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Hypnotic Power Inductions: Elegant and Effortless Trance Creation
Everything you need to rapidly create deep hypnotic trance!
In nearly 40 years of professional hypnosis, it disturbs me when I hear someone say, "A light hypnotic trance is all that's needed to create change!". I've heard this at least a couple of hundred times. Yes, it is true that you can fix all kinds of problems with nothing more than a light hypnotic trance, if you are a highly skilled hypnotist…
Why do so many people endlessly trumpet the value of a light trance? Becaue it's all they're capable of inducing in their subjects! When poorly trained hypnotists run into someone they can't hypnotize what do they do? They blame in on the subject. They say the subject is "resistant" or "unhypnotizable".
It's funny because my students and I don't seem to run into any of these "bad subjects" …
Deep Trance is the "Working State" of Hypnosis
Those of us in the know are fully aware that deep trance, or the somnambulistic state, is where you want your subject to be. This is because deep trance is the "working state" of hypnosis; where the real changework happens. When your subject is in a deep hypnotic state, you can do anything you can do in a light trance, but you can also produce amnesia, time distortion, post hypnotic suggestion, and a host of other deep trance phenomena. This is the state I routinely work with, as anyone who's seen me train will readily attest.
Poorly Trained Hypnotists Bore Subjects into Trance!
The problem is, the vast majority of hypnotists in today's world are poorly trained, if they've received any training at all. They rely on reading scripts to their subjects, or use outdated and ineffective methods. The progressive relaxation induction is an example of this, in which the hypnotist spends so much time inducing hypnosis by endlessly getting the subject to relax, that he essentially bores the subject into trance – and it's usually a light one.
This Hypnotic Power Inductions Program is the Solution!
For this reason, I have created Hypnotic Power Inductions. This program is for all experienced hypnotists, whether stage, street, casual or therapist; anyone who wants to push their trance induction skills through the roof. The program was professionally filmed at St. Michael's College, University of Toronto in 2012, during my Architecture of Hypnosis course. In this DVD you'll watch me work with 6 different unprepared subjects, using my Neo-Ericksonian approach, teaching these powerful inductions to a class of therapists and professional hypnotists.
Believe me, these methods will blow your mind! In the very first evening, you'll be applying amazing leverage inductions that effortlessly zone subjects through the floor.
Here's what you get in this premium quality program:
- A professionally produced, multiple camera angle DVD containing 5 Incredible Hypnotic Power Inductions that drop your subject into trance in record time. I personally created 4 of these inductions for maximum effect. You won't find them anywhere else, because until now, I only taught these super-power inductions in my live classes at the University of Toronto!
- A studio-recorded audio CD in which Chris Thompson and I discuss and answer the frequently asked questions I get from my classroom students, along with full explanations. You can play and replay this CD as often as you wish, so you'll fully understand the inner secrets of rapid inductions.
- Bonus: The DVD also contains a bonus "sledgehammer induction" which shocks the subject into trance in a matter of seconds.
- Our 100% satisfaction guarantee, as with every product sold on this website. Full details are below, but in simple terms, if you're not happy with this product we don't feel right keeping your money.
What makes this program different?
If you've been listening to my 5 Star rated Brain Software podcasts on iTunes, or have explored this website, you already know my credentials. I began hypnosis in 1966 and have been doing it full-time since 1975, including trainings, keynotes, therapy, forensics, etc. I know of no other hypnotist in the world with my experience and ability.
I got so sick and tired of watching poor technique; even from hypnosis "instructors", that I decided to raise the bar by providing the finest hypnosis products available anywhere. With this program you'll learn that hypnosis is easy…but only when you know how…You don't have to memorize complex language patterns or read scripts. In just one evening's study with my program, you'll probably be more skilled at inducing trance than the instructor that trained you! That's why hypnosis trainers who are stuck in tired old methods will secretly buy this program. They won't be able to take a chance on their students surpassing them with these lightning fast inductions that they've never seen before.
You'll quickly learn to:
- Drop your subjects through the floor and leave shallow trances behind for ever!
- Develop your behavioral flexibility to work with whoever is in front of you!
- Utilize the power of catalepsy to immediately open a hypnotic door with zero resistance!
- Feel comfortable and confident, whenever someone says "Hypnotize me…"
- Leave hypnotic scripts behind forever! Get rid of those training wheels!
- Slam dunk even inexperienced subjects into trance for whatever purpose you wish!
- Access the REM state and effortlessly create trance through Human Givens theory!
- Shock your subjects into deep trance by using neuroscience to your advantage!
- Put your subjects in trance before they even know you've started doing hypnosis! This happens because of the elegant subtlety of the hypnotic inductions you're about to learn.
Our 60-day risk reversal money back guarantee: Most of the products sold on this site are digital downloads. There's nothing to return if you aren't happy. We just give you a prompt refund with no hassle. So you might be surprised when I tell you that if you're unhappy with this product, which is shipped to your door, you can have a 100% refund AND keep the training material. I'm THAT confident in the quality of what you'll learn. There is no better hypnotic trance training available anywhere, except when you come to Toronto and train with me in person.
This Incredible DVD and CD Course Costs Only $97
As an investment in your mastery of trance work with clients, this is a pretty small amount of money. And for those of you unable to make it to Toronto to train with Mike Mandel in person, this really is the next best thing.
Buy Now for $97
Warning: Do this BEFORE Buying
We highly recommend you watch our tutorial, The Ultimate Guide to Power Inductions, before you buy this. Hint: We currently offer you something special at the end of the tutorial, and you'll be thanking us for saving you both time and money.
Click here to access the FREE Ultimate Guide to Power Inductions Video Tutorial
Who should buy this product and who should not buy?
This is a high-quality product and is intended for the use of hypnotists of intermediate to expert skill level. It presupposes previous experience in the induction and termination of trance. It is not for complete beginners! Our online hypnosis training, The Mike Mandel Hypnosis Academy is a better choice for you (and this Hypnotic Power Inductions product is included, in digital form, as a bonus)


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Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
A lifetime of creative activities brings this Baby Boomer to a point where the quantity of time has less meaning than the use of time. With several photographic books in digital print to his name (in Australia) and many commercial variants, he is passionate about the fabulous opportunity of digital publishing recognising that 'on demand' means less waste. As a long term Graphic Designer, copy writer and illustrator, he not only looks to publish as an individual but also to work in collaboration with other Authors in developing their potential.
Expect to see a wide range of literary offerings from this Author in the very near future.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Pretty vague title I know, I'm not really sure how to better express what I'm looking for. There was an app for the Iphone I remember that had a few balls followed by tracers and when you'd touch the screen they'd blow up and then recombine. I've been searching the market for similar programs to no avail, is there a similar app for us?


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No improvement in press freedom amid wars and dictatorships
The freedom and safety of journalists in the region were under heavy siege in 2005 as violence increased with the war in Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The authoritarian regimes in most countries have little respect for basic freedoms and crack down harshly on the media with repressive laws. Heads of state, ministers, security agents and police targeted the media and its representatives throughout the year.
Their excuses were states of emergency (Syria and Egypt), the "fight against terrorism" (Morocco and Saudi Arabia) and "the Islamic threat" (Tunisia). Attacks, threats and imprisonment of journalists are routine in this mixed bag of countries stretching from Algeria to Iran. During the year, 104 media workers were attacked or threatened, up from 73 the previous year. In Iran, prison often means torture as well. In Algeria, just a cartoon can land its author in jail. In Saudi Arabia and Yemen, taboo subjects such as corruption, Islamism and religion can also lead to prison for those who write about them.
Self-censorship or exile is often the only solution for Arab journalists. is self-censorship or exile. Most countries still have state monopolies of radio and TV and two-thirds of the 120 satellite TV stations broadcasting in the region are officially subject to government monitoring.
The world's most dangerous region for journalists
The Middle East and North Africa was, with 27 journalists killed there in 2005, the world's deadliest region for the media. The lawlessness in Iraq was the main reason and 24 of the 63 journalists killed around the world died there. Most were killed trying to report on the activities of the Iraqi guerrillas and the chaos in the country, but terrorists sometimes broke into journalists' houses and killed them in front of their families. US soldiers were also responsible for killing 12 journalists and six Iraqi journalists were arrested by US troops on suspicion of helping the insurgents and detained for many months for no legal reason. They were not allowed lawyers or visits from their families or employers.
Foreign journalists, who are more easily identifiable, remain the chief targets of kidnappers, and seven were seized during the year. Florence Aubenas, of the French daily Libération, and her Iraqi guide Hussein Hanoun were held for more than five months before being freed. Fred Nérac, a French cameraman for the British TV network ITN, has been missing in Iraq since March 2003.
For the first time since the end of Lebanon's civil war in 1990, two outspoken journalists were killed there - Samir Kassir, of the Arab daily An-Nahar and the French station TV5, and Gebran Tueni, an MP and managing editor of An-Nahar, who were killed by car-bombs. They had taken anti-Syrian stands and were victims of the very volatile situation since the 14 February 2005 murder of former prime minister Rafik Hariri. May Chidiac, star presenter of the TV station LBC, was also targeted for assassination and seriously wounded.
Lebanese journalists, who enjoy freedoms almost unheard of in the Arab world, now fear for their lives. Some, whose names are on a blacklist, have fled abroad pending the definitive report of the United Nations enquiry into the Hariri murder, expected in June this year.
A journalist was kidnapped and tortured to death in Libya in mysterious circumstances and the authorities have refused to comment.
Censorship everywhere
The governments of Libya, Iran, Syria, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia have total control over news within their borders and are among the world's most repressive regimes. All are ruled by men who deeply distrust the independent media and freely crack down on dissenting voices.
Iran is still the region's biggest prison for journalists. At the end of the year, five were in jail there, including the best-known, Akbar Ganji. Pressure by the international community and human rights organisations have often called for his release, in vain. The accession of hardliner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to the presidency on 3 August did not make things easier and the last quarter of the year was especially repressive, with at least 32 newspapers suspended.
The police state of Tunisian President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, who keeps an iron grip on publicly and privately-owned media, exerts wholesale repression. Journalists who deviate from the official line face an array of harsh laws as well as personal and bureaucratic harassment and police brutality. Hamadi Jebali, editor of the weekly Al Fajr, has been in prison since 1991 for libel and "belonging to an illegal organisation."
Press freedom is also under attack in Algeria and Morocco, whose governments keep constant pressure on critical journalists and whose independent newspapers have a very precarious freedom. The situation worsened in Algeria in 2005 with more than 100 cases of press offences before the courts. The former managing editor of the daily Le Matin, Mohamed Benchicou, remained in prison with more than 50 lawsuits against him either completed or under way. He is also in poor health.
Libel prosecutions soared in Morocco. Journalists are fairly free there, but the lines set by the royal family must not be crossed and discussing such things as Western Sahara or goings-on in the palace are still punishable by imprisonment. Two journalists, Anas Tadili and Abderrahman el-Badraoui, were in jail at the end of the year. In a rare move, journalist Ali Lmrabet was banned from working as a journalist for 10 years.
Attacks on journalists increased in Egypt and Yemen, with more than 50 foreign and local media workers hounded, attacked or beaten during Egypt's November parliamentary elections. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak has still not kept his oft-repeated promise to decriminalise press offences. The Yemeni national constitution guarantees press freedom but the authorities shut down newspapers and arrested and prosecuted journalists. Opposition journalist Nabil Sabaie was stabbed by armed men in Sanaa on 12 November. Libel suits are routinely used to crack down on those who dare to criticise the government or report on forbidden topics such as corruption, Islam or the judiciary.
The record was mixed in Israel, which greatly respects press freedom within its borders but not always in the Palestinian territories it occupies. Lawlessness and impunity in the Gaza Strip, controlled by the Palestinian Authority, helped gangs to kidnap four foreign journalists.


