text:
Come and visit us at our new site: www.unprocessedmoms.com
It's pretty much the same thing, just more user-friendly.
If you had signed up for our email, you can do so again at the new site.
We will not be posting here anymore.
Kate and Amber
Come and visit us at our new site: www.unprocessedmoms.com
It's pretty much the same thing, just more user-friendly.
If you had signed up for our email, you can do so again at the new site.
We will not be posting here anymore.
Kate and Amber
I hesitated to click on the link that my friend, Genevieve, had posted on her facebook page. Her post had a link to trailer for Forks Over Knives, and her update simply said, "GO.SEE.THIS.FILM." My first impulse is to scroll right past it so as to not deal with the inner conflict that movies like Forks Over Knives will inevitably create for me. See, I know that I am on a path to illness and disease. I know this and yet the addiction to processed foods and sugar feels louder and bigger than I am. Food – fatty, rich, salty, buttery, saucy, sweet food – has been my comfort and my blanky for YEARS. So, not having food means having to learn to cope with discomfort and anxiety and loneliness and overwhelm all by myself.
I've scratched this surface several times in therapy and in grad school (where I studied to become a therapist to help others through this kind of addiction pattern) but it is an issue that persists. Maybe it's time to look at it again. I'm older now, I've learned a few more skills, I've got a few more tools in my toolbox than before.
Honestly, this is my Goliath. This is my Mt Everest. It feels so. damn. huge. I'm watching my parents age, and age with a lot of pain and disease and discomfort and frustration. I'm watching them take medication after medication and see doctor after doctor. I see them and I think, "I don't want to be in that much pain and discomfort when I am 65." Yet, I know that I am on the exact path that they are, just a few years behind.
I'm going to start by watching the movie, Food Inc. I've never seen it and I hear it's a life changing film. Exactly why I haven't watched it. I might also get out my Geneen Roth books that I read years ago and see what new info jumps out at me this time around. Any recommendations from any of you former fast-food junkies for a struggling addict?
This (awesome) video is San Diego specific, but this link isn't. Click to get connected with the Environmental Protection Agency's website for information about your local recycling programs.
I've added a new tab to our blog: LOCAL. This section will be for local San Diego environmentally and ethically conscious companies that we trust.
Last night, as I looked through the beautiful toys and clothes at Magical Child, I had an opportunity to talk to Meri, the owner, about how she chooses which toys to sell. As we were talking, I laughed at one of the toys my 5 year old had been playing with; a miniature plastic recycling bin. It seemed ironic! Meri explained why she chose, after holding out for 5 years, to start selling plastic toys in her natural toy store. She said "there are only so many wooden toys a kid can have." (And she sells all the good ones.) "Wooden toys are wonderful, but they are expensive and kids sometimes get bored with them after a while." So she chose to go with a couple of European companies who sell BPA-free and phalate-free plastic toys. (Bruder http://www.brudertoys.com/ and WOW http://www.wowtoys.com/)
I'm happy there are store owners like Meri who are taking the time and energy to research these things. Even though thinking hard about all of my purchases is important to me and my family, knowing that there are responsible and fair-minded local retailers is an encouragement. In many cases, buying used toys is my preference – but for new toys or clothes, it's hard to beat Magical Child. http://www.magicalchild.com/
I have been totally rocked by the movie Bag It. I got the privilege of seeing it with my family in our local indie- film theatre. I wasn't sure if my kids would be bored out of their minds sitting through a documentary. But I couldn't have been happier with their response. As soon as we got home they asked to go through my cupboards and take everything out of the plastic bags they were in and put them into glass mason jars. Although this isn't entirely in the spirit of not wasting I went with it to encourage their application of what they'd learned.
I'll be writing about the small changes we've been making over the next couple of weeks. But I'll start with one example: produce bags. I've been taking reusable bags to the market for some time now. But I was still using their plastic bags for apples, carrots and other produce. But I'm converted now! I take small light bags for that purpose now. So I can leave the store with very little plastic. I love it. There are places you can buy small reusable bags (www.bagitmovie.com/shop.html, ecobags.com) or you can make your own. I made one out of a small t-shirt that my son outgrew. I'll post pictures and instructions soon.
I can't do justice to all I learned from Bag It and all that is important about plastic reduction. So I encourage you to watch the movie. If you live local, borrow it from me. If not, you can buy it from their site. http://www.bagitmovie.com


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Crawfish boil queso features crawfish, corn and vegetables mixed with queso and Cotija cheeses. Seared ahi tuna comes with grilled pineapple-habanero relish. No reservations. Lunch Fri.-Sun., dinner daily, brunch Sat.-Sun. Credit cards. $$
The Velvet Cactus' decor is a riot of color, from the string lights hung around the open-air patio to the funky local art on the walls (and for sale). Seasonal margaritas, like strawberry jalapeno or blood orange mango, are specialties but the bar also serves sangria, wine, beer and a variety of tequila and mezcal. Open daily. Full restaurant menu. Happy hour 4:30 p.m.-6:30 p.m. Mon.-Thu., 2:30 p.m.-6:30 p.m. Fri.
Showing 1-1 of 1

subset: commoncrawl


text: Guyana is open for adoption, but there are many rules and guidelines to follow before an adoption can be finalized. Whether it is a joint or sole application, it is required for at least one of the applicants to be over the age of 25 and at least 21 years older than the adopted child. However, there are exceptions to this rule: if the child is a relative or at least 18 years old. Another rule is that a male sole applicant can't adopt a female child unless the court deems it as a special circumstance. In years past Guyana did not allow non-nationals to adopt; the adoptive parents had to be permanent residents. However, an amendment was added. Now Guyanese that live abroad and non-citizens can adopt when a home study has been completed by an approved social service agency in Guyana. There were 45 adoptions in Guyana in 2011.


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Broadwayretail is the biggest clothing store in Chandigarh. Here you can find all types of latest trending clothes from casual wear to dashing formal or party wear for both men and women. We are offering huge discounts on women's clothing stores so you can buy branded clothes at best price.
It is ok to contact this poster with commercial interests.


text:
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) Policy
Wearsafe Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) Policy
Effective Date: June 1, 2016
This Policy applies to the personal information we collect from children via the Wearsafe mobile applications (Apps) and services (collective, the "Services"). Wearsafe will handle children's personal information as described in this COPPA Policy. Any personal information we collect about other users (e.g., parents and website visitors) will be treated in accordance with the Wearsafe Privacy Policy ("Privacy Policy"). The use of our Services and any dispute over privacy, is subject to this COPPA Policy, the Privacy Policy, and our Terms of Service, including its applicable limitations on damages and the resolution of disputes. Our Terms of Service are incorporated by reference into this COPPA Policy.
Wearsafe Labs LLC
Wearsafe Privacy Department
1429 Park Street, Suite 205
Hartford, CT 06106
How Information is Collected. We may collect information about children directly from children or parents, as well as automatically through a child's use of our Services. We will not require a child to disclose more information than is reasonably necessary to use our services.
Information We Collect Directly. We collect the following child's information during the registration process and during use of the Services: first and last name, birth date, email address (which must be a functioning email address), password, mobile phone number, a photograph that may appear as the child's profile picture, the child's physical information, including gender, height, weight, hair color, eye color and personal relationships, medical conditions, and audio, image and video recordings.
Information We Collect Automatically. We collect geolocation information from the child's mobile device while the Services are active. We may also automatically collect the following information through cookies and other technologies including: domain name; browser type, and operating system type, name and model; page or screen views; links clicked; IP address; the length of time our Services are used; device name and model; and version.
Other Information We Collect About Children. We collect information about children's activities on our Site and in our Apps, such as which mobile applications they use and when they use them. We do not share this information with third parties, other than our service providers. Before we analyze or use any activity data for commercial purposes, we will de-identify and/or aggregate such information.
We use personal information collected from children for the following purposes:
- To register and service their account;
- To administer and improve the Service;
- To resolve disputes and troubleshoot problems;
- To prevent, detect, and investigate potentially prohibited or illegal activities, and enforce our terms;
- To compare information for accuracy, and verify it with third parties;
- For our internal business purposes;
- To contact you to respond to your questions or requests or to provide you with technical support;
- To provide parents and their children with information regarding changes to the Service which may affect their account, their use of the Service, and/or the products and services available through the Service;
- To customize the user experience of the Service;
- To analyze trends, track user movement and gather statistical information for aggregate use; and
- To promote the Service or customize advertising that may be visible in connection with the Service.
Aggregate or De-Identified Information. We may use aggregate or de-identified information about children for research, analysis, marketing and other commercial purposes. If we do so, we will remove names, contact information, and other personal identifiers.
In general, we may disclose the personal information that we collect about children to provide our Services, to comply with the law, and to protect Wearsafe and other users of our Services. Please view our Privacy Policy for a more complete list. For example, we may share children's personal information as follows:
- Parents. We may disclose a child's information to his/her parents or legal guardians.
- Affiliates. We may disclose information we collect about a child to our affiliates or subsidiaries for research, marketing or other commercial purposes consistent with this COPPA Policy.
- Service Providers. We may disclose information we collect about a child to service providers, contractors, agents or other entities who perform business functions on our behalf.
- Business Transfers. We may transfer information we collect about a child to another entity if we are acquired by or merged with another company, if substantially all of our assets are transferred to another company or as part of a bankruptcy proceeding.
- In Response to Legal Process. We may disclose information we collect about a child in order to comply with the law, a judicial proceeding, court order or other legal process, such as in response to a court order or a subpoena.
- To Protect Us and Others. We also may disclose information we collect about a child where we believe it is necessary to investigate, prevent or take action regarding illegal activities, suspected fraud, situations involving potential threats to the safety of any person, violations of our Terms of Use or this COPPA Policy or as evidence in litigation in which we are involved.


