The article presents the legal regime in public law applicable to the mandate of the local representatives. Unlike the private law mandate, the public law mandate is not defined in any normative act, does not have a detailed regulation, his juridical nature and characteristics being established by the doctrine, starting from the common fundament of the public and private law mandate, which is of the essence of the mandate. The interdiction of the imperative mandate is in fact a means of protection of the freedom and independence of the members of the Parliament. On the political side, the disregard of the commitments of the elected person towards the political party may have as a consequence the expulsion from the party. In the second part of the article the arguments for a unitary regime of the national and local public law mandate are presented. In addition to that proposals have been made, on one side for reconsidering the case law of the Constitutional Court with respect to the public law mandate and the modification of Law no. 393/2004 concerning the local representatives, and on the other side, in accordance with the constitutional provisions which forbid the interactive mandate.


Cultural quality education is of fundamental position and function in the quality education of college students. It is the most basic quality of college students and has great effects on forming and developing other qualities. During the process of implementing quality education, we must strengthen the education and cultivation of college students' cultural quality. However, there are many problems in the process of implementing college students' cultural quality education in colleges and universities of our country, especially in universities of science and engineering, which has became an important barrier for college students to improve their comprehensive quality.


(57) Abstract: Power breaker has a closing contact device (3), the pole unit with extinguishing device (4) and the flow path (19) (1). Blocking gas flowing out of the arc extinguishing device (4) is received in the channel (19), is guided to the side of the opening and closing contact device of the arc extinguishing device after the cooling and (4) the opposite side (3). Entire gas space of the circuit breaker is substantially closed. Flow path (19) may comprise a valve device (27) and the deionization apparatus (24).


For outstanding services to the development of mathematical sciences and to the training of scientific personnel, and on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, Hero of Socialist Labour Academician Andrei Nikolaevich Tikhonov is awarded an Order of Lenin and a second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle". To mark the feats of labour of Hero of Socialist Labour Comrade A.N. Tikhonov a bronze bust is to be erected in the Hero's native land.


Performance of conventional baseband digital predistortion method for power amplifiers (PAs) degrades severely as the accuracy of loop delay compensation (LDC) decreases. The existing LDC error free method based on cumulative distribution function (CDF) neglects the phase nonlinearity of PA and therefore further application is limited. An improved CDF predistortion method is proposed in this paper, which considers not only amplitude nonlinearity but also phase nonlinearity of PAs. Experiment based on High Frequency (HF) PA is done, and the results show that the proposed method works well in compensating the amplitude and phase nonlinearities of HF PA, and the performance in third-order intermodulation (3IM) of the PA output can be improved by 23 dB, but the improvement of the conventional CDF method is 8 dB.


The combining ability and heritability of hybrid rice parents,were estimated to provide an important theoretic foundation for breeding of hybrid rice parents and combinations.Five indica sterile lines were crossed with five indica restoring lines by incomplete dialle cross design.The six main agronomic traits of their F1 were analyzed to estimate their combining ability and heritability of hybrid rice parents.The results showed that plant height,effective panicle,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight and yield per plant were affected by the additive effect mainly.There was no significant corresponding relationship between general combining ability and specific combining ability of different characters of hybrid rice parents.The effect of the male parent on effective panicle,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight and yield per plant was higher than that of the female parent,while the effect of the female parent on plant height was higher than that of the male parent.Narrow heritability of the six main agronomic traits was 1000-grain weightplant heightseed setting rategrain number per panicleeffective panicle yield per plant.


Summary form only given. Between the output electrodes of a 500 kV/400 kA/100 ns pulsed-power generator, two Al wires each with diameter of 10-100 mum crossing and touching at a single point constitute an "x" shape load. The cross position explodes first and then pinches axially to form so-called X-pinch plasma as current is delivered to the "x" wires. In order to analyze the energy spectra of ion beams emitted from x-pinch, a compact Thomson spectrometer was designed and constructed. It consists of an entrance window, a pair of small permanent magnets, an exit pinhole, and a high sensitive nuclear track detector of CR-39 plastic plate. Ion beams experience deflections in the electromagnetic field, and then hit the target (CR-39 plastic) at different positions and form craters, then the craters form different parabolic track with different ratio of ion mass to ion charge. By counting the track density of the parabolas, charge state resolved energy spectra of ion beams were obtained


In this article I defend innocuousism– a weak form of Epicureanism about the putative badness of death. I argue that if we assume both mental statism about wellbeing and that death is an experiential blank, it follows that death is not bad for the one who dies. I defend innocuousism against the deprivation account of the badness of death. I argue that something is extrinsically bad if and only if it leads to states that are intrinsically bad. On my view, sometimes dying may be less good than living, but it is never bad to die.


Graduation design is an important stage of realizing the raise goal in higher vocational education,as well as the important process of summary,refinement,sublimation for the overall quality of students,raise effect and study effect.This paper analyzed the current problems existing in graduation design,and put forward the points and proposals on how to improve the selection of topic,process monitoring,graduation reply,and check to supervisor.


Cover song identification (CSI) has been a challenging task and an import topic in music information retrieval (MIR) commu-nity. In recent years, CSI problems have been extensively stud-ied based on deep learning methods. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for CSI based on a joint representation learning method inspired by multi-task learning. In specific, we propose a joint learning strategy which combines classification and metric learning for optimizing the cover song model based on WideResNet, called LyraC-Net. Classification objective learns separable embeddings from different classes, while metric learning optimizes embedding similarity by decreasing the inter-class distance and increasing the intra-classs separabil-ity. This joint optimization strategy is expected to learn a more robust cover song representation than methods with single training objectives. For the metric learning, prototypical network is introduced to stabilize and accelerate the training process, to-gether with triplet loss. Furthermore, we introduce SpecAugment, a popular augmentation method in speech recognition, to further improve the performance. Experiment results show that our proposed method achieves promising results and outperforms other recent CSI methods in the evaluations.


In order to provide a notification system for the blind awaiting a bus, a classification of viewpoints is necessary. In a previous study, we classified the viewpoints in non-congested traffic using road features extraction. However, the viewpoints in congested traffic have not yet been discussed; hence this paper proposes a viewpoints classification using car distribution on the road in congested traffic. The study aimed to classify the viewpoints to two classes as «Good Viewpoints» and «Bad Viewpoints" with 100 images for each class. The experimental results showed a 76% accuracy of the proposed method.


Improvement of the reliability of the static UPS-system is gained by using parallel-redundant systems. A successful method for control and supervise such systems is explained. To improve the availability, a modern microprocessor supervision system for correct charging control and monitoring the remaining protection time is presented.


Linear continuous inhomogeneous strains (LCISs) are considered in decagonal and octagonal quasicrystalline lattices. At such strains, the magnitudes of position displacements are proportional to the strain value and the flip-flops of positions are absent. All possible variants of the spontaneous lowering of a quasicrystalline symmetry due to the appearance of such strains are enumerated. A possibility of the LCIS to be induced by the linear homogeneous field of mechanical stresses is shown. Manifestations of LCISs in reciprocal space are discussed.


This article examines how intercultural training affects an actor's performance and self-definition in jingju (Peking/Beijing 'opera'), focusing on the historical context of 1980s Taiwan. It takes Kingdom of Desire (1986), an adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth, as a particular example to demonstrate radical transformations of an established performing arts tradition. Wu Hsing-Kuo, the director as well as the lead actor of Kingdom of Desire, provides insight into his acting experience to highlight how a contemporary actor combines the traditional training methods of jingju and modern dance to recreate Shakespeare's canonical work.


The theory of non-linear oscillations established the hypothesis that there exists an object called "neutrino" is a consequence of misinterpretation of a system of tracks that occur after neutron-to-proton transformation. The reason for such misinterpretation was bad knowledge of the basic "classic" physics and the lack of necessary "classic" physical intuition. This explains sixty years of failed neutrino experiments. Identification of structures of electrons, neutrons, protons, and photons allowed for a detailed "classic" understanding of neutron-to-proton transformation mechanism, and a detailed "classic" clarity of atomic nucleus structures at an imaginative level. ● XXIV.1. History of "Neutrino" Concept Having confined themselves to observable details in the phenomenon of "spontaneous" disintegration of nuclei, physicists concluded that these details spoke for the fact that the energy conservation law is broken in the phenomenon. However, this law has been fulfilled at all times in all known phenomena. This law, in physicists' opinion, could be fulfilled in the said phenomenon as well, if only those disintegration reactions involved some unobservable particle. Thus, in 1931, the hypothesis emerged thanks to W.Pauli's ability that there exists the material world a material particle called "neutrino". The hypothesis required experimental evidence. At first, test instruments were deployed in deep mines, then in ocean deeps, and then in the depth of the reserved Baikal. However, the expected results have not been achieved despite of a stream of motivating Nobel prizes awarded not for findings but for the perseverance demonstrated. At present, there is a new, Protvino Mediterranean experiment under preparations.


The present study was undertaken to develop value added food product by incorporating Aloe vera leavesas well as to evaluate organoleptic quality of prepared food product. The product namely Sprouts Cutlet was made by incorporating Aloe vera leaves 10 percent, 15 percent and 20 percent level refers as T1, T2,T3 respectively. The product wereorganoleptically evaluated for the colour and appearance, body and texture, taste and flavour and overall accepatability using Nine point Hedonic scale. Sensory evaluation revealed highest score for Overall acceptability for the treatment T1 (8.53) that is at 10 percent enrichment. It can be therefore concluded that Aloe vera leaves can be suitably incorporated in various products.


