This paper presents the partial replacement of cement by egg shell powder. In present world, increased accumulation of carbon dioxide content in atmosphere is creating environmental pollution and global warming. In every tons of cement manufacturing produces equal amount of carbon dioxide. In order to reduce the impact of carbon dioxide emission and to protect the environment, cement is been replaced by egg shell powder. This study represents the influence in properties of concrete when cement is replaced by 5%, 10% and 15% of egg shell powder . Properties are experimentally investigated based on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. Compressive ,tensile and flexural strength up to 7 days of age were compared with conventional concrete; from the results obtained, it is found that egg shell powder can be used as cement replacement material. Keywords—Compressive strength;split tensile strengt;,flexural strength; egg shell powder


The goal of the project is the development of a multimodal interface for content-based search of 3D objects based on sketches. This user interface will integrate graphical, gesture and speech modalities to aid the user in sketching the outline of the 3D object he/she wants to search from a large database. Finally, the system will be integrated in a virtual assembly application, where the user will be able to assemble a machine from its spare parts using only speech and specific gestures.


This guide, developed by a project to revise the minimum core competencies for the Fundamentals of Marketing course in secondary marketing education in Missouri, contains four sections. The first section explains competency-based marketing education, including its mission, nature, curriculum, and trle fundamentals of competency-based instruction. The second section lists the expected studert learning outcomes in Fundamentals of Marketing based on the core curriculum for marketing education. Competencies are listed in the areas of communications, economic concepts, employment and advancement, human relations, operations, planning, advertising and sales promotion, selling, and marketing concepts. The third section is a suggested curriculum model for Fundamentals of Marketing; the final section cross-references fundamentals of marketing student competencies to selected resources and tasks. A four-item suggested resource list is included. (KC) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * * FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKETING MarkeOng Education Teacher's Resource Guide


Differentiating between acute-recurrent and chronic-residual deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is difficult in patients with a history of DVT, especially in those with chronic pain and leg swelling. Laboratory evaluation that includes d-dimer testing and compression ultrasound might distinguish new thrombi from residual old DVT, but if these studies are not definitive, additional approaches such …


A polarization diversity circuit with a footprint of 21μm2 based on a hybrid silicon plasmonic polarization splitter and rotator is reported. The device features insertion losses below 6.1dB and extinction ratios above 21dB.


Godel logic is the fuzzy logic of the minimum triangular norm and its residuum. Using the functional representation of the Lindenbaum algebra of Godel logic, we analyze the interaction between the integral operator and the logical connectives. On these grounds, we put forth a notion of finitely additive probability measure for Godel logic. Our first main result shows that such measures precisely correspond to integrating the truth value functions induced by Godel formulas with respect to a Borel probability measure on the real unit cube [0,1]n. Our second main result shows that they also coincide with convex combinations of finitely many [0,1]-valued assignments.


The health service is currently undergoing a period of rapid expansion, placing challenging new demands on treatment, communication and architecture. This is particularly relevant in light of the increase in ambulatory care, which demands a lot from patient-staff communication. One approach to this challenge is to work deliberately with the design of the physical environment; increasing the quality of treatment, positively changing the experiences of the patients, and thereby improving the bottom line.


This article describes design for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based decision support system. The system supports beneficiaries to select suitable stream (Science, Arts, and Commerce) after 10th standard. It is very important decision in everybody's life, when we decide our stream. An example set of 9 input parameters and 3 outputs are illustrated in this paper. As the ordinary fuzzy set does not capture uncertainty particularly dealing with vagueness and ambiguity in complex system, type-2 fuzzy sets are used. The discussion includes introduction to ANN and type-2 fuzzy set along with application.


The present study was conducted to study language teachers' practical knowledge about the teaching of reading comprehension to engineering major students. The participants were 36 master and doctoral holders teaching ESP courses chosen from Payame Noor Universities of Kermanshah, Islamic Azad Universities of Kermanshah and Razi University of Kermanshah. A questionnaire was administrated to the participants. The first part of this study tried to search for any shared category(s) among  the categories of practical knowledge and isolated the unshared category(s).The second part examined the overall unshared category(s) in order to see whether there is a significant difference among them or not. The study didn't detect any shared category but there was a significant difference in the categories.


− A biliant stent was fabricated using a magnesium alloy wire, a biodegradable metal. In order to control the fast decomposition and corrosion of magnesium alloys in vivo , magnesium alloy wires were coated with biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA), and poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). In the case of PPC, which is a surface erosion polymer, there is no crack or peeling compared to other polymers (PCL, PLLA, and PLGA) that exhibit bulk erosion behavior. Also, the effect of biodegradable polymer coating on the axial force, which is the mechanical property of magnesium alloy stents, was investigated. Stents coated with most biodegradable polymers (PCL, PLLA, PLGA) increased axial forces compared to the uncoated stent, reducing the flexibility of the stent. However, the stent coated with PPC showed the axial force similar to uncoated stent, which did not reduce the flexibility. From the above results, PPC is considered to be the most efficient biodegradable polymer.


A method and an apparatus for transmitting forward/reverse ACK/NACK in a mobile communication system are provided to transmit data through a plurality of layers, and to effectively transmit ACK/NACK through each layer to support a hybrid automatic repeat request in a forward of a mobile communication system. A method for transmitting forward/reverse ACK/NACK(801) in a mobile communication system includes a step of determining whether an ACK/NACK transmission corresponding to a first layer is performed, or an ACK/NACK transmission corresponding to a higher layer than the first layer is performed. If the ACK/NACK transmission corresponding to the first layer is performed, the ACK/NACK is transmitted by using one part discrete Fourier transform input index of an N-point discrete Fourier transform or one part code of a useful orthogonal code. If the ACK/NACK transmission corresponding to a higher layer than the first layer is performed, the ACK/NACK is transmitted by using whole part discrete Fourier transform input index of an N-point discrete Fourier transform or whole part code of a useful orthogonal code.


Missfile can inhibit medical services provided to patients without information about history. From the initial survey, it found 90 missile incidents (4.7%) from 2000 medical record documents, the second survey found 578 incidents from 7000 medical record documents with 9.0% missfile. This study aims to identify the medical records management in the outpatient filing section of The Private Hospital, Semarang Regency in 2019. This research is a mix methode study. Data collection by observation and interview methods with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were 3 filing officers. The research objects to the management of medical record documents in the outpatient filing section. The research instrument used in this research were interview and observation guidelines.The number of polyclinics at The Private Hospital in Semarang Regency is 20 polyclinics. There should be a submission terminal so staff will not be tired. The hospital management facilities were adequate but have not been properly utilized by the officers, the officers should use these facilities to facilitate document tracking. The Hospital should make a policy regarding the management of medical record documents and use colour codes on the documents so that the staff can understand and carry out their duties properly.Key Word : medical record management, storage systems, management standards


The aim of this chapter is to investigate the potential impacts of globalization on tax revenues with reference to theoretical explanations within the context of tax and globalization. In the study, G10 country group and the data belonging to these countries between the years of 1990 and 2015 are used. In order to determine the relationships between tax revenues and globalization, cross-sectional dependency test, slope heterogeneous tests, and bootstrap panel Granger causality tests were used to understand the direction of causality between long-term coefficient estimations and variables. While the results of the long-run coefficient obtained from the study show differences according to the countries, a bi-directional causality relationship is determined between tax revenues and foreign trade. The diminishing effect of globalization found on the tax revenues of nation states considered within the scope of the study. It can be thought that these outcomes may provide some preliminary information to policymakers.


