The positions and velocities of galaxies in the Local Group (LG) measure the gravitational field within it. This is mostly due to the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31). We constrain their masses using distance and radial velocity (RV) measurements of 32 LG galaxies. To do this, we follow the trajectories of many simulated particles starting on a pure Hubble flow at redshift 9. For each observed galaxy, we obtain a trajectory which today is at the same position. Its final velocity is the model prediction for the velocity of that galaxy.
Unlike previous simulations based on spherical symmetry, ours are axisymmetric and include gravity from Centaurus A. We find the total LG mass is ${4.33^{+0.37}_{-0.32}\times{10}^{12}M_\odot}$, with $0.14 \pm 0.07$ of this being in the MW. We approximately account for IC 342, M81, the Great Attractor and the Large Magellanic Cloud.
No plausible set of initial conditions yields a good match to the RVs of our sample of LG galaxies. Observed RVs systematically exceed those predicted by the best-fitting $\Lambda$CDM model, with a typical disagreement of ${45.1^{+7.0}_{-5.7}}$ km/s and a maximum of ${110 \pm 13}$ km/s for DDO 99. Interactions between LG dwarf galaxies can't easily explain this.
One possibility is a past close flyby of the MW and M31. This arises in some modified gravity theories but not in $\Lambda$CDM. Gravitational slingshot encounters of material in the LG with either of these massive fast-moving galaxies could plausibly explain why some non-satellite LG galaxies are moving away from us even faster than a pure Hubble flow.


An 8-year-old boy presented with periorbital rash that had been preceded by knee pain, fever, and headache. During a walk in a forest 3 weeks before presentation, he had been bitten on the back of his right knee by two ticks, which were removed 2 days later.


Celebrity endorsement will create profound brand awareness. Sensible and passionate appeals are related to the advertisement. In sensible appeals, the item is accentuated principally on its advantages and passionate appeals meet the consumer's psychology, enthusiasm, and social prerequisites. Thus, this study would like to examine the relationship of advertisement's influence and celebrity's endorsements in purchase intention of Korean cosmetic products. The result reveals that both advertisement and celebrity endorsement has a strong relationship with purchase intention. Ultimately, celebrity endorsement has a strong influence in convincing netizen purchase intention towards Korean cosmetic product.


This paper investigated the roughness of NASA Stage 35 test compressor. Surface roughness can change the geometric line in the microcosm, which causes the compressor operation to deviate from the design point under working conditions. Wall function was used in this study to describe roughness. Roughness calculation model in non-uniform distribution was established along the chord and spanwise directions. Basing on certain rules, rotor blades were attached with roughness to determine the influence of blade roughness position distribution on the overall performance of the compressor and internal flow. Results show that when roughness was distributed from the blade leading edge to 40% of the chord, the compressor performance was greatly influenced; in severe performance, compressor efficiency decreased by more than 2%. Roughness position distribution in blade height direction exhibited a minimal effect on the entire compressor performance, which can be ignored.


A solid-state bonding method based on Cu-Ni secondary sea cucumber micro nano layer is proposed. The surfaces of the two substrates with a sea cucumber Cu-Ni micro nano layer are contacted with each other to form a contact area, and then pressure is applied to the contact area under heating conditions to bond. The sea cucumber Cu-Ni micro nano layer includes a copper needle layer and a nickel needle layer plated on the surface of the copper needle layer. The copper needle layer is an array layer formed by a tapered copper microneedle, and the nickel needle layer includes an array layer formed by a tapered nickel nanoneedle and a protuberance. The microstructure, bonding mechanism and shear strength of the interface were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and welding strength testing instrument. The results show that this solid state bonding method can obtain high strength interconnection force.


The article analyzes the problems of rental relations in the noble households of the Middle Volga region in the second half of the XIX early XX centuries. The author considers the circumstances that influenced their rapid development during this period, as well as researches the types of land rent and its price. As a research result, the author concludes that the lease was a way out of financial difficulties of the post-reform period for the local nobility, and its use became one of the methods of land management.


Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) is an authentication technique that identifies wireless devices by analyzing the characteristics of the received physical layer signals. In recent years, RFFI has been significantly enhanced by deep learning. A neural network (NN) is often leveraged to predict device identity. As a data-driven approach, deep learning requires the collection of large amounts of data for NN training. In addition, the RFFI system should be evaluated on datasets collected under various conditions to assess the system's robustness. However, only a few RFFI datasets are publicly available, and there are no clear guidelines for building an RFFI testbed for data collection. This article presents a tutorial to build both closed-set and openset RFFI systems. A LoRa-RFFI testbed is created as a case study and the implementation details are described in depth. The LoRa-RFFI testbed involves 60 commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) LoRa development boards as devices to be identified, and a USRP N210 software-defined radio (SDR) platform for physical layer signal reception. Experiments are carried out using the implemented LoRa-RFFI testbed, and the collected datasets are made publicly available online. It is anticipated that this work can aid the research community in constructing RFFI testbeds and facilitate the development of RFFI research.


Image Processing always aims at extracting maximum information from an image. To achieve this we have to analyze the image completely along its periphery. But the parts of an image are hardly straight, they contain continuously varying slopes. Wavelet based image processing gives low resolution when the image has largely varying slopes and they give redundant coefficients. If we tile the whole image, we get curve-lets meaning 'small curves'. If this tilling is optimum, we get parts of the curve which resemble to the straight lines. These straight lines are then analyzed and reconstructed using 'Curvelet Transform'. Curvelet Transform represents edges of a curve better than Wavelet Transform. This transform uses 'Ridgelet Transform' as a main processing. Ridgelet Transform is a two step process using Radon Transform and DWT. Radon transform analysis involves the mapping of rectangular coordinates into the polar or angular coordinates. With the increasing need for higher speed and lower memory requirement, we, in this paper propose to compute the Ridgelet coefficients without involving the conversion to angular coordinates. We have used Radon transforms our basic building block. As it will be seen taking 1-D DWT on Radon Transform results in Ridgelet Transform. At the end of the paper the images having many 'ridges', our transform gives better PSNR than Wavelet transform and many others. It also saves computational time by using fast FFT algorithm and avoiding operating on Tiles having less variation of pixels. The PSNR also depends on the algorithm used to perform DWT.


A total of 210 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 15.15 lb) were used in a 29-d trial to evaluate the effects of dietary wheat middlings and NE formulation on nursery pig growth performance. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment. The 5 corn-soybean meal–based diets were: (1) corn-soybean meal (positive control), (2) 10% added midds, (3) 20% added midds, (4) Treatment 2 with 1.4% added soybean oil, and (5) Treatment 3 with 2.8% added soybean oil. Treatments 4 and 5 were balanced on an NE basis equal to that of the positive control. Feed ingredients were assigned NE values for the growing pig by INRA (20042). Treatment diets were fed in a 2-phase feeding program from d 0 to 12 and 12 to 29.


To the Editor: We read with great interest the article recently published by the American Journal of Medical Quality by Hall et al on routine morning blood draws collected at a later time. Although hospitalists surveyed perceived the change as beneficial overall, we question whether there was any noted change to throughput in the unit, given the delay of more than 2.5 hours in phlebotomy and result times. In a recent survey of 61 institutions regarding early discharge, 77% of institutional representatives strongly agreed or agreed that early discharge was a priority. Approximately half of the respondents also rated early discharge as more important than improving interpreter use for non–English-speaking patients, and equally as important as reducing 30-day readmissions and improving patient satisfaction. Another study showed that 38% of providers—including nurses, house staff, and attendings—perceived that delays in discharge time were related to waiting for procedures and tests, including laboratory results. In many institutions, mean discharge times, or "discharge before noon" rates, are followed closely. Increasing these rates is critical to reduce overcrowding in the emergency department and improve overall patient satisfaction. Further studies evaluating later phlebotomy times could benefit from including discharge times as balancing measures. We wholeheartedly agree with the importance of patient-centric models for routine blood draws, as only a few have been described in the literature. This effort could reduce nonurgent disruptions to sleep and be received favorably by not only patients but also phlebotomists and nurses who are tasked with waking patients for painful needle sticks. At our institution we are trying to reduce unnecessary routine labs. We recently encountered a patient who questioned our staff on the necessity of the blood draw at 4:30 am. The phlebotomist gave him a routine reply—"The doctor ordered it"—an honest, albeit unsatisfactory, response for the patient. It made sense from the phlebotomist's perspective; even if they paged the intern to ask if it was truly necessary, they would get the overnight intern who would rather not remove or delay the order that the day team placed. Communication with the patient could be improved if this blood draw occurred while the ordering clinician was present in the hospital, perhaps at a later time in the morning. It also may allow an opportunity for patients and other staff to question and intervene on the recurring automated daily lab orders that are frequently placed in the era of electronic medical records.


The mechanical snubber is an earthquakeproof device for a piping system under high temperature. It follows a slow displacement of the piping due to thermal expansion, but restrains the piping by a strong resistance force during an earthquake. This strong force can cause elastic failure of grooves on a brake disk, where steel balls are placed. In this report, a new semiactive snubber using giant magnetostrictive actuators and a ball screw is proposed in order to obtain an earthquakeproof device which has less resistance force in comparison with the mechanical snubber. Earthquake responses of a simple beam supported by the semiactive snubber are simulated using a continuous system simulation language, and the restraint effect and the effective controlling condition of the snubber are discussed. The semiactive snubber is built using Terfenol-D (Tb0.3 Dy0.7 Fe1.92-1.95) rods, and its resistance force characteristic is investigated by means of a vibration table.


