We present novel terahertz (THz) detectors, using nanoelectronic devices, such as 2-D semiconductor and carbon nanotube (CNT). Our detector is useful for high-resolution THz imaging, which requires highly sensitive detection. We have developed a frequency-tunable THz-photon detector and an on-chip near-field imaging detector. The detection mechanism of the former is that the CNT transistor detects electrical polarization generated by THz-excited electron-hole pairs in the 2-D semiconductor. In the latter, we have achieved THz imaging beyond the diffraction limit with an all-integrated device, including an aperture, a probe, and a detector. We further show applications of the THz imaging to semiconductor research. We have successfully visualized and clarified spatial properties of electrons in the 2-D semiconductors, which have not been revealed by conventional transport measurements.


Before the production records of different cows may be critically compared, as in the study of the inheritance of milk flow, for example, it is necessary to make proper corrections for the differing ages of the individuals compared. It has long been a matter of common knowledge that there is a change in amount of milk produced as a cow grows older. Before any proper corrections for this factor can be applied it is essential to determine with precision, and, so far as may be, generality, the quantitative law connecting these two characters milk flow and age. By the associations and individuals who have in charge the Advanced Registry records in all of the dairy breeds of cattle it is generally, and quite erroneously, assumed that the relation between these two variables is a strictly linear one. During the past two years I have been engaged (with the assistance of Messrs. John Rice Miner, John W. Gowen, and S. W. Patterson) upon a study of this problem, as a necessary preliminary to a genetic investigation of milk production. The essential result reached may be stated as follows: The amount of milk produced by a cow in a given unit of time (7 days, 1 year, etc.) is a logarithmic function of the age of the cow. The actual curves which were found to graduate successfully the non-linear regression lines in the case of the different breeds were of the general form where Y denotes the amount of milk produced in a given time, and X denotes the. age of the cow, This form of curve is one with which we are already familiar in connection with studies of growth, the change in size of the hen's egg with age, etc.


A least-squares refinement of the structure of celestite has been carried out using three-dimensional counter-diffractometer data. The results agree, in general, with those for the isotypic minerals barite (BaS04) and anglesite (PbS04).


In recent years, walls made by Hollow Clay Tiles (HCT), have been used as a common partitions in Iran and other countries. These partitions are generally thought as non-structural elements and hence not considered in analysis and design of buildings; this is due to the lack of information about the seismic performance of partitions. In this study, based on experimental tests, a new analytical backbone curves are proposed to simulate the performance of HCT partitions. Partitions considered in this study have two types of overlays (plaster + browning plaster and cement), R.C. frames are in 3 and 6 stories and OpenSees software is used for non-linear modelling. The effect of presence of this type of partitions in seismic performance of R.C. frames is investigated by modal and nonlinear push-over analysis. It has been observed that the presence of the wall makes a significant reduction in fundamental period of frames while the changes in mode shapes are not considerable. On the other hand, the deformation capacity of the frames decreases.


This issue of Eastern European Economics continues to deliver the papers from the third international conference "Economic Turmoil in Contemporary Europe" organized by the Department of Econometric...


Interferon-gamma has been shown to be important for the resolution of inflammation associated with CNS autoimmunity. Because one of the roles of gamma delta T cells is the regulation of inflammation, we asked whether gamma delta T cells were able to regulate CNS inflammation using the autoimmune disease mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We show that the presence of gamma delta T cells was needed to promote the production of IFN-gamma by both CD4 and CD8 T cells in the CNS before the onset of EAE. This regulation was shown to be independent of the ability of gamma delta T cells to produce IFN-gamma, and was specific to T cells in the CNS, as no alterations in IFN-gamma production were detectable in gamma delta T cell-deficient mice in the spleen and lymph nodes of mice with EAE or following immunization. Analysis of TCR gamma delta gene usage in the CNS showed that the only TCR delta V gene families present in the CNS before EAE onset are from the DV7s6 and DV105s1 gene families. We also show that the primary IFN-gamma-producing cells in the CNS are the encephalitogenic T cells, and that gamma delta T cell-deficient mice are unable to resolve EAE disease symptoms like control mice, thus exhibiting a long-term chronic disease course similar to that observed in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. These data suggest that CNS resident gamma delta T cells promote the production of IFN-gamma by encephalitogenic T cells in the CNS, which is ultimately required for the recovery from EAE.


We provide the first algorithm for online bandit linear optimization whose regret after T rounds is of order sqrt{Td ln N} on any finite class X of N actions in d dimensions, and of order d*sqrt{T} (up to log factors) when X is infinite. These bounds are not improvable in general. The basic idea utilizes tools from convex geometry to construct what is essentially an optimal exploration basis. We also present an application to a model of linear bandits with expert advice. Interestingly, these results show that bandit linear optimization with expert advice in d dimensions is no more difficult (in terms of the achievable regret) than the online d-armed bandit problem with expert advice (where EXP4 is optimal).


The adaptation of the genus Chrysomyxa to a short growing season is discussed. Keys are given to the aecial and to the uredinial or telial stages of species that occur in North America. Range extensions are given, particularly for northern Canada. C. Rhododendri, newly reported in North America, and C. Cassandrae are shown to be barely distinguishable from C. Ledi and are made varieties of it. C. Woronini is reported for the first time in North America.


"T THINK IF YOU'D put them in a sack and shake them up," a 1 white mail carrier in rural Georgia said while attempting to define the difference between the Democratic and Republican parties, "you wouldn't know which ... jump(ed) out first." A retired carpenter living nearby disagreed."They's a difference, Lawd yes. The main difference is the Republicans believe in a lot of hard, harsh things and the Democrats in good living, good jobs,, and good times." Others were less certain of the distinction. A 70 year old dowager in Florida said, "The name (Republican) offends my sensibilities but actually in some ways it is more like the old Democratic party I once believed in." In Little Rock, Arkansas, a 60 year old woman also was puzzled. "I was always raised a Democrat. I used to think Republicans made depressions, but Eisenhower didn't make one. But I don't believe he was a real Republican." Southern Negroes are equally perplexed. "The southern Democrats fight Civil Rights," according to a Negro college student in North Carolina. A Negro share-cropper in Georgia looked at the parties differently. He was a Republican until ". . . President Roosevelt brought us out, the Negro out in the world. I figured I should be what my daddy was. (But) President Roosevelt did a miracle, put bread in our mouths. Hoover put money in his own pocket and nobody else's." A Negro brick maker in Florida said that he liked the Republican party ". . . because I am an old man and I believe in old things. And to my weak judgment the Republicans always did more for the colored people than the Democratic people." But another elderly Negro, this one a Democrat in Tennessee, replied, "^ ... I know they say the Republicans freed the slaves, . . . (but) . . .to me they are not free yet." These are some responses of southern voters when asked about the Democratic and Republican parties. Obviously, the politics of


The mining industry is the primary source of the state's revenue. The legal instrument governing the mining industry in Indonesia is Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal. Unfortunately, the existence of the mining industry in various regions in Indonesia, especially open-pit coal mining industries, raises multiple problems, one of which related to the aspect of environmental law. The issues which arise in forms of pollution and ecological damage. These problems still occur in several open-pit coal mining areas such as in Bengkulu and South Kalimantan. Environmental law is expected to be a tool to protect the environment from various negative impacts of business activities and from citizens who lack awareness towards the environment, in order to guarantee the sustainability of environmental functions. One of the steps that need to be done is enforcing environmental law effectively. Enforcement can be done in forms of preventive and repressive, which means through administrative, criminal and civil procedures. Thus, the existence of the mining industry is expected to continue to support sustainable development in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research through the method of legislative approach, conceptual approach and analytical approach. The object of the normative legal analysis is in the form of qualitative legal materials, namely primary legal material (legislation) and secondary legal material (library materials). The specification of this study is inferential research, which doesn't merely describe facts but draws general conclusions that can be the basis of deduction to determine steps to deal with legal problems and define the position of the issues in the national legal system as well. Regarding the research data, both secondary and primary data, a qualitative juridical analysis was carried out using the method of legal interpretation, especially grammatical interpretation, historical interpretation, and systematic interpretation and analogy and constructivism, the results of which were written descriptively.


In the rendezvous problem, two computing entities (called agents) located at different vertices in a graph have to meet at the same vertex. In this paper, we consider the synchronous neighborhood rendezvous problem, where the agents are initially located at two adjacent vertices. While this problem can be trivially solved in O(Δ) rounds (Δ is the maximum degree of the graph), it is highly challenging to reveal whether that problem can be solved in o(Δ) rounds, even assuming the rich computational capability of agents. The only known result is that the time complexity of O($\sqrt n $) rounds is achievable if the graph is complete and agents are probabilistic, asymmetric, and can use whiteboards placed at vertices. Our main contribution is to clarify the situation (with respect to computational models and graph classes) admitting such a sublinear-time rendezvous algorithm. More precisely, we present two algorithms achieving fast rendezvous additionally assuming bounded minimum degree, unique vertex identifier, and accessibility to neighborhood IDs. The first algorithm runs within $\tilde O\left( {\sqrt {n\Delta /\delta } + n/\delta } \right)$ rounds for graphs of the minimum degree larger than $\sqrt n $, where n is the number of vertices in the graph, and δ is the minimum degree of the graph. The second algorithm assumes that the largest vertex ID is O(n), and achieves $\tilde O\left( {\frac{n}{{\sqrt \delta }}} \right)$ -round time complexity without using whiteboards. These algorithms attain o(Δ)-round complexity in the case of $\delta = \omega \left( {\sqrt n \log n} \right)$ and δ = ω(n2/3 log4/3 n) respectively. We also prove that three unconventional assumptions of our algorithm, bounded minimum degree, accessibility to neighborhood IDs, and initial distance one, are all inherently necessary for attaining fast rendezvous. That is, one can obtain the Ω(n)-round lower bound if either one of them is removed.


