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1849 $1 PR65 NGC....Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
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The Garrett-Pittman Gem Proof
1849 $1 PR65 NGC. Ex: Pittman-Richmond. The obverse has a
tiny imperfection within the triangular opening of the 4. Tiny
projections or rust pits are attached to the tips of three dentils
below and left of the 1. The reverse is the usual proof die that
has two tiny defects on the right diagonal of the final A.
1849 Seated Dollar
The number of surviving 1849 proof Seated dollars is unknown, although various past estimates have placed the quantity in the range of six to 10 examples. David Akers claimed just six proofs survive, while Walter Breen recorded eight in his Proof Encyclopedia. Our roster below provides an accounting of eight different pieces that have appeared at auction since the arrival of third-party grading in 1986:
1. PR67 NGC. Phil Kaufman (Heritage, 4/2008), lot 2392.
2. PR65 NGC. J.C. Randall (W. Elliot Woodward, 9/1885), lot 73; Garrett Collection (Stack's, 3/1976), lot 266; John Jay Pittman (David Akers, 5/1998), lot 1679; Richmond Collection (David Lawrence, 11/2004), lot 1514; Jack Lee Collection (Heritage, 11/2005), lot 2237, which realized $80,500. The present coin.
3. PR65 PCGS. Frederick Geiss (B. Max Mehl, 2/1947), lot 344; Floyd T. Starr (Stack's, 10/1992), lot 592; Larry Share Collection; American Numismatic Rarities (1/2005), lot 680; American Numismatic Rarities (7/2005), lot 1308.
4. PR65 NGC. Louis E. Eliasberg, Sr. (Bowers and Merena, 4/1997), lot 2216; Heritage (8/1998), lot 8195; Rod Sweet Collection (Bowers and Merena, 7/2005), lot 1010.
5. PR64 NGC. Amon Carter Collection (Stack's, 1/1984), lot 257; Queller Family Collection (Heritage, 4/2008), lot 2146; Joseph C. Thomas Collection (Heritage, 4/2009), lot 2590.
6. PR64 NGC. Kenneth C. Long (Bowers and Merena, 5/1995), lot 1219; Heritage (1/1996), lot 5638; Heritage (9/1997), lot 7170; Dr. John L. Pellegrini Collection (Heritage, 7/2005), lot 10264.
7. PR58 PCGS. Heritage (8/2004), lot 6368.
8. Impaired Proof. Stack's (10/2000), lot 1240.
This piece is boldly struck with excellent obverse and reverse details, including bold rims and borders, sharp head details, complete feather details, and sharp claws and leaves. The powder-blue toning is accompanied by traces of tan-gold and forest-green, with considerable remaining silver brilliance. The fields are fully mirrored around lustrous devices, with considerable cameo contrast.
From The Bay State Collection, Part Two.(Registry values: N10218) (NGC ID# 24ZZ, PCGS# 6990)
Weight: 26.73 grams
Metal: 90% Silver, 10% Copper
View all of [The Bay State Collection, Part Two ]
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Rolling out the merchandise! Bring in vendors, food and fun! Check out all the cool wheel of a deals under the canopies.
It's an ever-changing Thursday night shopping event at the Maple Ridge Night Market located right next door to the A&W 'Show & Shine'. 5:30PM – 9:30PM, 4th Thursday of every month.
Maple Ridge Night Market
22709 Lougheed Highway, Maple Ridge
Ring: 604.460.8300

subset: commoncrawl


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About Handmade & Vintage
Handmade & Vintage was created by me, Trudi Davies, in 2011 as a way of finding new uses for old things.
The company puts a twist on old, handmade objects to give them a new lease of life so they can find a place in modern homes.
I am particularly fond of/obsessed with vintage children's fabrics, old tapestries and embroidered and printed linens but I will happily find a new use for almost anything from plastic cowboys to tables! Old, forgotten things re-purposed, embellished and ready to use in your home... come and explore the offerings...
The company is based in Brighton. It sources stock from the UK and Europe and believes that reusing and recycling handmade goods will make a home a happier place.


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50 Cent and Rick Ross simply don't like each other, so it's no surprise that the G-Unit mogul had a quick response to reports that Ross' Rolls Royce was shot at this morning in Fort Lauderdale.
Fif responded on Twitter by saying the incident doesn't look legitimate.
50 added a pic of the vehicle to further illustrate his point.
What are your thoughts on the shooting?
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text: Human Rights Observatory Analysts Predict Peaceful Mozambique Vote Despite Violence Mozambique was, until recently, considered a rising star in Africa, and was on an upward trajectory after the discovery of natural gas. But recent spurts of violence between government forces and former rebels have shaken that course. Can Mozambique get back on track as local elections approach later this month? Mozambique is preparing to hold municipal elections on November 20, an event that has been overshadowed by a recent but limited outbreak of...Read complete article© Voice of America - Friday, November 8, 2013


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Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most likely cause of abscess and cellulitis infections, according to recent study findings published in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.
"S. aureus causes infections ranging from localized pustulosis to invasive cases in neonates and infants," according to background information in the study. "The emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus has complicated the diagnosis and management of S. aureus infections in this age group."
The study included 179 healthy infants aged 60 days or younger with positive cultures for S. aureus.
Researchers found that participants aged 30 days or younger were more likely to have CA-MRSA infections compared with participants aged 31 to 60 days (62% vs. 43%, respectively). The most common diagnoses were abscess/cellulitis (n=94) and pustulosis (n=40). Urosepsis (n=1), pneumonia (n=4), meningitis (n=3), osteomyelitis (n=1) and bacteremia without a focus (n=2) were among the diagnosed invasive infections.
"This is the largest study of CA-S. aureus infection in infants <60 days old," researchers wrote. "We found an overall yearly decrease of S. aureus infections among healthy infants ≤60 days old at [Texas Children's Hospital] during this 5-year study. The decrease in infections may be explained by a combination of changes in the overall prevalence of S. aureus infections and/or health care providers being more comfortable managing infants with S. aureus infections as outpatients."
Disclosure: The study was funded in part by Pfizer.
American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference & Exhibition
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Bank of Slovenia
Laws and Regulations
Monetary policy
Financial stability
Banking Supervision
Deposit Guarantee Scheme
Resolution of banks
Payment and Settlement Systems
Banknotes and Coins
Central Credit Register
Policy Strategy Paper for Slovenia, 2016
Administrative penalties
Stress tests 2013 - 2014
Report of the Bank of Slovenia on the causes of the capital shortfalls of banks (for National Assembly)
Credit institutions and registers of payment and electronic money institutions
List of numismatic products
The library
Register of transaction accounts
Press Releases
In the second quarter of this year, in Slovenia the economy moved from the recovery phase into the expansion phase. GDP in the second quarter was up 1% on its pre-crisis peak. More: Press release
Publication: Summary of macroeconomic developments, October 2017; Economic and Financial Developments
The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is warning users of the risks to which they expose themselves if they purchase, store or invest in virtual currencies.
Press release
In light of questions in several media outlets in relation to "letters sent to Mario Draghi, the governor of the ECB, by Boštjan Jazbec, the governor of the Bank of Slovenia" (Siol, 15 November 2017), we can provide the clarifications. More
Programme of the European Commission, European Investment Bank and Bank of Slovenia Joint Investment Conference Unlocking the Investment Potential, 16 November 2017, Ljubljana; Photos
Press release
ECB Press release
Monthly Bulletin October 2017
To mark the 26th anniversary of the introduction of the Slovenian tolar, the Bank of Slovenia held its now traditional presentation of prizes to students from Slovenian universities for the best master's and doctoral theses in the area of finance. Prizes were awarded for five theses. More
In the role of the Governor of the IMF's Board of Governors, Governor Boštjan Jazbec will attend the meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC). More
Growth in loans to the non-banking sector is strengthening: the year-on-year rate increased to 5.1% in August. Press release
New Bank of Slovenia Working Papers: V. Sivec, M. Volk: Bank Response to Policy Related Changes in Capital Requirements and B. Banerjee, C. Dunnett, M. Lindič: Employment and wage adjustments during the crisis period: Evidence from Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) data for Slovenia.
The 3rd Policy Research Conference of the ECBN - European Central banking Network is starting today in Ljubljana. At conference 18 central banks will present their findings, regarding effectiveness of Macroprodential policies.