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ASAP Systems Introduces Mobile RFID Technology for its Passport Assets Application Enabling Customers to Increase Asset Management Flexibility
ASAP Systems Introduces Mobile RFID Technology for its Passport Assets Application Enabling Its Customers to Improve System Efficiency, Improve Tracking Capability and Increase Asset Management Flexibility
San Jose, CA (August 11, 2009)—ASAP Systems today announced the release of a mobile RFID technology for its asset management application, Passport Assets. The addition of this technology will enable ASAP Systems' customers to improve system efficiency, improve tracking capabilities and increase asset management flexibility. Customers using this technology are not limited to capital or fixed asset tracking; they are also able to track the receiving, movement check out-in and physical inventory of their equipment, furniture, fixtures, IT assets, tools, vehicles, deployed items such as cell phones and many other items.
In addition to ASAP Systems' self- configuration and customization features, the inclusion of mobile RFID technologies further empowers customers to save time and improve asset management accuracy. Unlike barcode, RFID's non-line-of-site data transmission can be read through and around the human body, clothing and non-metallic materials. The additional scanning opportunities facilitate greater asset visibility and allow for the recording of asset entry, movement and placement.
"Bringing mobile RFID technologies to our asset management application, Passport Assets, will further enable ASAP Systems' customers to improve operational efficiency while preventing data entry and collection errors," says ASAP Systems' President and CEO, Elie Jean Touma. "As more companies make the move from traditional barcode technology to emerging RFID, the demand for solutions to support the changing landscape is increasing."
Melissa Marron, senior sales executive at ASAP Systems says, "Our mobile asset management application has the capability of scanning both traditional barcodes and RFID, and we can now offer best-in-class technology to assist our customers in that transition."
Mike Bruno
Vice President of Business Development
Phone: 408-960-7349
About ASAP Systems:
For more than twenty years, ASAP Systems has been providing proven solutions for automated data collection and tracking of assets, items and inventory to some of the world's premier enterprises in virtually every major industry. ASAP Systems brings tremendous depth in consultative solution expertise and an exceptional, combined solution of software and barcode equipment to companies looking to manage the inventory aspects of their business. ASAP Systems is in a continual state of research and development, bringing only the very best to our customers, and carefully testing and proving new technologies as they emerge to ensure that they can meet the real-world demands of our customers. Through many years of experience with a vast range of unique customer requirements, ASAP Systems has developed an unmatched expertise in customizing solutions to fit almost any budget, technical or user requirement and in providing systems which are extensible enough to grow and change with an organization. The number one goal at ASAP Systems from sales through technical support is customer satisfaction)—guaranteed.
# # #
Filed under: ASAP Mobile, Asset Tracking, Passport, Press Releases, Product Features, Uncategorized


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Near GPO, Pulimoodu Jn.,
Starting from
Rs 1200
Hotel Overview
Hotel Geeth International is one of the best Hotel located in Kerala has 37 elegant rooms. Hotel Geeth International (Geeth) is a 3 star category business services hotel approved by the Dept. of Tourism.
Hotel Geeth International is the finest Hotel in Kerala which has 37 elegant and well furnished rooms includes 25 AC rooms and 12 AC suite rooms. Our rooms have been designed for the comfort of our customers and we have good facilities with these rooms which make you happy and feel like your home.
Hotel Geeth International in Kerala is providing Indian, Continental, Chinese or the mouth watering local cuisine.
Check-out-Time :- 24 Hrs.
Hotel Geeth International
Near GPO, Pulimoodu Jn., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - 695001


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If you decide to pursue Intellectual Property practice you will then have to decide which type of practice is best for you. "Intellectual property" is an umbrella term that encompasses primarily four bodies of law: trade secret, patent, copyright, and trademark. As an intellectual property lawyer, your practice could fall in any of these areas and could focus on litigation, licensing, transactions, administrative practice, or counseling. You do not need to have a science or technical background for most areas of intellectual property practice, although you may need such credentials for some patent law positions.
In addition to the suggested courses below, Villanova Law also offers a more intensive Intellectual Property Concentration which allows students to show their breadth and depth of IP experience. The concentration includes course requirements in core IP areas including patent and copyright, requires additional coursework in other areas, such as trademark or trade secrets, and offers the freedom to take related classes such as sports law, entertainment law, and internet law.


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Alternative Title: antiarmour bomb
Learn about this topic in these articles:
...charge. General-purpose bombs combine the effects of both blast and fragmentation and hence can be used against a wide variety of targets. They are probably the commonest type of bomb used. Armour-piercing bombs have a thick case and a pointed tip and are used to penetrate armoured or hardened targets such as warships and bunkers. Bombs of the aforementioned types generally range in...


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Welcome to Summer bible study as we begin reading Gideon, Your Weakness God's Strength by Priscilla Shirer. In this 6-week womens online bible study, you'll discover one man's struggle with his own weakness and the One True God who transformed it into triumph. You'll also learn personal reflections applicable to your own experience and life. It's not too late to sign-up and join us in the Gideon study, just click here.
Each week there are five daily lessons in the Gideon Bible study, so you will read one per day for five days of the week. As you read your Bible study, for six weeks you'll put God first in your life. Your focus will be on Him at the start of your day. It's interesting when we read in the morning, we're often reminded of our lesson throughout our busy day. A verse or a phrase will simmer in your mind and then refreshes itself sometime in the day. For me, this is one of the greatest benefits of Bible study and why I desire to share it with you as I lead the study. Some of you may prefer to read in the evenings or on your lunch hour…the important thing is to get started and create a routine.
Create a daily appointment with God, and don't let anything pull you away from intimacy with Him. A good plan is to read each morning Monday through Friday, allowing the weekend to make up any lesson you missed during the week. Keep your study time simple and free from distractions. You may find that keeping everything you need in one place will help you stay motivated. I have a basket with my Bible, workbook, journal, pens, highlighters, reading glasses and post it notes. If you are new to Bible study and don't own a Bible yet, then use one of the many online versions at FREE sites such as BibleGateway.com or YouVersion.com or you may want to read this article~ How to Shop for a Bible
You are invited to participate in small group discussion via Facebook, or here at the website. To participate in a discussion here on the website, you will answer the questions below by posting a comment. The first week our small groups will have introduction sessions, where you'll meet your leader and co-leader, as well as the other women in your group. We'll explain how the small groups function and help you get started in online Bible study.
VERY IMPORTANT:Please note that the first week of study, the small groups are quite populated! Many women will visit the groups to "see what it's about" and might visit more than one group during the week. The timeline will move VERY FAST during the first week and might challenge you or frustrate you. This only happens the first week….then the small groups adjust in size and the conversation is easier to follow. During the first small group meetings, you might need to refresh your computer screen F5 to keep up. You can always go back later and re-read the timeline for your small group or jot down the prayer requests. Mobile devices are not recommended, please use a computer to access the small groups if possible.
Summer Gideon Study 2013 from LPV on Vimeo.
Prayer Requests
Our Prayer Wall is the place to reach out with your prayer needs and praise reports. Please visit the page and pray for those people who are asking you to lift them up in prayer. Pray for the leaders of this study and the women in your small group.
Assignment For The Week
- Write a letter to God on the inside cover of your workbook. Put today's date inside your book and tell Him where you are in your life right now, and where you hope He leads you during this study.
- Pray before you begin reading. Ask the Holy Spirit to open your heart to wisdom.
- Begin reading Week One in your workbook
- If you are watching the Priscilla Shirer videos, watch Session One, available through Lifeway (not required for participation in the study). To download the videos click here. If you are not watching the videos, the answers to the video sessions are in the back you your workbook on page 189
- To join a Facebook small group- click here.
Discussion Questions- Answer in your small group or post a comment below (the questions are from Beth Moore's blog)
- A fun one: What title to a popular song – from any decade you wish – best captures you right now? (It can be serious or ridiculous.)
- Write one sentence describing something about your present season – your right-here-and-now – that makes it unique. Life changes constantly. What is distinct about this particular season?
- In one sentence, what is one thing you wish your sisters in Christ would know about you sooner that often doesn't come out in your relationships till later? Complete this sentence: "I wish my sisters in Christ knew that I…"
- Optional: Watch the devotional video from Beth Moore. Make a one-sentence comment regarding anything in the video devotional that resonated with you.