Many common bacterial pathogens have become increasingly resistant to the antibiotics used to treat them. Experts agree that the essential cause of the problem is the extensive and often unnecessary use of antibiotics, a practice that encourages the proliferation of resistant mutant strains of bacteria while suppressing the susceptible strains. However, it is not clear to what extent antibiotic use must be reduced to avoid or reverse an epidemic of antibiotic resistance, and how early the interventions must be made to be effective. To investigate these questions, we have developed a relatively simple system dynamics model that portrays changes over a period of years to three subsets of a bacterial population – antibiotic-susceptible, intermediately resistant, and highly resistant. The details and continuing refinement of this model largely reflect our growing knowledge of Streptococcus pneumoniae , a leading cause of illness and death worldwide. The paper presents the model's structure and behavior, including its ability to reproduce time series from four different countries, and explores possible directions for further model development. Over the past few decades and around the world, a wide variety of common bacterial pathogens have become increasingly resistant to the antibiotics used to treat them. As a consequence, the illness and death rates for some formerly well-controlled diseases, such as tuberculosis, are now climbing in worrisome fashion. In the United States, it is estimated that drug-resistant bacteria are now responsible for some 70% of the 90 thousand fatal hospital infections that occur annually (Bright 1999). Antibiotic resistance was estimated in 1993 to add $200 million a year to U.S. medical bills in the form of more expensive antibiotics, and over $30 billion a year when the costs of extended hospital care are included (Garrett 1994). 1 The authors would like to acknowledge Beverly Ray, Julie Rawlings, Mike Kelley, Jane Mahlow, and Annette Riggio of the Texas Department of Health for their support of this project and Benjamin Schwartz of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for his generous assistance and advice. Homer, Antibiotic Resistance, page 2 Experts agree that the essential cause of the problem is the extensive and often unnecessary use of antibiotics, a practice that encourages resistant mutant strains of bacteria to proliferate while suppressing the susceptible strains. In the U.S., it has been estimated that one-third of the 150 million annual prescriptions for antibiotics are unn ecessary (Levy 1998). 2 Public policies that would help reduce such unnecessary use of antibiotics include educational campaigns and antibiotic use monitoring and control, as well as the development and dissemination of quick and accurate diagnostic tests. Of equal importance are policies that reduce the spread of infection, both because they limit the spread of already-resistant bacteria and b ecause they reduce the need for antibiotic use. Such policies include vaccination and traditional hygiene and infection control measures such as the isolation of patients with drug-resistant infections (Neu 1992, Baquero et al. 1996, Okie 1997, Ekdahl et al. 1998, Levy 1998). 3 Although the policy options are known, their relative effectiveness is not. In particular, it is not clear to what extent antibiotic use must be reduced to avoid or reverse an epidemic of antibiotic resistance, and how early the interventions must be made to be effective. In the spring of 1998, the Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surve illanc Division of the Texas Department of Health (TDH), in partnership with the Strategic Decision Simulation Group (SDSG), assembled a group of experts to begin thinking systemically about the problem of antibiotic resistance and possible policy options at the state and national levels. The meeting 2 An analysis of nationwide survey data on office visits compared actual prescribing behavior with established standards. This analysis suggests that 30% of the 23 million prescriptions for ear infections are unnecessary, 50% of the 13 million prescriptions for sore throat, 50% of the 13 million prescriptions for sinusitis, and 80% of the 16 million prescriptions for bronchitis (Okie 1997). 3 Hygiene and infection control measures are particularly important in settings where human-borne bacteria are plentiful, such as day-care centers and hospitals (Neu 1992, Levy 1998). Perhaps less obvious are recommendations to consumers to avoid uncooked meats and to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, and to farmers and ranchers to use techniques that may minimize infections and the use of antibiotics in their livestock and crops. The concern, yet to be demonstrated conclusively, is that antibiotic resistant bacteria may develop agriculturally and then be passed on to humans. More than 40% of the antibiotics used in the U.S. are for livestock, the great majority of this being low-dose usage which promotes animal growth but is also an ideal situation for the spread of resistance. One panel of experts has concluded that 40 to 80 percent of antibiotic use in livestock is unnecessary. Antibiotics are also widely used in aerosols sprayed on fruit trees, aerosols that can easily carry to other plants as well (Levy 1998, Bright 1999). Although the concern about agricultural-to-human passage of antibiotic resistance appeals to common sense, one piece of possibly contradictory evidence should be noted. In Denmark, the use of antibiotics in livestock is high and almost as great as that in Spain, which has five to six times the human population. Yet, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens in Denmark is much lower than that in Spain (Frimodt-Møller t al. 1997). Homer, Antibiotic Resistance, page 3 produced an integrative causal loop diagram, a version of which is presented in Figure 1. This diagram identifies the basic dilemma associated with antibiotics, that is, the fact that they can reduce illness for individuals in the short term, but if overused may become ineffective-regionally, nationally, or even worldwide--due to bacterial resistance. Such a local-versus-global dilemma has been described as a "tragedy of the commons" (Senge 1990). Figure 1 identifies how various responses may eventually be tried as this problem becomes more apparent to policymakers and pressure grows to do something about it. The challenge for policymakers is to identify the most effective types of responses and to concentrate on these points of high leverage proactively rather than reactively, working with the multiple interest groups affected by these policies to ensure their acceptance and success. In the first phase of our work, we used causal loop diagrams to establish a stakeholder framework for the multiple interest groups. In the second phase, we used simulation modeling to examine specific policy options. The modeling process began in the summer of 1998, with Jack Homer brought in to assist the TDH-SDSG team and direct the technical work. The initial models considered the dynamics of both human and bacterial populations, with an approach to human population dynamics much in line with prior system dynamics models of epidemics (Homer and St. Clair 1991, Ritchie-Dunham and Méndez Galvan 1999, Sterman 2000). This early work culminated in the writing of a white paper (TDH 1999) that was distributed for review by, among others, the experts who took part in the original systems thinking exercise in 1998. The initial modeling work helped to clarify the thinking of the team and, in particular, caused us to focus on the difficult questions of how much and when antibiotic use must be reduced to avoid or reverse an epidemic of resistance. Consequently, our more recent efforts have focused on grounding the work more solidly in the scientific literature, collecting data not available in the literature, and revising our model of bacterial population dynamics so that it reflects this knowledge as much as possible. Because we are st ill only part way through this necessarily iterative process (Homer 1996), we have subtitled this paper, "Work in Progress." Our purpose in this paper is to present what we have discovered so far, and to identify some of the loose ends and open questions that remain. Homer, Antibiotic Resistance, page 4 Basics of antibiotic resistance The literature on antibiotic resistance is vast; many books are entirely devoted to the subject (e.g., Levy 1992, Chadwick and Goode 1997) and infectious disease journals devote many pages to it. Although the basic concepts derive intuitively from population genetics, the details differ considerably by bacterial species and class of antibiotic, and the relationship between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance is complex and a subject of some controversy. Bacteria are ubiquitous in our environment and within our bodies; only a fraction are pathogenic. Infectious disease occurs when the immune system encounters a bacterial pathogen for which it is not prepared, perhaps due to a lack of previous exposure. The bacterial flora with which we coexist, known as commensals, are not only benign but often protect us from pathogenic bacteria by competing with them for niche turf and thereby preventing their proliferation (Levy 1998). After gaining access to bacteria, antibiotics typically retard bacterial proliferation by interfering with the production of components needed to form new cells; specifically, they may inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, folic acid synthesis, or DNA replication. The number of antibiotics on the market is large and includes more than 50 different variants of penicillin, 70 variants of cephalosporin, 12 tetracyclines, 9 macrolides, 8 aminoglycosides, and so forth. But bacteria evolve continuously and have developed responses, in the form of resistance genes, for every type of antibiotic in existence; indeed, at least three


In a previous study (in press), we have shown that the + d bem gene does not participate directly in the reaction of pteridine metabolism, but it seems to control the system that maintains the pteridine compound within the hypodermal cells. A hypodermis has been presented that the +d-lem gene controls the production of a specific protein that is an important factor in combining with yellow pigments (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-lactyl-7, 8-dihydropter.idine) and in keeping them within the cells. To confirm this hypothesis the present experiments were conducted. I. Materials and Methods. The test insects were four wild (normal) strains, C 124, N 124, Daizo and P 22 (+m/+1; leem + d dem/ +(1-lem), the lemon strain (lem/lem; +d-lem/+d-lem) and the dilute lemon strain (lemllem; d-lemld-lem). (1) Preparation of chromo granules. A large amount of spherical granules, that contain yellow pigments and isoxanthopterin, occur in fresh hypodermal cells of larvae of the strains lemon and dilute lemon. The presence of these chromogranules in the hypodermal cells gives a yellow color to the larvae (Sasaki 1959, Tsujita 1961). Similarly, a large amount of spherical granules, that contain isoxanthopterin, can be observed in fresh hypodermal cells of larvae of the normal strain. These chromogranules were purified by a new method described in another paper, and lyophilized. (2) Paper electrophoresis. A pellet (10 mg) of the lyophilized sample of purified granules was mixed thoroughly under refrigeration with 1 ml distilled water and then centrifuged at 15,000 r.p.m. for 40 minutes. A small amount (0.05 ml) of the supernatant was painted on the line of application of Toyo filter paper No. 51 (26 X 12.5 cm) that was used for the paper electrophoresis. Electrophoresis was carried out for 5-6 hours at pH 8.6 and 8.8 in Veronal buffer (p=O.05) with 0.3 mA/26 cm. The protein bands were stained with bromophenol blue (B.P.B.). Prior to the staining of the protein bands, the localization of substances that showed fluorescence, such as isoxanthopterin and the yellow pigment, was observed by exposing the paper to ultraviolet light. (3) High voltage electrophoresis. In order to detect the presence


Abstract Previous research evaluating burglars' offending location choices has produced mixed findings about the influence of physical barriers and connectors on offender movement patterns. Consequently, this article utilises the discrete spatial choice approach to formally evaluate the impact of barriers and connectors on residential burglars' macro-level offending location choices. Data from Perth, Western Australia, demonstrated that physical barriers and connectors exert significant influence on offender decision-making at this level, and that the influence of impermeable barriers increases with proximity of these obstacles to the offender's point of origin. These findings provide formalised evidence for the independent importance of physical barriers and connectors in offender movement and are discussed with respect to current environmental criminology theory.