Using EU-SILC individual-level data, authors analyse the public-private sector wage premium in Slovenia in the period from 2004 till 2014 taking into account only occupations that have employees in both, public and private sector.
Mojca Roter, Mojca Lindič, Matija Vodopivec: Wage differential between public and private sector in Slovenia
This year and in the next two years Bank of Slovenia expect economic growth in Slovenia to be among the highest in the euro area - 3.5% in 2017, 3.1% 2018, 3.0% 2019. More: Press release
Publications: Macroeconomic Projections for Slovenia, June 2017; Financial Stability Review, June 2017
To mark the 100th anniversary of the May Declaration, the Republic of Slovenia is issuing collector coins today. Press release (11 May 2017)
A new €50 banknote with upgraded security features starts circulating today, on 4 April 2017. More...
Journey of €50 banknote
President of the Deutsche Bundesbank Dr. Jens Weidmann give a speech at the Bank of Slovenia. Speech "Current Developments in the Euro Area" is available here.
Mario Draghi, the president of the European Central Bank, is visiting Slovenia today at the invitation of Boštjan Jazbec, the governor of the Bank of Slovenia.
Press release, speeches
The coin 10th anniversary of the introduction of the euro in Slovenia
Exchange rates and precious metals prices
Interest rates
3.5 %
GDP growth in 2017 is projected by Bank of Slovenia.
Source: Press release
mio EUR was a pre-tax profit of the banks in Slovenia end of March 2017.
is projected inflation (HICP) for 2017.
Source: Macroeconomic Projections for Slovenia, December 2016
million EUR of founding assets has Bank Resolution Fund.
Source: Bank of Slovenia
of GDP was the general government debt at the end of the year 2015.
Source: Summary of macroeconomic developments, February 2016
Economic and Financial Developments, October 2017
Monthly Bulletin October 2017
Summary of macroeconomic developments, October 2017
Employment and wage adjustments during the crisis period: Evidence from Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) data for Slovenia
Bank Response to Policy Related Changes in Capital Requirements
Roter,Lindič, Vodopivec: Wage differential between public and private sector in Slovenia
Summary of macroeconomic developments, August 2017
Financial Stability Review, June 2017
Annual Report, year 2016
RETHINKING MONETARY–FISCAL POLICY COORDINATION: Proceedings of a seminar jointly organised by the Bank of Slovenia and the International Monetary Fund, Apr. 2017
Working Paper:J. Radovan: Short-term forecasting of Slovenian GDP using monthly information
Handbook for MSME NPL Management and Workout
All publications
Report of the Bank of Slovenia on the causes of the capital shortfalls of banks and the role of the Bank of Slovenia as the banking regulator (March 2015)


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1In small bowl, beat dressing ingredients with wire whisk until smooth; set aside.
2In 1-quart saucepan, heat water to boiling over high heat. Stir in rice. Heat to boiling. Reduce heat to low; cover and simmer 5 minutes. Remove from heat. Let stand covered 5 minutes. Fluff with fork; cool slightly.
3In large bowl, toss rice, carrots, peas and onions with dressing. Let stand at room temperature at least 10 minutes to blend flavors.


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OCEANSIDE - While this coastal city has a history of contentious politics, City Council candidate George McNeil wants to bring respect and civility to the city government.
After moving to Oceanside in 2001, McNeil said he attended many council meetings to find out what was happening in the community.
The 66-year-old retired educator said the way council members glared and rolled their eyes at one another dismayed him and his wife, Maggie, stopped attending the meetings with him because of the antics of the elected officials.
"I have seen a number of communities' councils and none are as dysfunctional as this one," said McNeil, who spent about three deacades years working as a high school teacher and administrator in the suburbs of Philadelphia before moving to San Diego in 1993. "I would like to work to change this."
McNeil said he wants to establish a tone of respect on the council that would allow the elected officials to work together for the benefit of the city.
Shortly after coming to Oceanside, McNeil said he met many of the key political players because he joined the Manufactured Home Fair Practices Commission and the committee that created a plan to turn the 465-acre city-owned El Corazon property in central Oceanside into a massive park with a couple of hotels and large shopping centers.
McNeil said he sides with Mayor Jim Wood and Council members Esther Sanchez and Shari Mackin on several controversial issues, such as opposing a freeway interchange at Rancho del Oro, supporting large raises for police and firefighters earlier this year and arguing that the airport must be self-sufficient.
Wood contributed $2,000 to McNeil's campaign, and McNeil said he has also received advice from Melba Bishop, a former councilwoman who is active behind the scenes in Oceanside politics.
Even so, McNeil said he wouldn't vote on an issue based on political alliances and will work with all of his fellow council members.
"It all depends on the issue," said McNeil, who has received the support of the Democratic party and the Oceanside police and fire unions.
McNeil was born in Scotland and moved to the suburbs ofPhiladelphia when he was 16 years old. He enrolled in Villanova University at the age of 16, and received a bachelor's degree inphysics and a master's degree in counselling.
The counseling degree will be more of a benefit on the council, McNeil jokes, and he said he decided to pursue the topic after becoming interested in education.
McNeil, who became a U.S. citizen at 22, worked as a teacher, counselor and administrator in Philadelphia. After moving to San Diego, he served as principal of Chabad Hebrew Academy, an orthodox Jewish school in Scripps Ranch, despite him not being Jewish.
In addition to education, sports have always also been a part of McNeil's life. His father played professional hockey in Europe and during college McNeil played hockey and Rugby.
In his mid-40s, McNeil traded in his hockey skates for running shoes. He has raced in nine marathons and has completed the 26.2 miles in less than 3 hours and 30 minutes several times.
"The biggest thing I have learned is that teamwork is so important," said McNeil, who also coached the soccer teams of his six children who are now between the ages of 34 and 44.
McNeil, who has 20 grandchildren, said the biggest downside toward being on the council would be having to go back to work for 40 to 60 hours a week.
But he said he doesn't feel old and that he really wants to help Oceanside reach its potential.
"He has a lot of foresight and is not just reactive," said Maggie McNeil, who has been married to her husband for 44 years. "He is an analytical person who tries to work with everyone so no one loses. He is a politician in the best sense of the word."
- Contact staff writer David Sterrett at (760) 901-4067 or email@example.com .


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Hookers at the Point
November 19th, 2002 | Published in Uncategorized
Rated down the middle. The director is following up on his documentary Pimps Up, Ho's Down by concentrating on the hookers this time. It's disjointed in construction. Bleak, bleak viewing. Amateur cultural anthro types might enjoy the intense look at a grim sample of the culture around prostitution.
Pimps fans may expect the same sardonic voice, but it isn't present in this one. It's just a documentary about people who whore for crack and lose all their teeth by the time they're 30.


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#Bangladesh hit by new deadly attack at start of #Eid. At least two policemen and an attacker were killed by explosions during a prayer service for the start of Eid.


text: I'll try and make this as concise as possible. I've been looking for a voip app to use for a while when in no service areas with wifi and internationally. I finally found one sorta. Tikl is a push to talk walkie talkie type of app but the voice quality is amazing only over wifi. Here's the problem. Under menu - settings - about phone - status - phone number....your number is stored. Tikl uses that number to give you your ID so that basically everyone has one and they don't have to make one up for you. My issue while trying to play with it over wifi in airplane mode is that number isn't stored in the phone at all times. I'm guessing it is retrieved from sprint when it accesses the network. If you start your phone up in airplane mode under menu-...-number it says unavailable. Tikl app can't read what your number is so it doesn't allow you to use the app. This isn't the biggest deal in spotty service areas, because most likely your number is already stored, but I wanted something pretty reliable to use over seas and this thing is great. You can even talk on a party line with multiple people at once. Any ideas on a work around. I'm thinking I've got a better chance working with the people that make the app (which I'm doing) but wanted to see if anyone had some thoughts. Also if anyone knows if this is how all sprint phones work or if just the Moment works like this.


