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Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (cachexia) is severe in patients with colorectal liver metastases because of the large increase in resting energy expenditure but remains understudied because of a lack of suitable preclinical models. Our aim was to characterize a novel preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases. We tested the hypothesis that mice with colorectal liver metastases would exhibit cachexia, as evidenced by a reduction in liver-free body mass, muscle mass, and physiological impairment. Twelve-week-old male CBA mice received an intrasplenic injection of Ringer solution (sham) or murine colorectal cancer cells (MoCR) to induce colorectal liver metastases. At end-point (20–29 days), the livers of MoCR mice were infiltrated completely with metastases, and MoCR mice had reduced liver-free body mass, muscle mass, and epididymal fat mass compared with sham controls (P < 0.03). MoCR mice exhibited impaired rotarod performance and grip strength (P < 0.03). Histochemical analyses of tibialis anterior muscles from MoCR mice revealed muscle fiber atrophy and reduced oxidative enzyme activity (P < 0.001). Adipose tissue remodeling was evident in MoCR mice, with reduced adipocyte diameter and greater infiltration of nonadipocyte tissue (P < 0.05). These findings reveal the MoCR mouse model exhibits significant cachexia and is a suitable preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases. This model should be used for identifying effective treatments for cachexia to improve quality of life and reduce mortality in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
- muscle wasting
- cancer cachexia
- muscle weakness
- colorectal liver metastases
cancer cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support, leading to progressive functional impairment (8). Cachexia occurs in up to 80% of patients with advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, colon, lung, breast, sarcoma, and prostate (33). It is also present early in the progression of gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and lung cancers (33). Cachexia reduces mobility and functional independence and causes severe fatigue, which together reduce overall quality of life (26). Cachexia can also increase the risk of postoperative complications, impair the response to antineoplastic treatments, and result in the eventual failure of respiratory and cardiac muscle function that causes 20–30% of all cancer-related deaths (33). Unfortunately, there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for cancer cachexia, and this is due, at least in part, to a lack of suitable preclinical models that closely mimic the human condition for maximizing translational outcomes (24).
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and is the fourth-most common cause of cancer-related death (9). The most frequent complication of colorectal cancer is the development of liver metastases, which occurs in 70% of cases and is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer patients (30). Only a small minority (∼10%) of patients with colorectal liver metastases are considered candidates for resection, which may offer a possible cure (30). For the remaining ∼90% of patients, liver metastases are unresectable, and chemotherapy is the main alternative. Cachexia is particularly prevalent and severe in patients with colorectal liver metastases due to the very high-energy demands of the liver. In the healthy state, liver metabolism represents ∼20% of whole body resting energy expenditure (REE) (7). However, REE increases in proportion to liver size and the large increase in liver mass due to metastases results in a greatly elevated REE (19). A prospective study of patients with colorectal liver metastases found that a 1-kg increase in liver mass (including metastases) resulted in a 343-kcal increase in REE (19). The study also showed an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass and an accelerated gain of liver mass in patients with colorectal liver metastases (19).
Treatments are needed urgently to counteract cachexia in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases, to improve their quality of life, enhance their response to chemotherapy, and to reduce mortality. Potential treatments need to be tested first in preclinical models that closely mimic the human condition but despite the availability of well-characterized preclinical models of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer, such as the colon-26 (C-26) tumor-bearing mouse (24), no preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases has been described. It is imperative that a model of cachexia in metastatic colorectal cancer is identified, as the etiology and response to potential treatments are likely to be different to that in models of nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize the cachexia in our well-described mouse model of colorectal liver metastases (17, 18, 27). We tested the hypothesis that mice with colorectal liver metastases would exhibit cachexia, with reductions in liver-free body mass and muscle mass and impairments in whole body function, and, therefore, represent the first validated preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases.
Experimental animals.
All experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of The University of Melbourne and conducted in accordance with the Australian Code of Practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes, as stipulated by the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia). Twelve-week-old male CBA mice (Laboratory Animal Services, The University of Adelaide, South Australia) were allocated randomly into one of two experimental groups: a sham control group (sham; n = 12) or a colorectal liver metastases group (MoCR; n = 12). All mice were housed in the Biological Research Facility at The University of Melbourne under a 12:12-h light-dark cycle. Water was available ad libitum, and both water and standard laboratory chow were provided, changed, and monitored daily. The amount of food consumed per mouse per day was determined and expressed as cumulative food intake, and the amount of water consumed per mouse per day was determined and expressed as cumulative water intake.
Mouse model of colorectal liver metastases.
The mouse model of colorectal liver metastases was that described by Kuruppu et al. (17). A dimethyl-hydrazine-induced primary colon carcinoma was maintained by in vivo serial passages in the flanks of 10–12-wk-old male CBA mice. Tumors were removed from passage mice and used to make a tumor cell suspension (1 × 106 cells/ml in Ringer solution with 0.1% glucose). Three cohorts [n = 4/cohort for a total of n = 12 murine colorectal cancer cell (MoCR) mice] of 12-wk-old mice were injected with MoCR cells that had been passaged once (cohort 1), twice (cohort 2), or four times (cohort 3). For tumor induction, mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of ketamine (100 mg/kg body mass) and xylazine (10 mg/kg; VM Supplies, Chelsea Heights, Victoria, Australia), such that they were unresponsive to tactile stimuli. Preoperative carprofen (5 mg/kg; Lyppard Australia, Keysborough, Victoria, Australia) was injected subcutaneously in the nape for pain relief. Mice were shaved on their side, and the spleen was exteriorized through a subcostal incision. Two hemostatic clips were applied adjacent to each other across the center of the spleen. Tumor cell suspension (0.05 ml) was slowly injected into the lateral portion of the spleen using a 25-gauge needle over a period of 1 min. The needle was retracted, and even pressure was applied to the spleen for 2 min. A hemostatic clip was then applied across the splenic vessels supplying the section of spleen injected, and a portable cautery was used to cauterize the splenic vessel following which a partial splenectomy was performed. The muscle and skin were sutured, and mice were given a subcutaneous injection of atipamezole (Antisedan; 1 mg/kg; VM Supplies) to partially reverse the effects of xylazine and to promote more rapid recovery from sedation. Mice recovered on a heated pad until fully conscious. This model has been characterized previously, and results in metastases exclusively confined to the liver (17). Liver angiogenesis is established by day 10, followed by an exponential growth of tumors between days 10 and 16, and a plateau from days 19 to 22. Sham mice had a 0.05-ml injection of Ringer solution with 0.1% glucose and a partial splenectomy.
Criteria for humane end point.
End point analyses were conducted if any of the following criteria were met: a decrease of >20% weight loss from the start of the experiment; a body condition score (BCS) of <2 as described previously (10); infection of the wound; or changes in respiration, vocalization, and mobility.
Grip strength and rotarod test.
Whole body strength and whole body mobility and coordination were assessed 1 day before end point analyses by means of a grip strength meter (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH) and rotarod performance test (Rotamex-5, Columbus Instruments), as described in detail previously (24). Grip strength was assessed five times within 2 min, and the average grip strength was normalized to body mass. Rotarod performance was assessed three times with 15 min between tests, and average latency-to-fall was calculated over the three trials.
On the day of end point analyses, mice were anesthetized with an injection of 0.9% HEPES-buffered pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal; 120 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia) via intraperitoneal injection. Supplemental injections of unbuffered Nembutal (60 mg/kg) were administered to maintain unresponsiveness to tactile stimuli. The tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps muscles, as well as the epididymal fat, heart, spleen, and kidneys, were carefully excised, blotted on filter paper, and weighed on an analytical balance. TA muscles were mounted in an embedding medium and frozen in thawing isopentane for later histochemical and biochemical analyses. The TA muscle was chosen because 1) it is of sufficient mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) for conducting these analyses, 2) we have found that it is susceptible to atrophy and functional impairment in the C-26 (24) and LLC tumor-bearing models (23), and 3) we have previously investigated histochemical and biochemical properties of this muscle in the C-26 (24) and LLC tumor-bearing models (23). Although it would be of interest to also examine histochemical and biochemical properties in muscles predominantly composed of type I fibers, such as in the soleus muscle, the small mass of the soleus (5–6 mg) precludes its use in these analyses. Mice were killed as a consequence of heart excision, while still anesthetized deeply.
Skeletal muscle histology.
Serial sections (5 μm) were cut transversely through the TA muscle using a refrigerated (−20°C) cryostat (CTI Cryostat; IEC, Needham Heights, MA). Sections were stained (or reacted) with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to determine general muscle architecture, laminin (no. L9393; Sigma-Aldrich) for determination of mean myofiber CSA, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) to determine activity of oxidative enzymes, and N2.261 (developed by Dr. Helen M. Blau, obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank developed under the auspices of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and maintained by The University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA) to assess the percentage of myosin IIa isoforms (25). We have shown previously that mouse TA muscle contains a virtual absence of type I fibers (22), and so all non-N2.261 reacting fibers were assumed to represent type IIx/b fibers. Optical density (OD) of SDH was determined after 6 min of reactivity for all samples, and sections were captured in full color using bright-field light microscopy and analyzed, as described previously (25). Digital images were obtained using an upright microscope with camera (Axio Imager D1, Carl Zeiss, Wrek, Göttingen, Germany), controlled and quantified by AxioVision AC software (AxioVision AC Rel. 4.7.1, Carl Zeiss).
Fat histology.
Epididymal fat was immersed in Bouin's solution overnight and then transferred to 70% ethanol. Tissues were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax in a random orientation, and 10-μm sections were cut using a cryostat (CTI Cryostat). Sections were stained with H&E, imaged using an upright microscope and camera (Axio Imager F1), and quantified by AxioVision AC software. For each sample, diameter was determined in 251 ± 35 adipocytes (obtained from three independent sections of tissue).
Real-time RT-PCR analyses.
Total RNA was extracted from 10–20 mg of TA muscle using a commercially available kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions (PureLink RNA mini kit; Invitrogen). RNA concentration was determined spectrophotometrically at 260 nm, and the samples were stored at −80°C. RNA was transcribed into cDNA using the Invitrogen SuperScript VILO cDNA synthesis kit, and the resulting cDNA stored at −20°C for subsequent analysis. Real-time RT-PCR was carried out with the Bio-Rad CFX384 Touch real-time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) using the ssoAdvanced SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad). Measurements included a no template control, as well as an RT negative control. Primer sequences for MuRF-1, atrogin-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were as detailed previously (22, 24). The content of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in each sample was determined using the Quanti-iT OilGreen ssDNA assay kit (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), as described previously (25). Gene expression was quantified by normalizing the logarithmic cycle threshold (CT) value (2−CT) to the cDNA content of each sample to obtain the expression 2−CT/cDNA content (ng/ml).
Western blot analyses.
Western blot analysis was performed as described previously (16, 25). Membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies (all 1:1,000 in blocking buffer): p-Akt (Ser473; no. 8271; Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), Akt (no. 9272; Cell Signaling), p-p70S6K (Thr389; no. 9205; Cell Signaling), and p70S6K (no. 9202; Cell Signaling), as detailed elsewhere (16, 25). The signal was imaged using ChemiDoc XRS machine (Bio-Rad), and blots were quantified using Image Lab software (Bio-Rad). A total protein stain (BLOT-FastStain, G-Biosciences, St. Louis, MO) was performed by incubating membranes in Fixer for 3 min at RT, and then in Developer for 1 min at RT followed by 30 min at 4°C. The signal was imaged using ChemiDoc XRS machine, and blots were quantified using Image Lab software.
Statistical analyses.
All values are expressed as means ± SE, unless stated otherwise. Groups were compared using a Student's t-test, a one-way ANOVA, or a two-way ANOVA, where appropriate. Fiber-type proportions are presented as 95% confidence intervals of the mean. Differences were considered significant when no overlap existed between the 95% confidence intervals (31). Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine significant differences between individual groups. Correlations were determined by least squares linear regression. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05 for all comparisons.
Body condition score, food intake, body mass, and liver mass in MoCR cohorts.
The body condition score (BCS) assessed the general health and well-being of the mice and was used as a criterion for a humane end point. The BCS of MoCR cohort 1 (mice injected with cells that been passaged once, P1) did not start declining until day 28, and end point analyses were performed on these mice on day 29 (Fig. 1A). In MoCR cohort 2 (mice injected with cells that had been passaged twice, P2), BCS started declining on day 24, and end point analyses were performed on day 26 (Fig. 1A). In MoCR, cohort 3 (mice injected with cells that had been passaged four times, P4), BCS started declining on day 17, and end point analyses were performed on day 20 (Fig. 1A). There was a main effect for the BCS of cohort 3 to be lower than cohort 1 and cohort 2, and for the BCS of cohort 2 to be lower than cohort 1 (P < 0.01, Fig. 1A). The decline in BCS in cohorts 2 and 3 was associated with a plateau in cumulative food intake (Fig. 1B) and relative body mass (Fig. 1C). There was a main effect for food intake of cohort 3 to be lower than cohort 1 and cohort 2, and for food intake of cohort 2 to be lower than cohort 1 (P < 0.01, Fig. 1B). No significant difference between cohorts was found for body mass (Fig. 1C). Despite end point analyses being performed on different days, livers from the three cohorts were ∼95% infiltrated with metastases (Fig. 1D), and there was no significant difference between cohorts in liver mass (P < 0.84, Fig. 1E), indicating that the three MoCR cohorts had a similar extent of metastases. Liver mass in each of the MoCR cohorts was significantly higher than in sham controls (P < 0.01, Fig. 1E). There were also no significant differences among MoCR cohorts in muscle mass (P < 0.98, Fig. 1F). These findings confirm the appropriateness of using BCS in the criteria for a humane end point. Because of the similarity in metastases infiltration, liver mass, and muscle mass, data from the three cohorts were combined for comparison with sham controls, which also comprised three cohorts that had their end point matched to the MoCR cohorts [cohort 1 end point, day 29 (n = 4); cohort 2 end point, day 26 (n = 4); cohort 3 end point (day 20)].
Body mass, body condition score, food and water intake, liver mass, and liver-free body mass in MoCR mice.