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Owned since new?
Owned for how long?
1 year(s)
Buy this make again?
Price and equipment6.0/10
For what the car is priced at, it is a good buy
Under the bonnet6.0/10
There has to be something under there, but I know nothing about it
How it drives6.0/10
Comfort and practicality6.0/10
Comfort not excellent but practicality is great.
Servicing and running costs6.0/10
Cheap to run and haven't had to have it serviced
Aesthetics and styling2.0/10
Could be sexier
Safety and security4.0/10
Wouldn't be safe in an accident, ie, against a big 4WD
Quality and reliability6.0/10
Very reliable
Overall verdict6.0/10
I love my little car, it is just what I wanted. Although it would not be comfortable for a long drive, it is enough for just myself to go shopping and zipping about the neighbourhood. The back seat would be very uncomfortable for an adult. I would buy this model again. So far it has been no trouble and very economical. As it was fairly new when I bought it and it had been looked after, I don't expect to have any trouble with it.


text: It looks like I will get this racquet. (Youtek Speed 1G 18 X 20) It is very much like a combination of KFactor and Pure Storm racquets that I have played with. I like the rectangular grip. Is it good to have an overgrip with this racquet? The Head KGrip seems good. Should you put lead tape anywhere for more balance? What strings are good for this racquet at what tension? The Head PXP is fine, but I know there is something better. I was thinking of doing Cyclone 18 at 53 or Adrenaline Rough 17 at 48 then. Any comments? Thanks.


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In the debate over the farm bill, there's more at stake than agricultural issues.
It contains funding for rural development loans and grants provided through the United States Department of Agriculture.
Reducing those dollars would start taking away small town assets, such as nursing homes, hospital expansions, access to affordable housing, wastewater infrastructure and business development, according to St. Paul-based think tank Minnesota 2020's latest report, "Blueprints for Rural Progress."
Congress is currently rewriting the farm bill, which includes rural development funding, in a climate of sequester-induced, across-the-board budget cuts, according to MN2020.
Depending on how deep rural development cuts are in the next farm bill, Minnesota communities will have a tougher time financing these vital programs, according to MN2020.
Douglas County may feel the impact. Between 2009 and 2012, it received, on average, $1 million in grants and $16 million in loans and loan guarantees through rural development programs, according to Joe Sheeran, MN2020 communicatons director.
The Alexandria Opportunity Center, for example, received $150,000 through a revolving loan fund that allowed it to expand and renovate its building.
These potential budgeting issues come after a decade of already dwindling USDA Rural Development resources, said Lee Egerstrom, a MN2020 fellow and author of the report.
Annual appropriation cuts and sequester have reduced Minnesota development staff by one-third (32 percent) from 2003 to 2013.
Minnesota's annual federal development dollars fluctuate greatly, depending on state needs, funding availability, and a number of other factors.
According to Minnesota USDA Rural Development, the state uses in the neighborhood of $630 million to $760 million in annual grants and loans. The money typically help the state's smallest communities, most of which lack the tax base and population to afford infrastructure upgrades and development projects on their own, Egerstrom said.
Funds cover programs in seven categories: business assistance, energy upgrades, low-income housing, community facilities (nursing homes, medical units, community center, etc.), water and sewer, utilities, and community/regional development.
"These dollars aren't handouts, but investments in rural communities that return dividends in the form of business growth, expanded access to health services, and population stability," said Egerstrom.
His report makes the following policy recommendations:
Policymakers should consider the value USDA Rural Development programs produce for rural economies when evaluating farm bill funding.
Rural communities should prepare for shifts in funding and work with congressional officials to reduce their negative impacts.
State policymakers must prepare to counteract across-the-board federal cuts by increasing capital bonding in the 2014 legislative session, with particular attention to Greater Minnesota projects.
Minnesota 2020 is a nonpartisan, progressive think tank that focuses on education, health care, transportation and economic development. More information can be found at www.MN2020.org.


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Re:Library permit the submission of novel submitted by users ("User Submissions") and the hosting, sharing, and/or publishing of such User Submissions.
You shall be solely responsible for your own User Submissions and the consequences of posting or publishing them.
You may login your account to submit your work for review using this link:
Please use the following format when submitting your work:
**Type**: Translation/Original
**Raw Source**: Required if you are submitting translation
**Sample Content**:
After your work has been reviewed and approved, the site administrator will create an index page for your fiction and then you will be promoted to Author, so you can publish your work at your own convenience.
After your first submission is approved, you are required to follow a simple procedure when publishing future chapters:


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GraphicRiver Medical Sound Logo 8514773
Logo Template \ Symbols
Document \ Vector \ Featured \ Detail \ Sizable \ Studio \ Emergency \ Corporate
Logo Template - Medical Sound Logo 8514773 by Aestro @ GraphicRiver
Logo Template \ Symbols
Medical Sound Logo design for creative studio company.
- AI CS4 Document
- EPS 10 Document
- PDF Document
- CMYK 100 % Vector (Re-sizable)
This Logo use free font more detail in help file.
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: Vector EPS, AI Illustrator; Resolution: Resizable; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Keywords: aplication, app, brand, branding, business, call, clean, corporate, emergency, health, identity, logo, logotype, medic, phone, repair, service, smartphone, software, sound, tecnic, unique.


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Dry Skin: Tight and Uncomfortable
Skin the morning wash with soap and use plain water instead. Applying moisturizer frequently helps skin procedure and retain natural oils.
Sun Damage: Spots and Wrinkles
While you can't undo the effects of sun damage, you can prevent further wreckage by always applying sunscreen before heading outside.
Sensitive Skin: Stinging and Burning
Reduce exposure to irritating chemicals by avoiding products that contain fragrance, alchohol or acidic ingredients.
Oil and Acne: Shine and Pimples
Wash your face 2-3 times daily with a gentle cleanser. Use a light, oil-free moisturizer that won't clog pores or irritate pimples.


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Marcus Troy was whisked away in a Teo Taxi to Hotel William Gray, one of the newest hotspots in the city. He was to speak at an intimate event with Alcove, an organization that holds a series of exclusive talk in an intimate setting. It's within this environment where Alcove sets itself apart, as they limit the guest list to twenty or less. In that way, those who are attending get the chance to interact with the featured speaker more closely. The speakers consists of inspiring entrepreneurs and artisans who are willing to share insights from their personal journeys.
Take a look at the photos from the talk and listen to the conversation in full below. You'll hear Marcus highlight his start, his philosophy on working with great people who happen to work at brands, and more.


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A new study by Quest Diagnostics shows that hair-based drug tests reveal far more workplace drug users. Reason: Hair testing can identify usage going back up to three months, while urine testing is best at identifying drugs taken within the past three days.
Quest says its hair tests found cocaine in 32 of every 1,000 tests, while urine tests found cocaine in three of every 1,000 tests. Note: Hair tests cost about twice as much.
Both tests show workplace drug use on the decline. Hair tests show a 36% decline in cocaine use since 2005, while urine tests show a 57% decline. Marijuana was found in 2% of Quest's tests in the first half of 2009, down from 2.5% in 2005.


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The All Sport - Mid Summer Sale -Check Linen
$99.00 Sold out
---Micro Check Linen---
Wide one piece crown popular in the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s.
Hand tailored from an original pattern on period machines.
Finished with a leather sweatband and steamed on a early 20th century block to give the proper shape.
- Full leather sweat band
- Vintage United Carr Snap Button
- Water resistant peak
***Choose your custom cloth from the "Fabric selections" and leave the # in the notes before completing checkout
****Please allow 1-2 weeks for delivery


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What creates INFP and ENFJ compatibility is also what can drive it apart. These two personality types do share a few traits in common, but what attracts one to the other are the differences that can be seen. The ENFJ is going to have a certain social ease and want to talk almost constantly. The INFP enjoys the fact that they can listen without being required to offer inputs or try to be social because the situation calls for it. Together they are a completed puzzle, but they have to work to keep it that way.
The Key to Long-Term Compatibility Is Balance
The INFP needs to have some time every day to be on their own. This helps them get their thoughts together, enjoy meditation, or just rest in the quiet of the day. Some enjoy reading the newspaper while others might sip some coffee and watch CNN. The ENFJ will want to intrude into this space because to them it seems unnatural. What good is life if you're spending it alone?
The INFP needs to realize that the ENFJ needs to have a consistent level of social contact in order to feel like they belong in the relationship. The ENFJ needs to realize that when the INFP needs some space, it's because they want some time on their own and it isn't a personal criticism of the relationship. If a little ground can be given and a balance achieved, then INFP and ENFJ compatibility can be quite successful. If not, eventually something must give and that usually ends the relationship.
It's All About the Big Ideas
There is a mutual struggle with INFP and ENFJ compatibility in that both people are filled with great ideas that could literally change the world. The only problem is that their vision of the future isn't often practical. They don't plan. They just do. They'll work in the short-term to find solutions, but they'll also be quick to give up those solutions and find solidarity together in the failure.
This can create a trap if one person feels like the other is responsible for that failure. Both personality types tend to miss or forget certain details that need to be completed, which means trust can sometimes be hard to find between the two. Forgiveness is handed out readily, but each person tends to feel like they need to complete tasks on their own and this can erode the relationship foundation over time.
The INFP and ENFJ relationship is warm, kind, and often sensitive to the needs of each other. As long as each person is willing to compromise and work to keep an effective balance between the needs of each other, this relationship can be built on solid rock instead of shifting sands.