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Dear blogging friends, I am one for reading more than one book at the same time. Don't judge me! I am strictly monogamous with my husband, thank you very much, I can afford a less honourable behaviour with books. It's not just tiredness and … Continue reading
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Why some people are better than others – Part 2, The Drunken Cook
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Farewell Branston, dearest friend
Today I lost a dear friend. He was 97 and we hadn't know each other very long, and yet his passing has left a huge hole inside my soul. My skull feels painfully tight and my teeth ache. I am desolately heartbroken. He … Continue reading
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The lady in the van
I am having a little bit of an obsessive dive into the world of one specific author: Alan Bennett, the intelligent, sell deprecating, highly observant British screen and play writer, in fact, Northern English screen and play writer (UK fellow … Continue reading
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I was listening to the radio a couple of mornings ago and who did I catch chatting away about her new book? I will not keep you guessing, dear blogging friends: guessing games could take some time and my news … Continue reading
Posted in books, books that influence, Books, reading, reviews, reading, reviews, women in fiction Tagged chatting away on the breakfast show of a serious radio channel – Serious with a capital S. For the non-royalists it was The Patricia Cornwell of Kate Scarpetta, dear blogging friends: guessing games could take some time and my news is too urgent for banter. It was Dame Patricia Cornwell, I was listening to the radio a couple of mornings ago and who did I catch chatting away about her new book? I will not keep you guessing, not just some passing commentator dispensing Christmas tips to commuters. atricia Cornwell, that's who it was Leave a comment
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Mar 25, 2012 - 10:47 pm
Hi all - I am 3 1/2 years out.I am basically feeling "ok" except for pelvic stiffness and pain which i mentioned before.My other main complaint is not having strength.i just dont have the physical stamina i used to have.I am learning golf and after three holes..had to pack it in.There are times when im standing with people and have to find a seat because i can't stand too long..I know i have to work on my inner core...more exercise too...I have no strength in my legs either.If i bend down to pick something up,i must hold on to something and "pull " myself up.Any body there going through this???? thanks ..alyse
May 06, 2012 - 1:18 am
I'm so sorry to hear about your hip, Alyse. I just scheduled my first bone density scan for next week and I'm glad that I did. Thank you for sharing those stats and I will pass this on to my GP and will explore preventative measures.
Lots and lots of prayers your way in the days and weeks ahead.
Jun 07, 2012 - 12:35 am
encouraged to read all these comments. after chemo and radiation for anal tumour couldn,t understand the pain and deterioration in my hip lower back and sacral. i now know the severe scar tissue, confirmed by my specialist is causing problems plus after effects of the radiation. it has been a slow deterioration .am working hard at stretching exercise and infrared and antinflammitory meds. my dr. has been no help and my specialist said he new nothing about back problems. yet my husband remembers my cancer specialist at the time said i could develope these symptoms. i am not going mad after all. thankyou for sharing your experiences. this site has been so great. God Bless.
Apr 26, 2012 - 3:40 pm
I have that stiffness too .I,m about 16 months out of treatment.I dont have the get up and go like i use to have .I,m slow moving some times i walk like i,m a lot older then i am .And If i go shopping or something and i,m on my feet for a few hour . I'ts hard to even get in the car i have to pick my leg up and put it in.I,m like you i can't stand too long i have to set down.I,m trying to walk every day a little more. shirley
Apr 28, 2012 - 5:26 pm
I'm 45, just past a year after treatment finished and I have these issues/problems. (Is it going to get worse??) :(
Stiffness, awkwardness, unstable, hip and upper thigh muscles that still burn and cramp, (And the cramps just hit fast and hard and I have to move my leg another way to get out of that 'area' that cramped.) my upper arms, my arse still hurts (pinching sensation at times and just generally tender and sore.)
My stamina and energy level tank. Walk a bit and then either squat or try to find a wall to learn against or a chair to sit in.
Standing up is always a surprise, I never know if it's going to be smooth or plop back on my arse. Sometimes I need a hand up, sometimes I don't. Sometimes I need to stand still for 30 seconds to a minute to let my body know I'm standing again before I can move forward. (talk about frustrating.) And going up and down stairs, yeah, go grab something to eat, I'll be there in a few minutes.
My mother (in her sixties) out walks me. The only one who keeps my pace is a 23 month old. My great niece. (And I have a feeling she's about to be out of my league really soon.)
I just started a supervised exercise program. (60 day program) Strength training and cardio work outs. (I'll be honest, the supervision isn't great or incredibly helpful, but they are nice and they do try to help.) But I've got my port in my left shoulder still in and a herniated ostomy so my work outs are mild. (Drives me nuts, I went from feeling really comfortable with my strength to this and taking 'baby' steps again is killing me. I want to push my work outs and have to remind myself to go slllloooowwww...argh!!) lol
Jul 06, 2012 - 10:33 pm
I am no nutritionist but I suffer from spasms in the legs also and notice some subsiding with a product called "Calm" which I actually bought because I was going to visit my mother-in-law - no joke. Anyway, just bought some more because it is helping me in so many ways - better digestion and less muscle spasms. Evidently it helps balance out the extra calcium we need to put into our systems and digest the fats and carbs I seem not to be able to resist. Just a thought. There are other magnesium supplements I haven't tried that may be as good or better.
May 04, 2012 - 12:28 pm
Hi all..I am scheduled for full right hip replacement may24th.i will have the surgery at Hospital for Special Surgery.They say the recovery is about 4-6 weeks.So will keep you all in the loop...Hugs ...alyse
May 04, 2012 - 3:08 pm
I will be keeping you in my thoughts and prayers for a successful surgery and quick recovery. It sounds like you are going to a very good facility that will give you top-notch care. Thanks for keeping us posted. Hugs!
May 05, 2012 - 3:40 pm
I am glad you are diagnosed and on the way to recovery. It's a total bummer at this point but soon you will not have the pain you have now anymore. Yessssssssssss! A friend of mine here just told me she has a hip fracture and needs a new hip also. She has not had anal cancer. It is weird to have a fracture and not to have fallen or anything but it happened to her also. At least you and the rest of us here can point to radiation as a cause!
Is there anything they can offered to give you or any of us to take to prevent more fractures?
All the best,
May 06, 2012 - 1:43 pm
i had osteoporosis and penia before tx. had been on fosomax and evista for years. of course, after tx they did bone density and osteo is worse so MDA injects me with Reclast once a year and we will see. i still take ca plus d 3 times per day and more d every other nite. so yes, you need ca plus d . 1200 to 1500 mg per day. sephie
May 11, 2012 - 6:33 pm
Yikes. Thanks. I was not taking enough. I am also taking Green Viberance since I don't juice and putting Brewer's Yeast on my cereal now. Anything to feel better and hopefully avoid this bone thinning problem being of Caucasian descent seems to cause and exacerbated by our treatments. I drink unsweetened Almond milk now so I can drink more for less calories and love it but still need supplementation. Digestive problems seem a little better. Trying to stay away from Diet Coke but it's hard.
Jul 06, 2012 - 11:17 pm
I recently was diagnosed with osteoporosis. Reclast has been recommended but after reading all the side effects I've decided not to take it and take my chances. Have you had any side effects. I feel that my body is still recovering from chemo and radiation and I don't want to subject it to something else. Maybe I'm wrong...
Jul 07, 2012 - 12:11 pm
ann, I was told at MD Anderson to try the Reclast and that they had had no one that had severe side effects. i did not have any so far but i have only had one year's worth of it. i go on july 16 to get my 2nd shot. it really has not helped much but i was not doing weight bearing exercises due to the fact that every movement pulled on my anus and caused pain, bleeding , inflammation. i am now trying to walk a little but have to stop when it causes problems. i will be 3 years post tx july 20. i am afraid of it also but will try one more year and see. sephie
Jul 07, 2012 - 2:41 pm
Ann, I was referred to an endocrinologist for osteopenia. She recommended Reclast, but like you, after reading the side effects, I decided not to do it. I already have major issues with my gums and my dentist advised against Reclast, due to the necrosis it can cause to the jawbone. I seem to be doing just fine with taking calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D supplements. I also do lots of weight bearing exercise--running--but it's not necessary to run to strengthen bones. You might want to google exercises for osteoporosis--there are lots of things you can do to help strengthen your bones.