text:
This is a Stepper Motor manufactured by Moons Industries used in Makerbot Replicator 3D printers. They are also compatible with Flashforge 3D printers including the Creator, Creator Dual, Creator X, Creator Pro and Dreamer. Can also be used with other 3D Printers. Please check the specifications for suitability to your needs.
Download full specifications -here-


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Sites to be are one of those important steps in a relationship that truly attaches two people for the future. To make a special moment even more memorable that can not only express the thoughts two people may have for one another, there is always the possibility to get custom gemstone diamond rings, which are correctly designed to express a special message in a very subtle way.
There are plenty of common gemstones that contain a certain meaning in history, which is one of the reasons they are so popular and sought after for rings and styles. Before planning a place of custom gemstone involvement rings, consider the so this means behind each common gems.
This list will talk about beautiful gemstones but may also give ideas for stone combinations for custom gemstone cheap engagement rings.
Diamonds are the most popular gemstones used for engagement rings today. That they are known to be one of the best materials in the world and a beautiful mark of innocence and resolution, which is something which a relationship should always have.
Sapphires come in a variety of stunning blue shades that are often located alongside clear diamond jewelry due to the beautiful contrast. The gemstones are said to represent peach and happiness but also a powerful symbol of destiny.
The coloring of your amethyst is the one which immediately brings calm and clarity in someone's life. The gemstone represents intelligence and great healing, which is a wonderful choice for anyone who may be sensitive to stress or other ailments.
Bright green
The stunning beauty of an emerald is the one which brings awe to numerous people around the world. That represents faithfulness and desire. This is one of the reasons why many couples have emeralds for custom gemstone engagement jewelry.
The incredible dark red is a powerful image of friendship and love, let alone it's also a favourite among royalty. Is actually said that the dark red also has many curing properties for blood flow and the heart.
It's said the moonstone is most powerful during a full moon and brings inspiration to someone's life. Not only does indeed it represent passion and love it brings quality to a clouded head, which is something that greatly helps creative types.
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli is a historical gemstone that represents truth and a clear mind. Many people choose lapis lazuli for custom engagement rings because they also stand for love, friendship and a harmonious relationship within a relationship.
Obsidian is a very unique gemstone that's known for being used in rings but also for creating ancient weapons like spear heads. Though it got such a range of uses in the history, today it's known to be a wonderful natural stone that represents resilience and a warm gentle cardiovascular.
Quartz Crystal
Quartz very is one of the more common stones used for engagement rings which is especially true since it represents romance. Certainly not only does it have powerful healing properties for the human body but it also enhances the beauty of many other stones.
The opal is another ancient gem stone that represents hope and love. It has very secure connections with water and is also known to be one of the most powerful gems for various treatment properties. Subtle in beauty, opal is a wonderful choice for modern-day diamond rings.


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Hotel Andorra Center Andorra la Vella is offering 176 tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Andorra la Vella. You may taste delicious, fresh meals in the restaurant of the hotel every day. Should you be arriving by car, parking will be available nearby. You may also enjoy relaxing wellness services on the spot, the steam room and indoor pool will also be available to you. The fans of actively spent leisure time may take the billiard opportunities nearby. In case you like doing exercises while you are on a trip, you should definitely try the gym as well. The café can be an ideal place for a pleasant evening talk or a meeting. You may secure your valuables in the safe. Wireless Internet connection (WiFi) is available at the hotel, ensuring that you can stay up-to-date during your holiday. To learn more about the exact range of services of Hotel Andorra Center Andorra la Vella (including services for an extra fee) and the exact equipment of the rooms, please check the information sheet below.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in at the hotel is 15:00, the latest time to check out is 12:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak with you in Catalan and English languages.
Hotel Andorra Center Andorra la Vella rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Parking (15 €/night)
Free WiFi in shared places
Fitness, Billiard
- Indoor pool
- Steam room
- Jacuzzi
- Finnish sauna
Cafe, Elevator, Safe deposit box, Room service
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Fridge, Desk in the room, Mini-bar


text:
TECHNOPARK MANAGEMENT of SAMOSIR BECOMES A PILOT PROJECT
- In Features
- Post 04 November 2016
- By Nuke/Ani Hasanah
- Hits: 474
Samosir Technopark which is developed by the Indonesian science institute (LIPI) and the Samosir regional government of North Sumatra which was officially inaugurated on June 30, 2015 isfocused on the fishery and water resources. Generally, Technopark is an economic, social and culture development area that has knowledge and innovation center, productive activity and people's movement that support the acceleration ofdevelopment and innovation, diffusion and study . Samosir Technopark that is situated in Janji Martahan village, Pangururan subdistrict, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, becomes a pilot project for technopark management . According to LIPI Head, Iskandar Zulkarnain, until today Samosir Technopark is able toproduce 2.4 million gold fish which increase from 10 thousand gold fish from the previousyear . The Samosir technopark, was previously became fish seeds center that has lack attention from the local government. The condition caused the local fish farmershave difficulties to get fish seeds supply . In fact fish farmer often import fish seeds from other area such as from Pematang Siantar and Dairi which then effected to the increasing price of fish .
By using dome technology that works like glass house effect, LIPI can increase gold fish seeds production in Samosir Technopark until 25.000 percent .According to the Head of Limnology research center of LIPI, Fauzan Ali the reason why the dome technology is chosen, it is because the difference of water temperature between night and day is very extreme . Whereas, the fish seeds can only develop in a stable temperature .
Besides the change extreme temperature, Samosir technopark also face hard wind that instantly strike . The wind also effected the fish seeds which are developed on the outdoor ponds . The Polycarbonate dome technology and steel frame that is designedin many forms, is able to make water temperature stable and wind can not interrupting the pond . LIPI is belived to build technopark in seven locations and one science park . The development of the park is concentrated in Mataram West Lombok, Southeast Maluku, Ternate, Samosir, Enrekang and Tasikmalaya . While the science park is builtin Bogor . The technopark development is fully attached with LIPI competency in building fishery, farming, plantation, agriculture and maritime development in Indonesia .


text:
In Brief
PUBLISHED : Friday, 31 August, 2007, 12:00am
UPDATED : Friday, 31 August, 2007, 12:00am
Husband claims wife beat child
Police are investigating a case of child abuse after a man reported his wife for slapping their five-year-old son at their Sheung Shui home. The boy was only slightly injured by his mother, who was angry that he had not done his homework. She was released on police bail.
Advisory after maggot infestation
The Centre for Health Protection has urged people to guard against myiasis after investigating the case of a 70-year-old man who was admitted to hospital after it was discovered he had maggots in a wound on his foot.
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Level up for HK's Kho and Cheung as they prepare to rub shoulders with Garcia and Rose
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text:
My Paris Kitchen Hardback
by David Lebovitz
- Format: Hardback
- Pages: 352 pages
- Publisher: Random House USA Inc
- Publication Date: 08/04/2014
- Category: National & regional cuisine
Free Home Delivery
on all orders
Pick up orders
from local bookshops
Showing 1 - 3 of 3 reviews.
Review by Lakenvelder
At first a book about an American pastry chef that leaves the Bay area for the Paris with his cast iron skillet and cookbooks might seem stodgy and ordinary. This book took French cooking to a new level and is the prefect book to sit down in a comfy chair to devour the stories with chuckles and intrigue while being entertained with great stories, information and recipes. This book would make a very fine addition to anyone's cookbook collection.
Review by Dokfintong
David Lebovitz is an American in Paris. Not the novelist or jazz musician of days past, soaking up booze in dim bars, Mr. Lebovitz is a chef, cookbook author and food blogger, soaking up the smells and tastes of the new, multi-cultural Paris.This book celebrates the changes in the Parisian approach to food brought on by decades of globalization and the ways that these new cultural sensibilities affect the way Mr. Lebovitz cooks at home. I have no affinity for Paris and the book will appeal to some readers much more than it did to me. I found the recipes normal, and thus uninteresting. It is nice, though, to find a recipe for harissa from someone I think I can trust.I received an advance review copy of My Paris Kitchen by David Lebovitz (Ten Speed Press) through NetGalley.com.
Review by SquirrelHead
I am a big fan of cookbooks, well…all books actually, but cookbooks are always in my top five on my reading list. Picking up a cookbook I can happily sit and skim over the recipes and photos, enjoying the occasional personal remark introducing a particular recipe. My Paris Kitchen is in a special category. It's not just a compendium of recipes and photos, it's a story line about where to shop in Paris, narratives of merchants and the conversations they have with their customers. It's a memoir of cooking, shopping and living in Paris. The book is filled with colorful photographs of the city and of course, the yummy dishes Lebovitz prepared.Like many of Lebovitz's fans I follow him on Twitter and read his blog. He was quite kind in taking the time to respond to a comment to me on Twitter. A photo with a batch of lovely Madelines was posted and I remarked that I was disappointed mine came out burnt on the edges. He let me know Madelines aren't always an easy concoction and answered a question. That was quite nice as I imagine he is inundated with requests and comments.If you are a Francophile or you love David Lebovitz or you just enjoy looking through an excellent cookbook, this book won't disappoint.The first recipe I tried from this book was the eggplant caviar. We were having grilled lamb so eggplant was a natural as a side dip. Prepare a cookie sheet by covering with a piece of parchment paper, lightly oil with olive oil and liberally salt the oiled paper.Take a globe eggplant puncture the skin all over. Now roast the whole uncut eggplant over direct flame for about 5 minutes. The longer you keep it over a flame the smokier your end result will be.Cut the ends off the eggplant and place on a cookie sheet, cut side down into the oil.Roast at 375 F for 30 to 40 minutes, until eggplant is soft.Scrape eggplant pulp out of skin and place in a food processor. Add a ½ tablespoon olive oil, 2 tablespoons fresh lemon, salt and pepper, smoked paprika and a few garlic cloves. Pulse until almost smooth. I added a bit too much lemon and so my mixture was smoother than called for. But it was good!
Also by David Lebovitz | View all