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La hora de la siesta Trailer (2014)
09 May 2014 80 mins
We cross the seas of memory and absence to tell the story of Emilia and Yeyé, two of the 49 children who died at the ABC day-care in an evitable fire that reflected the terrible consequences of corruption and influence peddling surrounding the government subrogated day-care system in Mexico. This documentary is a tribute to these children's memory and to their parents decision to take up their life again.
Watch the official La hora de la siesta 2014 trailer in HD below or find more La hora de la siesta videos on Vidimovie.


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On a disc Argent, on a dust cloud Silver Gray, a charging bull affront� Gules detailed of the last, hooves Sable, horned of the first and eyed Or, irises of the third, all within a narrow border Blue.
Attached above the disc, a White scroll edged with a narrow Blue border and inscribed "LEAD THE CHARGE" in Blue letters.
Attached below the disc, a White scroll edged with a narrow Blue border and inscribed "92D CIVIL ENGINEER SQ" in Blue letters.
Ultramarine blue and Air Force yellow are the Air Force colors. Blue alludes to the sky, the primary theater of Air Force operations. Yellow refers to the sun and the excellence required of Air Force personnel. The bull signifies the unit's ties to the USAF Civil Engineering "Prime Beef" and reflects the determination and drive to be in the forefront of mission accomplishment.
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Category: Stock Graphic, Product Mockups
Stock Graphic >> Product Mockup - HOCKEY JERSEY MOCK-UP 224283 by nightmarecatcher @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 495.42 MB; Layered: Yes.
- 13 psd files 3000x2000 px 72 dpi (2 displace maps);
- You can put your own color on material;
- You can put your own design using smart objects;
- Realistic effect with displace maps;
- You can add tags with you own design (you can also change position of tags and they will be auomatically matched to perspectiove and folds);
- well oganized layers.
Keywords: sponsor, logo, hockey, tshirt, jersey, shirt, tee, uniform, mock up, mock-up, mockup, player, sport, ice, template.


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House Speaker Paul Ryan visited Israel on his first foreign trip since accepting the job of Speaker last October. The decision of the prominent Republican to visit Israel first could be regarded as a rebuke to President Obama and an attempt to reassure the Israeli public about American support for the Jewish State.
In an interview with Times of Israel editor in chief David Horovitz, Ryan said he came to Israel to reinforce the alliance between the United States and Israel and to underline his conviction that the American-Israeli partnership should grow stronger in the near future.
"Let me tell you why I'm here. It's important for me to say this. It's my first trip as Speaker. The first place I wanted to come, on the first day (of the first trip): I wanted to come to Israel. For very important symbolic reasons — to buttress and reinforce our alliance and my belief in a stronger alliance between our two countries," Ryan said at the beginning of the interview.
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During the interview, Ryan expressed views about Israel and the Middle East similar to those of Republican front runner Ted Cruz.
Although Ryan emphasized he is neutral when it comes to the primaries in the GOP one could not escape the impression that he favors Cruz over Trump for President.
TRENDING: Rand Paul's Wife Breaks Silence on Husband's Attack: 'This Was Not A Scuffle'
He indicated the primary in Wisconsin could be a watershed moment and said Cruz is "doing pretty well."
"Wisconsin is a fairly important signal as to whether we're going to have an open convention or not. If Trump wins it, then he's putting himself on a pretty good path to clinching (the nomination) — the 1,237 (delegates) before the convention. If he loses Wisconsin, there's a two-three week gap. It makes it more likely — though I don't know (for sure) — but it makes it more likely that it's an open convention. Then we'll see what happens. I'm the co-chair of the convention, so I'm perfectly neutral on this," Ryan told Horovitz.
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When the TOI director asked him what it says about America that the Trump has done so well so far Ryan replied:
Deep anxiety. Our economy has been flat since the recession. We have been under 2% growth. We have 45 million people stuck in poverty. Wages are flat. And ISIS is on the rise.
When we saw Paris and then San Bernardino, it really brought a wake-up call. People are really anxious on both national security and economic insecurity. They believe that the government is failing them. Because it has.
I find myself giving a lot of civics lessons as I travel the country to my constituents. They think, why didn't you stop this? Or why didn't you do this? Which is the Constitution: You know, you have to have enough votes to override a veto, to be able to pass things, to get to a filibuster. (People are unhappy) that we didn't change or stop what had happened in the last four years.
The two then discussed the current turmoil in the Middle East and Israeli-American relations.
Ryan said normally Congress doesn't run on foreign policy but because a majority in Congress thinks the administration got its foreign policy wrong, it has risen to the level of needing attention.
"On foreign policy, we want to have a foreign policy doctrine and a military equipped to carry out that doctrine, to keep us safe. We don't think we have a suitable foreign policy to advance America's interests — which, chief among them, is protecting our national security."
Asked if he has specific suggestions on how to tackle Islamist terrorism, Ryan answered that the U.S. doesn't have a comprehensive strategy.
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"I don't think we have a comprehensive strategy. We need a generational strategy about winning hearts and minds in the Muslim world. How do we figure that out? Tony Blair has done some great work in this area: How do we embrace moderates. How do we lead a coalition of governments in moderate nations and win hearts and minds. And to confront the madrasas, to confront the extremism, while we have a much more effective national security policy, and a military that is not being drained. I can go on about the budget with the military. We need to improve our military strength; we need more ships, we need more brigades, we need more combat-ready brigades," Ryan said.
He repeated that the U.S. has no strategy to defeat ISIS and no long-term strategy when it comes to Islamist terrorism and extremism.
On the issue of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the two-state-solution, Ryan sounded a lot like Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu. The Prime Minister has said he supports the idea of a demilitarized Palestinian State. However, he said the implementation of the plan is not possible because of the current security environment and the lack of partnership on the side of the Palestinians.
"We agree with the two-state solution — we agree with the goal. But you have to have the kind of security situation that you need to put this together, and you don't have that. It's not my place to say, but you have to have the kind of partnership in order to have a lasting peace, and you don't have that. So, until you do, I don't know how much progress can be made," Ryan told Horovitz.
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The House Speaker said he opposed any premature UN resolutions about a solution to the conflict because that would force Israel into an insecure position. However, Ryan indicated he wasn't 100 percent sure the Obama administration wouldn't do something nasty, like refusing to use its veto when a UNSC resolution about an imposed solution to the conflict would be brought to a vote at the UN Security Council.
Ryan expressed understanding for the fact that many in Israel are worried Obama cannot be trusted to refrain from using veto power when push comes to shove in the coming months. He said these concerns are "justifiable."
Meanwhile, a majority of Israelis still thinks Democratic front runner Hilary Clinton should succeed President Barack Obama. A recent poll showed 38% of the Israeli public support a Clinton victory in the November election followed by Donald Trump with 23%. Only 5% of Israelis favor Ted Cruz for President of the United States.
Another poll showed, however, a majority of Israelis want a Republican President.
It is actually very simple to explain these contradictory results.
Clinton is the devil Israelis know. They know Hillary Clinton from her term as Foreign Minister in the first Obama government and remember her as the wife of Bill Clinton who was very popular in Israel.
They know Trump says he is very pro-Israel but after his gaffe about neutrality in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, immediately started to doubt his understanding of the situation in Israel and the wider Middle East.
The reason Cruz got only 5 percent of the Israeli vote is simple to explain, as well. Although Cruz has articulated a Middle East policy and has the same level of understanding as Ryan on the complicated issues Israel is facing, nobody in Israel knows him and the Israeli media hardly report on anything Cruz does or says.
If Cruz is interested improving his standing in Israel, he should follow Ryan's example and visit Israel.


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This historical storm, deemed at the time to be the "storm of the century", caused millions of dollars in damage and cost the lives of approximately three hundred people. It would later be called the Great Appalachian Storm of 1950.
The storm was first seen forming as a small low pressure system over North Carolina and western Virginia on November 24, 1950. The storm moved north quickly, first hitting western Pennsylvania and by the following day, Pittsburgh was "paralyzed by heavy snow", after receiving thirty inches with blizzard-like conditions. The newspapers were quick to call it "one of the worst winter storms on record" which also struck eastern Ohio and West Virginia.
Several feet of snow fell over the next several days, making travel impossible. Some places like New York City experienced wind gusts of over ninety miles per hour. Bear Mountain, just north of NYC recorded a gust of one hundred and forty.
South of the main storm track temperatures plummeted and historic lows were recorded. South Carolina and Georgia suffered significant crop damage. Alabama and Georgia also had snow, and Texas also experienced record low temperatures. There was also something really unique about the storm besides record snowfall amounts and low temperatures. Of all places, Buffalo, New York, while experiencing significant winds around fifty miles per hour, had temperatures in the 50's.
Along the eastern seaboard places like Atlantic City, New Jersey experienced flooding from rain, high winds and high tides. Transportation came to a halt because highways were flooded and rail and trolley services were halted. In Ohio the National Guard was called out to help remove snow in Cleveland.
Elsewhere in Pennsylvania, high winds were ripping roofs off of homes and boats sank. In Ohio the snow had piled up so high that "city street department workers were practically helpless in making an impression on the drifting piles of snow." Power lines were damaged in areas where heavy snow had fallen and more than one million homes were without power for several days.
This storm would be compared to the so-called "White Hurricane" of 1913 where heavy damages and loss of lives were inflicted on the Great Lakes region (you can read about it here). In 1950 that same region didn't experience the same heavy snows of 1913, but overall the amount of snow in 1950 exceeded that of 1913. Many deaths were attributed to the stress and strenuousness of snow removal, as people over a certain age were warned to exercise caution.
Snow remained on the ground for about a week and during the first few days of December began to melt when above-normal temperatures were recorded. Flooding occurred along the Ohio River and its tributaries – in Pittsburgh the river was 4-1/2 feet above flood stage on December 4 at 28.5 feet and on December 11, Cincinnati recorded 56 feet, some 4 feet above flood stage.
The storm would later be called an "extratropical cyclyone". The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) would later call it one of the most "meteorlogically unique" storms ever seen because of both the low and high temperatures. The annual Ohio State and Michigan football game was called the "1950 Snow Bowl" — Michigan won 9-3.
Buffalo, New York is currently experiencing the same kind of problem with rising temperatures following record snow — in some places as much as eight feet. Another storm is said to be on the way for the holidays, rain in some places and snow in others. All in all, it's predicted to be a "travel nightmare". Stay warm and safe East Coast and have a Happy Thanksgiving!
Everyone have a great day — someday it will be history!


