyclase in homogenates of toad bladder epithelium, and 75-80% activity in stimulating glucose oxidation in isolated fat cells. 125IOxytocin was bound to isolated fat cells: unlabeled oxytocin, lysine-vasopressin, and arginine-vasopressin were about equally potent in competing with 125I-oxytocin for binding. Insulin also competed but much more weakly. Glucagon and angiotensin were without significant effect. The assay can detect as little as .01 JAM of the unlabeled nonapeptide. (Endocrinology 91: 1199, 1972)


The aim of this work was to study the content of non-esterified fatty acids in plasma and liver of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis and its correction by linseed oil. The experiment was carried out on male rabbits breed gray giant with live weight 3.8–4.0 kg. The material for the study was sampled from blood and liver. Lipids from plasma and liver were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol. After that the non-esterified fatty acids were isolated and methylated. Methyl esters of fatty acids were studied by the gas-liquid chromatography with the chromatograph ''Chrom 5'' (Prague,CzechRepublic). We have found that the content of non-esterified fatty acids decreases in the blood plasma and liver of rabbits with the acute arginine pancreatitis. It takes place at the expense of a reduce of saturated fatty acids with odd and even number of carbon atoms in a chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of the families ω-7 and ω-9 and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the families ω-3 and ω-6. That may indicate a greater use of non-esterified fatty acids for energy metabolism and esterification of lipids. We suppose that this is a consequence of the probable increase in content of non-esterified and esterified cholesterol in the rabbits' blood plasma. Those processes provoke the cholesterol deposits in blood vessels and therefore cardiovascular diseases. We tried to influence on the processes by addition of linseed oil to the rabbits diet. We have found that in the linseed oil-fed rabbits the content of non-esterified fatty acids decreases at the expense of saturated fatty acids with odd and even number of carbon atoms in a chain and monounsaturated fatty acids of the families ω-7 and ω-9 inblood plasma and liver of the rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis. Furthermore the levels of non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-3 family increase in the rabbits' plasma and liver. As this takes place the ratio of non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-3 family to non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-6 family increased. The increase of non-esterified linolenic acid content in the rabbits' blood plasma is apparently a result of a greater intake of linseed oil with food. In turn, the greater intensity of linolenic acid transformation in long-chain and unsaturated derivatives caused the increase of non-esterified docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids levels. Therefore, feeding with linseed oil led to normalizations of both the effective use of non-esterified fatty acids for energy processes and the level of esterified cholesterol in the blood plasma of rabbits with acute arginine pancreatitis.


Jong-Jae is one that means whole songs and dances which had done in the interior of the imperial palace. Since it had been used for a member of royal family. it used the most elegant and brilliant dresses without concern of that period and one's social position.
This Jong-Jae had become more complex since the Gwang-Mu Alternation and it was began to more brilliant and large
scale banquet. This thesis surveys the change of style, color and fabric with envestigating"Ak-Hak-Gue-Bom(1493)", "Jong-Ri-Eui-Gue(1795)" and "Jin-Yon-Eui-Gue (1902)", Among these references, especially, we surveys the last banquet of Chosun Dynasty with investigating the Jong-Jae dress shown in "Jin- Yon-Eue-Gue".
In the Jong-Jae, there were two kinds of dress style as common dress and special dress. For Hon-San-Do, Mong-Gum-Chck, Yon-Baek-Bok- Ji-Mu, Soo-Yon-Jang, Jae-Soo-Chang, Ga-In- Jon-Mok-Dan, Bo-Sang-Mu, Heon-Chon-Hwa, A-Bark-Mu, Hyang-Ryong-Mu, Sa-Son-Mu, Jang-Saeng-Bo-Yon-Ji-Mu, Man-Soo-Mu, Mu- Ae-Mu, Po-Goo-Rak, Bong-Rae-Eui. Cho-Mu, Choon-Gwang-Ho, Chop-Seung-Mu, Gwang-Soo- Mu, Kyong-Pung-Do and Hyang-Bal-Mu, the dancers(Moodong, Dong-gi and Yoryong) had wom the former and Mu-Go-Mu, Choon- Aeng-Jon, Gom-Gi-Mu, San-Yoo-Rahk, Hak-Mu, Yon-Hwa-Dae-Mu, and Hyand-Ryung-Mu, they had wom the latter.


Psychopathy is worth studying because there are not enough studies for the public to keep psychopaths in perspective. This work focuses on how social expectations and gender play their roles in the development of psychology. After reviewing previous studies, the social expectations of genders are assumed to be one of the biggest fundamental factors influencing the formation of psychopathic traits. However, there are not studies focusing on this specific factor. In this work, the experiment is designed to figure out how this factor work. Therefore, this work is expected to fill the gap and provide a new direction for the future research.


For long railway tunnels such as the Gotthard Base Tunnel (57 km) or the Lotschberg Base Tunnel (34 km), the eventuality of a fire requires special measures to reduce the probability of an incident (preventive measures) and to limit the consequences of an incident (curative measures). Over the last years the safety department of the AlpTransit working group on Aerodynamics and Climate has developed an emergency ventilation concept for these long railway tunnels. Based on a number of key principles and different studies on smoke propagation, a ventilation concept containing rescue stations and cross-passages has been developed. This concept is currently being refined further. The paper describes the key principles, some of the most important findings from the smoke propagation studies and the adopted solutions for the layout of the rescue stations. In addition, possible ventilation schemes for an incident outside a rescue station are presented. For the covering abstract see ITRD E112419.


It has been known for many years (1,2) that in multiple sclerosis the gamma globulin concentration usually becomes increased in the cerebrospinal fluid as the disease develops, while it remains at a normal level in the blood. Frick and Scheid-Seydel (3) investigated the transfer of gamma globulin in a single direc tion from blood to cerebrospinal fluid and concluded that in multiple sclerosis a variable portion of the cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin probably arose de novo in the central nervous system. Our study of the kinetics of the elevated gamma globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis has extended the above observation by determining the transfer rates in two directions, from blood to cerebrospinal fluid and from cerebrospinal fluid to blood. To investi gate these rates in patients with multiple sclerosis, 1:311labeled gamma globulin was injected intravenously, and the specific activity (the fraction of the injected dose of †̃@†̃I per mg gamma globulin) was determined on timed serial blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples. At another time, the experiment was performed with the same sampling procedure, except that the 131J labeled globulin was in jected intrathecally. These same specific activity versus time data were utilized


Let I be the Riemann integral over [0,A] of a realization of a random process X(t) with stationary independent increments (SII), finite second moments, and X(0) = 0 . The optimal design, consisting of n distinct observation times, for estimating I relative to a mean-squared error optimality criterion is shown to be the design such that t_{i} = 2iA/(2n + 1), i = 1, \cdots,n , independent of the parameters of the process. The mean-squared error of the optimal estimate is displayed. The optimal design for estimating the integral over a proper subinterval of [0,A] is also derived.


Extradition — Conditions of — Principle of Speciality — Limit of Time during which Prosecution for Another Crime Prohibited — Jurisdiction — Offences Committed Abroad — Offences Committed in One Country with Effect in Another.


