Background
The internal surfaces of pulse oximeter probes may be overlooked as hot spots for pathogenic microorganisms in an intensive care unit (ICU), thereby contributing to the high incidence of hospital-acquired infections.

Objectives
To determine the growth and identification of microorganisms on pulse oximeter probes in the multidisciplinary ICU (MICU) at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and the burns ICU (BICU) at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, before and after decontamination.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, comparative and contextual study, using purposive sampling. Data were collected from the internal surfaces of 34 pulse oximeter probes in a MICU and BICU. Each pulse oximeter probe was swabbed before and after decontamination. The endemic microorganism profile for the two ICUs was obtained from a laboratory database.

Results
Internal surfaces of 31 (91%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 - 0.98) pulse oximeter probes were contaminated with 9 different pathogenic microorganisms pre decontamination. Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniaei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were endemic to both ICUs, and were the most-frequently isolated microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common microorganism endemic to both ICUs, isolated on the internal surfaces of only 2 pulse oximeter probes. Of the internal surfaces of pulse oximeter probes, 6 (18%; 95% CI 0.07 - 0.35) remained contaminated post decontamination, with a microorganism growth reduction of 80% (p=0.0001).

Conclusion
The internal surfaces of pulse oximeter probes may serve as hot spots for an array of pathogens with the potential to cause infection and outbreaks in ICUs. Decontamination of the internal surfaces of pulse oximeter probes should be emphasised.

Contributions of the study
This study identifies internal surfaces of pulse oximeter probes as reservoirs for infection in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly in a burns ICU setting, pinpointing one of many sources of hospital-acquired infections within ICU cubicles.The study emphasises the need to clean the internal surfaces of pulse oximeter probes (whether visibly soiled or not) prior to disinfection.


This chapter discusses Gantz, Rubinstein, Gidley, and Woodworth's 1999 paper on the surgical management of Bell's palsy including the design of the study (outcome measures, results, conclusions, and a critique).


The inbound tourism can not only bring foreign exchange revenue of a country,but also promote the development of related industries and increase employment.Firstly,the correlation study of inbound tourism and economic development are summarized.Secondly,the statistics are collected in Hunan Province in the past 13 years between 1999 to 2011,two basic indexes are selected,which are the inbound tourism revenue and GDP,and then combined model,the empirical analysis is made,based on the inbound tourism and economic development of Hunan province.Finally,the related suggestions are given in order to promote the development of inbound tourism and economic growth in Hunan province.


Betulin is a pentacyclic triterpene alcohol with a lupane skeleton and is known to possess a broad range of biological activities, including antiinflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer actions. Betulin contains primary and secondary hydroxyls that are situated in different steric environments and shows different activities. The literature concerning the pharmacological properties, the resource and isolation of betulin, the chemical synthesis of betulin and its derivatives, the biotransformation of betulin was reviewed and it will prepare for the further studies such as the structure-activity research (SAR), the pharmacological and toxicologic study.


The rush in worldwide population is making us to shift towards smart agriculture. The reason behind this change is demolishing of natural resources, reduction in the availability of land for agriculture, the change in unpredictable weather condition makes production in agriculture a major concern for many countries. As a result, the Internet of Things (IoT) is used to enhance the production in agriculture sector. Internet of Things (IoT) is used as a major driver for smart agriculture. The combination of various sensors such as water level sensor, Humidity sensor, temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, pesticide sensor, fertilizer sensor are used to detect the maximum possibilities to enhance the crop production and smart agriculture. Furthermore we provide future trends, innovation and application scenarios to make crop production to its maximum and eliminate the problem of food security,


The goal of this article is to test various factors which can potentially explain differences in independents' representation at the local level in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. As the size of a municipality was the almost single factor, whose influence was in both countries at the same direction, together with the generally rather low levels of explained variability, we suggest that for a more adequate explanation of the independents' successfulness, we need to look for other indicators that could far better than the usual socio-demographic variables characterize the form of political competition in the specific municipalities, particularly in those which are associated with a specific political culture or other indicators of similar type, which can be difficult to abstract from aggregate data and their use would require the implementation of specific research on the local level.


Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy may be associated with improved surgical margin status compared to open radical prostatectomy for men with intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer, according to a study presented at the AUA annual meeting in Orlando, FL.


Bin packing is a common operational problem,which is used widely in society.Bin packing problem can be divided into one dimension,two dimension,three dimension.The article mainly discusses the solution of strip bin packing of two dimension,which is combined with Genetic algorithm.And it uses suffix expression to encode the bin packing pattern and proposes the algorithm of decoding in detail.Finally it proves the algorithm is practical by using example.


Despite recent advances in treatment for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, adolescents and incarcerated people are among two subpopulations in greatest need of treatment, yet generally lack access to HCV testing and face age-specifi c and institutional barriers to care. Exploratory research was conducted in 2016, including surveys among 125 incarcerated young men (18 to 24 years) living with HCV, followed by more in-depth life history interviews to identify attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to their HCV infections. The interviews indicated that the lack of early HCV intervention and treatment for adolescents and incarcerated youth signifi cantly infl uences subsequent health care practices.


The purpose of this special symposium is to showcase the area of personality and emotion and to give Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin readers some sense of the breadth of issues in this area. Three broad themes organize this collection of articles: (a) a concern with taxonomy, definition, categorizations, and assessment of major theoretical constructs; (b) an approach to testing theories of emotion by employing individual differences; and (c) the modification or refocusing of traditional personality theories by incorporating modern knowledge of emotion.


A thromboelastographic investigation was made of changes in blood coagulability caused by irradiation of 15 patients aged 46--76 yr for treatment of either uterine cervical carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the body of the uterus, or carcinoma of the fallopian tubes. Fractional xray doses of 200 r were given, with total doses up to 12000 r, and elastograms were made for each patient after receiving doses of 2000, 6000, and 12000 r. In general, the results showed an increasing hypocoagulability of blood as irradiation dosage mounted. Progressive significant changes were noted in the parameters of the elastograms: time of reaction (r), time of formation of coagulum (k), and max amplitude (ma). The value of r increased according to a regression coefficient of 0.136 plus or minus 0.010 (standard deviation) per 1000 r; k also increased, according to a coefficient of 0.123 plus or minus 0.028 per 1000 r. The value of ma fell during treatment, by a coefficient of --0.918 plus or minus 0.17. An inverse proportionality was seen between ma and the values of r and k. This is represented by the thromboelastographic index (TI), obtained by dividing ma by the sum of r and k. TI declined during therapy, accordingmore » to a regression coefficient of -0.211 plus or minus 0.022. The data do not pernait tracing the cause of this radiation-induced hypocoagulability to deficiency of any particular clotting factor. (BBB)« less


School of Integrated Circuit and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Technology, Beijing, China, School of Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China, Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States


Aiming at the problem that the early fault diagnosis of rolling bearing could not be carried out effectively by most exiting methods,the permutation entropy algorithm was used to analyze the early faults of bearing vibration signal.Through researching the impact of embedding dimension and delaying time on signal permutation entropy,a feature extraction method based on multi-dimension permutation entropy algorithm was proposed.The intelligent diagnosis model was established to diagnose bearing early faults according to the support vector machine theory and the features calculated by the proposed method.The fault data with different types and varying degrees of bearings were analyzed to prove the effectiveness of multi-dimension permutation entropy method for extracting the features information of bearing's different states effectively and the universality of proposed intelligent model for diagnosing the bearing early faults accurately.Under the circumstance of poor samples,the proposed model had-high diagnostic capability which was suitable for on-line monitoring for bearing early faults.


The surface-active characteristics of naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM) was studied in DOM solutions leached out from four OM-containing topsoils. A reciprocal relationship was obtained between the leaching dynamics of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the surface tension (&ggr;L) of these solutions: when the DOC decreased with cumulative leachate pore volumes, the &ggr;L increased and approached &ggr;L of the displacing solution (i.e., water). For all soil solutions, the corresponding &ggr;L versus log(DOC) exhibited a linear relationship, from which the surface excess (&Ggr;) and the average surface area (A, square nanometer) occupied by the surface-active DOM molecules were calculated based on the Gibbs equation. The calculated A values were of the same order of magnitude as those reported for some humic acids, but smaller. The nature of the displaced DOM solutions was further examined in terms of the effect of pH on the &ggr;L, which exhibited a sigmoidal reduction with decreasing pH. From the E2/E3 ratio, it was deduced that with decreasing pH, the molecular size of the DOM molecules decreases, and consequently, so does A. Accordingly, the reduction in &ggr;L with increasing pH was explained by the protonation of acid functional groups, which imparts a more hydrophobic nature to the DOM molecules, but also by the reduction in molecular size, and consequently, in A.