Jul 07, 2012 - 3:49 pm
I'm taking supplements now including 50,000 units of vitamin D twice a week because it was low. I'm thinking about purchasing a treadmill. I do keep active and moving. I've also ordered a exercise DVD for osteoporosis. Also thinking about enrolling in Silver Sneakers program that is offered by my health insurance. I just figure I'll take my chances. My body has been through enough. So the next time I see my colorectal dr on the third floor, I'll take the stairs...lol!
Jul 08, 2012 - 8:29 am
I have a treadmill but don't use it anymore since I got the elliptical. It is much better on the knees and a better overall workout because it also works the arms. If you want an easier workout there are bars to hold so you don't have to work your arms if you choose not to.
Jul 08, 2012 - 11:47 am
Cheyenne, I agree that an elliptical trainer is much easier on the knees. I'm just not sure how good it is for getting weight bearing exercise. I'm still a treadmill fan (but one with creaky knees!).
Jul 08, 2012 - 12:21 pm
This is an article I found that discusses the benefits of various forms of exercise. In addition to the elliptical I also swim (summer only) and do weights using a weight system about 3 times a week.
Jul 09, 2012 - 1:12 am
Thanks for your input! I was going back and forth between a treadmill and elliptical and think I found something that's a little of both - a crosswalk treadmill. So I can work upper body while walking on treadmill. Haven't purchased it yet. Guess I could go to a gym, but it's more convenient to work out at home. I need to get a copy of my DEXA scan report to read just how bad my bones are... I've read that exercise and supplements can improve bone density.
Jul 09, 2012 - 8:18 am
We belonged to a gym years ago. I would get frustrated when I had to wait on certain pieces of equipment. I also had to really motivate myself to get ready just to go to the gym. We had a room in our basement that wasn't being used. It is 10'X 20'. We bought a 3 station weight system, a stationary bike and a treadmill. We covered the floor in those rubber like tiles that you can get at home depot and had our own little "in home" gym. We later added a stationary bike. Oh, and a television hooked up to cable. In the beginning the monthly payment for all the equipment was less than the monthly fee for the gym. Now it's all paid off. And I can work out in my p.j.s if I want! :o)
Jul 09, 2012 - 9:12 am
You and I must be related! I have a home gym too--weight machine, treadmill, bike on a trainer and lots of free weights--in my basement. I would not do well getting up in the morning and getting myself off to the gym either. I'm sure our equipment has not even come close to the cost of a gym membership for all those years. Before I had all this equipment, I burned up two Nordic Track machines, which are very good cardio and easy on the joints. However, I broke my foot a few years ago and it no longer wanted to bend enough to do the motion of the cross-country ski machine anyway. Keep up the good work!
Jul 09, 2012 - 9:19 am
I meant we later added the Elliptical. That's what I get for not proof reading.
Jul 09, 2012 - 7:44 pm
Yes, it's more convenient to have exercise equipment in one's home and besides who want to get out in 110 plus degree temps in the summer to go to the gym??? lol! Even though I can have free access to a gym through Silver Sneakers program I'd rather exercise at home.
Jul 09, 2012 - 7:51 pm
You sound determined to get started on an exercise program, so you'll find a way! I would give up a piece of furniture to make room for a treadmill, bike, etc! I agree, getting out and having to drive to the gym is just more than I could do on a regular basis and keep my interest in it. Good luck with your fitness program!
Jul 09, 2012 - 9:22 pm
I found a very compact elliptical. It hardly takes up any space. I put it next to the railing near my staircase (so I can hold onto the staircase rails while using it) and it works quite well. It's certainly not as good as the full size machines but being in a small condo with no space and no cellar - it works quite well. The price on Amazon says $87 but I know I got it for less (I probably bought it from another place, can't remember).
Jul 10, 2012 - 1:07 am
Yes, I've seen that one and have wondered how it works so thanks for your input! Living in Arizona I don't have a basement for a fitness center - lol! I was thinking that I would have to hold on to something since it doesn't have handles.
Jul 10, 2012 - 2:16 pm
I ordered one from Target last night (free shipping). It arrives next week. Looked at various websites and didn't find one less than $87. I'll start out small and work my way up to the big machines - lol!
Jul 10, 2012 - 1:02 am
Thanks for your encouragement! I don't want to crumble away after all I've been through! lol! Besides there are germs at the gym...lol! Yes, I plan to make room for a treadmill.
Jul 14, 2012 - 1:33 pm
I workout at home and love it - especially the part about doing it in my pajamas!


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The Dallas Stars will unveil a new uniform and logo June 4 at the AT&T Performing Arts Center in Dallas.
Owner and Governor Tom Gaglardi, President and CEO Jim Lites, General Manager Jim Nill, Executive Advisor and Alternate Governor Mike Modano and Stars forward Jamie Benn will all be a part of the special event.
Special invitations to the event were sent in May to the media and full-season ticket holders.
"Since Tom Gaglardi took over as owner, we have been working diligently on a rebrand that is classic, simple and true-to-hockey," said Lites. "This event will showcase the results of that process to our loyal fans and will also provide us with an opportunity to announce several new developments about the future of our franchise."
The team said that, in addition to showing off the new logo and uniform, they'll address the current state of the franchise and will make a significant announcement regarding the 2013-14 season.


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text:
Trying green and purple now, after Paul and bevanite complained about the blue. I was just scrolling quickly past the list of tags that I've added to this page, and all I glimpsed was 'Keanu Reeves', 'Marlon Brando', 'Michael Fabricant'... Every girl's dream trio.
Postscript. Sorry, didn't like the green. The blue is much nicer. Why should we let the devil have all the best colours?


text:
MIDDLEBURY — Plattsburgh, ranked No. 3 in NCAA Division III, blanked the Middlebury College men's hockey team this past Saturday, 3-0. The 12-2-1 Cardinals took a 22-21-4 edge in the all-time series between the schools.
The 4-6-4 Panthers will look to snap what is now a five-game winless skid (0-4-1) during league games at Colby and Bowdoin this Friday and Saturday.
On this past Friday, neither team scored in a fast-paced, evenly played first period in which both squads put eight shots on goal.
MIDDLEBURY — The Middlebury College women's basketball team won two out of three recent games, splitting a pair of weekend NESCAC games on the road before winning a non-league home game on Tuesday. The Panthers (10-5, 2-2 NESCAC) return to action on Sunday afternoon at Williams.
On this past Friday, host Tufts (the No. 12 team in NCAA Division III at 13-2, 4-0 NESCAC) pulled away late for a 57-37 win over the Panthers.
MIDDLEBURY — Former longtime Middlebury College men's hockey coach Bill Beaney has been named the recipient of the John MacInnes Award by the American Hockey Coaches Association (AHCA). The award is one of eight major honors given out by the organization, which will honor recipients on April 27 at the 2016 AHCA Convention in Naples, Fla.
ST. ALBANS — Host BFA-St. Albans cruised to an 84-38 victory over visiting Mount Abraham Union High School in a Lake Division boys' basketball game on Monday in St. Albans.
The Bobwhites improved to 5-8, while the Eagles carried an 0-12 record into a Wednesday night home game vs. Middlebury. The 1-9 Tigers were looking to snap a four-game skid in that game, which was played after the Wednesday morning deadline for this edition of the Independent.
MIDDLEBURY — Middlebury College field hockey coach Katharine DeLorenzo capped off a memorable season by being named the NCAA Division III National Field Hockey Coaches Association Coach of the Year. The national honor is the second for the Panther head coach, who also earned the accolade after the 2003 season.
MIDDLEBURY — The Middlebury College women's hockey team picked up a pair of non-league wins at home this past weekend to improve to 7-3-3. The Panthers, ranked No. 7 in NCAA Division III, return to action at Kenyon Arena this weekend, when they host NESCAC rival Bowdoin on Friday at 7 p.m. and Saturday at 3 p.m.
On Friday, the Panthers edged Utica, 2-1, as Rachael St. Clair and Katarina Shuchuk each scored their first career goals and goalie Kiana Verplancke made 25 saves for her first collegiate win. The Panthers outshot Utica (9-5-1) by 33-26.
VERGENNES — The Middlebury Union High School girls' basketball team took charge with a first-half run at Vergennes on Saturday and held off Commodore surges to claim a 43-35 victory.
Defense sparked MUHS in a game that left both teams' records at 5-5. The Tiger press forced 27 Commodore turnovers, at least six in every quarter.