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December Chapter book of the month: Fire Spell by Laura Amy Schlitz(4 Posts)
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Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Terminal ion-exchange groups are reversibly to charged groups of biomolecules and
can be eluted with salt- or pH-gradient. Ion-exchange separation can be used for
many applications such as the isolation of proteins, antibodies, DNA/RNA and other
biomolecules. Anion-exchange magnetic particles bind selectively to the negatively
charged membrane groups of cells, bacteria or viruses which can be separated by
magnetic forces.
Creative Diagnostics offers deae beads for your research.


text:
Economy on a high as spending increases to meet demand
THE German economy is in a very different place to its Irish counterpart these days.
Companies have boosted spending to meet increased export demand in the first quarter, while construction rebounded from a slump in the previous three months, fuelling the fastest economic growth in almost a year.
Construction spending jumped 6.2pc in the first quarter, according to the Federal Statistics Office in Wiesbaden.
Exports rose 2.3pc after increasing 1.8pc in the fourth quarter. Gross domestic product increased 1.5pc when adjusted for seasonal swings.
Germany's economy is powering euro-region growth as companies boost output and hiring to meet orders, encouraging consumer spending.
BMW, the world's largest maker of luxury vehicles, is among companies reporting record earnings and Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann said last month that the economy was in a "good" shape overall.
"Exports and, in particular, investments are pretty impressive," said Ralph Solveen, head of economic research at Commerzbank in Frankfurt. He predicted the German economy this year may grow almost as much as in 2010 -- the year of greatest expansion since reunification two decades ago.
German consumer spending rose 0.4pc in the first quarter from the previous three months, when it increased 0.6pc.
Companies' equipment spending advanced 4.2pc and imports rose 1.5pc. Gross fixed capital investment advanced 5pc after falling 0.1pc.
German GDP rose 5.2pc from a year earlier when adjusted for inflation, said the statistics office.
The German economy may expand by 2.6pc this year, after record growth of 3.6pc in 2010, the European Commission said on May 13. In the 17-member euro region, GDP will increase 1.6pc this year, with Greece and Portugal contracting.
BMW in the first quarter earned more money per car than any time in its 95-year history. German rival Volkswagen AG plans to add factories to ensure "profitable growth" at Europe's biggest car maker in coming years, chief executive Martin Winterkorn said early last month.
Tougher budget cuts in periphery states, increasing concern that Greece may be forced into a debt restructuring, and surging energy costs are clouding the region's growth outlook.
Not everybody is optimistic. The Bundesbank said in its monthly report that "growth is likely to ease somewhat in the foreseeable future" after an "explosive" start in 2011. Output growth "was clearly lifted during the reporting period by backloading and catching-up effects", said the central bank.
The bank's governor said it was important to prevent stronger growth and rising commodity costs from stoking second-round effects by feeding into wage demands.
"The big picture on inflation is that we will see an increasing passing-on of commodity prices to consumers," said Andreas Rees, chief economist at UniCredito Group in Munich. At the same time, "the upswing is broadening and that will continue this year and probably next."
Indo Business