The effect of a double structure of saturated absorption resonance in the field of counterpropagating light waves interacting with atomic gas is considered, which was first studied experimentally and theoretically by Vasil'ev et al. [V.V. Vasil'ev et al., J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 112, 770 (2011)]. The effect manifests itself as a new nonlinear resonance formed as a peak in the absorption spectrum of the probe wave. The resonance is observed inside a 'conventional' dip in the spectrum of saturated absorption. Previously, this effect was theoretically described only in the frameworks of the two-level atomic model, i.e., without making allowance for degeneracy of atomic energy levels with respect to the projection of the total angular momentum and for the vector nature of light. We extend the theory of the effect to the case of real atomic systems with degenerate energy levels and arbitrary polarisations of light waves. In particular, on an example of the simple transition we show that polarisation parameters of light waves may significantly affect the contrast of the new effect and the possibility of observing it at all. Conclusions of the work are confirmed both analytically and bnumerically.


The clinical impact of positron emission tomography using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG PET) has been proven for a variety of oncological problems. However, the clinical benefit of FDG PET is not yet established in pediatric oncological diseases. In this review, publications concerning FDG PET in pediatric tumor entities are summarized. There are first studies in osseous sarcomas, brain tumors, neuroblastomas


The purposes of this paper are to analyze the current state of cyber apartment construction in the allied industries and to seek a desirable development course of cyber apartments. Through this study, the author intends to compare five cyber apartment consortiums currently being operated and relevant cases of apartment sales, and to contribute to establishing desirable Korean-style cyber apartment model by suggesting a development course. By analyzing the construction of the five cyber apartment consortiums, which are iCitiro, CVNet, ezVille, Techno Village and Joy&Life, I identified the service contents such as house maintenance, cyber community, electronic commerce and home automation, and investigated four relevant cases of apartment sales. A cyber apartment should be a concept of convenient residence resulting from the improvement of information and telecommunication technology and high-tech electric home appliances as well as an essential element for pleasant life. For the purpose, it is required to improve the quality of our life by establishing a standard model of Korean-style cyber apartment suitable for our environment and to prepare an advanced solution through which all the people are able to adapt themselves to the information society. In addition, policies such as subsidy payment, cyber function installation and information education should be prepared to resolve the digital divide between the possible beneficiaries of information and the lower income bracket who are unable to share the benefit of information society or residents at traditional houses that are not equipped with the functions of cyber apartments. On the other hand, rather than establishing a new cyber apartment consortium, constructors not joining cyber apartment consortium and companies concerned with telecommunication and contents should be led actively to join the five existing consortiums, so that they may benefit from the economy of scale. Furthermore, it is considered necessary to ease competition among the existing consortiums for preventing redundant investment.


Based on the mathematical model developed previously by the authors for ESR process,the optimal process technologies were determined for some slag systems to be used in ESR process from which the steel will be provided for cold rolls.Analyzing the quality of remelting ingots,the influence of technological schedule on the solidification quality of those ingots was investigated.Testing results showed that the reasonable selection of process parameters is actually feasible to control local solidification time and secondary interdendritic spacing and,further,control the segregation in remelting ingots.With regard to the steel Cr5 for cold rolls,the longer the local solidification time,the longer the corresponding secondary interdendritic spacing and the higher the content of carbides due to segregated elements.


Precorneal membrane consists of a flattened epithelialised fibrovascular fold running in front of the cornea, forming a sort of veil under which a probe can be passed, I t leads to gross visual impairment but the recovery is complete following its excision. Except for a case reported by Singh and Grover (1960), no other reference could be found in the literature. Recently two more cases were seen and investigated by us whose veils were excised and histopathologically examined. They are being reported herewith.


Abstract Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) due to Enterobacteriaceae often require empiric intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Oral antibiotics for the definitive treatment of these infections have been reserved to antibiotics with "high" oral bioavailability, mainly fluoroquinolones (FQ). Safety concerns and increasing resistance associated with FQ has modified clinical practice to identify alternative oral therapies. Select β-lactam (BL) antibiotics are well-tolerated, have moderately high bioavailability, and possess in-vitro activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis). Limited evidence exists for oral BL step-down therapy for definitive treatment of BSI due to these organisms. Methods This retrospective cohort study compares clinical outcomes of patients treated with oral BL antibiotics to those who received oral FQ or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TS) for the treatment of BSI due to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis. The primary outcome is a composite of 30-day all-cause mortality, 30-day readmission due to recurrence, and/or change in oral antibiotic therapy. Secondary endpoints include 90-day development of Clostridium difficile infection, 90-day all-cause readmission, hospital length of stay (LOS), and 90-day recovery of a multi-drug-resistant organism. Results Nine hundred eighty-one patients were screened and 397 adult patients were included. Excluded patients: IV only (n = 291), polymicrobial blood culture (n = 112), immunocompromised (n = 61), other (n = 120). Two-hundred patients received oral step-down therapy with a BL, and 197 with either an FQ or TS. E. coli was the causative organism for most patients in both groups, and urinary tract was the most common source of BSI. The median total duration of therapy was 14 days in both groups. There was no significant difference in the primary composite endpoint (7% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.561). There was no mortality or differences in secondary outcomes, except LOS (6 vs. 5 days, P = 0.043). Conclusion Utilization of oral BL for the step-down therapy of uncomplicated BSI due to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis did not result in worse outcomes compared with those receiving oral FQ or TS. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The proton NMR spectrum of yeast tRNAVal 1 has been studied using nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), including comparison of NOE patterns between purine C8 deuterated and nondeuterated samples. Studies of the downfield region enable us to reliably assign many resonances in the acceptor and D stems. Prominent among these reliable assignments is that of the unusual base pair U psi, which is made here for the first time. Other identifications include GU2, U8-A14, the three AU base pairs of the acceptor stem, and N1 and N3 protons of psi 55.


The European project ELISA (e-learning for improving access to information society for SMEs in the South East European Area) is an INTERREG CADSES project that involves 13 partners from 8 countries, coming from academia, government and the service sector, with the main objective of implementing combined training methods for improving the acceleration of e-business penetration in the target countries. In this paper we give a brief description of ELISA, we summarize the implementation of various technology enhanced training deliveries and we analyse the characteristics and functionality of the ELISA e-learning platform that was created based on the open-source learning management system (LMS) Moodle. We are trying to prove that, regardless the difficulties, technology enhanced learning can be efficiently used by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and by governments who wish to create learning centres providing such training to local SMEs with reduced cost. Given that the 23 million SMEs represent the 99% of the European enterprises, this can prove to be a very efficient contribution to the Lisbon European strategy for the information society.


In order to meet consumer's huge demands for cosmetic match, this project plans to develop a cosmetic match application --- Beauty, based on support vector machine. Beauty, according to pictures including different shapes of face, can adopt Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to optimize image pixel, get the lower dimension feature vector to support vector machine's input, and then adopt cross-validation and grid-search to select penalty parameter c and kernel parameter g to train the model. Finally, different facial pictures are tested respectively by making use of these models. And then consumers can get the most suitable recommendation in accordance with classification results.


The balance between attack and defense is one of the key problems of computer game system. And Einstein Würfelt Nicht! game injects randomness of the game process with the aid of the dice for choosing, increasing the game tun, but also making valuations harder. For this reason, this paper selects two valuation factors of distance and probability, and designs the valuation function specially for this randomness. Introducing multi-thread technology, a Hybrid Optimization Algorithm based on Monte Carlo algorithm and Expected Search algorithm is proposed. From the perspective of system balance, the game system of Einstein Würfelt Nicht! is reconstructed based on the two aspects of attack and defense. The experimental results show that the improved game system continued to maintain a strong chess force and won the national championship.


Despite the growing number of research papers dealing with Islamic consumption and the Islamic marketing themes, concepts like the Islamic consumer and what was used to be called the 'halal' market rise a considerable controversy. Through a literature review relating different theoretical perspectives such as postmodernism, Islamism and its effects on market places, this paper aims to improve our knowledge about the Islamic consumer behaviour and the new emergence of 'halal' market. Opposite to the mainstream thought, this paper argues that being a Muslim does not necessarily involve being an Islamic consumer. Therefore, the Islamic consumer is likely the consumer who seeks to consume some specific products and services that create and symbolise a particular Islamic social identity. This paper is almost the first to establish a clear definition of the Islamic consumer and also of the 'halal' market, distinguishing between the Islamic consumer and the Muslim consumer.


Abstract In the recent past, experimental studies have shown some advantages of blade lean and sweep in axial compressors. As most of the experimental results are combined with other features, it is difficult to determine the effect of individual parameters on the performance of the compressor. The present numerical studies are aimed at understanding the performance and three-dimensional flow pattern within and at the exit of swept and unswept rotors. Three rotors, namely, unswept, 20° forward swept, and 20° backward swept rotors, are analysed with a specific intention of understanding the three-dimensional flow pattern within the rotors and also the pattern of the blade boundary layer flow. The analysis was done using a fully three-dimensional viscous CFD code CFX-5. Results indicated a reduction in pressure rise with sweep. Backward sweep adversely affects the stall margin. Forward sweep changes the streamline pattern in such a way that the suction surface streamlines are deflected towards the hub and the pressure surface streamlines are deflected towards the casing. An opposite behaviour is observed in the backward swept rotors. High axial velocities reduce the secondary losses near the hub, resulting in a high pressure rise in forward swept rotor.