Because of the invasive nature of the surgery, relative body mass of sham control mice decreased for the first 5 days after surgery and increased progressively thereafter (Fig. 2A). A similar initial decrease after surgery was seen in the MoCR mice, but despite having an increase in liver mass due to metastases, MoCR mice had lower relative body mass than sham controls from day 10 (Fig. 2A). Sham mice maintained a healthy BCS of 3 over the course of the experiment (data not shown). MoCR mice ate and drank more than sham controls (P < 0.04, Fig. 2, B and C). At end point, MoCR mice had a ∼6.5-fold higher liver mass than controls due to the infiltration of metastases (sham, 1,302 ± 59; n = 12; MoCR, 8,084 ± 852 mg; n = 9; P < 0.001). The increased liver mass was maintained when normalized for initial body mass (P < 0.001, Fig. 2D). Calculation of liver-free body mass revealed that MoCR mice had a 24% reduction in mass compared with sham controls (P < 0.001, Fig. 2E).
Skeletal muscle and fat mass in MoCR mice.
MoCR mice had reduced mass of the soleus (sham, 6.1 ± 0.4; MoCR, 4.8 ± 0.3 mg, P < 0.03), EDL (sham, 12.1 ± 0.5; MoCR, 8.6 ± 0.6 mg, P < 0.001), TA (sham, 44.1 ± 1.1; MoCR, 33.3 ± 1.2 mg, P < 0.001), plantaris (sham, 14.7 ± 0.4; MoCR, 9.1 ± 0.8 mg, P < 0.001), gastrocnemius (sham, 117.7 ± 3.1; MoCR, 91.8 ± 2.6 mg, P < 0.001), and quadriceps muscles (sham, 194.8 ± 5.1; MoCR, 140.8 ± 6.4 mg, P < 0.001) compared with sham controls. When normalized for initial body mass, the lower muscle masses in MoCR mice remained (Fig. 3A). MoCR mice had higher heart mass (sham, 109.9 ± 3.5; MoCR, 136.4 ± 6.6 mg, P < 0.01) and spleen mass (sham, 60.5 ± 3.1; MoCR, 96.2 ± 6.2 mg, P < 0.001) but lower white adipose tissue mass compared with sham controls [white adipose tissue (WAT), sham, 810.1 ± 132.3; MoCR, 92.7 ± 37.3 mg, P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference in kidney mass between groups (sham, 420.8 ± 14.0; MoCR, 429.6 ± 18.9 mg). When normalized for initial body mass, the higher spleen mass and lower WAT mass in the MoCR mice remained (Fig. 3B).
Whole body strength and mobility in MoCR mice.
MoCR mice had a 21% lower average grip strength than sham controls (P < 0.03, Fig. 4A). Latency-to-fall during the rotarod test was 82% lower in MoCR mice compared with sham controls (P < 0.001, Fig. 4B). Impaired mobility has been correlated previously with weight loss in patients with cancer cachexia (13), and so the correlation between rotarod performance and the percentage change in liver-free body mass was investigated. When results for sham and MoCR groups were pooled (n = 17), there was a significant correlation (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001), such that the greater the weight loss, the shorter the latency-to-fall (Fig. 4C).
Muscle fiber size and oxidative enzyme activity in MoCR mice.
TA muscle cross sections were stained with H&E to assess general muscle fiber architecture and reacted for myosin IIa (N2.261, green), laminin (red), and SDH activity (blue) to identify type IIa fibers, visualize all fibers, and indicate oxidative enzyme (SDH) activity, respectively (Fig. 5A). Type I fibers are very rare in mouse TA muscle, so all non-N2.261-reacting fibers were assumed to represent type IIx/b fibers. H&E staining showed that MoCR mice had smaller muscle fibers but similar architecture and extent of nonmuscle tissue as sham controls. There were no differences between groups in the proportion of type IIa and type IIx/b fibers (Fig. 5B) but MoCR mice had a 25% reduction in average fiber CSA (P < 0.001), which was due to atrophy of type IIa (−26%, P < 0.001) and type IIx/b fibers (−25%, P < 0.001, Fig. 5C). Average fiber SDH reaction intensity was also lower in MoCR mice (−19%, P < 0.001), due to lower SDH intensity in type IIa (−18%, P < 0.001) and type IIx/b fibers (−20%, P < 0.001, Fig. 5D).
Remodeling of adipose tissue in MoCR mice.
Examination of cross sections of epididymal fat stained for H&E showed substantial morphological changes in MoCR mice (Fig. 6A). Average adipocyte diameter was 49% smaller in MoCR mice (P < 0.001, Fig. 6B), and a histogram revealed that this was due to a greater proportion of small adipocytes and a lower proportion of large adipocytes (P < 0.05, Fig. 6C). Epididymal fat from MoCR mice also had a 5.6-fold larger area of nonadipocyte tissue (P < 0.01, Fig. 6D).
Pathways involved in protein degradation, inflammation, and protein synthesis in MoCR mice.
To determine the mechanisms involved in the loss of muscle mass in MoCR mice, we assessed the expression of markers involved in muscle protein degradation (MuRF-1 and atrogin-1) and protein synthesis (Akt, p70 S6K) in TA muscles. Because inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia (2), the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6 and TNF-α) was also assessed. MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 mRNA expression was onefold and 11-fold higher in MoCR mice compared with sham controls, respectively (P < 0.03, Fig. 7, A and B). IL-6 mRNA expression was twofold higher in MoCR mice compared with controls (P < 0.01, Fig. 7C), but there was no significant difference in TNF-α mRNA expression between groups (Fig. 7D). To examine changes in the protein synthesis pathway, the expression of phosphorylated and total Akt and p70 S6K was assessed (Fig. 8A). There were no significant differences between groups in phosphorylated and total Akt (Fig. 8, B–D), but MoCR mice had a 40% lower expression of total p70 S6K (P < 0.04, Fig. 8F), and a tendency for lower phosphorylated p70 S6K (P < 0.08, Fig. 8E). As a consequence, phosphorylated p70 S6K normalized to total p70 S6K was not different between groups (Fig. 8H).
Cachexia is particularly prevalent and severe in patients with colorectal liver metastases but remains understudied because of the lack of suitable preclinical models. Preclinical models are essential for our understanding of the pathogenesis and relevance of potential therapies. Until now, no preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases has been characterized. Because the etiology and response to potential treatments are likely to be very different between models of metastatic and nonmetastatic colorectal cancer, it is essential that a model of cachexia in metastatic colorectal cancer is identified and validated. We report here for the first time a novel preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases. In a mouse model of colorectal liver metastases (MoCR), where the intrasplenic injection of murine colorectal cancer cells results in significant liver metastases (17), mice exhibited reductions in body mass, muscle mass, and fat mass, as well as whole body physiological impairments. These changes are consistent with the diagnostic criteria for cachexia (8), and, therefore, confirm the suitability of this model for preclinical studies. Identification of this model represents a significant advance for the translation of preclinical findings and should be used to identify effective treatments for cachexia to improve the quality of life and survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases.
Reproducibility of liver metastases and cachexia in the MoCR model.
Three cohorts of mice were injected with MoCR cells that had been passaged once (P1), twice (P2), or four times (P4). The greater the passage number of injected cells, the faster the deterioration in body condition score and plateau in food intake and body mass. Despite these differences, the infiltration of metastases was similar between cohorts (∼95%). Liver mass and mass of various skeletal muscles were also similar between cohorts, demonstrating the reproducibility of liver metastases and cachexia in the MoCR model. They also show that injection of MoCR cells of differing passages can be used to produce varying speeds of disease progression or when examined at a single time point, can be used to examine different stages of cancer cachexia (i.e., at day 20, P4 cells produce severe cachexia, P2 cells produce cachexia, and P1 cells produce mild cachexia).
Weight loss in the MoCR model of colorectal liver metastases.
The main diagnostic criteria for cachexia in humans is a >5% weight loss (8). Weight loss of >15% is associated with impaired physiological function, and death ensues when weight loss is ∼30% (36). In the present study, liver-free body mass was reduced by 24% in mice with colorectal liver metastases compared with sham controls. In comparison, we have shown previously that severely cachectic mice bearing nonmetastatic subcutaneous colorectal tumors (C-26) lost ∼22% tumor-free body mass (24). Anorexia often but not always accompanies cancer cachexia and can lead to a reduction in nutrient intake of 300–500 kcal/day (32). We have shown previously that severely cachectic mice bearing nonmetastatic C-26 tumors have anorexia (24), but in the current study, when results for the three MoCR cohorts of mice with colorectal liver metastases were combined, anorexia was not observed, and they actually ate and drank more than controls. Previous studies in patients with colorectal liver metastases have shown that despite cachectic patients exhibiting deterioration through depression and physical symptoms, they do not eat less than noncachectic patients (12). These findings reveal that cachexia in mice with colorectal liver metastases is not due to anorexia. Since nutritional supplementation and pharmacological modulation of appetite do not enhance lean muscle mass, these findings are also consistent with the notion that anorexia is not the sole contributor to cancer cachexia (36). The small increase in food intake with the loss of body mass indicates that the MoCR mice may have increased energy expenditure. Although we were unable to directly assess energy expenditure in the present study, a prospective study of patients with colorectal liver metastases found that a 1-kg increase in liver mass (including metastases) resulted in a 343-kcal increase in energy expenditure (19). Assuming a similar relationship exists in mice, the 6.8-g increase in liver mass in the MoCR mice equates to a 2.32 kcal/day elevation in energy expenditure. We have shown previously that 15-wk-old mice have an energy expenditure of ∼14.5 kcal/day (24), and so an elevation of 2.32 kcal/day would equate to a 15% increase in energy expenditure. Together with the reductions in body mass and muscle fiber oxidative enzyme activity (SDH intensity), an increase in energy expenditure in the MoCR mice suggests energy insufficiency, and this has recently been shown in a rat model of cancer cachexia (11). Future studies should confirm this by directly measuring energy expenditure.
Muscle wasting in the MoCR model of colorectal liver metastases.
The magnitude of skeletal muscle loss varies considerably in patients with cancer cachexia. A retrospective study of patients with colorectal liver metastases reported an ∼16% loss of estimated whole body muscle mass (∼4.2 kg) measured at 10.7 to 1.2 mo from death (19). In the present study, the muscle masses of varying fiber types were all significantly (17–37%) smaller in MoCR mice compared with sham controls. This is in contrast to severely cachectic C-26 tumor-bearing mice that demonstrated only (19–21%) reductions in the mass of larger muscles and not in the smaller soleus and plantaris muscles (24). In addition to a loss of muscle mass, patients with cancer cachexia exhibit muscle fiber atrophy with one study reporting a 32% smaller muscle fiber size in cachectic patients with gastrointestinal cancer compared with healthy controls (37). Muscle fiber atrophy was also found in the MoCR mice, with a 25% decrease in fiber area, consistent across the fast oxidative type IIa fibers and fast glycolytic type IIx/b fibers. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that the muscle atrophy in MoCR mice involved increased expression of protein degradative pathways (MuRF-1 and atrogin-1), increased inflammatory markers (IL-6), and reduced expression of protein synthesis pathways (p70 S6K). Each of these changes has been reported in animal models of cachexia in nonmetastatic cancer (6, 24, 38) and suggest that the loss of muscle mass in MoCR mice may be due to both decreased signaling of the pathways regulating protein synthesis and increased signaling of the pathways regulating protein degradation.
Severe fatigue affects 70–100% of patients with cancer cachexia and is one of the main factors contributing to reduced quality of life (4). Decreased activity of oxidative enzymes is associated with fatigue and has been reported in patients with cancer cachexia (29). MoCR mice had reduced oxidative enzyme activity, as evidenced by a reduction in SDH activity in type IIa and type IIx/b fibers. MoCR mice, therefore, exhibit similar reductions in muscle mass, fiber size, and oxidative enzyme activity to patients with cancer cachexia.
The MoCR model of colorectal liver metastases has physiological impairments.
One of the most debilitating aspects of cancer cachexia is the impairment in whole body strength and mobility. Grip strength is reduced by more than 25% in patients with cancer cachexia (14), affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks such as rising from a chair or bed, performing home duties, and maintaining personal hygiene. The reduction in grip strength in cachectic patients has also been correlated strongly with postoperative complications (14). We have shown previously that both severely cachectic and mildly cachectic mice bearing nonmetastatic C-26 tumors have a 22% reduction in grip strength compared with controls (24), and in the present study, MoCR mice had a 21% reduction in grip strength. Thus, the magnitude of impairment in grip strength in our nonmetastatic C-26 and metastatic MoCR models is very similar to that in cachectic cancer patients and highlights the suitability of these preclinical models.
The impaired mobility in patients with cancer cachexia results in reduced levels of physical activity (5). MoCR mice exhibited a large 82% impairment in mobility, as assessed by rotarod performance. This is consistent with the reduction in mobility that we have reported previously in severely cachectic C-26 tumor-bearing mice (24), and the consistency between models demonstrates that the impaired mobility in the MoCR mice was not simply due to the large tumor burden in the abdomen. The impaired mobility in patients with cancer cachexia has been correlated significantly with weight loss (13), and we also found a significant correlation between weight loss and impaired mobility, highlighting the clinical relevance of the MoCR model.
Fat loss and remodeling in the MoCR model of colorectal liver metastases.
Cachexia is usually accompanied by a loss of fat mass, which often precedes the loss of muscle mass. Similar to the loss in muscle mass, the most rapid loss of fat in patients with colorectal liver metastases occurs within 2 mo of death (19). In addition to the loss of fat mass, patients with cancer cachexia experience adipose tissue remodeling characterized by the shrinkage of adipocytes and an increase in interstitial spaces (21). Similar to humans, MoCR mice had a loss of fat mass, reduced adipocyte size, and an increased proportion of nonadipocyte tissue. The same characteristics are found in severely cachectic C-26 tumor-bearing mice (34).
An interesting observation in the present study was the increase in spleen and heart mass in the MoCR mice. The increase in spleen mass is consistent with patients with colorectal liver metastases (19) and the nonmetastatic C-26 model of cancer cachexia (35). The cardiac hypertrophy is in contrast to the reduced absolute heart mass reported previously in C-26 tumor-bearing mice (24, 35). However, these same studies found that C-26 tumor-bearing mice had greater heart mass normalized to tumor-free body mass, which was attributed to edema (24, 35). Chronic liver disease is commonly associated with portal hypertension, and the increase in portal vein pressure when the splenic vein drains into the portal system can lead to an increase in splenic venous pressure (15). Portal vein hypertension is a well-documented cause of spleen enlargement (20) and cardiac hypertrophy (28) and is the likely cause of the increased heart and spleen mass in MoCR mice.
Perspectives and Significance
Despite cancer cachexia being a devastating condition affecting more than 80% of cancer patients and causing the death of more than 20–30% of all cancer patients, there is currently no treatment. A contributing reason for the lack of progress has been a lack of suitable preclinical models that closely mimic the human condition necessary for maximizing translational outcomes. Cachexia is particularly severe in patients with colorectal liver metastases, but no preclinical model of cachexia in colorectal liver metastases has been identified. We have identified a novel, reproducible mouse model of colorectal liver metastases with cachexia that represents a suitable preclinical model. Several models of cachexia in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer have been characterized, but this is the first model of cachexia in metastatic colorectal cancer. Since liver metastases affects 70% of patients with colorectal cancer, this model represents a significant advance that will enhance the translation of preclinical findings. This model will increase the chances of identifying an effective treatment for cancer cachexia to improve the quality of life, enhance the response to antineoplastic treatments, and reduce mortality in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
This work was supported by a research grant from the Victorian Cancer Agency (Australia). K.T.M. is supported by an R.D. Wright Biomedical Research Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia).
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
Author contributions: K.T.M., C.C., and G.S.L. conception and design of research; K.T.M., A.S., and C.M.-W. performed experiments; K.T.M. and A.S. analyzed data; K.T.M., A.S., C.C., and G.S.L. interpreted results of experiments; K.T.M. prepared figures; K.T.M. drafted manuscript; K.T.M., C.C., and G.S.L. edited and revised manuscript; K.T.M., A.S., C.M.-W., C.C., and G.S.L. approved final version of manuscript.
We thank Ms. Annabel Chee (Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne) for assisting with the preparation of the cells. This manuscript is in honor of Cathy Malcontenti-Wilson, one of the authors of this article, who passed away on February 14, 2013.
- Copyright © 2013 the American Physiological Society