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by the Netherlands Heart Foundation (CVON2014-09, RACE V Reappraisal of Atrial Fibrillation: Interaction between hyperCoagulability, Electrical remodelling, and Vascular Destabilisation in the Progression of AF), the European Union (ITN Network Personalized Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation: a translational network: PersonalizeAF, grant 860974, CATCH ME: Characterizing Atrial fibrillation by Translating its Causes into Health Modifiers in the Elderly, No. 633196). Background Early atrial remodeling refers to a concept where atrial structural, functional, and electrophysiological changes may be present without clinical manifestation of atrial arrhythmias. (1) However, it is currently unknown how electrophysiological and functional atrial properties are related, especially in the early stages of atrial remodeling. Purpose To investigate the relationship between electrophysiological properties of the atria, determined by intraoperative high-density epicardial mapping after AF-induction, and echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters in patients without a history of AF undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods All patients underwent functional and electrophysiological analysis of both atria using preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography, and intraoperative biatrial high-density epicardial mapping. Postoperatively, all patients were continuously monitored for occurrence of new-onset postoperative AF (POAF). In addition to univariable and multivariable analysis, cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct clusters of subjects for epicardial mapping parameters. Results The study population consisted of 38 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, isolated aortic valve replacement, or the combination of both. All patients completed 1-year continuous rhythm monitoring and 19 patients (50%) developed POAF. There was a greater number of waves/cycle (4.57±1.55 vs. 3.98±1.63, p=0.04) and breakthrough (BT) waves/cycle (1.16±0.58 vs. 0.88±0.60, p=0.01) in the RA compared to the LA (Figure 1). Also, there was a lower conduction velocity (CV) in the RA than in the LA (0.71±0.10m/s vs 1.19±0.36m/s, p<0.01) (Figure 1). Average waves/cycle were significantly correlated with reduced P-wave duration and P-wave amplitude (Spearman's rho=-0.32, p=0.04, and Spearman's rho=-0.32, p=0.04, respectively). Also, there was significant negative correlation between LA booster function and LA waves/cycle (Spearman's rho=-0.55, p<0.01). Survival analysis revealed that older age, lower P-wave amplitude, reduced LA booster function, and increased RA waves/cycle were associated with increased occurrence of POAF (Figure 2). Cluster analysis was performed for RA and LA epicardial mapping parameters, which identified 2 distinct clusters: cluster 1 consisted of patients with more complex atrial electrical conduction patterns, and cluster 2 less complex atrial electrical conduction patterns. Multivariable analysis showed that reduced LA booster function was independently associated with a cluster representing more complex atrial electrical conduction patterns in the LA (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.25, p=0.02). Conclusion In patients without a history of AF, reduced LA contractile function and lower P-wave amplitude are associated with more complex electrical conduction patterns in acutely induced AF, potentially representing an early step in the atrial remodeling process. Figure 1 Figure 2


The experimental analysis of physical and spectral features of laser diodes at natural and cryogenic temperatures has been carried out.


Over the years a wide range of ecodesign techniques have been developed to evaluate and to improve the environmental performance of products and production processes. The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive literature review of ecodesign methods and tools with the objective of providing an overview of the current state of research and revealing open research topics. The focus of this work is on methods and tools for the ecodesign of mechatronic systems, particularly vehicle powertrains, which are usable in early design phases. The carbon footprint of a product is an important factor for ecodesign. An early assessment of the product carbon footprint is beneficial because at this stage design changes are still possible with little effort. Publications containing case studies are also considered in the literature review. Applying a specific research methodology, eight categories representing fields of consideration are defined and the reviewed publications are assigned to these categories. Categories with a low share of publications and high applicability in the early design phase are revealed as open research topics (e.g. a meta-model for linking of data and tools, the influence of parameter uncertainties on the calculation of the carbon footprint)


During the second half of the twelfth century, powerful and charismatic bishops presented a threat to the emerging jurisdiction of the king's courts. By contrast, King John was able to fill key episcopal vacancies with loyal bureaucrats who acted as servants to the king. This paper will consider how the assertion and subsequent cession of power by English bishops under the Angevin kings shaped the developing jurisdiction of the common-law courts, particularly in disputes over advowsons, or rights of presentation to churches. The evidence suggests that the bishops played a significant role in the development of the early common law, first by sending litigation into the king's courts and later by declining to challenge the primacy of royal jurisdiction.


8Br-cAMP at 30 mg/kg can produce marked inhibitory action on solid forms of uterous tumor-14, Ehrlieh carcinoma, sarcoma-180 and reticulum-cell sarcoma in mice. In ascitic retieulum sarcoma-bearing mice, 8Br-cAMP can also reduce significantly the tumor-cell coneentration and prolong the life span.In dogs, after intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg of the drug no obvious adverse effect, except nausea and vomiting, has been observed in blood cell counts, urinalysis, ECG, liver and renal functions.
With its positive therapeutic effects and light toxicity, 8Br-cAMP has already been recommended to clinical trials.


Insurance, which is the method of economic protection of projects, widespread in industrialized countries, cannot fully balance various types of threats due to the high level of uncertainty, characteristic of developing economies. At the same time, the use of other protection methods, such as redundancy, is justified only in the presence of certain conditions and a certain state of the external environment. A dynamic model of decision support when choosing the most effective method of economic protection of an innovation project, which also takes into account risks, the amount of investment and the amount of possible damage, is proposed herein. The model establishes the relationship between the marginal value of the insurance rate and the factors affecting the implementation of the project. The solution makes it possible to develop the most optimal economic protection strategy. Key-Words: economic security, reservation, insurance, risks, uncertainty, cost of capital, innovative project.


The kinetics of n-hexane oxyfunctionalization over a series of titanium silicalites (TS-1) has been investigated using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (30 wt %). The oxyfunctionalization reaction has been modeled using results from a batch reactor. All catalysts were also characterized using analytical techniques such as XRD, UV−vis, and FT IR spectroscopies. The intrinsic kinetic constants were found to be proportional to the fraction of T atoms substituted with titanium in the TS-1 framework. This kinetic analysis indicates a substitutional limit of 1.9% T atoms, in full agreement with previous literature data obtained by analytical techniques. The effects of temperature and extra-framework titanium are also discussed.


Tests have been performed on a vertical pile subject to current only and to a combination of current with normal waves and current with breaking waves. The scour around the pile produced by current only is decreased by normal short waves superimposed upon that current and increased when breaking waves are superimposed upon the current. After analysis of the velocity profiles in the undisturbed area upstream of the pile and next to the pile, the following explanation is found for this phenomenon. When normal short waves are superimposed upon a current, the bottom shear stress of the combination of current with waves is increased more in the undisturbed area than next to the pile in the scour area. This results in a decrease of the scour around the pile. Due to the large values of the orbital velocity under breaking waves this effect is reversed for the combination of a current with breaking and relatively long waves. This results in an increase of the scour around the pile.


This research 1 looks at the impact of the rise of women's non-standard, service sector employment on gender roles, identities and relations, and compares the complex task of finding and managing formal and informal non-parental child care in rural and semi-rural communities in two policy jurisdictions (Ontario and Quebec) in the Ottawa Valley. It seeks to understand the ways in which the neo-liberal reconfiguration of local economies impact on the experiences of employed, non-urban women with young children – mitigated by provincial policy decisions – through documenting the strategies they adopt to cope with challenges when managing this family-market-state nexus. This paper specifically focuses on mothers' use of the notion of "luck" in describing how they found and managed their unique child care needs. Luck, in the psychological literature, is often treated as either an external, unstable, and uncontrollable cause, or an internal personal attribute. This paper shows that its use and invocation in response to questions about finding and managing child care has to do with gendered perceptions of control and power(lessness) over social circumstances related to geography, government policies, and changing, and at time precarious, economic/labour market circumstances.


The technique of multiple points feeding in order to achieve improved bandwidth performance is here exploited and used to feed a supershape structured radiator. The achieved operating bandwidth, is an important advancement compared to the performance of the usual, single fed and regularly shaped patch antennas. The proposed antenna operates from 2.5 to 3.9 GHz with linear polarization and its behavior is investigated in terms of Return Loss, VSWR, input impedance, radiation pattern, electric field and efficiency.