Marja Talikka Recognizing required changes to higher education engineering programs' information literacy education as a consequence of research problems becoming more complex Lappeenranta 2018 136 pages Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 800 Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology ISBN 978-952-335-237-7, ISBN 978-952-335-238-4 (PDF), ISSN-L 1456-4491, ISSN 1456-4491 Challenges in the Earth's sustainable development set requirements to modern engineering education. Engineers face complex problems, which need to be solved to keep the planet viable for future generations. This study was conducted to find out what kind of changes should be made to the practice and to the content of information literacy (IL) education in order to provide students attending higher education engineering programs with knowledge and skills they need in solving the engineering problems of the modern world. While IL teaching resources at Lappeenranta Academic Library are limited, IL education at the Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) is carried out either online or as brief IL education sessions, which are integrated in substance education. This study focuses on the effects of brief integrated IL education on students' information literacy and their ability to recognize the complex issues of their research problems. This study reports how brief IL education can be developed to fulfill the information literacy needs of modern engineering research and design successfully. Brief IL education sessions, which based on results of observations about IL skills and knowledge that student lack, were integrated in mechanical engineering seminar courses which aimed at finding the most sustainable materials for given application and in a basic course of environmental technology. The objective was to find out if students' research accomplishments and research understanding would benefit from the brief IL sessions. The research based on transcribed student answers to surveys and interviews, which were analyzed according to the Miles & Huberman method and teachers' evaluations of learning outcomes. Classifications for categorizing student answers were created to study changes in their information searching and research skills. The qualitative results were quantified according to the classifications. Changes in searching skills were studied by using the Webropol survey tool before and after IL education to find out about changes in the use of search words and information sources. Mechanical engineering seminar students' research problem formulations analyses based on a four-step classification which was created for this research by applying Ackoff's knowledge hierarchy (Ackoff 1989) and Fava's sustainability maturity curve (Fava 2014, Burgess 2014). The development of students' information search questions was studied by using a six-point classification tool which is based on the model of the stages of information searching presented by Kuhlthau (1993) and further developed by Vakkari (2000) and on the six cognitive process categories of Bloom's taxonomy (Anderson, Krathwohl 2001). Both analyses, the research problem formulation and information search question development, were done from the perspective of sustainability issues appearing in students' questionnaire answers. Based on the results, brief integrated IL education appears to advance students' searching skills, their ability to understand and outline their research problem, and the way they formulate their information search questions to find literature for solving the interdisciplinary research problem at hand. Integrating the presented kind of brief IL education sessions into substance education enhances students' understanding of the complexity of their research problems and the procedure to find suitable information to solve those problems. In addition to developing their ability to do research, they also learn to observe their problems from a wider perspective and e.g. take into account sustainability challenges of their topics. From the engineering program's viewpoint, the fact that students engage in interdisciplinary issues of their research problem as a result of integrated IL education is an advantage and saves faculty teaching resources when experts of all linking disciplines do not need to participate in instruction.


This paper presents a numerical study for the single phase heat transfer of water in the heat sinks with different types of the grooved microchannels. The cross section of the grooves is either rectangular or arced shape. The grooves are embedded vertically in the side walls of the microchannel but for the floor, different orientation angles of the grooves in the range of 0–60° are investigated. As well, for the grooves on the floor of the channel, the chevron-shape is another pattern which has bee studied. A 3-D computational model is developed for each of the studied cases and the conjugate heat transfer in both solid and liquid is investigated. The governing equations are solved numerically to determine the pressure drop and heat transfer through the heat sink. The results of the heat removal and coefficient of performance (COP) for different types of the grooved microchannel heat sinks are compared to each other as well with those for a simple microchannel heat sink with minimum fin thickness. The comparison shows that the case with minimum vertical fin thickness and arc grooves aligned in 60° on the floor has the maximum heat removal and COP among the studied cases.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Globulin was detected in protein-containing urine for the first time in 1866, by Lehman. 1 From then on, several studies * have dealt with a possible relationship of globinuria to the outcome of renal diseases. Discrepancies in the results and conclusions obtained may be due to the use of older, inaccurate methods and to the fact that single or few examinations were done in individual cases. Further confusion also derived from the poorly defined classification of cases used for investigation, usually grouped under the term of "Bright's disease." We will confine our communication to 11 children who suffered from acute postinfectious hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis and to 32 children suffering from the nephrotic syndrome. According to a recently proposed classification, 10 children who had the nephrotic syndrome in its so-called "pure form" were not separated from children who at one time or another had the disease with hematuria, hyperten sion, or azotemia. According


Novel V-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters have been presented. Design procedures for the filters synthesis and mechanisms providing quasi-elliptic response have been explained. The insertion loss of the filters has been measured below 2 dB with microstrip-to-SIW transitions being included.


Traffic safety policy defines plans that are expressed using numerical values for the planned level of improvement. The directing or apportioning of efforts represents the initial step of planned improvements. If a road is observed as a system of sections, the sections should be prioritized, selected, and investigated according to precise enhancement requests. A temporal approach to road safety analysis enables the application of reliability reallocation theory. The individual application of certain reliability reallocation methods may yield results that are unusable for a road authority in some situations. This paper describes a method that is based on a judicious combination of acceptable features of two reliability reallocation methods [the aeronautical radio incorporated (ARINC) and the minimum effort algorithm] in different iterations. This method enables the possibility of setting a precisely expressed goal with a minimal set of input values to obtain quality and applicable results for a decision maker. The presented approach represents an improvement in the field of road safety decision-making support and is transferable to other areas of transportation engineering and effort allocation. Language: en


Abstract Health psychology is limited by its almost exclusive use of a positivist quantitative research paradigm, and the adoption and use of qualitative methods by health psychologists will provide increased understandings of health and illness. Qualitative methods provide a means to incorporate the social world into our research, and furnish ways to investigate the meanings of health and illness experience. We present a brief consideration of the qualitative paradigm and some important underlying issues related to its use. We describe three qualitative approaches - grounded theory, narrative analysis, and discourse analysis - chosen for their relevance and diversity. We provide illustrations of the use of each in health research, and suggest how these approaches could be utilised by health psychologists to enrich understanding in the health field. We conclude that health psychologists have a great deal to gain from joining other social science health researchers in adopting qualitative approaches in the...


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high-pressure pipe, wherein an inner tube of metal and an outer tube made of metal are pulled together by a first drawing die. Here, the outer diameter of the inner tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube. a very stable non-positive connection between the inner tube and the outer tube is produced by the common pulling the outer tube and the inner tube extending therein through the first drawing die. This leads on the one hand, that a tube is produced with a large wall thickness, by which the formed tube is very robust and resistant to pressure. On the other hand, the pipe produced by cold forming a very high surface quality of the outer surface and in particular the inner jacket surface on these two characteristics enable a sufficiently high degree of protection of the pipe to be produced prior to bursting when the tube is acted upon by pressures beyond the 12,000 bar. Accordingly, the inventive method is particularly suitable for manufacturing a pipe with a significantly improved dynamic pressure resistance of high pressures by the combination of a large wall thickness of the pipe to be produced on the one hand and a high surface quality of the inner surface of the pipe to the other.


A generic combustor has been modelled using Reynolds Averaged Numerical Simulations (RANS) and Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The combustor is representative of a sector of an aero-engine combustor, including one fuel injector and several dilutions ports. To enable optical measurements the combustor has been equipped with air-cooled quartz windows. Both RANS and LES computations have been performed, and two grids have been applied. One grid represents the combustor only, while the other also includes the burner swirler passages. The difference between applying the boundary conditions at combustor inlet and including the swirlers in the CFD model are studied. The computations are performed with a Rolls-Royce in-house code. The code is block-structured and parallelised using MPI (Message Passing Interface). Both isothermal and combustion computations have been carried out. The combustion process has been modelled with a conserved scalar flamelet model, but also a finite rate chemical model has been applied. Detailed experimental data are available (LDA, PIV, DGV, Raman, CARS) with the primary and dilution zone of the combustor. The measurements have been performed by DLR Cologne within the EC funded research project MOLECULES. The cold flow field in the primary zone is represented well by both the RANS and LES model, but if the injector is modelled, the combustor inlet profiles are better represented by the LES model. In the dilution zone there are larger differences between LES and RANS. The RANS computations underestimate the jet penetration. The combusting simulations using the conserved scalar model compare not very well with the experimental results close to the injector: the mixture burns too fast. The finite rate reaction model, combined with RANS gave better results. It is concluded that in the vicinity of the injector the chemistry cannot be assumed to be infinitely fast.


We discuss the problem of existence of Langmuir solitons when the assumption of quasineutrality breaks down. For moving solitons a discrete spectrum of eigenvalues is found. The forms of the solitons are shown to be significantly different from those reported in previous finite-amplitude theories. The existence lines are presented for various Mach numbers and values of nonlinear frequency shift. The transition from standing to sonic Langmuir solitons is explained.