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'TV on DVD and Blu-ray' started by Shem Kellogg, Aug 30, 2004.
any news about FOX or the WB releasing Eddie Murphy's The PJs?
I asked the same question a few months back, but it seems very few people like the PJs. I loved that show though and would love to have it released. My tapes are falling apart...
Not quite sure just who would have home video rights to the show. There were several production companies involved with the show (WB and Murphy's and Will Vinton's companies among them), so there might be some sort of "profit sharing" that would have to be worked out. I'm just glad I was able to tape most of them as they aired and catch the ones I missed on the WB rebroadcasts (and the two unaired episodes from a friend in Australia).
Warner Bros owns the rights to the show. No word on a release though. Gord


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A Day Late and a Dollar Short (Paperback)
Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
Much-heralded and long awaited, Terry McMillan's tour-de-force novel introduces the Price family-matriarch Viola, her sometimes-husband Cecil, and their four adult kids, each of whom sees life-and one another-through thick and thin, and entirely on their own terms. With her hallmark exuberance and cast of characters so sassy, resilient, and full of life that they breathe, dream, and shout right off the page.
About the Author
Terry McMillan is the critically acclaimed, award-winning author of five previous novels and recipient of the Essence Award for Excellence in Literature.


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Many years ago, let Kinowelt, meanwhile StudioCanal, an order 25 Seconds cut version of "Evil Dead 2" Check of the Rated, which was stamped with a 16er released. The completely uncut version was in this country to 1993 on the Index. Subsequently, it was full on VHS, DVD and Blu-ray evaluated, but only with SPIO / JK released. Now it wanted StudioCanal exactly Knowledge and let "Evil Dead 2" Check of the Rated Full-length and behold, the film by Sam Raimi received from the apparently cheerful Rated a release from 16 Years. Thus, one may expect in the near future with further releases of the cult classic. "Evil Dead 1" is the way always still on the Index. Whether there is a re-examination could cause a similar effect?
(via Schnittberichte)


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Critics say that [the tax cut expiration] amounts to increasing taxes at a time of high unemployment, and that instead the tax cuts should be extended as a stimulus measure. This overlooks the fact that tax cuts are an inefficient form of stimulus, because many people choose to save their additional income instead of spending it. If the goal is to encourage growth and employment immediately, it would be better to let the tax cuts expire and dedicate some of the increased revenue to real stimulus programs. [emphasis added by PF]In response at FreeRepublic.com, we see SickofLibs commenting:
I saw this movie (The Good Mother (2006 film) ) on the Lifetime ('men are evil') channel where a psycho Mom was poisoning her adopted son calling the poison 'his medicine.' The sicker he got the more she believed she needed to poison him. That sounds like this tax and stimulate theory that keeps failing.This inspired the following quip:
Who do you think you are? The kid from "The Sixth Sense" who slipped the video into the VCR at the little girl's wake?End of recounting.
The father and the other mourners immediately saw that the stepmother had poisoned the girl. The Dad then confronted his wife.
"You were keeping her sick."That was fiction.
In our reality, the sheeple will see and hear what you say, and then continue munching away in oblivion. They refuse to believe that the Dems and other Statists are making them sick.
Pray for the awakening of our fellow Americans, because we ain't doing it alone.
Now, here is the reason I'm recording this here:
As far as I'm concerned, the Dems may provide the poison, but the Statists in the GOP are the equivalent of that stepmother, not wanting to be upset by the protestations of those who are being poisoned. And we have her agents busily screwing up not just forums like Free Republic, but messing with rational efforts to thwart the Statists just about everywhere else. That includes talk radio where I've now lost faith in all professional voices, bar none. I'll leave my discussions for the many reasons to distrust talk radio hosts for another day.
Meanwhile, when you hear Leftists and pretend-conservative Statists Republicans telling you how
"our government spending will bring America back,"
be prepared to stand firm in your retort:
"No you're not. You're keeping her sick."
For those who never saw the film, I've comprised a further explanation below the break.
Okay, I think I can strip away the meaning of the video clip so that it is clearer how the quip matches SickofLibs comment without ruining the secrets of the movie for those who have not seen it.
Let me begin with the opening lines from an anonymous review I found on-line at http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1800019665/info.
8-year-old Cole Sear [Haley Joel Osment in his debut] is haunted by a dark secret: he is visited by ghosts. A reluctant channel, Cole is frightened by visitations from those with unresolved problems who appear from the shadows. Confused by his paranormal powers, Cole is too young to understand his purpose and too afraid to tell anyone about his anguish, except child psychologist Dr. Malcolm Crowe [Bruce Willis].One of those ghosts is Kyra, a little girl who vomits heavily. She leads the kid to an old wooden jewelry box that contains a VCR cassette. The cassette contains a video that reveals the stepmother putting poison into the ailing girl's soup. And also the stepmother coercing the girl to eat it.
The kid gets well dressed and goes with his psych to the wake of the girl. Everybody thinks he's Kyra's school mate, and don't question him further. He makes sure he's found Kyra's Dad and then presents him the jewelry box and says "It's for you. She wanted to tell you something."
So SickofLibs was good-naturedly asked if he was the equivalent of Cole. And that was followed with a lament of the state of our fellow citizens who accept the poison.


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Place Category: Transport & Automotive Companies and Car Dealers
- Profile
Automania Motors Nigeria is a member of Greenfields Global Resources Nigeria. We are dealers in Cars, trucks and car spare parts with licensed partners in the USA, Canada and Europe. We are the premier garage for Brand new and fairly used cars (Tokunbo cars) in Nigeria. With many years experience in sourcing and supplying both companies and individuals. In addition we offer a PERSONAL SHOPPING SERVICE for all. We specialize in all makes of new and used cars delivered straight to your door step anywhere in Nigeria.
We offer top quality cars at unbeatable prices. Our huge range of vehicles and great customer service makes us one of the biggest and best auto sellers of both new and used cars in Nigeria. Each car undergoes exhaustive checks and is expertly valuated prior to exportation to Nigeria. You stand to gain a lot when you invest in vehicles from AUTOMANIA motors Nigeria because you'll receive the backing of our warranty and the option of an extended warranty and a pre-delivery inspection.
AUTOMANIA Motors continues to take care of their customers needs long after a car has been sold. We 'll arrange your servicing, MOT and repairs. If you require a vehicle that is currently not on our website, Please do not hesitate to inquire about our PERSONAL SHOPPING SERVICE call us on 08062187803 or 08082182577. WE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN BUYING YOU THAT CAR OF YOUR DREAMS.
We look forward to seeing you join the thousands of happy customers that have returned to AUTOMANIA MOTORS NIGERIA Sales throughout the years.
- More InfoAddress: 2 Salaudeen Akano close Ogudu GRA
NigeriaTime: 8.00am to 6 pm monday-saturday
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G Hotel Gurney
G Hotel will celebrate 2016 Christmas with its Christmas Buffet (Christmas Eve Dinner, Christmas Day Brunch and Christmas Day Dinner) at Taste Cafe (G Hotel Gurney) and SPOON (G Hotel Kelawai) on the 24 and 25 December. All buffets are priced at RM160 for Taste Cafe and RM150 for SPOON.
Continue reading about Christmas Buffet 2016 @ Taste Cafe, G Hotel Gurney, Penang
G Hotel Gurney unveils 5 new conference rooms with 3 Theme Coffee Breaks: Chocoholic Theme, Healthy Theme and Truly Malaysia Theme. The conference room can accommodate for meetings, seminar, training, and even can transform into a wedding banquet room that can hold up to 120 seating capacity. All conference rooms are equipped with 150Mbps wifi [...]
Continue reading about New Conference Room with Themed Coffee Breaks @ G Hotel Gurney, Penang