text:
1. I'm still using MyFitnessPal every day. I had tried writing down what I was eating before and nothing changed, but I love MyFitnessPal because it really holds me accountable and helps me see what foods do what damage. And I'm so grateful I now have it on my phone! Makes life so much easier. :)
2. Planning ahead is vital. I've eaten out several times in the last few weeks. One of the ways I've survived is that many chain restaurants have all the nutrition info online. I made lists on sticky notes of several lower-calorie options and brought the list with me to the restaurant. I ended up transferring the list to my phone so that when I go back I'll still have it. They're discreet, but still help me have choices in case I decide to change my mind at the last minute.
3. I'm going to the grocery store a lot more often. Eating healthy means eating fresh, which means eating stuff before it goes bad. Then, when I'm all out of broccoli or yogurt or apples, it means another trip to the store!
4. Another woman from work walks with me now. Sometimes it's nice, but honestly, sometimes I just wish I could listen to a podcast.
5. Fat-free cheese does not melt well. And 100-calorie tortillas are gross.
6. I can't tell the difference in the mirror yet, but the scale says I'm about nine pounds lighter (!!!!), my dress pants are baggy, and I'm fitting better into my tighter jeans. These things make me happy. :)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Diamonds Concert Schedule
No Events! =(Track The Diamonds!
About The Diamonds Tour Albums
The Diamonds arrived on the Classical scene with the appearance of the album 'Vintage Vocal Jazz / Swing No. 191 - EP: Little Darlin'' published on May 10, 1957. The single 'Little Darlin'' immediately became a fan favorite and made The Diamonds one of the fastest growing talents at that moment. Later on, The Diamonds published the extremely beloved album 'The Best of the Diamonds: The Mercury Years' which is comprised of some of the most well-known music from the The Diamonds collection. 'The Best of the Diamonds: The Mercury Years' features the single 'Why Do Fools Fall in Love' which has made itself the most well-known for followers to see during the gigs. Apart from 'Why Do Fools Fall in Love', many of other tracks from 'The Best of the Diamonds: The Mercury Years' have also become requested as a result. A few of The Diamonds's most beloved tour albums and songs are seen below. After 59 years since releasing 'Vintage Vocal Jazz / Swing No. 191 - EP: Little Darlin'' and making a massive effect in the business, followers still unite to experience The Diamonds appear live to perform tracks from the entire collection.
The Diamonds Tour Albums and Songs
The Diamonds Concert Tour Questions & Comments
The Diamonds Tour and Concert Ticket Information
- Tour dates for all The Diamonds concerts are refreshed up to the minute.
- Tickets for the upcoming The Diamonds concert are now available.
- Backstage passes will not be any concern, we always have terrific tickets.
- Tour dates for The Diamonds can be found above.
- The Diamonds concert schedule has recently been revealed.
The Diamonds could be coming to a city near you. View the The Diamonds schedule on this page and press the ticket icon to checkout our huge inventory of tickets. Check out our selection of The Diamonds front row tickets, luxury boxes and VIP tickets. After you find the The Diamonds tickets you need, you can buy your seats from our safe and secure checkout. Orders taken before 5pm are usually shipped within the same business day. To purchase last minute The Diamonds tickets, check out the eTickets that can be downloaded instantly.