The thermal inertia of commercial buildings allows us to shift their power consumption on minutely to hourly timescales to provide grid services while maintaining occupant comfort. Our experimental research has shown that buildings providing these services may consume more energy than they would under normal operation. In this paper, we explore this phenomenon by analyzing results from over one thousand experiments on eight campus buildings in Michigan and North Carolina. This builds upon our prior work that drew preliminary conclusions based on experimental results from three buildings in Michigan (presented at ACEEE 2018). In our experiments, we manipulate each building's thermostat setpoints using pre-defined setpoint signals that cause the building to shift its power consumption with respect to its baseline. Expanding on our prior research using square-symmetric setpoint signals, we implemented a variety of new signals (e.g., ramping the setpoints) that enable an enhanced understanding of the physics and control response of HVAC systems. We analyze the fan power response and investigate impacts on the building chilled water and terminal reheat systems, allowing us to conduct a more holistic energy efficiency impact assessment. We also quantify the impact of load shifting on the cooling service provided to the building thermal zones. Our paper provides new insights that help inform the design of building response strategies that mitigate inefficiency. This analysis also underpins the experimental design for the next phase of testing in Summer-Fall 2020.


ZMP point is put forward to evaluate the stability of legged robot , and the relation that steady walking and steady area is given . When the end-effector's track known , the center of gravity'track can be calculated in the ideal circumstance . In order to control the biped robot, the robot 'steady area is given .


P300 wave is an event related potential which has been frequently used in various psychiatric and neurological disorders for research and clinical purposes. It is supposed to give an insight about the in-depth neuroanatomical and neurobiological underpinnings of various brain structures in different disorders. Nowadays, it is being used often in different psychiatric disorders as a part of neurophysiological/neurobiological studies. The P300 findings are varied across the several disorders which points towards the varied neurophysiological basis in different disorders. P300 in short provides an opportunity to detect the fine cognitive processes underlying the complex psychiatric disorders. It brings psychiatry more towards being 'biological'. This brief review is expected to give an overview of findings of P300 parameters in psychiatric disorders and also to provide its implications in these disorders.


And to provide an image display device and an image display method capable multi-gradation expression. For this purpose, the monochrome image data and a control unit 6 for generating display image data to the data distribution in RGB, based on the LUT, and the liquid crystal panel 2 can display an image based on the display image data, to the liquid crystal panel 2 multiple comprising a measuring means 5 for measuring the color stimulus values of the displayed image, the control unit 6, based on the characteristics of the liquid crystal panel 2, and the RGB values corresponding to the internal signal value is increased or decreased in a predetermined range the candidate color estimates the luminance and chromaticity of, and selected one of the selected color from among the candidate colors based on the estimation result, the LUT of RGB values of the selected color as an RGB value of the internal signal values and an image forming apparatus comprising: a LUT generating unit 13 that corrects.


The purpose of this study was to identify research trends of 892 domestic articles (2009-2018) related to emotional labor by using text-mining and network analysis. To this end, the keyword of these papers were collected and coded and eventually converted to 871 nodes and 2625 links for network text analysis. First, network text analysis revealed that the top four main keyword, according to co-occurrence frequency, were burnout, turnover intention, job stress, and job satisfaction in order and that the frequency and the top four core keyword by degree centrality were all relatively the high. Second, based on the top four core keyword of degree centrality the ego network analysis was conducted and the keyword for connection centroid of each network were presented.


What's most intriguing about this book is its larger story concerning the transformation of early modern drama. Dillon's narrative of a westward arc, in London, of shopping, sophistication, and sex usefully complements critical paradigms that center on, variously, Fletcherian tragicomedy, the rise of "citizen" culture, the dichotomy of public and private theaters, and the advent of dramatic realism. Ultimately, however, this story is not advanced far enough by the book's individual readings.


There are three sides of the media business today, such as media content providers, audiences as consumers of content, and advertisers as 'consumers' other media users. All three are complementary and influence each other, although in many ways, most audiences are often sacrificed in terms of interest. When an issue arises, the media are often considered a factor called 'news value' that will attract audiences to consume and then attract advertisers to enter. At other times, the ideology of media also often affect how the news was created, directed, and then deployed. In the case of reported of corruption cases involving officials of political parties in Indonesia of 2014 election, which is affecting Luthfi Hasan Ishaaq (PKS), Ratu Atut Choisyah (Golkar), and Anas Urbaningrum (Demokrat), two major media in Indonesia, Kompas and Republika presented the news in a different way. It is strongly associated with the ideology of each medium. Media ideology are then distinguish the discourse developed Kompas and Republika in reporting cases of the party officials. Results of analysis using Foucault discourse analysis showed that both the national media show a particular discourse in accordance with ideology, and on the other hand also do marginalization of certain discourses are supposed to be there. For example, the discourse of corruption as an extraordinary crime, it is not displayed, enclosed by political discourse and religious identity of each alleged case of corruption. Keywords : Discourse, Religion Identity, Politics, Media Ideology


This document details the planning phase of a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS). Our goal is to identify the software patterns used during the RE phase, in real-world setting (i.e., in real projects), not in academia (toy projects) and, to understand the impact of their application, in terms of different characteristics, pertaining to the development process as well as the final product. Through a review of the literature published until January 2017, we will investigate what the research community has reported on the application of patterns in the industrial context, the data supporting these claims, the specific patterns employed, the RE activities, the results (positive or negative) and the metrics used to validate these results.


This paper discusses two late-Victorian works set in Africa and how the English national identity in these stories is defined within broadening spectrum of contexts. It argues that there is a great sense of belief in multiculturalism reflected in these works which allow different nations to enjoy cultural exchange as well as develop their own identities within this broader context.


The main topic of this work is the basics of investment policy of the enterprise, its concepts and methods of effective implementation. In our opinion, this topic is an integral part of understanding the modern functioning of the organization as a successful mechanism of market activity, which requires the formation of the concept of sustainable development. When strategizing and implementing investment policy, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of sustainable development on ecological-resource, economic and social principles and appropriate institutional support, i.e. to act in the interests of both modern and future generations. In addition, the investment process is directly related to the social, economic and environmental aspects of global and regional nature, the economic situation of any state, so they not only increase production, thereby contributing to gross national income, developing economic competition, meeting the demand for goods and services. Thus, the above conditions lead to the search for the most favorable sources of investment, increase investment potential and improve the analysis of the investment condition of the company. The modern economy forces entrepreneurs to develop new methods of assessing and analyzing the investment condition of their organization for further implementation of the strategy of global sustainable development. Every enterprise that has a strategic development plan must commit itself to the continuous promotion of the three components of sustainable development – social, economic and environmental. From the point of view of investment in enterprise growth, it is necessary to develop a global program of maximum assistance to sustainable enterprises. Today, human resources are a real management resource and play a key role in establishing a positive reputation of companies, the use of financial and natural resources in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. Social and environmental responsibility of the enterprise determines the success of its economic and social positions, forms a unique image of the enterprise among consumers, investors, competitors, financial institutions, suppliers, the media.


The large-scale access of new energy vehicles to distribution grids in recent years has affected the safe operation of traditional distribution grids, while electric vehicles, as highly flexible mobile energy storage units, and the demand response of electric vehicle users under the influence of various incentives in the electricity market will change the load characteristics and affect load forecasting. A combined CNN-AM-BiLSTM forecasting method based on response feature decomposition is proposed for the characteristics of high participation of demand response and volatility of charging load of users in public areas. According to the predictability of demand response signals and the independence of seasonal signals, wavelet decomposition and other methods are used to decompose charging loads in public areas at different levels to form seasonal base loads and demand response dominant loads. The seasonal base load is analysed for smoothness and the time-series forecasts are made based on the analysis results. To address the problem that demand response dominant load has many influencing factors and is difficult to obtain, convolutional neural networks are used to extract depth features and an attention mechanism is introduced to make the Bi-LSTM model focus more on the features that are most relevant to the load information, thus improving the forecasting effect. Finally, the two parts of the prediction results are superimposed to obtain the public area EV charging load prediction results.