This paper presents a new modeling of elevator group intelligent scheduling system with destination floor guidance. The traditional input mode of separate hall call registration and the destination selection is improved to a single-input mode. On this basis, dynamic partition method in up-peak traffic is studied. This method means dynamically adjust division of floor region based on flow rate and distribution of passenger. Dynamic programming algorithm is used to solve this problem. Through regroupment and classification for ensemble of hall call communication, prediction of multi-objective evaluation items is proposed. Fuzzy Neural Network is constructed and applied further to realize the optimal scheduling policy. Simulated results show that the presented elevator model is effective and the optimized scheduling algorithm has advantaged improvement for overall performance of elevator system.


Tissue sections of cat skeletal muscle were analysed for adrenergic fibres by a specific histochemical fluorescence technique. Fibres with green fluorescence and varicosities typical of adrenergic fibres were seen almost exclusively surrounding the external muscular layer of the small arteries in the tissue. No adrenergic nerve fibres could be detected after postganglionic sympathetic denervation of the muscles. Reserpine (5 mg/kg i.v.) caused a complete disappearance of the fluorescence of the fibres within a few hours after administration. Decentralization of the sympathetic nerves to the muscles prevented the fibres from losing fluorescence after reserpine. An infusion of noradrenaline 24 hours after reserpine administration caused a reappearance of fluorescent nerve fibres of practically normal appearance. A certain amount of noradrenaline could be detected by biochemical assay both in decentralized muscles 5 to 9 hours after reserpine administration and in muscles from reserpine-treated animals in which noradrenaline had been infused. The data support the view that a small amount of noradrenaline can be retained in adrenergic nerves by mechanisms which are resistant to the effect of reserpine.


The effects of climate change continues to be a growing modern-day challenge. Climate change-induced heat stress disrupts reproductive and fertility systems in livestock. In males, it modifies the physiology of the spermatogenic cycle resulting to poor quality semen and high prevalence of secondary sperm defects. In female livestock, heat stress decreases the production of gonadotrophins, results to hormonal imbalance, decreases the quality of oocytes, and lengthens the oestrous period leading to infertility. These effects can be reversed through genetic modifications, nutritive supplementation, physical cooling mechanisms, and hormonal therapies. The successful implementation of the ameliorative strategies is pegged on improved research and their combined administration. Ultimately, climate change mitigation and adaptation are indispensable to overcome fertility problems in livestock among other environmental effects of the climate variations.


Myasthenia gravis (MG) is caused by complement‐fixing antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors (AChR). Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), Th17 cells, and recognition of AChR epitopes by CD4+ T cells are fundamental. Novel biological agents now in the offing, offer the potential for specific treatment options in MG by targeting the following: (1) T cell intracellular signaling pathways, costimulation, and transduction molecules; (2) B cells, against CD20 molecules, or the B cell trophic factors BAFF and APRIL; (3) complement, against C5 that intercepts the formation of MAC; (4) cytokines and cytokine receptors targeting interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐17, and the Janus tyrosine kinases (JAK)1 and JAK3; and (5) cellular adhesion and T cell migration molecules. Reengineering of pathogenic antibodies (i.e., molecular decoys) by constructing recombinant antibodies that block the complement binding of the pathogenic AChR antibodies is an additional approach. The promising therapeutic profile of these agents should be weighted against excessive cost and rare complications necessitating the need for controlled trials to secure efficacy and balance benefit against risks.


The interaction of the atom-like defects in semiconductors with external fields provides an avenue to quantum information processing and nanoscale sensors. Meanwhile, external fields may induce instability of the desired charge state of the defects. It is essential to understand how the charge state of a defect is affected by external fields that introduced in diverse applications. In this letter, we explore the stability of the negatively charged state (NV–) and the neutral state (NV0) of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond under stress by first-principles calculations. We find that the relative stability of NV– to NV0 is always reduced by the stress if the NV center is free to relax its orientation. Once the NV center has formed and retains its orientation, however, the relative stability of NV– can be always enhanced by compressive stress along its trigonal symmetry axis. We believe that the results are not only significant for control of the charge stability of NV center but also enlightening ...


RCTs have saved countless lives. But, in a world of complex medical conditions and personalised treatment plans, are they still fit for purpose? Herbert I. Weisberg looks to the past in search of a way forward


This study examined 360 degree feedback for performance evaluation of directors and its relation to quality of life assessment was done. In one research study is descriptive and correlational. The 159 students of Lorestan Petrochemical Company's Directors. To calculate the sample size refers to Table Talkman or Morgan - Cohen 113 people will come in a number of samples to be analyzed is reasonable and reliable. Data collection methods and questionnaires library based on the five-choice Likert scale questionnaire to assess quality of life and work of Richard Walton model was used, and the performance evaluation questionnaires and 360 questionnaires were used to evaluate the performance of the feedback approach. 940 contain the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. , 93 0.0, 87 0.0, which is a reasonable rate for the questionnaire is reliable, content validity was confirmed by experts on both questionnaires. Levine's test and t-test for independent data on the comparison of two independent groups were analyzed. The results suggest that the 360-degree feedback method for evaluating the performance of managers and their quality of work life, and there is a positive meaningful relationship.


A vast array of devices, ranging from industrial robots to self-driven cars or smartphones, require increasingly sophisticated processing of real-world input data (image, voice, radio, …). Interestingly, hardware neural network accelerators are emerging again as attractive candidate architectures for such tasks. The neural network algorithms considered come from two, largely separate, domains: machine-learning and neuroscience. These neural networks have very different characteristics, so it is unclear which approach should be favored for hardware implementation. Yet, few studies compare them from a hardware perspective. We implement both types of networks down to the layout, and we compare the relative merit of each approach in terms of energy, speed, area cost, accuracy and functionality. Within the limit of our study (current SNN and machine learning NN algorithms, current best effort at hardware implementation efforts, and workloads used in this study), our analysis helps dispel the notion that hardware neural network accelerators inspired from neuroscience, such as SNN+STDP, are currently a competitive alternative to hardware neural networks accelerators inspired from machine-learning, such as MLP+BP: not only in terms of accuracy, but also in terms of hardware cost for realistic implementations, which is less expected. However, we also outline that SNN+STDP carry potential for reduced hardware cost compared to machine-learning networks at very large scales, if accuracy issues can be controlled (or for applications where they are less important). We also identify the key sources of inaccuracy of SNN+STDP which are less related to the loss of information due to spike coding than to the nature of the STDP learning algorithm. Finally, we outline that for the category of applications which require permanent online learning and moderate accuracy, SNN+STDP hardware accelerators could be a very cost-efficient solution.


This paper introduced an integrated design of intelligent robot based on the SPCE061A.The intelligent robot can recognize specific voice command.It can correctly shift functions and accomplish the corresponding motion through recognizing specific voice command.


Monolithic views of languages predominate in linguistics, applied linguistics, and everyday discourse. The World Englishes, English as a Lingua Franca, and Critical Applied Linguistics frameworks have gone some way to counter the myth, highlighting the iniquities it gives rise to for global users and learners of English. Here, I propose that developing an understanding of 'plurilithic' Englishes informed by cognitively oriented linguistics (including generativism), can complement and consolidate valuable but often divisive socially oriented efforts to 'disinvent' named languages. I acknowledge problems associated with mainstream generativism, but argue that a complete repudiation of mentalistic notions of language is unhelpful. I suggest that a modified 'polylingually constituted' version of the Chomskyan I-language concept may be useful, capturing the bottom-up nature of individual language resources and drawing a clear contrast with folk ontologies of English as a named monolithic system (N-language). The emerging epistemological integration suggests that learning and use are determined by individuals' local experiences as non-conformist mental appropriators of external social practices, rather than by top-down notions of proficiency in monolithic national, foreign, international, or supranational varieties.


This chapter puts forth some guidelines for transformational government strategy measurement using balanced scorecard. The complexity of transformational government strategy is rooted in the multistakeholder environment it is derived from. The citizens, the businesses, and the administration have different interests and finding the right balance of these interests would be a challenge for any initiative. Everyone is a stakeholder in the transformational government, since everyone participates in the decision making process through democratic elections, everyone contributes to the financing of the government by paying taxes, and finally everyone uses government services. In this multistakeholder environment the balanced scorecard methodology can provide tools for effective measurement and management of the transformation of public services. Planning and presenting the strategy in strategy maps and creating a system of performance measures in a number of perspectives can ensure a foundation for effective management system of the transformational government on the strategic level.


mesas in the normal state, we have extended the normal state two-barrier modelfor the c-axis transport [M. Giura et al., Phys. Rev. B 68, 134505 (2003)] to the analysis of dI/dVcurves. We have found that the purely normal-state model reproduces all the following experimentalfeatures: (a) the parabolic V -dependence of dI/dV in the high-T region (above the conventionalpseudogap temperature), (b) the emergence and the nearly voltage-independent position of the"humps" from this parabolic behavior lowering the temperature, and (c) the crossing of the abso-lute dI/dV curves at a characteristic voltage V


Molecular imprinting polymers (mips) against cbz-l-ser, cbz-l-ala and cbz-l-pro utilizing acrylamide plus 2-vinylpyridine as combined basic functional monomers were prepared and evaluated in high-performance liquid chromatography mode. less rigid molecules, cbz-l-ser and cbz-l-ala, which have suitable chemical functional groups to interact with the functional monomers were successfully imprinted and the mips shaved excellent chiral separation ability to the imprinted enantiomer. it was found that not the rigidity but the suitable chemical functional groups of the imprinted molecule to interact with the functional monomers was a key problem to realize molecular imprinting.