MIDDLEBURY — Panther men's basketball coach Jeff Brown earned his 300th victory at Middlebury College this weekend when his team swept two home NESCAC games.
The two wins pushed Brown's career record at Middlebury in 19 years to 300-181. That record is the most victories ever by a Panther men's basketball coach, and he owns the best winning percentage by a coach who has led the team for more than seven games. The Panthers will look to add to that victory total this coming Sunday, when they host Williams at 3 p.m.
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ST. JOHNSBURY — Host St. Johnsbury defeated the Middlebury Union High School boys' hockey team on Saturday, 3-1, despite the Tigers' 44-17 edge in shots on goal.
The loss was the third straight for the Tigers, all on the road, and it dropped them to 7-4-1. MUHS scored just two goals in the three setbacks, and will look to bounce back with a pair of 7 p.m. home games this week, vs. Stowe on Wednesday and vs. North Country on Saturday.
ADDISON COUNTY — Mount Abraham won its second straight road game to highlight girls' basketball play in the latter half of last week. In other action, Otter Valley split a pair of home games, while Vergennes lost a road contest.
The Commodores also hosted Middlebury on Saturday; see story on Page 16.
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Photo of Sun tattoo w/ 2 face of sun + moon w/ a large star tatto ourside
You Got there amazing , tattoo i really like it honestly i was thinking to put same something , but actually i dont wont to copy yours, hmm so i got to figure out how mine should look differently from yours. Great choice, cool !
by Vlado


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Captain America: The Winter Soldier
New CAPTAIN AMERICA: THE WINTER SOLDIER Details On 'Steve Rogers'' Arc And S.H.I.E.L.D.
While the sequel's screenwriter explains how they plan to make Cap less boring, and give him more of an arc, Empire mag's spread on
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
reveals pivotal S.H.I.E.L.D. info.
Filed Under: "
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
Source: Empire Magazine
Compared to the quirkiness of Tony Stark or the otherworldly Thor, Steve Rogers' all around good guy values can apparently come off as "boring" on-screen. Speaking with
magazine, co-screenwriter Christopher Markus explained how
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
will give the Super Soldier depth.
"What helps us get past the pious Boy Scout that he could turn into is that he doesn't really want to be this guy,"
he says.
"He would prefer to be Steve Rogers just walking down the street, helping people sometimes.. He felt the call when the War came. He's kind of the still centre and things happen around him and are influenced by him. It's interesting in this movie, for instance, to watch his relationship with Black Widow, who of course has a very different outlook. It can make it difficult with executives who often want arcs. It's very difficult not to sound lazy when you go, 'Well, he doesn't really have an arc'"
Though exact details as to what S.H.I.E.L.D. is up to in
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
have been kept to a minimum, the latest issue of
magazine also reveals that the defense organization will be using surveillance in the form of drones. They not only pose a problem for Steve Rogers - "this isn't freedom, it's fear" - the the development of the drones will have roots in current real-world controversies.
"What made '70s thrillers interesting is that it was a very complicated time.We were peeling back the curtain with Watergate and realizing how corrupt the system was,"
says co-director Anthony Russo.
"Now, again with the proliferation of social media, you can blow the whistle on the NSA and it can be round the world in 30 seconds. And we have the morality of drones. It is right to preemptively use them to kill suspected terrorists prior to any sort of trial? So the times we're living in are even more complex."
What do you think?
Some time ago, Hasbro previewed their
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
toy line which included what appeared to be a S.H.I.E.L.D. drone. While it was said to have no connection to the film, with today's news, that's probably untrue and we may already know how the drones will look in the sequel. Hopefully they'll be more distinctive from those Hammer drones from
Iron Man 2
After the cataclysmic events in New York with The Avengers, "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" finds Steve Rogers, aka Captain America, living quietly in Washington, D.C. and trying to adjust to the modern world. But when a S.H.I.E.L.D. colleague comes under attack, Steve becomes embroiled in a web of intrigue that threatens to put the world at risk. Joining forces with the Black Widow, Captain America struggles to expose the ever-widening conspiracy while fighting off professional assassins sent to silence him at every turn. When the full scope of the villainous plot is revealed, Captain America and the Black Widow enlist the help of a new ally, the Falcon. However, they soon find themselves up against an unexpected and formidable enemy — the Winter Soldier. Starring Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie, Cobie Smulders, Frank Grillo, Georges St-Pierre, Hayley Atwell, Toby Jones, Emily VanCamp and Maximiliano Hernández with Samuel L. Jackson and Robert Redford, "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" is directed by the team of Anthony & Joe Russo from a screenplay written by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely and is based on the ever-popular Marvel comic book series, first published in 1941. Marvel Studios' President Kevin Feige is producing the film. Executive producers on the project include Alan Fine, Louis D'Esposito, Victoria Alonso, Michael Grillo and Stan Lee. The creative production team on the film includes director of photography Trent Opaloch, production designer Peter Wenham, editors Jeffrey Ford, A.C.E. and Mary Jo Markey, A.C.E. and three time Oscar®-nominated costume designer Judianna Makovsky. "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" is set for release on April 4, 2014.
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text:
A Civil Breathing
Glenn Arbery, Ph.D.
In a recent memoir about his childhood, the famous neurologist Oliver Sacks describes his discovery, at the age of twelve, of the periodic table-the arrangement of the elements into horizontal rows and vertical columns according to the regular repetition of their chemical properties-in the London Science Museum in 1945:
In that first, long, rapt encounter in the Science Museum, I was convinced that the periodic table was neither arbitrary nor superficial, but a representation of truths which would never be overturned, but would, on the contrary, continually be confirmed, show new depths with new knowledge, because it was as deep and simple as nature itself. And the perception of this produced in my twelve-year-old self a sort of ecstasy, the sense (in Einstein's words) that "a corner of the great veil had been lifted."[i]
The periodic table was first formulated in 1869 in Mendeleev's Principles of Chemistry, a 1200-page tome that Sacks claims (somewhat to his reviewer's disbelief) that he devoured. Nowhere in it would Sacks have found any evidence that the ancient elements informing this lecture series-earth, air, fire, and water-were elements at all. Water is formed by the combination of two hydrogen atoms with an atom of oxygen; earth is obviously comprised of the heavier elements in complex geological strata of great age; fire is the phenomenon of combustion, involving oxidation and reduction; and air, the ancient element that I will be discussing tonight, might properly be called instead the atmosphere. Given what he already knew of the properties of matter, imagine telling the precocious twelve-year-old Sacks that "air" was an element.
Encyclopedias no longer dignify "air" with its own entry. Britannica online, for example, thought that I might have wanted "Air Jordan," "air transportation," "air warfare," or "air pressure"-among others-instead. The Columbia suggested that I refer to "atmosphere"; "liquid air"; or "ventilation." This is somewhat distressing, since fire, water, and earth at least have entries. What is this atmosphere, formerly known as air? A mixture of gases, held close to the planet by gravity. "Calculated according to their relative volumes," the Sixth Edition of the Columbia Encyclopedia says, "the gaseous constituents of the atmosphere are nitrogen, 78.09%; oxygen, 20.95%; argon, 0.93%; carbon dioxide, 0.03%; and minute traces of neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, xenon, and ozone." Obviously, though, the word airstill has a general usage, even scientifically speaking. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency uses an Air Quality Index (AQI) "for five major air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide." And as I'm sure you know from the summertime alerts, Dallas is particularly subject to harmful ground-level ozone in level orange or level red. But although it is necessary for the health of the city to think about air quality in this way, this approach remains distant from the nature of elemental air as I want to consider it. When Ivan Illich thought about water in a conference here twenty years ago, he reflected that "H2O is a social creation of modern times, a resource that is scarce and that calls for technical management. It is an observed fluid that has lost the ability to mirror the water of dreams." The air of the "air quality index" is the same kind of social creation, an observed mixture of gases, but not the stuff that imagination works on.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "element" comes from a Latin translation of the Greek work stoicheion-which meant "a component unit of a series; a constituent part of a complex whole (hence the 'four elements'); a member of the planetary system; a letter of the alphabet; a fundamental principle of a science." Considered as a chemical element, air has no reality; considered as an element of the imagination of matter, it remains indispensable, along with earth, fire, and water, as a part of the complex whole that the mind apprehends. As we have heard several times in this series, the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard-himself a respected scientist-believed it possible to "establish in the realm of the imagination a law of the four elements which classifies various kinds of material imagination by their connections with fire, air, water, or earth." Bachelard's own work on the element of air, Air and Dreams: An Essay on the Imagination of Movement, was published in 1988 by the Dallas Institute in the series edited by Joanne Stroud, this translation by Edith and Frederick Farrell. "In a truly complete psychology," writes Bachelard, "imagination is primarily a kind of spiritual mobility of the greatest, liveliest, and most exhilarating kind" (2). The aerial imagination-the imagination of air-is exactly this kind of movement or mobility. Like air itself, the aerial imagination cannot be held or contained without violence to its very nature: think of holding your breath; think of a closed room in which no air stirs; think of the spirit Ariel in Shakespeare's The Tempest, wedged into an oak by the witch Sycorax and freed by Prospero-his constant desire for his release, for absolute freedom. The particular quality of moving air is to lighten; when something is aerated, it is breathed into, freshened, lifted out of its own weight, inspired-that is, filled with spirit, spiritus, breath. Bachelard locates the aerial imagination primarily in the motion of ascent and the imagery of wings, but it is also associated with the sudden plummeting fall, the sense of the abyss.