Abstract : The radiation patterns of an infinitesimal longitudinal magnetic line source on a plasma enclosed cylinder are presented. In the cases considered, the plasma is a homogeneous cylindrical layer which is not contiguous with the cylinder. Patterns are shown as a function of the colatitude angle for various values of the layer thickness and the constitutive parameters of the plasma. Transmission through lossy as well as lossless sheaths is considered. The discussion includes a summary of the mathematical problem, computational considerations, and leaky wave effects. (Author)


developmentprogress.org This and other Development Progress materials are available at developmentprogress.org Development Progress is an ODI project that aims to measure, understand and communicate where and how progress has been made in development. ODI is the UK's leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. Further ODI materials are available at odi.org.uk Women and children riding the Lahore Bus Rapid Transit. Photo: © Asian Development Bank. • Pakistan appears to have reduced poverty remarkably. The share of people living on less than US$1.25 a day is estimated to have fallen from 64.7% in 1990 to 12.7% in 2010 and, based on the official national poverty line, from 25.5% in 1992 to 12.4% in 2010.


It is difficult to detect the accurate detection which leads the camera it moves follows in change of the noise or illumination and Also, it could be recognized with backgound if the object doesn't move during hours. In this paper, the proposed method is updating changed background image as much as N*M pixel mask as time goes on after get a difference between imput image and first background image. And checking image pixel can efficiently detect moving by computing fixed distance pixel instead of operate all pixel. Also, set up minimum area of object to use boundary point of object abstracted through checking image pixel and motion detect of object. Therefore motion detection is available as is fast and correct without doing checking image pixel every Dame. From experiment, the designed and implemented system showed high precision ratio in performance assessment more than 90 percents.


ABSTACT Dysexecutive syndrome has been consistently reported in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Particularly, impairments have been documented in working memory, inhibition, and mental flexibility. However, the relationship between executive impairments and intellectual functioning is far from clear in this population. This study aimed to investigate how executive functions (EF) are associated with intelligence in ASD. Children and adolescents with ASD (N = 69) were compared to typically developing (TD) individuals (N = 68), matched in chronological age and sex. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales were used to assess participants' intelligence quotient (estimated IQ). EF – working memory, shifting, and inhibition – were assessed using the Digit Span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Test, respectively. TD individuals outperformed ASD in all cognitive assessment measures. Correlation analysis showed that while for the ASD group intelligence was associated with shifting abilities, in the TD group the association was observed for working memory measures. Linear regression analysis supported that the association between intelligence and EF domains differed between groups, particularly regarding shifting abilities (interaction term significant), whereas working memory showed a similar trend in both groups (difference in effect size is non-significant). Results suggest that specific executive function domains are associated with ASD intellectual functioning and differ from TD individuals, which may be related to adaptive behavior outcomes.


We tried to detect the suppression of bitterness with a taste sensor. Quinine hydrochloride, which has a positive charge usually cause large potential change of negatively charged membranes of the sensor. The potential change was decreased by sour substances such as acetic acid. The decrease of the potential change of response implies a decrease in the intensity of bitterness. Contrary to this, response of the sensor to sodium picrate, which has a negative charge, was diminished by sodium salts of organic acids. As the hydrophobicity of organic acids increased, the suppression of bitterness also increased. The present study is expected to provide a new quantitative technique to measure the strength of bitterness of foods and drugs in place of sensory evaluation.


This work aimed to determine heavy metal contents in soil and native plants and to evaluate microbial and fauna activities in soils of the Pb mining and metallurgy area, to establish the biological indicators of these soils qualities. The collections were made at five different locations (sites 1, 2, 3, 5, 6), in four seasons. Fertility and physical analysis and total (HF, HNO3, H2O2 microwave extraction) and bioavailable (HNO3 0.5 mol/L boiling extraction) Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn contents were measured for soil samples. Samples of native plants were collected and after nitric-perchloric digestion, total heavy metal contents were determined. The microbial and mesofauna studies in the soil were done for the depth of 0 to 5 cm. Total heavy metal contents were determined in Formicidae group (HNO3 microwave digestion). The maximum total and bioavailable soil Pb contents were at site 3 (25,930 and 15,370 mg/kg, respectively). The alteration of organisms of the soil's mesofauna were more evident than for microbiology activity: site 1 (reference low and natural soil Pb levels) presented the highest mesofauna diversity. The Pb levels in the Formicidade group and in plants were consistent with the contents of Pb in the soils.


The topic of "removing administration from colleges and universities" has been long debated,especially in recent years.But if it is analyzed in a historical,dialectical and comprehensive point of view,it's not difficult to find that administration in universities is not an isolated and static existence but that it has a profound social background,the problem of national system.Only through national political system reform and that of educational system as well as college system,can administration be removed with policy support and law protection.


The psychological preparedness before playing piano, the psychological adjustment in playing piano and the method of training psychological quality, etc. are main factors determining whether piano players can perfectly display their normal level. The piano players should improve the psychological preparedness before playing piano and raising the psychological adjustment ability, which is the important link for reducing the negative influence caused by psychological factor to a maximal degree and guaranteeing the successful performance.


Abstract This article demonstrates the development of activated carbon fiber electrodes produced from hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) to fabricate electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with high energy and power densities using an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte. A mixture solution of HKL, polyethylene glycol as a sacrificial polymer, and hexamethylenetetramine as a crosslinker in dimethylformamide/acetic acid (6/4) was electrospun, and the obtained fibers were easily thermostabilized, followed by carbonization and steam activation to yield activated carbon fibers (ACFs). The electrochemical performance of EDLCs assembled with the ACFs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) as an IL electrolyte and a cellulosic separator was insufficient due to the low conductivity of the electrode. The conductivity of the electrode was improved successfully by spraying conductive carbon black (CB) onto the fibers mat during electrospinning. The CB containing electrodes with improved conductivity gave the resulting EDLCs a higher electrochemical performance, with an energy density of 91.5 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 76.2 kW kg−1.


........................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................................v Chapter 1: Introduction .....................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Neighbourhood Case Studies ..........................................................................3 2.1 The Hydrostone .....................................................................................................3 2.1.1 Background ...................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Structure and Identity ....................................................................................6 2.1.3 Public Space .................................................................................................7 2.2 Beacon Hill ............................................................................................................9 2.2.1 Background ...................................................................................................9 2.2.2 Structure and Identity ..................................................................................12 2.2.3 Public Space ...............................................................................................14 2.3 Findings ...............................................................................................................16 Chapter 3: Study Neighbourhood ....................................................................................18 3.1 Site Information ...................................................................................................19 3.1.1 Bounding Streets ........................................................................................19 3.1.2 Composition ................................................................................................21 3.1.3 Population ...................................................................................................23 Chapter 4: Identity and Neighbourhood Fabric................................................................24 4.1 Structure ..............................................................................................................24 4.1.1. Grids ..........................................................................................................25 4.1.2 Block Patterns .............................................................................................27 4.1.3 Elevation and Rhythm .................................................................................30 4.1.4 Public Spaces .............................................................................................33 Chapter 5: Nodes of Activity ............................................................................................34 5.1 What is a Node? ..................................................................................................34 5.2 Node Elements ....................................................................................................35 5.3 Node Scales ........................................................................................................38 5.3.1 City Nodes ..................................................................................................38 5.3.2 Neighbourhood Nodes ................................................................................39


Based on the 1:200 000 geochemical exploration data of northwest of Hebei Province and the application of geochemical blocks theory and method,we systematically analyzed the characteristics of copper geochemical blocks and resources.Then three copper geochemical blocks and three anomalies were delineated.The No.3 copper geochemical block was worth higher degree of research and focused on,which was coupled to verify by combing with the characteristics of remote sensing liner-ring structure and regional remote sensing alteration information abnormal zone.Optimizing prospect of geochemical block,draw a copper mineral metallogenic prospect areas,thus achieve the goal of metallogenic prediction.