The article presents new digital radiography systems. The principles of digital radiography and differences between traditional and digital radiography units are discussed. Two types of digital radiography systems are compared. The principles of the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), Radiological Information System (RIS), and Hospital Information System (HIS) connected with digital radiography are presented. The benefits of digital radiography for hospitals, radiologists, physicians, and patients are discussed (Adv Clin Exp Med 2009, 18, 6, 641–648).


With the emergence of smartphones, touchpads, as well as IP TVs, the enabling technologies for an interactive online shopping became important. The conceptual and technological issues around interactive online shopping environment are discussed by starting from investigating strengths and weaknesses of the Shopperama case.


This article examines the relations between Hollywood and the Chinese film industry in the distribution system in the 1920s and 1930s. It shows that the distribution system of China naively mimicked Hollywood in the 1920s. After a decade, the distribution system grew into maturity, and its uniqueness emerged. I characterize hybridization as a way of explaining the process of China's response to Hollywood in the field of distribution. It suggests that the analysis of power relations is key to identifying different patterns, stages and types of mixing in the process of China's response to Hollywood.


Pathfinder is a free online career guidance tool which allows registered users to answer questions about themselves, generate career ideas, and gain support through the decisionmaking process. Pathfinder was launched in New Zealand in July 2004 as a recent development to the career information site KiwiCareers (http://www.kiwicareers.govt. nz). A pilot programme was completed with six senior high school students using an online mentoring activity within Pathfinder. The online mentoring activity allows a career practitioner to remotely view the progress of a client as they work through Pathfinder and provide them with suggestions about activities to complete and comments and advice on career suggestions provided by Pathfinder. Results indicate the asynchronous communication method allows the students and career practitioner the ability to reflect on and discuss in depth the suggested career ideas. However, nearly all of the students said they would prefer a blended approach (a mix of online and face-to-face) in helping them make career decisions. Further investigation and research is needed into how factors such as the client's literacy level, IT ability, preferred learning style, and cognitive ability affect the online career planning process.


The benefit obtained from certain types of public land such as parks, walking and bicycle trails,
public facilities, hospitals, schools, transport links, coastal foreshores and water frontages is
universally recognized. Conceptualising these benefits within a liveability framework is new,
complex and challenging.
The 'Contribution of Public Land to Melbourne's Liveability' report has been prepared for the
Victorian Environmental Assessment Council (VEAC) as part of its 'Metropolitan Melbourne
Investigation', an investigation of Crown land and public authority land in 29 municipalities in
metropolitan Melbourne. The Terms of Reference for this investigation require VEAC to report,
amongst other things, on the contribution of public land to Melbourne's liveability and the
opportunities for enhancing this contribution.
The report provides a conceptual framework for categorising and measuring the contribution
public land makes to Melbourne's liveability. The framework is developed through an
examination of liveability theory relevant to Victorian policy discourse, together with a review of
liveability and environmental literature correlated to public land use within Melbourne.


Over the last several decades, the use of risk/need assessments has had a great impact on correctional classification and treatment decisions. One instrument that is now being used by many correctional agencies in the United States is the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R). Criticisms of the LSI-R include failure to consider physical and sexual abuse as risk factors and failure to modify the instrument for the assessment of female offenders. Using a sample of 442 offenders (317 male and 125 female), this research investigates (a) the validity of the LSI-R for both females and males and (b) the relationship between childhood abuse, the LSI-R, and recidivism rates. Analyses indicated that the LSI-R is a valid (predictive) instrument for this sample of female offenders and that a history of prior abuse fails to add to the prediction of reincarceration, once risk is controlled for using the LSI-R. Implications for further research are discussed.


The invention discloses jackfruit health care wine and a making method of the jackfruit health care wine. The method comprises the following steps that (1) jackfruit pulp is taken out from jackfruit to be frozen and dried, and then the jackfruit pulp is smashed to particles with the particle size being not larger than 0.5 cm; (2) according to the solid and liquid ratio of 1:3-5, the obtained product from the step (1) is placed in water and stirred for 1-2 hour at the temperature of 30-40 DEG C, wherein the stirring speed is 100-150 rpm; (3) solid phase matter in the step (2) is taken out and dried at the temperature of 50-55 DEG C, and a pickled jackfruit raw material is obtained; (4) by weight, 50-80 parts of pickled jackfruit raw materials, 10-15 parts of lycium Chinese mill, 10-20 parts of honey-fried licorice roots and 400-600 parts of white spirits with the alcoholic strength being larger than 40 degrees are mixed at the temperature of 18-25 DEG C and sealed, stored and soaked for more than a half year in a dark mode; (5) liquid supernatant of the obtained product from the step (4) is obtained, and therefore the jackfruit health care wine is obtained. The jackfruit health care wine made through the steps is low in sulfide content and good in taste, and has a remarkable health care function.


Alcoholism as a new nosological entity in psychiatry as well as its pheno- menology began to be studied seriously for the purpose of finding out the most efficient therapeutic approach in the treatment. Systemic family therapy of alcoholism has until now been found to be the most comprehensive method of understanding the family dysfunction of alcoholism. Many therapeutic techniques and methods are applied in this therapy. To clear up the complex dynamics of family relationship having developed alcoholism various therapeutic concepts were introduced, such as: triangulation, trans-generation transmission, differentiation, nucleus family emotional process, that is: emotional distance, marital conflicts. partners, dysfunction. siblings, positions, etc. In this way a whole family system could be better understood and the therapeutic approach enriched. The new entities, such as: marital problems of alcoholics, alcoholic family, adolescent alcoholism, alcoholism in women, etc. are to be well-defined and differentiated. Group therapy was chosen as a best method in the treatment of the most frequent entity of marital problems of alcoholism. The family approach to alcoholism based on the principles and concepts of system therapy included many techniques of systemic therapy, strategic, structural, functional, problem-focused and integrative ones. Our therapeutic program consisted predominantly of the strategic therapeutic approach (directives and tasks, joining, re-labeling, positive connotation, paradoxical intervention, etc.) the structural one and some others. The role of the therapist is very important because of his high responsibility for the course and outcome of the therapy.


A diagnostic technique with high time resolution in the velocity-history measurement is presented by coupling an electronic streak camera with a push-pull type velocity interferometer system for any reflector. This technique has been applied to investigate the dynamic tensile spall induced by laser irradiation in pure aluminum by measuring the free surface velocity profiles of samples. Laser irradiation intensities are in the range of 1010–1012W∕cm2. Spall strength in pure aluminum is calculated from the measured free surface velocity profile as a function of the tensile strain rate. The results show a rapid increase with the tensile strain rate more than 106s−1. The damage influence on the tensile spall of laser-irradiated pure aluminum is analyzed by experimental and numerical studies. In the frame of percolation theory, a physical model is proposed to describe the rapid stress release due to void coalescence. A good agreement between the calculation and the experiment is obtained.


: Through multimedia teaching methods, it can provide a good and harmonious learning environment for cultivating students' innovative awareness and practical ability, transform the classroom into a place where students can freely guess in the learning process, and divergent thinking can improve the quality of teaching level through the scientific and reasonable application of multimedia teaching methods in the course of Analytical Geometry.


Overview and focus The workshop, sponsored by the AIM and the NSF, examined state-of-the-art techniques in spectral geometry with an emphasis on shape optimization problems. One of the goals was to attract the community to recent challenging optimization problems involving surface interactions, which are described by imposing appropriate boundary conditions. The considered open problems can be logically separated into one large category with several sub-categories and two satellite categories.


Study on NO2 absorption aimed at seeking a better NO2 absorption chemical at pH 4.5∼7.0 for application to existing wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD). The results from the double-stirred reactor indicated that ascorbic acid has very high absorption rate at this pH range. The rate constant of ascorbic acid reaction with NO2 (0∼1000×10−6 mol/mol) is about 3.54×106 mol/(L·s) at pH 5.4∼6.5 at 55 °C.


The objective of our study was to determine the contrast attenuation level that yields high quality cardiac three‐dimensional (3‐D) images and to predict the contrast injection rate (IR), from body weight, to reach this attenuation level. Enhanced electron beam computerized tomography (EBCT) with 3‐D reconstruction is useful in delineating cardiac anatomy in complex congenital heart disease (CHD). The current experience of using electron beam angiography (EBA) in pediatric CHD is limited. Well‐defined contrast injection protocols, specifically the contrast IR, have not been standardized when compared to those for adults. Establishing the contrast IR is essential in obtaining high quality 3‐D images. We retrospectively analyzed the studies of 115 pediatric patients with CHD. EBA images were divided into group 1 with good quality 3‐D images and group 2 with poor quality. The mean of measured enhancement level, expressed in Hounsfield units (HU), and contrast IR were analyzed in both groups. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between weight and IR. The IR was predicted from weight using simple linear regression analysis. The mean level of enhancement was 344 ± 91 and 174 ± 31 HU for group 1 and group 2, respectively. Group 1 consisted of 103 patients (90%) and the IR strongly correlated with weight (ρ = 0.861, P < 0.01). The IR was estimated from the linear regression equation IR = 0.59 + 0.056 × weight. Necessary contrast enhancement level for quality 3‐D reconstruction should be greater than 250 HU, and the IR can be estimated from patient's weight. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Ziziphora tenuior L. is an aromatic herb of Labiatae family, which naturally and widely distributed in Iran. In this study, in order to compare the effect of different environmental parameters on trichomes morphology and distribution, three different geographical populations of Z. tenuior were surveyed with (SEM)and (LM) of leaves, calyx and stem.20 trichomes type were described. Digitiform trichomes were of 4 types: 1to 4-celled. 1-celled type was restricted to Saveh and Zarandiyeh and 4-celled type belongs to Madane samples. Conidial trichomes with 2 basal cells could be seen in Saveh and Zarandiyeh samples and sessile type of them were scarce and was restricted to Zarandiyeh samples. Short- stalked capitates hairs with two basal cells and a unicellular head was restricted to Saveh and Zarandiyeh samples and short- stalked capitates with a bicellular head only could be seen in Zarandiyeh samples. Long-stalked capitate trichome with a unicellular globoid head was restricted to Madane and Zarandiyeh populations and long-stalked capitate with a bicellular triangular head was restricted to Saveh samples. Non-glandular trichomes were in two main groups: thin-walled and thick-walled trichomes. Thick-walled trichomes were presented as: triangular and short 2- celled. Thin-walled trichomes were presented as: elongated and flexuose7to11-celled, large 2 to5-celled, pricks-less and short 2 to3- celled. All these types were presented on all populations, but the nature of surface sculpturing was varying among samples. This study show that the soil type was much effective than other ecological factors, such as altitude of growth habit and climate on diversification of plants


Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis is the key to reducing mortality rate of breast cancer. This paper introduces the application and development of mammography,ultrasound,MRI, nuclear medicine and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD),and new technology of electrical impedance, electrical palpation,etc. The current issue, namely, paragraph 2~4 of the paper,mainly introduces the technology development of mammography in ultrasound,MRI and nuclear medicine area.