In order to study the contamination characteristics of insulators under different conditions and to ensure the safe operation of electrical systems, the mechanical properties and motor characteristics/behavior of particles near the insulators were analyzed. A wind tunnel contamination test of a porcelain insulator was also conducted. The deposition criteria model based on energy of particles on the insulator surface was progressively optimized from three aspects: particle positive and negative charge ratio, insulator and particle surface energy, and particle size distribution. The effect of the contamination characteristics of the porcelain insulators in the wind tunnel was investigated, and the results showed that three optimization models were obtained. Compared with the Wind-tunnel contamination test results, the average relative error of the simulation results decreased by 6.6%, 21.5%, and 6.4%, respectively, and their surface deposit amount all display a consistent changing pattern with DC voltage variation and a V-shaped distribution, which verifies the rationality of the three optimization models. Thus, it can be used as a reference for numerical simulation of porcelain insulators.


The importance of structural demands is usually overlooked in the conceptual
design phase. Architects commonly conceive the geometry of a structure without
much involvement of an engineer or with regards to structural demands. This is
in part because a lack of tools available to engineers in this phase. The common
paradigm for structural analysis software interface badly with the iterative and
chaotic nature of conceptual design. Developing tools that enables structural
demands to be a more prominent part of conceptual design should hypothetically
result in overall better performing designs leaving the conceptual phase.

This thesis investigates the requirements for, and the development of, a simple
structural design and analysis application using a more direct interaction model
adapted to the conceptual design phase. Emphasis is on creating a user
experience that incite design exploration by developing a suitable user
interaction model and a design comparison tool. A game engine was used to aid
the development of an interactive and engaging environment.

Feedback and observation of users testing the application indicated that a more
direct interaction model can enhance user engagement as well as proneness to
design exploration, strengthening similar results in previous work done in this
field. Feedback also indicated that a developed tool, aimed at design comparison,
became poorly used. Testers argued that the tool was potentially powerful, but
needs a more integrated implementation than the one used in this application,
which did not engage users enough.

The developed application is called StructSTUDIO and is available online at
structarch.org/ids/.


The invention discloses a method for producing high-purity 1-aminoanthraquinone through catalytic hydrogenation. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, safe operation, low production cost and no pollution. The method comprises the following steps of: preforming hydrogenation on 1-nitroanthraquinone and a solvent in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor, filtering off the catalyst, stirring or standing a reducing solution in an oxidant, and obtaining 1-aminoanthraquinone through oxidation of a small amount of perhydrogenation product in the reducing solution to promote solution oversaturation to realize homogeneous crystallization, so that the high-purity 1-aminoanthraquinone is obtained; and continuously applying a motor solution of which crystals are filtered off, and the catalyst mechanically, and after multiple mechanical application, adding a diluent into the reducing solution to obtain 1-aminoanthraquinone crystals, wherein in the catalytic hydrogenation reaction, a weight ratio of the solvent to the 1-nitroanthraquinone is (1.0-10.0):1, and the reaction temperature ranges from normal temperature to 120DEG C. The purity of the obtained 1-aminoanthraquinone is over 99 percent, the total yield in the process is over 98 percent, and in the production process, the consumption of the solvent is low, three-waste emission is avoided, and the production process is clean.


Voltage‐gated ion channels are large tetrameric multidomain membrane proteins that play crucial roles in various cellular transduction pathways. Because of their large size and domain‐related mobility, structural characterization has proved challenging. We analyzed high‐resolution solid‐state NMR data on different isotope‐labeled protein constructs of a bacterial cyclic nucleotide‐activated K+ channel (MlCNG) in lipid bilayers. We could identify the different subdomains of the 4×355 residue protein, such as the voltage‐sensing domain and the cyclic nucleotide binding domain. Comparison to ssNMR data obtained on isotope‐labeled cell membranes suggests a tight association of negatively charged lipids to the channel. We detected spectroscopic polymorphism that extends beyond the ligand binding site, and the corresponding protein segments have been associated with mutant channel types in eukaryotic systems. These findings illustrate the potential of ssNMR for structural investigations on large membrane‐embedded proteins, even in the presence of local disorder.


CURRENT APPROACH TO CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) was developed in the United States and taken up enthusiastically. Autologous saphenous veins have been the most popular conduit although the internal mammary artery increasingly is being used. Although it is tempting to link symptomatic relief with improved perfusion the mechanism remains an enigma. In a study of patients with blocked grafts, Block et al. (1) demonstrated over 50 per cent improved both subjectively and by exercise testing while 20 per cent were asymptomatic. Myocardial perfusion studies (2) have shown that around 25 per cent of angina free patients with patent grafts continue to have evidence of painless reversible ischaemia. Restoration of adequate myocardial perfusion is important but possible other factors include perioperative infarction, improved left ventricular function, denervation of ischaemic areas and a placebo effect of surgery.


Debates between Habermas and the poststructuralists - specifically, Derrida, Foucault and Lyotard - over the nature of critiques of Enlightenment rationality and modernity are investigated in order to argue for an agenda for critical theory beyond the 'French Fries and the Frankfurter'.1 Part I interrogates key elements of Habermas' theory of communicative rationality in his reconstruction of Enlightenment modernity and his critique of the poststructuralists. This orients the discussion toward an evaluation of Habermas' neo-Kantianism, theory of language (discourse ethics), and the 'critique' he employs in his bid to defend and complete the project of modernity. Part II delineates some common ground between Habermas and the post-structuralists and argues for the value of maintaining a fruitful tension among their critiques of Enlightenment modernity. Points of unproductive tension among their critiques are taken up in light of the above value. These generally pertain to commitment to neo-Kantian approaches to critique, linguistic relativism and philosophical scepticism. The conclusion indicates that there are features of the constructive tension in the postmodernism debates which are integrally related to Marx's work. Indeed, the debates' contemporary perspectives upon and commitment to critical-practical engagement with ideological features of the Enlightenment legacy and capitalism can be revitalized by the contributions of Marx's materialist critique.


Views expressed do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve System. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that promotes expanded social stewardship by businesses and organizations and has gained popularity in recent years. CSR suggests that corporations embrace responsibilities toward a broader group of stakeholders (customers, employees, and the community at large) in addition to their customary financial obligations to shareholders. Social activists often pressure corporations to engage in CSR by integrating some ethical feature in their product or undertaking some type of social investment. Firms are also ranked in terms of their CSR. Although some economists are concerned about the viability of CSR in a competitive environment, recent studies suggest that engaging in CSR can be consistent with profit-maximization behavior. These studies argue that CSR can be considered a form of strategic investment for building and maintaining the firm's reputation. Other benefits derived from CSR may include the ability to charge a premium for products or the ability to recruit and retain certain types of workers. In fact, consumers' shopping patterns suggest that some socially concerned individuals are willing to pay a price premium for goods that incorporate a social or ethical component (e.g., hybrid automobiles or beauty products not tested on animals) because they value these characteristics. Economists Donald Siegel and Donald Vitaliano analyzed the role of CSR as a signaling device to convey information about the firm's product quality.1 Their study of a large sample of publicly traded firms classified the firms using North American Industry Classification System codes into the following five categories: search goods (those whose quality can be readily evaluated before purchase, e.g., clothing, footwear, furniture); nondurable experience goods (those whose quality is experienced over multiple uses and frequent purchases, e.g., food, health and beauty products); durable experience goods (those that must be consumed before their true value can be determined, permit less learning from repeated purchases, and require a longer period for the product's characteristics to be fully known, e.g., automobiles, appliances); and finally, experience services and credence services (those that often involve strong information asymmetries between sellers and buyers, who may find it difficult to assess the service's value even over a long period, e.g., banking, financial counseling, auto repairs, weight loss programs). Siegel and Vitaliano found that firms selling experience and credence goods and services are more likely to engage in CSR than those selling search goods. The difference is explained by consumers' perception of a firm's involvement in CSR (even when its product does not directly include an ethical component) as a valuable signal, particularly when associated with upscale goods and services for which prices do not convey all the necessary information about the firm's reliability and its commitment to quality and honesty. Among the firms listed in the "100 Best Corporate Citizens" ranking for 2007, only onefourth produce search and nondurable experience goods; the remaining 75 percent produce durable experience goods or experience or credence services (see chart).2 These findings suggest that engaging in CSR activities can be a rational and crucial profit-maximization decision regarding a firm's differentiation strategy. —Rubén Hernández-Murillo


An apparatus and method for monitoring the liquid/solid interface position of an alloy ingot being formed by either direct chill or electromagnetically enhanced direct chill casting systems comprising an inductive sensor wire disposed about the mold wall of the casting system, driving the sensor wire to cause a magnetic flux to penetrate into the ingot, and sensing the change in the impedance or components of the impedance of the sys tem. Monitoring the liquid/solid interface position al lows ready adjustment to operating controls, such as, containment/stirring inductors, cooling systems and casting parameters, thereby producing a desirable ingot.


Cao Shizhu's Rhetoric of the Chinese Characters is the first work studying the rhetoric means of the Chinese characters. In this work, Professor Cao makes a systematic study of the rhetoric means of the Chinese characters, expatiates why the Chinese characters can be or cannot be modified with rhetoric means. He also standardizes the rhetoric terms of Chinese characters and the range of their application, and describes the features and functions of the rhetoric means of the Chinese characters, opening a new frontier for Chinese character rhetoric, leaving a strong foundation for the further study of Chinese character rhetoric. Rhetoric of the Chinese Characters is a new contribution to the Chinese rhetoric.