text:
Download this document
Policies of the
League of Women Voters of Alabama
(as of 7/9/05)
The League of Women Voters believes in representative government and in the individual liberties established in the Constitution of the United States.
The League of Women Voters believes that democratic government depends upon the informed and active participation of its citizens and requires that governmental bodies protect the citizen's right to know by giving adequate notice of proposed actions, holding open meetings and making public records accessible.
The League of Women Voters believes that responsible government should be responsive to the will of the people, that government should maintain an equitable and flexible system of taxation, promote the conservation and development of natural resources in the public interest, share in the solution of economic and social problems that affect the general welfare, promote a sound economy and adopt domestic policies that facilitate the solution of international problems.
The League of Women Voters believes that cooperation with other nations is essential in the search for solutions to world problems, and that the development of international organization and international law is imperative in the promotion of world peace.
League of Women Voters of the United States
-- Top --
The League of Women Voters, a nonpartisan political organization, encourages the informed and active participation of citizens in government and influences public policy through education and advocacy.
-- Top --
Vision, Beliefs and Intentions
The goal of the League of Women Voters of the United States is to empower
citizens to shape better communities worldwide.
We are a nonpartisan political membership organization.
act after study and member agreement to achieve solutions in the public interest on key community issues at all government levels.
build citizen participation in the democratic process.
engage communities in promoting positive solutions to public policy
issues through education and advocacy.
We believe in:
Nonpartisanship Policy
The League of Women Voters established and maintains its nonpartisanship policy for the purpose of furthering its political effectiveness. The record of nonpartisanship on candidates and parties is one of our best tools for effective participation on issues.
The League of Women Voters of Alabama follows the broad policy of nonpartisanship as laid down by the national League. This policy states:
a. The League neither supports nor opposes any political candidate or any political party
b. It takes a position on issues only.
c. It arrives at a position on an issue from membership consensus and/or concurrence based on study and discussion.
The Board has the responsibility of maintaining the nonpartisanship of the League of Women Voters of Alabama.
2. The following Board members shall resign to run for or hold elected office, or to take an active and visible campaign role for a political candidate: President, Voter Service Chair, Legislative/Action Chair
3. Other Board members who plan to run for or hold elected office or to engage in active and visible political activity shall notify the State Board. She/he shall resign if the State Board decides that the activity would affect the community's perception of the League's nonpartisanship.
4. When a Board member resigns to work actively for a candidate or to run for office, the announcement should be made in the newsletter. The replacement should be announced at the same time.
5. Members in leadership roles representing the League of Women Voters have the responsibility to insure the nonpartisanship of any meeting and its environment.
6. When acting in public as a League representative, Board members should be sensitive to their responsibilities and must not allow partisanship to be discernible.
7. The political activities of a spouse or household relative of a Board member shall be considered as separate and distinct from the activities of a board member.
Readopted 7-97, 6-2001.
Amended and readopted 7/05
-- Top --
Consensus Policy
In order to act on any issue the League has studied, it is essential that the League has a clear consensus among its members.
Consensus, as explained in the 1989 edition of In League, "is the technique most often used in the League for reaching member agreement. It is a process whereby members participate in a group discussion of an issue. The 'consensus' reached by members through group discussion is not a simple majority, nor is it unanimity; rather it is the overall 'sense of the group' as expressed through the exchange of ideas and opinions…" (p10-7)
Since all statewide consensus is determined by State Board, State Board must decide what constitutes consensus. It is important that the State Board consider the following questions: Does a local League report complete member agreement? Fairly general agreement? Divergent points of view? All these factors must be considered by the entire State Board for it is responsible for determining whether consensus exists on a state item.
Local Leagues must know in advance when consensus is due so that they can adjust their calendars accordingly. Any kind of consensus requires that members of local Leagues be provided with a timetable for the study, background materials, and a deadline for reaching consensus. This is part of the job of the state program chairperson, or person designated by the State Board to chair the consensus item.
Consensus questions should be drafted by representatives of the consensus resource committee, and key Board portfolio areas relevant to the consensus, such as key portfolio chairpersons for government affairs, action, budget, etc. who can pinpoint areas for consideration and action. All consensus questions must be approved by the State Board.
The questions should be clear to the membership, phrased for usable answers, a yardstick for judgment, and a framework for action. Questions must be objective and reasonably brief. The questions should be based on the resource material that was used in the study and they should cover areas that can lead to action. Do not aim consensus questions toward action on specific bills, instead make them general enough to apply over a period of time and changing circumstances.
Sometimes consensus on one or more questions is impossible to reach. This may happen because an insufficient number of members are concerned with the issue, or because, even with the best kind of study, discussion and participation, there is too much basic disagreement among members. In any case, a statement of alternative points of view should be included in the report. If no consensus is reached, report that no consensus was reached.
Reporting Consensus
A consensus report prepared by a local board for the State Board should include the following:
In order for a local consensus report to be considered, it must be received by the deadline set by the State Board.
Adopted 12-2-95
Amended 7-26-97
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Concurrence Policy
Concurrence is a way to enable local and state Leagues to support each other and to take action on items they have not studied for consensus by adopting the results of consensus studies of other state and local Leagues. Concurrence can be viewed as a way of aiding state and local Leagues limited by membership or funds to reach support positions on items of interest and urgency.
Concurrence, according to In League, "is the act of agreeing with--or concurring with-- a statement or position…concurrence can work in several ways. Groups of League members or League boards can concur with (1) recommendations of a resource committee or a unit group; (2) decision statements formulated by League boards; or (3) positions reached by another League or Leagues." (p.10 -8) Often this is accomplished by background materials and fact sheets providing pro and con information on the issue submitted to League members and/or boards. The materials are reviewed and the League determines whether or not it is a valid and applicable position for its own area and, if so, adopts the recommendations, statement or position by "concurrence" for its own League. Concurrence should be considered one means of establishing a state or local position. The policy for reaching concurrence follows:
LWVAL Legislative Policy
The LWVAL shall entrust the Advocacy Team with making decisions for support or opposition to pending legislation in accordance with LWVAL priorities established by the State Board for each legislative session. The job of the Team is to compare pending legislation or state policies to LWVAL Program Positions and to ensure that League action is firmly grounded in League's positions and/or Principles. The Advocacy Team is accountable to the Board and to the Local Leagues for its decisions. The full Board may
overrule a decision of the Advocacy Team by a majority vote.
Each new Board will appoint the Advocacy Team for one or two years. It shall include a President or Presidents, the Program Chair, and the Legislative Liaison. It may include Consultants (off Board or on) on priority issues, and others as needed. The Advocacy Team will chose its Chair. The Team may receive action proposals from the Legislative Liaison, Local Leagues, Program Consultants and the Board. If the Advocacy Team cannot agree, decision will be referred to the full Board.
Guidelines for Local League Action on state issues:
a. When Calls to Action are issued, usually the President or her designee will speak or write in the name of the Local League, using any background or positions papers provided by LWVAL. Leagues will encourage their members to speak or write an individual citizens in their own terms without using the name of the League.
b. Local Leagues may elect not to participate in a Call to Action, but may not take a stand in opposition to the official LWVAL position.
c. Individual members of Local Leagues who disagree with League positions may choose to lobby according to their convictions, but they must not mention the League in doing so.
Local League Action in State Legislature on local positions .
Every Local League Board interprets its local positions and decides how to act on them. Local Leagues are obligated, however, to ensure that their local actions do not adversely affect another Local League or conflict with LWVAL or LWVUS positions.
1. If the bill to be supported is a local bill or a general bill with local application, Local Leagues must immediately inform the state president of the intended action to allow LWVAL to respond to any questions directed to it and to allow the Advocacy Team or the Board to assess any statewide implications of the bill or policy.
2. If the Advocacy Team should judge that the bill to be supported might adversely affect LWVAL other Local Leagues in Alabama, or LWVUS, it may ask the Local
League to provide information and background materials so that the State Board and other Leagues may be consulted. In some cases, the Local League might be asked to specify in its advocacy that its action is based on Local League positions arrived at by consensus. If it should become necessary to consult other Local Leagues, only those affected or potentially affected by the bill or policy should participate.
3. If Local Leagues wish to take action for or against a statewide bill that they deem
relevant to their local positions, they should follow the procedure described for local bills.
4. To further assure that the League speaks with one coherent voice at the state level, a local League should notify the President and the Legislative Liaison before any official appearance before legislative committees, agencies or statewide public hearings. The Legislative Liaison may facilitate that appearance or offer advice.
Responsibilities of LWVAL
1. The Advocacy Team or the full Board through the President must reply to Local Leagues questions and requests on local program matters in a timely fashion so as not
to deny them opportunity for action if proposal is approved.
2. LWVAL will comply with all Ethics Laws of the State of Alabama, including Registration of Lobbyist and reporting of advocacy activity as required.
Adopted July 12, 2003
From LWVAL Bylaws:
Article XI, section 6
Local Leagues may take action on state government issues only when authorized to do so by the board of directors of LWVAL. Local Leagues may act only in conformity with,
and not contrary to, a position taken by the LWVAL or LWVUS.
Adopted July 22, 2003
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Organization for Advocacy
A. Increase advocacy participation and visibility on state issues.
B. Combine timely action for maximum impact with proper consideration of
League criteria for advocacy.
C. Continue calls to action. Provide position background and talking points
for members and Local Leagues on calls to action.
D. Support the League's multi-issue program and lay the groundwork for more
informed action by increasing opportunities for Local League and individual
member involvement in the advocacy process. (See Items 4,5, and 6. below.)
Policies and Procedures
1. The Board has overall responsibility for advocacy, for setting action priorities for each legislative session, for appointing the Advocacy Team, for adherence to League principles and procedure, and for the public posture of LWVAL. Letters, testimony, or press releases in the name of LWVAL should be approved and signed by the president(s) or the president's designee. At timely intervals the Board will review with the Advocacy Team how well organization and procedures for advocacy are working.
2. A board-appointed Advocacy Team is entrusted with decisions to support or oppose legislation and state action on LWVAL action priorities. It is the Advocacy Team's responsibility to see that League action is firmly grounded in League positions and/or Principles. The Advocacy Team shall include the President or Presidents, the Program Chair and the Legislative Liaison,. It may include Consultants (off board or on) on League priorities and others as needed. The Advocacy Team may receive action proposals from the Legislative Liaison, Local Leagues, Program Consultants and the Board. After consultation as needed, the Team will authorize Action Alerts.
3. The board-appointed Legislative Liaison is observer, lobbyist, chief source of legislative information, and director of advocacy at the legislature. She advises the Board on legislative processes and provides the Advocacy Team with information on decisions about the legislation, effective timing of action, and persons to be addressed on the issues. The Advocacy Team (which includes the Legislative Liaison) will make policy decisions for the Legislative Liaison to act upon. The Legislative Liaison will also seek to advance knowledge of the legislature among Local Leagues by providing information and facilitating visits by Local League members.
4. The Legislative Observer Corps will consist of individual members who can attend
the Legislature to cover committees and floor action, as assigned by the Legislative Liaison. They will report to the Legislative Liaison and to the Advocacy Team. They will receive training and written guidelines for observing from the Legislative Liaison.
5. Program Consultants with an interest and expertise in one LWVAL issue will follow familiarize themselves with the relevant League positions and follow legislation and government policy in that area to offer infromation and recommendations to the Advocacy Team as issues arise. Program Consultants will likely be members recruited from Local Leagues, but LWVAL Board members may also serve.
6..Local Leagues will be asked to interview their Legislators to identify the legislators' priorities and to learn their positions on LWVAL's priorities for the coming session. These interviews will alert legislators to LWVAL interests, and provide information to the Advocacy Team. In addition they will involve Local Leagues more fully in the advocacy process and promote Local League connections with their representatives. The Board will set the time lines and write the questions.
Adopted July 22, 2003
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Policy Governing Participation of League Board Members
on Public Commissions, Boards or Committees
League board members are often asked to be members of public commissions, boards or committees, either as individuals or as representatives of the League. It is appropriate and important to do so; serving on boards or commissions is consistent with League commitment to active participation in government. Such service also enables League leaders to further League program goals.
When a local or state board member is invited to serve on a public commission, board or committee as an official representative of the League (local or state), the following steps should be taken:
1. The board member should investigate the principles and purposes of the organization to ensure that these principles are not in conflict with League positions. (If possible, obtain written information concerning the group, its areas of authority, and its membership selection process.)
2. Local board members must receive approval from their respective League board. State board members must receive approval from the State Board. If a local League member is appointed to a state level board, commission or committee, State board approval should also be received.
3. The state board should be notified of all appointments (of local League board members) to local and/or state boards, commissions or committees.
4. A local League member cannot represent the state League unless approved and directed by the State League
5. The State Board must be notified of all appointments of any League of Women Voter member to local and/or state boards, commissions or committees.
Even if the League member represents the League, the League board is not bound to support the recommendations of the board, commission, or committee, if these differ from or cover more points than are in the League position. The state or local League can clarify the League's position or what it does or does not endorse in the recommendations, actions, goals, statements, or reports issued by the group.
Adopted 1978
Readopted 1995
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The League of Women Voters of Alabama
State Coalition Guidelines
The following guidelines will be considered when deciding whether to join a coalition, whether formally or informally organized:
1. The coalition's major issues should mesh with League positions and be nonpartisan, though there need not be a League position on every issue with which the coalition is concerned. The overall aims of the coalition must not conflict with League positions.
2. The major goals of the coalition should be in accord with the state program.
3. The coalition's activities should bring added effectiveness to the overall efforts to achieve the League's organization, advocacy or educational goals.
4. The members of the coalition should be organizations with which the League can work effectively. The League should have confidence in the leadership of the coalition and may serve in a leadership capacity.
5. Expenditures for work with the coalition (including staff and volunteer time, as well as cash and in-kind expenses) should be worth the investment and approved by the State Board.
6. The League representative to a coalition, of which the League is a member, must have the prior approval of the state League president before making any formal or public statement of League position on a specific issue. If the League disagrees wish the majority opinion of the coalition, a public statement of the League's dissension should be issued.
7. The representative in a coalition must be a State Board member or a State Board designee.
8. Joining a coalition must be a State Board decision.
9. If any coalition materials identify League participation, the materials must indicate that League membership in the coalition does not necessarily indicate League agreement with all positions taken by the coalition.
When the League does decide so join a coalition, a state League board member, or League member designated by the State Board, must represent the League. In a formal organizational alliance or membership, the designated League representative should regularly attend meetings of the group in order so participate in and stay abreast of activities and decisions and so safeguard the credibility of the League relative to state and national positions and nonpartisanship.
It is suggested that coalitions organized at the local level shall apply the same guidelines.
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A Member-at-Large Unit is a state League recognized group of members in an area where there is no local League. To be recognized by LWVAL the group must have at least six members. It must have an organizational structure including a chair to preside at meetings, a vice-chair and a secretary/treasurer. It may also select members to be responsible for voter service, membership or other areas as needed.
The first meeting of the group desiring MAL Unit status not only elects its organizational structure but must also adopt a non-partisanship policy and set dues sufficient to cover LWVUS and LWVAL per member payments and provide for unit needs. MAL units are not required to have bylaws. However, they should adopt as unit policy the first three articles of the LWVAL bylaws covering name, purposes, political policy, and membership eligibility. It is the responsibility of the officers to plan a calendar of meetings to provide members with information about local, state and national league interests. Meetings should be held at least quarterly including an annual meeting to elect officers and pass a budget.
It is the obligation of LWVAL to guide these organizational activities. If the above requirements are met, the Unit is formally recognized by the state board. The board then names a member to serve as the Unit's advisor. The advisor should be available to provide guidance and to attend as many meetings as possible until satisfied that the Unit is running smoothly. She should provide the Unit with copies of LWVAL policies and arrange for a Duplicate-Presidents-Mailing. She should help in the formulation of Unit policies, encourage membership recruitment and report on the Units progress to the state board. A Copy of the LWVUS guide, "Starting Point" will help clarify her obligations. The LWVAL may provide a newly formed group funds to help it get started. It may also temporarily reduce PMP.
A MAL Unit, with state board approval, may
1. participate in state and national studies
2. work on local issues
3. undertake community service projects that encourage citizen participation in government
4. publish a regular newsletter, usually quarterly
5. such other activities as the state board deems appropriate.
6. respond to league calls to action
7. participate in the legislative interviews carried out each fall and winter by LWVAL.
Adopted 3/19/05
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Various Policies of the
League of Women Voters of Alabama
Board Attendance Policy – Adopted 11/6/04
Attendance at board meetings is considered a duty. Two absences in a given year will be considered a resignation unless there are mitigating circumstances. In such cases, a leave of absence may be granted.
Policy on Dissemination of State Directory and Mailing Lists - Amended and readopted 7/26/97
The LWVAL State Directory and mailing lists shall not be given to other organizations or individuals without the permission of the LWVAL Executive Committee.
Policy on Policy Review - Readopted 7/26/97
The various policies of the Board of Directors shall be reviewed, modified and/or readopted every two years or as necessary. The exception to this shall be the Nonpartisanship Policy which shall be reviewed yearly.
Exclusionary Establishments - Readopted 7/26/97
The League of Women Voters of Alabama shall hold no meetings or social events at any establishment that maintains exclusionary membership policies or practices.
Diversity Policy - Adopted 8/22/1998
The League of Women Voters of Alabama, in both its values and practices, affirms its belief in and commitment to diversity and pluralism.
The LWVAL recognizes that diverse perspectives are necessary for responsible and effective decision making in democratic organizations.
LWVAL affirms its commitment to remove barriers to participation in any League activity on the basis of age, race, ethnicity, gender, disability, sexual orientation, religion or national origin, and to actively seek to be inclusive.
Reimbursement Policy – Adopted 1/29/05
Expenses shall be reimbursed to board members for attendance at state board meetings, state convention and state council, as well as for local field service .