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Who offers the best air miles scheme?
Air miles can be a tricky business.
The best way to collect them always comes down to the individual cardholder, their spending habits and the suitability of the rewards being earned. There's more on that here.
For heavy flyers, such as business travellers or those who simply do a lot of transatlantic jet setting, a dedicated airline credit card will probably deliver better rewards.
If, on the other hand, the place we most often find ourselves gliding down a walkway is in the aisles of the local supermarket, a more standard purchases card, or a supermarket loyalty conversion scheme might be more beneficial.
In this guide, find out who offers air miles schemes, what an air mile can get us, and where to earn extra miles when not flying with the airline.
First up: what are the options?
Holidaymakers and those of us who travel even less often will likely find Avios (formally Airmiles) to be one of the most flexible schemes.
Avios are available to collect with Avios are available to collect with Lloyds Bank credit cards, and with the American Express issued British Airways credit cards.
We compare the two sets of cards in more detail here.
The other air miles scheme available in the UK is the Virgin Atlantic Flying Club. It's slightly more limited in terms of linked credit cards, but they do exist, and we can always earn miles with our supermarket shopping - there's more below.
Anyone thinking of going down the Avios route might find this article, on using Tesco Clubcard points and Avios together, useful.
Here are some of the Avios credit cards available at present:
Find more deals in our main comparison table, or read on for more information on air miles in general.
As mentioned above, more frequent flyers could well benefit by looking into the credit cards offered by their favourite airlines.
Not only do these allow for more points to be earned per general transaction, with bonus rates on dedicated travel spending, but if the flyer isn't already signed up to the airline's loyalty scheme, the card will often give them that opportunity.
With that comes travel perks such as priority check in and access to airport lounges, as well as flight upgrades and companion tickets. There's more on this below.
How do air miles credit cards work?
What exactly are air miles?
Air miles are basically loyalty points. Like any other points-based reward system, they're largely accrued in return for spending with particular companies or on a particular card - and there are often bonus offers available just for signing up.
Travel expenses such as hotel stays, car hire purchases, and of course flights - particularly with the named airline - generally earn more air miles.
Once enough miles have been collected, they can obviously be traded for flights with the airline or one of its partners.
Both Avios and Virgin Atlantic Flying Club miles have the advantage of being redeemable on Eurostar as well, so those who aren't fond of flying don't have to miss out on reward journeys.
But the rewards available to air mile credit card holders don't stop there: frequent flyer programme partners offer a variety of rewards including brochure holidays, hotel stays, car hire, cruises, airport parking, and days out as well.
So what makes the best air miles credit card?
Just two things go into making a good air miles credit card: earning potential and suitability.
There's no one best air miles card in particular; rather there'll be a choice of the best air miles cards for us. These will be the cards that allow us to rack up points without significantly changing our spending habits - and ideally it'll offer rewards that we'd otherwise pay for anyway.
There's no point signing up for a rewards card with a super low purchase interest rate if we can't redeem the resulting miles - or if we can, but only on items we wouldn't dream of buying otherwise.
Air miles themselves don't have a set monetary value, although the miles from different schemes can appear to be worth more or less than those from another.
But within any one scheme, an air mile will be worth something, and the more of them we collect, the bigger the reward we'll be able to claim.
Earning air miles
Spending on an air miles credit card
As with other reward schemes, air miles credit cards only earn points for purchases.
Cash withdrawals, balance transfers, charges and payment of interest or fees don't earn any air miles.
Note too, that air miles credit cards aren't the same as credit cards designed for use abroad, such as these. They can certainly be used abroad, but any non-sterling transactions we make are likely to be expensive.
Bonus miles
Often credit card providers offer a further incentive to spend once signed up, in the form of a gift of a certain number of air miles for completion of a first purchase, or by spending a minimum amount within the first few months.
It's still possible to find Avios credit cards that offer up to 25,000 bonus points for new, high spending, cardholders.
That's more than enough for two return flights in Avios Zone 1 (to Germany, for example), plus a £35 flat fee for taxes and surcharges in Europe - or for two standard class return tickets to Paris, Lille, or Brussels on Eurostar.
But as rewards credit cards have generally become less, well, rewarding, this kind of bonus tends only to be available with the dedicated airline credit cards. The best we can expect from other providers are double points for an introductory period, or bonus points as a special promotion at some other time.
Flying with the named airline and/or its partners
Members of a frequent flyer programme will also earn points every time they fly with that airline and its partners.
Partner airlines will be specified somewhere in the contract details; it goes without saying that members should find out if there are any, who they are, and whether they're "earn only" or "redeem only" partners.
Then we just need to remember to use our air miles credit card to pay for the purchase - earning us miles for both the flight, and the cost of the flight.
Converting loyalty points
We mentioned at the start using a supermarket loyalty programme and converting those points. Anyone who collects Clubcard points, for instance, can switch them for frequent flyer miles with Avios, or with the Virgin Atlantic Flying Club.
There's more on how to do this, and how they compare in this guide.
Nectar points, meanwhile, can be used to get money off Easyjet flights. For more on how the two big supermarket loyalty schemes compare see this guide.
Also be on the lookout for partners like car hire companies, hotel chains, attractions, and other companies that may be part of an air miles scheme - the number of ways to earn frequent flyer miles is always growing.
Each scheme's website should have an up to date list of all of their partners, so it's worth checking regularly to find out where else miles can be earned.
Redeeming air miles
Most air mile schemes will offer travel rewards including airline flights with both the main airline and their partners, hotel stays, brochure holidays, city breaks, family days out and experiences, and other travel services including car rental and airport parking.
Members will usually have access to a website, where logging in allows them to see how many miles they have, view offers, and book travel products.
Depending on the programme, users should also be able to redeem their miles towards a flight over the phone, using customer services or a special booking line.
Most programs also allow members to pay partly in cash, and partly in air miles - so even when we haven't quite collected enough miles to completely cover an upcoming trip, there's the option to redeem a certain number of miles towards it, and pay the remaining balance with cash.
Travel perks
Frequent flyer membership
Air mile credit cards - when issued with a named airline - will usually offer automatic entry to their frequent flyer programme. Sometimes, however, we'll need to register with the scheme first, then supply the credit card issuer with our membership details.
Frequent flyer members often have access to exclusive customer services and benefits, such as priority check in, access to VIP airport lounges, special offers and discounts, and free flight upgrades.
These programmes usually have tiered membership levels, which offer increasing benefits the more regularly we fly.
Companion tickets and flight upgrades
Some of the less accessible air miles credit cards - those with higher annual fees, for example - offer added rewards for greater levels of spending.
These can include free tickets for companion travellers, as well as flight upgrades when claiming a free flight or booking a flight.
As well as being limited to the more exclusive credit cards, these added rewards usually require holders to reach a spending threshold within the previous 12 months, often of several thousand pounds.
The annual expenditure required for companion tickets is usually made pretty clear, but other conditions regarding the cards' perks may not be so obvious: always check the terms and conditions of any offers thoroughly.


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Identity Trailer (2012)
Living in a world where everybody wears masks due to lack of self-identity, a brave girl encounters the truth that sets her free. This is for those who need to hear this message.
Watch the official Identity 2012 trailer in HD below or find more Identity videos on Vidimovie.


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This widely known actor is the eldest child of an excellent dermatologist father whereas his mother is a hardworking teacher. Candice is his younger sister who won the title of Miss Missouri USA while studying at University. Crawford's father was a medical student at the time of his birth thereby he got an opportunity to live in Bloomington for around four years there he went to Elementary School. After the training completed, they again move to Texas. Crawford attended the Christian Academy for secondary education. He was good at playing golf, football and had also showed his interest in arts too. After completing his graduation, Crawford joined the University to study broadcast journalism.
He also took part in Sigma fraternity society while at university. In a meanwhile, Crawford was eager to start his career by taking communications and advertising business as his major subject. Later, his mother made him realizes that he has a capability to act and present him well on screen. Hence, Crawford respects his mother's opinion and now became one of the leading American actors in the entertainment industry.
In the following year of his acting debut, he was casted for a thriller and horror movie. He is recognized from The CW's teen drama series that was broadcasted for almost five years.
- Chace Crawford Girlfriend in 2017:
Yet 31 years old Crawford spent his happy love life. These days he is linked to Rebecca Rittenhouse. At first the pair tried to prolong a low profile of their love life but they came to limelight when they were spotted at a coffee shop in LA.
- Is he Married to GF? Not mean while he is not Single to.
There is no news about their upcoming plans. She is his best one GF; probably he won't be able to get best option then that one.
Crawford's relationship timeline states that three years ago he had an attachment with Manu Gavassi. Despite of these two he was dated to Erin Andrew, Amanda Laine and many more whose name are not mentioning here.
His expressions are natural and absorbing, his eyes are so good looking and his hairs are so stylish; SPEECHLESS he has a lovely smile that would attract all pretty ladies.


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Got something you can offer in a competition?
Newspapers and magazines will give you free editorial space in exchange for a prize. Your prize can be what you are selling. However, be prepared, the media will always want minimum prize values.
People don't want to talk to brands and logos, they want to talk to people. Add a photo of a real person to your social media accounts and don't always shout about your own business. Add personality to your brand using humor, graphics, and photos. This is a great way to get your customer's to warm up to you and your product or service. Start by adding a Facebook timeline image.