The influence of chloride ion on the oxidation and dissolution of platinum has been studied by using Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) in combination with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis to clarify the deterioration mechanism of platinum catalyst in the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC). Platinum was electroplated on an Au-QCM electrode in 2% H2PtCl6 solution and used as the working electrode. A mass gain of the platinum electrode was observed during anodic polarization in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution ([Cl−] free solution) due probably to the formation of Pt oxide. The oxide film was not stable in the whole range of potential used in this study. On the other hand, a mass loss due to the dissolution of Pt as chloride complex ions was observed in more positive potentials than 0.85 V vs. SHE in chloride-containing solutions. As the chloride concentration increased, platinum showed a higher dissolution rate with the formation of chloride complexes, PtCl42− and PtCl62−. The amount of dissolved PtCl62− tended to increase with the increase of anodic potential limit. The EQCM results revealed that the dissolution of Pt was accelerated when potential was cycled between cathodic and anodic limits. The ICP analysis of the solution after anodic polarization supported the results obtained by EQCM.


The aim of this study was to examine dynamic balance ability and hypermobility according to gender and gymnastics training participation in 6 years of age children. In this research, 76 male and 86 female totally 162 children with the mean body height 114.51±5.15 cm and with the mean body weight 20.54±3.73 kg participated voluntarily. While 47 of the children participating gymnastics training for 12 weeks, 115 of the children continued regular pre-school program. Dynamic balance ability measured by prokin tecno body with easy base for 30 seconds. Hypermobility identified by The Beighton criteria and cut-off point was taken as 4. For dynamic balance ability in 6 years of age there were statistically significant difference in favor of gymnastic participation compared with the others (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in dynamic balance ability in favor of girls, according to gender (p<0.005). And hypermobility was significantly different in favor of gymnastic participation (p<0.05). The hypermobility rate of males is 23.7%, females is 43%, gymnasts is 51.1% and sedentary is 27%. There wasn't any correlation between dynamic balance ability and hypermobility. As a result, although they have similar physical characteristics and in the same age group, their dynamic balance performance and hypermobility differentiated depending on factors of gymnastics training and also it was observed that the dynamic balance performance was in favor of girls. This study emphasized the importance of early participation in gymnastics.


Here we report an experimental investigation, based on the Raman spectroscopy, on the aging of some mesoporous silica based systems. In details, we studied the aging in air of the MCM41, the MSU-H and the MSU-F materials by acquiring the Raman spectra of as received and of mechanically pressed, at 0.2 and 0.45 GPa, powders. Our data evidenced that the starting powders of the MCM41 and of the MSU-H undergo structural modification when they are exposed to the ambient atmosphere, such modification consisting in the decrease of the D2 Raman band (originated by the three member rings). At variance the powders of the MSU-F appear to be stable. Furthermore, by pressing the starting powders to produce tablets we evidenced in all the materials a pressure related variation of the Si-O-Si angle distribution. Simultaneously, in the MCM41 and in the MSU-H, we detected the decrease of the D2 band and the Si-O-Si hydrolysis, these latter two processes being absent or much less efficient in the MSU-F. Monitoring the Rama...


Objectives: Blood pressure variability (BPV) was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome. It could be measured with either short-term or long-term BP monitoring. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlations between beat-to-beat, reading-to-reading and day-by-day BPV, and the determinants of these 3 short-term BPV measures. Methods: Outpatients referred for ambulatory BP monitoring and not on antihypertensive treatment were invited. Non-invasive beat-to-beat finger BP was monitored with Finometer for 10 minutes in supine position. Ambulatory BP was monitored for 24 hours with the SpaceLabs 90217 monitors. Home BP was measured with the Omron-7051, triple in the morning and triple in the evening for 7 consecutive days. Systolic and diastolic BPV were determined as standard deviation (SD). For 24-hour BPV, we weighted SD with the daytime and nighttime intervals. We assessed the correlations by Pearson correlation analysis, and the determinants of BPV using stepwise multiple regressions. Results: Finger BP, 24-hour ambulatory, and home BP were successfully obtained in 241 patients (mean age, 51 ± 10.3 years; 50.2% women). Beat-to-beat BPV (systolic/diastolic, 6.8/3.8 mmHg) was significantly smaller (P < 0.001) than reading-to-reading (10.5/7.5) and day-by-day (8.1/5.3) BPV. All 3 systolic BPV were significantly correlated (r = 0.20∼0.30, P⩽0.002), while the correlations between diastolic BPV were weak (r = 0.10∼0.14). All systolic and diastolic BPV measures were determined by clinic BP level (P < 0.09). Both reading-to-reading and day-by-day BPV were also associated with aging. Beat-to-beat systolic BPV was associated with heart rate. Conclusions: Three short-term BPV measures were moderately or weakly correlated. Blood pressure level and aging are common determinants of short-term BPV.


I argue that Descartes explains physiology in terms of whole systems, and not in terms of the size, shape and motion of tiny corpuscles (corpuscular mechanics). It is a standard, entrenched view that Descartes's proper means of explanation in the natural world is through strict reduction to corpuscular mechanics. This view is bolstered by a handful of corpuscular-mechanical explanations in Descartes's physics, which have been taken to be representative of his treatment of all natural phenomena. However, Descartes's explanations of the 'principal parts' of physiology do not follow the corpuscular–mechanical pattern. Des Chene (2001) has identified systems in Descartes's account of physiology, but takes them ultimately to reduce down to the corpuscle level. I argue that they do not. Rather, Descartes maintains entire systems, with components selected from multiple levels of organisation, in order to construct more complete explanations than corpuscular mechanics alone would allow.


This article describes quantum interference in a lambda system driven by two identical pulses that are each sufficiently broadband to drive both dipole-allowed transitions. The first pulse drives the system into a quantum superposition, making the effect of the second pulse depend critically on its optical phase and resulting in Ramsey-like fringes. This method, using just two pulses of the same carrier frequency, is conceptually simpler than in previous Raman–Ramsey studies, which use pump and Stokes pulses in each of two spatially separated regions. The goal here is not efficient population transfer, but to investigate narrow features resulting from quantum interference. I first explore these effects for low-inversion, which illustrates many key features using an easy-to-visualize model. I then use Schrodinger's equation in a semiclassical model to extend the results to arbitrary inversion. Informative quantum interference features remain when using this simplified scheme.