Abstract : Existing solutions to the laminar, axially symmetric jet problem are restricted by assumptions of constant viscosity, constant density and a unitary Prandtl number. Some perturbation solutions for compressible jets with a unitary Prandtl number can also be found. For heated jets, both the viscosity and the density can vary over a wide range of values and the assumptions that they are constants are no longer applicable. For extremely hot jets, the Prandtl number is decreased due to ionization and the assumption of a Prandtl number of one is even less applicable in this case than in ordinary gas dynamic flows. The laminar, compressible, axially symmetric jet problem is solved analytically for a variable viscosity and an arbitrary Prandtl number. The flow is assumed subsonic where compressibility is due to heating only. The viscosity is assumed to be directly proportional to temperature to the one-half. This viscosity-temperature relationship is found to be in good agreement with existing theoretical calculations. An approximation is required to obtain the analytical solution and an a posteriori check shows that it introduces a negligible error. The applicability of the solution to arc heated argon plasma jets is discussed. The assumptions required to solve the problem are very accurate up to a temperature of 7500K for argon at atmospheric pressure. The solution should give a good indication of the enthalpy profiles at higher temperatures. (Author)


Synthesis of 5β-Androstane-3,17-dione from Cholic Acid

An efficient synthesis of 5β-androstane-3,17-dione (4) from cholic acid is presented. Key step is the photochemical side-chain degradation of a suitable bile acid derivative (1).


Xenophon : Scripta Minora. With an English translation by E. C. MARCHANT. Pp. xlvi + 464 with frontispiece. London : Heinemann (Loeb Series), 1925. ios. net. T H I S volume of the Loeb series comprises Hiero, Agesilaus, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, Ways and Means, On the Cavalry Commander, On the Art of Horsemanship, On Hunting. There is a useful and sufficient Introduction, in the course of which Mr. Marchant defends the genuineness of all these tracts, excepting only some sections of that On Hunting. The translation is executed with skill, althqugh in places it seems less close to the Greek than the Loeb tradition is supposed to require (e.g., p. 155, 'where modesty is apt to be conspicuous by its absence from the board' for fi(6' $>vwcp (tat cXa^ton; al8as irapaylyverai). The text followed is that of Sauppe, but a considerable number of corrections from other sources are accepted and duly indicated in the footnotes. At Ages. III. 2 (p. 100) the divergence of the translation from the text is insufficiently explained in the note. If ev "urdi (in Hiero XI. 7) ' is not right,' as the footnote asserts, why is it retained in the text and translated ? The MSS. have cv «r« which, says Mr. Marchant, 'perhaps conceals evftalpa>v ?<m'—surely a hazardous conjecture ! «irv;p}y ?<r« or ei>Tv)(T)<reis (after irapcxys) would be preferable. P. 355 (bottom) is another place where text and translation appear to diverge; and, in view of the footnote, it is strange that the text in Hunting II. 7 should be retained unaltered. The explanatory notes on the technique of riding and hunting are specially full and admirable—so far, at least, as can be judged by one who cannot claim to be either a poacher or a jockey. Of misprints I have noticed Kvrjpa (for KTrjpa), p. 56 ; toubles, P93 ; vex^i-piiov, p. 100. R. G. BURY.


It has been suggested that diffuse ionized gas can extend all the way to the end of the H I disc, and even beyond, such as in the case of the warped galaxy NGC 253 (Bland-Hawthorn et al.). Detecting ionized gas at these radii could carry significant implications as to the distribution of dark matter in galaxies. With the aim of detecting this gas, we carried out a deep Hα kinematical analysis of two Sculptor group galaxies, NGC 247 and 300. The Fabry-Perot data were taken at the 36-cm Marseille Telescope in La Silla, Chile, offering a large field of view. With almost 20 hours of observations for each galaxy, very faint diffuse emission is detected. Typical emission measures of 0.1 cm -6 pc are reached. For NGC 247, emission extending up to a radius comparable with that of the HI disc (r ~ 13 arcmin) is found, but no emission is seen beyond the H I disc. For NGC 300, we detect ionized gas on the entirety of our field of view (r max ~ 14 arcmin), and find that the bright H II regions are embedded in a diffuse background. Using the deep data, extended optical rotation curves are obtained, as well as mass models. These are the most extended optical rotation curves thus far for these galaxies. We find no evidence suggesting that NGC 247 has a warped disc, and to account for our non-detection of Hα emission beyond its H I disc, as opposed to the warped galaxy NGC 253, our results favour the model in which, only through a warp, ionization by hot young stars in the central region of a galaxy can let photons escape and ionize the interstellar medium in the outer parts.


of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ROBUST NONLINEAR ATTITUDE CONTROLWITH DISTURBANCE COMPENSATION By Kevin J Walchko May 2003 Chair: Paul Mason Cochair: John Schueller Major Department: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Attitude control of small spacecraft is a particularly important component for many missions in the space program: Hubble Space Telescope for observing the cosmos, GPS satellites for navigation, SeaWiFS for studying phytoplankton concentrations in the ocean, etc. Typically designers use proportional derivative control because it is simple to understand and implement. However this method lacks robustness in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. Thus to improve the fidelity of this simulation, two disturbances were included, fuel slosh and solar snap. Fuel slosh is the unwanted movement of fuel inside of a fuel tank. The fuel slosh model used for the satellite represents each sloshing mode as a mass-spring-damper. The mass represents the wave of fuel that propagates across the tank, the damper represents the baffling that hinders the movement, and the spring represents the force imparted to the spacecraft when the wave impacts the tank wall. This formulation makes the incorporation


The DF4,DF8 and DF11 series diesel locomotive with C0-C0 axle-type is no longer suited to haul heavy train of 5000 t.It is a better technical measure to develop high power diesel locomotive with 8-axle.The dynamic performance of 8-axle locomotive with B0-B0+B0-B0 is very good,especially in passing curve.But it is very difficult to design the axle box because of increment in the length of the body and the height of locomotive.The structure of axle box is very different from one of common axle box of pivoted arm.Calculation result shows that the axle box of new structure can meet strength requirement.


This descriptive narrative depicts an academic program that deploys a collaborative project model for delivering concurrent multimedia courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Applying this model, online master's students who are studying the management of technical communication activities remotely manage teams of on-campus undergraduate students who are studying multimedia production skills. The author piloted the collaborative project model during a recent academic term. Student response to the format was overwhelmingly positive from both graduates and undergraduates, and the resulting projects were of exceptional quality and well received by their respective clients.


This paper investigates the modeling of risk due to market and funding liquidity by capturing the joint dynamics of three time series: the treasury-Eurodollar spread, the VIX, and a metric derived from the S&P 500 spread. We propose a two-regime mean-reverting model for explaining the behaviour of three time series, which mirror liquidity levels for financial markets. An expectation-maximisation algorithm in conjunction with multivariate filters is employed to construct optimal parameter estimates of the proposed model. The selection of the modeling set-up is justified by balancing the best-fit criterion and model complexity. The model performance is demonstrated on historical market data, and a descriptive analysis of the different liquidity measures shows the presence of clear high and low states.


Communication is an integral task for any distributed work group. As the work environment becomes less structured, it becomes harder for teams who are not collocated to coordinate and communicate about essential matters that might be integral to their productivity. More often than not, communication is not the only task an individual is engaged in, but one that occurs in parallel and is closely dependent on many others.
This project proposes a sensitive application for voice messaging and communication specifically designed for distributed workgroups. The purpose of the system is to allow groups to communicate easily on a dedicated, ongoing communication. The project will address current limitations in communication by exploring novel communication modalities using voice as a medium over the flexible Internet Protocol (IP) network. An application server is designed within an audio framework that supports different combinations of synchronous and asynchronous communication channels and archiving of voice messages.


Conventional grid-interconnected inverters for variable-speed wind turbines cannot provide synchronous power as they do not have inertia. This paper proposes an application of model following controlled (MFC) PWM inverter to grid-connected variable-speed wind generators, which is based on the parallel-connected two-generator model. The wind generator system controlled by the proposed grid connected MFC PWM inverter can behave as a virtual synchronous generator.


It is known from literature that the corrugation problem has been experienced ever since the time when the cast iron brake shoes superseded the wooden brake shoes. In many papers on corrugation it is pointed out that corrosion is a major cause of rail waviness. Recent tests have confirmed that the corrugation depth greatly decreases in dry tunnels and under broad bridges. The influence of wheel slide is briefly discussed. Minimising the corrugation problem by damping the natural vibrations of the rails should be investigated.


The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is a component of the pattern recognition receptors on monocytes that recognizes a variety of molecules. CD36 expression in monocytes depends on exposure to soluble mediators. We demonstrate here that CD36 expression is induced in human monocytes following exposure to IL‐13, a Th2 cytokine, via the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway. Induction of CD36 protein was paralleled by an increase in CD36 mRNA. The PPARγ pathway was demonstrated using transfection of a PPARγ expression plasmid into the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, expressing very low levels of PPARγ, and in peritoneal macrophages from PPARγ‐conditional null mice. We also show that CD36 induction by IL‐13 via PPARγ is dependent on phospholipase A2 activation and that IL‐13 induces the production of endogenous 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐prostaglandin J2, an endogenous PPARγ ligand, and its nuclear localization in human monocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that CD36 and PPARγ are involved in IL‐13‐mediated phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum‐parasitized erythrocytes. These results reveal a novel role for PPARγ in the alternative activation of monocytes by IL‐13, suggesting that endogenous PPARγ ligands, produced by phospholipase A2 activation, could contribute to the biochemical and cellular functions of CD36.