A series of perovskite-type compounds La 0.7 Sr 0.3 Mn 1-x Cu x O 3 have been synthesized by solid state reaction with x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25. 0.30. The Curie temperature and transition temperature of metal-insulator decreases when x value increases from 0 to 0.20. There is an enhancement of magnetoresistance ΔR/R 0 of compounds La 0.7 Sr 0.3 Mn 1-x Cu x O 3 at room temperature which may be connected with the shift of Curie temperature and transition temperature of metal-insulator through Cu atom substitution. On the contrary, the increase of resistivity is due to the reduction of the double-exchange interaction.


In addition to maintaining and renovating the historical sites,historical construction,traditional residence,Gauntlet and historical culture evidence and so on,the historic conservation sparkplugs the conservation and utilization of various positive factors of economic,social and cultural structures in the cultural heritage districts.At present,the tourism industry and academia have always been focusing on its economic role,but its social and cultural impacts have not yet been paid sufficient attention,consequently the ancient villages-based cultural tourism heritage districts particularly have been facing many difficulties.It is therefore necessary to learn and integrate the theory,method and practice of the historic districts,non-material cultural heritages and folk cultural issues with architecture,urban planning,geography,folklore and ethnology,establish a multi-disciplinary and multi-level system to preserve the historic cultural tourism sites,follow the principles of physical and environmental legacy integrity,cultural authenticity and community involvement and reconstruction,and implement the strategies of historical and cultural reserves,museumization,and cultural and social traditions revival experiments through innovative and comprehensive conservation mechanisms.


Abstract Enantiomeric gas chromatography (GC) has demonstrated the potential for a broad array of applications in diverse industries; it remains a dynamic area for analytical chiral separations. This article reviews original research papers published in the period from 2001 to present, dealing with the applications of chiral GC for direct enantiomeric separation of optically active components in natural products, asymmetric synthesis, environmental contaminants and those important to space science, agricultural, food, flavor and fragrance industries. The applications are the grouped by chiral stationary phase (CSP) types and fields of interest.


Abstract The effect of temperature and pretreatment time of the hydrothermal pretreatment on the chemical compositions and enzymatic saccharification of poppy stalks was investigated. Hydrothermal pretreatment of poppy stalks was effective for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis yield. Hydrothermal pretreatment at 200 0 C for 60 minutes improved the amount of reducing sugar by three times compared to that obtained from unpretreated biomass. Lignin removal was positively affected by temperature.


Waqf is one of the sources of Islamic Economic system. It refers to the voluntary charity which has unique presence in Islam. Islamic law is the first law ever that defines and regulates Waqf as a civil societal institution. It started since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself. Waqf before Islam was always a religious exercise when a rich person assigns a property to the temple and monks would use it for the temple expenses. In present, it has proved around the globe that Micro Credit and Safety Net Program are not successful in reducing poverty and income inequality. In this context, Waqf can be one of the vital alternatives alongside Zakah because early history indicates free education, scholarship, orphanage, free treatment etc as provided by Waqf based institutions. But current scenario shows that, Waqf based institutions are not growing at a considerable level. If we really want to do something for the needy and the poor, we have to revive this much needed institution. This paper shares and explores the current status of the Waqf sector in Bangladesh from socio-economic perspective and underlines the areas that need a fresh look for revitalization and proper utilization of Waqf. The paper also tries to assess the role of Waqf in sustainable economic development and reducing poverty in the context of Bangladesh. There are some specific suggestions and recommendations that deserve serious consideration for the development of Waqf in the country.


are no longer tolerated in modern school circles. The home and school league has become an effective agent in the elimination of such persons from control. In the districts in which these associations are frowned upon or prohibited, a free expression of public opinion is unwelcome. When managed aright they co6perate with the legally chosen school officials when school affairs are managed with care and discretion.


Fire corals of the hydrocoral genus Millepora provide an important ecological role as framework 18 builders of coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic. Recent works have demonstrated the incongruence between 19 molecular data and the traditional taxonomy of Millepora spp. based on overall skeleton growth form and pores. In an 20 attempt to establish a reliable and standardized approach for defining species boundaries in Millepora, we focused on 21 those from the Red Sea. In this region, three species are currently recognized the fan-shaped branching M. dichotoma, 22 the blade-like M. platyphylla, and the massive/encrusting M. exaesa. A total of 412 colonies were collected from six 23 localities. Two mitochondrial marker genes (COI and 16S rDNA) were sequenced to obtain phylogeny reconstructions 24 and haplotype networks. Eight morphological traits of pores and the nematocysts of both polyp and eumedusoid stages 25 were measured to determine if significant morphological differences occur among the three species. Both markers 26 clearly resolved M. dichotoma, M. platyphylla, and M. exaesa as distinct, monophyletic lineages in the Red Sea. 27 Nevertheless, they also revealed deep genetic breaks with Southwestern Indian Ocean populations of the three species. 28 Manuscript Click here to access/download;Manuscript;CORE Arrigoni et al Millepora.docx Click here to view linked References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 In the Red Sea, the three species were further distinguished based on their pore and nematocyst features. A 29 discriminant analyses revealed dactylopore density, number of dactylopores per gastropore, dactylopore distance, and 30 gastropore diameter as the most informative discriminative characters. The heteronemes, the large and small stenoteles 31 of polyps, and the distribution of mastigophores of eumedusoids also showed significantly interspecific differences. 32 An integrated morpho-molecular approach proved to be decisive in defining species boundaries of Millepora 33 supported by a combination of pore and nematocyst characters which may be phylogenetically informative. 34 35 Introduction 36 Species of the hydrocoral genus Millepora are popularly known as fire corals (Pourtales 1877). They are 37 colonial organisms building persistent calcareous skeletons and as such playing an important ecological role as 38 framework builders of coral reefs (Lewis 2006). These hydrocorals are among the most relevant reef builders in 39 shallow-water tropical seas, second only to scleractinians (Lewis 1989; Edmunds 1999; Smith et al. 2014). Millepora 40 occurs in tropical and sub-tropical coral reefs of both the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific and its depth distribution is 41 restricted from less than 1 m to about 50 m deep because of the obligate symbiosis with zooxanthellae of the genus 42 Symbiodinium (Boschma 1948, 1956; Cairns et al. 1999). 43 Despite the wide geographical distribution and the relevant ecological role, Millepora has scarcely been 44 investigated in coral reef studies and, in particular, its taxonomy and systematics are controversial and much debated 45 (Hickson 1898, 1899; Crossland 1948; Boschma 1948a, 1966; Moshchenko 1992, 1997; Razak and Hoeksema 2003; 46 de Souza et al. 2017). Fire corals have been historically identified based on morphological features such as colony 47 growth form, skeletal pores, and ampullae (Klunzinger 1879; Quelch 1884; Hickson 1898; Boschma 1948b, 1949, 48 1956). Nevertheless, all these morphological characters are intraspecifically variable and even in a single specimen as 49 a result of ecophenotypic variation (de Weerdt et al. 1981, 1984; Boschma 1948a; Moshchenko 1994, 1995a, 1996a; 50 Amaral et al. 1997; Dubé et al. 2017a, b). Although growth form has been traditionally used as the main diagnostic 51 character for species identification (Forskål 1775; Ehrenberg 1834; Duchassaing and Michelotti 1860; Klunzinger 52 1879; Hickson 1898; Crossland 1941; Boschma 1948a, b), this feature has been shown to be highly variable. For 53 example, Millepora platyphylla Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1834 in Vietnam displayed distinct morphotypes associated 54 to different reef zones and the occurrence of different colony growth forms was hypothesized to be related to factors 55 such as radiation availability, water movement, and settling suspended matter (Moshchenko 1995a). A complicating 56 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 3 factor herein is that juvenile Millepora corals usually start with an encrusting growth form (see e.g. Fig. 2g, Hoeksema 57 et al. 201: Fig. 1), which makes it difficult to distinguish species at early stage. Similarly, pore characters are known 58 to noticeably vary in response to the rapidity of growth and the amount of light on the skeleton surface and some 59 taxonomists have suggested to discard their use in Millepora taxonomy (Hickson 1898, 1899; Boschma 1948a, b). 60 However, Moshchenko (1994, 1995b, 1996b) proposed a quantitative approach for the analysis of pore structures and 61 was able to tell M. platyphylla apart from the branching Millepora species of the Indian Ocean. As a consequence of 62 this morphological variation, traditional morphology-based species identification since the first valid description of a 63 fire coral by Linnaeus (1758) generated more than 50 nominal species of Millepora, nine of which are now considered 64 valid in the Indo-Pacific and six in the Atlantic (Razak and Hoeksema 2003; Amaral et al. 2008; de Souza et al. 2017). 65 Recent outcomes of molecular phylogenetic analyses and DNA taxonomy have provided advantages for the 66 understanding of Millepora systematics and connectivity (López et al. 2015; Hoeksema et al. 2014; de Souza et al. 67 2017; Dubé et al. 2017c). The use of genetics has elucidated the identification and the geographic origin of fire corals 68 in some isolated and remote islands of the central and eastern Atlantic Ocean, including for example the Canaries, 69 Cape Verde Islands, and Ascension Island (López et al. 2015; Hoeksema et al. 2017). Moreover, the three endemic 70 species of the Brazilian province, i.e. Millepora braziliensis Veriill, 1868, Millepora nitida Veriill, 1868, and 71 Millepora laboreli Amaral, 2008, were successfully resolved based on molecular data although the traditional 72 morphological characters of pores were not sufficient to discriminate these taxa (de Souza et al. 2017). Nevertheless, 73 other studies have shown discordances between morphology-based taxonomy and genetics suggesting the need to 74 combine new molecular and morphological data for the definition of species boundaries (Meroz-Fine et al. 2003; 75 Ruiz-Ramos et al. 2014; Takama et al. 2018). For example, Ruiz-Ramos et al. (2014) genetically characterized four 76 Caribbean Millepora representatives, i.e. Millepora alcicornis Linnaeus, 1758, Millepora complanata Lamarck, 1816, 77 Millepora squarrosa Lamarck, 1816, and Millepora striata Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864, and recovered the latter 78 two species as distinct molecular lineages while the otherss form an unresolved species complex. Furthermore, a recent 79 study from Japan demonstrated that the three branching species Millepora dichotoma Forskål, 1775, Millepora 80 intricata Milne Edwards, 1860, and Millepora tenera Boschma, 1949 were receovered in a single molecular clade 81 while a previously unknown lineage of an encrusting Millepora form was discovered, which overgrows living 82 scleractinian corals (Takama et al. 2018). 83 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 4 Fire corals are abundant and common throughout the entire Red Sea, where they represent an ecologically 84 important group in shallow-water reef habitats. Three species are supposed to occur in the Red Sea (Boschma 1948), 85 i.e. Millepora dichotoma, Millepora platyphylla, and Millepora exaesa Forskål, 1775. The reef crest of the Red Sea 86 reef systems is usually dominated by conspicuous colonies of M. dichotoma and M. platyphylla in addition to 87 scleractinians (Loya 1972, 1976; Benayahu and Loya 1977; Perkol-Finkel and Benayahu 2004). Consequently, Loya 88 and Slobodkin (1971) introduced the concept of "Millepora zone" to identify the reef portion at depths of 0.2 to 3 m. 89 Because of this abundance, early taxonomists of the Red Sea coral fauna focused their attention on fire corals and 90 provided detailed descriptions of their morphological characters. Notably, the three aforementioned species were 91 described from the Red Sea (Forskål 1775; Ehrenberg 1834; Klunzinger 1879; Crossland 1941). The morphological 92 variation and the colony development of both M. dichotoma and M. exaesa from the northern tip of the Red Sea (the 93 Gulf of Eilat and Aqaba) were examined and described by Vago et al. (1997) and Meroz-Fine et al. (2003). Although 94 these authors considered M. exaesa as an ecomorph of M. dichotoma, they found significant differences in molecular 95 data (rDNA internal transcribed spacers), nematocyst capsule size, and colony growth form. Hence, theysuggested 96 that the two morphs represent two distinct entities (Meroz-Fine et al. 2003). Nevertheless, these works did not include 97 M. platyphylla and evaluated fire corals only from the northern Gulf of Eilat, an isolated part of the Red Sea 98 (Klausewitz 1989; Wolf-Vecht et al. 1992; DiBattista et al. 2016a, b). 99 With the aim to establish a reliable and standardized approach for species boundaries definition in Millepora, 100 this study uses a combination of molecu