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The Oil Crisis in the Niger River Delta
The discovery of oil along Nigeria's coast in 1956 sparked hopes of an economic boom that would elevate the African nation's standard of living significantly. With the presence of an increasingly lucrative natural resource under their land and waters, Nigerians had a reason to be excited. However, transnational oil corporations—oil corporations that operate in foreign nations—also had reasons to be excited as the promise of oil wealth lured them to Nigeria. The presence of transnational oil corporations, combined with the ineffective nature of the Nigerian government and the myriad of ethnic groups, has led to a situation of political, socioeconomic, and environmental distress.
The objective of this policy brief is to investigate the impact of oil exploitation by Shell on the Niger River Delta and to explore governance alternatives for the oil crisis in Nigeria. The study is examined as follows:
· Introduction to Shell as a multinational oil corporation operating in Nigeria
· Overview of the Niger River Delta and environmental degradation as a result of oil exploitation
· Role of government and the corrupt interactions between the oil industry and Nigerian government
· Impact of the oil industry on local ethnic groups and the abuse of human rights
· Condition of Nigeria's social capital degradation due to the oil crisis
· Analysis of governance in terms of ecological modernization
· And a governance prescription as a guide for alternative development in Nigeria
Transnational Oil Corporations in Nigeria: Shell
Historically, Royal Dutch Shell has been one of the more significant actors in the Nigerian oil industry. It was Shell, under the name Shell D'Arcy, that first discovered oil at Oloibiri in 1956,[1] and it is Shell that currently exports approximately half of Nigeria's 2.1 million barrels of oil produced per day.[2] In addition, the corporation has been the target of recent violent protests by local residents in the Niger River Delta region. For these reasons, Shell is the corporation of focus for this policy brief as a good representative of the many transnational oil actors in the area.
Environmental Degradation in the Niger Delta Region
The Niger River Delta region is heavily endowed with both renewable and non-renewable resources.[3] As one of the world's largest river deltas, it has a coastal plain that stretches over 70,000 km2. It is home to Africa's largest mangrove forest, an extensive freshwater swamp forest, a high concentration of biodiversity, as well as home to many endemic species.[4] While the Niger River Delta places as the 13th largest producer of petroleum in the world, the heavy exploitation of these resources (especially oil) caused it to be ranked as one of the five most polluted and degraded locations on the planet.[5]
The wetland environments of Africa are the foundations and supports of the indigenous people who depend on their natural resources and ecology to sustain them. For years, the main livelihood of the indigenous people was based on farming and fishing.[6] In one tragic example of the disparity between past and present, children in the delta grew up believing that they would fish and farm as their parents did. However, because oil money dominates the area of the delta and pollution renders the water futile to fish, the young people eventually migrated to a city or attempted to get a job as a worker in the oil industry. Isaaz Osuoka, director of Social Actions in Nigeria, recalls the first time he saw frozen fish during the late 1970s when he was five: "We never had fish brought in from outside…We had no idea what frozen fish meant. There were rumors that this fish was kept in a mortuary…Today, there is not a single person in my community you could describe as a fisherman. We depend almost totally on frozen fish."[7]
Presently, the Niger River Delta remains one of the poorest regions, largely due to the exploitation of oil and gas and the state policies that unjustly seize the rights of the native people to use and manage their natural resources.[8] Furthermore, the activities of the oil corporations devastate the wetland coastal plain; severe environmental problems arise from oil and gas-related development activities, oil spills, refinery operations, oil transportation, gas flaring, dredging of canals, and from land taken for the construction of facilities. In the past fifty years, 1.5 million tons of oil have been spilled in the area, threatening the livelihood of twenty million people. Moreover, areas near such outfalls are subjected to chronic pollution, which is of significant consequence for fish resources and fisheries. Overall, the land has been rendered unproductive and the water too polluted for fish or human use.
Government in Nigeria
Stepping back a little, it is important to note that the Federal Republic of Nigeria formed after Nigeria declared independence from Britain in 1960. No longer a British colony, Nigeria was left to ensure its own future, whether prosperous or impoverished. From then until now, the deep corruption and centralization regarding the oil wealth has not essentially changed. In 1971, when the Nigerian government nationalized the oil industry and controlled the energy of the nation, Nigeria owned approximately 60 percent of the multinational oil operations onshore in the name of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation.[9] However, Nigeria never fully nationalized its oil reserves or industry, thus subjecting the nation to the revenue and lax regulation—economic and environmental—demands of the foreign transnational corporations.
Unfortunately, the Nigerian government works in favor of the oil companies more than it favors its own people. In a phenomenon commonly referred to as the 'revolving door syndrome,' certain government officials and corporate CEOs hold seats of power in either (or both) the Nigerian government or the oil corporations, then switch when their term has ended. Thus, the government and the oil corporations work closely together, especially when their members have stakes in both. Since 1960, corrupt government officials have stolen an estimated $380 billion from Nigeria's treasury, resulting in an 'institutionalized looting of national wealth.' Many local governments, of which there are 774 total distributed amongst 36 states, are also led by corrupt officials.[10] These local representatives, meant to represent their communities and states, are often bribed by the oil companies or federal government officials to represent the interests of the 'state.' With no voice for the people, locals have no way of effectively communicating their interests and demands to an already corrupt federal government.
The Nigerian government responds, for the most part, inadequately to anti-oil protests. When locals kidnap oil workers and turn to violence, the federal government responds in one of three ways: granting concessions; utilizing public relations; or resorting to security measures. To appease the communities, the government concedes to 'development projects' that are usually insufficient or ineffective, meaning that they do not successfully address the needs of the people. In response to rising oil protests, the government also willingly spends millions of dollars on public relations in order to counter opposition to or justify the oil operations. Furthermore, the federal government uses the state military and police to suppress or forcefully control dissidents and protestors who are threatening the security of the 'state.' Rather than take measures to increase federal government and corporate accountability or give control over the oil resource to the communities, the federal government instead uses its power to mollify protests and justify its forceful responses.[11]
Even though Nigeria transitioned from a military dictatorship to a 'democracy' in 1999, elections were and are still rigged and met with violence and fear. Leading up to the 2007 elections, over 300 Nigerians were killed due to political violence, and many potential voters were discouraged from voting from threats and apprehension. Politicians spur political violence by hiring unemployed men to attack rivals, intimidate voters, incite unrest, steal ballot boxes, and protect patrons. The lingering political violence after the elections are a result of politicians losing control over the gangs they had employed. Hence, the government itself is as responsible for the unrest in Nigeria as the oil industries.[12]
The Nigerian People
The establishment of oil multinational corporations in Nigeria has gone beyond the siphoning of a nation's opportunity for wealth all the way to the crippling of its people. Not only are the ethnic groups politically marginalized, but also most of locals who have been subsistence farmers and fishers their entire lives have been stripped of their sustainable livelihoods. Little power, if any, do these ethnic groups hold against Shell and the corrupt or unresponsive Nigerian government. Although the government has seemingly (yet unsuccessfully) made strides to 'democratize,' Nigerian locals still face repercussions, bribery, violence, and fear when it comes to being properly represented in politics. In addition to the complete disregard for human rights by both transnational corporations and the government, ineffectiveness by international organizations to empower Nigerians, and ethnic strife between minority and majority ethnic groups has created a rise in insurgent community groups, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and militant groups.
Moreover, the role of social justice in the Niger Delta region has played a huge role in the dynamics of the institution, shedding light on the suffering, hardships, and needs of minority ethnic groups. Over 250 ethnic groups fight for space, political power, voice, and natural resource rights in Nigeria. Some ethnic groups have more power than others, greater size than others, as well as more benefits and voice than others. While the dominant ethnic groups are the Hausa and Fulani, comprising 29% of the ethnic group population, two minority ethnic groups, the Ijaw and the Ogoni, making up 10% and less than 0.5% of the population respectively, have played a greater role in the protest against transnational corporations.
Led by Ken Saro-Wiwa, the Ogoni people formed the Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) in 1990, with a bill of rights, bringing light to the impoverishment of the people, the severely inadequate 'compensation' or 'concessions' for the oil drilled on their land, and the lack of social investment provided by either the government or the oil corporations. Ethnic groups such as the Ogoni desire autonomy, the right to fair use and control of economic and ecological resources, respect for their culture, and the right to fair treatment, no matter the size of the organization. MOSOP began its fight for the livelihood of Ogoni locals by holding peaceful protests and demonstrations. However, as time passed, some members of MOSOP saw Saro-Wiwa as ineffective, demanding increasingly violent actions. Following the murder of four Ogoni leaders who had openly split with Saro-Wiwa in 1995, a clearly biased trial led to the execution of Saro-Wiwa. With such severe institutional corruption and inability for mobilization of minority groups, the tragedy of the Niger Delta continued with the establishment of militant groups.
Two other more violent community groups include Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF) and Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) both mainly comprised of Ijaws. These groups became increasingly violent and demanding, through kidnapping of oil TNC workers, bunkering of oil lines, seizures of oil platforms, installations and equipment, disruptions of oil production, confrontations with state and military security forces, and militarization of the region. While other non-governmental organizations have been established, such as the Niger Delta Human and Environmental Rescue Organization (ND_HERO), Ijaw Council For Human Rights (ICHR), Environmental Rights Action (ERA), Oil Watch Group, and the Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (IHRHL), the people of Nigeria remain in abject poverty and insecurity.
Social Capital
At this point in the study, Nigeria's major oil multinationals have exacerbated not only the economic impoverishment and environmental infirmity of the Niger Delta region, but also the alienation of its numerous ethnic groups.[13] The Ogoni, Ijaw, Egbesu and other ethnic minorities have collectively recognized their national government's failure to ensure representation for the people of the Niger Delta region as well as their almost complete avoidance of accountability, both critical elements of any post-colonial government improvement program.[14] [15] Ultimately, social capital--already precarious in one of the world's most densely populated regions—suffers dearly.
Pretty and Ward's definition of social capital identifies several levels of cooperation to adjust for a degree of government nestedness.[16] While local connections flourish (facilitated by ethnic pride and oppression), local-local connections are diminished. Participation between ethnic groups occurs in part within the third sector, in keeping with Egels-Zanden and Hyllman's (2006) definition of NGOs: "governance without government." However, terrorism by resistance movements and militias helps deter cross-cultural cooperation—instead of encouraging collaboration, ethnic militias create in-groups and out-groups. Discourses in southern state youth movements focus on a "particularistic community identity" which is often solidified by membership in a secret society or confraternity.[17] So-called "area boys" enforce communal rights, morals and laws, essentially criminalizing the social capital of local, ethnic connections and pursuing a state of vigilantism.[18] Unfortunately, the state response legitimizes this response by deploying (often corrupt, begrudging and cruel) military occupation forces to subdue the gangs.