An on-farm investigative development approach has been used to evaluate the performance of eight dryland forage grass species over a period of eighteen months in the Hakataremea Valley, South Canterbury. Species under exaolination included Black Mountain rye (Secale montanum), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), upland brome (Bromus marginatus), smooth brome (Bromus iriermis), wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), tall oat grass (A"henathenim elatius) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). At this site Black Mountain rye is highly promising as a palatable and drought, frost and pest tolerant species that provides large amounts of special purpose greenfeed particularly in early spring and autumn. Cocksfoot, tall oat grass, smooth brome and wheatgrass also have potential as productive and sustainable pasture grasses with wide seasonal growth pattenis. In contrast, perennial ryegrass appears to possess few of these valued agronomic attributes.


Investment is important factor related to creatingjob opportunities. This study analyses the trend of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and its role to absorbed labour force. Explanatory method used in order to explain the characteristics of the industry and the panel regression to calculate the elasticity of labor absorption to FD/. The data is collected from the Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board (BKP M) in period of 2002 to 2007. The data shows the several findings. First, the chemical and pharmaceutical industry gets the highest value of the total FDI, which is 26.88 percent of total FDI, but gives a small contribution to the labor absorption. Second, the textile industry is the most labour absorbing even though it has lower value of total FDI. Third, the leather and textile industry are the most efficient industries. The Last, the pool/east square regression shows that U.S. $ 370 investment is required to absorb one labor. Keywords: Foreign direct investment (FDJ), labor absorption, industry.


The study aims to clarify that words and sentences in the Holy Quran and Sunnah are rich in examples of sustainable management and development principles and their respective applications. In addition, the study confirms to non- believers living in this modern civilized world (Muslims or non- Muslims) that Islam supports and reinforces the implementation of sustainable management and development. It also highlights that Islam is suitable for all Mankind, wherever, whenever, and however, all through the span of life on this earth. The results of this study confirms that the Holy Quran and Sunnah are very rich in their terminology including words, sentences and phrases of sustainable management and development; Also Implementation of sustainable management and development is compulsory in Islam. In conclusion, the study offers some recommendations to increase and enhance awareness about Sustainable management and development such as the importance of legalization (Issuing legislations) to implement sustainable management and development based on Quran and Sunnah; Furthermore Islamic countries should support civilized human nature research which spreads Islam's respect and Kindness towards other communities،


In this study the level of object mastery motivation between children with Down's syndrome and children without disabilities of matched mental age was investigated. Data were collected through structured observations of all the children playing with four different educational toys of increasing complexity. Four variables were examined: task pleasure, task persistence, success and off-task behaviour. A one-way ANOVA revealed both statistically significant and nonsignificant differences between groups. Participants from both groups displayed age-appropriate behaviour when playing with the toys. Those with disabilities interacted less than the comparison group with the effect-production and sensori-motor tasks (the easier tasks), whereas, with the more difficult problem-solving tasks, both groups persisted equally. It is suggested that successful attempts elicit persistence on less complex tasks, whereas on the more sophisticated ones this effect is obtained by the challenging nature of the task.


This qualitative study explores the work experience of teachers and principals at Unified Comprehensive Schools ( ucs ). Data was collected in Finland by means of a questionnaire from seven different ucs . The study reveals several challenges and problems in ucs , e.g.: multiple buildings, rush and time management, combining subject teacher and class teacher culture, and increased workload. Nonetheless, more than half of the teachers enjoyed their diverse working environment and would rather choose to work at ucs than at lower (grades 1–6) or upper (grades 7–9) schools only. The greatest wish for development, and the solution to many problems would be having a single-bodied school 'under one roof.' If the implementation of ucs is successful it shall provide much improvement for pupils; unbroken learning paths from 1st to 9th grade, easy transition from one school level to the other, familiar school environment and collaboration among pupils of different ages. As for the school administration, ucs offers a unique opportunity for efficient and economic use of teachers, classroom resources and facilities.


In this paper we present two novel approaches for enhancing active thermography for nondestructive testing: the hybrid camera setup is used to merge IR images with additional color images to provide the inspector with additional information on the screen. In order to make the evaluation of the data even more intuitive a real-view setup is presented that uses a projection technique to let the inspector view and interact with the measurement results directly on the part in a very intuitive way.


Condition indicators are significant elements in condition monitoring systems. A condition indicator (CI) performance assessment method would help users to select effective CIs and improve fault diagnosis performance of condition monitoring system (CMS). Investigating of measurement influence factors shows that CIs obey normal distribution. Taking advantage of signal detection theory, a CI assessment method is proposed; Discriminability Index is used to evaluate ability of CIs to distinguish fault from health. Finally, the method is validated with experimental signals of bearing and gear, the result show that this method is effective to assess CI performance, and it could help to select CIs in CMS system.


In Chinese UHV projects,such key equipments as 1 000 kV transformer,1 000 kV lightning arrester,1 000 kV instrument transformer are all developed independently.1 000 kV voltage transformers are used for metering electric energy of UHV power line.There are four kinds of voltage transformer for UHV,i.e.1 000 kV column-type capacitor voltage transformer,1 000 kV tank-type capacitor voltage transformer,1 000 kV tank-type inductive voltage transformer,and 1 000 kV electronic voltage transformer.The first one is suitable for air insulated substation;the others are suitable for gas insulated switchgear.In this paper,the applications of the 1 000 kV voltage transformers both at home and abroad are introduced,their types and principles are described,the main parameters of different types of 1 000 kV voltage transformers are analyzed,and the development of the 1 000 kV voltage transformers used for UHV projects in China are discussed.Moreover,the important performances of different kinds of 1 000 kV voltage transformers are analyzed with emphasis on comparisons of the insulation performances and error characteristics of different tank-type voltage transformers.This study may provide a guide for structure selection of 1 000 kV voltage transformers in Chinese UHV projects.


Local brokers are thought to possess fine-grained information on voters' political preferences, material needs, and even social preferences. Research on clientelism assumes that party brokers or local leaders meet the most basic informational requirement of knowing voters' partisan preferences if not their votes. This assumption drives theoretical predictions on which voters politicians target with benefits, whether or not a quid pro quo exchange of benefits for votes is an efficient electoral strategy relative to programmatic distribution, and how we should expect brokers to behave more broadly. Nonetheless, this scholarship does not test this assumption and analysis of variation in brokers' ability to identify voters' partisan preferences has not been conducted. To test this assumption, this paper develops a behavioral measure, guessability based on whether or not village council presidents in Rajasthan, India can correctly guess the partisan preferences of voters survey in their local areas. I find guessability to be lower than existing research expects. Local leaders can identify the partisan preferences of voters who are easiest to guess due to their demographic characteristics or location in co-partisan networks, but are poor at identifying those whose partisan preferences are less obvious or less stable. This has important implications for how we understand targeted distribution in rural India.


In the quest for a robot arm, which is capable of mechanical interaction with humans, biology can be a good source of inspiration. After all, the human arm is the best example of such a manipulator. A comparison between the human movement apparatus and an industrial robot arm reveals the most important criteria: the actuators of a human-like robot arm should have high compliance, no dry friction and low weight. The proposed solution combines air bearing technology and pneumatics to obtain a compact system with high performance. A thorough identification of the plant enables the design of a specialized controller which compensates for the plant nonlinearities like the dead zone of the pneumatic proportional valves. The prototype of the force controlled, frictionless pneumatic actuator (FPA) has a bandwidth of about 50 Hz and, compared to traditional robot drives, an extremely high compliance (or low stiffness) even for disturbances above the controller bandwidth.


In this assay we propose to study the phenomenon of the presupposition, on two different points of view: the linguistic one and the pragmatic one. We are in accordance to Ducrot to deal with the study of presupposition as a linguistic factor; well he is concerned with what is inscribed in the language, not about ideologies that goes around it, because he prioritizes the linguistic context (not the pragmatic one). As a basis to the study of the presupposition as a pragmatic factor we are in accordance to Austin, who, on the other hand, considers the presupposition as a condition to the employment of the enunciation, he transfers the analysis of a sentence and its parts to the conditions of the use of the sentence.


The relevance of the research topic is due to the rapid development of the IT sphere in the countries of the world, the acceleration of the processes of digitization of the economy and the life of society. Despite on the fact that the IT sphere of Ukraine has been developing dynamically in recent years, the process of its regulation is characterized by a number of shortcomings and problematic issues that need to be resolved. For this purpose, it is expedient to first thoroughly study the relevant prerequisites for its development in the international dimension. The paper is devoted to the assessment of international comparators of prerequisites that affect the effectiveness of regulating of the IT sphere of Ukraine development. The purpose of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the prerequisites for the regulation of the development of the IT sphere of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union, and to substantiate on its basis directions for the activation of the activities of the subjects of economic activity in this sphere. Attention is focused on the importance of conducting a comparative analysis and drawing up ratings of indicators in relation to the countries of the European Union, taking into account the course of the European integration chosen by Ukraine. The comparative analysis was conducted and ratings of the countries of the European Economic Area and Ukraine were formed based on indicators of network readiness, using of information and communication technologies, development of infrastructure for ICT, development of digital skills. The level of readiness of countries for the introduction of artificial intelligence and its components (readiness of the government, technological sector, data and infrastructure) was studied. The comparison was made of the results of the grouping of countries by GDP per capita with the level of information provision and readiness for the introduction of artificial intelligence. The ways of further regulation of the development of the IT sphere in Ukraine were outlined, including financial and investment support, strengthening international cooperation, improving labor relations, bridging the digital divide and developing digital skills.