text:
Traveling Luck for Odee (historical), Kansas, United States
Where is Odee (historical)?What's around Odee (historical)?
Wikipedia near Odee (historical)
Where to stay near Odee (historical)
The timezone in Odee (historical) is America/Rankin_Inlet
Sunrise at 07:29 and Sunset at 17:26. It's Dark
Latitude. 37.1125°, Longitude. -100.3978° , Elevation. 733m
Weather near Odee (historical); Report from Liberal, Liberal Municipal Airport, KS 36.7km away
Weather :
Temperature: 3°C / 37°F
Wind: 6.9km/h South/Southwest
Cloud: Sky Clear
Weather :
Temperature: 3°C / 37°F
Wind: 6.9km/h South/Southwest
Cloud: Sky Clear
Satellite map around Odee (historical)
Loading map of Odee (historical) and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Odee (historical), in Kansas, United States
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Odee (historical) (0km)
- Atwater (historical) (6.3km)
- Elsie Chapel (8.3km)
- XI Ranch (14.6km)
- Friends Chapels (20km)
- Greensward (historical) (21.1km)
- XIT Ranch (23.9km)
- Meade County Fairgrounds (25km)
- Lakeland (historical) (25.7km)
- Carthage (historical) (26.3km)
- Diamond S Ranch (29.3km)
- administrative division;
- an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level.
- Odee, Township of (7km)
- Cimarron, Township of (15.2km)
- Meade Center, Township of (19.4km)
- Sand Creek, Township of (23.5km)
- West Plains, Township of (24km)
- Logan, Township of (26.7km)
- valley;
- an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream.
- Stumpie Arroyo (3km)
- Fox Canyon (20.5km)
- Keefe Canyon (24.1km)
- Artesian Valley (26.6km)
- Hart Draw (26.8km)
- Wolf Canyon (27.1km)
- reservoir(s);
- an artificial pond or lake.
- Lake Meade (7.9km)
- Xit Number 10 Reservoir (18.1km)
- Xit Number 9 Reservoir (19.4km)
- Xit Number 11 Reservoir (21.5km)
- Eagon Number 1 Reservoir (22.1km)
- Xit Number 8 Reservoir (23.1km)
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Lutheran Cemetery (6.6km)
- Atwater Cemetery (6.7km)
- Seward Cemetery (11.6km)
- Little Congregational Cemetery (20km)
- Graceland Cemetery (25.2km)
- dam;
- a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water.
- Xit Number 10 Dam (18.1km)
- Xit Number 9 Dam (19.4km)
- Xit Number 11 Dam (21.5km)
- Eagon Number 1 Dam (22.1km)
- Xit Number 8 Dam (23.1km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Shorts Creek (1.6km)
- Skunkie Arroyo (1.8km)
- Remuda Creek (13.6km)
- Spring Creek (16.9km)
- Taintor Creek (26.6km)
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Happy Hill School (4.4km)
- Meade Bible Academy (15.5km)
- Pleasant Hill School (15.9km)
- airport;
- a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
- Judy Ranch Airport (22km)
- Painter Landing Strip (22.7km)
- mountain;
- an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more.
- Table Mesa (21.7km)
- Twin Hills (21.8km)
- park;
- an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Meade State Park (10km)
- Meade State Fishing Lake and Wildlife Area (10km)
- flat;
- a small level or nearly level area.
- Irish Flats (6km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Emmanuel Church (19.7km)
- spring(s);
- a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground.
- Big Springs (20.4km)
- second-order administrative division;
- a subdivision of a first-order administrative division.
- Meade County (17km)
Wikipedia entries close to
Odee (historical)
- Meade County (Kansas) adm2nd adm2nd
- Meade, Kansas city city o
- Plains, Kansas city city o
- Forgan, Oklahoma city city o
- Kismet, Kansas city city o
- Seward County (Kansas) adm2nd adm2nd
- Knowles, Oklahoma city city o
- Fowler, Kansas city city o
- Beaver, Oklahoma city city o
- Englewood, Kansas city city o
- Gate, Oklahoma city city o
- Liberal, Kansas city city o
- Minneola, Kansas city city o
- Liberal Municipal Airport airport airport
- Turpin, Oklahoma city city o
- Clark County, Kansas
Airports close to Odee (historical)
Garden city rgnl(GCK), Garden city, Usa (117.2km)
Gage(GAG), Gage, Usa (132.2km)