TO THE EDITOR: Enterotoxin-producingClostridium perfringensstrains have been shown to be able to cause long-lasting and profuse diarrhoea, especially in the elderly (1). Most of these cases have been associated with use of antibiotics, but sporadic cases without a history of antibiotic treatment have also been presented (2). Clustering of certain serotypes of C. perfringenshas been found in small outbreaks in geriatric wards, suggesting an infectious spread of the organism (3). Infectious or antibiotic-associated diarrhoea due to C. perfringensin geriatric wards has been a more severe disease than classical food poisoning (1). Diarrhoea is of longer duration, and blood and mucus in the faeces and abdominal pain occur more frequently (1). The diagnosis of the disease has been based on overgrowth of C. perfringensin stool culture and on the isolation of specific toxin from feces (2). We present a 79-year-old woman who was admitted to hospital because of general malaise and bloody diarrhoea. She had received no antibiotics before the onset of symptoms and had no gastrointestinal problems in her medical history. She had no vomiting or fever. Physical examination showed tenderness in the abdominal area. Blood tests revealed that Creactive protein (CRP) was 63 nmol/l; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 36; peripheral blood leukocytes, 10.2 10/l; and haemoglobin, 137. During diarrhoea the haemoglobin decreased to 111 within 1 week. Stool cultures (4) showed overgrowth ofC. perfringens, and cultures for other enteropathogens and the detection of C. difficile type-A toxin (Meridian Diagnostics, USA) were negative. A test for detection ofC. perfringenstoxin was not available in the laboratory where the stool cultures were made. Sigmoidoscopy was performed after appropriate preparation with a full-length CFQ 140 videocolonoscope 7 days after the onset of the symptoms. The first examination showed inflammatory changes of the mucosa in the rectosigmoid area. Discrete aphthous ulcers and patchy distribution of erythema with normal-looking intervening mucosa were seen. Ulcers were 3–5 mm in diameter and were rounded or 'punched out' in appearance and surrounded by a narrow rim of hyperaemia and oedema. Inflammatory mucosal changes extended to the sigmoid/descending junction 35 cm from the anus. Biopsy specimens taken from the rectosigmoid area showed no evidence of any gross histologic changes or chronic inflammation. The patient received metronidazole treatment for 10 days. During the treatment she recovered from the diarrhoea and abdominal pain; CRP decreased to 7, and peripheral blood leucocytes to 4.6 10 /l. Three months later, when she came in for a control, she was feeling well, haemoglobin had increased to 146, and ESR was 19. There were no C. perfringensbacteria or any other intestinal pathogens in her stool cultures, and detection of C. difficile toxin was negative. In the control sigmoidoscopy the mucosa had fully recovered, and all signs of inflammation had disappeared. The ability of C. perfringensto cause food poisoning and necrotizing jejunitis in humans and its role in veterinary medicine are well established. However, there are only a few r ports on the association of this bacterium and other kinds of gastrointestinal infections in humans. One problem in larifying the importance of this bacterium for patients with diarrhoea is the fact that C. perfringensbelongs to the normal flora of the human large bowel. Thus a simple isolation of the organism from faeces does not mean that the bacterium would be the cause of symptoms even though an overgrowth of C. perfringenshas been associated with toxin production and diarrhoea (1). The patient reported herein had received no antibiotic therapy before admission to hospital. We cannot exclude the possibility that she had acquired the disease via food. However, the symptoms and the duration of the disease do ot suit classical food poisoning, in which the diarrhoea is induced by toxin already present in the contaminated food. In food poisoning the patients recover spontaneously when the oxin is excreted, usually within 1 or 2 days (5). Our patient had bloody diarrhoea that lasted for several days and led to anaemia. Sigmoidoscopy showed colitis, and the patient started to recover only after appropriate antibiotic treatment. Her disease resembled intestinal infections caused by Salmonellaor Cambylobacterorganisms more than food poisoning. To our knowledge, there are no published data on colonoscopic findings in patients with diarrhoea associated with C. perfringens. Our patient had ulcers in the mucosa, and inflammatory changes were present in whole rectosigmoid area. No pseudomembranes typical of C. difficile-induced colitis were seen. The source of the C. perfringensstrain was not identified, but earlier reports suggest that an overgrowth of eitherC. difficile or C. perfringensalready existing in the intestine leads to the disease in susceptible hosts (3). Stool cultures for anaerobic bacteria are usually made only when antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is suspected. The present case and the reports of Borriello et al. (2) from the UK suggest that C. perfringensmay cause severe diarrhoea also without previous antimicrobial treatment. In addition to colonoscopy, stool culture for anaerobic bacteria and, preferentially, the detection of C. perfringensenterotoxin should be carried out when reasons for long-lasting or bloody diarrhoea are sought, especially in elderly people.


From 1987 to 1992, the percentage of all farm operators age fifty-five or older rose from 45% to 55% (Census of Agriculture). Policy and tax considerations have important implications for the income of people in this age group who are either already retired or considering retiring soon. Under the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement Reform (FAIR) Act, farm operators and landlords who crop-share farm program acreage can receive program payments. Landlords can potentially capture all these Production Flexibility Contracts (PFC) payments by becoming the operator. Crop production is no longer required in order to receive farm program payments. However, landlords who materially participate or continue to materially participate in the farm operation may see reductions or total elimination of social security benefits and may be liable for self-employment taxes in addition to income taxes. In this study, we examine the effect on income of landlord participation versus nonparticipation in the farming operation.


Recently, establishing and analyzing databases becomes a trend in the field of education research. This study took PISA 2003 database as an example to create a psychometric model of factors that influence mathematics achievement. Based on the literature review, the researcher decided to put influential factors, including intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, mathematics anxiety, self-concept, and mathematics achievement into the model. Afterwards, through cross-validation the present study had verified the model stability. In the aspect of statistic analysis, the descriptive static shows HK students' general learning tendency. Moreover, the exploratory factor analysis confirmed the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Lastly, the structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to set structural model. The valid samples were 4,389 15-year-old students. According to the results, intrinsic motivation and instrumental motivation had no direct effect on mathematics achievement and had indirect effect through mathematics anxiety and self-concept. The results were summarized as follows: 1.Students had more instrumental motivation than intrinsic one. 2.Mathematics anxiety was a mediator variable between motivations and mathematics achievement. 3.Self-concept was a mediator variable between intrinsic motivations and mathematics achievement. 4.Self-concept was a mediator variable between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement. 5.Instrumental motivation was a negative suppressor variable among intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, and mathematics anxiety. 6.Instrumental motivation was a negative suppressor variable among intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, and self-concept. Finally, according to the findings, implications and suggestions for teaching of mathematics and future research were discussed.


The effect of the concentration of crosslinking agent (benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and dichloroben- zoyl peroxide (DClBPO), in the range of 0.5 — 3.0 wt. %) on the crosslinking process of the selected sili- cone pressure-sensitive adhesives (Si-PSA) was investigated. All of the tested silicone adhesives showed excellent peel adhesion and high cohesion. In most cases, an increase in the crosslinking agent concentra- tion resulted in the improved cohesion and reduced peel adhesion of Si-PSA. The specific parameters of the investigated silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives such as cohesion and peel adhesion can be obtai-


Breast-conservative surgery is the standard procedure for breast cancer when tumour resection does not lead to significant cosmetic sequelae. The usual technique to locate non-palpable lesions is the wire-guided localization (WGL) [1]. However, some difficulties may occur if the wire migrates before or during surgery, if the entry of the wire is at distance from the incision, or if the interference with the electrocautery causes thermal burn or even cuts the wire. The placement of the WGL has to be performed the day before or the day of the surgery, causing organizational problems for the patient and the medical team. Moreover, the patient may be intimidated by the metal wire protruding from the skin. In order to reduce these difficulties, a radioactive seed localization (RSL) was developed for the first time in 2001, by Gray et al. [2]. The clip, a 4.5 by 0.8 mm titanium seed containing an I-125 dose of 0.050–0.300 mCi, could be placed up to 5-7 days before surgery and was localized during surgery by a gamma probe. The RSL offered many advantages for the hospital organization and in the operating theatre. As the seed could be placed few days before surgery and not necessarily the day or the day before surgery, the total hospital cost can be reduced by the possibility of ambulatory activity and reducing patient goings and comings. In the operating theatre, the surgeon was no longer constrained as with the wire. The seed allowed the surgeon the possibility to incise skin where he wanted without being bothered by the location or the wire protrusion; the seed localization also seemed more precise than the wire. Moreover, several studies have shown better cosmetic results, no significant difference for negative margin rates and schedule improvement compared to the WGL [3-6]. However the RSL is radioactive; therefore the manipulation of radioactive material requires a specialized structure and organization, from localization to excision, including transport, storage and elimination, increasing costs, and bringing constraints to diffusion of this technique [7-9]. In 2016, the FDA approved SAVI SCOUT radar localization system [8-10], a 12-mm non-radioactive seed detected by an infrared light probe. The device could be placed 30 days before surgery. However the SAVI SCOUT radar localization does not have the CE license and is relatively large compared to other clips (12 vs. 5 mm). Furthermore, the device contains nickel and should not be used if the patient is allergic. Also, detection can be difficult if the lesion is deeper than 6 cm or if there is a hematoma [10-11].