This is the result, in the eyes of militant youth groups, of their government's marginalization of southern state ethnic groups and its subsequent institutionalization of disorder. Though the government disagrees and sees youth movements as vectors to legitimize illicit activities (as rebellions against an oppressive state) or regressive steps toward a "re-traditionalization," the end effect is the same: social capital--its norms of reciprocity and trust, its shared interest in the future, the very concepts that make it attractive--goes out the window.[19] Pretty and Ward's element of communal homogeneity was never present explicitly in the Niger Delta region with its patchwork quilt of ethnicities, but any shared interest in environmental justice or political representation that may have provided a substitute has been repeatedly marginalized as the full extent of the "instrumentalized distribution and disorder" of Nigeria becomes clear.[20]
Environmental Governance and Ecological Modernization
The first diagram represents a straightforward, mechanistic diagnosis of the oil crisis. While this model recognizes a number of problems and may even recognize the situation as a crisis, Shell is absolved of any obligation to be involved in the many factors that constitute a sustainable cooperation of multinationals and local people. Environmental degradation, economic impoverishment and other components are seen as cause-and-effect. Ethnic resistance (in this reductionist view, essentially a rote Tribalism) is seen to exist on its own, beyond the reach of the current socioeconomic and political climate. Ultimately, in this model, a top-down commitment to corporate responsibility is the solution. In this way, and in its reliance on technical quick fixes, this model--unfortunately the one currently employed--fits the bill for a case of "weak" ecological modernization (Dryzek).
While the second diagram identifies many of the same problems, it acknowledges a number of pathways that lead to each and places the components into a circular, self-reinforcing network instead of an unfortunate string of events. For example, even if corporate responsibility is enacted, a lack of environmental regulation will still cause environmental degradation. The complexity of the diagram is representative of the complexity of any solution that seeks to address the central problems delineated within. All must be addressed as part of the same socioeconomic system, sorely in need of a reevaluation. This model is encouraged in place of the former one. With its holistic, involved approach and tendency to question second-loop (structural) problems as opposed to simple immediate cause-and-effect (reactionary) measures, it represents a move towards a stronger, more sustainable ecological modernization (Dryzek).
The following prescription for governance in the Niger River Delta is the result of a complex web of intertwined relationships between the government, society, environment and economy. No single component of the prescription is the key to restoring order in Nigeria, and none will be successful without progress of the others. Furthermore, the effectiveness of any action—whether public or private, domestic or international—depends on the reworking of national, state and local governments.
Public Accountability
Purging the Nigerian government of corruption is possibly the most important change required for successful management. The government needs to increase transparency, or openness, of its policies and actions to foster trust and collaboration with international organizations, corporations and local interest groups. Furthermore, international institutions (especially a more active United Nations) should hold the Nigerian government accountable for its actions by monitoring the government and sanctioning abuses.
Market Influence
Media coverage in the developed world can bring Nigeria's human rights and environmental degradation abuses to the attention of international shareholders who are the economic foundations of many corporations. If shareholders were more aware of the oil exploitation in Nigeria, they may choose to stop investing in the transnational oil corporations on moral grounds. Therefore, consumers can influence the market by actively refusing to support exploitation of the Niger River Delta's oil reserves, in essence holding the government and the oil corporations accountable for their actions.
Environmental Regulation and Stewardship
Once the government's corruption has been uprooted, progress becomes smoother in vanquishing environmental degradation and human rights abuses. Nigeria needs regulations such as mandatory and extensive environmental impact assessments, effective environmental protection agencies, and subsidies for environmental protection and revitalization, both domestic and international.
Minority Representation and Compensation
Violence from locals will continue indefinitely unless there is a more equitable and agreeable distribution of oil revenue. Revenue should be invested in not only the areas where oil is extracted from but also in non-oil-producing areas. Development cannot be discriminatory or biased against minority states if the government does not wish to exacerbate ethnic tensions.
Local Clean-up Crews: Creation of a Civilian Green Corp
In the long run, Nigeria should diversify its economy and become less dependent on its nonrenewable oil reserves. A domestic environmental cleanup industry should be created while initially funded by international aid. Ethnic groups can use indigenous knowledge to restore local ecosystems and build social capital by investing their pride and identity in the land that will sustain future generations. Eventually, rival ethnic groups may unite together with the goal of reversing environmental degradation, strengthening social networks and bonds.
In addition, assuming corruption in the federal, state and local governments has been purged, Nigeria may benefit from increasingly nationalizing its oil industry. If resource benefits are properly reinvested in public works and environmental remediation projects, nationalization may ensure a greater degree of natural resource security. Economic, environmental and social sustainability and security are goals that Nigeria should work towards over time, and no true progress can be made unless all dimensions of the oil crisis are considered as a whole.
Works Cited
Adams, W. M. "Indigenous use of wetlands and sustainable development in West Africa." The
Geographical Journal. Vol. 159, No. 2. July 1993: pp. 209-218.
Agence France-Presse. "Shell reports 169,000 bpd output loss in Nigeria." April 27, 2008. <http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080422/wl_africa_afp/nigeriaoilcompanyshellunrestoutput>.
"Criminal Politics: Violence, 'Godfathers' and Corruption in Nigeria." Human Rights Watch.
Vol. 19, No. 16(A). October 2007. <http://hrw.org/reports/2007/nigeria1007/nigeria1007webwcover.pdf>.
Frynas, George J. "Corporate and State Responses to Anti-Oil Protests in the Niger Delta."
African Affairs. 2001. <http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/100/398/27>.
Gore, C., Pratten, D. "The Politics of Plunder: the Rhetorics of Order and Disorder in
Southern Nigeria." African Affairs. 2003: 102, 407. p. 211-240.
Ikelegbe, Augustine. "Civil society, oil and conflict in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria:
Ramifications of civil society for a regional resource struggle." The Journal of Modern African Studies. 2001: 39, 3, 437.
Jike, V.T. "Environmental Degradation, Social Disequilibrium, and the Dilemma of Sustainable
Development in the Niger-Delta of Nigeria." Journal of Black Studies. Vol. 34, No. 5 May 2004: pp. 686-701.
K.K. Aaron. "Perspective: Big Oil, Rural Poverty, and Environmental Degradation in the Niger
Delta Region of Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. 2005: 11, 2, 127-134.
Klein, Naomi. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. New York: Metropolitan,
Manby, B. "The Price of Oil: Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria's
Oil Producing Communities." New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999. pp. 202.
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. "History of Nigerian Petroleum Industry." <http://www.nnpcgroup.com/history.htm>.
O'Neill, Tom. "Curse of the Black Gold: Hope and Betrayal in the Niger Delta." National
Geographic. February 2007.
O'Rourke, D. "Market Movements: Nongovernmental Organization Strategies to
Influence Global Production and Consumption." Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2005: 9(1-2).
Osuji, Leo and Augustine Uwakwe. "Petroleum Industry Effluents and Other Oxygen-
Demanding Wastes in Niger Delta, Nigeria." Chemistry & Biodiversity. Vol. 3. 2006: 705-717.
Osuji, Leo, Benjamin Ndukwu, Gordan Obute, and Ikechukwu Agbagwa. "Impact of four-
dimensional seismic and production activities on the mangrove systems of the Niger Delta, Nigeria." Chemistry and Ecology. Vol. 22, No. 5. October 2006: 415-424.
Polgreen, Lydia. "Corrupt Nigerian election a setback for democracy." International Herald
Tribune. 23 April 2007.
Pretty, J., Ward, H. (2001). "Social Capital and the Environment." World Development. 2001:
29(2). 209-229.
V. T. Jike. "Environmental Degradation, Social Disequilibrium, and the Dilemma of Sustainable
Development in the Niger-Delta of Nigeria." Journal of Black Studies. Vol. 34, No. 5. May 2004: pp. 686-701.
Matt Hintsa interviewed Professor Nicolas van de Walle, director of the Einaudi Center for International Studies at Cornell. Professor van de Walle's area of research lies in African political economies. Contributions from Professor van de Walle's interview were incorporated in the policy prescriptions as political and economic guidelines for Nigeria's oil crisis.
Mimi Liu interviewed Professor Philip McMichael of the Department of Development Sociology. Professor McMichael's area of research lies in International Development. Contributions from Professor McMichael's interview were incorporated in the policy prescriptions as political, social and economic guidelines for Nigeria's oil crisis.
Chris Bentley attempted to contact UNDP and ERA but never received a response. He planned to ask about the current role of non-governmental organizations and for suggestions on future actions.
Liz Moskalenko attempted to contact UNEP but never received a response. She planned to ask for UNEP's perspective on the environmental impact of transnational oil corporations and for suggestions on future actions.
Stacey Ng attempted to contact the Nigerian Student's Association at Cornell but never received a response. She planned to ask about the Nigerian people's perspective on how their lives are impacted by the oil crisis.
[1] Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. "History of Nigerian Petroleum Industry."
[2] Agence France-Presse. "Shell reports 169,000 bpd output loss in Nigeria."
[3] K.K. Aaron. "Perspective: Big Oil, Rural Poverty, and Environmental Degradation in the Niger
Delta Region of Nigeria."
[4] Osuji, Leo and Augustine Uwakwe. "Petroleum Industry Effluents and Other Oxygen-
Demanding Wastes in Niger Delta, Nigeria."
[5] K.K. Aaron. "Perspective: Big Oil, Rural Poverty, and Environmental Degradation in the Niger
Delta Region of Nigeria."
[6] Adams, W. M. "Indigenous use of wetlands and sustainable development in West Africa."
[7] O'Neill, Tom. "Curse of the Black Gold: Hope and Betrayal in the Niger Delta."
[8] K.K. Aaron. "Perspective: Big Oil, Rural Poverty, and Environmental Degradation in the Niger
Delta Region of Nigeria."
[9] O'Neill, Tom. "Curse of the Black Gold: Hope and Betrayal in the Niger Delta."
[10] Polgreen, Lydia. "Corrupt Nigerian election a setback for democracy."
[11] Frynas, George J. "Corporate and State Responses to Anti-Oil Protests in the Niger Delta."
[12] "Criminal Politics: Violence, 'Godfathers' and Corruption in Nigeria."
[13] Klein, Naomi. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism.
[14] Gore, C., Pratten, D. "The Politics of Plunder: the Rhetorics of Order and Disorder in
Southern Nigeria."
[15] Manby, B. "The Price of Oil: Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria's
Oil Producing Communities."
[16] Pretty, J., Ward, H. (2001). "Social Capital and the Environment."
[17] Gore, C., Pratten, D. "The Politics of Plunder: the Rhetorics of Order and Disorder in
Southern Nigeria."
[18] Gore, C., Pratten, D. "The Politics of Plunder: the Rhetorics of Order and Disorder in
Southern Nigeria."
[19] Pretty, J., Ward, H. (2001). "Social Capital and the Environment."
[20] Gore, C., Pratten, D. "The Politics of Plunder: the Rhetorics of Order and Disorder in
Southern Nigeria."


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GEEKS: Rwanda. Rubona (near Rubavu on Lake Kivu). Paradis Malahide Cottages and Camping. Friday 31 July. Week 14, day 110.
I record these rather dry details for the benefit of others needing hard data when planning their travelling in these areas. I hope some find it handy if not interesting.
Kibuye – Kibali road initially – Mashubati village – Nkomero village – Kivumu – Pfuma – Rubavu – Rubona.
Total distance and time taken.
110km, 4hr 45min.
Route details.