text: Actually, one of my favorite images from this trip. Evoked fall for me in a huge way. a bit lonely, a bit nostalgic, very transitional toward the cold, stripped bare, shortened days of winter.As it happened the air was chilly, it was late in the day and the sun was gone, and there was a distinct autumn feel with leaves falling, floating, and the single short arching foot bridge creating a sense of seasonal transition, as if it represented the bridging of seasons to winter.Not as iconic or immediately impactful as some but for me, loaded with emotional content. what do you think?


text:
Scott Arfield described his pride at scoring against Chelsea on his maiden Barclays Premier League appearance, after revealing that his family were among the crowd at Turf Moor on Monday evening.
The former Falkirk midfielder scored the opening goal against Jose Mourinho's side with a stunning volley from the edge of the box after he had expertly controlled a pinpoint Matt Taylor delivery. The strike left Thibault Courtois with no chance in the Chelsea goal and gave Sean Dyche's side a dream start to life back in the top tier.
Unfortunately for Arfield, it also appeared to spark the star-studded Londoners into life and they strolled to a 3-1 win after a 17-minute blitz from Diego Costa, Andre Schurrle and Branislav Ivanovic. Nevertheless, it did not entirely sour the occasion for the 25-year-old Scot, who was cheered on by a posse from north of the border. "I just had a bit of composure, took a touch and let fly," said Arfiled. "Thankfully it goes into the roof of the net so I was absolutely buzzing. I've waited a long time to play in the top division and I enjoyed it. On a personal level that was different class and my family were down here from Scotland to see it too. They've stuck by me and they've waited a long time for that too so it was a really special moment.
Loading article content
"There are definitely positives to take out of it. For us it is still a case of taking one game at a time and there is no disappointment regardless of this result, we're on to the next game."


text:
The Agenda, published each morning, features the top Charleston-area stories you'll want to know each day.
John Mayer joins Zac Brown's Southern Ground Festival
Guitarist and singer-songwriter John Mayer will be featured as a sit-in artist at the upcoming Southern Ground Music and Food Festival in the festival's second year in residence at Blackbaud Stadium on Daniel Island. Coming off of vocal chord surgery, Mayer promised a brief hiatus from singing, but after a weekend with ZBB at the festival's Nashville sister-event, he'll take the stage, funny solo faces and all, once again next month. Single-day tix for the fest go on sale tomorrow. southerngroundfestival.com
Source: Charleston City Paper
Pecha Kucha Night 15 lineup announced
The lineup for the upcoming Pecha Kucha Night, the secretive creative forum that's part mini-conference, part show-and-tell, part happy hour, has been released, and it looks like a good one. CCP's own Susan Cohen along with partner-in-crime Margaret Pilarski will dish on their upcoming Southeastern Zine Fest, industrial design shop and creators of the Kickstarter-funded Snooze iPhone alarm clock Distil Union will speak, as well as Circa 1886 Executive Chef Marc Collins, and a handful of others. Tickets will go on sale Tuesday and the 'Top Secret Location' for the October 9 evening will be announced shortly after.
Source: The Pecha Kucha Night 15 List
Neve/Hawk launches Fall-Winter line
Charleston creatives turned fashion designers (and Pecha Kucha 12 veterans) Bob and Kris Galmarini celebrate the birth of their newest kids clothing line under their label Neve/Hawk this week.
Source: Neve/Hawk
Charleston officials to break ground on new fire department HQ
A new $5 million LEED silver certified fire station at the corner of Heriot St. and King St. will become the department's new headquarters and will serve the entire peninsula. The existing command post, the familiar station at Meeting St. and Wentworth St. will still function as a working station, but will also become a fire museum.
Sources: WCIV-TV, WCSC-TV
Vote early and... illegally?
Thousands of South Carolina voters looking to get a headstart on casting their ballots, or just avoiding the polls on election day, will likely cast an early (and illegal) absentee ballot. State law permits early absentee voting only in a few sanctioned cases that the state deems reasonable excuses why a voter can't make it to the polls. Being on vacation, being in the military, or being over the age of 65? All a-OK under state law. Trying to circumvent election law to create your own early voting period? Nuh uh.
Sources: Post and Courier
Charleston schools awarded $23.7 million grant
Charleston County Schools is one of 35 grant recipients selected from a pool of over 120 applicants to receive $23.7 million over three years through a Teacher Incentive Fund grant issued by the US Department of Education.
Sources: WCBD-TV
L.I.F.E. Bar promises to breathe new vibe into Upper King scene
L.I.F.E. Bar, a trendy new Upper King cocktail spot opens this week. Inspired by Scandanavian bars carved from solid ice, L.I.F.E. proprietors, also the owners of Music Farm, say they hope the new space will become a diverse, dynamic gathering place and will be closely tied to companion events at the Ann St. music venue.
Sources: Charleston City Paper
Church of the Redeemer halfway to goal of $1.6M to buy church building
The congregation at the Wentworth St. church is halfway to raising the $1.6 million needed to 'save' its church building from being sold to a private owner who plans on turning it into a personal residence.
Sources: Post and Courier, WCSC-TV, WCBD-TV
Brian Hicks column: "Fed up with school board baloney"
"So Chris Fraser walked out of a Charleston County School Board meeting Monday night.
The question here is: What took him so long?
Fraser's official title is board chairman, but his job is actually ringmaster of the most dysfunctional circus in this state. That's saying something."
Sources: Post and Courier


text:
What is the national average timescale between agreeing to buy a property and exchange of contracts?
Asked on Oct 22 2009, General in Worthing | Report content
Answers (1)
The average timescale between offer and exchange is normally: 4-6 weeks from agreeing the offer to exchange of contracts. If completion dates have been pre agreed this can expidite the process Hope this can help!Answered on Nov 18 2009, Report content
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text:
Gartner: EMEA Server Market Shrinking
The Gartner market research firm attests that the server market in Europe, the Middle East and Asia (EMEA) has shrunk by 9.2% in the fourth quarter of 2008 compared to the same quarter the previous year.
Hewlett-Packard maintained the top position in the server market. The numbers from Gartner show that 705,000 servers were sold in EMEA in the fourth quarter 2008. The resulting revenue of $4.3 million is about 20% lower than the fourth quarter 2007 figure. Gartner had to go back to the second quarter of 2002 to find a drop in units sold. At that time the burst of the dot.com bubble resulted in a 11% reduction.
Errol Rasit, lead analyst at Garner, speaks of equally paltry results for the third quarter 2008. With the second revenue loss following the next quarter, results show how vulnerable the server market is. Not just Europe, but the other two regions in EMEA were affected.
Almost all top server vendors took losses. Only Sun showed increases in their x86 servers, which Gartner attributes to Sun's migration options. However, Sun's x86 servers have no more than a 2% market share.
The biggest losses involved vendors of RISC and Itanium servers, down 24.8%. Gartner also points to a weaker market of high-end UNIX servers.
Issue 205/2017
Buy this issue as a PDF
Linux Kernel 4.14 Released
Torvalds lashes out at a Canonical developer who introduced a regression.
Fedora 27 Is Released
Developers can now access Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer subscriptions on Fedora 27 at no cost.
Samsung to Bring Linux to the Galaxy Phone
Samsung is testing Linux desktop for its DeX experience.
System76 Releases Pop!_OS
An Ubuntu-based operating system designed for professionals.
News and views on the GPU revolution in HPC and Big Data:
HIP: CUDA Integration with ROCm
Exploring AMD's Ambitious ROCm Initiative
Crypto-Currency Mining Drives a Surge in GPU Sales
New Platform for GPU-Enabled HPC and Ultra-Scale Computing
Radeon Instinct: Evolving, Adapting & Learning Evolving, Adapting & Learning
Linux Comes to Windows
Run multiple Linux distributions in Windows 10.
Docker Embraces Kubernetes
Docker is now offering Kubernetes as an orchestration platform.
Kubernetes 1.8 Announced
The new release comes with two new features for better security.
Final Ubuntu Desktop 17.10 Beta Arrives
Ubuntu completes the cycle of life and goes back to letter A and Gnome.
Linus Torvalds Invites Attackers to Join the Kernel Community
He wants attackers to join the community instead of attacking the code.


text:
Recipe Of The Day. Indian Recipes. World Recipes. Healthy Recipes. Chefs Favorite. Top 10 Recipes. Seasonal Recipes. Festival Recipes. Menu Of The Week
Sunday, September 25, 2011
Carrot Cake
Carrot Cake
2 cups all purpose flour
2 teaspoons baking soda
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
2 cups sugar
1 1/4 cups canola oil
4 large eggs
3 cups grated peeled carrots
1 1/4 cups coarsely chopped walnuts
2 tablespoons minced peeled ginger
10 ounces cream cheese (such as Philadelphia), room temperature
5 tablespoons unsalted butter, room temperature
2 1/2 cups powdered sugar
1/4 cup pure maple syrup
12 walnut halves (for garnish)
For cake:
Preheat oven to 350°F. Butter two 9-inch-diameter cake pans. Line bottom of pans with waxed paper. Butter and flour paper; tap out excess flour. Whisk flour, baking soda, salt and cinnamon in medium bowl to blend. Whisk sugar and oil in large bowl until well blended. Whisk in eggs 1 at a time. Add flour mixture and stir until blended. Stir in carrots, walnuts and ginger. Divide batter between prepared pans.
Bake cakes until tester inserted into center comes out clean, about 40 minutes. Cool cakes in pans 15 minutes. Turn out onto racks. Peel off waxed paper; cool cakes completely.
For icing: Using electric mixer, beat cream cheese and butter in large bowl until light and fluffy. Add powdered sugar and beat at low speed until well blended. Beat in maple syrup. Chill until just firm enough to spread, 30 minutes.
Place 1 cake layer on platter. Spread with 3/4 cup icing. Top with second layer. Spread remaining icing over entire cake. Arrange walnut halves around top edge. (Can be made 1 day ahead. Cover with cake dome; chill. Let stand at room temperature 30 minutes before serving.)
Posted by Preetha John at 3:13 AM
Labels: cakes recipe


text: Anybody have any experience with a Tatman 12' Pram? Thinking about looking for a used one or building one to add to the boat collection in the barn. Would appreciate any insight (positive or negative) from you. I have extensive experience with driftboats, rafts and sleds but have not rowed one of these. Appreciate your thoughts.