Objective: This study assessed the early changes in regional and global systolic and diastolic myocardial functions in patients with familial Mediterranean fever without any cardiovascular symptoms using tissue Doppler and strain and strain rate echocardiography and compared them to the results of a control group. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional and observational design. FMF patients with normal left ventricular function were included in the study. We excluded patients who had arrhythmia, acquired/congenital heart disease, pericarditis, or acute attack. We compared 45 children with familial Mediterranean fever on colchicine therapy and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy children. Results: The 45 patients with familial Mediterranean fever included 24 (55.3%) girls and 21 (46.7%) boys with a mean age of 11.3±3.7 (range 2-18) years. The mean disease duration was 4.6±2.4 (range 0.5-10) years. In the patient group, the homozygous M694V mutation was the most common (64.4%) mutation. The patients with familial Mediterranean fever had statistically lower longitudinal global strain, radial global strain, and strain rates (-14.44±4.77%, 14.80±6.29%, and 0.59±0.24 s, respectively) than the controls (-17.40±1.79%, 17.53±4.63%, and 0.83±0.51 s) (p<0.05). The circumferential global strain did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: Patients with familial Mediterranean fever who are subclinical from a cardiac aspect might have normal left ventricular function as measured by conventional echocardiography. However, the disease affects their myocardial tissue, and these patients should be followed with conventional, strain, and strain rate echocardiography techniques regularly.


Acknowledgements I would like to firstly thank Dr. Maria Athanassenas for her great insights, wonderful remarks, and excellent supervision! Thank you so much! I've had an incredibly wonderfully honours year. Also, Prof. Robert Bartnik deserves much thanks for his assistance. His incredible ability to draw pictures from even the most complex of definitions is awe-inspiring! Without both these terrific individuals, I would not have been able to achieve so much in this thesis. Dr. Marty Ross also deserves much credit and praise. His excellent lectures in Measure Theory at the AMSI summer school provided me with a solid foundation to work from. If it was not for his excellent Real Analysis lectures in 2003, I may not have fallen so hard in love with Analysis. As a result of this thesis, I have disturbed both Assoc. Prof. Alan Pryde and Dr. Pengzi Miao many times. Thank you both for taking time with me. Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents. If it were not for their Food for Maths program, I would have been forced to waste more time cooking than proving.


In this paper, the problem of establishing a correlation dependence between the actual operating conditions and accelerated aging of the material in the laboratory is set. As an example, the material considered is penoplex working in the system of ventilated façade for establishing the dependence of the selected strength in transverse bending. To find out the impact of climatic factors on the properties of the penoplex, a special stand was installed, which was operated in the conditions of the Tambov region for one year. As an accelerated aging, three alternate freeze-thaw schemes were considered. The schemes differed in the duration of soaking and freezing of the sample. The obtained results allow us to assert that various freeze-thaw simulation schemes lead to various changes in the characteristics of the material and before starting the simulation in each case it is necessary to establish an equivalent relationship.


We present a sampling-based algorithm for solving stochastic discrete optimization problems based on Auer et al.'s Exp3 algorithm for "nonstochastic multi-armed bandit problems." The algorithm solves the sample average approximation (SAA) of the original problem by iteratively updating and sampling from a probability distribution over the search space. We show that as the number of samples goes to infinity, the value returned by the algorithm converges to the optimal objective-function value and the probability distribution to a distribution that concentrates only on the set of best solutions of the original problem. We then extend the Exp3-based algorithm to solving finite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs), where the underlying MDP is approximated by a recursive SAA problem. We show that the estimate of the "recursive" sample-average-maximum computed by the extended algorithm at a given state approaches the optimal value of the state as the sample size per state per stage goes to infinity. The recursive Exp3-based algorithm for MDPs is then further extended for finite-horizon two-person zero-sum Markov games (MGs), providing a finite-iteration bound to the equilibrium value of the induced SAA game problem and asymptotic convergence to the equilibrium value of the original


In the history of Islamic law development there were two boards mazhab: the first mazhab tended to use hadith to interpret Qur'anic verses and the second was based on logic. Later, the first was known as ahl al-hadith and the second was ahl al-ra'yi. Ahl al-hadith began to flourish in Madina and led by Imam Malik bin Anas while the latter spread in Kuffah and Bagdad in which Imam Abu Hanifah was the pioneer.
Currently there are four products of syariah thought: fiqh books, fatwa of Islamic scholar, decision of syariah court, and acts or rules in Islamic states. Each of which has various characteristics for that it requires different attention.
This article discusses hilah al-hukmi that is a product of Islamic scholar includes meaning, role, and Islamic scholars' opinions about the relevancy of hilahto overcome syariah cases. In this study the writer uses qualitative analysis approach. He elaborates Islamic scholars' opinions and then analyses them. He then concludes that hilah al-hukmi is still relevant to modern life and is not a deviation.


We study two-sided matching markets in which participants are initially endowed with partial preference orderings, lacking precise information about their true, strictly ordered list of preferences. We wish to reason about matchings that are stable with respect to agents' true preferences, and which are furthermore optimal for one given side of the market. We present three main results. First, one can decide in polynomial time whether there exists a matching that is stable and optimal under all strict preference orders that refine the given partial orders, and can construct this matching in polynomial time if it does exist. We show, however, that deciding whether a given pair of agents are matched in all or no such optimal stable matchings is co-NP-complete, even under quite severe restrictions on preferences. Finally, we describe a polynomial-time algorithm that decides, given a matching that is stable under the partial preference orderings, whether that matching is stable and optimal for one side of the market under some refinement of the partial orders.


Events of recent years have placed the structural engineering profession in the spotlight to an extent seldom seen in New Zealand. While there have been no hard conclusions drawn, there has been significant disquiet with regard to engineering practice and competence, from both outside the profession and within. There has been criticism of the CPEng qualification, although this is not always specific as to whether it is the assessment process or the level of the qualification that is at question. There have been even more concerns directed at the Building Consent review process, although that is not strictly relevant to this paper.


The effect of radiation on unsteady natural convection in a two‐dimensional participating medium between two horizontal concentric and vertically eccentric cylinders is investigated numerically. The equations of transfer are written by using a bicylindrical coordinates system, the stream function, and the vorticity. The finite volume radiation solution method and the control volume approach are used to discretize the coupled equations of radiative transfer, momentum, and energy. Original results are obtained for three eccentricities, Rayleigh number equal to 104, 105, and a wide range of radiation‐conduction parameter. The effects of optical thickness, wall emissivity, and scattering on flow intensity and heat transfer are discussed.


in this article the researcher will discuss material about the administration of special services, in this study researchers used literature study techniques by gathering reading material. Special service administration is a form of service that is not provided directly, but supports student optimization in teaching and learning. Special services that can be provided consist of libraries, laboratories, workshops, offices, religious facilities, dormitories, cooperatives and transportation.