We present the activities of the `New Physics' working group for the `Physics at TeV Colliders' workshop (Les Houches, France, 5--23 June, 2017). Our report includes new physics studies connected with the Higgs boson and its properties, direct search strategies, reinterpretation of the LHC results in the building of viable models and new computational tool developments.


Spiritus 12 (2012): 172–179 © 2012 by The Johns Hopkins University Press On the first day of January in 1951, as a Jesuit novice, Michel de Certeau wrote a letter to his mentor, the theologian Henri de Lubac, "My reverend Father," he began, "this year that is beginning makes me, over each day of silence in this novitiate, a little more your son. This certainty is one of the joys in my communion with Jesus."1 Four years later, de Certeau assured his teacher, "you," he wrote, "are at the origin of my vocation."2 Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, de Certeau's thoughts veered again and again toward de Lubac, writing letters to him expressing his gratitude and debt. In 1960, de Certeau published an article commending de Lubac's work on medieval exegesis, and two others followed in 1964, an essay on the term "mystique" in de Lubac's Festschrift and another laudatory article, "Un maître: le père Henri


As a product of educational research activities, a large amount of data is produced, the analysis of which represents a challenge for the researchers. In this context, the large number of interrelated factors that may have an impact on the data makes it extremely difficult to draw reliable conclusions, either when describing or predicting the behavior of a student population, or when evidencing the effect of didactic interventions. Statistical inferential analysis provides tools that allow the systematic and efficient evaluation of a sample of the population to be studied. In this work we present a reflection on the implementation and interpretation of results associated with the application of three inferential instruments (probability distribution, confidence interval and hypothesis test) to a case study derived from our teaching experience. These instruments allowed us to evaluate the influence that the course modality (face-to-face or online) exerts on the academic performance of first-year students of Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica. In addition, these statistical tools were also applied to the study of the incidence, on the same population, of a didactic intervention in which a set of materials was incorporated into a massive first-year chemistry course (General Chemistry I), with the aim of promoting active learning and self-regulation. In this regard, inferential statistics allowed the systematic and efficient analysis of the information associated with this case study, allowing to draw statistically significant conclusions.


Aim : To perform a meta‐analysis comparing the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy vs. antisecretory non‐eradication therapy for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer.


This paper examines the level and kinds of kin involvement among Korean immigrant families in Atlanta with a focus on the relationship between the nuclear family unit and cohabiting non-nuclear family members and between the nuclear family and other kin families. In 1980 census data showed there were 2762 Koreans or 902 Korean families in Atlanta almost all of whom arrived after 1970. About 96% of this studys sample of 116 married Korean adults (average age 39.6) have relatives in the US; 78% have relatives in Atlanta. 30% have at least 1 cohabiting elderly parent. 16% have 1 or more relatives other than a parent living with them often unmarried brothers or sisters. The average cohabiting family size is 4.32 much larger than the native average family size of 2.75. 47% reported that they had lived with relatives for 1 week or more after coming from Korea; this percentage rose to 65 for more recent arrivals. Most who had parents living with them received assistance from parents in the form of household work babysitting or help with a business; this assistance may be crucial to Korean families success. In return children provide their parents with as many opportunites for social interaction as possible. Assistance from relatives other than parents occurs in 3 stages: 1) the pre-immigration stage 2) the adjustment stage and 3) the settlement stage. During the first phase immigrants help their relatives come to the US. During the adjustment phase newcomers usually live with their relatives and receive help with such mundane tasks as opening a checking account applying for a social security number drivers training shopping finding a place to live and finding jobs. Relatives were far more important than friends or churches. 53% currently meet with kin once a week or more. 81% report kin as important or very important in their decision to immigrate to the US. 55% report being closer to kin in the US than they were in Korea; only 20% reported closeness to kin as being less in this country. These results show that immigration enhances kinship ties.


A FORTRAN IV computer program, that provides a new research tool for determining reliable rotational line intensity factors (also known as Honl-London factors), for most electric and magnetic dipole allowed diatomic transitions, is described in detail. This users manual includes instructions for preparing the input data, a program listing, detailed flow charts, and three sample cases. The program is applicable to spin-allowed dipole transitions with either or both states intermediate between Hund's case (a) and Hund's case (b) coupling and to spin-forbidden dipole transitions with either or both states intermediate between Hund's case (c) and Hund's case (b) coupling.


Kula's An Economic Theory of the Feudal System analyzes the non-monetarized natural economy of precapitalist Poland. On the other hand, Vilar's A History of Gold and Money 1450-1920 discusses the role of precious metals and money in the developing market relations of nascent European capitalism. Despite the obvious differences in subject matter, the works are complementary. They both address the issues of economic rationalization and "development," and reflect the mutual influences of Marxism (although less in the case of Vilar) and the Annales school of economic and social history—so much so that they must be discussed in reference to it in order to be understood properly.


Summary There is a growing need to analyze data sets characterized by several sets of variables observed on the same set of individuals. Such complex data structures are known as multiblock (or multiple-set) data sets. Multi-block data sets are encountered in diverse fields including bioinformatics, chemometrics, food analysis, etc. Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis (GCCA) is a very powerful method to study this kind of relationships between blocks. It can also be viewed as a method for the integration of information from K > 2 distinct sources (Takane and Oshima-Takane 2002). In this paper, GCCA is considered in the context of multivariate functional data. Such data are treated as realizations of multivariate random processes. GCCA is a technique that allows the joint analysis of several sets of data through dimensionality reduction. The central problem of GCCA is to construct a series of components aiming to maximize the association among the multiple variable sets. This method will be presented for multivariate functional data. Finally, a practical example will be discussed.


MNE subsidiaries face a trade-off between the ambition to source knowledge embedded in the host-location and the need to protect their corporation's knowledge from appropriation by competitors. We ...


Sazama Matthew G. (Last Name) (First) (Initial) The Effect of Vapor Permeable versus Non-Vapor Permeable Shirts on Heat Stress (Title) Risk Control Brian Finder December, 2001 92 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) Everything in a paper mill operates on a gargantuan scale, including the hazards, which can include everything from falls to in-running nip points to heat stress. While heat stress would not be considered one of the major hazards, it can still put some employees at a high risk of developing heat stress-related injuries. To combat the threat posed by heat stress, a variety of different engineering and administrative controls such as work restrictions, ventilation changes and vapor permeable clothing have been developed. Two separate tests were conducted to study the effects of clothing and ventilation controls on worker heat strain. In the first test, five subjects wore a shirt containing vapor permeable material followed by a cotton shirt while conducting normal work duties. The vapor permeable material was manufactured by Nike, Inc. and marketed under the trade name Dri-FIT. A Questemp II personal heat stress monitor was used to determine body core temperatures and a subjective evaluation of the two shirts was conducted. Results indicate the vapor permeable shirt reduced core temperatures by about 0.3-0.5oC compared to the cotton shirt. In addition, the vapor


We study the radiative decays $h_{c}\rightarrow\gamma\eta^{(\prime)}$ in the framework of perturbative QCD and evaluate analytically the one-loop integrals with the light quark masses kept. Interestingly, the branching ratios $\mathcal{B}(h_{c}\rightarrow\gamma\eta^{(\prime)})$ are insensitive to both the light quark masses and the shapes of $\eta^{(\prime)}$ distribution amplitudes. And it is noticed that the contribution of the gluonic content of $\eta^{(\prime)}$ is almost equal to that of the quark-antiquark content of $\eta^{(\prime)}$ in the radiative decays $h_{c} \rightarrow \gamma\eta^{(\prime)}$. By employing the ratio $R_{h_{c}}=\mathcal{B}(h_{c}\rightarrow\gamma\eta)/\mathcal{B}(h_{c}\rightarrow\gamma\eta^{\prime})$, we extract the mixing angle $\phi=33.8^{\circ}\pm2.5^{\circ}$, which is in clear disagreement with the Feldmann-Kroll-Stech result $\phi=39.0^{\circ}\pm1.6^{\circ}$ extracted from the ratio $R_{J/\psi}$ with nonperturbative matrix elements $\langle 0\mid G^{a}_{\mu\nu}\tilde{G}^{a,\mu\nu}\mid\eta^{(\prime)}\rangle$, but in consistent with $\phi=33.5^{\circ}\pm0.9^{\circ}$ extracted from the asymptotic limit of the $\gamma^{\ast}\gamma-\eta^{\prime}$ transition form factor and $\phi=33.9^{\circ}\pm0.6^{\circ}$ extracted from $R_{J/\psi}$ in perturbative QCD. We also briefly discuss possible reasons for the difference in the determinations of the mixing angle.


We have studied the reconstruction of supersymmetric theories at high scales by evolving the fundamental parameters from the electroweak scale upwards. Universal minimal supergravity and gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking have been taken as representative alternatives. Pseudo-fixed-point structures require the low-energy boundary values to be measured with high precision.


The evaluation results of the Mobius transforms of some often-used waveforms are applied in the image transform. And the method of modulation and demodulation in Chen-Mobius communication systems, which is quite different from the traditional one, is newly used. To make such a processing, the Chen-Mobius inverse transformed functions act as the "modulation" waveforms, and the receiving end coherently "demodulated" by the often-used digital waveforms. Then the image is partitioned in segmentations that are "modulated" and "demodulated" in different waveform sets. Therefore, it's another new method of image cryptography. In additional, the image transform is simulated by the MATLAB software on the computer and the results are discussed in some details.