text:
Cams Trailer (2014)
05 September 2014 Sci-Fi 13 mins
The image pans slowly around a coastal moor, a neighborhood of silent villas and empty streets, a forest path in fading summer light. There are no witnesses to tell the stories of how it all ended. All manifestations of human activity have ceased, giving way to the crackling and bustling of nature. In this world, which at first seems only to reflect a recent emptying, black things move about, as if dying echoes of a cataclysm too terrifying to narrate.
Watch the official Cams 2014 trailer in HD below or find more Cams videos on Vidimovie.


text:
aora, Layanan TV Satelit Berlangganan
aora adalah nama layanan (service brand name) TV satelit berlangganan nasional yang bernaung di bawah PT Karyamegah Adijaya dan berkantor pusat di Jakarta.
Junior Officer Content
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cc to : email@example.com
please visit jobsdb.com


text:
Scott's Auto Center
ReScore Reviews™ (1)
98% Would Recommend
Latest Review about 22 hours ago
Review for Scott's Auto Center
Lisa D. on 11/03/2014
Spoke with Dave. He said they accurately diagnosed the issue with the transmission and it was fatal. They did not charge for the inspection, they were cool about it.
Vehicle: Lexus RX 300
Category: Service
Service Date: 10/31/2014
Review Created: 11/03/2014
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


text:
This is a truly outstanding recipe. We receive so many compliments about this one, from venues telling us how beautifully it cuts to customers who cannot believe that they had so many asking for second helpings. This recipe will make you insanely popular with true cake connoisseurs.
We have even included our secret ingredient and top tips for keeping your fruit cakes moist.
Scaled for different sized tins from a 4 inch (10cm) to a 15 inch (38cm) with cooking times and clear step by step instructions from lining the tin to putting it in the oven.


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text:
Stream new Samsara Blues Experiment
Might catch their live show, Long distance Trip was the jam so I guess I'll check this out
Digging: Mamaleek - Via Dolorosa
dat article title length
Damn good album, obviously not as good as debut though. I might be seein em this Friday!
Good news!
It's an excellent record and one of the psychedelic rock highlights of the year.
Did you ever listen to Farflung? A Wound In Eternity is sooooo good
I haven't but I'll check them out. I'm digging Weird Owl too.
Glad I showed them to you!
Yawning Man are also pretty swee
I know! I've been a Yawning Man fan for some years now. It started in highschool with all the QOTSA/Kyuss madness lol.
What's their second album like? The problem with the first one was that the guitar tone got a bit repetitive :/
The second isn't far from Rock Formations, but it's more polished I think. There are some amazing songs like Blue Foam, Camel Tow or Far-Off Adventure. Still, their best tracks are Rock Formations and Perpetual Oyster IMO (Blue Foam comes close too)
Really enjoying this one. Not far off their first album, I've not heard the second one either yet for some reason.
So Yawning Man are like this then? Not checked them out yet but always assumed they were more like Fatso Jetson.
They aren't similar to Samsara. They are a more gentle version of Fatso Jetson. It's mostly that lush, desert rock sound with occasional heavier riffs (and instrumental only).
Check Rock Formations here - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQ4Xy8VSmvU
Cheers man, will check it later on.
Yawning man is awesome
Listened to the 1st track and it's really good
Perpetual Oyster is mah jayum
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Pants and Trous had invited people over today, oh yes they had. A very intimidating crowd, I might add. There was Gil, Trous' fiancee, which was a normal thing. So was Dave, Pants' boyfriend. And then Dirk, who was apparently Dave's older brother, even though Dirk didn't know about Dave and Pants. It was pretty normal, but… Not for all of them to be here at once.
Upon hearing the doorbell, Trous, who was upstairs trowing on his average jeans and mildly inappropriate shirt, yelled down to Gil to let themselves in. He finished getting ready and proceeded to trip down the stairs, running a hand through his hair haphazardly.


text:
Tomoaki Honma injury update: NJPW Star back on his feet after serious spinal injury
Honma successfully underwent surgery earlier this month and is currently in rehabilitation.
What's the story?
According to 411mania, NJPW star Tomoaki Honma is finally back on his feet after he suffered a serious spinal injury that left him temporarily paralysed for almost a month. Honma successfully underwent surgery earlier this month and is currently in rehabilitation.
Here is a photo of Honma standing on his feet.
Honma back on his feet. pic.twitter.com/lzWvrA6zm7— chris charlton (@reasonjp) April 28, 2017
Honma suffered the injury at the New Japan Road show that took place at the Okinawa Prefectural Budokan.
In case you did not know...
NJPW star Katsuyori Shibata also suffered a fate similar to Honma's. During a recent IWGP championship match, Shibata suffered a subdural hematoma after he landed his signature headbutt on his opponent Kazuchika Okada.
Shibata has been under treatment and is required to undergo another surgery in May.
The heart of the matter
As for Honma, he endured the bruise to his cervical vertebrae back in March during a multi-man tag team match, after receiving a middle-rope DDT from Jado. Honma's foot got caught in the rope, thus changing the course of his landing. After the impact, Honma was unable to speak or move his limbs.
Honma is currently undergoing physical therapy and hopes to return to the ring sometime later this year. Fellow wrestler Ryusuke Taguchi also visited Tomoaki Honma and posted a photograph of the duo together on Twitter.
— ∞∞ (@taguchiryusuke) April 25, 2017
^_^ pic.twitter.com/7ryMmDR1Vo
What's next?
New Japan Pro Wrestling is next scheduled to run a G1 Special event at the Long Beach Arena at the Long Beach Convention & Entertainment Center on July 1st and July 2. The event will be NJPW's first step towards greater expansion in the United States.
Author's take
The news of Honma's recovery comes as a relief to us. Neck and other vertebrae injuries are not something to be taken lightly and Honma shouldn't push himself too hard, and instead, take sufficient time before returning to the ring.
Send us news tips at email@example.com


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Tuesday, May 1, 2012
Wordless Wednesday~ Boxers & Bubbles
Don't forget to enter my Charm It Charm Gift Set Giveaway! Only 7 days left!
38 comments:
haha looks like they're loving it! I bet my mom's hounds would go crazy for them too :)ReplyDelete
I have yet to try those colored bubbles! They do look so pretty!! And your dogs seems to loooove them :))ReplyDelete
nice shots! happy ww :)ReplyDelete
Oh that is so cute. Love watching kids play with bubbles, never really thought about pets.ReplyDelete
Love it! Boxers are such fun!ReplyDelete
That's funny!ReplyDelete
LOL!!! Great shots. Thanks for hosting and have a great week.ReplyDelete
Oh my gosh, thats too funny! =)ReplyDelete
Do they try to catch them? That is funny! Get that on video and send it in AFHV!ReplyDelete
What a fun photo :-)ReplyDelete
Fun! I've been afraid to buy the colored bubbles.ReplyDelete
How fun!! Actually, I love bubbles too :)ReplyDelete
omg my brothers dogs go CRAZY over bubbles!! LoLReplyDelete
Looks like they had a great time! Bubbles are so much fun.ReplyDelete
Thanks for sharing!
Too funny! I just love your doggies :-)ReplyDelete
What fun :) Thanks so much for joining Flock Together this week at Mom's Best Nest !ReplyDelete
It looks like they're having a blast!!!ReplyDelete
Ha ha. Love these. So fun!ReplyDelete
oh my gosh yes! they are horribly messy!!!ReplyDelete
Love your doggies!
Gorgeous doggies!ReplyDelete
Following from the blog hop! Can't wait to catch up on your posts :)ReplyDelete
Following from a blog hop as well! Please follow back at http://iheartpears.blogspot.comReplyDelete
Rocky and Adrian look like they are having a great time! I've got to get some bubbles for Fred and Gloria!ReplyDelete
That's hilarious! I love boxers, they are so goofy and always make me laugh. Great photos!ReplyDelete
Love the pictures!! So cute! I'm a new follower =) Happy WW!ReplyDelete
Adorable! Your fur babies are beautiful! Happy WW!ReplyDelete
It cracks me up when dogs chase bubbles. So funny!ReplyDelete
We have dogs (seven!) and they would love those bubbles! Will have to get me some. Thanks for visiting NanaHood! Please come back soon!ReplyDelete
Blessings to you, Teresa
This is too cute!!ReplyDelete
I just love your dogs!ReplyDelete
Have a great WW!
They look like there having fun,great pictures thanks for hosting :)ReplyDelete
Bubbles are perfect fun for everybody!ReplyDelete
Adorable! I'll have to try entertaining my pups with bubbles, too. ^.^ReplyDelete
-:¦:- Featured Photo: Purple Bearded Iris -:¦:-
That is so cute! And, so are your dogs :) Thanks for hosting! Have a great weekReplyDelete
How fun for the dogs, and I'm sure the dogs are fun for you!ReplyDelete
That would have been fun to watch in person.ReplyDelete
Hahah we got those bubbles once and they were so messy! Your dogs are so cute. My dogs are afraid of bubbles lol.ReplyDelete
Thanks for your comments! I appreciate every one of them :) Except promotional posts with added links. Those will be deleted.


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According to the reports, the video was made before she became a beauty queen, and she had already spent about 1.8 million Naira just so the video won't be released by her blackmailers.
The videos are reportedly more than ten and the blackmailers were bent on milking her dry. Chidinma Okeke is also not the only one they have been blackmailing with the video, there are other girls, according to reports.
Hopefully she gets through this soon.