Seawater electrolysis holds great promise for hydrogen production in the future, while the development of anodic catalysts has been severely hampered by the side‐reaction, chloride evolution reaction. In this work, nano‐flower‐cluster structured CoO@FeSe2/CF catalysts are synthesized via a scalable electrodeposition technique, and the performance is systematically studied. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of CoO@FeSe2/CF is 267 mV at 100 mA cm−2, which is significantly lower than the IrO2 catalyst (435 mV). Additionally, the catalyst shows high selectivity for OER (97.9%) and almost no loss of activity after a durability test for 1100 h. The impressive performance is attributed to the dense rod‐like structure with abundant active centers after electrochemical activation and the in‐situ generated CoOOH and FeOOH that improves the catalytic activity of the catalyst. The synergistic effect induced by the non‐uniform structure endows the catalyst with excellent stability.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The second‐generation cryoballoon (CB2) has demonstrated superior clinical outcome. Potential procedural complications include esophageal thermal lesions due to excessive esophageal temperature (ET). Safety cut‐offs for the ET have previously been published. A safety margin was incorporated due to a delayed esophageal temperature decline even after termination of the CB2 freeze cycle. The extent of these delayed temperature drops requires further systematic evaluation.


Determining and decoding emotional brain processes under ecologically valid conditions remains a key challenge in affective neuroscience. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based emotion decoding studies are mainly based on brief and isolated episodes of emotion induction, while sustained emotional experience in naturalistic environments that mirror daily life experiences are scarce. Here we use 10-minute movie clips as ecologically valid emotion-evoking procedures in n=52 individuals to explore emotion-specific fMRI functional connectivity (FC) profiles on the whole-brain level at high spatial resolution (400 atlas based parcels). Employing machine-learning based decoding and cross validation procedures allowed to develop predictive FC profiles that can accurately distinguish sustained happiness and sadness and that generalize across movies and subjects. Both functional brain network-based and subnetwork-based emotion prediction results suggest that emotion manifests as distributed representation of multiple networks, rather than a single functional network or subnetwork. Further, the results show that the Visual Network (VN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) associated functional networks, especially VN-DMN, exhibit a strong contribution to emotion prediction. To further estimate the cumulative effect of naturalistic long-term movie-based video-evoking emotions, we divide the 10-min episode into three stages: early stimulation (1 ~ 200 s), middle stimulation (201 ~ 400 s), and late stimulation (401 ~ 600 s) and examine the emotion prediction performance at different stimulation stages. We found that the late stimulation has a stronger predictive ability (accuracy=85.32%, F1-score=85.62%) compared to early and middle stimulation stages, implying that continuous exposure to emotional stimulation can lead to more intense emotions and further enhance emotion-specific distinguishable representations. The present work demonstrates that sustained sadness and happiness under naturalistic conditions are presented in emotion-specific network profiles and these expressions may play different roles in the generation and modulation of emotions. These findings elucidate the importance of network level adaptations for sustained emotional experiences during naturalistic contexts and open new venues for imaging network level contributions under naturalistic conditions.


Abstract Hahoe Village, one of the representative clan villages to which the Pungsan Ryu clan emigrated in the Goryeo era (13th century) is located in Andong City, Korea. There is a rock in the village called Neungpadae, on which is engraved an inscription which has been interpreted to mean 'Look down on waves (flood)', because the Chinese character 'non-displayed special character(s)' means 'look down on' and the character 'non-displayed special character(s)' means 'waves'. People have stretched the meaning of these letters and interpreted them as "Even if the Nakdong River overflows and produces a great flood, the flood water will not reach this rock, Neungpadae. The rock looks down on a flood (Andong City, 2002)". However, this is an interpretation based only on the meanings of the two Chinese characters, 'non-displayed special character(s)', and has not yet been authenticated. This study aims to discover the accurate meaning of Neungpadae in Hahoe Village and debunk the widely known, but incorrect interpretation.


This paper describes a refinement of wind speed prediction methods in order to enhance their accuracy for wind energy applications. Specifically, techniques used to downscale raw forecasts from numerical weather prediction models are investigated. Many downscaling techniques have been proposed, however most of these rely on wind speed data while ignoring a potentially valuable source of information, namely wind direction. In this paper, we incorporate wind speed and direction into three downscaling methods: linear model output statistics; feedforward artificial neural network (ANN); and Kalman filter (KF). We apply the techniques to downscale outputs of a global numerical weather prediction model to six test locations in Ireland for which wind speed and direction measurements were available. While classical downscaling methods require large sets of historical data in order to be trained, the KF has the potential to rapidly estimate the bias that needs to be added to the raw forecasts in order to provide the best fit possible to local observations. Comparing the results of the three downscaling methods, it is shown that while the levels of prediction accuracy attainable with the KF are similar to classical techniques, the amount of data required to parameterise the KF is much less than for other techniques. The KF has a further advantage over the ANN in that it does not require offline parameterisation. However, in this study, the ANN performance was more satisfactory in reducing prediction errors.


We propose a hierarchical optical memory system in which near-fields and far-fields read detailed dipole distributions and features within a region-of-interest, respectively. With hierarchical coding, near- and far-field accesses are associated with different hierarchical information.


Microorganisms are a heterogeneous group of organisms whose enzymatic systems take 60-90% of the total metabolic activity in soil. The number, enzymatic activity and biodiversity of microorganisms may be used as indicators of soil fertility as well as of all changes that take place in soil as an ecological system. The values of the indicators of general biological activity (total number, Azotobacters and DHA) have shown a high biological activity of the soil at the Rimski Sancevi experiment field. The activity is high especially in the soil layer 0-20 cm. The number of microorganisms decreases with the depth of soil profile. Azotobacter, an important indicator of the nitrogen-fixing soil balance, could not be found under 30 cm. At the depth of 100-150 cm, the total number of bacteria was 10-100 per l g of soil, the number of actinomycetes was up to 10 cells per l g of soil, while fungi were not found under 100 cm.


Objective To investigate the clinical infectious distribution caused by S.paucimobilis and its antimicrobial resistance in our hospital.Methods Drug resistance situation and clinical specimen distribution of S.paucimobilis isolated from our hospital in the recent 3.5 years was analyzed retrospectively.Results Totally 121 strains of S.paucimobilis were isolated from Jan 2006 to May 2009,and the percentages of these strains obtained from sputum,blood and ascites were 60.3 %,9.1% and 7.4 %,respectively;The strains of S.paucimobilis mainly distributed in ICU,Respiratory ward and General surgery ward.S.paucimobilis was more sensitive to aminoglycosides and imipenem.Conclusion S.paucimobilis can cause respiratory tract and blood infection under certain conditions,and aminoglycosides and imipenem may be the first choice to treat infections caused by S.paucimobilis.


Along with the unceasing advancement of Chinese University Expansion,the Chinese higher education has obtained a great achievement.Simultaneously,along with the arrival of Chinese higher education's popularity time,Chinese higher education is facing the reduction of school age population,the decline of teaching quality,the difficulty of the finance and graduate employment,and so on.The Chinese government and the schools themselves must adopt the corresponding action to alleviate and resolve the above contradictions and the questions.