The Rakow Research Library is the world's most comprehensive glass research library. Learn about and access the special collections and archives at the Library by using this guide. Find out how to donate to Special Collections & Archives


Distributed computing has waved the technological era in the year 2013 at a meeting in San Francisco, with sellers giving a lot of items and administrations that outfit IT which manages to convey request to cloud turmoil. Distributed computing pattern is expanding quickly for making the distributed computing well verse. The initial step for the association is to distinguish correct zone where the cloud issues exist. Surprisingly, the role of distributed computing has uplifted the era of business and government issues which lead to challenges towards security. The role of cloud technology improvements lead to display give business – supporting innovations in a proficient manner than any time in recent memory .the move from server to benefit based innovation got an intense change figuring innovation. However these improvements have made novel security challenges, including certain issues whose impact is a rising.[1] This paper displays a diagram and investigation of distributed computing, with a few security dangers, security issues, as of now utilized cloud innovations and security arrangements.


In the present research, the Wind Turbine placement problem for renewable energy utilization is solved using a viral systems optimization algorithm which finds the optimum configuration of wind turbines within a wind farm considering uniform wind-speed, and unidirectional wind. The problem is solved using a single type of turbine and constraining the available space to a flat scenario with a square shape with side of size equal to 50 rotor diameters corresponding to the utilized wind turbines. The impact of the wind wake is also considered in the performance of the wind turbines reducing the production of electricity when the wind passes through a wind turbine of the same wind farm. The objective of the viralbased algorithm is to find the best configuration of wind turbines which minimizes the cost of the electricity produced.


The underlying causes of sharp declines in bank lending during recessions in large developed economies, as exemplified by the U.S. in the early 1990s and Japan in the late 1990s, are still being debated due to the lack of any convincing identification strategy of the supply side capital-lending relationship from lending demand. Using within bank share of real estate lending in the late 1980s as an instrumental variable for bank capital, we find that Japanese banks cut back on their lending in response to a large loss of bank capital in fiscal year 1997. Copyright 2007 The Ohio State University.


The effects on economic growth influenced by population development under variety of fertility levels in the coming 90 years are simulated by utilizing the population-economic dynamic model in this paper.The simulation result is:correspondingly lower fertility will result in rapid labor force reduction,aging population overload and aggravation of labor load,which will slow down economic growth in large scale;while under correspondingly higher birth level circumstance,per capita GDP growth rate will be less than the economic growth on the scheme of middle fertility rate and per capita GDP possess greater discrepancy as well.With reference to the model establishment above,the conclusions are reached as follows:the child-bearing policy shall be improved,which can make the fertility level within the scope from 1.9 to 2.0,only when such fertility level is maintained,can China's economic growth and per capita living standard be advanced.Meanwhile,the economic growth attached to labor force incensement and capital accumulation under lower fertility level will not exist,the primary momentum for future economic growth will be technology innovation and technology progress.


Moulting of a protective exoskeleton is a defining characteristic of Euarthropoda, and its evolution can be explored through analysing moults preserved in the fossil record. Our most complete record comes from the Trilobita, which were uniquely flexible in moulting compared to other arthropod groups. This study presents the first broad-scale quantitative analysis of trilobite moulting. Trends in moulting variability with taxonomy and through the Palaeozoic are explored by looking at the occurrences of six moulting characteristics: opening of the facial and ventral sutures; and disarticulation of the cephalon, cranidium, thorax, and pygidium. Significant differences in moulting across taxonomic and temporal groups were identified using chi-squared analyses, and biases with sampling and diversity identified through correlation analyses. Occurrences of facial and ventral suture opening, and cephalic disarticulation, significantly varied between orders and Epochs. These likely result from the prevalence of ventral suture moulting in Redlichiida and cephalic disarticulation in Phacopida, and their relevant diversity patterns. The data show high levels of intraspecific variability in moulting; ~40% of species showed multiple moulting characteristics. Redlichiida and the early Cambrian are the most intraspecifically variable, with greater variability likely an adaptation to the initial radiation and establishment of trilobites into new niches. The longest-lived group, Proetida, showed the lowest levels of intraspecific variability, which may suggest greater specialism later in the Palaeozoic. Ultimately, datasets such as this advocate the need to study behaviours in the fossil record on a broad-scale, because they help us build a comprehensive picture of extinct groups as living animals. Harriet B. Drage. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 3PS. firstname.lastname@example.com


Image sharing is a secure technique to protect the security of the secret image by dividing an image into different shares. In 2011, Wang et al. proposed an image sharing method with verification which uses two equations to divide the secret image and watermark image into two shares to achieve the goal of image sharing. The above method can be used to verify the validity of the secret image. Besides, the method also removes the disadvantages of pixel expansion and lossy reconstruction. However, meaningless shares are the main disadvantage of the above method, which has improved in this paper. Furthermore, how to accelerate the computation speed of sharing image is also the goal of the paper. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method.


Over the last decade, the profile of central banks has gone up. First, we had the Great Moderation - a period of extraordinary benign macroeconomic environment globally, characterized by steady growth in advanced economies and accelerated growth in emerging economies, and low and stable inflation all around. Central banks took credit for this, believed they had discovered the Holy Grail and declared victory. That sense of triumph was dented by the crisis as central banks came to be blamed for policies and actions that got the world into the crisis. Even so, central banks battled the crisis from the frontlines and regained some of the lost reputation by acting quickly, decisively, and where required in concert, to stabilize the global economy which was hurtling towards collapse. Over the last few months, fears of a double-dip recession have resurfaced, and governments in advanced countries are locked in a policy logjam over the balance between short-term fiscal stimulus and long term fiscal consolidation. This has pushed central banks to the fore once again as monetary stimulus has to bear the burden of being the first, and in some cases, possibly the only line of defence against recession. The crisis has been an intellectual challenge in many ways. It has tested the armory of instruments available to central banks and the limits of their policy force. It has also reopened questions that we thought had been answered and renewed debates that we thought had been settled. The real world problems are too complex to fit template solution of text books. Some of the complexities and dilemmas in real world policy making, from the perspective of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) are explained. [Comments at the Stern School of Business, New York University]. URL:[http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Speeches/PDFs/MPDP26092011.pdf].


This paper presents an investigation of both Danish and international second-semester BA-students' perceptions of the problem of plagiarism. Surprisingly, the investigation proves that the students unanimously perceive plagiarism as directly copying other people's texts or entire works. Some of them even use the term ‹copyand-paste› to illustrate this, suggesting that their perception is closely linked to their use of the internet. This generally one-dimensional perception calls for immediate repair work in the teaching of English academic writing in International Study Programmes at Roskilde University.


EINSTEIN, A[1905]: 'Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper', Atmalen der Phytik, 17, 891-921; references to the reprint in The Principle of Relativity, translated by W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery, pp. 37-65. EINSTEIN, A. [1949]: 'Reply to Criticisms', in P. A. Schilpp (ed.): Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, pp. 665-88. IVES, H. E. [1937]: 'Light Signals on Moving Bodies as Measured by Transported Rods and Clocks', Journal of the Optical Society of America, 37, pp. 263—73. IVES, H. E. [1950]: 'Extrapolation from the Michelson-Morley experiment', Journal of the Optical Society of America, 40, pp. 185-91. MILLER, A. I. [1973]: 'A Study of Henri Poincare's "Sur la dynamique de l'ilectron",' Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 10, nos. 3-5, pp. 207-328. MILLER, A. I. [1974]: 'On Lorentz's Methodology', The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 35, pp. 20-45. MILLER, A. I. [1975]: Essay-Book Review of Adolf Grilnbaum's, Philosophical Problems of Space and Time, Isis, 66, pp. 590—4. PODLAHA, M. F. [1976]: 'Some New Aspects of Relativity: Comments on Zahar's Paper', The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 27, pp. 261-7. ROBERTSON, H. P. [1949]: 'Postulate versus Observation in the Special Theory of Relativity', Reviews of Modern Physics, 21, pp. 378-82. SCHAFFNER, K. F. [1974]: 'Einstein Versus Lorentz: Research Programmes and the Logic of Comparative Theory Evaluation', The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 25, pp. 45-78. SILBERSTEIN, L. [1914]: The Theory of Relativity. ZAHAR, E. G. [1973]: 'Why did Einstein's Programme Supersede Lorentz's? (I)', The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 24, pp. 95-123.