It is widely asserted that Australia's political culture is broken: that we have lost the capacity for long-term thinking, and are unwilling and unable to embrace necessary reform. In his contribution to this volume, Oliver Hartwich (Chapter 6) points out that Paul Kelly and other members of the Australian media share this view, and contrast current experience with a generally more successful past. Australians, I think, increasingly look to New Zealand for its more successful recent record of innovation and reform. How did it come to this? We have long since become accustomed to being outperformed on the rugby field, but that it has extended to governance has made us all uneasy.


The redox potentials of ferrocene and pentamethylferrocene are correlated with the physicochemical properties of solvents using linear multiparameter equations. Of greatest significance is the specific solvating ability of the solvents. This approach is inapplicable to decamethylferrocene because of its more complicated mechanism of solvation.


The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing EO Pro polyimide is used as the X-ray contrast agent, 5-methoxy-acetylamino-2,4,6-iodo of formula 19 to the EO Pro polyimide manufacturing process also isophthalic acid ( 2,3-diacetoxy-propyl) - 5-methoxy-acetylamino-2,4,6-iodo-isophthalic acid chloride and amide of formula (20) [(2,3-dihydroxy--N- methylpropyl) - (2,3-diacetoxy-propyl)] diazepin by introducing an imide intermediate, remove the bis Murray auxiliary component generated during the manufacturing process without further separation process, which can produce a high-purity EO Pro polyimide at a high yield there is an effect. EO Pro polyimide, contrast agents, bis Murray, sub-component


For many people, 21st birthdays are momentous occasions, a rite of passage. The same holds true for the pride and joy of our transplantation community: the American Journal of Transplantation (AJT). The genesis of AJT was a recognition that transplantation, as a problemsolving, forwardthinking, and dynamic discipline, needed a journal that was owned and controlled by the transplant community to showcase highquality and impactful research. Through a somewhat contentious but ultimately collaborative process— engineered by the visionary leaders of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons— AJT finally emerged in May 2001. In that first issue, Philip Halloran, our first EditorinChief, articulated that AJT should serve as "a catalyst for change, provoking debate, challenging dogmas, and developing new consensus".1 Driving this mission required power and commitment that was provided by the editorial board, the engine charged with providing fair, thoughtful, and comprehensive input with rapid turnaround times. With everyone steering toward a clearly articulated vision, AJT quickly set a new paradigm of excellence that propelled it to the top of transplantation journals. In Allan Kirk's words, when he assumed the helm as the second EditorinChief position, "AJT is a big deal, to our patients, to our field, and to the scientific community in general."2 We clearly have a lot to celebrate! So, it is natural to ask, "What happens next?" Common sense tells me that, first and foremost, we must rededicate ourselves to our core mission and strength: attracting, reviewing, and disseminating the most meaningful research in transplantation. We must gird and uphold the principles of trust, objectivity, and rigor in the editorial process for which we are wellknown. While the task has not changed, it is undeniable that the environment and the people have. Transplant research has become dizzyingly complex. Basic, translational, and clinical research are deceptively simple umbrella terms that encompass a remarkable spectrum of investigation conducted typically by highly specialized professionals. As the pressures imposed on clinicians have skyrocketed, the numbers of true physicianand surgeonscientists have declined. In sum, knowledge has exploded while time has imploded. As a result, the clinical and research spheres of transplantation are less overlapping and more distanced than in the past. The gap that has developed must now be deliberately and securely bridged— a challenge that AJT must embrace. We must deliver more information more efficiently and more effectively. I want to reassure all of you that we are already responding to this mandate to innovate. With this month's issue, I am pleased to introduce a modern and streamlined AJT that is symbolic of our intention to experiment with creative approaches to present material in the years ahead. We know that our readership is long in interest but short on time. With the help of an invigorated and diverse Editorial Board, we will sculpt our core content and launch new initiatives. Through expanding the Editorial Fellowship, we have doubled down on our commitment to mentor young professionals while learning about their needs and perspectives. More than anything, AJT seeks to remain not just relevant but absolutely central, a trusted companion and guide to transplantation's everexpanding scientific and clinical frontier. In the upcoming years, I very much hope to dialogue with you frequently about what we are doing and, more importantly, what you would like us to be doing. First and foremost, we are here to serve.


Calls by Pope Francis and Oxfam for just dealings with global wealth were made last week as delegates gathered for the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2014 in Davos, Switzerland.


In plants, there is a complex interaction between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism and its coordination is fundamental for plant growth and development. In the present work, the influence of thioredoxin (Trx) m on C and N partitioning was studied using tobacco plants overexpressing Trx m from the chloroplast genome. The transgenic plants showed altered metabolism of C (lower leaf starch and soluble sugar accumulation) and N (with higher amounts of amino acids and soluble protein), which pointed to an activation of N metabolism at the expense of carbohydrates. To further delineate the effect of Trx m overexpression, metabolomic and enzymatic analyses were performed on these plants, indicating an up-regulation of the GS-GOGAT pathway. Trx m-overexpressing plants specifically displayed increased activity and stability of glutamine synthetase in tobacco plants. Moreover, higher photorespiration and nitrate accumulation were determined in these plants relative to the untransformed control, indicating that overexpression of Trx m favors the photorespiratory N cycle rather than primary nitrate assimilation. Taken together, the combined results reveal the importance of Trx m as a molecular mediator of N metabolism in plant chloroplasts. Protein complexes were analyzed from intact chloroplasts solubilized with 1.5% digitonin by Blue Native (BN)-PAGE using a 4–16% Native PAGE Novex Bis-Tris gel (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After electrophoresis, protein complexes were transferred to a PVDF membrane and probed with anti-GS2 antibody (AS08 296, Agrisera, Vännäs, Sweden). Protein samples were incubated for 30 min on ice in the presence or absence of 10 mM DTT or 1 mM CuCl 2 before loading.


The purpose of this study is to explore culture clashes when a Japanese company is merged with a non-Japanese company. We focus on two types of culture, national culture and corporate culture involving culture clashes in international mergers and acquisitions. We interviewed a Japanese director who previously worked in a Japanese company that was merged with and acquired by a non-Japanese company. The interview was conducted in two stages (the pre-stage, and the post-stage) of the international merger and acquisition (IM&A). For success in IM&As, the current case study suggests the importance of pre-merger research of target companies and understanding individual national and corporate cultures. The results show that Japanese companies do not necessarily have high cultural adaptive abilities. The present case study suggests recruitment standards for local employment and promotion of international enterprises in non-Japanese companies after their international mergers and acquisitions with Japanse companies.


Abstract During March–April 1980, a velocity and CTD transect was made in the Pacific along the equator from 110 to 180°W. The horizontal baroclinic pressure gradient was observed to be primary confined between 160 and 130°W. Direct velocity profiles between 125 and 159°W showed the equatorial undercurrent to be a continuous feature. Maximum eastward transport (per unit width) in the undercurrent was 2.5 × 108 cm2 s−1 at 150°W and decreased both westward and eastward to about 1.5 × 108 cm2 s−1 at 159°W and at 125°W. Despite these variations the maximum speeds along the transect remained ∼150 cm s−1. Beneath the undercurrent, the velocities decreased and were of the order of 25 cm s−1. They exhibited small-scale variation in the vertical as has recently been observed at other equatorial locations. Above 1600 m, the vertical wavelength of these variations in the zonal component was ∼300 m. Small-scale features in these zonal velocities were identifiable over 10° of longitude (1000 km). The small vertical an...


OBJECTIVE: In this study our aim was to investigate in clinical cancer patients whether purely nociceptive and mixed nociceptive-neuropathic cancer pain differ in opioid responsiveness. BACKGROUND: Pain is common in advanced cancer patients. Pain driven by neuropathic mechanisms is generally considered to be resistant to opioids. This hypothesis is based on animal studies and previous single-dose opioid studies in humans. DESIGN/METHODS: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from a patient cohort of 230 inpatient cancer pain patients using opioids. Outcome measures were opioid equianalgesic dose, numerical rating scales (NRS) of present pain intensity and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). RESULTS: The median equianalgesic opioid dose was 40 (range 0-240mg) in patients with nociceptive pain and 40 (range 0-280mg) in mixed pain patients (p=0.39; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Present pain intensity at T=intake was 5.1±2.6 (mean±SD) in patients with nociceptive pain and 6.5±2.0 in patients with mixed pain, at T=3 days after intake 3.8±2.3 versus 3.7±1.6 and at T=discharge 3.0±1.9 versus 3.1±1.8 (p CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant differences in equianalgesic doses and present pain intensity between patients with purely nociceptive versus mixed cancer pain. A potentially higher prevalence of nausea and vomiting in nociceptive pain patients may represent a higher proportion of patients with gastrointestinal cancer in this group. We conclude that, at least in clinical cancer patients, there is no evidence for opioid resistance in pain driven by neuropathic mechanisms. Disclosure: Dr. Jongen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moerdijk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Overbeck has nothing to disclose.


An apparatus for assembling a fender panel of a vehicle, including a single-type bracket may have a horizontal assembly surface at an upper end portion thereof, and an assembly end having a fender panel assembly aperture at a lower end portion thereof extending from the horizontal assembly surface toward a front side of the vehicle, wherein the assembly end of the single-type bracket may be mounted on a front end portion of a fender panel located between a front end module and a bumper cover, and wherein the horizontal assembly surface may be fixed to a lower end portion of a fender apron upper member.