In many surveillance systems there is a requirement todetermine whether a given person of interest has alreadybeen observed over a network of cameras. This paperpresents two approaches for this person re-identificationproblem. In general the human appearance obtained in onecamera is usually different from the ones obtained in anothercamera. In order to re-identify people the human signatureshould handle difference in illumination, pose andcamera parameters. Our appearance models are based onhaar-like features and dominant color descriptors. The AdaBoostscheme is applied to both descriptors to achieve themost invariant and discriminative signature. The methodsare evaluated using benchmark video sequences with differentcamera views where people are automatically detectedusing Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The reidentificationperformance is presented using the cumulativematching characteristic (CMC) curve.


The article begins with various legends about the theft of the Cup of Finhaven, another silver cup that the subject of this article has often been mistaken for. The author then moves on to the accurate history of the article's subject and presents the documentary evidence to support this history.


Due to their efficiency and control capabilities, induction motors fed with inverters have become prevalent in various industrial applications. However, ensuring the reliable operation of the motor and diagnosing faults on time are crucial for preventing unexpected failures and minimizing downtime. This paper systematically analyzes condition monitoring and practical diagnostic techniques for inverter-fed motor drive systems. This study encompasses a thorough evaluation of different methods used for condition monitoring and diagnostics of induction motors, with the most crucial faults in their stator, rotor, bearings, eccentricity, shaft currents, and partial discharges. It also includes an assessment of their applicability. The presented analysis includes a focus on the challenges associated with inverter-fed systems, such as high-frequency harmonics, common-mode voltages causing the bearing currents, and high voltage gradients (dv/dt) due to fast switching frequency, which can impact the motor operation, as well as its faults analysis. Furthermore, this research explores the usefulness and efficiency of various available diagnostic methods, such as motor current signature analysis and other useful analyses using advanced signal processing techniques. This study aims to present findings that provide valuable insights for developing comprehensive condition monitoring strategies, and practical diagnostic techniques that enable proactive maintenance, enhanced system performance, and improved operational reliability of inverter-fed motor drive systems.


Summary form only given. The experimental research of fusion DD reaction was provided on the dense plasma focus (DPF) device at the current above 1 MA and the total neutron yield at the level of 1010. The multiframe interferometry and X-ray diagnostics imaged the evolution of toroidal and plasmoidal structures, formed by closed currents with poloidal and toroidal components. The spontaneous evolution starts by the dominant toroidal current, continues by increase of the poloidal component and finished by the dominant poloidal one. The transformations are realized by reconnection of magnetic lines, similarly as in tokamak and astrophysical1 or in laser produced fusion plasmas 2. The ordered structures in DPF are similar to the field reverse and spheromak-like configurations with confined plasma in which the pressure of the pinching current is equaled by the pressures of the compressed plasma and repulsive component of magnetic field. The neutron production of fusion neutrons correlates with the formation and decay of plasmoids. We present the estimation of the radial distribution of the poloidal and toroidal current, its filamentary form3 and the possible acceleration mechanism of fast particles at the release of the part of magnetic energy during reconnection.


Currently, questionnaire surveys are becoming increasingly popular in the environmental- and -hygienic research. However, more often questionnaires are designed without adherence to the clear requirements developed for the questionnaire survey in sociological research, so the effectiveness of such surveys is quite low, the level of mathematical processing of the results is primitive, and the results may be unreliable. Objective:Wesystematizedtheapproachesusedfortheorganizationofsurveyandquestionnairedesign, consideredtheircorrectnessandexpediencyintheenvironmental-and-hygienicresearch, proposedmathematicalprocessingmethodstoimprovetheefficiencyofsurveyandtoachievethereliabilityoftheresults. The methods and approaches to the performance of survey, questionnaire design technologies, methods of mathematical processing of the survey results and analysis of data were the subject of the study. Results: Different types of questionnaire survey were considered. The criteria of questionnaires quality were formulated. The requirements for the organization and conduction of the survey were summarized. The basic requirements to the questionnaire structure and question formulations are presented. Different answer options were considered and systematized. Various adequate methods for mathematical processing of the questionnaire result data are offered. The variantsofthesurveyperformance arepresented. Conclusions: To increase the effectiveness of the survey, it is necessary to meet the mandatory requirements for its organization, design of the questionnaires and formulation of the questions. Obtaining of maximum information by the results of the survey is only possible with a use of adequate mathematical methods and appropriate software.Online survey is a modern way of the conduction of the environmental-and-hygienic research, which allows you to perform it quickly, efficiently, with an unlimited coverage of the population and obtain the reliable results.


Objective: To study antitumor effect of
helium-neon laser on tumor-bearing mice. Methods: Low-energy helium-neno laser irradiated
spleen region of the BALB/C mice with B16 melanoma cells,once a day,45 minutes.On the 27th
day,the mice in radiotherapy group and control group were observed histologically at different
course of treatment,and the tumor inhibition by laser was studied. Results:Abdominal tumor
nodes of the mice were more apparently reduced by laser radiation than those in the control
group at different course of treatment.The tumor-inhibition rate at the 1st,2nd,3rd course of
treatment was 23.23%,35.21%,52.76% respectively. Conclusion: Low-energy helium-neon laser
has antitumor effect.