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Palline da ping pong 1 stella, senza saldatura, colore bianco.
Confezione da 6 palline.
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In order to make our service increasingly efficient please check the conditions of the package upon delivery.
If the parcel is not perfectly healthy, pick it up with reserve: next to the signature in the delivery note, mark clearly "ACCEPTED UNDER RESERVE damaged parcel".
Animasportiva refunds the amount paid with the same method used by the customer for paying (bank transfer, credit card or Paypal) in the least possible amount of time and in any case within 10 days from receipt of the product.
The refund refers to the price of the product or products returned.
It is expressly understood that the expenses incurred to return the product to Animasportiva will have to be paid by the customer.


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Profitable Sports Betting Hockey Prediction Maple Leafs vs Lightning 3-28-16
NHL Starting Goalies 3-28-16 Profitable NHL Picks, Winning NHL Picks and complete analysis for daily hockey betting advice along with direct opinions.
The Maple Leafs come into Tampa Bay after losing at home to the Bruins, but the Lightning are playing after a tough home loss to the Panthers, which ended a three-game winning streak for Tampa Bay. Still, the Lightning has the lead in this series, winning seven of the last nine games against Toronto. While the Leafs have been playing better hockey lately, it could be hard to get past the Lightning's defense, which has been great at home all season long.
The Maple Leafs (27-36-5) have nothing to lose at this point, with no post-season shot for them. However, that can make them a dangerous team when it comes to playing others who do have a playoff shot. They've been playing exceedingly hard and heavy hockey lately, and even though it's a little too late in the season for it, it's clear they want to finish strong and prove something before they head into training for next year. They have struggled on scoring, where they're just 25th in the league, and they'll need to really focus on their puck handling and making shots against a Lightning defense that out-ranks them in almost every way.
The Lightning (47-23-2) are coming in off a loss to the Panthers, who they're in a battle with for the top spot in the Atlantic Division. With their win, the Panthers are now two points ahead of Tampa Bay, who currently sits in the 4th spot for the Eastern Conference. While the Lightning have been consistent in scoring all year, it could be the defense that takes the game for them tonight, where they come in 5th in goals allowed. Ben Bishop will be back in the net for this game, currently 32-23 on the year.
NHL Starting Goalies Tonight 3/28/16
- Toronto Maple Leafs -> Jonathan Bernier (refer here for confirmation)
Jonathan Bernier kicked out 30 of 32 shots in a 3-1 loss to Boston on Saturday. Bernier has allowed two or fewer goals in each of his last five starts. He's rebounded nicely since his very poor start to the 2015-16 campaign. It will be interesting to see which Bernier we get in 2016-17, but as things currently stand, he will likely be a gamble going into that campaign
- Tampa Bay Lightning -> Ben Bishop (refer here for confirmation)
Ben Bishop allowed four goals on 31 shots, but the Lightning still beat the Islanders 7-4.
It wasn't Bishop's best night, but he still did enough to allow the Bolts to win the game. Bishop has now won each of his last three starts. The 29-year-old has a 32-19-4 record with a 2.05 goals-against-average and a .927 save percentage this season.
Profitable Sports Betting Hockey Prediction Maple Leafs vs Lightning 3-28-16
Be sure to sign up for a free two-day trial. All picks are sent VIA email daily. We do not sell email addresses here at Pucking Hockey nor spam you.
Pucking Hockey is a registered trademark company. Pucking Hockey is a registered copyright company. All Rights Reserved.


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XML Gallery
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XML Gallery Hosting Promo
This is an easy to use, customizable and fully scalable XML gallery with scrolling thumbnails and next/previous function. It also has an automatic pan function, if the image shown is larger than the stage. This file allows you to customize every single elements color just by editing a XML document, so there is no need for you to have flash installed and republish the gallery for customization.Visit publisher site: XML Gallery
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The Clarke Youth Football Association will open registration for the fall from 9 a.m. to noon on Saturday at Thomas N. Lay Park in Athens.
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The association caters to children ages 5-12. Early-bird registration -until July 1-costs $50 for the first child and $35 for the second child in the same household. After July 1, the cost is $50 per child.
The CYFA features four age categories: Midgets are ages 5-6, Peewee are ages 7-8, juniors are 9-10 and seniors are ages 11-12.
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November 2017 M T W T F S S « Sep 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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Debbie @ Deb Runs on Off the Beaten Path pursuingtheadventure on Yoga Compliments Work Lif… Vamshi on Mindfulness Debbie @ Deb Runs on Welcome to my blog
Tag Archives: Heart
Dimensions – UNIQUE, SPECIAL, PERFECT!!
Externally we are all different, like a snowflake, flower, blades of grass. Our shapes and sizes vary. These Dimensions are what make you UNIQUE, SPECIAL, PERFECT! Dimension Inside You are also make you UNIQUE, SPECIAL, PERFECT!! Common words and phrases … Continue reading
Posted in Healing, Meditation, Yoga Tagged Breath, Compassionate, Dimensions, Feelings, Healing, Heart, Holding Space, Inner Peace, Journey, Mindfullness, Power of Love Leave a comment
Yoga Is Not Just About the Pose
"Practice and all is coming" Sri K Pattabi Jois Every day I practice yoga, whether on the mat or in the world, I can feel the transformative power of Yoga. "Yoga is not about the pose.." the words from a … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized, YogaRun Tagged Breath, Heart, Meditation, Mindfullness, Yoga Leave a comment


text: Hi all I'm waiting for a replacement MS2 but I don't want to hit the same wall second time around. This is what happened the first time around:- Charged battery Inserted SIM SIM was recognised (Vodafone service provider) Display showed two icons (not identified in instructions or online manual) in place of the standard: Call, toggle, and "blue man" icons. The two icons shown were, on LHS: an unlocked padlock, and on RHS: a camera. Touching either of these two icons sets off a vibrate but no other response Device would not respond properly to a hard reset (on/off+camera), No access to the Recovery Screen (through reset procedure): display black apart from some sort of report (small white font at the top left of screen) Any ideas what may have gone wrong? The only other thing I found was that when I replaced the SIM into my old phone Vodafone had sent several text messages saying they had sent some new settings .... to "take advantage" of the new features!!


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Lo Chlor Sand Filter Cleaner and Degreaser
Formulated to deep cleanse and degrease the sand in your sand filter.
Over sustained periods of use a lot of grime, scale, oils and organic deposits can build up in the sand of a sand filter. This product will break those deposits up and re-new the freshness of your sand.
You simply put 1 litre of filter cleaner in to your filter, leave it for 24 hours and then backwash it out.
It is recommended that sand filters be cleaned once a year.


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Sourdough like gum
I used to be able to make good sourdough bread, recently though whenever I make the dough I will develop the gluten, I can make a windowpane, in a mater of hours the dough turnes into the consistancy of gum it is like the gluten has dissolved. I try baking th bread and it turnes out heavy and dense. this is a regular white flour and water starter. Can anyone give me an idea as to what am I doing wrong?


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We're sorry, this listing is off the market. Try these listings instead:
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- Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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(UPDATE! The owner has now decided to sell the business in its entirety, as the project has become too large for him to handle. The entire company can now be acquired for 20,000,000 baht). This already successful Jewellery Manufacturer is seeking to expand its export operations, and is therefore seeking...
Auto part Manufacturing #220866 posted Jan 26, 2011
- Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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(UPDATE! The owner has reduced the asking price from 230,000,000 baht to 190,000,000 baht, as he is keen to enjoy retirement. He will still retain 10% of the shares however, as believes in the company, and wishes to assist the new owner in ongoing operations, thereby maintaining extremely healthy profits)....
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SPB Sung First Kochadaiyaan Song Release on 7.10.2013
The official date of tamil movie Kochadaiyaan will get release on Rajinikanth's special birthday on 12th december 2013.
Kochadaiyaan is the magnum opus box office movie to be released on Rajinikanth's birthday.
Kochadaiyaan cast crew include Rajinikanth, Sarath Kumar, Shobana, Deepika Padukone, Jackie Shroff & Aadhi in the main role directed by Soundarya R Ashwin.
The Music score is composed by A R Rahman and one of the song track sung by SPB is anticipated to be aired on 07.10.2013.
The spb song of kochadaiyaan is scripted by Vairamuthu and the big budget project Kochadaiyan is predicted to be a special retreat for Rajinikanth's fans while its opening 1st day show 1st show.
The Director of the movie is Soundarya Ashwin Rajinikanth and produced by Sunil Lulla and the Music scored by A. R. Rahman and the Cinematography is Rajiv Menon and the Story Writer is by K S Ravikumar
The makers are scheduling Kochadaiiyaan single song audio on 7th October like the 'Engae Pogudho Vaanam' is sung by S.P. Balasubrahmanyam


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Check out a recap from the Santa Clara, CA stop of the #2016MonsterEnergySupercross by clicking the link in our profile. The #FreewheelersMX crew killed it. #VonZipper #SupportWildLife


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Use this form to register Home Owners Associations, Neighborhood Associations, and Business Associations.
NOTICE: Under Florida law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public records request, do not send electronic mail to the City of Miami Beach.
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Below Dreams Trailer (2014)
18 April 2014 Adventure, Drama, Music 82 mins
Against the backdrop of New York and New Orleans, Elliott, Leanne and Jermaine question their ability to dream amidst a crumbling economic climate. Opening in the streets of downtown Manhattan, Elliott (23), living at home after college, is surrounded by incomplete projects, frustrated and in search of purpose. Simultaneously, in New Orleans, Leanne (26), an aspiring model/actress and single mother of four, struggles to pick up the pieces, presenting at times a clash between family and her ambitious career. Plagued by an unforgiving criminal record, Jermaine (22), a New Orleans native, shifts through his home town for what seems like a hopeless attempt at legal employment. After a series of rejections, he resolves to reinvent himself in hopes of successfully starting anew.
Watch the official Below Dreams 2014 trailer in HD below or find more Below Dreams videos on Vidimovie.