Summary form only given. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been used to study the implantation damage created by the dopants and their diffusion during subsequent annealing. TEM observations were performed after implantation of phosphorus in SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) structures as well as in bulk silicon. The observations showed that the SIMOX structures are, in general, more sensitive to implantation than bulk silicon, revealing a deeper amorphization after implantation and a rougher surface after annealing. SIMS measurements of the dopant concentration in the SIMOX structures showed an enhanced diffusivity of the impurities as well as a peak of concentration near the surface that is about 150 AA for arsenic and 250 AA for boron. The results indicate that: (1) the trapping of the impurities is due to dopant-contaminant immobile complexes rather than to segregation at the surface: and (2) the locally enhanced diffusion of the dopants, mainly arsenic, corresponds to the region amorphized by the implantation.<<ETX>>


1. Drying machine (1) for laundry with rotating drum, comprising a rotatable drum (3) for accommodating laundry to be dried, a heater (6) that provides circulation of hot air through a rotating drum (3) and a lower supporting base or plinth (9) resting on the ground and accommodating, at least part of the heater (6), said heater (6) comprises: a conduit (12) of the air recirculation, each of the ends of which communicates with the rotary drum (3); means (13) for air circulation, which is arranged along the pipeline (12) of the air recirculation and configured to create a conduit (12) recirculating airflow of air (f), passing through the rotating drum (3) and flowing around arranged in the drum (3) underwear; at least one heat exchanger (15) mounted along the pipe (12) for cooling recirculation air of humid air coming from the rotary drum (3) to condense the surplus moisture in the airflow (f); and a filtering device (18) assembly mounted on the pipeline (12) the recirculation upstream of the at least one heat exchanger (15), said conduit (12) the recirculation comprises a segment (12c) extending transversely of the lower supporting base or socle (9) and accommodating at least one heat exchanger (15), heater (6), characterized in that the heater (6) further comprises a rigid protective grating device (19), a non-removable manner mounted in the segment (12c) of the pipeline (12), recirculation downstream y after filtering device (18) assembly and upstream of the at least one lukewarm


Knowledge extraction using semantic relations is crucial for accurate and valid knowledge management in biomedicine. The Semantic MEDLINE Database (SemMedDB) contains semantic predications extracted with the SemRep semantic interpreter. Predications are structured as subject-predicate-object triples and can be represented as a directed network. Arguments correspond to UMLS Metathesaurus concepts, while predicates correspond to relations in the UMLS Semantic Network (e.g., SemRep extracts the predication Ethionine-CAUSES-Lesion from the sentence Ethionine can trigger lesions.). SemMedDB has predications from all of MEDLINE and is available as a MySQL database. MySQL is generally efficient, but modeling networks using a relational database causes a large number of many-to-many relations. Complex join queries are then needed to retrieve such data. In this poster we present the Neo4j graph database as an alternative for storing, retrieving, and mining SemMedDB.


In recent years, we have registered for the professional and lay public several published scientific and popularization papers on the use of virtual reality in cultural institutions, especially from abroad. The applicability of the components of virtual reality at present is not only dependent on the technical or economic nature, but also on the degree of mutual teamwork forming the basic framework of the project. The presented study consists of a theoretical nature in the context of the analysis of museum virtualization with an impact on positive and negative use in practice. The purpose of the practical section is direct examples of use in practice with a connection to the educational environment.


We study the Fulde–Ferrel–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superconducting state in disordered systems. We analyze the microscopic model, in which the d-wave superconductivity is stabilized near the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point, and investigate two kinds of disorder, namely, box disorder and point disorder, on the basis of the Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) equation. The spatial structure of the modulated superconducting order parameter and the magnetic properties in the disordered FFLO state are investigated. We point out the possibility of the 'FFLO glass' state in the presence of strong point disorders, which arises from the configurational degree of freedom of the FFLO nodal plane. The distribution function of the local spin susceptibility is calculated and its relationship with the FFLO nodal plane is clarified. We discuss the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements for CeCoIn5.


The basis for reliable geological documentation is absolute objectivity. The encountered geological conditions should be documented to the latest technical and scientific standards without any ulterior motive. This is so important because geological documentation is often the basis for essential decisions or assessments. The significance of geological documentation is sometimes underestimated. Without reliable documentation, facts are irretrievably lost. Sometimes geological documentation is biased, and principally serves for the justification of claims or serves to negate deviations from the conditions predicted in the tender documents. This sort of documentation is wrong and can also damage reputations.


The operating overvoltage of HVDC (high voltage direct current) system is closely related to control and protection characteristics. At present, the overvoltage and insulation coordination of the modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) system is based on the simplified control strategy recommended by the simulation software PSCAD. There are some differences between the protection action sequence of simplified control strategy and that in reality, which will have a greater impact on the simulation results of overvoltage and arrester configuration. The article considers MMC-HVDC control protection and action characteristics of arrester to study the influence of MMC-HVDC control protection characteristics on the insulation coordination. Based on actual control and protection strategy of symmetrical unipolar MMC-HVDC system, the influence of different time delays of actual control and protection on the operating characteristics of arresters under three decisive overvoltage conditions, the single-phase grounding fault on secondary side of transformer, the valve bottom grounding fault of bridge arm reactor and HVDC unipolar grounding fault are studied by simulation. The study found that the insulation coordination parameter has a large margin and is not economical under simplified control strategy. Therefore, the refusal, misoperation and coordination of the control protection should be simulated in detail to ensure that insulation coordination parameter setting margin is reasonable.


Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a motor disability disorder that most commonly occurs in children so that sufferers are unable to perform functional activities independently and need special service. Aquatic therapy and neuro developmental are interventions of physical therapy to help improve the motor functional development ability. The purpose of research is to find out the difference between aquatic therapy and neuro developmental treatment on the motor functional development ability of children with cerebral palsy. The type of research is quasi-experimental research with a pretest and posttest design. The subject of the research is the cerebral palsy community in Yogyakarta, namely Wahana Keluarga Cerebral Palsy (WKCP). The mann-whitney test use to test the hypothesis statistically.The results are difference in influence from aquatic therapy and neuro developmental treatment on the motor functional development ability of children with cerebral palsy, especially in the dimension of sitting, crawling and kneeling, standing, walking, running and jumping, and not for dimension of supine and prone. The conclusion is aquatic exercise is more influential on the motor functional development ability of children with cerebral palsy compared to neuro developmental treatment.


Abstract Piezoelectric semiconductors (PSs) are the most promising building blocks for multifunctional electronic devices due to the polarization field resulting from piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity. In this article, we investigate the electromechanical coupling behaviors of a hollow PS composite (HPSC) cylinder under a uniform temperate change. The HPSC cylinder is consist of an outer thin PS layer and an inner elastic layer. Taking the interactions of thermoelasticity, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectricity into account, we develop one-dimensional equations for the HPSC cylinder with axisymmetric deformation, and present analytical solutions of the physical fields in the HPSC cylinder with perfect and imperfect interfaces for different boundary conditions. For the static equilibrium equation of the PS layer, the approximate relationship between the electric field and the average electric field is employed. The effects of geometrical parameters and imperfect interface, as well as the tuning effect of thermal loadings, on the multifield coupling responses and piezotronic effects of the HPSC cylinder are discussed in detail. The numerical results show that the physical fields are sensitive to the thermal loading, and the geometrical parameters, boundary conditions, and the interface bonding condition play an important role in the design of PS devices.


The beam splitting requirements of the Tevatron extraction system necessitated the design of two different high field (11 kG and 15 kG) magnetic septa. We present details of the magnet design with emphasis of the construction techniques used to achieve good vacuum behaviour and septum straightness while maintaining magnetic field quality.


We read the article "Vonoprazan on the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection" with interest.1 The authors investigated the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and concluded that both vonoprazan triple therapy and vonoprazan quadruple therapy regimens could increase the eradication rate of H. pylori. We found these findings important and would like to thank the authors for their contribution, yet we would also like to draw the readers' attention to some methodological issues. First, the treatment regimens included furozalidone in the study. The authors pointed out the problem of resistance of H. pylori in Western literature. However, furozalidone is not a commonly used drug in Europe and Turkey in the first line. Furthermore, furozalidone is a drug of diminishing interest in Maastricht VI/ Florence consensus report.2 Also, other bismuth-containing or concomitant therapies have good eradication rates for H. pylori. Why did the authors choose furozalidone as first-line treatment? Could it be that it was cheaper and easily available in China? Second, it was not emphasized in the paper whether the treatments were given as first line or after treatment. It seems likely that it was used in the treatment of naive patients, but it would be better if that was highlighted. Third, esomeprazole was used with a dose of 2 × 20 mg in the traditional quadruple therapy group in the present study. In the literature, it is more common to use esomeprazole with a dose of 2 × 40 mg or 4 × 20 mg for the eradication of H. pylori.3,4 Fourth, 14C urea breath test was used for the diagnosis of H. pylori. Would it be better to make a baseline upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy to see if there was peptic ulcer or another complication of H. pylori? If such data existed, the contribution of the study to clinical practice would have been strengthened.


In this paper, we propose a method of identifying the talker based on modeling the voice for reading free sentences by AR(auto regressive) models. By remarking the similarity of the AR models and the no loss sound-tube models for vocal tracts, we assume the features of the talker voice are the higher reflection coefficients of AR models. In the simulation, there are 6 talkers' voice as speech examples from "Japanese speech sound database of ATR." As a result, we get that average recognition rate is 90.67 %.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of children's temperament and emotional competence on affective and controlling...


AbstractFundamental investigations of the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions by synthesized orthophosphoric acid-doped pyrazole-g-poly glycidyl methacrylate (OPA-Py-g-PGMA) and poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) particles of average size 71 and 40 μm, respectively, conducted under batch conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium results obtained for MB sorption with different initial MB concentrations onto synthesized OPA-Py-g-PGMA, and PGMA were analyzed. Kinetic modeling analysis with three different types of kinetic sorption models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, simple Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion rate models) was applied to simulate the MB sorption data. The analysis of the kinetic data indicated that the sorption was a second-order process. An ion-exchange mechanism may have existed in the MB-sorption process with the synthesized OPA-Py-g-PGMA. The MB uptake by OPA-Py-g-PGMA and PGMA quantitatively evaluated with equilibrium sorption isotherms. To describe the isot...


A core–shell-type spinel LiMn2O4/carbon composite was synthesized by a simple and cost-effective mechanofusion method (dry particle coating) with a highly uniform coating.


Mining frequent subtrees from tree databases is currently a very active research topic. This research has many interests, including for instance mediator schema building from XML schemas. In this framework, many works have been proposed. However, the way the data are represented is often very memory-consuming. In this paper, we propose a new method to represent such data. We show that this representation has many properties , which can be used in order to enhance sub-tree mining algorithms. Experiments are led to assess our proposition (data representation and its associated algorithms).