The effect of the toxin on protoplasmic membrane protein was studied by the method of fluorescence,using 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid(ANS) as probe and taking the mesophyll protoplasts from maize leaves as the research system.After the liquid of protoplasts labeled ANS was injected with different toxin conc.,dosage-effect relationship existed because of the ANS fluorescence intensity increasing obviously,which indicated the toxin had some kinds of effects on receptor of ANS.Two types of reagents were employed to prove the proteic characteristic of ANS receptor,the result of which demonstrated the proteic characteristic of the toxin.It was concluded that the first action site of the specific toxin might be on the outside of protoplasmic membrane,moreover,the toxin receptor has the proteic characteristic and the combination between toxin and its receptor has saturation activity.


Tidskrift för konstvetenskapwas founded in Lund in 1916 by Fritjof Hazelius and Ewert Wrangel. With the exception of Lorentz Dietrichson's beautiful but short-lived Tidskrift för bildande konst och konstindustrifrom 1875-1876 it was the first Swedish journal for the History of Art. It was published until 1947. Through sample investigations of the first issue from 1916, the eighth from 1924 and the sixteenth from1932, I have tried to mirror its development. The choice of the last year is due to the fact that in 1932 Konsthistorisk tidskriftstarted to be published in Stockholm. It may seem strange that Tidskrift för konstvetenskapwas founded in the middle of the First World War, but according to the publishers the need for a journal was so strong that its publication could not wait. The position of art in society was stronger than ever. New museums had opened and exhibitions were being held almost all the year round in Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, Lund and Uppsala. The History of Art could be studied at all the universities and many important studies on art had been or were about to be published. It really is a lively art world that is mirrored in the first issue. There is a long list of exhibitions and the museums have made important purchases. Significant studies on Swedish or foreign art are being reviewed. The articles are long, many of them based on research in the archives. Many have later become standard works in the History of Art in Sweden. The eighth issue: E. Wrangel and F. Hazelius are still the publishers, but a certain diminishment of the enthusiasm of the first issue can be noted. There are fewer pages, the book reviews are shorter and the notices on exhibitions, auctions, etc. have completely vanished. When the sixteenth issue appears in 1932 the journal has been given an editorial board and only Frithiof Hazelius remains as publisher. It looks more elegant, while less space is given to the text. That same year Konsthistorisk tidskriftwas published in Stockholm by Konsthistoriska Sällskapetwith Johnny Roosval as the publisher and Georg Svensson as the editor. Tidskrift för konstvetenskapcontinued to appear four times a week until 1947 (since 1937 with Ragnar Josephson as publisher). That means that for a number of years there were two journals on the History of Art in Sweden, one that was published in Lund and one in Stockholm. Today there is only Konsthistorisk tidskriftin Stockholm. In 1947 Tidskrift för konstvetenskapwas changed into a yearly publication with articles on one subject at a time and with Ragnar Josephson as both the publisher and the editor and with Nils G. Sandblad as another editor.


A gradual progression from hinterland to heartland; from margin to metropole; from savagery to civilization; from pre-modern to modern; from darkness to light: these have long been the cornerstones of colonialist paradigms around the world. Details have varied over time, of course. But colonial enterprises have been consistently animated by faith in the existence of a positive correlation between Western ways of life and a better—in both material and moral terms—standard of living. In the post-World War Two era, policy-makers and intellectuals fashioned these historically-enduring beliefs into a school of thought known as development theory. Adherents of development theory (and these included both U.S. and Canadian federal Indian Affairs officials) held up the promise of modernity to subaltern peoples (and these included Indians) as though it was a prized trophy to be claimed when they crossed the finish line of their marathon from marginal, impoverished hinterland to central, prosperous heartland. The distance traveled was sometimes figurative, as the benefits of capitalist modernity such as communication media were assumed to extend to and then connect far-flung places. In other cases, populations traversed literal distances through physical relocation to sites where they would supposedly be better able to enjoy modernity's fruits.


Recent work by Kautz et al., provides tantalizing evidence that large, classical planning problems may be efficiently solved by translating them into propositional satisfiability problems, using stochastic search techniques, and translating the resulting truth assignments back into plans for the original problems. We explore the space of such transformations, providing a simple framework that generates eight major encodings (generated by selecting one of four action representations and one of two frame axioms) and a number of subsidiary ones. We describe a fully-implemented compiler that can generate each of these encodings, and we test the compiler on a suite of STRIPS planning problems in order to determine which encodings have the best properties.


STUDIES ON COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THREE CROSSBRED CHICKENS SUITABLE FOR RURAL FARMING Name of Student Major Advisor Podchalwar Kundan Suresh Dr. F. P. Savaliya DEPARTMENT OF POULTRY SCIENCE COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND-388 110


The rural mountainous areas are significantly affected by both social and economic changes. Albania occupies a considerable place when compared to other countries across the continent. Based on the fact that about 50% of the population lives in mountainous areas, the study was organized by the Department of Agrarian Policies at the Agricultural University of Tirana. The main purpose is to describe the economic and social diagnosis of mountainous rural areas and to suggest policies will follow in the future. As a model to be studied, communes in the districts of Puka and Kukes have been taken, which as the INSTAT set of data reveals, they figure to be among the districts with the largest population shifts and the highest poverty levels. For the realization of this study various statistical methods have been used. These statistical models are called ARIMA models (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models). Some models of this type have been compared in order to come up with the best one. Based the data and the polls conducted, will prescribe the future trends and inclinations. Based on the European concept of sustainable development 1 , recommendations will be issued and conclusions drawn as to how these areas could be further developed and what kind of policies should be implemented to stimulate the residents of such areas to remain in their places. Main result of this research shows that majority of people from rural areas are already emigrated or have an intention to do that in the future. In such situation, manuscript offers a suggestion how to improve situation in rural areas by developing sustainable tourism, as industry which can improve demographic situation in Albanian rural areas and contribute to increasing of income for rural areas and Albania as a whole.


The Symposium on Fishery Resources Management held in Lima, Peru, in June 1992 addressed several aspects of fishery management - theory and practice, the experience of different countries, and current world trends in fishery management. It also discussed strategies for managing transboundary stocks and aerial surveillance techniques for monitoring fishing operations. Leaders in the field of fishery management from Canada, Chile, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, and the United States presented papers on lessons learned in applying different fishery management policies. Participants concurred that individual transferable quotas appear to be the best management strategy in the current situation of overinvestment and overfishing. The symposium was organized by the World Bank and the Peruvian Ministry of Fisheries as a first step toward Peru's implementation of a fishery management regime. But the recommendations presented at the symposium are valid for all countries with fishery management responsibilities. It is hoped that the recommendations will contribute toward the establishment of fishery management systems that guarantee both biological sustainability and economic efficiency in the world's fisheries. The paper is divided into chapters covering the fishery management experience of different countries, as well as conceptual chapters and a review of world trends.


Men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are routinely offered testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) suggested to potentially promote platelet aggregation and increase cardiovascular risk.


Over the centuries, physicians have conceptualized cancer in many ways. Hippocrates viewed it as a malfunction of black bile. In India it was treated as an imbalance of Ayurvedic principles of dosha. Modern medicine has viewed cancer in terms of genetic mutations. Now some researchers are saying we should step back and view cancer through the lens of evolution and ecology to better understand how tumors form and spread. Doing so, they say, is consistent with the current genomic view but adds dimension. Conceptualizing cancer cells as a dynamic, interacting population provides new avenues for understanding and controlling the disease. "[Evolutionary theory] is consistent with the way we understand cancer; it just describes the dynamics of that process, which people haven't been paying that much attention to," said Carlos Maley, Ph.D. , assistant


Purinergic Protection See article p. 651 Bad CARMA in Allergic Asthma See article p. 683 T Cell IL-6 Drives Autoimmunity See article p. 695


Sri Lanka's telecommunications industry was profoundly transformed during the 1990s and became one of the most open and competitive among developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region. This was driven by a series of government initiatives to open up the sector to new entrants and greater competition. But after privatisation of the state-owned monopoly became a feasible policy option, and particularly after it was partially privatised in 1997, there has been an apparent shift in government policy away from its previous pro-competitive stance. This paper examines the evolution and present state of Sri Lanka's telecommunications industry, the regulatory policy framework, and pertinent competition policy issues in the sector, with particular attention to the apparent shift of government policies away from its earlier strong pro-competitive stance. 1 The authors' names are in alphabetical order. They gratefully acknowledge the help and cooperation of many people in the telecommunications industry. In particular they thank Prof. Rohan Samarajiva (who headed the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority until recently) for comments, assistance and encouragement, and representatives of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission and the Public Enterprise Reform Commission, and several service providers for very useful discussions. However, none of them is responsible for the views expressed or any remaining errors in this paper; they are the sole responsibility of the authors.


ABSTRACT: Antilochus coquebertii is one of the most important predators of Dysdercus koenigii. The present study examines for the first time the fitness (using age-stage and two-sex life table parameters), morphometrics and predating potential of A. coquebertii fed on the second instar of D. koenigii under laboratory conditions. Results indicate that female adults of A. coquebertii consumed significantly higher numbers of second instar D. koenigii (229.81 ± 14.36) when compared to male adults (118.47 ± 10.77). The body length (16.10±0.40 mm) and width (6.60 ± 0.20 mm) of female adults of A. coquebertii were significantly higher if compared to body length (14.40 ± 0.40 mm) and width (5.80 ± 0.40 mm) of male adults. The developmental period of A. coquebertii from egg to female adult (76.09 ± 3.51 days) was significantly longer than egg to male adult (64.00 ± 1.87 days). The fecundity (number of eggs/female) of A. coquebertii was 108.67 ± 3.67 per female. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) per day of A. coquebertii were recorded with values of 5.87 and 1.06 days, respectively. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0) of A. coquebertii were 23.17 offspring and 18.56 offspring/individual, respectively. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the development of future research projects focused on this predator against D. koenigii under natural conditions. Based on our results, we suggest that A. coquebertii will be a good biological control agent against the second instar of D. koenigii in cotton fields.