In order to adapt to the application of wide-bandwidth,high-frequency-resolution and narrow-pulse radar,the broadband digital receiver is presented to solve the problem in this paper. The principle of broadband receiver is introduced,and the method of frequency measurement of narrow pulse by the broadband digital receiver is emphasized. The simulation results show that the method is feasible and applied to frequency measurement of narrow pulse signal.


[1] Julia Annas, 'Doing Without Objective Values: Ancient and Modern Strategies', in The Norms of Nature, ed. Malcolm Schofield and Gisela Striker, Cambridge University Press, 1986. [2] Donald Davidson, 'On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 47 (1973-4), 5-20. [3] John McDowell, 'Virtue and Reason', The Monist 62 (1979), 331-50. [4] Thomas Nagel, The Viewfrom Nowhere, Oxford University Press, 1986. [5] Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, Princeton University Press, 1979.


The millions of refugees living abroad are supported by reception operators in integrating into the hosting country's labor market. Because the operators are usually not experts in career counseling, it is essential to investigate how they act and consequently interpret their role in supporting the labor integration process, which could, at least in part, explain the weaknesses in the migrants' labor situation. The study is based on fourteen narrations from reception operators on migrants whom they have followed for a career-counseling intervention. The Social Cognitive Career Theory has been the theoretical reference both to define the hypotheses to be tested and the coding of the narratives. The main result is that operators tend to contribute in the final part of the process, i.e., when the migrants have to identify their professional goals and choose which actions to take to achieve them. Furthermore, they view their role as prescriptive and substitutive, not as supporting self-awareness, contextual knowledge, and the choice process. This can produce immediate actions of finding employment, often of low quality, rather than developing interests and projections towards a career that creates satisfaction, and adverse reactions in qualified migrants.


The paper inquires into the impact of personality-factors on the selection and self-selection of recruits for parliamentary mandates by comparing the personality profile of German MPs with a matching sample of the general population (matching in terms of education, gender and age). It further determines whether MPs personality has an impact on their policy preferences (expansionist vs. restrictive budget policies, expansion vs. restriction of welfare state benefits, limitation vs. extension of civic rights etc.). Party affiliation of MPs will be used as a control variable. The paper will make use of data from the Jena Parliamentarians study which have been collected under direction of the author and provide information on a broad spectrum of issues like MPs family backgrounds, recruitment and career experiences and policy preferences. The second wave of the Jena Parliamentarians study was carried out in 2007 and included also a shortened version of the 'Big Five' (identical to a version used in general population studies) for 1223 German MPs at federal, state and European level. Whilst the impact of legislators' social backgrounds and political affiliations on their preferences, their recruitment and their careers is widely researched, the influence of their personalities is much less explored, particularly when it comes to large collectivities of policy makers. The reasons for this asymmetry are twofold. On the one side there are obvious problems of measurement and access, although F. I. Greenstein's concern about the '"scientifically" intractable nature of the subject matter of personality and politics' and a looming 'failure to develop firm, communicable standards of inquiry' (1969:141) is less justified today after the introduction of some canonized and widely used instruments of personality testing, like the Big Five in the 1980s. Because of seemingly insurmountable barriers of access to 'important living leaders' (the dead ones are inaccessible anyway) direct personality assessment via these standard instruments is, however, still considered to be inapplicable in political elite research (Winter 2003). Contrary to this pessimistic assessment, research presented in my paper will attempt to show that it is possible to administer a standard personality test in a large sample survey of 1223 legislators at state and national level, including top ranking office holders in cabinet positions. There are, however, objections based on normative principles against applying to the field of political research, instruments that trace the foundations of political preferences and the determinants of political behaviour back to mental dispositions, which are supposedly rooted in the genotype (John & Srivastava 1999). The idea that the behaviour of political elites and the gap between elites and the masses are somehow tractable to inherited neurophysiologic dispositions and differences seems hard to reconcile with the notions of freedom and equality that are the basic values of liberal democracy. On the other hand, if the selective mechanisms DRAFT VERSION. NOT FOR QUOTATION WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR 3 inherent in democratic representation are at the core of 'legitimate' processes of political elite formation, why should the resulting body of professional politicians not differ from the rest of the population in terms of deep rooted and possibly partly inherited psychological qualities? The present paper follows the view that the 'normative domain of policy is distinct from the positive domain of scientific inquiry' (Thornhill & Palmer 2000: 5-6) and therefore suggests to discuss the impact of results from research into personality factors on normative concepts of democracy after the empirical evidence has been established. My paper inquires into the significance of personality factors in the recruitment, careers and policy preferences of German legislators (or 'representative elites') at state, national and European level. A sample survey of the whole German population will be used as a control group to establish the distinctiveness of political elites from the masses. Data at mass level is provided by the 2005 survey of the German Socio-economic Panel Study (SOEP) which contains a standard version of the Big Five for a sample population of about 17.300 respondents (Rammstedt 2007). To control for the effects of the skewed composition of German parliaments in terms of gender, education and age, elite-masses comparisons will be also based on a re-weighted version of the grand population sample adapting it to the elite sample in terms of these three characteristics. 'Personality' is conceptualized as an 'individually patterned integration of processes of perception, memory, judgement, goalseeking, and emotional expression and regulation' (Winter 2003:110). The expectation is that the pattern of personality traits characterizing an individual will predispose this person to perceive situations similarly and to react consistently despite changing stimulus conditions, values, abilities, motives, defences and aspects of identity and personal style. In the second (2007) wave of German Parliamentarian Study (GPS), which is used as the elite sample in this paper, personality traits of representatives were recorded with a shortened version of the Big Five item-inventory, which reduced the original number of 15 items used in the SOEP-survey to ten (Best et al. 2007). This reduction was deemed necessary to keep the overall duration of the interview (which contained large areas of other questions) within palatable length for an impatient and time constrained population of respondents. DRAFT VERSION. NOT FOR QUOTATION WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR 4 For each of the Big Five factors two items from the more comprehensive SOEP-inventory were selected: • Openness I am a character full of new ideas I have a vivid imagination • Conscientiousness I am exacting in my work I get chores done effectually and effectively • Extraversion I am communicative I don't like to draw attention to myself (reversed) • Agreeableness I can forgive people I am sometimes hard with people (reversed) • Neuroticism I am relaxed and can cope well with stress I am often worried about things (reversed) A confirmatory factor analysis with the ten selected items resulted in perfect Big Five-factor solutions for both samples used in our study. Since Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing was used to conduct the survey, we could be sure that we had received a direct (although not necessarily unbiased) record of MPs' personality traits. After their participation in the GPS had been ensured, non-response levels for the Big Five personality test battery were extremely low (1,3% to 1,5% of all respondents), independent of respondents' hierarchical status in the political elite. The expectation that personality matters in the process of legislative recruitment and the development of legislators' policy priorities is based on two assumptions: A Selectivity Hypothesis which maintains that political elite-status is linked to a display of personality traits that indicate perseverance, strength and 1 The frequent practice of using mailed questionnaires in elite-research is prone to proxy-responding, because assistants and secretaries are notoriously active in getting rid of unwelcome inquiries to MPs by answering themselves (Jahr 2006). DRAFT VERSION. NOT FOR QUOTATION WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR 5 likeability. The selective mechanisms working here are partially allocated within selectorates – i.e. party and constituency organisations – which choose candidates who – because of their personality – are expected to be an asset in the competition between parties for power. These favourable qualities may have adaptive outwards-effects during campaigns by establishing media relationships or contacts with pressure group organisations, and/or may further the inner workings of parties and parliaments through the provision of efficient organisational work, diligent contribution of legislative expertise, and the skilful pacification of internal party strife. It is, however, not only selectorates and – under the condition of electoral laws which allow for preference voting – electorates that select personalities according to their fitness for office. There are also self-selective mechanisms working within the pool of potential candidates that will produce an elite-masses differential according to personality traits. Ambition, perseverance, and the capability to cope with career insecurity, resistance and harsh competition are all required qualities of professional politicians. Potential contenders who are not sure about their ability to cope with the rigors of a political career are very likely to be deterred from entering the competition for office. The selectivity thesis treats personality as an external criterion when selectorates engage in the process of choosing "good" candidates and as an internal factor activating or deactivating candidates in the process of self-selection. It is also expected that the interplay between internal and external selectivity will work differently for different subcategories or "macro-contexts" (Winter 2003:115) of the population of legislators, and that we will see therefore significant differences in legislators' personality types between the sexes, regions (in this case, East and West Germany), religious affiliations, and – in particular – parties. The second assumption, which I call Disposition Hypothesis, establishes a link between legislators' personalities and their policy preferences. It resumes a fundamental paradigm of political psychology first formulated in classical texts, such as Adorno's et al. Authoritarian Personality (1950) or Lasswell's Psychopathology and Politics (1930). Here, personality traits are treated consistently as independent variables "explaining" legislators' policy preferences. With this approach we are follow