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Black Magic, the first cat I legally "owned," was murdered. Shot in broad daylight, while my back was turned, by a scumbag who might sincerely have mistaken her for a stray who'd become a nuisance lately, but there was no excuse for his trying to blame a neighbor whom some people resent because his disabilities are no longer obvious.
She was following me past scumbag's house. She had always stopped following me, and waited at a spot closer to home, when I told her to wait, in the past. She'd disobeyed because she knew scumbag was dangerous and was trying to warn or protect me.
Although spayed (which I've always regretted), Magic was the most motherly cat I've ever met. She found kittens to adopt.
So, when I was venting to one of the lawyers in the family and he said, "Don't spend the money on a civil suit; buy a nice memorial for that cat," the idea of a memorial to Magic gave me (and another neighbor) ideas. What better memorial to Magic could there be than a Cat Sanctuary! (The other neighbor declared her home a Dog Sanctuary. I heard that scumbag went into a nursing home later in the year.)
Wednesday, July 13, 2011
How the Cat Sanctuary Was Founded
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GraphicRiver Corporate Flyer 1 5714571
Category: Print Template | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Corporate Flyer 1 5714571
Print Template \ Flyers \ Corporate
Orange \ Modern \ Flyer \ Print \ Professional \ Template \ Promotional \ Promo
Print Template - Corporate Flyer 1 5714571 by good_neighbour @ GraphicRiver
Print Template \ Flyers \ Corporate
Graphics Files Included: Photoshop PSD; Layered: Yes; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS4; Print Dimensions: 4x6.
Minimalist 4×6 inch corporate flyer design for your promotional purposes.
PSD print ready, layered and editable file.
Photo is for preview only and isn't included in the download.
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Geometric Style Business Card; Multipurpose Dark Tri-fold Brochure; Purple Minimalist Flyer; Clean Invoice; 2-Piece Professional Resume; Fast Food Flyer 1; Corporate Tri-fold Brochure 1.
Keywords: ad, advertisement, agency, business, clean, company, conference, corporate, event, festival, flyer, modern, orange, print, professional, promo, promotional, template.


text: Taxon DOI 10.1601/tx.14870 Name Caldiserica Mori et al. 2009 Taxonomic Rank phylum Methodology Nomenclatural Taxonomy [1980-2016] Incertae sedis taxa are placed using SOSCC (Garrity and Lilburn 2008) Parent Taxon RecordName Record domainBacteria Woese et al. 1990 Members classCaldisericia Mori et al. 2009 Digital Object Identifier https://doi.org/10.1601/tx.14870 View the complete NamesforLife Abstract Viewing the full Abstract requires login with a valid NamesforLife account and agreement to the NamesforLife Terms of Use. By signing in, I confirm that I have read and agree to the NamesforLife Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. e-mail address password Don't have a NamesforLife account? Create one for free here. Forgot your password?


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Build Guide by Doomtap
This build has been archived and is for historical display only.
PLEASE NOTE: This build has been archived by the author. They are no longer supporting nor updating this build and it may have become outdated. As such, voting and commenting have been disabled and it no longer appears in regular search results.
We recommend you take a look at this author's other builds.
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This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
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Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Twisted Fate Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
First of all the stats aren't showing the effects of the bonus mana from Arch Angels staff and Manamune contributing to AD or AP. You should have over 200 AD and 500 AP. This was just a test build I only used once, and plan to test more.
I put 21 points into the utility tree to get CDR for TF's wild cards. Being able to cast that 2 or 3 times after gating to an enemy can make a lot of difference, especially after getting Lichbane.
For optional items, you could probably replace Zhonya Ring with something more defensive. I would try to make sure that whatever item you get has bonus mana such as Banshees Veil, Inervating locket to stack with Arch Angels and Manamune. Starks fervor is also could if the situation calls for it
For summoner spells, I like to have teleport, So I can abuse my ult and still be able to get to a lane if my ult is on cooldown. Clairvoyance is just a personal preference to cast in enemy territory bushs to help people not get ganked. Especially if I'm playing with randoms.


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Chia Hsin Cement Greater China Holding Corp, the second-largest Hong Kong-listed cement firm, sees growth in prices for the material accelerating in 2007 as Beijing persists in shutting backward, polluting players.
In particular, the cement market in the country's east -- where Chia Hsin is based -- is expected to revive, given the fourth quarter is a traditional peak season, chief executive officer Jason Chang told Reuters on Friday.
"Cement prices should warrant a faster recovery in 2007, when China enters its second year of the 11th-five year economic plan and ahead of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2010 Shanghai World Expo," he said in a telephone interview.
China's fragmented, overcrowded cement industry churns out half of the world's cement. Published under Cement News


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Delivery & Returns
Perfect for out-of-season clothing or extra bedding, cedar lined bottom drawers resist damage from moisture, mold, and bug infestations. The strong wood provides a smooth, snag-free surface to help protect your clothing, eliminating the need for hazardous products like moth balls or chemical sealants. A testament to fine craftsmanship and quality furniture, cedar lined drawers offer protective storage accompanied by pleasant aromatics that help to create a warm atmosphere in any bedroom.
Drawers are constructed with dovetail joinery, ensuring long-lasting strength and storage. Made up of interlocking wedge-shaped elements called pins and tails, the joint connects drawer fronts, sides, and backs, designed to withstand the daily pulling forces you apply when you open a drawer, for problem-free use. A time-tested joint that predates written history, dovetail drawers are a mark of quality furniture construction.
Drawers feature full extension stainless steel ball bearing drawer glides for smooth, reliable drawer function. Low friction steel glides allow you to open and close drawers with ease, and are sturdy enough for heavy or frequent use in your home. These quiet and sturdy full extension glides promise easy access to items and reliable, smooth function that withstands daily use.
The Richmond dresser will supply your master suite with traditional style and a modern amount of storage. Decorated with molding accents and simple hardware, this dresser features nine drawers that are just waiting to be filled. The top right hand facing drawer also includes compartment dividers perfect for keeping jewelry organized. The center drawer of the Richmond dresser is extra deep so there's plenty of space to keep bulky sweaters stored as well. The bottom two drawers are cedar-lined, so they will imbue your favorite clothes with a fresh, clean scent and keep them from mothballing. Handsome on its own, this dresser is even more dazzling with a little extra height and light that is supplied when you add the landscape dresser mirror, also from the Richmond collection.
The Richmond Nine Drawer Dresser by Aspenhome at Belfort Furniture in the Washington DC, Northern Virginia, Maryland and Fairfax VA area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
Rich, warm and sophisticated, the Richmond collection will instantly add a inviting and familiar feel to your home. Offering pieces for your home office, living room, family room, den, dining room and bedroom, Richmond will create a cohesive look that flows effortlessly from one room to the next. Features like thick stepped crown moldings, window pane glass doors, raised panel details, bracket feet, and simple metal hardware maintain a traditional style that is found in each piece of the collection. Understated and beautiful, this collection is also extremely functional and adds great storage opportunities to your home. Built in lighting, power centers with AC and USB functionality, and wire management help keep you neat and organized, and make setting up electronics and computers a breeze. So whether you need a multitasking desk for your home office, or a place to display your TV and all of your electronics and home theater equipment, the Richmond group has a functional and stylish solution for your needs. Gorgeous details and thoughtful design come together to offer you the best of both worlds so that you can create the warm and inviting atmosphere in your home that you and your family deserve.
The Richmond collection is a great option if you are looking for Traditional furniture in the Washington DC, Northern Virginia, Maryland and Fairfax VA area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
Browse other items in the Richmond collection from Belfort Furniture in the Washington DC, Northern Virginia, Maryland and Fairfax VA area.
This item has been tagged as: Dresser, Bedroom Dresser, Dresser Chest, Chest of Drawers, Dresser Set, Dresser and Mirror, Bedroom Furniture, Bedroom Storage, Bureau, Clothing Storage, Linen Storage, Bedroom Cabinet, Chiffonier, Bedroom Closet, Highboy, Wardrobe, Vanity, Vanity with Hutch, Make - Up Table, Make Up Table with Hutch, Dresser to Sit At, Vanity Dressers, Large Commode
Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.


text: I don't get it. I clearly made it known I was an Iowa State fan, and I was involved in a discussion about Nebraska and Iowa. Even though I might get **** here by admitting this, I was very complementary of Iowa, and was bashing NU...HARD. I was just about to respond to another snide comment made by some d-bag, and I couldn't post. Again, I don't get it, but guess I really don't care. Just wondering if someone is shut down here, are they told why??


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
54.60 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The Old Waverley Hotel Edinburgh is offering 85 comfortable rooms to guests looking for accommodation in Edinburgh. If you feel like having a meal not included in your chosen type of catering, you can always taste local dishes in the restaurant of the hotel. The bar can be an ideal place for a pleasant evening talk or a meeting. You can browse the Internet via wireless connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. The exact list of services available at The Old Waverley Hotel Edinburgh (including those for an extra fee) and the exact list of equipment in a room can be found on the information sheet below.
Payment Credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment may be necessary for finalizing your reservation, depending on the exact room, date and price.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in at the hotel is 14:00, the latest time to check out is 11:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak in English with you.
The Old Waverley Hotel Edinburgh rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Bar, Elevator
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room, Tea/coffee-maker


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Prerecorded from 04/06/2012
Tonight, Blueotter, an alumnus of Up With People! shared a little bit of what makes him "tick..." some of his life experiences and background--what brought him to The Red Road or what the Cherokee call "The White Path."
UFOs, dreams, and vision quests, were discussed between playing songs related to personal spiritual experiences, natural disasters, etc...
Featuring the music and spoken word from the movie Billy Jack.
Music from Hoxt Axton, Marvin Gaye, Paul Revere and the Raiders, Wes Studi.
...and a new version of City of New Orleans recorded by Will Blueotter!
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