text: I have recently finished a restoration on an upland 207 that I resurrected from an old farm house. The only thing that does not appear to be with the stove is the factory adjustable baffles. Does anyone know where i can find these used or possibly have the dimensions/pictures so I can make a set. This is my first time dealing with an upland I would appreciate any extra info about the stove ! Thanks again.


text:
Lost my youngest child 3 years ago and pregnant again.
View Single Post
July 24th, 2012, 01:24 PM
Mega Super Mommy
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Ontario Canada
Posts: 2,740
I lost my last child when he was 2 months old (I still have his twin brother). I am pregnant again and this baby happens to be due right around the day my last son was born.
I am finding things so hard. I find I am missing him extra hard every day. I think about him all the time and I am remembering all sorts of things about the pregnancy birth and his few little months.
I also find that I feel so worried for this baby, and so much guilt like I am replacing him!
MOM of 6!
Mom to Premies, IVF mom,
View Public Profile
Find all posts by wishing


text: She was voted out of the house in Brazilian Big Brother's 2016 edition, but here in Bella Club she can stay for as long as she'd like! The former participant of the country's most watched house returns to the website next week with the second part of an incredible photo shoot. In the new photos, Fernanda Liberato proves what a mermaid she is - naked, in and out of the swimming pool.


text:
Automatic geometry preparation for hex mesh and circle curve splitting
1 Attachment(s)
I am learning ICEM CFD. And watch one interesting video
(http://compteacher.ru/engineering/55...obuchenie.html) video №4 (L-type geometry with 4 inlets).
Author of this video make hex mesh very fast and easy.
But one thing is not clear for me.
When he starts work with blocking, he has a lot of predefined points on geometry.
On circle curves there are 4 points like on figure №2 (not like on figure №1).
Also he said that this point can be automatically calculated base on the feature angle and tolerance (if I hear correctly).
So my question is how we can split circle curves to 4 arc curves automatically (like in figure №2)?
And how prepare geometry for hex meshing add additional points - also in automatic?
I find some answers, but they need a lot of work to do :(
1. In ICEM make on circle curve 4 points and split this curve by them. (allot work on every curve)
2. In ANSYS DesignModeler split edge command + split type: split by N=8 (this variant is a good one)
It will be cool to do this preparation in automatic not by hand :)
under geometry tab, click on create point ---» select "paramater along a curve". if you give it 0.5, the point will be created half way the curve... use 0.25 and .75 to get what you want.
Thanks for answer.
But Im mentioned this variant (see my answer №1).
To deal with this you should create 4 points and than splits. A lot of hand work, not cool!
Using DesignModeler is much faster, but not really automatic.
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text:
How to celebrate Valentine's day from distance.
Romance in the air breathed and despite the winter cold, we think that has become much warmer and one reason for that – ahead of February 14- the celebration of Valentine's Day.
Organize the online dinner via Skype or send dinner through a delivery service- use your imagination. If your lover was not close to you on Valentine's day- do not worry about it. In complicated situations every time we can find the right way.
Demonstrate care possible, even, between you, have several thousand kilometers. Recent magazine.com gives you some ideas about Valentine's Day from distance.
- Organize the online dinner via Skype: prepare the beautiful table, pour wine and enjoy communication with your lover.
- Write letter. Attention, not e-mail, because it has long lost its flavor and we use it daily as communication. Write a love letter by hand and send it my post-office. The main thing; do it in advance, so your lover can get it on Valentine's Day. Send the parcel to lovers favorite things: sweets, favorite shirt or pants.
- Make and send several letters for all the occasions for example: "when you are sad", " when you get bored".
- Use internet or telephone for being the first one he/she heard a voice in the morning and the last one he/she hears before going to the bed.
- Find the internet food delivery service in the city where lover lives and order for him a favorite dish for dinner.
- Arrange a pleasant surprise and visit a lover. There is nothing more romantic!
Using above-mentioned ideas, you will spend romantic Valentine's Day from distance. This Day will unforgettable for you.
Dear lovers, no matter how do you plan to celebrate Valentine's Day: noisy and fun or seclusion candlelight, active in nature or in the cozy bed enjoying each other. We wish you that would be near a loved one. It is the most important gift that you can get on life.


text:
Wedding rings August 30 2016, 0 Comments
Here are a few of my recent wedding rings from this summer.
This 18ct yellow gold ring is a hand shaped court band, with a soft curve added by hand to the inside of a piece of 'D' shaped wire. This band has a lovely soft feel to it, not the sharp, smart edges of a machine made court band.
A palladium 4mm band, and 9ct yellow gold 2mm band, both with a hammered finish.
A pair of 4mm rose gold smooth bands
And some unique wishbones


text:
An announcement is believed to be imminent that Briscoe will be part of a deal involving the supply of Toyota engines to the Jaguar formula one team as well as the Jordan team, whose woes were compounded when Ford announced it was to sell engine-maker Cosworth.
Both Jordan and Minardi use Cosworth engines and had a deal for their continued supply, which now seems unlikely.
According to British reports, Toyota has told Jordan that it could supply engines for less than the $13.5 million which Cosworth was charging the F1 outfit.
Briscoe has been a Toyota talent for some time, and has been put through various formulae by the company's Colgone-based F1 organisation. He won last year's European Formula Three championship, beating Timo Glock and Christian Klien, both of whom raced in F1 this season -- Klien running as team-mate to Australian Mark Webber in Jaguar.
For the last few races of the season, Briscoe stepped into the Friday Grand Prix weekend testing role. However, with Toyota signing drivers Ralf Schumacher and Jarno Trulli for next season, and with Ricardo Zonta being relegated to a test driver, Briscoe's future appeared bleak.
Eddie Jordan's team has been struggling financially this season, and other changes are possible, even including the arrival of a new owner in the form of a mystery businessman from China, reported the usually well-informed Paris-based British journalist Joe Saward.
He reported that with a Toyota engine and a Mark Smith-designed chassis (Smith having joined Jordan recently from Renault) the team had a fighting chance of some good results even if the arrangements were going to be late in happening.
In other news, there is hope for Australian Paul Stoddart's Minardi, which faced the prospect of using outdated engines. Another Australian, champ car series part-owner Kevin Kalkhoven, is said to be trying to buy Cosworth. Champ cars have a standard specification turbocharged Ford-Cosworth V8 engine.


text:
Zachary Gray
Tara Reynolds
English 100
Time Fly's by When You're Having Fun
Time sure does go by awful fast! I can remember when I was still in kindergarten; drinking orange juice and cookies, playing at recess, nap time, having your own little cubby hole, bringing your toys in for show and tell, playing heads up seven up when it's raining outside, making arts and crafts to take home to your parents and more. Then I realized the moment I've been waiting for has arrived. All the pain, agony, struggling, and time I've wasted away in my life is about to pay off. It was the beginning of my senior year in high school.
Life was taking on a whole new shape. One more year to go and I'll be out of here. Your senior year so much is going on, and inside yourself you feel this warm sensation. Because you realize that your at the top of the hill. With this new feeling of life I told my self that I was going to do every senior activity and anything else I could do to make it the best year of school I would ever have.
As I was getting ready for the first day of school had me nervous and excited at the same time. With butterflies in my stomach the whole week before, I was mostly worried about how our senior t-shirts were going to look like. Come Monday morning I had been awake since 4 a.m. from hanging signs on the side of the road for the incoming freshmen. Later I fount me and the rest of the senior class eating breakfast at the huddle house before school. As I would walk through the hallways all I could do is reminiscence back to the first day of freshman year and how things have changed since then. From the classes to my friends.
One of the biggest distractions in my life was sports. Baseball was a big part of my life at the time and mandatory workouts were going to start during the fall. This year was a highly anticipated year for our baseball program. We were number one in 13th region and picked to win. We had high hopes of going to state and...