B-spline basis expansion is for the first time successfully employed in a modal method aimed at rigorously modeling the electromagnetic response of crossed surface-relief gratings.


We propose a third order convergent finite-difference method for the approximate solution of the boundary value problems. We developed our numerical technique by employing Taylor series expansion and method of undetermined coefficients. The convergence property of the proposed finite difference method discussed. To demonstrate the computational accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method numerical results presented.


As the centennial of Sabine's research, which founded modern architectural acoustics, is celebrated, the need for an experimental measurement standard to characterize scattering surfaces is becoming acute. These data are needed to characterize and rank potential diffusing surfaces and to improve the accuracy of geometrical room modeling programs. Two approaches are currently being studied. One measures the 2‐D or 3‐D directional distribution of scattered sound for a given angle of incidence and frequency. This is used to determine the diffusion parameter, which characterizes the uniformity of the angular response. The other determines the ratio of nonspecular scattered energy to total scattered energy, for directional or randomly incident sound. This yields the scattering coefficient, which contains no diffusivity information, but can be used in geometrical modeling programs. A goal of this research is to determine both diffusivity and scattered energy ratios from a single method, which is also theoretica...


Normally, nanoparticles were obtained by complex and tedious methods. In this work, magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple solid-state reaction method without assistance of any other additives. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was used as the starting material and directly annealed at 800 °C for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. All the samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). All the annealed samples obtained were pure, single phase of cubic structure with space group Fm-3m. SEM results show that all the samples have rounded shape with crystallite size is between 20 to 135 nm. Thus, nanoparticles of MgO can be easily obtained via a simple solid-state reaction method.


The article deals with the notion of the Category of Case in English. Different definitions put forward by the scientists researching this field in English are analyzed, and it is pointed out that Common Case and Possessive Case are reflected by the opposition of 0/-'s. After brief information about the history of category of Case in English, the use of morpheme "-'s" and its peculiarities become focus of attention in the article. Key words: category, category of case, genitive case, common case, opposition, paradigm


Objcetive To study the cell death caused by ricin and the cell cycle influenced by ricin.Methods To detect the cell toxicity by MTT and to analyse cell cycle by flow cytometric analysis.Results The ricin of 10 -3 μmol·L -1 was enough to cause cell death.The toxicity of cell increased while the concentration of ricin increased.The cell viability was 39 6% after 10μmol·L -1 ricin treating the HeLa cell for 24 hours.The typical apoptosis was induced by 0 05μmol·L -1 ricin.The apoptotic cells mainly showed chromatin condensation and disintegration,crescentic nuclear and membrane bound apoptotic bodies formation.Conclusion The ricin of 0 05μmol·L -1 had no effect on the G\-0/G\-1 phase of cell cycle,but induced G\-2/M.The percentage of G\-2/M cells increased from 13 86±0 47% to 33 15±0 45% in 24 hours.


A growing body of research has begun to investigate the diversity climate, showing relationships between diversity climate and both individual level and unit level outcomes. However, studies of the antecedents of climate perceptions are rare. We examined antecedents and outcomes of individuals' psychological perceptions of climate for diversity in an effort to expand the nomological network. The extent to which individuals are exposed to diversity and the extent to which they receive information regarding diversity from the organization from various types of media sources were purported to relate to their perceptions of climate for diversity which, in turn, were proposed to be related to their racial understanding, sense of belonging, ethnic identity, and performance. Further, individuals' race was purported to moderate these. Hypotheses were tested in two university samples of 871 newcomers and 688 incumbents, which allowed for replicating the study. Overall, the results supported the proposed model. Ind...


The pulmonary deposition patterns and the clearance rates of insoluble particles from the lungs of rats were measured during the early post-exposure period following inhalation and intratracheal injection. The data were analyzed by assuming that the pulmonary system consists of a series of compartments and that these compartments are cleared sequentially in time via the trachea. Based on these assumptions, the intratracheal injection technique produced a relatively greater deposition of particles in the lower respiratory tract as compared with inhalation. The clearance kinetics of particles from the lungs were similar for particles deposited in equivalent compartments of the pulmonary system by the two methods of exposure, suggesting that clearance from a given lung compartment is independent of the distribution of particles within that compartment. If this inference is valid, the clearance kinetics obtained following intratracheal injection of particles should not differ from those obtained following inh...


Abstract: Many applications have been developed using blockchain in recent years as its popularity has grown. The cryptocurrency Bitcoin is a well-known example of a Blockchain application since it not only solves the issue of double spendingin an efficient manner but also has the ability to independently verify the veracity of transactional data. As a result, any application that uses Blockchain technology as its fundamental architecture guarantees the integrity of its data. Since Blockchain technology is decentralised, consumers do not fully depend on merchants to verify the authenticity of their purchases. We outline a decentralised Blockchain system with product anti- counterfeiting so that producers can utilise it to deliver authentic goods without having to oversee directly owned storefronts, whichcan significantly reduce the cost of product quality assurance.


p94/calpain 3 is a Ca2+-binding intracellular protease predominantly expressed in skeletal muscles. p94 binds to the N2A and M-line regions of connectin/titin and localizes in the Z-bands. Genetic evidence showing that compromised p94 proteolytic activity leads to muscular dystrophy (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A) indicates the importance of p94 function in myofibrils. Here we show that a series of p94 splice variants is expressed immediately after muscle differentiation and differentially change localization during myofibrillogenesis. We found that the endogenous N-terminal (but not C-terminal) domain of p94 was not only localized in the Z-bands but also directly bound to sarcomeric α-actinin. These data suggest the incorporation of proteolytic N-terminal fragments of p94 into the Z-bands. In myofibrils localization of exogenously expressed p94 shifted from the M-line to N2A as the sarcomere lengthens beyond ∼2.6 and 2.8 μm for wild-type and proteaseinactive p94, respectively. These data demonstrate for the first time that p94 proteolytic activity is involved in responses to muscle conditions, which may explain why p94 inactivation causes limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.