Lifting preferences over candidates to preferences over sets of candidates allows us to give a very natural notion of manipulability for social choice functions. In particular, we give simple conditions over the liftings entailing the manipulability of reasonable social choice functions. Our result is a weak version of Barbera and Kelly's Theorem, indeed it can be obtained from this last Theorem. However, we give a direct and very natural proof of our manipulability Theorem which is informative about the nature of the liftings allowing manipulability.


Knee malalignment in coronal and sagittal can alter knee biomechanics especially in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee that easily underdiagnosed and can endangered the reconstructed ACL to failure. Varus deformity is one of the coronal knee malalignment that shown increased tension on ACL and contribute to medial compartment degeneration. Sagittal malalignment also shown related effects on native ACL and reconstructed one. Increased posterior tibial slope will increase anterior tibia translation in weight-bearing and increase stress received by the reconstructed ACL. Eventually will leads to failure of the reconstructed ACL. High tibial osteotomy (HTO) can be utilized for deformity correction to create more biomechanically stable knee. ACL reconstruction can be performed simultaneously with HTO to achieve better outcomes and reduce re-tear rate of the reconstructed ACL.


In this paper we prove that the weighted linear combination of products of the k-subsets of an n-set of positive real numbers with weight being the harmonic mean of their reciprocal sets is less than or equal to uniformly weighted sum of products of the k-subsets with weight being the harmonic mean of the whole reciprocal set.


The effectiveness of a management accounting system depends not only on the appropriateness of its technical characteristics to the particular organizational and environmental circumstances to which it is applied, but also on the way in which organizational participants make use of the information that it provides. It is a commonplace that accounting information is often ignored, sometimes manipulated, and even falsified by those to whom it is provided. Many of the reported examples (see Rosen and Sneck [1967], Lowe and Shaw [1968], Mintzberg [1975], and Yetton [1976]) indicate that dysfunctional behavior frequently stems from the fact that the information provided by the accounting system does not adequately match the complexity of the underlying organizational and economic events; but it is also evident that distortion of information can occur even when the accounting system itself is technically adequate. Such distortion is a consequence of the divergence of individual goals from those of the organization and most commonly manifests itself in attempts to make accounting reports reflect more favorably on an individual's contribution to overall organizational performance. Although evidence in anecdotal form abounds (for example, Dearden [1960] and Schiff and Lewin [1970]), little consideration has been given to the type of circumstances in which manipulation of accounting data occurs. It is important to know whether distortion of accounting information is inevitable and can therefore be limited only by ever stricter methods


The consumers are most disadvantaged part of the market and are in that the litigation for common man is costly and time consuming and hence getting justice disadvantageous due to the non-fortification of their rights they are suffering from lots of undersigned elements such as misleading advertisements, underweight goods, unsatisfied services etc. Subsequently the battle for consumer protection has to be fought by many consumer associations, agencies and Non-governmental associations. After that a major breakthrough came during 1986 when the parliament of India passed a law for consumer protection Act, 1986. Three tier quasi-judicial machinery was set up at District, state and national levels with a view to provide speedy and simple redress to consumer dispute.The objective of the consumer courts is to ensure speedy justice to the consumers against various malpractices and negligence without involving any cost, as no court fees are charged. Consumer's court has been set up as special court, as it was expensive and time consuming to get justice through civil court.These courts are framed by the government to help the consumers and connected to Indian judiciary system which caters to several consumer grievances. Thus the consumer forum is an alternative and cheapest remedy available to the aggrieved persons/consumers/ by way of civil suit. In complaint/appeal/petition filed before the consumer forum, a consumer is not required to pay any court fees or even process fees proceedings are summary in nature and endeavor is made to grant relief to the parties in quicker possible time keeping in mind the spirit of the Consumer protection Act, 1986. In welfare state, the protection of consumer's interest can never be over emphasized. The consumers in India like other countries, belonging to the unorganized sector. Consequently, united efforts on their part to protect their interest against unscrupulous activities of the trade and business have become almost impossible. These conditions of the consumer have not been changed appreciably despite some scattered efforts made by the consumers to protect their interest through co-operation movements and other institutional means.


Cardiovascular diseases(CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence from observational and randomized controlled studies showing the potential benefits of green tea on lowering CVD risk has been emerging rapidly during the past few decades.These benefits include reduced risk for major cardiovascular events, lowering of blood pressure, decreased LDL cholesterollevels and weight loss.At the same time, the understanding of physiological mechamismsbehind these alterations is advancing.Consumption of green tea originates from China thousands of years ago, but has since expanded all over the world.Recent advances in understanding the role of tea polyphenols, mainly catechins,as mediators of tea's health benefits has caused an emergence of various types of green teaextracts(GTE) on the market. While drinking green tea is generally considered safe, there are concerns about thesafety of using tea extracts. The present article reviews the current evidence of green tea consumption leading to reducedCVD risk, the phenomenon's potential biological mechanisms and the safety of using GTE.


Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to make the first attempt to examine franchisee personality within the context of alternative franchisee ownership structures (single unit versus multiple unit ownership) and service type (standardised versus customised).

Design/methodology/approach

– A self‐report mail survey was used in the paper to collect data from a random sample of 363 franchisees drawn from 83 franchise groups. Personality was represented by the Big‐Five personality traits (IPIP‐B5 scales), two dimensions of Empathy (IRI scales of empathic perspective taking and empathic concern) and Emotional Intelligence (EIS). Two separate between‐subjects MANOVAs were conducted for each of the independent variables.

Findings

– Significant differences were found between franchisee ownership groups on four personality measures (conscientiousness, emotional stability, empathic perspective taking and emotional intelligence) and service type groups on two measures (extraversion and empathic perspective taking). Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Research limitation/implications

– Future research should investigate the personality of franchisors and different types of franchisees within the context of organisational outcomes such as franchisee performance, commitment, organisational learning and intention to remain and grow within the network (within different international settings).

Originality/value

– This paper supplements the channels literature by using standard personality measures to differentiate franchisees that are likely to engage in different behaviours within franchise systems.


Key findings. Part 1 Incapacity, social security and employment: the systems of benefits for the sick recipients of sickness and disability benefits disabled people in, or on the margins of, unemployment. Part 2 Explaining the lack of movement into work: attachment to work the barriers to work hours and earnings DWA: reduced disincentives? Part 3 DWA claimants: claiming DWA recipients of DWA.


An activity of human being to change nature's ecological environment and an indivizibility of social production and labour from nature's ecological environment bring forth a duality of result to existance and development of human being.A popularity increase can not exceed the limit of environmental content of popularity of which consciousness makes china change from the over-loaded quantity of popularity to the suitable scope of popularity on the basis of resources environment.


Despite the importance of the vestibular system for the maintenance of posture and equilibrium, as may be inferred from the numerous secondary connections of the central nuclei, relatively few observations have been made concerning the behavior of higher mammals, such as the monkey, after carefully controlled experimental lesions of the vestibular system have been produced. A great number of observations have been made on lower forms, such as the rabbit, cat and dog. A complete bibliography of all the experiments preceding those of the last few years may be found in the writings of Camis, 1 Griffith, 2 Maxwell 3 and Magnus. 4 So far as we can determine reference has been made in only two contributions to the effects on behavior of lesions of endorgans in the monkey. Beyer and Lewandowsky 5 mentioned briefly the effects of the removal of an inner ear in one monkey, and in addition


Near surface wind velocity and temperature at 0.5 m,1.0 m,8.0 m and 16 m were measured during a dust storm in Minqin in April 24,2010,and the measuring frequency of wind velocity and temperature was all 50 Hz.Measurement results show that the dust storm presented a severe dust storm type during the first two hours,then into dust storm type.The wind speed during April 24 to 27 underwent three stages which contained an increasing period,a contemporary stable period and a decreasing period.Analysis of the wind and temperature of the first stage(from 19:00 of April 24 to 18:00 of the next day) showed that the fluctuation of temperature increased sharply during the severe dust storm period,the reason for that was the transportation of temperature caused by horizontal advection,while the variations of the mean and fluctuation intensity of temperature in the following dust storm period were basically caused by radiation change.Calculation results showed that the probability distribution of temperature fluctuation was Gaussian distribution,indicating that the dust particles had no influence on the distribution of temperature.Spectrum analysis confirmed the existence of a buoyancy scaling region in the frequency range below 1 Hz,either at night or daytime;while the temperature spectra were apparently different at night and day for the frequency higher than 1 Hz.