text:
Thomas B. Perera
The adrenal glands are two small, irregularly shaped bodies located superior to each renal pole. Each gland contains two distinct structures, the outer adrenal medulla and the inner adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex can be divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, which produces the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, and the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis, which produce the glucocorticoid cortisol as well as androgens. The outer medulla is responsible for catecholamine production, including epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cortisol has multiple effects, including increasing blood glucose and gluconeogenesis, suppressing the immune system, decreasing bone formation, and aiding in fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. Aldosterone works on the kidneys to promote reabsorption of sodium and of water and secretion of potassium. Adrenal insufficiency is defined as a condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce an adequate amount of steroid hormones to meet the needs of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be a devastating complication of critical illness and, in high-risk patients (e.g., those with hypotension, shock, sepsis), has an incidence of approximately 30% to 40%.1
Adrenal gland production of cortisol is regulated through the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal gland axis. The hypothalamus responds to external stimuli, including low cortisol levels, by secreting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). This causes the pituitary gland to release corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]), which is the primary regulator of cortisol production and release. Approximately 95% of body cortisol is protein bound; it is the remaining 5% of free cortisol that produces effects in the body. In normal individuals, daily cortisol secretion ranges from 40 to 80 μmol and has a pronounced circadian rhythm. Severe physical or emotional stresses stimulate the secretion of CRH and ACTH, which results in large increases (two- or threefold) in serum cortisol concentrations.
Aldosterone production is mediated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS is involved with the regulation of vasoconstriction and extracellular blood volume. Renin is an enzyme secreted by specialized cells that encircle the arterioles at the entrance to the glomeruli of the kidneys. These specialized cells modulate renin production in response to changes in blood flow and blood pressure. Low blood flow to the kidneys from any reason, including low blood pressure, will result in increased renin production and release. Renin promotes conversion of the plasma protein angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is subsequently converted into angiotensin II—a potent vasoconstrictor—by the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II acts on receptors in the adrenal glands to stimulate the secretion of aldosterone, which in turn promotes renal resorption of sodium and water.
The adrenal medulla makes up about 10% of the adrenal gland and is an integral part of the sympathetic nervous system. The cells of the medulla, known as chromaffin cells, house chromaffin granules that contain epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are released in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. In patients with adrenal insufficiency, the adrenal medulla is typically not dysfunctional.
Recognizing adrenal insufficiency is the most challenging aspect of its treatment. The hallmark presentation of this condition is hypotension unresponsive to fluids in a patient with sepsis or another acute stressor; however, its presentation can be much subtler. The provider's goal should be to recognize the disease and start treatment before the patient is in shock; once initiated, treatment is generally straightforward.
In subacute or chronic presentations, the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency may include fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches, weight loss, and a low blood pressure (<110 mm Hg) that may be orthostatic. More than 90% of cases will demonstrate skin hyperpigmentation (due to increased ACTH release) in areas exposed to light, chronic friction, or pressure, as well as the palmar creases.2
There are three major types of adrenal insufficiency. Primary adrenal insufficiency is caused by destruction or dysfunction of the adrenal gland itself; this will not manifest until 90% of the gland is destroyed.3 Because there is direct damage to the gland, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid secretion are affected; destruction of the entire gland can affect sympathetic nervous system function as well. In the United States, the most common cause (80%) of primary adrenal insufficiency is autoimmune adrenalitis (Addison disease); half of these cases exist as part of the polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I or II, which can include diabetes and hypothyroidism in addition to adrenal insufficiency. Worldwide, the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency is destruction of the adrenal gland byMycobacterium tuberculosis.
Secondary (and tertiary) adrenal insufficiency results from any process involving the pituitary gland or hypothalamus that interferes with ACTH secretion. Such processes include tumors of the pituitary or hypothalamus, infiltrative processes such as sarcoid or TB, surgery, radiation, trauma, and postpartum pituitary necrosis (Sheehan syndrome). Secondary adrenal insufficiency affects only glucocorticoid production (ACTH only affects cortisol production and release). Mineralocorticoid production and sympathetic function are generally not affected.
By far, the most common etiology of secondary adrenal insufficiency is hypoaldosteronism caused by prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. When exogenous glucocorticoids are administered, the body's production of cortisol can be suppressed, which can lead to decreased adrenal gland responsiveness and atrophy. Inhibition of ACTH secretion depends on the dose, duration, and frequency of glucocorticoid therapy. While there is variation among individual patients, adrenal insufficiency should be considered in symptomatic patients who have received doses of prednisone >7.5 mg per day or another steroid equivalent for longer than 3 weeks.4,5 Inhaled and topical steroids are also demonstrated culprits in adrenal suppression.6,7 Patients taking medications that inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 (diltiazem, protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, grapefruit juice) will have a prolonged biologic half-life of glucocorticoids and thus an enhanced suppression of adrenal function.8 The adrenal glands may require 6 to 12 months for full recovery of function following prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids.9 Tertiary adrenal insufficiency results when an insufficient amount of CRH is produced by the hypothalamus (Table 43.1).
TABLE 43.1 Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency
HIV and AIDS
Adrenal insufficiency has been demonstrated in 5% to 20% of tested patients with HIV.10 The prevalence increases with the progression of HIV. HIV may result in primary adrenal insufficiency by itself or through associated infection (TB, cytomegalovirus [CMV], Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) or malignancy (Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma). HIV is also associated with secondary adrenal insufficiency through infectious agents that affect the pituitary gland (toxoplasmosis, CMV), drugs that interfere with adrenal function (ketoconazole, megestrol acetate), or drugs that increase degradation of cortisol (rifampin, phenytoin, opiates).11 Autopsies of patients with AIDS show adrenal injury in over 50% of cases and pituitary involvement injury in 30% of cases.12
Etomidate is a first-line anesthetic used in rapid sequence intubation; it is particularly useful in critically ill patients because it is hemodynamically well tolerated. Etomidate, however, decreases available cortisol by inhibiting the 11β-hydroxylase enzyme that converts 11β-deoxycortisol into cortisol in the adrenal gland. Use of continuous etomidate infusion in the critically ill has been associated with an increase in mortality and thus has been curtailed.13 A single dose of etomidate has been shown to cause laboratory evidence of adrenal suppression for 4 to 24 hours. In one study, 80% of patients showed adrenal suppression when tested at 12 hours after a single dose of etomidate.14 However, the clinical effects of this effect are still in debate. A multitude of smaller and retrospective studies showed no difference in outcome with etomidate. A large 2012 meta-analysis/systemic review demonstrated that in critically ill patients, the relative risk of death with etomidate use was 1.20 (95% CI 1.04–1.42).15Smaller studies have also linked etomidate to a higher risk of pneumonia (56% vs. 26%) in trauma patients.16 Although evidence is inconclusive, it may be prudent to consider other induction agents if they are available. While some practitioners have opted to give steroids for 24 to 48 hours after an etomidate-assisted intubation in order to compensate for the decreased adrenal function, small studies have failed to demonstrate any changes in patient outcomes with the use of adjunctive steroids.
Infection stimulates an inflammatory, coagulation, and immunologic response that works synergistically to either eliminate or control the infection and to repair associated tissue damage. If left unchecked or unregulated, however, these host defenses may themselves become counterproductive and lead to deterioration in organ function rather than to restoration of homeostasis. It is believed that in some cases of sepsis, it is overaggressive and protracted host defense, rather than the precipitating insult (e.g., pneumonia), that primarily determines outcome.
Infection also stimulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, causing an increase in glucocorticoid release. Glucocorticoids exert a protective effect by restraining the host defense response at many levels, including suppression of cytokine production. Studies have shown that sepsis nonsurvivors exhibit a persistent and exaggerated increase in circulating inflammatory cytokine concentrations when compared with survivors.17,18 Research also suggests that cytokines can produce a concentration-dependent resistance to glucocorticoids in target tissues by reducing glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity for cortisol.19 Finally, inflammatory mediators (including cytokines) are also known to alter the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and contribute directly to adrenal insufficiency.
Because of these associations, it was once thought that all patients with severe septic shock should be treated with exogenous steroids. Early treatment and studies used "high-dose" steroids (30 mg/kg methylprednisolone), but showed limited success; subsequent studies of "high-dose" steroids showed at first no improvement, and later, harm.20,21 The negative effects of glucocorticoid therapy included hyperglycemia, superinfection, muscular weakness, hypernatremia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, psychosis, and poor wound healing.
More recently, studies have focused on the effect of "low-dose" steroids (e.g., 200 to 300 mg of hydrocortisone or equivalent). Patients considered for exogenous glucocorticoid therapy are those in septic shock who remain unstable after fluid and vasopressor therapy. The endpoints examined were earlier reversal of shock and effect on mortality. A representative study with "low-dose" steroids showed effect on the timing of shock reversal, but no effect at 28-day mortality.22 A 2002 landmark study separated patients with a normal corticotrophin stimulation (responders) from patients with an abnormally low response (nonresponders). This study showed the 28-day mortality was decreased by corticosteroid therapy in the overall patient population (61% vs. 55%) and in the ACTH nonresponder group of patients (63% vs. 53%), with no increase in adverse events.23 This study led to the inclusion of steroid therapy in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign in 2004.
An important follow-up trial in 2008 reopened the question of steroids in sepsis.24 This large study also separated septic shock patients into responders and nonresponders, but found no difference in nonresponders who received glucocorticoids from placebo (39% vs. 36%). Shock reversal did occur more quickly in the treated group (3.3 days vs. 5.8 days); however, no difference in mortality was proven, and the study showed an increase in hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, and superinfections in steroid-treated patients.
Presently, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2012 guidelines recommend hydrocortisone at a dose of 200 mg per day for patients who remain hemodynamically unstable after adequate fluid and vasopressor therapy. An ACTH stimulation test is not a prerequisite for initiating steroid therapy (see below).25
The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency involves testing cortisol levels. In an unstressed patient, a single morning cortisol level can be sufficient. A level of <3 mcg/dL is diagnostic for adrenal insufficiency, a level of 4 to 10 mcg/dL is suggestive, and a level of >20 mcg/dL excludes the condition. However, as any form of stress increases cortisol levels, this metric is rarely helpful in the emergency or ICU setting. In septic patients, a random level of <10 mcg/dL has been used as an indicator of adrenal insufficiency, while a level of >33 mcg/dL makes the diagnosis unlikely.26 One study evaluated multiple approaches to diagnosing adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients with septic shock and concluded that the standard 250 mcg cosyntropin (ACTH) stimulation test—with a result of ≤9 mcg/dL increase from baseline in total cortisol 60 minutes after administration—was the best predictor of decreased adrenal function.27 A "low-dose" 1 mcg cosyntropin (ACTH) stimulation test has also been in limited use; this more sensitive assay has been shown to be a better predictor of survival, but is not readily available and is not as widely accepted.28 The American College of Critical Care Medicine currently recommends that adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients is best identified by an increase in serum cortisol level of <9 mcg/dL after a 250 mg ACTH stimulation test, or a random total cortisol level <10 mcg/dL.26 It also recommends that these tests be performed only in patients with suspected adrenal insufficiency. This means that not all septic shock patients who are put on steroids require testing.
In the critical care setting, management of adrenal insufficiency focuses on treating concomitant stresses, resuscitating the patient, and giving glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone is the glucocorticoid of choice, as it has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activities; it also adequately treats associated electrolyte disturbances caused by mineralocorticoid deficiency that are seen in primary adrenal insufficiency. Fludrocortisone, a mineralocorticoid, has been studied and is not considered necessary to supplement in the acute setting. Dexamethasone has been suggested for patients who may eventually need an ACTH stimulation test, as it does not interfere with cortisol levels; however, it is not indicated in critically ill patients, especially those with electrolyte disturbances, as it has no mineralocorticoid activity. In all patients receiving hydrocortisone, glucose should be monitored, as hyper- and hypoglycemic episodes are possible. Patients should also be monitored for hypernatremia, and hypertonic saline should generally be avoided.
In patients with acute adrenal crisis, treatment dose hydrocortisone is 50 to 100 mg IV q6h. Alternatively, a dose of hydrocortisone 50 to 100 mg followed by an infusion of 20 mg/hour has been used. Improvement is typically observed within 4 to 6 hours. In the setting of suspected adrenal insufficiency with concomitant septic shock, no standard dosing has been established; a common approach is to give hydrocortisone at a dose of either 200 to 300 mg per day or 50 mg q6h. This is often continued for 5 to 7 days with or without a taper.25,29 In patients who have a history of adrenal insufficiency who are undergoing an acute stress/procedure, a single dose of 100 mg IV of hydrocortisone has been recommended.
Adrenal insufficiency can be a devastating complication of critically illness and is an important entity to consider in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistent hypotension, shock, or sepsis. The use of steroids in sepsis should be strongly considered in patients with vasopressor refractory shock.
CI, confidence interval.
1.Gary P, Zaloga MD, Paul Marik MD. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal insufficiency. Crit Care Clin. 2001;17:25–41.
2.Dunlop D. Eighty-six cases of addison's disease. Br Med J. 1963;2(5362):887.
3.Munver R, Volfson IA. Adrenal insufficiency: diagnosis and management. Curr Urol Rep. 2006;7:80–85.
4.Bouillon R. Acute adrenal insufficiency. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006;35:76797.
5.Marik PE. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. Chest. 2009;135:181–193.
6.Hengge UR, Ruzicka T, Schwartz RA, et al. Adverse effects of topical glucocorticosteroids. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(1):1–15.
7.Zollner EW. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled corticosteroids (Part 2). Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18:469.
8.Varis T, Kivisto KT, Backman JT, et al. The cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor itraconazole markedly increases the plasma concentrations of dexamethasone and enhances its adrenal-suppressant effect. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000;68:487–494.
9.Axelrod L. Perioperative management of patients treated with glucocorticoids. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003;32:367–383.
10.Masharani U, Schambelan M. The endocrine complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Adv Intern Med. 1993;38:323–336.
11.Prasnthai V, Sunthornyothin S, Phowthongkum P, et al. Prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients with AIDS. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007;90:1768.
12.Eledrisi MS, Verghese AC. Adrenal Insufficiency in HIV Infection: a review and recommendations. Am J Med Sci. 2001;321(2):137–144.
13.Wagner RL, White PF, Kan PB, et al. Inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1415–1421.
14.Vinclair M, Broux C, Faure P, et al. Duration of adrenal inhibition following a single dose of etomidate in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34:714–719.
15.Chan CM, Mitchell AL, Shorr AF. Etomidate is associated with mortality and adrenal insufficiency in sepsis: a meta-analysis*. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(11):2945–2953.
16.Asehnoune K, Mahe PJ, Seguin P. Etomidate increases susceptibility to pneumonia in trauma patients. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(10):1673–1678.
17.Hermus ARMM, Sweep CGJ. Cytokines and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1990;37:867–871.
18.Damas P, Ledoux D, Nys M, et al. Cytokine serum level during severe sepsis in human IL-6 as a marker of severity. Ann Surg. 1992;215:356–362.
19.Kam JC, Szefler SJ, Surs W, et al. Combination IL-2 and IL-4 reduces glucocorticoid receptor-binding affinity and T cell response to glucocorticoids. J Immunol. 1993;151:3460–3466.
20.The Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis Cooperative Study Group. Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with clinical signs of systemic sepsis. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:659–665.
21.Cronin L, Cook DJ, Carlet J, et al. Corticosteroid treatment for sepsis: a critical appraisal and meta-analysis of the literature. Crit Care Med. 1995;24:1430–1439.
22.Cicarelli DD, Viera JE, Martin Besenor FE. Early dexamethasone treatment for septic shock patients: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Sao Paulo Med J. 2007;125:237–241.
23.Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, et al. Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA. 2002;288:862–870.
24.Sprung CL, Annane D, et al. Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2008;10;358:111–124.
25.Dellinger P, Levy M, Rhodes A. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:580–637.
26.Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:1937–1949.
27.Salgado DR, Verdeal JCR, Rocco JR. Adrenal function testing in patients with septic shock. Crit Care. 2006;10:R149.
28.Siraux V, De Backer D, Yalavatti G. Relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock: comparison of low-dose and conventional corticotropin tests. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:2479–2486.
29.The COIITSS Study Investigators. Corticosteroid treatment and intensive insulin therapy for septic shock in adults: randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010;303:341–348.