The article deals with different factors ( strains, thermoelastic stresses, disjoining pressure of cilicicacid colloid gel) affecting the process of glass grinding with loose and fixed abrasive. The authors present the limiting values of some factors influencing the character of the fracture.


Influence diagnosis is an integrated component of data analysis, but is severely under-investigated in a high-dimensional setting. One of the key challenges, even in a fixed-dimensional setting, is how to deal with multiple influential points giving rise to the masking and swamping effects. This paper proposes a novel group deletion procedure referred to as MIP by studying two extreme statistics based on a marginal correlation based influence measure. Named the Min and Max statistics, they have complimentary properties in that the Max statistic is effective for overcoming the masking effect while the Min statistic is useful for overcoming the swamping effect. Combining their strengths, we further propose an efficient algorithm that can detect influential points with a prespecified false discovery rate. The proposed influential point detection procedure is simple to implement, efficient to run, and enjoys attractive theoretical properties. Its effectiveness is verified empirically via extensive simulation study and data analysis. An R package implementing the procedure is freely available.


In view of the potential environmental and economic benefits that could arise from energy cooperation among microgrids, this paper proposes an energy scheduling framework for the coordinated operation of multiple coalition forming microgrids. The framework aims at maximizing the expected profits of the microgrids, while mitigating the risk on their profit variability, incurring from various system intermittencies. Within this framework, the power exchanges between the microgrids are regulated through a contribution-based scheme, through which the microgrids are prioritized based on their previous contributions to the coalition and their current power demands. The approach thereby provides an effective incentivizing mechanism for the microgrids in the form of priority, for their continued active participation in the coalition. Several case studies and comparative evaluations are shown to corroborate the efficacy of the proposed framework. Eventually, the impact of various system parameters on the optimal operating schedules is illustrated through sensitivity studies.


This work aimed to determine the main factors that explain the evolution of the
levels of Peruvian agricultural exports in the period 2010-2014, for which
monetary levels, volume of agricultural exports from Peru, which involved to
determine evaluated the main variables that influence the behavior of
agricultural exports, using the -sintetico and historical analytical method. Of the
processed information, it was to determine which variables are related to
agricultural exports: principal policies pursued by the government of Peru,
agroexportables product diversification, irrigation and megaprojects number of
exporting companies. It was determined that in 2010 Peruvian agricultural
exports totaled 3,398 million US $ FOB, in 2011 the sum of 4,777 million US $
FOB in 2012 totaled 4,390 million US $ FOB in 2013 were exported was
recorded in April 427 million US $ FOB and agricultural exports in 2014 totaled
5,335 million US $ FOB, the main agricultural export products of coffee,
asparagus, fresh grapes, mangos, among others justifying this growth.
-The Principal policies pursued by Peru to the incentive of agricultural exports,
are or trade agreements and / or free trade agreements signed by Peru that
this access of Peruvian products with tariff preferences to different countries is
proposed. It is also considered the national program to eradicate fruit fly, key to
not increase the costs of exporting companies and also to maintain the quality
of exportable product program.
-The Agroexportables diversification of products has been measured by the
classification given by PROMPERU and also measured through the evolution
of the areas harvested.
-The Megaprojects irrigation CHAVIMOCHIC special project where they have
increased land for production and agricultural exports are represented.
- The number of exporting companies in Peru in 2010 were, 1556, taking
growth to 1793 in 2014.


There are many available algorithms for plagiarism detection in natural languages. Generally, these algorithms belong to main categories including plagiarism detection algorithms which is based on fingerprint and also plagiarism detection algorithms which is based on content comparison that contains string matching and tree matching algorithms. Available systems of plagiarism detection usually use specific types of detection algorithms or mixture of detection algorithms to achieve effective detection systems (fast and accurate). On rhetorical structure theory a system for plagiarism detection in Arabic and English health sciences publications has been developed using Bing search engine; Conclusion, all health sciences manuscripts should be tested through plagiarism detection system before accepting them for publications


This paper is part of an ongoing research investigating the potential for creating a tool that integrates the theoretical spatial and soundscape design connections, to aid spatial designers when considering sound as a primary driver for urban design. The investigation is founded on establishing a relationship between aural architecture theories and the urban spatial experience and design. It also explores the merging of spatial and acoustical computational approaches, through integrating the physical/mathematical representation of sound to the mapping of the spatial envelopes and phenomena of human aural responses. The intent is the development and calibration of a computational design and decision-aiding tool that can predict qualitative patterns of aural spatial perception, and translate them into spatial attributes within a modeled urban space. The tool combines known urban modeling techniques with established acoustic simulation methods to produce qualitative aural spatial patterns that can aid architects (urban and event designer) to incorporate acoustic sensory manipulation during the preliminary design phase.


Nickel is one of the most common allergens causing allergic contact dermatitis worldwide. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contributing factors to nickel contact allergy (NiCA) in Asians who have a unique culture and lifestyle. We randomly selected 324 previously patch‐tested patients, 162 nickel patch test (PT)‐positive patients and 162 nickel PT‐negative patients. The patients were telephone interviewed for their lifestyle information. Most of the nickel PT‐positive patients (93.2%) were female with a mean age of 38.9 ± 13.3 years compared with the other group of nickel PT‐negative patients who had a smaller proportion of females (76.5%) with an older mean age of 44.1 ± 14.9 years (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis was able to establish that the significant risk factors for NiCA were female sex (odds ratio [OR], 6.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.15–18.94), young age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–1.00), occupation with long periods of exposure to metal (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.18–8.02), seafood (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.17–3.27) and canned food consumption (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.17–8.33) (P < 0.05). The adjusted factors found to associate with NiCA were female sex, young age, occupation with long periods of exposure to metal, seafood and canned food consumption.


According to Criminal Litigation Law of the People's Republic of China,article 179-when clients find new evidence they can put forward petition for rehearing,and the People's Court ought to rehear it. "New Evidence", which should be established by the adjudication division,can be the reason of rehearing. So retrial system should be perfected in order that clients and judical organs will be incompliance with the rules.


The pathologic entity known as pseudomembranous enterocolitis has received much attention in the literature of recent years; yet a brief scanning of bibliographies on the subject will make the reader aware not only that the pathogenesis of this lesion remains an enigma but that there is a persistent trend toward identification of pseudomembranous enterocolitis with staphylococcal enteric infections secondary to antimicrobial therapy. It is evident from this study of 14 cases, first, that pseudomembranous enterocolitis is a pathologic entity not necessarily identifiable with or a sequel of staphylococcal enterocolitis, and, second, that an impairment of the blood supply of a part of the gastrointestinal tract caused by local or systemic vascular abnormalities may be a common denominator in the production of fatal pseudomembranous inflammation of the bowel. History Excellent reviews have been given by Newman 1 and other authors. 2,3 Though pseudomembrane formation in the gastrointestinal tract has long been


Objective: To determine the impact of antenatal care on maternal morbidity.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Obstetric Departments of three military hospitals in Northern Punjab cities of Rawalpindi, Jehlum and Mangla, from Jan to Mar 2019.
Methodology: Data of all mothers who gave live births in the selected military hospitals were collected. These mothers were classified as booked and unbooked on the basis of number of antenatal care visits. Maternal morbidities and complications of pregnancy were recorded. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.
Results: In our study, 254 (8.8%) of mothers were unbooked, 2273 (78.8%) were partially booked and 358 (12.4%) were booked. 894 (31%) mothers did not have any co-morbidity while 1991 (69%) mother had co-morbidity. Out of 749 (27.5%) mothers had anaemia, 869 (30.1%) had hypertension, 141 (30.1%) had diabetes mellitus, 24 (0.8%) cardiac disease, 39 (1.4%) had tuberculosis, 9 (0.3%) had liver disease 13 (0.5%) had kidney disease, 69 (2.4%) had allergies while 33 (1.1%) had other diseases. These complications were significantly greater in unbooked patients as compared to booked patients (p<0.001) Out of total 2885 mothers who gave live births in three military hospitals, only one (0.034%) mother died (who was unbooked) in Jhelum Hospital. Its Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was 34.66 per 100,000 live births.
Conclusion: In our study population anemia, hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities in expecting mothers. Unbooked mothers had more morbidities and complications of pregnancy than.........


Objective To discuss the clinical application of 3D CT reconstruction in fractures within joint.Methods Traditional X-ray films,CT scan and 3D CT reconstruction were performed in 70 cases with fracture joint surface involved .All patients were treated with best thereputic program.Results 63 joint surface involved fractures were performed in 70 patients,the others were non-operation.Conclusion Images of 3D CT reconstruction are important for the diagnosis and treatment of the joint fractures with facies articuaris involved.


In India the debate on corporate governance practices is sporadic and shrouded in ambivalence. Public policy on various aspects of the functioning of the corporate sector is evolving in terms of legal and regulatory support in the more recent past. The post-Cadbury debate the world over focuses on the central dimensions of corporate governance such as accountability and transparency. In countries like USA, special legislation has been introduced to promote a greater measure of transparency and accountability. Several countries have also adopted country codes and best practices. India needs to learn a great deal from the experiences of UK, USA, Canada and Europe in evolving an appropriate framework for enforcing higher standards of corporate governance.