A thermal analysis of a naturally–cooled printed–circuit–board (PCB) has been performed under prescribed conditions. A fast–action camera with image digitisation and pre–processing capabilities was employed to input the PCB image to a thermal–analysis template. Isotherms and isometric colour projections were predicted. This technique can solve thermal problems of electronic and electrical packages faster and more efficiently than other conventional methods.


Abstract The present work deals with the production of nanocapsules containing a natural corrosion inhibition component. Azadirachta indica was encapsulated in urea-formaldehyde polymeric shell using ultrasound-assisted and conventional approaches of in situ polymerization. Subsequently nanocapsules were incorporated into clear epoxy polyamide to develop the green self-healing corrosion inhibition coating. The actual performance of the coating was evaluated based on the studies involving the repair of the crack of high solid surface coating. Corrosion inhibition of the healed area has been evaluated using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and immersion test based on the use of standard epoxy coating. The obtained results confirmed better corrosion protection in terms of the electrochemical impendence spectroscopy data and Tafel plot. It was found that current density decreases from 0.0011 A/cm2 (for standard epoxy coating) to 5.22 E−7 A/cm2 as 4 wt% nanocapsules incorporated in coating.


Zhe106,an early-maturing indica rice bred by Zhejiang academy of agricultural sciences,was registered and released for commercial production in Hunan province in Feb,2007.It is characteristic of good plant type,thick and strong stem,good lodging resistance,good BLB resistance,and wide adaptability.The early-maturing hybrid rice had high and stable yield,large panicles and fine grain quality.It yielded an average of 7.43 t/hm2 in two years(2004 2005) of the regional yield trials,1.24% higher than that of the check Jinyou402,and the average growth duration was 109.4 d in Hunan,1.1 d shorter than the CK.


THE object of the present paper is to give some geological description of the western range of the Andes, and the Tertiary formations which are developed along the Pacific coast. References are also made to the plutonic and other types of igneous rocks which are known to occur and have not been described hitherto. During the past four years the author has made a complete traverse of the Andes in Ecuador, viz, from Babahoya to Guaranda, thence to Riobamba and Baños, including the entrance to the Oriente.


The invention provides an IC card system to exchange data signals between an IC card (10) and a processing apparatus (20) of IC card, in contactless mode. The IC card (10) Amplitude Modulation by quadrature modulated (QAM) signal to be transmitted to the processing apparatus (20) and outputs the modulated signal. The processing apparatus (20) demodulates the QAM signal received from the IC card (10). The rate of the data signal transmitted by the IC card (10) to the processing apparatus (21) is improved.


The flow field inside a helicon plasma etch reactor is simulated using a direct-simulation Monte Carlo method for a chlorine feed gas flow. Computations for the gas discharge are carried out modeling the ions and neutrals as particles and imposing the electrons as a background condition conforming to experimental measurements. The neutrals and ions are then allowed to interact with the background electrons and relax to a steady state. The resulting plasma is primarily composed of chlorine atoms and ions. The plasma flow is compared for three separate nozzle locations. The flow field, in the presence of the plasma, is found to be affected minimally by the nozzle location. A nozzle location is identified which maximizes flux to the wafer.


A diffuse gas discharge switch must be capable of high speed, repetitive switching without significant degradation of its electron conduction and opening characteristics if it is to be useful in pulsed power switching applications. Whenever the switch is fired, the gas temperature T within the switch is expected to rise several degrees centigrade, and operating temperatures of several hundred degrees are likely for repetitively operated switches. The electron transport and rate coefficients, such as the electron drift velocity and the electron attachment coefficient for the most promising gas mixtures under study are expected to be funcions of T, and consequently, knowledge of these parameters as a function of T is desirable for modeling the operation of the diffuse discharge switch in practical application. Meausrements of these parameters in C/sub 2/F/sub 6//buffer gas (Ar, Ch/sub 4/, N/sub 2/) mixtures have been made and are reported. The electron attachment rate constant has also been measured for C/sub 2/F/sub 6/ and C/sub 3/F/sub 8/ as a function of the mean electron energy over the temperature range 300 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 750 K. For C/sub 2/F/sub 6/, the electron attachment rate constant has been found tomore » increase by 30% over this temperature range, while for C/sub 3/F/sub 6/, the attachment rate constant first decreases when the temperature is increased to approx.450 K and then significantly increases with increasing T. An interpretation of these measurements and their significance in repetitively operated diffuse discharge switching gas mixtures is outlined.« less


Perfect image of doctors and nurses is an important aspect of service quality in hospital. The author introduced several consciousness for nurses and discussed principles on building up good image of nurses.


Objective : To describe and analyze the interactions between children and their siblings in an institutional shelter. Method : Descriptive research with convenience sample carried out with seven groups of two or three siblings who were at the institution. Focal-subject observation techniques were used with focus on the siblings, noting the frequency, peers, and types of interaction among the siblings and other children. Results : There was a higher average interaction among siblings when they shared the dormitory; when they were in separate ones the interaction was higher with other children. The most common interaction categories were similarity, cooperation, and sharing for the peers in the same bedroom. Conclusion : The sheltering of siblings must have as main principle the maintenance of social and family bonds by strengthening the possibilities of interaction among them and their affective relationships. The simple gathering of siblings alone is not enough to guarantee such fact.


Systemic blood pressure (BP) is the product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Cardiac output is controlled by the heart rate, myocardial contractility, preload, and afterload. Vascular resistance (vascular hindrance × viscosity) is under local autoregulation and general neurohumoral control through sympathetic adrenergic innervation and circulating catecholamines. Sympathetic innovation predominates in organs receivingflowin excess of their metabolic demands (skin, splanchnic organs, kidney), while innervation is poor and autoregulation predominates in the brain and heart. The distribution of blood flow depends on the relative resistances of the organ circulations. During stress (hypoxia, low cardiac output), a raise in adrenergic tone and in circulating catecholamines leads to preferential vasoconstriction in highly innervated organs, so that blood flow is directed to the brain and heart. Catecholamines also control the levels of the vasoconstrictors renin, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. These general principles also apply to the neonate.


ABSTRACT There have long been complaints about the legal research skills of law school students and recent graduates. In this article the author focuses on the period between the release of two important reports on legal education, the MacCrate Report in 1992 and the Carnegie Report in 2007, examining how law librarians and other professionals involved were engaged in responding to the problem. The author concludes that if law librarians want to be involved more fully in legal research education, some changes or reexamination of our professional culture and positions may be necessary.


"Cognitive synergy" refers to a dynamic in which multiple cognitive processes, cooperating to control the same cognitive system, assist each other in overcoming bottlenecks encountered during their internal processing. Cognitive synergy has been posited as a key feature of real-world general intelligence, and has been used explicitly in the design of the OpenCog cognitive architecture. Here category theory and related concepts are used to give a formalization of the cognitive synergy concept.
A series of formal models of intelligent agents is proposed, with increasing specificity and complexity: simple reinforcement learning agents; "cognit" agents with an abstract memory and processing model; hypergraph-based agents (in which "cognit" operations are carried out via hypergraphs); hypergraph agents with a rich language of nodes and hyperlinks (such as the OpenCog framework provides); "PGMC" agents whose rich hypergraphs are endowed with cognitive processes guided via Probabilistic Growth and Mining of Combinations; and finally variations of the PrimeAGI design, which is currently being built on top of OpenCog.
A notion of cognitive synergy is developed for cognitive processes acting within PGMC agents, based on developing a formal notion of "stuckness," and defining synergy as a relationship between cognitive processes in which they can help each other out when they get stuck. It is proposed that cognitive processes relating to each other synergetically, associate in a certain way with functors that map into each other via natural transformations. Cognitive synergy is proposed to correspond to a certain inequality regarding the relative costs of different paths through certain commutation diagrams.
Applications of this notion of cognitive synergy to particular cognitive phenomena, and specific cognitive processes in the PrimeAGI design, are discussed.


In the present article is done a dissertation of the category health care system, from its definition and of the elements that integrate it. Immediately becomes an analysis of three health care systems, namely: popular, biomedical and of the autoattention, exposing its main characteristics and historical constitution, highlighting its importance in the comprehension of the royal practices that the persons carry out in the road to healing, space where the contents of the different systems are exchanged under the cultural syncretism of Latin American societies.


A method called modified adaptive line enhancement (MALE) for obtaining evoked potentials with minimum stimulus repetitions is described. The theory of MALE is developed and the assumptions made are tested and shown to be adequate in the case of brainstem auditory evoked potential. The signal distortion is characterized, and methods to alleviate the problem are developed. Using the weighted exact least squares lattice algorithm, the MALE method is implemented and applied to real data. It is shown that brainstem auditory evoked potentials can be obtained with less than 40 repetitions using the MALE method, compared to the 2000 required if the conventional ensemble averaging method is used.<<ETX>>


As one of the important physical and chemical parameters of molten salt,conductivity has good guiding significance on choosing the best electrolyte and electrolysis temperature.The study of the molten salt conductivity can indirectly understand ion structure of molten salt systems.The research of NaCl-CaCl2-Ca WO4 molten salt system is also of significance to the further understanding of its mechanism of electrolytic conductivity.Effects of temperature and component mole ratio in molten salt on conductivity of NaCl-CaCl2-CaWO4 system were investigated using CVCC method.Orthogonal experiment results indicated that the conductivity in molten salt increases with rise of temperature and NaCl content with NaCl being the main factor.When n(NaCl)∶ n(CaCl2)=1∶1,namely the system of minimum total melting point appeared the low end of its conductivity,and the conductivity also increases with the increase of NaCl and CaCl2.