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: Paradox 11, Windows 7, & Novell
03-26-11, 00:28 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Mar 2011
- Posts
- 2
Unanswered: Paradox 11, Windows 7, & Novell
I have just moved to Windows 7. I was able to install Paradox 11 and by running in compatibility mode all seemed to be working. But today I logged into our Novell network and ran into a huge problem.
Paradox isn't recognizing any of the mapped drives on the Novell server, where all my data and queries are stored!
All other programs recognize the Novell drives, Paradox is the only program that can't see them.
Has anyone else run into this problem and found a solution? Any help would be greatly appreciated.
03-26-11, 10:10 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- Dec 2007
- Posts
- 375
a more detailed answer was sent as a reply to your e-mail message.. my main point, as usual, is to post better details on Home - Paradox Community--
Steven Green - Myrtle Beach, South Carolina USA
Oasis Trading Post
- Collectibles and Memorabilia
- Vintage Lego Sets and Supplies
- and Paradox Support, too
03-31-11, 20:56 #3Registered User
- Join Date
- Mar 2011
- Posts
- 2
Windows Virtual XP on Windows 7
my brother suggested that I install the Windows XP Virtual Machine and that seems to have worked, I can run Paradox in the virtual machine and it is able to find the Novell network drives, which were invisible to it when running in Windows 7 (in compatibility mode)
it is time to find something new, or to retire, sigh! I know other systems but I'm faster and more agile and accurate in Paradox than in anything else I've used


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Geckobot Wall Climbing Robot
Just 1 exciting trip up, up, up the wall and you'll know why it's an award winner. An innovative battery-powered gear system moves the legs – while an air pump creates the suction that keeps it climbing. When its tongue hits an object, the motor reverses and the gecko walks back down the wall. The 24-page, color manual is full of lively information, as kids build 6 other cool models with the 176 pieces. Requires 3 AAA batteries. For ages 8-12 yrs, from Thames & Kosmos.
From Thames and Kosmos |
Item # 620365 TK
- Price:
- $49.95
- Customer Reviews:
- Currently 0/5 Stars.
- Recommended Age:
- 8 years and up
- Availability:
- In stock (guaranteed)
- Available for pre-order
- Temporarily out of stock
- Usually Ships:
- within 24 hours
- Includes all parts for 7 different experiments, plus 24 page, full-color manual with scientific information and explanations
- Requires 3 AAA batteries
Developmental BenefitsLearn more
Types of PlayLearn more
Product RatingWrite a review
Average Rating
- Currently 0/5 Stars.