Objective A study on the loci variation characteristics of polymerase on area RT and it's clinical significance while a failure using Adefovir monotherapy antiviral treatment,by analyzing the HBV polymerase reverse transcription (RT) gene sequence of the serum from the chronic hepatitis B patients.Method By using retrospective analysis on the loci variation characteristics,clinical significance of polymerase on area RT and follow-up data from the 44 patients identified genetic mutations through the gene sequence of the HBV polymerase area RT,who had a virus re-activation after getting ADV mono therapy antiviral treatment.Result The 44 patients with Adefovir mono therapy,who had the mutation in area RT with the shortest treatment time eight months,up to five years,an average of(32.2 ± 6.7) months.The level fluctuations of the virus is between 103 copies/ml-108 copies/ml.After virological breakthrough,in these 44 cases,11 as A181T (25.0%),8 as A181V (18.2%),10 as 181T/N236T(22.7%),6 as A181V/N236T (13.6%),9 as N236T(20.4%); 40 cases (90.9%) appeared a biochemistry breakthrough,alanine aminotransferase index fluctuation during 37 IU/L-946 IU/L; Remedial treatment using combination lamivudine 23 cases,6 patients with jointing entecavir,than,1 case for jointing telbivudine,change single drug lamivudine in 4 cases,10 cases of single drug entecavir.Prognosis of severe disease (3 cases),and through the remedial treatment,42 cases was recovered.Conclusion ① RT area A181T (A181T/ N236T) variation accounted about a half of total(47.7%),after the drug resistance of the adefovir,2 years of follow-up,the incidence of liver cancer shows a higher trend than patients without A181T.②Conditions allowed,strong inhibitory effect medicines during tinitial therapy should be preferred,to low the incidence of drug-resistant HBV drug,avoid adverse events.

Key words:
Hepatitis B;  Adefovir;  Carcinoma, hepatocellular


In the article theoretical analysis of young militia officers socialization process is being made on the basis of the sociological conceptions of I. Hoffman, M. Foucault, L. A. Pashin.


Practice teaching is the key to cultivating practical talents and practice teaching system is an important link in the curriculum system for the sports health care recovery specialty teaching major.The article specialized to practices the teaching in view of the current quality high special sports health care recovery to take the insufficient present situation,Proposed the construction sports health care recovery specialized practice teaching system basic mentality and the specific implementation.


This paper shows a new process guideline of high thermal budget process with Si 300 mm wafer in order to eliminate the dislocations. In the case of IGBT, high thermal budget process such as oxidation, diffusion, etc., cause large stress in wafer, and make dislocation propagation, slip, then degrade the device performance and yield. This degradation is enhanced with increasing wafer diameter, and becomes more serious for 300 mm process than that of 200 mm. We clarify the relation between the process condition (time-temperature profile) and dislocation behavior quantitatively under high thermal budget process, and propose the guideline to optimize the process condition. The optimized process minimizes the dislocation propagation in 300 mm Si wafer as same as that in 200 mm Si wafer with the conventional process condition.


Low concentration limitations of the catalyst and conventional free radical polymerization are investigated in the system of initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) of butyl methacrylate (BMA), in which 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is used as a reducing agent, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as a ligand, copper bromide (CuBr2) as a catalyst and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as an initiator. Results show that conventional radical polymerization happens in the early stage of the ICAR ATRP of BMA when the amounts of AIBN are 3∼25 times of the catalyst. And with the increase of the conversion, the BMA polymerization solely conducts the controlled radical polymerization (CRP). The low concentration limitations (based on monomer) of the catalyst required in ICAR ATRP of BMA with good controllability are found to be closely related to the molar ratio of initiator to catalyst, which is determined by the stability of the catalyst/ligand complex. The smaller molar ratio of initiator to catalyst allows lower concentration limitations of the catalyst.


Preface - Or Hill Climbing with Jean Piaget. Toward an Epistemology of Necessary Knowledge. Piaget's Empirical Epistemology. Methods. Procedures. Tasks. Alternative to Constructivism. Epistemic Construction. Conclusion - Necessary Knowledge and Piagetian Research.


The invention provides a health-caring composition with an iron supplementation function. The health-caring composition comprises an iron raw material, vitamins, substrate oil, a suspending agent, casein phosphoeptide, and the like. A capsule-type health-caring product is prepared by using the health-caring composition. According to the invention, the vitamins and casein phosphoeptide are reasonably added to the formula, such that the relative bioavailability of iron is substantially improved; when folic acid is used in combination with iron, a substantial anemia controlling effect is provided. With the application of soft capsules, the problem of iron odor is solved, and the stability of the product is good. Therefore, the product provided by the invention is advantaged in high safety, reasonable formula, substantial iron supplementation effect, no iron odor, and good stability. The preparation method is simple, and is advantaged in low cost.


This text discusses how virtual objects participate interactively in the production of knowledge in scientific practice. The article is based on the ethnographic observation of an interdisciplinary team of scientists whose work involves computer modelling of heat transfer in the human prostate. The ethnography found that although scientific imaging may be considered a form of 'simplifying' the apprehension of data, an intense interpretative process is required to achieve shared meanings concerning the images. These meanings are constructed through oral communication and embodied interactions with virtual objects during the interactions between scientists. A better understanding of these interpretative practices is needed given the growing importance of the use of 3D digital imaging and computational models in contemporary science. These techniques are increasingly used not only to describe truths about nature, but also as powerful tools for intervening in the world.


Nutrition is an absolute factor needed by the body in the process of growth and development. However, the general public today is still difficult to maintain nutritional intake in the food consumed every day. Therefore, by utilizing the development of technology on mobile phones that are becoming increasingly smarter with the Android operating system, an application was made to help the public monitor nutritional intake and features that support rearranging their diet. The application was made with the Kotlin programming language using the Android Studio IDE. The model used in application development was the Scrum model. With the stages of determining the product backlog, determining sprint planning, daily scrum, sprint review, and sprint retrospective. The result of this practical work was the Nutrifit application which could make it easier for the general public to monitor the daily nutritional intake needed to keep the body healthy during the pandemic.