The present invention provides a music purchasing/transfer system allowing contents to be acquired in a remarkably efficient manner. In the system, a content acquisition apparatus, and method and program thereof are provided. The apparatus includes a content storage section used for storing contents; an output section for outputting the identification of every content that can be presented by a content providing apparatus for presenting contents; and a content acquisition section for acquiring a content, which is identified by a content identification selected by carrying out an operation to select one of identifications output by the output section, from the content providing apparatus, wherein the output section outputs identifications of contents not stored yet in the content storage section as identifications different from other identifications output as identifications of other contents already stored in the content storage section.


Ligand-promoted Pd(ii)-catalyzed direct C–H alkynylation of phenylacetic amides has been developed, where 8-aminoquinoline was employed as a removable bidentate auxiliary, giving rise to optically pure ortho-alkynylated α-APA.


This article examines the impacts of relative-prices and income on visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel to the Dominican Republic during the period 1990-2012. Using the "bounds" testing approach to co-integration, the results show the existence of a co-integrated relationship between relative-prices, US per capita income, and VFR travel. The long-run estimated relative-price demand elasticity is below unity and thus indicates that variations in relative-prices have no impact on VFR travel. However, the estimated income demand elasticity shows that VFR travel to the Dominican Republic is a luxury item. Moreover, Granger causality results show that relative-prices do not cause VFR travel from the US. There is also evidence of the existence of a causal linkage running from US per capita income to VFR travelers, and from US per capita income to relative- prices.


Few qualitative studies consider how high school experiences affect readiness for diversity engagement in college. Using data from an ethnographic case study, three central trends (student experiences within homogeneous high schools, racial divisions within diverse high schools, and students who attended diverse high schools but had little engagement with that diversity) illustrate how students can enter college without meaningful engagement around diversity, even when they attend racially diverse high schools. Findings underscore the essentialness of critically engaging students around issues of race and diversity during the college years, given the general lack of meaningful engagement prior to college.


It is shown that the existence of a "spherical coweakly-affine static reference frame" in a spacetime gives rise to a 2 by 2 warped product metric tensor describing a static star locally.


This paper describes the test device and performance test methodology for measuring and evaluating geomembrane strain for large gravel or tire derived aggregate (TDA). The primary purpose of evaluating geomembrane strain is for determining the adequate protection layers required in long-term waste facilities. The procedure has many advantages over previous versions, such as removal of the lead impression sheet, elimination of operator bias, and a defined method of calculation. A photogrammetry procedure is described in detail as an alternative to laser scanners. An example of a typical comparison between different protection layers is provided for a TDA sample.


Abstract:This overview, based on the categorization by Mark Dyreson at Pennsylvania State University of researchers into "historians of sports" and "sports historians" reveals that, in the United States, a close relationship between the two groups that originated in the 1970s is now facing a critical moment. In Japan, both groups have maintained a steady relationship since the 1980s, while historians of sports have taken a leading position as reflected in their dominant role in writing the Japan Journal of Sport History (JJSH)'s articles. In China, a gradual shift to sport history seems to be taking place, as its academia, having started from the orthodox historical discipline, is currently giving ground to social and natural sciences. It is high time for scholars of the United States, Japan, and China to meet together in one place to look back on their pasts and carve out new horizons.This is an important step in developing a global history of sports.


AbstractWhat is the best division of labour between Arctic environmental institutions and the broader institutions whose spatial ambits include but exceed the Arctic? This article examines this question by narrowing in on the interplay of international institutions, especially on how such interplay may influence regime effectiveness. In focus are such salient regional and broader institutions in Arctic environmental governance as the Arctic Council and the global oceans regime based on the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, and the interplay between regional and global regimes in five areas of Arctic environmental governance: climate change, inflows of hazardous compounds, regional toxics, off shore petroleum activities, and maritime transport. The controversy over the role of Arctic institutions in the overall governance system originates in differing positions on the need for international regulation or on the usefulness of Arctic-level governance as compared to other levels. Functional interdependencies as well as legal and political realities mean that the problem-solving potential of Arctic institutions varies considerably across issue areas – and that point calls into question the wisdom of recent proposals for a comprehensive and legally binding treaty for Arctic environmental protection.


It has been so confidently assumed that [graphitoidal silicon is an aliotropic condition of silicon crystallized in octahedrons, that on ascertaining by measurement of angles that some graphitoidal silicon given me by Dr. Matthiessen was in simple and twin octahedrons, I at once concluded that the substance had been wrongly named. Later, however, I obtained from Dr. Percy a supply of graphitoidal silicon of unquestionable authenticity. Its lustre was that of the crystals I had previously examined. It occurred in small scales, having for the most part the appearance of crystals of the oblique system. On measurement, however, they proved to be octahedrons in which two parallel faces were much larger than any of the other faces, and two other parallel faces were either too small to be observed or were altogether wanting. One of the scales had all the faces of a twin octahedron. It appears, then, that there is no reason, founded on a difference of form, for separating graphitoidal from octahedral silicon, the sole distinction being that the crystals of the latter are more perfect than those of the former. Graphitoidal Boron. The forms of boron have been described by the Commendatore Quintino Sella in two papers read before the Royal Academy of Turin on the 4th of January and the 14th of June, 1857, and by the Baron Sartorius v. Waltershausen in a paper presented to the Royal Society of Göttingen on the 1st. of August of the same year. They found independently that the adamantine boron of Wöhler and Deville, containing a variable and not inconsiderable amount of aluminium and carbon, considered by Sella as possibly a definite compound of boron with aluminium and carbon with a mechanical mixture of pure boron, crystallizes in forms belonging to the pyramidal system.


This paper studies the information content and consequences of third-party voting advice issued during proxy contests. We document significant abnormal stock returns around proxy vote recommendations and develop an estimation procedure for disentangling stock price effects due to changes in outcome probabilities from those due to changes in outcome-contingent valuations. We find that voting advice is a good predictor of contest outcomes and that vote recommendations appear to certify the extent to which dissidents can add value. Thus, proxy advice seems to play a dual informational role in financial markets.


As the foundation of long term prediction for strong earthquakes, the determination of seismic zone and potential focal region is based on seismotectonic analogy and repetition of seismic activity. Current long term prediction method is helpless in tectonically "stable" area, in which there is no active structure and historic earthquakes (including paleoearthquakes). The results of high precision seismic location and focal mechanism solution inversed with wave data in Zhangbei earthquake show: under the effect of stable and uniform tectonic stress field, the small earthquakes concentrated on a zone along the direction of maximum shear stress, and kept active. When the predominant direction of focal mechanism is consistent with the direction of stress field, the zone of small earthquakes can be treated as active focal fault. This conclusion can be used in the determination of potential focal region. The earthquake occurred in tectonically "stable" area belongs to new fracture.


Black political culture in the United States during the 19th century was divided between integrationist and black nationalist ideology. Following Reconstruction, however, a third political tradition emerged, Black Radicalism. This intellectual tradition was characterized by sharp opposition to institutional racism, class inequality, and women's oppression. The chief architect of early Black Radicalism was W.E.B. Du Bois. In subsequent generations of Black Radicals, key figures included C.L.R. James, Hubert H. Harrison, A. Philip Randolph, and Oliver Cromwell-Cox. Most of these intellectuals had a relationship to socialist or Marxism political organizations parties. The article traces three generations of Black Radicals who emerged following World War II. The first of these generations emerged during the Civil Rights and Black Power periods, and included Amiri Baraka, Walter Rodney, and James Baldwin. The second generation, women and men born between 1946 and 1964, prominently include Cornel West, Michael Eric Dyson, Lani Guinier, Patricia Williams, and Charles Ogletree. Finally, the hip-hop culture of the late 20th century produced a new school of activist intellectuals, such as Robin D.G. Kelley and Melissa Harris-Lacewell. These generations of Black Radicals are connected by the memory of resistance to racism and to the integration of gender race and class in their analysis. What is unsolved is whether this radical tradition will continue in the age of globalized capitalism.


The effect of N2O plasma treatment on the reverse leakage currents of InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was investigated. The reverse leakage current of MQW LED chip treated with an N2O plasma was decreased by about 3 orders of magnitude at low reverse voltages compared to that of untreated sample. This could be attributed to the passivation of surface and sidewall damages that were produced by the dry etching process to obtain a reliable pattern transfer. These results suggest that the nonradiative leakage current MQW LED chip can be greatly reduced by N2O plasma passivation, resulting in an improvement in the performance and reliability of MQW LED chip.


This text raises questions that emerged while developing research on the
process, currently underway in Brazil, in which popular groups' attain
increased access to financial services and mechanisms and the credit supply
available to low income people has expanded. Using one informant's
trajectory as our guiding thread, we will take a critical look at some of the
original premises of our research and attempt to put together new research
hypotheses. The latter are meant to relativize differences and take a more
nuanced approach to the borders which we had initially supposed could
be drawn around the logics that guide the economic and financial life of
individuals of popular classes and the principles that reign actions of the
agents who provide them with financial services.
Keywords: Economic Anthropology, Economic Sociology, credit and consumption,
popular classes and economic practices, social mobility.