Brain extraction or skull stripping is a fundamental procedure in most of neuroimaging processing systems. The performance of this procedure has had a critical impact on the success of neuroimaging analysis. After several years of research and development, brain extraction still remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an effective method for skull stripping in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans named ASM-CNN. Our system is a combination of Active Shape Model (ASM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), taking full advantage of these two methods to achieve remarkable results. Instead of working with 3D structures, we process 2D image sequences in sagittal plane. First, we divide images into different groups such that, in each group, the shapes and structures of brain boundaries have similar appearances. This allows developing precise algorithms for each group in order to produce high performance segmentation results. Second, a modified version of ASM is used to detect the brain boundary in images by utilizing prior knowledge of each group. Finally, CNN and the post-processing methods such as Conditional Random Field, Gaussian Process and some special rules are applied to refine segmentation contour produced by ASM. We compared ASM-CNN with the latest version of five state-of-the-art, publicly available methods, namely BET, BSE, 3DSS, ROBEX and BEAST. The evaluation was carried out by using three public datasets IBSR, LPBA and OASIS. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms five states-of-the-art algorithms, surpassing all the other methods by a significant margin in all experiments.


Broeder (1965) found that potential jurors frequently distort their replies to questions posed during the voir dire. Considerable controversy has arisen over whether more honest, accurate information is elicited by a judge or by an attorney. The experiment manipulated two target (judgeversus attorneyconducted voir dire) and two interpersonal style variables (personal versus formal). The dependent measure was the consistency of subjects' attitude reports given at pretest and again verbally in court. One-hundred-and-sixteen jury-eligible community residents participated. The results provide support for the hypothesis that attorneys are more effective than judges in eliciting candid self-disclosure from potential jurors. Subjects changed their answers almost twice as much when questioned by a judge as when interviewed by an attorney. It was suggested that the judge's presence evokes considerable pressure toward conformity to a set of perceived judicial standards among jurors, which is minimized during an attorney voir dire.


Mercury, also called quicksilver, is one of the elements that is liquid at ambient conditions. Mercury has a standard reduction potential, +0.8 V, and is used in thermometers, barometers and in other scientific apparatus. The triple point of mercury, –38.2 °C, is used as a temperature standard for the International Temperature Scale. Metallic materials have been intensively studied in recent years with respect to their novel properties and their potential commercially-valuable applications. However, metallic particles tend to oxidize easily under ambient conditions, and therefore, methods that can produce air-stable metallic particles are of great importance. The creation of a coated layer on the surface of the metallic particles can stabilize the metallic particles and prevent their oxidation. If the coated layer still enables solutions to reach the metallic core, we will benefit from the large variety of applications of these metals. The applications of the encapsulated metallic metals range from fuel amplifiers, catalysis, electronic devices, purification of water wells, as well as the field of energy storage and conversion. Various methods have been reported in the literature for the formation of core-shell (NCCS) nanostructures in which the metallic particles were the core, e.g., sonochemistry, electrochemistry, sol gel, ammonia catalysis, and more. In the current article we report on a simple, efficient and economical synthesis technique for the fabrication of core-shell structures, where the metallic mercury forms the core. The spherical core-shell structure is obtained in a one-stage, solvent-free, single precursor reaction without using a catalyst, at 800 °C. This reaction is referred to as RAPET (Reaction under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature). Reports on the formation of a core-shell nanostructure of a variety of transition metals and transition metal oxides have been published. However, in all the previous cases, oxygen-containing compounds were dissociated, and when applied to highly active metallic precursors, metal oxides were obtained. In this study, the metal/carbon core shell structures of an Hg/C compound is prepared by the thermolysis of an Hg(CH3)2 compound. The precursor was purchased from STREM and used without further purification. The preparation of the core-shell structure of metals with carbon from these alkyl metals is carried out in a 5 ml closed cell. The cell is assembled from stainless steel LET-LOCK union parts (HAM-LET, Ziporit, Israel). A 1/2′′ union part is plugged on both sides by standard caps. A standard union is presented in Figure S1 (see Supporting Information). For these syntheses, a 1 ml precursor, Hg(CH3)2, is introduced into the cell at room temperature under nitrogen (the cell is filled in a glove box). The filled cell is closed tightly with the other plug and then placed inside an iron pipe in the middle of the furnace. The temperature is raised at a rate of 10 °C per minute. The closed vessel cell is heated at 800 °C for 3 hours. The reaction proceeds under the autogenic pressure of the precursor. The LET-LOCK is gradually cooled (≈ 5 h) to room temperature. We termed this synthetic process RAPET. At the end of the reaction a black bright powder is collected. Upon opening the cell, which is placed for safety reasons inside the glove box, gases are released. The total yield of the product/carbonaceous material is about 75 % for Hg/C. The product is characterized by structural and morphological techniques. The structure of Hg/C was studied by XRD and DSC measurements and the morphology was studied by TEM, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), and high resolution HRSEM images. Figure 1 presents the wide angle XRD pattern at –95 °C of an Hg/C nanoparticle sample prepared at 800 °C under inert atmosphere inside the LET-LOCK reactor. The diffraction peaks have been indexed perfectly to an Hg rhombohedric unit cell (spatial group: R-3mr). The calculated lattice constants were a = b = c = 3.0052, and a = b = c = 70.603°. These parameters match very well the reported diffraction peaks and lattice parameters for crystalline Hg at low temperature. (The XRD pattern at room temperature did not reveal any of the mercury diffraction peaks). Additional proof of the existence of Hg is obtained from DSC analysis. A clear exothermic peak is detected at –38.5 °C, corresponding to the crystallization/solidification temperature of Hg (Fig. 2). C O M M U N IC A TI O N


In this paper we present a method to improve the accuracy of the time difference of arrivals (TDOA) estimators for reducing the uncertainty in localizing sperm whales using passive acoustics. More precisely we suggest the use of Teager-Kaiser energy operator for the enhancement of recordings made by hydrophones before applying an estimator of TDOA. Using data from the Atlantic undersea test and evaluation center (AUTEC) and standard estimators for TDOA like the generalized cross correlation (GCC) approaches or statistical methods based on LMS, we show that the suggested pre-processing method significantly improves the accuracy of these estimators. Simulating various signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions, we are able to show the robustness of the pre-processing approach against additive noise.


We investigated which wild, green,
leafy vegetables are regularly consumed
by people in the Northern
Province of South Africa, since these are
their most common source of micronutrients,
particularly of beta-carotene. Frequent consumers
of such plants were interviewed and
specimens of the plants, 32 species in all, were
collected and identified. From the literature,
data on the nutritional value were found for 13
of these plants. The data, although
incomplete, indicated that these wild plants
are generally good sources of micronutrients.
The study highlights the need for more information
on the beta-carotene content of wild
plants; it is difficult to make recommendations
regarding their usage until this has been
done.


The results obtained demonstrate that the lasing dynamics reflects the current dynamics formed as a result of complex nonlinear couplings within the laser-thyristor heterostructure. The observed specific features mainly result from the appearance of new channels for generation of excess carriers in the p-base. These channels enhance the main optical activation channel formed by the photogeneration due to the absorption of the spontaneous emission from the active region of the laser part of the heterostructure. The additional channels of excess carrier generation may have an optical nature in the case of scattered laser light upon appearance of new high-Q modes. For nearly critical blocked voltages, generation of carriers can be initiated by an avalanche multiplication of photogenerated carriers.


A decentralized and indestructible risk-reduction protocol integrated on the plethora of qualified Blockchains, implementing Genetic-Algorithm Neural-Network (GANN) Risk-Cybernetics powered by Atomic Portfolio Selection (APS) and MVSK Utility Optimization, for autonomous and instantaneous liquidity provision in assets including FX, cryptocurrencies, etc. on an open-source API high-frequency options trading exchange for volatility-arbitrage, delta-neutral and delta-hedged portfolios operated by institutions or individuals.