The current research aims to find out whether the model of the retailer's relational satisfaction, developed in a western setting is relevant in a different economic and cultural field of investigation: the Tunisian post 2011 revolution's emerging context, and in a different industry: the retail industry. It explores the distinctive economic and cultural features that affect the retailer's relational satisfaction with its consumer goods manufacturers. The study employs a survey based on a face-to-face administered questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty four responses from a survey with Tunisian retailers as well as international retailers operating in Tunisia were obtained. All constructs are measured using five-point Likert type scales (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Analyses are conducted using exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The results support the original model with however some differences derived from the Tunisian economic setting as a whole, the characteristics of the Tunisian consumer goods industry as well as the clan characteristic feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture. Thus, the amount of discounts obtained, does no longer contribute to the retailer's economic satisfaction. Moreover, when it comes to social satisfaction, the respondents get uncomfortable, even to deal with a potential negative interaction with their suppliers. For retail companies involved in internationalization in the Maghreb Region, and especially in Tunisia, it seems that other competitive advantages than prices are to be developed, such as the development of private label or other services that create positive perceived value for the Tunisian customer. From a cultural standpoint, western managers have rather to go away from a formalized channel relationship management, while taking into account the importance of interpersonal influence. The study sheds light on the heterogeneity of the so-called Arab-Muslim world. This is highlighted in the management of channel relationship in Tunisia, that is influenced by: (1) The government's price regulation and control, especially in many food products; (2) The relative weak importance of discounts in gaining retailer's economic satisfaction; (3) The reshaping of the local retailing sector due to the arrival of international retail companies; (4) The clan feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture that advocates putting priority on interpersonal influence in channel relationship's management.


Counterproductive work behaviors(CWBs) refer to voluntary employee actions aimed at damaging organizational interests,and threatening the well-being of the organization or its members.It has been found to be not only detrimental for organizational survival and effectiveness,but also harmful for employees' satisfaction and performance.Current organizational theory and empirical research has acknowledged that abusive supervision is positively related to employee CWBs.In recent years,researchers have increasingly realized that the more abusive supervision in the workplace,not the worse-that more abusive supervision decreases employee negative work-related outcomes.Drawing from hostile and instrumental motives and the interactionist perspective,the present paper hypothesizes that the relationships between abusive supervision and CWBs(Organizational CWB,Interpersonal CWB) are curvilinear(inverted U-shaped) rather than linear and that subordinate job embeddedness moderates these curvilinear associations.Using data from 674 employees in 93 companies from Fujian and Guangdong Province in China,we firstly tested the model using confirmatory factor analysis and then tested the hypotheses using hierarchical regression analysis.The results found support for the inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationships between abusive supervision and two types of CWBs;specifically,when abusive supervision was at a moderate level rather than at very low or very high levels,employees exhibited more CWBO and CWBI.In addition,the results revealed that such curvilinear patterns only existed when job embeddedness was low,and the relationships between abusive supervision and CWBs were linear and positive when job embeddedness was high.Accordingly,the study has several theoretical implications:firstly,this motivational explanation affirms and extends the previous framework that abusive supervision facilitates subordinates' CWBs.Secondly,our results for these curvilinear relationships are generally consistent with findings from research on tyrannical leadership and leader-member exchange,and answer the calls from researchers such as Pierce and Aguinis.Finally,the results for the moderating role of job embeddedness deepen our understanding of the abusive supervision-CWBs association,and provide empirical support for the effect of job embeddedness on work behaviors such as actual turnover and organizational citizenship behaviors.Practically,the findings show that managers should monitor the level of supervisors' abusive behaviors,and provide appropriate managerial trainings to them and encourage them to relieve negative feelings in proper ways.Moreover,managers should fully understand the motives under employee CWBs.If employees engage in CWBs to remind organizations of the existence of abusive supervisors,managers should focus on regulating their supervisors.Finally,the results indicate that abusive supervisors are more detrimental for subordinates with high level of job embeddedness.Therefore,it is more necessary for these supervisors to be careful of their actions.Notably,this study has the following limitations.Firsdy,all of the key variables(abusive supervision,CWBs and job embeddedness) were reported by the focal employee.As a consequence,common method bias may play a role in the present article.Secondly,our data was collected by using a cross-sectional design,making the causeeffect inference precluded.Future research should utilize longitudinal or experimental design to examine the causal status of the proposed relationships.Finally,as the underlying mechanism,we did not measure hostile and instrumental motives.Future research should directly test these two motivations.


The heavy\|chain and light\|chain variable region genes of an anti alpha\|toxin hybridoma cell line (1A8) were amplified by RT\|PCR and joined by a flexible DNA linker encoding peptide (Gly\-4Ser)\-3 as a single\|chain Fv (ScFv) DNA fragment. The ScFv\|1A8 DNA fragment was cloned into a plasmid pGEM\|T and sequenced. The ScFv gene consists of 726 bp encoding 242 amino acid residues. Both V\-H and V\-L genes were confirmed as functionally rearranged mouse immunoglobulin variable region gene segments. The variable region gene segments of ScFv\|1A8 belong to mouse Ig heavy chain subgroup Ⅱ(A) and kappa light chain subgroup Ⅳ, respectively. Then the ScFv DNA fragment was cloned into expression vector pHOG21 and highly expressed in E. coli XL\|BLUE. The ScFv could be expressed in the soluble periplasmic supernatant and its molecular weight was 31 kD. The expressed ScFv could neutralize phospholipase C activities of alpha\|toxin and could provide protection for mice from the challenge of lethal dose of alpha\|toxin of Clostridium perfrigens type A. The results showed that the expressed ScFv had potential valuable use in alpha\|toxin toxicosis therapy.


Abstract In the present study a mathematical model for the hydro-magnetic non-Newtonian blood flow in the non-Darcy porous medium with a heat source and Joule effect is proposed. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicular to the porous surface. The governing non-linear partial differential equations have been solved numerically by applying the explicit finite difference Method (FDM). The effects of various parameters such as the Reynolds number, hydro-magnetic parameter, Forchheimer parameter, Darcian parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number, heat source parameter, Schmidt number on the velocity, temperature and concentration have been examined with the help of graphs. The present study finds its applications in surgical operations, industrial material processing and various heat transfer operations.


This research aims to analyze the impact of implementing an effective principal's leadership style on improving teacher performance at Primaganda High School. School principals play an important role in establishing a positive work climate, providing clear direction, and providing motivation and support to teachers. This research involves case studies in several schools as a basis for analyzing the relationship between school principal leadership styles and teacher performance. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. These three techniques were used to collect data from teachers regarding their perceptions of the principal's leadership style and understand the deeper views of principals and teachers. This data is then analyzed to identify patterns and possible relationships between leadership styles and teacher performance. The results of this research indicate that school principals who implement effective leadership styles, such as providing ongoing support, providing clear direction, and encouraging teacher professional development, tend to have a positive influence on teacher performance. Teachers who feel strong support and direction from their principal tend to be more motivated, innovate, and produce better learning outcomes. To improve teacher performance, school principals always motivate teachers and employees. Obstacles faced by school principals in improving teacher performance through situational leadership include resistance to change, identification of teacher readiness levels and the need for appropriate time management.


Binary manipulators are powered by actuators which have only two stable states. Therefore, they can reach only a discrete (but possibly large) number of locations. Compared to a manipulator built with continuous actuators, a binary manipulator provides reasonable performance, and is relatively inexpensive (up to an order of magnitude cheaper). The number of states of a binary manipulator grows exponentially with the number of actuators. This makes the calculation of its inverse kinematics quite difficult. This paper presents a combinatorial method for computing the inverse kinematics of a binary manipulator that reduces the search space to a manageable size. It also creates reasonably smooth motions that follow a specified trajectory accurately (in both position and orientation), despite the discrete nature of binary actuation.


The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between hematological and biochemical parameters and tuberculosis process activity time according to clinical complaint duration. It was a retrospective study analyzing medical records from 80 pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Botucatu Medical School University Hospital (Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil), who were divided into 2 groups according to clinical complaint duration: Group 1 (G1) - up to three months; Group 2 (G2) - over three months. Parameters included: age, gender, bacilloscopy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), platelet count, alpha1-globulin, alpha2-globulin, gamma globulin, mucoprotein, alpha1-acid glycoprotein values, and the presence of risk factors such as smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, sexual promiscuity, contact with tuberculosis carriers, and previous treatment. Groups were compared by calculating t and p, and Chi-square (X2) and p. Comparisons revealed a tendency towards smoking with a higher frequency of smokers in G1 (0.05 0.05). A correlation was found between ESR, platelet count, smoking and less than three months clinical duration.


This is a brief review of my work on the correspondence between four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric field theories realized by brane tilings and two-dimensional integrable lattice models. I explain how to construct integrable lattice models from extended operators in partially topological quantum field theories, and elucidate the correspondence as an application of this construction.