Direct copper bonded (DCB) alumina substrates are among sophisticated technical materials suitable for application in electronics, automotive and engineering industries. DCB substrates resist very severe operational conditions and assure high reliability. This technology provides alumina substrates which are very strongly bonded to copper foil, due to the solidified eutectic alloy Cu2O‐Al2O3 or a suitable vitreous solder. Such substrates are ideal for the construction of elements in microelectronics hybrid circuits, power circuits and devices. As the bonding layer of a solidified eutectic or vitreous solder is very thin, the thermal resistivity stays sufficiently low; in addition, the dilatation properties of DCB substrates are close to those of silicon. This enables soldering of large silicon chips without the risk of creating mechanical stress and allows for the production of devices with very high construction effectivity. Examples of such applications are potential‐free modules, bridge circuits, automotive ignition modules and Peltier elements. The vitreous bonding layers are advantageous for certain applications. State‐of‐the‐art DCB bonding technology was developed for DCB aluminium nitride substrates, which have even better thermal qualities.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for an analog pulse beats a patient simulator, wherein the device comprises a base body disposed at an upper portion of the base and parallel to the upper actuator body, each longitudinal end portion of the base body is provided a lever body, wherein the lower portion of the lever member pivotally attached to the base and an upper portion thereof pivotally attached to the actuator body, and at least one shape memory alloy wire, one end of the wire is attached to the base body attached to the the lower adapter below each lever pivot on the body, and the other end attached to the base body, and wherein the length of the shape memory alloy wire is adjustable such that when no electrical pulse is transmitted, the length of the wire allows the lever or to be more or less bent and the base to hold the actuator body to form a compressed position at a first distance above the substrate, so that, when the actuation wire is contracted due to application of electrical pulses, they will the lever member is rotated slightly such that the angle and the actuator body to the base body rises above the second distance> extended position at a first distance.


Increasing evidence has suggested the crucial role of the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in osteosarcoma (OS) progression. MicroRNA (miR)-330-5p has been reported to exert tumor suppressive effects in various types of human cancer. However, the role of miR-330-5p in the development of OS and the underlying mechanism remain to be clarified. In the present study, miR-330-5p expression was found to be significantly decreased in OS tissues and cell lines. In addition, low miR-330-5p expression was highly correlated with the overall survival and clinical stage of OS. Overexpression of miR-330-5p inhibited the viability, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of OS cells, as well as induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Subsequently, the proto-oncogene survivin was identified as a functional target of miR-330-5p, and this was validated using a luciferase reporter assay. It was also demonstrated that survivin expression was markedly increased in OS tissues, and that it was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-330-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of survivin significantly abrogated the tumor-suppressive effect induced by miR-330-5p on OS cells. In conclusion, these results revealed that the miR-330-5p/survivin axis has a significant tumor-suppressive effect on OS, and may serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.


In this letter, we consider a multi-modal mobility system of travelers, and propose a game-theoretic framework to efficiently assign each traveler to a mobility service (e.g., different modes of transportation). Our focus in this framework is to maximize the "mobility equity" in the sense of respecting the mobility budgets of the travelers. Each traveler seeks to travel using only one service (e.g., car, bus, train, bike). The services are capacitated and can serve up to a fixed number of travelers at any instant of time. Thus, our problem falls under the category of many-to-one assignment problems, where the goal is to find the conditions that guarantee the stability of assignments. We formulate a linear program of maximizing the mobility equity of travelers and we fully characterize the optimal solution. We also show that our framework under the proposed pricing scheme induces truthfulness from the strategic travelers, while they have incentives to voluntarily participate under informational asymmetry.


Abstract Sputtered amorphous Fe-Co Tb-films with perpendicular and in-plane magnetic anisotropy were investigated by wide- and small angle neutron scattering. By combination with X-ray data the maxima in the pair correlation function could be attributed to the individual atomic pairs. Thus also partial coordination numbers and a short range order parameter could be determined. Wide angle diffraction revealed that the film with magnetic in-plane anisotropy contained 13 atomic percent hydrogen. The hydrogen incorporation causes substantial changes in the short range order, associated with enhanced formation of Tb-rich clusters, and the in-plane anisotropy. The clustering effect was confirmed by results from small angle scattering with polarized neutrons


In this talk we will discuss a nonoverlapping domain decomposition preconditioner for the symmetric interior penalty Galerkin method [1, 2, 3]. The preconditioner is based on balancing domain decomposition by constraints [4]. Theoretical results on the condition number estimate of the preconditioned system will be presented along with numerical results.


THE CRITERIA used in selecting articles for publication in the Journal of Research in Music Education can be simply stated. Aside from simple and necessary requirements having to do with expression, logic, documentation, and other mechanics of writing, all articles submitted are evaluated in the light of three considerations. Framed as questions, these considerations are as follows: 1. Is the article based upon serious and extended study of some aspect of music education? In this question, the term research is defined by implication; that is, its reference is not limited to historical study, nor to scientific study, nor to the study of present-status, but embraces all of these as well as any other form of study, so long as the work has been rigorously prosecuted and effectively reported. Furthermore, the term music education is to be taken in its widest sense. Music education involves, in addition to the teaching of music in elementary and secondary schools, the training of the teachers themselves. A sizable body of music educators consists of those who teach music in colleges to prospective and inservice teachers. Bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs now offered in music education must be planned and directed by music educators. The range of interest of students and teachers in these programs is very wide and while the editorial staff must use a certain discrimination as regards subject matter in selecting articles for publication, neither can the staff restrict too narrowly the scope of subject matter presumably, potentially, or properly of interest to music educators. In the light of these considerations, the editorial staff has devised a rule of thumb whereby the term music education is considered to relate to music teaching of any kind as well as to other musical activities, such as directing community orchestras, bands, and choirs, in which the aims of the endeavors may be described as cultural rather than professional. 2. Is the author of the article a member of the music education profession? Let it be said immediately that the editorial staff welcomes contributions from those outside the profession providing the contributions deal with instruction in music. On the other hand, the staff feels obligated to give the most serious consideration to any research report, regardless of its subject, which is submitted by a member of the profession. The logic of this consists simply in the fact that what one music educator considers worthy of investigation is on that very account of possible interest to other music educators. Here again, there is no wish to delimit arbitrarily the presumed interests of our profession. 3. Is the article based on an academic thesis or dissertation in music education? It need not be, of course, but one of the principal aims of the MENC in establishing the Journal of Research in Music Education was to provide a vehicle for the publication of the best research produced by the many advanced students in various colleges and universities throughout the country. Therefore, the editorial staff gives special consideration to such articles, feeling that to publish as many as possible will serve many worthy purposes, not the least of which are to obviate much duplication of effort and to aid in the establishment of qualitative standards in research by holding up the best to public scrutiny. A.P.B.


Response:

We thank Dr. Cheong for his careful reading of and suggestions for our articles.1 The clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is notoriously difficult.2 Subclinical PID, acute PID, chronic PID, and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) were indicated as upper genital infection in female reproductive system. In clinical experience, PID is usually accompanied by lower genital tract infection. In pathological experience, PID is a polymicrobial infection heralded by the acquisition of a sexually transmitted pathogen and results in increasing spread of aerobic and anaerobic vaginal bacteria.3 The original idea of this study was to evaluate the impact of female genital tract infection on the prevalence of stroke. Furthermore, bacterial vaginosis, a common lower-genital infection, is not associated with PID, but specific subgroups of patients with bacterial vaginosis that may be difficult to identify clinically are at increased risk for PID.4 All ICD-9-CM codes 614 to …


Objective To eveluate the effects of selected decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on intestinal flora and intestinally derived endotoxemia in patients of rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement operation with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the clinlical sigeficance. Methods Twenty-eight adults were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. Patients in the control group took preoperative preparation routinely while those in the treatment group were orally administrated with Tobramycin (100 mg), Garlicin (40 mg), and Lactulose (10 ml) three times per day in addition to the routine preoperative preparation. Intestinal floras were detected and the endotoxin levels of arterial blood were measured at four different time points. Results Endotoxin level of patients undergoing CPB increased significantly (P0.05). The quantity of Escherichia coli and the endotoxin level decreased significantly after SDD as compared with that in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The regime of SDD is an effective way for protecting against intestinally derived endotoxemia, but it may have no effect on the clinical outcomes.


The parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) adjusts its progeny allocation to the exposed volume of its insect egg host. This paper deals with the mechanism for this size discrimination, which is not dependent upon chemical or visual cues or repeated parasitism. The wasps are also able to discriminate between hosts of the same diameter that differ in exposed surface area, and do not use curvature to determine progeny allocation under these conditions. A computer-based event recorder was used to collect information about the host-examining behaviour of the wasp. Of the examining-path parameters that change with surface area, only the duration of the wasp's initial transit across the exposed surface of the host correlated significantly with the number of eggs subsequently laid by the wasp. Artificially reducing the initial transit of the wasp by obstructing its path resulted in significantly fewer eggs per host. Both large and small wasps allocate the same n...


PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of an amplification reaction of a sample useful for accurate diagnosis or the like of infectious diseases and genetic diseases by detecting the amplification of an internal control sequence using a known amount of the internal control nucleotide sequence or the like. CONSTITUTION: This method for determining the efficacy of an amplification reaction of a sample comprises coamplifying a known amount of an internal control nucleotide sequence with a target nucleotide sequence such as of Mycobacterium tuberclosis, if present, by an isothermal amplification in which the control sequence has the substantially the same length as that of the target sequence and the substantially the same G+C content as that of the target sequence, and detecting the amplification of the internal control sequence by a chemiluminescent assay or the like. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


In the paper, we explore the performance of deep residual convolutional networks for labelling ethnomusicological field recordings. Field recordings are integral documents of folk music performances captured in the field, and typically contain performances, intertwined with interviews and commentaries. As these are live recordings, captured in non-ideal conditions, they usually contain significant background noise. Labelling of field recordings is a typical step in segmentation of these recordings, where short sound excerpts are classified into one of a set of predefined classes. In the paper, we explore classification into four classes: speech, solo singing, choir singing (more than one voice) and instrumental performances. We describe the dataset gathered for the task and the labelling tools developed for gathering the reference annotations. We compare different input representations and convolutional network architectures based on residual modules for labelling short audio segments and compare them to the more standard feature based approaches, where an improvement in classification accuracy of over 5% was obtained.


The utility model discloses a milk bottle air return system and a milk bottle. The milk bottle air return system comprises an air return main body with an upper end opening, and an air return upper cover arranged on the upper end opening of the air return main body. The air return main body comprises a cavity body and an air guide tube located on the lower portion of the cavity body and communicated with the cavity body in a conducted mode. The opening diameter of the air guide tube is smaller than that of the cavity body. An air return middle cover is further arranged between the air return main body and the air return upper cover. The air return main body, the air return upper cover and the air return middle cover are all provided with liquid outlet holes. A leakage-proof cavity is formed between the air return middle cover and the inner wall of the cavity body of the air return main body, and another leakage-proof cavity is formed between the air return middle cover and the air return upper cover. The air return upper cover is tightly attached to the air return middle cover on an edge. The upper end of the air return main body is arranged on a bottle opening of the milk bottle. The cavity body and the air guide tube of the air return main body stretch into a bottle body of the milk bottle. An air return channel is arranged in the air return upper cover, the air return middle cover and the air return main body, and the external of the bottle body of the milk bottle is communicated with the internal of the bottle body of the milk bottle through the air return channel. The milk bottle air return system is smooth in sucking, and air is prevented from being sucked in.


Mathematics has double characters including science and technology. What sort of technology the mathematics is? The direct research object of mathematics is mode, and the mode is the carrier of information, and the evolvement of mode is the process of information processing and information conversion. Therefore, mathematics is the technology of informa- tion processing and information conversion. Mathematics has been regarded as pure and rational science for a long time, but comparing with other natural sciences, the mathematics science has its unique characters. Many subjects such as physics, chemistry, and life science generally are theories or laws of theoretical generalization about certain natural law based on experiments, but mathematics is the mode coming from abstract thinking which can be evolved. With the development of mathematics and the change of social mathematical demands, the characters of mathematics are also changing. In the day of informationization and high technology, people have more realized that mathematics is not only the science, but also the technology. Academician of American Academy of Sciences, J. C. Glimm said that "mathematics is very important for the economic competition, and it is a sort of pivotal and universal technology which can offer ability for people". Mathematics is regarded as a sort of technology, but what sort of technology it is? 1. High and new technology is a sort of mathematical technology in nature In 1981, American Council of State called experts in mathematics science and relative subjects together and founded a special committee, and though three years' observation and analysis, this committee put forward the report of "further flourishing the mathematics of US". The report pointed out that "the appearance of high technology has pushed our society into the new time of mathematical engineering technology". The president of the special committee, the applied mathe- matician, E. David said that "only few people can realize that the high technology is a sort of mathematics technology in nature". Since the second half of the 20th century, the technology character of mathematics is more and more dominant, and the new and high technology more and more depends on the mathematics technology. There are three causes. First, the new and high technology generally has high science and technology content, and generally speaking, the high science and technology degree has high abstraction degree, and the possibility to apply mathematics to solve problems is higher. Sec- ond, with the development of modern applied mathematics, mathematics fully presents powerful function and technology power when solving human and nature problems. Third, because of the appearance of computer, the fourth peak of math- ematics occurs, i.e. the information-based mathematics. In the time of information, mathematics could be everywhere, and it becomes into the universally applied technology.


Research in the field of intergroup relations has developed considerably over the last two decades, influenced by events and by the historical zeitgeist. We suggest applying an interactional way of dealing with intergroup encounters, which emphasizes the situational macro‐context (political, historical and social) in which the contact takes place. Employing this approach, the impact of the social‐political context on the characteristics of two encounters in which Jewish and Arab Israeli students met to deal with the Israeli–Arab political conflict was examined. The workshops took place within two completely different political contexts. The first workshop was at the time of peace talks, following the Oslo Accords (1996–1997), the second during the al‐Aksa Intifada (2001–2002). The discussions were recorded and fully transcribed. The two workshops were compared using a typology for classification of the developmental process of discourse between groups. The analysis revealed that during the peace talks 'ethnocentric discourse' was the dominant speech category, characterized by two monologues that do not meet. In the second workshop dialogic categories characterized by sharing of feelings, listening to the 'other' and making an effort to understand how reality looks from his/her perspective were salient. The research findings are discussed with regard to the paradoxical impact of the political–social context on discourse in small groups. The findings give a new understanding of the role of small intergroup meetings against the background of violent reality in an intractable conflict.


Recent extreme precipitation events have caused widespread flooding to the UK. The prediction of the intensity of such events in a warmer climate is important for adaption strategies against future events. This study highlights the importance of using high-resolution models to predict these events. Using a high-resolution GCM it is shown that extreme precipitation events are predicted to become more frequent under the IPCC A1B warming scenario. It is also shown that current forecast models have difficulty in predicting the location, timing and intensity of small scale precipitation in areas with significant orography.


A multiplicative Schwarz algorithm for the solution of the symmetric linear complementarity problem is proposed,in which subproblems are solved by projective iterative methods.By using the propertise of the projective iterative operator and the convergence of the projective iterative methods.It is shown that any accumulation point of the iterates generated by the algorithm solves the linear complementarity problem.Moreover,under some conditions,the existence of an accumulation point is guaranteed.


We have highlighted the need to create a cluster of medical innovations in health care in the modernization of the Russian economy.


Speech recognition systems are now widely used in our daily lives. However, sometimes speech recognition systems fail to recognize utterances. In many cases, users do not know what causes the failure, while the system asks users to repeat the utterance. When this situation continues, users consider that speech recognition systems are not user-friendly. The usability of speech recognition systems can be improved by specifying causes of error and presenting them in a way that users can easily understand, allowing them to improve the utterance. In this study, our aim is to categorize causes of error related to utterance characteristics occurring in daily-use speech recognition systems and present the feedback to users. Here, we focus on causes of error related to the utterance speed, such as 'fast', 'slow', 'filler', and 'stuttered', since they are easy for users to correct and frequently occur in natural speech. We propose a categorization method with bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) as the categorization model. In this paper, we compare the Mel filter bank with that of the modulation spectrum as feature extraction methods. We perform an experiment in which it is decided whether a cause of error is present in a given utterance. The results indicate that our method using the modulation spectrum can reduce the number of false detections of causes of error related to the utterance speed, compared with the method using the Mel filter bank.


A diatomite/acrylic acid(DIA/AA) hydrogel is prepared in aqueous solution by using glow discharge electrolysis plasma(GDEP) induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid(AA) on diatomite(DIA),in which N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA) is used as a crosslinker.Cationic dye Malachite Green(MG) is used for characterizing adsorption property.Factors influencing the adsorption of MG such as solution pH,contact time,initial concentration are investigated in detail by batch experiments.The results show that the best parameters for the removal of MG are pH 5.6 and the equilibrium contact time 4 h.The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir model.


Great strides have been made over the past decade in the theory and calculation of X-ray and related spectra. Some advances involve predictions of material properties such as structure or dynamics in order to make a prediction more complete, thus requiring less input, or otherwise reducing the number of free parameters required to fit to experimental data. Other advances, e.g., GW/BSE approaches, improve common approximations for electron correlation or electron-phonon interactions. However, many of these advanced methods require a combination of approaches to obtain complete calculations. Thus users must be proficient in a variety of codes, with multiple input and output formats. Moreover, users must usually manually link codes by translating the output of one to a format consistent with the input of the next. These aspects of state-of-the-art approaches create barriers to their widespread use and hence reduce the overall quality of theory and analysis methods for X-ray spectra.


Survivors of critical illness often suffer from development of new or presumed exacerbation of baseline neurological dysfunctions unrelated to their primary illness. 1,16,17 These events are inadequately characterised and their quantification has been difficult due to limitations imposed by lack of clarity about its epidemiology and pathophysiology. Neurocognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a prevalent, important, neglected and potentially modifiable outcome among survivors of critically ill patients. It is estimated that close to 5million patients are being managed in an ICU setting annually in the US alone. 2 Data from developing world is not forthcoming. This study was undertaken to study cognitive impairment in critically ill patients admitted to Intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. The study aimed to assess prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in critically ill, ascertain the spectrum of neurocognitive impairment in critically ill patients and to determine risk factors associated with development of neurocognitive dysfunction. We also wanted to determine the delayed sequelae of neurocognitive impairment in the critically ill.


Reading Primer for Primary Schoolsis CHEN Du-xiu's posthumous work.He wrote itin hard condi- tions with a historical materialistviewpoint and the spirit of science and democracy,taking word roots and breeding words forexamples accompanied by the study of words with the same origin for the purpose of improving the method of learning new words so as to promote the Chinese standard of primany and middle school students.Much enlighten- mentcan be derived from it.