Epitaxial overgrowth of self-assembled pyramidal PbSe quantum dots is shown to drastically affect their shape and composition due to anion exchange reactions. As shown by scanning tunneling microscopy, for PbTe capping layers this results in a complete truncation of the dots. Introduction of EuTe into the cap layer leads to an effective suppression of the anion exchange process. This preserves the original dot pyramids and induces a large stress concentration above the buried dots.


The urban bus service system is one of the most important components of a public transport system. Thus, exploring the spatial configuration of the urban bus service system promotes an understanding of the quality of bus services. Such an understanding is of great importance to urban transport planning and policy making. In this study, we investigated the spatial characteristics of an urban bus service system by using the complex network approach. First, a three-step workflow was developed to collect a bus operating dataset from a public website. Then, we utilized the P-space method to represent the bus service network by connecting all bus stop pairs along each bus line. With the constructed bus network, a set of network analysis indicators were calculated to quantify the role of nodes in the network. A case study of Shenzhen, China was implemented to understand the statistical properties and spatial characteristics of the urban bus network configuration. The empirical findings can provide insights into the statistical laws and distinct convenient areas in a bus service network, and consequently aid in optimizing the allocation of bus stops and routes.


The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter front-end electronics requires about 50000 amps of current. The custom designed chips with 0.25-micron technology run at 2.5 V. The delivery of this current / power to the front-end cards by copper buses creates a situation where we have ground potential differences along the distribution buses. This may affect the noise performance of the scintillation light detection by APDs. Substantial power is wasted in the delivery system then consumed by front-end electronics boards. The electronics works in high radiation environment and in 4T magnetic field.


The performances of several methods used for the computation of the free space Green's function for doubly periodic arrays are investigated. We make a careful study of these methods, based on accuracy and computing time criteria. We show that none of them is able to fulfil both criteria for a large range of parameters (position in space, wavelength, periods, ... ). Fortunately, it is possible to retain three complementary algorithms. We combine them in order to implement a numerical code that automatically chooses the appropriate algorithm depending on the parameters.


The intestinal mucosa is in continuous contact with milliard of microorganisms, thus intestinal epithelial barrier is a critical component in the arsenal of defense mechanisms required to prevent infection and inflammation. Mucin 2 (MUC2), which is produced by the goblet cells, forms the skeleton of the intestinal mucus and protects the intestinal tract from self‐digestion and numerous microorganisms. Dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) is a member of the DOCK‐B subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. It is reported that DOCK4 plays a critical role in the repair of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium after chemical damage. In this study, the role of DOCK4 in the goblet cell differentiation and MUC2 production is explored. Disordered intestinal epithelium and shortage of goblet cells were observed in DOCK4 gene knockout mice. Furthermore, DOCK4 deletion contributed to the low expression of MUC2 and the goblet cell differentiation/maturation factors including growth factor independent 1 (Gfi1) and SAM pointed domain epithelial‐specific transcription factor (Spdef) in mouse ileums and colons. Overexpression of DOCK4 caused a marked increase in Gfi1, Spdef, and MUC2, while siRNA knockdown of endogenous DOCK4 significantly decreased Gfi1, Spdef, and MUC2 in HT‐29 cells. In addition, MUC2, DOCK4, and the goblet cell differentiation/maturation factors mRNA levels were decreased in colorectal cancer samples compared with normal colons. A significant positive correlation was found between MUC2 and DOCK4. In conclusion, DOCK4 may serve as a critical regulator of goblet cell differentiation and MUC2 production in the intestine.


The factors that affect the viscosity of CMC in drilling operation and provide technical guidance for fields were cleared.The factors,such as swelling time,temperature,shear rate,dosage of Na2CO3 and its adding sequence were studied.Experiment results showed that the best swelling time was 120 min;in the range of 30~ 90 ℃,with the temperature increasing,the viscosity of CMC hydrosol decreased,this kind of viscosity change can recover 97% with the temperature down.Furthermore,the linear relationship was presented between the logarithm of viscosity and the reciprocal of temperature.High-speed shearing was greatly impact on viscosity,when the shearing rate reached 12 000 r/min,viscosity can only recover 65%and dosage of Na2CO3 and its adding sequence all can cause the viscosity of CMC decreases.However,the influence that adding the Na2CO3 to CMC hydrosol was smaller than adding the CMC to Na2CO3 on the viscosity of CMC hydrosol.


Cancer represents a health problem in Cuba, being the second cause of death in our country. The National Cancer Registry went created in 1964 as an instrument for the epidemiological study of this disease. In 1986, important changes were introduced in the National Cancer Registry regarding organization, process and validation of the information with the implementation of a new automation information system; in 1990 a PC version of the system was developed, and in 1992 the decentralization of the process of the information to all provinces of the country (fourteen provincial cancer registries) was accomplished. The data obtained through the registry shows as main sites of incidence: lung, skin and colon for both sexes; prostate and larynx for men, and breast and cervix uteri for women. As for mortality, lung and colon for both sexes, prostate for men and breast for women are the main sites. The improvement of the quality of the information of the registry has permitted the use of the data for carrying out investigations that help to plan and assess the National


Becoming an engaged democratic citizen begins by practicing democracy in the classroom. This book describes the development of a new instrument for assessing students' perceptions of the psychosocial environment that should exist in democratic chemistry classrooms, and reports comprehensive validation information for a large sample of chemistry university students. This book is a good source for those educators who want to create democratic classroom environments in which students learn to exercise voice; to make choices and take responsibility for their own learning; and to understand, give, and receive fair, equitable and respectful treatment.


Introduction Students who have been identified as emotionally or behaviorally disturbed are among those most difficult to teach and the least likable by those who work in educational settings (Walker, McConnell, Holmes, & Todis, Walker, & Golden, 1983). They engage in disruptive, destructive, aggressive and defiant behaviors that have been linked to teacher stress, burnout and attrition. In fact, teacher attrition is a major contributor to the special education personnel shortages. Most studies have reported survey research and attrition rates. The ability of public schools to retain qualified special education teachers is questionable. For over two decades, educators have voiced concerns about teacher attrition in special education (Boe, Cook, Bobitt, & Webber, 1995; George, George, Gersten, & Grosenick, 1995; Gersten, Keating, Yovanoff, & Harniss, 2001; Miller, Brownell, & Smith, 1999). In a National survey of over 1,000 special educators recently conducted by the Council for Exceptional Children (2001) they concluded: "Poor teaching conditions contribute to a high rate of special educators leaving the field, teacher burnout, and substandard quality of education for students with special needs." Higher attrition rates among special educators are often attributed to the stress involved in working with special education populations. It is widely accepted that special educators are greatly affected by the pressures which accompany working with students who demonstrate a wide range of social and academic problems (Council for Exceptional Children, 2001). There is no surprise that teachers of students classified as E/BD, compared to teachers of other students with disabilities, report greater job dissatisfaction, feelings of depersonalization, exhaustion, and consequently are at greater risk for dropping out of the special education profession (George, George, Gersten, & Grosenick, 1995; Pullis, 1992). Thus, it is not hard to understand why teachers who work with students identified as E/BD have the highest attrition rate among special education teachers (Brownnell, Smith, & Miller, 1994; George, George, Gersten, & Grosenick, 1995; Singer, 1993; Singh & Billingsley, 1996). Given the difficulties associated with educating students with emotional and behavioral disorders, it is imperative that teachers are provides with the knowledge and skills that will enable them to develop the most effective programs for their students. One such set of strategies involves the development of effective classroom Level systems. Level systems are essentially an application of the principle of shaping, where the goal is self-management (i.e., developing personal responsibility for social, emotional, and academic performance. Kanfer and Zich (1974) suggested that self-management is the final outcome of a process involving self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement, all of which are involved in level systems. A student's progress through the various levels of a Level system depends on changes in this or her measurable behavior and achievement. As the student progresses through the levels, the behavioral expectations and privileges provided for acceptable behavior are altered toward the eventual goal of self-management. Although once very prevalent in programs for students with E/BD, Level systems have recently become less popular in school settings (Webber & Plotts (2008). Some concerns have been raised as to the appropriateness of Level systems in the context of current models of service delivery and IDEA (Scheuerman, Webber, Partin & Kneies, 1994). We believe that many of the problems that have been associated with the use of level systems can be avoided or overcome by a complete understanding of the purpose of these systems and the development of skills necessary to develop and implement effective systems with students with E/BD. Over the past 20 years, the authors have worked extensively with students with emotional and behavioral disorders in school settings. …