The City-Wide Sanitation project originates as a response to the failures of conventional approaches to urban sanitation, many of which are described in SHARE's Urban Sanitation Pathfinder paper www.shareresearch.org/Resource/Details/pathfinderpaper_urbansanitation. The City-Wide Sanitation Project is being implemented in four countries: Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Tanzania. The Project employs 'action research' to develop and test an approach to pro-poor city-wide sanitation strategies that can be adopted and driven by Federations, networks of community organizations and residents' associations, and supported by public authorities and private providers.


Euclidean distance and cosine similarity are frequently used measures to implement the k-means clustering algorithm. The cosine similarity is widely used because of it's independence from document length, allowing the identification of patterns, more specifically, two documents can be seen as identical if they share the same words but have different frequencies. However, during each clustering iteration new centroids are still computed following Euclidean distance. Based on a consideration of these two measures we propose the k-Communities clustering algorithm (k-C) which changes the computing of new centroids when using cosine similarity. It begins by selecting the seeds considering a network of tags where a community detection algorithm has been implemented. Each seed is the document which has the greater degree inside its community. The experimental results found through implementing external evaluation measures show that the k-C algorithm is more effective than both the k-means and k-means++. Besides, we implemented all the external evaluation measures, using both a manual and an automatic "Ground Truth", and the results show a great correlation which is a strong indicator that it is possible to perform tests with this kind of measures even if the dataset structure is unknown.


SIKDER, CHANDAN. Design and Controller Optimization of Switched Reluctance and Flux Switching PM Machines (Under the direction of Dr. Iqbal Husain). This dissertation presents the design, modeling, control and implementation of two different radial flux electric machine topologies that use the same type of rotor with several specific objectives and requirements. Flux Switching PM (FSPM) machine is one of those machines which can be seen as an improved or modified version of the other which is the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) with better performance and higher power density. A novel control technique for SRM is developed to maximize efficiency for a wide speed range. A geometry based analytical model was used to establish the concept and develop the control algorithm. Based on the simulation results, a correlation have been found between Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) system efficiency and DC-link current ripple. A novel control algorithm has been developed that dynamically varies the commutation angles for the machine operation based on the required and commanded DC-link current along with continuously monitoring the ripple in DC-link current. The algorithm is implemented and successfully tested on a 1kW SRM drive. This control concept can generally be applied to any SRM for all speed ranges. FSPM machine is one of the newer topologies that emerged as a potential alternative candidate to the existing popular topologies due to its ability to combine most of the features and advantages of SRM and conventional PM machines into one structure. This dissertation presents a methodology for designing low torque ripple FSPM by addressing the issue of cogging torque by rotor pole shaping. A generalized design rule on rotor pole shaping has been developed using permeance based model for cogging torque minimization. The proposed pole shaping is shown to minimize the torque ripple to up to 97% with only 5.34% sacrifice on the average torque. The issue of noise, vibration and stator deformation are also addressed from a design perspective. An analytical model has been proposed and verified with FEA to account for the natural mode frequencies of the segmented stator of FSPM. Based on the analytical model of natural mode frequencies, another design rule has been proposed to improve the noise and vibration characteristics of the machine. The proposed design modification reduces noise by 7-8 dB at all the operating speeds, whereas the stator deformation is within acceptable limits as found from structural FEA. An accurate machine model incorporating saturation and mutual coupling has been developed using FEA based dand q-axes flux linkage characteristics. The performance of the motor drive has been verified before fabrication using a coupled simulation of the FEA machine model and a dynamic simulation model of the controller and drive. An experimental prototype of the designed 0.5kW, 12/10 FSPM machine was constructed with non-rare earth PM applying the design rules for reduction of cogging torque and acoustic noise. Based on the developed machine model and coupled simulation, stator field oriented vector controller has been implemented in the experimental setup. No-load back EMF, steady state torque and phase current waveforms have been collected from the experimental setup to evaluate and verify the motor drive system performance at different operating speeds and for up to 200% rated load. All the tests show excellent correlation to the FEA analysis and cosimulation results. In addition, a steady state heat run test was also performed to examine the temperature rise in different parts of the machine according to the losses. © Copyright 2016 Chandan Sikder All Rights Reserved Design and Controller Optimization of Switched Reluctance and Flux Switching PM Machines


First, the [FAS research] policy should encourage the notion that ideas or creative works produced at the University should be used for the greatest possible public benefit. This would normally mean the widest possible dissemination and use of such ideas or materials. Second, the policy should protect the traditional rights of scholars with respect to the products of their intellectual endeavors. For example, the policy should not interfere with the right of a scholar to decide to publish a book or an article and, if so, when and under what circumstances.
Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences Grey Book.
La presentacion ofrece las iniciativas tomadas por la Universidad de Harvard siguiendo esta filosofia.


The paper presents a recently completed English-Swedish vocabulary of words and expressions found in the texts of the official documents of the European Communities/European Union (EU). As the largest group of prospective users are translators, the vocabulary combines the features of a terminological dictionary and a reference guide to the current usage of the EU language. The general features of the Vocabulary are outlined and two important problems involved in the compilation of special language vocabularies are discussed identification of headwords and providing access to multiword lexical units.


A double planetary gear train type continuously variable automatic transmission mechanism, comprising engaging an input, two output planetary gear train, two central axis of the sun gear mounted in the machine housing, an input gear or the output gear and the first sun gear of the gear train the second ring gear in the gear train with the output gear or the input gear, the input shaft, an output shaft rotatably mounted on the machine housing, a first gear train and the planet carrier of the second gear train is fixed to the sun gear , the first gear train and the second ring gear of the gear train connected to the planet carrier is fixed. The present invention is by creating a circulation flow inside the power only by the external rotational angular velocity or torque effects outside of the main circulating stream of power, by changing the size of the internal circulation flow and thus the output torque and to obtain a suitable rotational angular velocity, to achieve automatic, stepless speed change function , and without hydraulic mechanism, with a relatively high economic practicality and wide.


We present the details of a model in general relativity of a small charged black hole moving in an external gravitational and electromagnetic field. The importance of our model lies in the fact that we can derive the equations of motion of the black hole from the Einstein-Maxwell vacuum field equations without encountering infinities. The key assumptions which we base our results upon are that (a) the black hole is isolated and (b) near the black hole the wave fronts of the radiation generated by its motion are smoothly deformed spheres. The equations of motion which emerge fit the pattern of the original DeWitt and Brehme equations of motion (after they ``renormalize''). Our calculations are carried out in a coordinate system in which the null hypersurface histories of the wave fronts can be specified in a simple way, with the result that we obtain a new explicit form, particular to our model, for the well-known ``tail term'' in the equations of motion.


The lifetime of the first excited state of ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{203}$ at 279 kev has been measured using the delayed coincidence technique. From analysis of the exponential decay observed with an electronic time-to-pulse-height converter, the mean life was determined to be (4.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec. The decay of this state was observed using sources of ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{203}$ and ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{203}$, both sources yielding the same mean life within statistical errors. This value of the lifetime agrees very well with the recent determination by Deutsch and Metzger utilizing the resonance fluorescence method.


Mike Ford, a biological oceanographer with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), sat rapt in front of a bank of high-definition monitors. They provided live video and data feeds from a tethered pair of instrument-laden remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) that were descending 4692 meters on their deepest dive ever. Their target: an unnamed and unexplored New England seamount discovered in the North Atlantic last year.


The invention discloses a manufacturing method for amur grape jelly powder, and belongs to the food processing field. The amur grape jelly powder is prepared by using the amur grapes as a main raw material and through the steps of pre-treating raw materials; pulping; carrying out enzyme treatment; blending; homogenizing; drying in vacuum; smashing and filtering. Through compound enzyme treatment, more nutritional substances can be separated out from the amur grapes, and utilization rate and nutritional value of the amur grapes are increased. A product is granular powder, and can be made into granular paste by adding a proper amount of water under stirring. The manufactured amur grape jelly powder is like fresh fruit pulp, and has low moisture content and high sweetness; the jelly has a bright color, a moderate sour and sweet taste, fine and soft mouthfeel, unique fruit fragrance and high nutritional health-care values; and the product has wide market prospects.


The desire and required place for providing electricity i.e. Homes, industries, markets, etc. are far away from the place where electricity is produced (power stations). It results in low efficiency and also increases the cost. It has so many dis-advantages. It may also have environmental and security issues as well. The primary objective of this resaerch is to evaluate and reduces the percentage loss. The power loss is performed for different locations. The result shows the appropriation of distributed generator in to power system. Keywords— losses reduction, Distributed generator, Radila Feeder


1. Three monitors of autonomic and metabolic function were employed to study the periodic frequency and amplitude of non-specific, spontaneous, endogenous oscillations in 18 untreated psychiatric patients at rest. Seventeen drugs were then exhibited individually to the patients and the longitudinal study continued kinetically so that their effects on these oscillations could be observed. 2. Confirmation was obtained for earlier reported findings that frequency analysis of resting spontaneous periodic oscillations of capillary blood-oxygen saturation, capillary corpuscular blood flow and skin tissue cell changes reliably distinguishes between patients with schizophrenia and those belonging to certain other psychiatric diagnostic groups. 3. The effects of drugs on these spontaneous periodicities was found to depend principally on whether or not the drug in question influenced the brain stem ascending reticular activating system. Drugs such as the phenothiazines and reserpines affecting this system brought about a frequency change in the autonomic oscillations; drugs not affecting the system did not do so. 4. Amplitude analysis showed that drugs affected the three monitors in a fashion quite different from their effects on frequency. 5. The known and suggested mechanisms of action of the ataractic drugs are reviewed and arguments suggesting a combined neurophysiological and vascular action for them are presented. 6. It is suggested that these findings offer an objective technique for the rapid clinical screening of psychopharmacologic agents.