The Bureau of Mines has developed the shearer-clearer dust control system for longwall shearers. The system partitions the airflow around the shearer into a clean split and a contaminated split. The dust cloud is confined to the vicinity of the coal face, while the shearer operators remain in the clean split on the gob side of the machine. The shearer-clearer operates on the principle that each water spray moves air like a small fan and can be positioned to direct the dustry air toward the face. The hardware is inexpensive and can be installed in a single shift. It consists of several strategically mounted water sprays and one or more passive barriers. Laboratory testing indicates reductions in shearer operator dust exposure as high as 97%. Preliminary results indicate that considerable dust reductions at the shearer may also be obtained. In conjunction with the development of the shearer-clearer, dust surveys were conducted in three other mines to determine if some shearer spray systems currently in use partition the flow in a manner similar to the shearer-clearer, and if so, whether this partially accounts for markedly cleaner conditions on some longwalls. Results indicate this to be the case: a feature of themore » cleaner longwalls was a downwind orientation of their water sprays, which is a key element of the shearer-clearer system. The shearer-clearer system described was designed for an Eickhoff EDW 300 shearer working a 7-foot coal seam. Testing to date has concentrated on cutting directions counter to the primary airflow. It is expected that different systems will be required to accommodate the range of conditions occurring underground. Application to conditions different than those described is not likely to produce the same results.« less


Scientia Chromatographica 2016; 8(4) 231 Abstract The miniaturization of liquid chromatography and the development of fused silica capillary packed columns have enable a fast and homogeneous heat transmission through the analytical column. Thus, the use of temperature programming instead of gradient of mobile phase becomes an alternative to decrease the analysis time. This manuscript reports on the applicability of an analytical method for the separation of five steroids by temperature programming capillary liquid chromatography. The influence of the temperature on analytes retention time was investigated and discussed. The steroids were separated by a lab-made capillary column (RP-18) under isocratic elution. The temperature programming allowed to reduce twice the analysis time and diminished the band broadening of the most retained compound in comparison with isothermal analysis.


When shore-collecting for marine algæ at Plymouth in early April, an organism which has now been identified as a calcareous lichen was brought to my notice by Dr. Orton. It occurred in large patches on the rocks both above and below high-water mark in the neighbourhood of the Marine Biological Station, and was also very frequent on the limpets and barnacles in the vicinity. When examined with a lens, the thallus of the lichen was observed to be thickly dotted either with perithecia or with well-marked pits which had apparently been previously occupied with fruits. The lichen was found to be identical with the species collected in Robin Hood Bay, Yorkshire, by E. M. Holmes, in 1901, and described by A. Lorrain Smith as Arthopyrenia foveolata. Arthopyrenia differs from Verrucaria in the fact that the associated alga is Trentepohlia, and the above species is easily distinguished by the pits which occur on the thallus. The same species has been recorded by M. C. Knowles from various places round the coast of Ireland, including the western shore of Blacksod Bay. It occurred on limestone rocks at about high neap-tide level, and also on live and dead barnacles where it was almost always associated with colonies of Rivularia atra. At Plymouth, the frequent occurrence of the lichen on limpet shells is a conspicuous feature in the distribution.


This article presents one of the many uses of blockchain technology in the power grid, especially for improving energy efficiency and power quality. As a key element, it will show you how to use the blockchain technology to store in a decentralized way the data collected by existing intelligent sensors or which can be mounted in the power system. The purpose of this article is to present the point of view of the need to improve the energy system generated by the many problems arising from its age and its incompatibility with new production and consumption technologies.Blockchain implementation will be low and medium voltage, where the most affected are final consumers (whether household or industrial) that have started to have new energy-efficient technologies but have an unpredictable consumption that cannot be anticipated, thus increasing network losses.The article also contains data on energy efficiency in a decentralized energy system through the use of new IT technologies and, in particular, by involving consumers who will have a double role as part of the blockchain.


Final paper delves into home security system installation, security system is separated into surveillance, alarm and access control subsystems for clarity. Research phase analyses types of devices responsible for various security system functions and the technologies used in those devices. During project stage, a working security system model is designed by defining equipment's technical requirements and planning out equipment placement and installation. Further phase establishes total time needed to install the security system, provides a full list of equipment used in the project and calculates equipment and labour cost estimates. Finally, security system is installed, devices are configured and tested, system's functionality is further examined. Result of this final paper – working home security system able to provide real-time security.


The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of a tutoring and warning system on young and older drivers. The system was developed in the framework of the DETER project funded by the European Union. Subjects drove in an advanced driving simulator. This driving simulator consists of a real car, dynamically interfaced to a virtual visual environment. A powerful graphical workstation generated the traffic scenes that were projected on a large panoramic screen. Eighteen relatively young (mean age 37) and nine older (mean age 66 years) drivers participated in the study. Four different traffic law violations triggered auditory or visual warnings in the experiment. Measures of performance, mental effort, and acceptance were recorded. The warnings were effective, less violations were made in the tutoring conditions. The presence of the intelligent tutoring system led to a slight increase in mental effort, as indicated by psycho-physiological and subjective measures. No difference in mental effort costs was found between tutoring modalities or between the two age groups. However, there was a differences in acceptance. Elderly were much more positive about the system than younger drivers. They used it as a driver support system, alerting them to traffic signs they had 'missed'. Moreover, with the elderly the favourable effects persisted when the system was switched off. There was no evidence of any overload in the older drivers. After some experience the elderly had a positive opinion of the new technology. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 895590.


The two-month-old Wister rats were randomly divided into nornal contrast group(C) and diabetic group(DM).DM group rats were given injected 50mg/kg Alloxan twice by the tail vein in order to establish diabetic model.After modeling,the DM group rats were divided into a quiet DM group(DQ),a low-intensity exercise DM group(DSL),a medium-intensity exercise DM group(DSM) and a high-ntensity exercise DM group(DSH).According scheduled intensity,DSL group,DSM group and DSH group should exercise training 6 weeks on the treadmill.After 6 weeks training,it was found that FBG,TG,TC,DLD-C of three exercise group rats were lower than DQ group,but HDL-C and Ins were highter than DQ group.If we comparing between the three exercise group,it will find that the DSM group's FBG is the lowest,but the body weight and insulin is the highest.With the improvement of lipid's metabolism,DSL group is the lowest on TC;DSM group is the lowest on TG and DLD-C;DSH group is the highest on HDL-C.It shows that the medium-intensity treadmill's exercise(27m/min) is the most obvious to reduce the DM rat's glocose,TG,TC,DLD-C and raise HDL-C and insulin.It will superior to the low-intensity exercise and the high-ntensity exercise.


As an effective dimensionality reduction technique, feature selection is widely used in the preprocessing procedure in data mining. It is highly advocated by its superiority in mitigating the effect of noisy data and simplifying the analysis of high-dimensional data. In this paper, a novel unsupervised feature selection procedure based on a clustering algorithm is proposed to evaluate the goodness of features and select a set of useful features without losing the characteristics of the data. It consists of two steps: clustering and feature evaluation. In the clustering procedure, a novel clustering algorithm based on the fitness proportionate sharing is adopted to separate data into distinct clusters without any prior knowledge about data, which is more applicable to the analysis of unknown datasets. On the other hand, the feature evaluation procedure will use the information extracted from the clustering procedure to evaluate the usefulness of each feature and select good features. The proposed method is simulated with four other famous existing feature selection algorithms and a comparison is provided in this paper. Simulation results on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that the proposed procedure of feature selection can effectively evaluate the significance of features and obtain a better subset of features than other four existing algorithms.


Abstract This study compares data from the two Society of Automotive Engineers test methods for rolling resistance: J-2452 (Stepwise Coast-Down) and J-1269 (Equilibrium) steady state. The ability of the two methods to evaluate tires was examined by collecting data for 12 tires. The data were analyzed and the data showed that the two methods ranked the tires the same after the data were regressed and the rolling resistance magnitude was calculated at the Standard Reference Condition. In addition, analysis of the two methods using this matched set of testing provided an opportunity to evaluate each of these test standards against the other. It was observed that each test has merits absent from the other.


Several experiments were performed to evaluate oils and surfactants for control of turnip aphid, Rhopalosiphum pseudo-brassicae (Davis) and cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) during the 1962-63 season. Oils evaluated included fractions of conventional naphthenic and paraffinic oils and alkylate isoparaffinic oils and special paraffinic oils. The paraffinic oils were superior to all other oil fractions for control of both aphid species. The surfactants and oils, at the rates evaluated were, in general, equal in effectiveness. A combination of surfactants and oils with insecticides increases initial and residual control of turnip aphids and cabbage aphids.