The task of sealing thin-walled NMR tubes to vacuum line glass demands a certain about of glassblowing skills. A new nmr tube may be used twice and when finally but open is still long enough for use with normal samples.


The product profitability is the most important indicator of the economic efficiency of agricultural production. It synthesizes in itself all economic activity, accumulates the results of using all the resources of the enterprise. Increasing the profitability is one of the urgent and priority tasks of each agricultural enterprise and the agricultural industry as a whole, contributing to its attractiveness and increasing the financial stability of enterprises. The presented article analyzes the factors and opportunities for growth in profit and profitability of a livestock enterprise in modern conditions due to the positive influence of management decisions for changing the sales pattern and reducing the cost of milk production.


The EuroparlTV Multimedia Parallel Corpus (EMPAC) is a collection of subtitles in English and Spanish for videos from the EuropeanParliament's Multimedia Centre. The corpus has been compiled with the EMPAC toolkit. The aim of this corpus is to provide a resource to study institutional subtitling on the one hand, and, on the other hand, facilitate the analysis of web accessibility to institutional multimedia content. The corpus covers a time span from 2009 to 2017, it is made up of 4,000 texts amounting to two and half millions of tokens for every language, corresponding to approximately 280 hours of video. This paper provides 1) a review of related corpora; 2) a revision of typical compilation methodologies of subtitle corpora; 3) a detailed account of the corpus compilation methodology followed; and, 4) a description of the corpus. In the conclusion, the key findings are summarised regarding formal aspects of the subtitles conditioning the accessibility to the multimedia content of the EuroparlTV.


In this study, we fabricated and characterized a stack actuator made of forty layers of 1 mm thick PMN-29PT with a cross-sectional area of 10 × 10 mm2. From the measurement of actuation displacement, we confirmed that the piezoelectric strain constant in the direction of thickness of the material is 2000 pm V−1, as suggested by the manufacturer. The blocking forces of the actuator are measured to be 230 N, 369 N, and 478 N for 100 V, 200 V, and 300 V, respectively. The measured blocking forces showed large discrepancies from the estimated blocking forces calculated using linear models, especially for a high voltage application. An empirical equation acquired by fitting the measured blocking forces indicates that the blocking force has a nonlinear relationship with the applied voltage. The measured hysteresis showed a slight nonlinear voltage-stroke relationship and small energy loss.


In order to fully mobilize user-side resources in an increasingly open energy trading market, this paper proposes an optimal allocation strategy for electricity/heat/gas shared energy storage based on the probability prediction method. The proposed optimized configuration establishes an energy hub structure with electricity/heat/gas shared energy storage, and a twobody optimized model with two-layer from the view of users and providers participating in the shared energy storage business model is established. The bottom layer describes the uncertainty of new energy output based on the probability prediction method based on long-term and short-term memory and Bayesian neural network, a user-side shared energy storage charging and discharging model, which is optimized aiming to minimize the user's total cost, is established, and the decision information will be informed to the shared energy storage provider. At the top level, aiming to minimize the investment and construction cost of shared energy storage providers, concentrates on optimizing the allocation of energy storage power and capacity of decision-making entities. The big M method is adopted to relax and linearize the nonlinear part of the objective and constraints, and then it is transformed into a mixed-integer linear optimization problem. Finally, three typical application scenarios are established. As to the verification of the superiority of the strategy, the CPLEX optimization solver is called through the YALMIP toolbox in Matlab to solve the models in different scenarios, and the overall costs and benefits are jointly compared. From the case analysis, we can draw the conclusion that compared with the traditional buying and selling model, the shared energy storage business model in this paper effectively reduces the investment and construction scale of user-side energy storage, correspondingly reducing the investment and construction cost of user-built energy storage and the time cost of operating and maintaining physical energy storage.


We investigated whether peptides involved in cellular proliferation and apoptosis, [insulin‐like growth factor I (IGFI) and its major binding protein (insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3)], predicted risk of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).


Through discussion of our sonic screwdriver and tractor beam experiments, we aim to highlight the respective advantages of conservative and non-conservative forces. Commonly in acoustic trapping, conservative, gradient-induced mechanisms (e.g., standing waves) are used to manipulate matter. Such situations are reasonably described in terms of potential energy landscapes, an approach also applied to optics, for applications such as cell sorting [MacDonald et al, Nature 426 (2003)]. No such description is possible for radiation pressure, which is non-conservative, a distinction that is sometimes muddled in the literature, although it was made clear even in early work [e.g., King, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 147 (1934); Gor'kov, Sov. Phys. Doklady 6, 773 (1962)]. Our "sonic screwdriver" makes use of two non-conservative mechanisms: levitation by radiation pressure and rotation by transfer of azimuthal momentum components [Demore et al., PRL 108 (2012)]. We also note that the term "tractor beam" has often been rese...


Current epidural analgesia in labour uses a combination of low-concentration local anesthetics and opioid to optimize pain control while minimizing motor block. This type of analgesia does not increase the risk of cesarean delivery.[1][1] In trials conducted since 2005, there was no difference in


Sixty years ago,world attention focused on the Indonesian city of Bandung where leaders of the emerging"Third World"were meeting to establish their voice in global affairs.A major figure at the Bandung Conference was undoubtedly the late Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai,whose achievements then were commemorated this April by China


This paper describes the development and the application of a low-cost manual micro assembly system with an integrated heater. The presented system consists basically of a massive frame to dampen vibrations, of an observation unit, of a heating element with a 2-point temperature controller, and of an exchangeable vacuum gripper for the deposition of a work piece on a target substrate which is mounted and correctly aligned on a vacuum plate. During the development we place considerable value on a modular system which is easy to use, highly accurate, and cost-efficient. In this connection, we will point out the labor and machine maintenance as well as the material costs. Present micro assembly system only weighs 21 kg and has an engine room of 28 × 35 × 56 cm (length × width × height). This makes it suitable for easy transportation. So it can be installed and used in almost every location. Although the labor and machine maintenance as well as the material costs only amount to less than 9.900 € a positioning accuracy of ± 15 μm is achievable. The maximum tooling-up time depends on the required operating temperature.


The paper gives an overview about the testing requirements to verify the product integrity and capability for high-voltage power products. Testing approaches respectively examples from the high-voltage, high-power and mechanical testing laboratory are presented and important testing aspects are discussed. Moreover, other general laboratory requirements aspects such as accreditation or environmental requirements are discussed as well. Finally, the testing capabilities of the switchgear factory Berlin are presented.