The invention relates to compound feed for high-grade shrimps and a preparation method of the compound feed. The compound feed for the high-grade shrimps comprises the following components: trace elements, vitamins, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, wall-broken yeast extract powder, Gandankang, tributyrin, fermented soybean meal, peanut meal, corn protein, imported fishmeal, shrimp meal, soybean lecithin oil, fish oil, flour and squid paste. The specific preparation method comprises the following steps: premixing the trace elements, the vitamins, the choline chloride, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the wall-broken yeast extract powder, the Gandankang and the tributyrin to obtain a premix compound; grinding the raw materials other than the premix compound and the flour; putting the premix compound, the ground raw materials and the flour into a mixing machine for mixing; quality-conditioning, granulating, curing and cooling a mixed material to obtain a product. The compound feed and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the benefits that on the basis of ensuring the feed safety, through adding functional matters capable of improving the shrimp physique, the good shrimp physique is ensured, and the disease incidence is reduced, so that the yield of penaeus vannamei is improved, and the breeding income is improved.


High power fiber lasers and amplifiers have reached several kilowatts of output power, and are now leading contenders for many important applications. Beyond raw power, fibers offer advantages such as control, efficiency, manufacturability, and reliability. These derive from the fundamental fiber geometry, as well as advances in fiber design, fabrication, and pump diodes, largely driven by the optical communications industry. We will review recent progress in a range of operating regimes, current research directions, and the underlying science and technology.


The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) for strengthening concrete structures has grown remarkably during the past few years. In spite of exhibiting superior properties, the safety of usage is questionable as FRP undergoes brittle debonding failure. The aim of this study is to review and compare the existing research on bond failure between FRP and concrete substrates. Among the different failure modes, there has been little research in terms of intermediate crack-induced interfacial debonding and fewer strength models are developed for predicting such failures. Conducting a simple shear test on the FRP bonded to a concrete substrate can simulate this type of failure mode. Twelve specimens were tested to study the influence of concrete strength and the amount of FRP on the ultimate load capacity of a FRP–concrete bond under direct shear. Existing experimental work was collected from the literature and consists of an extensive database of 351 concrete prisms bonded to FRP and tested in direct shear tests...


The presence of lactobacilli were investigated in the intestine of 50 fish specimens common carp cyprinus carpio weight rang between 400-1500g in weight from commercial farms in north of Baghdad through period of September to December 2010. All isolates were Gram positive ,catalase negative short rod usually non motile and non sporulating bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major or sole product of their fermentative metabolism.The obtained data showed that various species of lactic acid bacteria were found with high levels in total number about 104-107CFU/g of intestinal content, physiological and biochemical characteristics of 8 strains isolated from intestine J1, J3, J4, J6, J7, J8, J9, J10 that can be categorized in two metabolic group facultative and obligate heterofermentation ,also all isolates were resistante to all antibiotic sensitivity OA2A –p Disc except isolates J1, J3, J4, J8, J9 were sensitive to erythromycin in concentration 60mcg .The aim of this study was to characterize of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of common carp Cyprinus carpio to be used as probiotic.


A drying agent with wide application range is prepared from hydroscopic material, the deliquescent substance and vegetative polyose through pre-treating, mixing, and tabletting or granulating.


The new phases Ln1/3 Zr2(PO4)3 (Ln = Rare Earth) crystallize with the Nasicon-type structure. The rare earth is located in the usually labeled M1 site with rather ionic Ln -O bonds. The ceramics resulting from the decomposition of these phosphates have been characterized in the case of lanthanum and europium. They exhibit a very low thermal expansion between room temperature and 1340°C.


University ITMO, St. Petersburg, RussiaIn our era of computers and computer models the importance of physical models for both research and education in developmental biology is often forgotten or at least underappreciated. One important aspect of embryology is the developmental ana tomy of both human and animal embryos. Here we present a par-ticularly valuable model of a human embryo at the end of the fourth week of development (Embryo His / Br3, length – 9,6 mm). The model shows the embryo at 100 times its actual size and was made in the 1930s by Firma Osterloh in Leipzig, Germany. The model can be taken apart to show inner organs such as the heart and the liver, which can also be deconstructed further to show their inner structure. In addition, the developing eye, nose and inner ear can be observed, as well as limb buds and parts of the circulatory sys-tem. The fact that the embryo at this stage has a prominent tail and other characters that are later resorbed, could be used to discuss the biogenetic law and other theoretical issues.


Personality reveals the psychological make-up of an individual through his behaviour. In fact, it the quality of a person's total behaviour. Personality is a dynamic and continuous process of learning in which the individual acquires the typical modes of responses. The word personality is used to subsume all the factors, inherited or acquired, which make up an individual. It the total sum of what one is (his psychological make-up), one's typical response patterns (to adjust in the environment or how one responds to the world around him), and behaviour patterns how one behaves differently in different situations Singh [1].


Electromagnetic orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beam patterns generated by conventional methods are always of high sidelobe level, which severely limits its application. Considering the sidelobe suppression abilities of Bayliss synthesis method for difference beams, we present a modified Bayliss synthesis procedure to obtain low sidelobe OAM vortex beams. The Bayliss synthesis method cannot suppress the sidelobe level of difference pattern to the desired value when the element number of linear array is relatively small. By modifying the original zero locations that need to be removed in Bayliss pattern, we can further suppress the sidelobe level of difference pattern. This can be called the modified Bayliss pattern. Finally, by expanding the proposed synthesis method from linear source to circular array, theoretical results show that sidelobe levels of OAM beams can be suppressed to less than −30 dB when OAM mode number varies from l = 1 to l = 10. The proposed low sidelobe OAM vortex beam can be applied in antijamming communications of near-field in the future.


Physicists build a database of information for boron arsenide to pave the way for applications in electronics thermal management and beyond.


Resistivity specimens of 16-Alfenal and Thermenal were machined from the as-rolled 0.035-in.-thick stock, annealed for varying lengths of time at 650 deg C to obtain the desired microstructures, and prepared to establish a high degree of Fe/sub 3/Al order. Resistivity measurements were made, the results of which are presented graphically. These isothermal resistivity curves were analyzed to establish the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the various alloys. Initial results of these studies are presented in relation to mechanical properties and hardness indentations. (For preceding period see TIDl1106.) (J.R.D.)


A series of novel catalysts based on immobilization of copper and chromium-doped copper on calcined and uncalcined hydrotalcite support have been developed and used for promoting vapor-phase hydrogenation of furfural. The results indicated that a pre-calcination of the support has a negative role in changing the structural features and catalytic activity of the final catalysts. Moreover, the presence of the Cr promoter can improve the catalyst performance. The best performance (furfuryl alcohol selectivity of 94% and furfural conversion of 89%) was obtained over the Cr-doped copper catalyst supported on as-synthesized hydrotalcite material.


On Rogers' Proof of Identifiability for the GTR +Γ+ I Model JUANJUAN CHAI1 AND ELIZABETH A. HOUSWORTH1,2,3,∗ 1Department of Mathematics; 2Department of Biology; and 3Department of Statistics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47405, USA; ∗Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Rawles Hall, 831 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405; E-mail: email@example.com.


This chapter interrogates the ways in which Top Gun's status as filmic reference point for Hollywood 'high concept' of the 1980s has informed speculation around its new millennial reboot, Top Gun: Maverick. With the new film still unreleased at the time of writing, the essay focuses not on the reboot (or even its promotional materials) but on the anticipation of the reboot as 'discursive project'. Attending to the paratextual arrays that inform and prefigure media events, it focuses on the period in the mid-2010s leading up to the first official publicity still for Top Gun: Maverick to investigate the dynamics of speculation and nostalgia that accompany the 'anticipation' of Hollywood reboots.