Bachelard has written more profoundly about the element of air than anyone. Even so, it doesn't seemaerial enough to be reporting on what Bachelard says, since his book speaks for itself. One of Bachelard's major concerns in Air and Dreams is distinguishing the imaginary from the image as the root of imagination. "The basic word in the lexicon of the imagination is not image but imaginary," he writes. "Thanks to the imaginary, imagination is essentially open and elusive. It is the human psyche's experience of openness and novelty" (1). What I want to do, then, is take my own way. As I imagine this talk, it takes on three variations of a single motion-the first through the terrible aerial images of the past six weeks; then through a kind of metaphorical air space or air time, where ideas and images move; then into a meditation on what might still lighten and inspire us.
I start with a question: why have the first terrorist attacks on America been aerial ones? First, there were the hijacked airliners; now, the menace is inhalation anthrax-the opposite of a civil breathing. The effect on the imagination of the two kinds of threats is radically different. It might seem strange to speak of the effect on the imagination, as if these were somehow artistic phenomena; the difficulty is, of course, that they were designed to bring about a particular emotional effect that relates only in part to the actual damage done or the numbers killed. Each kind of terrorism relies for its real effect on its almost instantaneous transmission by the media, but I will get back to that point in a moment. Let me concentrate for now on what these attacks are as images.
Of the two deadliest attacks on September 11, those on the twin towers of the World Trade Center and on the Pentagon, the one that dominates our memories is the more aerial of the two. When I first heard about the attacks that Tuesday morning, we were dropping one of our daughters off at school; Ginny had to go inside with her for some reason, and while I was waiting, I turned on the radio. The NPR commentators were speaking about a fire high up in one of the towers of the World Trade Center, and they were speculating about it, wondering whether an airplane might have struck the building by accident. I remember very distinctly that they ruled out the weather as a factor, because it was a beautiful, clear morning in Manhattan. As we listened, the second airplane struck, and the whole reality of the situation began to sink in. Not until later that day did I see the actual images: the one of the second plane striking the north tower, the image of a huge airliner penetrating the building high above Manhattan and the globe of jet fuel exploding through the other side. It took place so far above street level that it seemed, as Louise Cowan said in the first of these lectures, that what was happening was like a theomachy, a war among the gods-something on a mythic level. From that horrific vision, the mind ran through other images that naturally occurred: what it would be like to be onboard those planes, what the workers who looked up from their work to see the airplane coming at them thought in that last instant, what those trapped in the floors above the explosion did in the instant they knew (some of them, remarkably, called home to say goodbye), and what the men who did this must have felt to be able to do it-how they could have studied and trained for years, mastering the air, as it were, for this one deed. Imagery of air kept returning-the sheer ascendancy of the attack and the terrible fall that resulted from it. Even before the towers collapsed, people on the floors above the fire were jumping out into the open air a hundred floors above the street rather than stay in the flames.
In a piece written for The New Yorker after the attacks, the novelist John Updike describes how he had been visiting relatives in Brooklyn with his wife when the planes hit. The apartment building where they were staying, on the tenth floor, had a clear view of the World Trade Center and lower Manhattan. A child called them to the window after the first tower was hit; they were looking at it in the same puzzled way as the NPR announcers seemed to be when the second explosion occurred:
And then [Updike writes], within an hour, as my wife and I watched from the Brooklyn building's roof, the south tower dropped from the screen of our viewing; it fell straight down like an elevator, with a tinkling shiver and a groan of concussion distinct across the mile of air. We knew we had just witnessed thousands of deaths; we clung to each other as if we ourselves were falling. Amid the glittering impassivity of the many buildings across the East River, an empty spot had appeared, as if by electronic command, beneath the sky that, but for the sulfurous cloud streaming south toward the ocean, was pure blue, rendered uncannily pristine by the absence of jet trails. A swiftly expanding burst of smoke and dust hid the rest of lower Manhattan. . . . New Yorker (This section also contains Susan Sontag's controversial piece.)
Notice in Updike's description the almost involuntary cognizance of the imagery of air-the sulfurous cloud, the pristine blue sky on that day when, across the rest of the country, the usual overhead noises and jet trails ceased altogether, and the air uncannily reverted to silence. In Manhattan itself, though, smoke and dust choked everyone who tried to breathe it; there seemed to be no air left. What air there was prompted a number of analyses in the days and weeks after the attacks-concerns about the longterm health effects of inhaling asbestos and other particulate matter. No one would even say that the air one breathed also carried the ashes of the dead.
By contrast, the Pentagon crash seemed, after awhile, unfairly omitted from references to what happened on September 11. There was no footage of the actual crash, as there was with the second tower in New York, and fewer people were killed there. But analyzing it now, I am also struck that it lacked the aerial spectacle, the sheer verticality of the twin towers, where heroism and escape and death moved on an upward axis. For the terrorists, it must have been a powerful image of the towering hubris, the aerial overreaching, of America, brought low by its own ubiquitous aircraft. The attack on the Pentagon was on ground level, it damaged only part of the building, and it seemed to rely on the idea that the Pentagon is the center of American military power, rather than on the immediate effect of the visual image. As animage that would galvanize our enemies, it was less effective than the fall of the World Trade Center; for Americans, it has seemed to me-I hesitate almost to say it-that if the dome of the Capitol had been struckinstead of the Pentagon, or struck as well, the symbolic injury to the nation would have been much more terrible.
The attack on the Capitol has been aerial in another sense: a letter sent to Tom Daschle at the Senate Office Building, containing so-called weapons grade anthrax, acts by being inhaled. When this information emerged a week ago, the House of Representatives shut down. Since then, at least two postal employees from the Brentwood post office where the letter was handled have already died, two others are critically ill, and now a dozen or more other cases have been termed suspicious. If these cases are all related to the letter sent to Senator Daschle, then the purpose of the attack seems to be tied, not only to the fear attendant on the loss of lives and the uncertainty about who might be affected, but to the envelope itself. If you recall, the return address was 4th Grade / Greendale School / Franklin Park, NJ. What was this address supposed to signify? Several things immediately come to mind. First and most obvious, the post office employees and the staff of Senator Daschle would have been disarmed by the thought that this letter was a patriotic class project of some sort, perhaps a letter of encouragement and support organized by the teachers at the Greendale School in the wake of the September 11 attacks. It had the air of American innocence about it, even the block lettering. "Greendale" sounds somehow bucolic: the fourth grade class of a school in a green dale in a town with a park in its name. There are a number of Greendale Schools in the United States-in Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and Virginia, for example-but apparently not in Franklin Park, New Jersey, though no one handling the letter had any reason to know that. The envelope is coded, so to speak, to summon up images of healthy children and fresh air, but, in fact, even to breathe near the envelope proved deadly, and as of yesterday, no one knew why. The best theory was that the sorting machines pressed anthrax spores out through openings in the envelope. Inside the envelope when it arrived, dated 9-11-01, the letter contained this message in the same block lettering: "You can not stop us. We have this anthrax. You die now. Are you afraid? Death to America. Death to Israel. Allah is great." The relation between the envelope and the letter and the bacteria also seems coded: a reminder that fourth graders elsewhere are already being trained to use weapons and hate the West. A woman quoted inThe New York Times Magazine last Sunday told the reporter, "'I named my son [about four years old] Osama because I want to make him a mujahid. Right now there is war, but he is a child. When he is a young man, there might be war again, and I will prepare him for that war. In the name of God, I will sacrifice my son, and I don't care if he is my most beloved thing. For all of my six sons, I wanted them to be mujahedeen. If they get killed it is nothing. This world is very short. I myself want to be a mujahid."