Intensified collaboration in inter-organizational networks is a driving force for the utilization of collaborative technologies (CT). However, with data leakages being discussed frequently in media, there is a rising consciousness of information security issues. These concerns are known to affect individual behavior. Despite the importance of this awareness, the role of information security for the acceptance of CT has not garnered significant attention in research. This paper accounts for this gap and extends the technology acceptance model by integrating the dimension of perceived information security. Moreover, it takes a socio-technical stance and incorporates the perspective of inter-personal trust. The study develops a theoretical model, which is then validated using data gathered from 121 network organizations in Germany. The results suggest that both perceived information security and inter-personal trust are important predictors for the intention to use CT and should be considered in the field of CT adoption research.


This research aims to find out how big the influence of learning behavior of students internship 3 against the interest become a teacher in the student's Program Study Accounting Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences UMS Academics years 2016/2017.
This research is a type of quantitative research descriptive research with design. Population of 159 students who were taken as much as 65 students as samples by using Simple Random Sampling technique. The instruments used are questionnaire. While its data analysis techniques using a prerequisite test analysis by using a test of normality and test linieritas, and whose hypotheses testing using simple linear regression analysis, t-test, the coefficient of determination (R2).
 The results showed there was a positive and significant influence among variables student learning behavior internship 3 (X) against interest became a teacher (Y) in the student's Program Studying Accounting Education UMS, indicated by the correlation coefficient of 0,586 which indicates that the relationship between correlation of variables (X) against (Y) belongs to the very powerful, and the value of the coefficient of determination of the variable X against Y yields a value of 0,344. This indicates that the variable learning behavior student internship 3 has contributed to the interest to become a teacher on student education courses academic year UMS 2016/2017 Accounting of 34,4%, while the rest of 65,6% are affected by variables outside the research model as variables the motivation for learning, learning outcomes, learning, achievement and teaching competence.


Digital processing and classification of biomedical images through artificial neural networks is the aim of this thesis. In the first part of the thesis are reviewed the basics of digital image processing and the basics of classification using simple or 'shallow' neural networks. Within the digital image processing section, 2D filters for image enhancement and region growing for image segmentation are studied in more detail and through clarifying examples. Deep learning and deep neural networks and presented and analyzed in the following section. In the experimental part of the thesis, four binary classification experiments are designed and carried out on sets of biomedical images using shallow and deep neural networks. Comparison of the results reveals that deep neural networks offer improved classification performance.


Experimental investigation of unstable detonation front structure in mixtures of liquid high explosives (nitromethane and FEFO—bis-(2-fluor-2.2-dinitroethyl)-formal) with inert diluents (acetone, methanol, DETA—diethylene triamine) has been carried out. Inhomogeneities have been registered by electro-optical camera NANOGATE 4BP allowing to make 4 frames with the exposure time 10 ns. According to experimental results the detonation front in nitromethane–acetone mixture is unstable. It is evident that pulsations on detonation front do not form spatial periodic structure and their dimensions differ several times. But mean longitudinal size of pulsation is about 500 μm at 20 wt% of acetone concentration. This means that the typical size of cell equals to reaction zone width. The same structure of cellular front have been registered in 70/30 FEFO–methanol mixture. Second kind of instability, failure waves, was observed in neat nitromethane at the free surface. In this case the stability loss result in turbulent flow which is clearly detected in the shots obtained. Adding small amount of DETA (0.5 wt%) results in disappearance of the failure waves and flow stabilization. The effect is caused by the fact that DETA sharply accelerates initial rate of chemical reaction because it is sensitizer for nitromethane.


With the development of economy, science and technology, the quality and level of fields like industry, agriculture and medical treatment have improved obviously. The scientific and technological progress has promoted the development of TV in our country. The advertising is an indispensable part of TV and one of the effective ways for enterprises to publicize. After the 21st century, people don't highly praise the traditional advertising art any longer. One of the key topics is how to innovate in the TV advertising art, in order to drive the development of TV industry. This paper researches and analyzes the innovation and breakthrough of TV advertising art in the era of media convergence. Keywords—media convergence; TV advertising art; innovation and breakthrough


In this research, we analyzed the Covid-19 phenomena in the USA through analysis of Twitter data related to the Covid-19 pandemic in USA. We made this analysis with Twitter data from April and May of the year 2020. What we did differently in this research was focusing on one hashtag only so that we could focus on a fixed community. Our goal is to see if there is a connection or a pattern that could be found between the different output measures and plots. To do this, we focused on the country of the USA as a use-case. The difference in this analysis is that we didn't create our dataset by downloading data generally related to Covid-19 in the USA (from multiple tags), but rather we tracked one Twitter hashtag, ensuring that we track a certain group of the population so we could be sure about our population interest calculation results.


Minimally invasive interventions for myomata treatment have gained acceptance due to the possibility of preserving fertility with reduced trauma induced by laparotomy as way of entrance. There are insufficient data regarding outcomes of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in non-Asiatic women. Therefore, we revised the available evidence to present an expert opinion that could support physicians, patients and policy-makers for considering this approach in other populations. We revisited systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials and cohort studies from January 2018 to August 2021 using PubMed and Google scholar, regarding short and long term outcomes after ablation with focused ultrasound waves. In total, 33 studies, including 114,810 adult patients showed that outcomes of this approach depend on several parameters directly related with resistance to thermal ablation, especially fibroid size and vascularization. Two studies report satisfactory outcomes in Afro-American women. In accordance to the technique used, fibroid volume reduction showed to be higher in fibroids <300 cm3 after ultrasound guided HIFU than after MRI guided. Compared to myomectomy and uterine artery embolization, HIFU seems to have shorter hospital stay, higher pregnancy rates and similar adverse events rates, with skin burn being the most reported. Symptoms and quality of life improvement is similar to myomectomy but lower than embolization, however reintervention rate is higher after HIFU. Lacks evidence about long-term sarcoma risk after ablation. Available evidence shows that HIFU can be considered as a uterine sparing treatment for women of different ethnicities suffering of uterine myomatosis, especially for those wishing to preserve their fertility.


Physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics determine ecosystem and agro ecosystem fertility. The role of microbial activity is very important in the kinetics of soil processes such as mineralization and immobilization, as well as other biogeochemical cycles of essential nutrients. The use of beneficial soil microorganisms in agriculture has been increasing, as these organisms directly influence development and plant growth on the agro ecosystems. Microorganisms should be considered as basic agro ecosystem components in order to reach sustainability, care of natural resources and environmental protection.


The article presents suggestions for the design of three-layer floor slabs: two extreme layers made from ordinary concretes and one middle layer of lightweight. In the article method of determining the reduced cross section structures is given. It is shown that the most appropriate to use the ratio of secant modulus of deformation of concrete, also given appropriate calculation formulas.


Heterodiffusion of 65Zn in Mg, Mg – x Al (x = 1.77, 3.9 and 9 wt.% Al) and in the commercial AZ91 alloy was studied in the temperature interval 498 – 848 K by serial sectioning and residual activity methods. The concentration and temperature dependence of Zn bulk diffusion coefficient D is described by the relation D = exp (0.1 × cAl – 9.16) × exp (-125.8 kJ mol-1/RT) m2 s-1 (cAl – concentration of Al in wt.%). Zn grain boundary diffusivity P = s δ Db (s – segregation factor, δ - grain boundary width and Db – diffusion coefficient in grain boundary) was also determined and it was found that it obeys the Arrhenius law P = 7.2 × 10-15 × exp (-46 kJ mol-1/RT) m3 s-1.