This article presents a modelling method of the signal delays induced by microelectronic interconnections regarding RL impedance load. The method proposed is based on the RLC model of the transmission lines (TL) extracted from the equivalent S parameters. Formulation for estimating the interconnection propagation delay is established according to the behaviour of the TL unit step responses. The second order model is validated with a microstrip interconnect prototype with simulations and measurements in frequency and time domains. The developed propagation delay model was validated with SPICE computations. For that, a transient simulation was performed by considering input signals corresponding to high‐speed data of some Gbits/s. Then, accurate results were found for interconnections with different lengths in order of millimetre and also by varying the load values. It was shown that the computed 50% propagation delays present of relative errors about 5%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Sir: We read with interest and some concern the recent review by Pfeifer et al. in which the authors raise serious doubts as to the speci®city (and hence clinical utility) of certain widely documented and well characterized genetic aberrations in various types of soft tissue sarcoma. While we agree, at the present time, that conventional morphological assessment, supplemented by ancillary techniques where appropriate, remains the standard diagnostic approach for soft tissue tumours, nevertheless the views expressed by Pfeifer et al. are seriously unbalanced, misleading, and may well cause signi®cant confusion to the casual reader. It seems probable that the major impetus driving the views of Pfeifer et al. was their recent experience in identifying SYT-SSX fusion transcripts (indicative of a t(X;18)) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a variety of tumour types other than synovial sarcoma, including most notably 15 of 20 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST). The latter tumour type represents the most frequent differential diagnosis of synovial sarcoma but has quite different prognostic and therapeutic implications. The authors seem unconcerned that their results ̄y directly in the face of the results obtained in other comparable studies or by other techniques, often performed in laboratories with considerably more experience in the molecular genetic and cytogenetic analysis of soft tissue tumours. In addition, the authors provided no validation of their results by other techniques such as conventional cytogenetic analysis or ̄uorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). In fact, to our knowledge, the distinctive (X;18) translocation of synovial sarcoma has never been convincingly described in any other tumour type and the two such cases published in the peer-reviewed literature have long since been admitted to be misdiagnoses by the authors concerned. Our reasons to respond to the review article are twofold: ®rst, to draw attention to a major methodological weakness, which runs the risk of becoming a widespread phenomenon if adopted uncritically; and second, to correct what we regard as a biased and needlessly damaging perspective. There is no wonder that Pfeifer et al. have concerns about speci®city of molecular genetic testing, given the results obtained in their own laboratoryÐyet a very similar, albeit somewhat larger study from the French Sarcoma Group published almost contemporaneously obtained absolutely opposite results and clearly con®rmed the speci®city of SYT-SSX fusion for synovial sarcoma. Why the difference? The difference almost certainly re ̄ects the increased contamination risks associated with RT-PCR on formalin-®xed paraf®nembedded material. RNA isolated from the latter is well recognized to be substantially degraded and is generally only recovered in small amounts. Therefore, RT-PCR on paraf®n materials often requires greater PCR ampli®cation (i.e. more cycles or a nested approach) to obtain a meaningful signal and the targets are by necessity very short (usually < 150 bp). These two aspects of such protocols account for the increased risk of false-positive results due to carry-over contamination. Many of us working in centres handling large numbers of sarcomas are reluctant to accept paraf®nsection RT-PCR data unless the experiments have been run under stringent conditions and with appropriate controls (including repeat assays in the presence and absence of reverse transcriptase) in a clinical molecular diagnostic laboratory accustomed to running such tests on a routine basis. In fact, because of such concerns, we consider FISH analysis to document the better known translocations in paraf®n-embedded tissue as an important con®rmatory or alternative ®rst line method of translocation analysis in this setting. In this regard it is worth noting that the three cases supposedly illustrating the shortcomings of molecular analysis in Pfeifer et al.'s review were all analysed by RT-PCR aloneÐpresumably performed in the same laboratory that detected SYT-SSX fusion products in MPNSTs and neuro®bromas among others. It is true that RT-PCR used uncritically in this fashion, without independent substantiation of unexpected results, may well lead to diagnostic and hence clinical confusion. In this sense alone, RT-PCR may be compared with a false-positive immunohistochemical result, but to draw comparisons otherwise, in terms of speci®city, between the detection of a normal protein and the detection of a pathogenic translocation is spurious and unjusti®edÐakin to comparing apples and brown bears! The second and equally important point we wish to make, as Pfeifer et al. admit, is that cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis has had a huge impact, not only on understanding oncogenetic mechanisms, but also on the diagnosis and management of patients with soft tissue tumours. To name just a few examples, such analysis helped validate beyond doubt the existence


Introduction The Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto is a landmark in the genre's evolution. Initially deemed too difficult to play and too transgressive of musical norms, the concerto received vitriolic reviews. The concerto was distinctly Russian, and some criticisms of the concerto are actually criticisms of Russian nationalism, especially the finale's repetitive Russian folk melodies. Between the concerto's genesis and its acceptance as a classic , it was altered to produce the several versions performed today. The edits made by Leopold Auer, a contemporary of Tchaikovsky, are the best known, but no version is universally accepted as definitive. This paper considers how and why Auer edited the concerto to make it less distinctly Russian and how Auer's less Russian, more Western version gained prominence over Tchaikovsky's original. With the goal of an informed, cohesive performance, this paper also explores what performers today should consider in deciding to play Tchaikovsky's original, Auer's edited version, or a combination.


Low-intensity, amplitude-modulated electromagnetic field is theoretically considered a factor influencing enzyme reactions. Certain modulation frequencies and amplitudes ("window" effects) may be able to induce synchronous conformational oscillations in different reacting enzyme molecules of the same type, which are modeled as relaxation oscillators. The resulting oscillations at sound frequencies may be able to yield substantial physiological effects.


The data on strain-induced softening of glassy and crystalline polymers accompanied by development of the capability of high reversible strains in the samples are analyzed. It is shown that in the first strain cycle, the test sample demonstrates properties typical of glassy or crystalline state, whereas repeated stretching induces transition into a rubber-like high-elasticity state in which the polymer is capable of high reversible strains. It is noted that this transition represents a physical basis of strain-induced softening of glassy and crystalline polymers. The bibliography includes 114 references.


With renewed interest in nuclear power to meet the world's future energy demand, the Generation IV nuclear reactors are the next step in the deployment of nuclear power generation. However, for the potentials of these nuclear reactor designs to be fully realized, its suitability, when coupled with different configurations of closed-cycle gas turbine power conversion systems, have to be explored and performance compared for various possible working fluids over a range of operating pressures and temperatures. The purpose of this paper is to carry out performance analysis at the design and off-design conditions for a Generation IV nuclear-powered reactor in combination with a recuperated closed-cycle gas turbine and comparing the influence of carbon dioxide and nitrogen as working fluid in the cycle. This analysis is demonstrated in GTACYSS; a performance and preliminary design code developed by the authors for closed-cycle gas turbine simulations. The results obtained shows that the choice of working fluid controls the range of cycle operating pressures, temperatures and overall performance of the power plant due to the thermodynamic and heat properties of the fluids. The performance results favored the nitrogen working fluid over CO2 due to the behavior CO2 below its critical conditions.


We present simple models of N=4 supersymmetric mechanics with ordinary and mirror linear (4,4,0) multiplets that give a transparent description of HKT, CKT, and OKT geometries. These models are treated in the N=4 and N=2 superfield approaches, as well as in the component approach. Our study makes manifest that the CKT and OKT supersymmetric sigma models are distinguished from the more simple HKT models by the presence of extra holomorphic torsions in the supercharges.


ABSTRACT Ultraviolet (UV) treatment has been demonstrated to be an effective way to removing the poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) residual during the process of the wet-etching transfer of graphene. The UV/Ozone irradiation with appropriate time can effectively remove the PMMA residual, resulting in a performance improvement of graphene, including the surface morphology, carrier concentration, and sheet resistance. The work function of graphene could be tuned according to treatment time without loss to the transmittance of graphene. Furthermore, we have fabricated graphene-based OPVs with a power conversion efficiency of 3.33%, which increased by 18.7% compared to the OPV without graphene modification.


The present invention relates to a rubber-based adhesive composition and a rubber-based adhesive using the same, the composition comprising: a rubber-based resin; and a rosin-based resin having at least one hydrophilic group.


The effects of pectin on obesity was studied using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and rats fed 20% high fat diets. The concentration of leptin released from 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence of pectin was significantly decreased by 85% compared to that of the control (p


Results of comparative experiment of growth of five hybrid F_1 tilapias ni′aoⅠ、ni′aoⅡ、ni′aoⅢ、ni′aoⅣ(different strains O.niloticus♀×O.aureus♂)and mo′he(O.mossambicus♀×O.hornorum♂)were:①The absolute growth rate(g/d)was mo′heni′aoⅡni′aoⅢni′aoⅠni′aoⅣ,(P0.01);②The male rate(%)was moheni′aoⅢni′aoⅠni′aoⅡni′aoⅣ,(P0.05);The survival rate had no difference among them(P0.05).③The fat factor(K)was mo′heni′aoⅠni′aoⅢni′aoⅡni′aoⅣ,(P0.01).In a word,the growth-performance of mo′he was better than others,which was worthy of popularizing.


This study describes the optimal design of 3 phase epoxy spacer to improve the electrical and mechanical performance of high voltage Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS). Epoxy spacer is one of the significant components in GIS, functioning as supporting conductor, compartmentalizing GIS into separated units and insulating between conductor and enclosure of GIS. With the need of compact-sized GIS and higher gas pressure in GIS, electrical safety as well as mechanical reliability of epoxy spacer should be taken into account. Especially in case of 3 phase spacer, it is more complicated to obtain robust design because both phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth insulation should be considered. In this paper, three-dimensional finite element analysis is applied to calculate electric field and mechanical stress. A ($\mu + \lambda $) Evolution Strategy (ES) is employed as optimization method. Design variables of epoxy spacer are selected for minimizing the maximum electric field strength and maximum mechanical stress on the spacer. Finally, optimal solutions for spacer is obtained and compared with the results of the prototypes.