Perhaps it will be impossible to prove any connection between the anthrax attacks and the hijackings on September 11. Nevertheless, at least a link seems to be there. Like the use of commercial airliners, this attack also seems calculated to spoil the openness and novelty of our national imagination. It inverts the imagery of inspiration, of that lightening and freshening, that taking in of boldness of spirit, that has characterized America in the New World-a nation enamored with motion, as Faulkner recognized so well. Whatever our vulgarity or arrogance, a spiritual mobility has kept expressing itself in a lightening of matter itself that seeks the whole air for its expression. In the most recent bio-terrorist attacks, it is as though the hidden enemy, playing on our belief in a golden age fable of green dales and parks, had tempted us to inhale the air of the abyss. In an editorial yesterday, The New York Times said that the terrorists had attacked the aviation industry and the postal service-travel and communication. I would add this, thinking of the motion of the images given virulent life: in both kinds of attack, the ascendant imagination of air is subverted; air becomes the domain of the enemy.
This new suspicion would not be possible, on the other hand, without the use of air in other senses. The Oxford English Dictionary [of which I have become inordinately fond after recently listening to Simon Winchester's The Professor and the Madman] finds the first uses of the phrase "in the air," meaning "in the moral and intellectual atmosphere of the time, in men's minds everywhere," in the 1870's. The sense of "in the air" or "up in the air," signifying a state of doubt or uncertainty, dates back at least to 1797, when Thomas Jefferson used it. The first discovered use of air, "considered as a medium for the operation of aircraft; a collective term for aircraft or aerial power," in the dictionary's elegant phrasing, was in a letter written in 1917, in which Admiral John Fisher said, "The air is going to win the war." "On the air," used to describe a radio transmission, first occurred in print in 1927; its use for television turned up in 1955. If air has become the medium of war, then in large part, it is the war for power over opinion, the war for the mind.
Obviously, there is nothing new about this: Hitler, Roosevelt, and Churchill all seized upon the powers of the air waves in every sense, beginning seventy years ago. 2400 years ago Socrates was already working out a way of philosophically testing opinion inculcated, not only by the Sophists with their manipulative use of rhetoric, but also by the poets who shaped the city's understanding of divine and human things. The ancient quarrel between philosophy and poetry centers on the power of doxa, opinion or belief, and the way that it forms cities. Poetry-and I mean poetry in the broadest sense, for the Greeks including epics, tragedies, comedies, hymns to the gods, and other lyrics-positively provides an insight into the divine powers and the relations between gods and men, an image of the cosmos as a whole, a narrative shape to the paradigmatic human experiences, and a kind of attunement of appropriate emotions. Poetry, in this sense, would include (for Socrates) the Greek equivalent of Bible stories, hymns, and so on. Together, these constitute the air of doxa, but they also eventually tend to be trapped in structural literalisms that imprison, so to speak, the moving air of the imaginary. Socratic philosophy acts in an essentially negativeway, by questioning the images-for example, asking whether it is true that Zeus chained his own father in Tartaros or committed numberless adulteries-and in doing so, clearing the way for a new consideration of what might really be divine.
This ancient quarrel has a new relevance because we now face enemies whose beliefs make them capable of long, intelligent preparation for suicidal attacks and righteous murder. Opinion, belief, doxa is very much the issue. As Westerners, we are committed to Enlightenment ideas of religious toleration; we recognize that everyone, no matter how religious, has to neutralize some of the thrilling, righteous force of belief in the interests of a livable political society. The willingness to guide an airplane into a tower of the World Trade Center-to have the act doubled, then tripled with the Pentagon attack-stuns us. But as Slavoj Zizek writes, "Is the obverse of this surprise not the rather sad fact that we, in the First World countries, find it more and more difficult even to imagine a public or universal cause for which one would be ready to sacrifice one's life?" Zizek "Public or universal" seems to me the way a Westerner would describe the cause; for the hijackers, the cause was undoubtedly religious, but extremely personal as well, in the sense that honor was at stake. This present war against an elusive enemy seems particularly to be one waged in the sphere of world opinion, not so much against terrorism per se, or even the Taliban or al Qaeda, as against a particular form of Islamic doxa. Because we seem to be attacking something specifically Islamic, it becomes increasingly difficult to separate what we are attacking from Islam per se. In the last few days, I have seen worried stories beginning to appear about the continued air war in Afghanistan; we look like the world's greatest power annihilating "one of the poorest countries, where peasants barely survive on barren hills," as Zizek puts it. Official protestations that the war is not against Islam but against terrorists begin to seem meaningless, because the enemy only needs the Western media to show on the air that the civilians victims of the attacks are Islamic to arouse antipathy toward the United States across the Islamic world.
Air proves to be the ripest medium, in this respect also, for an attack on the West. The air war, regardless of how effective it eventually is in military terms, might prove to be another attack on us, even an argument after the fact for the terrorists' use of airplanes. Perhaps because Islam has prohibitions against representative art, its most militant mujahadeen seem to have a particularly keen sense for the disruptive power of images-or, more to the point, for effective memes. Once again, the O.E.D.: a meme is "an element of a culture that may be considered to be passed on by non-genetic means, esp. imitation." The biologist Richard Dawkins coined the word meme because he wanted a noun to signify "the idea of a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation" that would be the cultural equivalent of the gene as a replicator. "Examples of memes," he writes, "are tunes, ideas, catch-phrases, clothes fashions, ways of making pots or of building arches."
Dawkins' examples have been expanded far beyond what he might have imagined. In a recent article, Susan Blackmore (who published a book called The Meme Machine in 1999) distinguishes memes and "complexes of memes" from non-memes according to whether they are culturally transmitted. Anything that tends to get culturally replicated by being insistently imitated qualifies as a meme. The Nazi straight-arm salute is a meme. Pokémon and wearing one's baseball cap backwards are memes, as are phrases that catch on and get repeated everywhere-"yadda-yadda-yadda" or "outside the box" or "at the end of the day." Among memes are such things as "Stories, urban legends, myths / Clothing, hairstyles, [and] body piercing"-but Blackmore also includes (and I assume that these would be "complexes of memes") "Religions / Inventions, theories, science / Judicial systems, democracy." Dawkins himself wants to say that any religious faith is a meme or a virus; he actually puts Jim Jones (whose devotees all committed suicide) in the same sentence between John Wesley and St. Paul, as if there were no distinctions between them as "particularly potent infective agents." It seems to me arrogantly reductive to say that deeply held belief is simply a complex of memes; for example, Blackmore wants to say that "subjective experiences" and "complex emotions" are not memes, but some of the most complex emotions we have stem from our participation in stories, myths, religions-even, as we have seen, in science, as Oliver Sacks attests. If we are standing outside a culture philosophically, doxa seems to me a better term. But there is also something appealing about applying the word meme to discrete cultural entities.
In an article last Saturday in The New York Times, Michiko Kakutani brought up the term to describe the effects of the anthrax attack when so many things about the terrorists are still up in the air:
Uncertainty provides just the sort of environment in which rumors thrive. . . . What people tend to pull in from the Internet and television are those ideas and images they find most compelling; these "memes" – to use a term coined by the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins back in 1976 – then spread from person to person through conversations, e-mails, bulletin boards, chat rooms and instant messages. What makes a meme spread quickly enough to cause a cultural epidemic? In the bookThought Contagion, Aaron Lynch suggested that anxiety-inducing memes tend to spread more quickly than others, because their carriers are driven by an urgent need to proselytize. . . .