Construction of teacher's moral character is an overall problem in develoment of social civilization.Its construction includes moral principles and ethics,which are more justifiable in the term of teacher's moral character construction.The subject of teacher's moral characters construction comprises four social groups.The teacher himself must build up self development consciousness of teacher's moral character,update comprehensively his morality elements as required by teacher profession,all of which must be regarded as a social duty and responsibility.


A tetrode type electron gun system for the generation of low energy electrons has been designed, developed and characterized. The electron gun, designed for irradiation experiments, has four electrodes namely, cathode, focusing electrode, control electrode and anode. This electron gun is capable to provide electrons of energy over the range of 1 keV to 20 keV, with current maximum 100 A. The electron gun and a Faraday cup are mounted in the evacuated cylindrical chamber. The samples are fixed on the Faraday cup mounted at a distance of 200 mm from the anode in the chamber and irradiated with low energy electrons at a pressure around 10 mbar. In this electron gun system, at any electron energy over the entire range, the electron beam diameter can be varied from 5 to 120 mm on the Faraday cup. Also, the circular shape of the beam spot was maintained, even though the beam current and beam diameter are varied. The uniformity of the electron beam over the entire beam area was measured with a multi-electrode assembly and found to be 15%. This system is being used for the synthesis and diffusion of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles in polymeric and glass materials.


This research focuses on the recent pollen image of several vegetation types in NW Italy. In 201 arboreal, shrubby, and herbaceous plant populations, pollen samples were taken from moss polsters, and the corresponding vegetation was recorded using the phytosociological method. Since studies on recent pollen rain in the Mediterranean mountains and coast are rare, this research aims to provide new data and tools to better interpret fossil pollen spectra. Pollen analysis provided data for the comparison between surface spectra and vegetation. Davis indices, fidelity, dispersion, and the relation with vegetation data were calculated for each taxon, and PCA was carried out. Most vegetation types are identifiable through the taxa dominating the pollen spectra, as frequently happens in woodlands (e.g., beech woods, chestnut woods, etc.). Characterizing shrubland and certain tree-dominated vegetation types (e.g., Larix forests) through pollen data is more complex. In this regard, Davis indices are particularly useful for identifying pollen/plant association, over- and underrepresentation of pollen, and taxa indicating vegetation types. Pollen threshold values were calculated which allow the assessment of the local presence of a plant. Overall, the achieved results partially confirm those of previous research carried out in the region, greatly expanding the comparisons between several different plant communities and the database in view of future sharing through the EMPD.


Spring 2017 Problem 5 . Let S be a multiplicatively closed subset of a commutative ring R . For a prime ideal I in R with I X S " H , show that the ideal I ¨ S ´ 1 R in the localized ring S ´ 1 R is prime. Also, show that sending I to I ¨ S ´ 1 R gives a bijection between the prime ideals in R that do not meet S and the prime ideals in the localized ring S ´ 1 R . , , st P S . rt P S R P S 1 R , P S ra P I P S . S 1 R , I : t a P R : a 1 P J u . as P J , s 1 as a 1 P J I of of S 1 R a proper 11 R J so 1 R I I is a proper subset of R . ra P I for all a P I and r P R since r 1 a 1 " ra 1 P J . For a, b P I we a 1 ` b 1 a ` b 1 P J so a ` b P I . We that I Ă R is a proper ideal.


The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation's value engineering (VE) program is presented. How the program stated, how it is now administred, and the accomplishments are described. The program has achieved significant savings of more than $10 million per year. Recommendations are aimed at agencies beginning a VE program. (Author)


A class of differential games with two pursuers versus one evader is investigated for Nash equilibrium solutions. The solutions show that the state space can be partitioned into the following three regions: 1) the evader, E , plays a two-player, nonzero-sum differential game against one of the two pursuers, P , and ignores the other pursuer, Q ; 2) the evader plays a two-player, nonzero-sum differential game against Q and ignores P ; and 3) the evader plays against both of the pursuers. A specific example is examined to illustrate how the theory can be applied.


This paper proposes a sensorless drive system for Brushless DC (BLDC) motors using a Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL). The Back Electromotive Force (BEMF) voltage is measured from the motor windings to determine the permanent magnet rotor position using the DPLL, and a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) limits the motor current for controlling the speed of BLDC motors. The proposed method can drive BLDC motors using an open loop control without stepping out. Also, the proposed method is compared with a control method with hall sensors, experimentally. Experimental results of the BLDC motor show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In the 7th grammar curriculum, one of the important change is that the vocabulary chapter is set up independently. But there are some problems, as for the first time vocabulary chapter is set up independent chapter. One of the aim of grammar text is that trains attitude to love and make develope Korean. If we make narrow Korean in a vocabulary dimension, The Korean that we love and make develope is justly vocabulary of Korean. But the vocabulary of Korean that we love and make develope wasn't defined concretely in vocabulary chapter of grammar text. In addition to, there is more serious problem that a extension of Korean vocabulary can be understood arbitrarily. If so, what is a cause that give rise to these problems. It results from unclear concept of term used in grammar text. In this thesis, I studied these problems in a chapter of vocabulary critically.


A Radioisotope Thermophotovoltaic (RTPV) Cell is a device used to convert heat energy into electrical energy. The electric generation capacity of RTPV cell depends on the radiative heat transfer between its two surfaces: the emitter surface heated by radioisotope thermal source and the receiving photovoltaic (PV) cell surface. The spectral directional surface properties and the surface temperatures of emitter and PV cell surface play important roles in quantifying the radiative heat flux of RTPV cell. This paper establishes the required analytic flat plate solutions to calculate the radiative heat flux of RTPV cell. The results obtained using the analytic solutions developed in this study have been qualitatively validated with the results of numerical simulations performed by a commercially available software. The effect of the surface temperatures and emitter surface coating on RTPV cell capacity is also studied and analyzed by both the methods. The results obtained from both the methods show that PV cell surface temperature has negligible effect on RTPV cell capacity as compared to the emitter surface temperature. Also, the radiative heat flux of RTPV cell with coated emitter is found to be significantly higher than that of RTPV cell with uncoated emitter surface. The analytical methods can be used to estimate the net radiative heat flux of RTPV cell for different surface temperatures and are independent of the dimensions of RTPV cell.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


We have developed a technique that permits direct visualization of the coupling matrix for all guided modes of a moderately multimode fiber optic at a splice or mode coupler. The matrix is formed by an array of spots at the output of a picosecond streak camera. The technique also permits unambiguous determination of the phase velocity and group velocity of the modes.


During the last Cuban Independence War, the combination of several factors like climate, a poor feeding and the continuos movements of the Army, caused a physical weakness and an increment of diseasies among the Spanish soldiers. The study of these diseasies, many of them tropical ones, their treatment and adopted sanitary measures (like the construction of hospitals, the improvement of installations, etc.) can constitute a first step in order to know the number of the soldier infected by these diseasies and in which manners this fact affected the capacity of the Spanish Army.