We develop and apply a procedure to flexibly estimate intra-national border barriers and intra-regional trade costs. Bilateral border barriers very significantly depress Canadian inter-provincial trade for some pairs, though the overall effect is rather small. Bilateral distance imposes much larger inter-provincial trade costs. Contiguity between provinces accounts for little. Intra-regional trade cost variation affects relative bilateral costs and trade flows, and alters comparative statics except in a neutral case rejected by the data. Consistent trade cost aggregation procedures are developed and applied for groups of regions and/or sectors.


Assist. Prof. Ulku Bayhan academician at Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Arts and Sciences Faculty reports 'It is planned to accelerate the development and support for the photonic sciences by associating different institutions and foundations like scientific associations, labor unions, education and research institutions, technologic platforms, nonprofit organizations and private sector during 2015 International Light Year according to UNESCO program. UN aim to focus on the significant role of photonic science on reaching the sustainable development goals after applying the photonic sciences in member countries and solving of the many problems of energy, education, agriculture and health sectors by announcing International Light Year.' (Translated by BURDIL)


Sesame is the most ancient crop cultivated for its oil in the sub-continent. Its seeds contain between 50 and 54% of very good semi-drying oil, mostly with palmitic and stearic acids. The variation in oil content, oil yield, chemical composition and fatty acid composition of 4 different (till-90. P-37, till-93 and s-17) sesame verities were investigated. The oil content varied between 49.5 and 53.9%, the average being 52.1%.The percentage content of caprilic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic and stearic acids in the seed oil ranged between 16.9–21.8%, 4.7–12.5%, 16.0–19.3% and 13.9–21.5%, respectively. Oleic linoleic acids and palmitoleic acids were the minor fatty acids of sesame as sesame were about 24.3% which increases the suitability of the sesame oil for human consumption. The oil extracts exhibited good physicochemical properties and could be useful as edible oils and for industrial applications. In conclusion, the fatty acid composition of determinate types was found to be satisfactory. Results obtained showed that till-90. P-37, till-93 and s-17 contained 4.154.25% moisture, 49.5-53.9 % crude oil, 18.9622.55% crude proteins, 3.01-5% crude fiber, 3.675.1% ash.


In this paper, a new analytical methodology is proposed to estimate core losses in line-start and inverter-fed induction motors under rotor broken bars. This methodology can be utilized for different supply and load conditions. Core losses are precisely calculated taking into account the effects of nonsinusoidal distribution of the magnetic flux density due to bars breakage. Furthermore, increase of the stator current side-band components magnitude is considered to estimate Ohmic losses accurately. In order to calculate the above-mentioned losses, distribution of the magnetic flux density and stator currents of the induction motor is simulated using modified winding function method. In this modification, influence of nonlinear characteristics of the core materials is taken into account. Moreover, impacts of the spatial distribution of the stator windings, stator and rotor slots are considered. Two well known CV/F and direct torque control techniques are applied to the modeled motor and the aforementioned losses are calculated in the line-start, and inverter-fed modes. The simulation results are verified by the experimental results.


Summary form only given, as follows. A major challenge for formal methods is to effectively address the needs of industry and achieve wide acceptance. This challenge remains unmet, as formal methods are difficult to use and their application consumes prohibitive amounts of resource. Much research on the integration of available formal methods (e.g. Z, VDM, B-method) and either structured methodology or object-oriented methodology has been conducted to make formal methods more practical, but with limited success. No attempt has yet been made to integrate the three approaches of formal methods, structured methodology and object-oriented methodology to take advantage of the desirable features of the three approaches. As one approach to the solution of these problems, we propose a language called SOFL (Structured Object-oriented Formal Language) for system development. It supports the concept that a system can be constructed using the structured methodology in the early stages of its development, and by using object-oriented methodology at later, more detailed levels. During the complete system development process, formal methods are applied in a manner that best uses their capabilities.


A regiodivergent silacarboxylation of allenes under a CO2 atmosphere with PhMe2Si-B(pin) as a silicon source in the presence of a copper catalyst at 70 °C has been developed. The regioselectivity of the reaction is successfully reversed by the proper choice of ligand; carboxylated vinylsilanes are obtained with rac-Me-DuPhos as the ligand, whereas the use of PCy3 affords carboxylated allylsilanes. Thus, two different carboxylated silanes can be selectively and regiodivergently synthesized from a single allene substrate.


The local characteristics are the life of local operas.To unearth the local subject matter is the effective path to increase the local features,which has been proven by the historic experiences the three kinds of operas have gained.Today,when we are talking about how these new innovations to the development of opera,we could have the prediction and forward-looking ideas,but also from the historical experience of both to get some inspiration.


Joseph L. Demer, MD, PhD, acknowledges that stunt flying makes even the pilot flying the plane sick. But for part of his 22 years of flying, Dr. Demer did stunts in the skies over California.


The author analyzes the differences in the definitions of unemployment in the United States and Japan. Unemployment statistics for both countries are presented for the period 1984-1988.


The method of elimination of crud formation by addition of acetohydroxamic acid(AHA) into the feed solution of simulated high-level liquid waste(HLLW) extracted by N,N,N′,N′-tetrabutyl-3-oxapentanediamide(TBOPDA)/OK was studied in the paper.The results of extraction experiments show that the distribution ratio of Zr(Ⅳ) sharply decreases as the increase with the concentration of AHA in the aqueous phase,while the distribution ratio of Pu(Ⅳ) remains high enough for its recovery.The stripping of Pu(Ⅳ), Zr(Ⅳ),and Am(Ⅲ) from the TBOPDA/OK phase were also studied.Zr(Ⅳ) can be effectively removed from the organic phase by a single stripping with a 0.2 mol/L AHA solution or a 0.01 mol/L HNO3.Complete back-extraction of Pu(Ⅳ) was attained by three stages of cross-flow stripping with 0.05 mol/L AHA0.1 mol/L HNO3 or 0.2 mol/L AHA-0.01 mol/L HNO3.Am(Ⅲ) loaded in TBOPDA/OK is not effectively removed by dilute aqueous HNO3-AHA solution.The back-extraction of Am(Ⅲ) by HNO3-AHA solution can be greatly depressed by increasing HNO3 concentration in the stripping solution.


In 1980, immediately after the Southern Historical Association Convention
at the Biltmore Hotel in Atlanta, historian Peyton McCrary and a
bevy of voting-rights lawyers gathered together a group of historians to try
to engage them as expert witnesses in voting-rights litigation. Earlier in
1980 in the case of Mobile v. Bolden, a plurality of the justices of the U.S.
Supreme Court had decided that to sustain a claim of vote dilution under
the Voting Rights Act or the Fifteenth Amendment, members of minority
groups had to prove that the relevant law had been passed with a racially
discriminatory purpose, not merely that it had a current racially discriminatory
effect. Since the ordinance requiring that the Mobile City Commission
was to be elected at-large, rather than by single-member districts,
had been passed (everyone thought at the time) in 1911, lawyers for the

plaintiffs had no choice but to bring in the historians. Because McCrary
lived in Mobile and knew the lawyers who had filed the Bolden case, he
took over the principal organizing task. Most of the historians present at
the Biltmore seemed to respond favorably, and some ended up working in
a few cases. Others, probably better advised, went back to their usual
research and teaching.


The total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were measured in bee pollen and beebread extracts, as well as their antioxidant activity. The content of total polyphenols was quantified according to the Folin-Ciocalteau spectrophotometric method. Flavonoids were determined by two independent colorimetric methods, one for determination of flavones and flavonols according to a modified Dowd method (with AlCl3) and other for determination of flavanones (with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine). The samples content varied between 20.48-10.08 mgGAE/g (total polyphenols), 1.008-0.144 mgQE/g (flavonols, flavones and isoflavones) respectively 16.16-2.22 mg NAE g-1 (flavanones). The antioxidant activities were determined by free radical scavenging (DPPH 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) method, by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and by ABTS (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. A great variability regarding the correspondence between the antioxidant activity and the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids of bee pollens with different botanical origin was found. Antioxidant activities were different for each species and were not clearly associated to their antioxidant content.


Laser Doppler effect is applied in metal cylindrical tube blast tests to obtain the parameters of high velocity deformation of blast shock.The system is based on optical heterodyne structure,and use half wave plate(HWP),quarter wave plate(QWP) and polarization beam splitter(PBS) to improve the intensity of Doppler signal and signal-noise-ratio.In digital signal processing technology,The short time Fourier transformation(STFT) is employed to analyze the frequency of Doppler signal in order to improve the signal processing speed and the phase difference correction method is employed to improve the frequency identification precision.Finally,the experimental results of metal cylindrical tubes are presented under different blast loading.