These memes have what Lynch calls a certain "stickiness" that makes them particularly effective. Kakutani goes on,
The fear of anthrax infection is a very real and legitimate worry in an America still recovering from Sept. 11 and reeling from new reports of exposure. At the same time, however, it is also a remarkably hardy and widespread meme that has taken hold of the nation's collective unconscious – a mind virus spread by word of mouth and amplified by our electronic media, an epidemic that has united the country, but united it in anxiety and dread. Kakutani
The broadcast media and now the Internet might almost be said to exist for the airing and instant transmission of memes. The images of September 11 are memes in this sense; that letter from the 4thGrade at Greendale School is a meme, as is the text of the letter-all replicated-by the media (and by me); the anthrax itself, as Kakutani suggests, is more a meme of fear than a physical threat. The media seem to have a particular avidity for broadcasting anything that will keep the attention of viewers, and memes keep the audience-not long, connected discourses, with complicated arguments based on careful reasoning, and not poetry, with its rich inner complexities and its accumulating form-but quick, airable memes; each one gets rerun, replicated, until its effectiveness is supplanted by the next one.
Dostoevski, so remarkably prescient about the 20th century in so many ways, seems also to have anticipated this kind of infection of opinion in the 21st. In the Epilogue to Crime and Punishment, he describes an apocalyptic dream of Raskolnikov in prison in Siberia:
He dreamt that the whole world was condemned to a terrible new strange plague that had come to Europe from the depths of Asia. All were to be destroyed except a very few chosen. Some new sorts of microbes were attacking the bodies of men, but these microbes were endowed with intelligence and will. Men attacked by them became at once mad and furious. But never had men considered themselves so intellectual and so completely in possession of the truth as these sufferers, never had they considered their decisions, their scientific conclusions, their moral convictions so infallible. Crime and Punishment (Warning: this is the whole book)
In the dream, the plague goes on to destroy the whole world, except for the few "destined to found a new race and a new life, to renew and purify the earth." This kind of apocalyptic vision seemed to recede from us at the end of the Cold War with the advent of globalization; now, the possibility that we could destroy each other seems greater because we are globalized. As Larry Allums said to me the other day, it is as though the effects of the Cold War on the rest of the world are only now beginning to return upon us. But does the plague of microbes more accurately describe the moral convictions of the terrorists themselves, or the thinking of the modern West since the Enlightenment, or the "thought contagion" that is the effect of the terrorists' creation of anthrax memes? In Raskolnikov's dream, the microbes, like memes, are ideas as self-replicating beings that use us parasitically, that ratchet into our emotions, or worse, into our logic, and overcome our judgment by their automatic replication. Well-educated minds might be able to resist the plague, but Dostoevski does not say so. The well-balanced heart seems more important to him than the acute Socratic intellect; the mind's logic has to be governed by the heart's reason.
At the beginning, I said that I wanted to move by the end into something that might freshen the imagination and lighten us. What has emerged, though, is a different direction. The terrorists' air war of memes depends on keeping us on the air, up in the air-keeping us, as Oliver Sacks one of his patients who has suffered a profound memory loss-""fluttering, restless, bored, and lost." A headline this morning reads, "Fighting a New Health Threat, On the Fly." Being merely "up in the air" differs profoundly from the openness and novelty of the aerial imagination. The most effective move on September 11 was immediately grounding all the air traffic in the country. One of the difficulties now is the national attempt to maintain a false buoyancy-the pretense that, no matter what, we are still up. Imaginatively, at least, the way up is down. We need an imaginative grounding, a slowing and deeper incarnation of our impulse to mobility that will not remove the threat, but might perhaps restore our spiritual balance.
In Book V of Milton's Paradise Lost, the angel Raphael has come to warn Adam of the danger of the tempter who approaches to spoil the happiness of the garden state (the motto of New Jersey, it struck me as I wrote this phrase). Adam and Raphael have a meal together, and in their conversation, Adam asks the angel to explain how it is that he can enjoy the lowly meal in Eden as much as "Heaven's high feasts." Raphael answers in this way:
O ADAM, one Almightie is, from whom
All things proceed, and up to him return,
. . . . one first matter all,
Indu'd with various forms, various degrees
Of substance, and in things that live, of life;
But more refined, more spiritous, and pure,
As nearer to him placed or nearer tending
Each in their several active Spheres assigned,
Till body up to spirit work, in bounds
Proportioned to each kind. So from the root
Springs lighter the green stalk, from thence the leaves
More aerie, last the bright consummate flower
Spirits odorous breathes: flours and their fruit
Mans nourishment, by gradual scale sublimed
To vital Spirits aspire, to animal,
To intellectual, give both life and sense,
Fancy and understanding, whence the soul
Reason receives, and reason is her being,
Discursive, or Intuitive. . . .
As each thing tends toward God, in other words, it becomes more "spiritous," more "aerie." As in nature generally, so in the body. Man's food literally feeds his basic bodily functioning, his senses, his fancy (Milton's term for the image-making power), and his understanding-all of which, in turn, feed reason, "by gradual scale sublim'd." Raphael's speech is intended to prevent Adam from accepting the offer soon to by made by the serpent-the meme, so to speak, of effortless, instantaneous elevation ("You shall be like gods"), which contains the terrible fall. The angel's appeal is to Adam's reason, in the highest sense. He goes on to say that in the course of things,
time may come when men
With Angels may participate, . . .
And from these corporal nutriments perhaps
Your bodies may at last turn all to Spirit
Improv'd by tract of time, and wingd ascend
Ethereal, as wee,. . . . (5:469 ff.)
The tendency of all things is toward the air, but the way up is through gradual sublimation, a kind of discursive progress. The appeal to reason, in some ways the most aerial faculty, is also an appeal to the acceptance of finitude and the exercise of patience.
A rarely quoted passage from Thoreau's chapter "Spring" in Walden echoes this kind of ascent. Thoreau has been describing a descent: the way that sand flows down a bank, forming veins, thinning and spreading out as it goes. :
You find thus in the very sands an anticipation of the vegetable leaf. No wonder that the earth expresses itself outwardly in leaves, it so labors with the idea inwardly. The atoms have already learned this law, and are pregnant by it. The overhanging leaf sees here its prototype. Internally, whether in the globe or animal body, it is a moist thick lobe. . . ; externally a dry thin leaf. . . . The feathers and wings of birds are still drier and thinner leaves. Thus, also, you pass from the lumpish grub in the earth to the airy and fluttering butterfly. The very globe continually transcends and translates itself, and becomes winged in its orbit.
I have omitted Thoreau's meditations on words and word sounds, though he sees the same tendency in them-lobe to leaf, for example, the f as a pressed and dried b. He is led into this meditation, not by yearning upward, but by paying attention to the earth. Doing so, as in the passage from Milton, paradoxically yields an ever airier and more mobile imagination of the great globe itself.
This is a windy season. As Philip Tabb told us two weeks ago, it is the season associated with wind, with St. Michael, with the west, with conquering the serpent, or, in another interpretation that is perhaps not so different, understood in the right way, pushing the ascendant spirit down into the earth. Looking out the window of this building yesterday morning, I was watching the trees-catalpa, elm, and pecan, all beginning to turn, all in a kind of range of color between dark green and pure yellow, the oak still mostly green. The wind had a different motion in each tree. Some of the leaves would let go in the wind and I could watch them trying out their aerodynamics; some of the partly dried and curled catalpa leaves, in particular, showed an extraordinary beauty of motion on the way down, loops and curves and sudden ascents. I was reminded of my first fall in New Hampshire, when the winged seeds of the huge old maple trees were whirling down everywhere like rotors on the wind and the leaves floated in a constant drift. Seeds cannot germinate until the husk itself rots-until the wings dissolve into the earth, under the winter rain and the mulch that the leaves make. Everything works for us, not in the same way, but through the imaginarythat plays off the cycle of periodic death and renewal. That elemental descent seems to me what we need to imagine now-a season, as it were, off the air, under the surface, waiting for the veil to be lifted.
[i] Quoted in M. F. Perutz, "Growing Up Among the Elements," a review of Oliver Sacks, Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (New York: Knopf, 2001) in The New York Review of Books, November 1, 2001, p. 46.
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Familiar Lectures on Botany: Explaining the Structure, Classification, and Uses of Plants, Illustrated Upon the Linnaean and Natural Methods, with a Flora for Practical Botanists
F.J. Huntington, 1852 - Botany - 505 pages
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