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State Bicycle Co.?
Anyone have any first hand opinions on their bikes? They are about the same price as the fabled Kilo TT. I'm wary of companies that specialize in custom fixies in endless color combos. But I've read a few reviews that make them seem like they are a step above some of the other junk.
Run away!
I'm pretty sure there's a new thread every three months with this exact same title.
Kilo TT!
(there I did it myself)
I built one up a week ago. My first impression was that it was of higher quality than the sub $300 offerings on bikesdirect since the welding looked comparable to my girlfriend's Motobecane Track. While I still think the components are more presentable and polished looking on the State, the frame itself had some pretty bad flaws. First off, the dropouts weren't even. This, in addition to them giving you cheap axle nuts without rotating washers that didn't exactly spin smoothly onto the axles, made tensioning such a time consuming, low quality experience. No wonder they come with free chain tensioners, but they are useless once you add a couple of teeth on your cog or chainring - as in my case - unless you add more chain links. The wellgo pedals didn't spin on their own at all, making strapping in bothersome. Also, the headset was definitely bottom of the barrel, but it's not as noticeable while riding. I wouldn't recommend someone to not buy State Bikes if they're going for a very specific look for cheap, but I really feel like they cut some corners on their product.
TLDR; They're aight, but overpriced for what they are.
I recently picked up one. I am not disappointed so far. There are some flaws like Training says, but in my opinion, they are forgivable for the price and appearance options. I looked at "name brand" frames and bikes, and could not see anything comparable for the price. I refuse to pay road bike money for a ss/fg. Especially, as this is meant to be my beater to twaddle around with the girlfriend. I like the State better than the SE Draft I bought her. Everything spins or rotates fine on both of them after some fiddling. My biggest complaint is the freewheel is clunky and not very concentric and the chain has a sticky link.. all fixable though.
If there is better for less than $600 complete, I did not find it.
Generic, corny, unimaginative. Their whole marketing scheme is to market to n00bs since anyone that actually knows anything about bikes would stay away from anything to do with State Bike Co.
I have one, I like it (got it 6 months ago). I just rode it 80miles with 11,000ft of climbing and made it home without an issue. Maybe someone can tell me what to look at to determine whether its a hunk of junk or not. But I probably wouldn't be able to make a credible determination being that I am a "n00b."
My humble observations, I'll be the first to admit I don't know a lot so below is information from just a regular guy;
My dropouts were straight, no fancy axel nuts but meh to me (I don't expect my things to stay perfect for forever), the pedals were tight at first but they loosened up. My seat tube came slightly dented, but I fixed it, probably due to shipping by USPS from AZ to Japan. Front tire bead just separated from the casing last week, chainring bolts needed to be tightened to stop a popping noise. Pedals have a little little bit of play, possibly from trying to do too much climbing with 75gi? I, for some reason, get caught up with roadie friends going into mountain areas... Wheels seem pretty true still. Chain is stretched, just checked it today.
So far I've rode at least 1,049 miles and gained 45,056ft (according to Strava). So is a stretched chain, ruined tire and slight play in the pedals acceptable for the afore mentioned milage?
One more thing. Tire bead separation can lead to a blowout, which can be nasty if you're bombing downhill at 60+ kph.
Ah, well lesson learned. KMC D101, Shimano r540, and Michelin Dynamic Sports (I think) are in my future.
a better bike should be in your future.
Also, your chain is fine.
Good feedback. I think most of the negative comments are from people that have too high of expectations for a $400 bike. So, for $400 I will be expecting the Kilo TT to be equal to my friend's Bianchi Pista or my Surly since that is what BD tells me to expect
Hi, this is Mehdi Farsi, co-founder of State Bicycle Co.
Since establishing in 2009, we have made leaps and bounds in our product offerings, quality, and customer experience. We ship for free, offer free returns, and warranty all of our products. Our bikes have put riders on podiums at events such as The Wolfpack Hustle Crash and we've competed in international level events such as the Red Hook Crit.
We sometimes get "lumped in" with our competition due to our price point, but I can assure you State Bicycle Co. is head and shoulders better than the rest of the "entry level" fixed gear products. We use 4130 Chromoly rather than hi-tensile steel on our $429 bikes.
I have posted some 3rd party reviews for you to check out. Please let me know if you have any questions.
Urban Velo:
Pez Cycling News:
Bicycle Radar:
And some videos:
I love it when this happens.
Can someone explain what is wrong with state bicycle bikes. Is it the components....frame design...wheelset? Why is a kilo tt better?
Another thing I forgot to add, we are NOT only online. Our bikes are sold by over 250 IBD across the US. That is our biggest endorsement of quality IMO.
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I learned a lot in internet marketing from Sean Agnew. In this article I will share with you all that I have learned from Sean Agnew.
Sean Agnew – What Is Internet Marketing?
Internet marketing is a great way to promote your business. If you are not already using internet marketing, consider using it immediately. This article will teach you some of the basic concepts of internet marketing. Having a firm grasp of these concepts is important if you want to implement your own marketing campaign.
When you want a certain group of links to appear on every page, you use "site-wide links". These are usually found on the page towards the bottom, and many times link to site maps or contact pages. If you are trying to steer your web visitors to a particular page of content, these links will enable you to do this. They help users to navigate through your site.
Check out this great video on internet marketing:
Sean Agnew – Use Tags To Rank Your Items
Meta Tags is one of the most important aspects for creating reliable HTML codes. Search engines use the meta tags you choose to aid in classifying your website, although your visitors will not be aware of this. These tags are very important for establishing the subject matter of your site. Try to limit the amount of tags you use, but add other tags when needed. Conduct your own due diligence regarding effective keywords, and incorporate those most frequently utilized by the visitors you seek most.
"H tags," used while writing HTML code for a website, are desgined to emphasize keywords, titles and other important text elements. The <b>, bold tag is frequently used to emphasize a portion of text that is important or needs to be seen. Ideally, these tags should be used around pieces of text that are particularly meaningful, and for the titles of your posts. The use of bold tags will assist website visitors in navigating your website and in locating the information that they are seeking. The location of important content will be found quickly by the assistance of search engine spiders. The titles should include keywords to get the most of them.
Sean Agnew – Ways To Market Your Goods
Be sure to look for other ways in which you can use the Internet to market your goods. New ideas can dramatically improve your business. While there is no reason to stop what already works for you, there is also no reason not to implement new strategies. Capitalizing on trends is a great way to increase your visibility. The Internet can be random because it is difficult to accurately determine what will be successful next. Your best option is to constantly create new and exciting content. Watch the most popular videos on sites like YouTube and Reddit. These sites can give you an idea of which concepts are most effective.
There are many different internet marketing strategies that you can find. The ideas in this article are only a small selection of them. Even when you have begun to use these ideas, it is helpful to keep an eye out for new and unique ideas to make your marketing campaigns even better.
I hope you enjoyed this article!


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Bryan Pagliano, a former IT specialist for former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, may prove to be a treasure trove of information for the FBI in their investigation into Clinton's private email server.
Pagliano, who will receive immunity for cooperating with the FBI, has provided details concerning Clinton's personal email system and how the system was set up.
An unnamed source told Fox News, "Bryan Pagliano is a devastating witness and, as a webmaster, knows exactly who had access to [Clinton's] computer and devices at specific times. His importance to this case cannot be over-emphasized."
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With the help of the information provided by Pagliano, the FBI hopes it can combine the evidence with images of Clinton on the road using various electronic devices and create a roadmap for investigators as they follow her email trail.
"It still boils down to a paper case. Did you email at this time from your home or elsewhere using this device? And here is a picture of you and your aides holding the devices," said the source, who is not authorized to speak on the record about the investigation.
TRENDING: Dem Reads Trump's Tweets Out Loud During Hearing, That's When He Hears from Jeff Sessions
Fox News also reports that Clinton's deliberate "creation" and "control" of the private server is a focal point of the investigation. Pagliano is important to the investigation because he would know specifics in regards to how the private server was installed and maintained in her home.
A source close to Pagliano downplayed the significance of the information the former IT specialist is providing, describing him as a "peripheral" player in the overall investigation.
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When Univision's Jorge Ramos, the moderator for the Democratic debate on Wednesday, asked Clinton if she would drop out of the race if she was indicted by the FBI, Clinton responded by saying, "My goodness. That's not going to happen. I'm not even answering that."
She went on to state that she neither sent nor received anything that was marked classified.
The confusion comes from the classified non-disclosure agreement, which Clinton signed in January 2009, which stated she understood that classified information could be marked and unmarked, as well as verbal communications.
Concerning Pagliano's involvement in the case, Clinton recently said, "I'm delighted that [Pagliano] has agreed to cooperate, as everyone else has. And I think that we will be moving toward a resolution of this."
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When asked March 1 by a congressman if he could tell Congress when the email investigation would be wrapped up, FBI Director James Comey said, "I can't, congressman, as you know we don't talk about our investigations. What I can assure you is that I am very close personally to that investigation to ensure that we have the resources we need, including people and technology, and that it's done the way the FBI tries to do all of it's work: independently, competently and promptly. That's our goal, and I'm confident that it's being done that way, but I can't give you any more details beyond that."
h/t: Fox News