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The dbx 266XL is the affordable compression and gating solution with a world-class heritage.
Most compressor/gates provide less than musical compression, coupled with gating that swallows transients-or closes early, cutting off decay and reverb tails. The superb engineering in the 266XL ensures that both its compression and gating provide versatility and excellent sonic performance in situations where other compressor/gates typically produce undesirable processing artifacts.
When using the 266XL's AutoDynamic Attack and Release controls, artists and engineers will find that the center settings deliver classic dbx compression, while the full control range produces voicings that extend from slow leveling to aggressive peak limiting.
The Auto Dynamic circuitry continuously adjusts the actual attack and release times to optimally match the program material. Since users aren't restricted to using the Attack and Release controls only in peak operation, they can tailor the response of the 266XL for individual tracks, mixed program material, special effects or system protection. As a result, production studios can use the versatile 266XL to replace multiple single-purpose limiters while sound reinforcement users can standardize on the 266XL for all of their applications.
The 266XL's advanced gate circuitry uses a completely program-dependent timing algorithm to produce ultra-smooth release characteristics-even with complex signals, such as voice or reverb decays. dbx engineers went on to take advantage of the wide dynamic range and high precision of the dbx VCA to design in an extra-wide threshold range and ensure top gating performance for each application.
Separate precision LED displays for gain reduction, compression threshold and gate threshold allow quick, accurate setup, while the 266XL's intuitive operation lets users easily smooth uneven levels, add sustain to guitars, squash drums or tighten up mixes. In Stereo couple mode, the Channel 1 controls become Master controls, and Channel 2 follows precisely to ensure a rock solid stereo image-even with high amounts of compression. Professionals and newcomers will find that the 266XL sets up rapidly and musically the first time it is used, and every time thereafter.
Designed and manufactured in the USA, the dbx 266XL processor is the result of an intensive engineering and product development effort aimed at taking advantage of the latest and best advances in manufacturing technology to deliver true dbx audio performance and reliability to our customers at the lowest possible cost. The 266XL puts a completely new level of compressor/gate performance within everyone's reach.
DBX 266XL Dual Compressor Gate Features
What started as a simple string and pedal sales catalog has grown exponentially over the past thirty years. The early days were a time where catalogs didn't have much of a presence in the industry, but what began as a college dorm room operation grew rapidly. In 1986 we moved to a full product offering and 64-page catalog, which over the years has grown to 162 pages. Join the AMS family and get your free catalog now!
Copyright © 1996-2017 American Musical Supply, Inc. All rights reserved. American Musical Supply reserves the right to correct pricing and/or product specifications in the event of typographical errors found in our print catalog or on our website. If a product is listed at an incorrect price due to such errors or because of inaccurate information received from a supplier, American Musical Supply shall have the right to refuse or cancel any orders placed, whether or not the order has been confirmed and your credit card charged. If your credit card has already been charged for the purchase and your order is canceled, American Musical Supply will issue a credit to your credit card account in the amount of the charge.


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No. 24 Ohio State holds off Purdue 63-61
Credit: The Associated Press
Credit: The Associated Press
INDIANAPOLIS — Purdue coach Matt Painter appreciated his team's effort Thursday.
He still didn't like the numbers on the box score — or the scoreboard.
Aaron Craft and LaQuinton Ross combined to score nine points in a late 12-4 run that gave No. 24 Ohio State control and the Buckeyes held on for a 63-61 win — only after Terone Johnson's buzzer-beating 3-pointer came up short in the first round of the Big Ten tournament.
Painter was convinced the Boilermakers had nobody to blame but themselves.
|The article you requested is no longer available on BostonHerald.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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(253) 874-3333
A & B Home Care & Staffing Inc
16 years in business32700 Pacific Hwy S Ste 14
Federal Way, WA 98003-6446
Fax Numbers
- (253) 874-6663
- (877) 533-6663
Additional Phone Numbers
- (253) 274-0044
- (888) 535-0044
- (888) 535-0044
Additional Email Addresses
- email@example.com
Find a Location
BBB File Opened: 02/05/2007
Business Started: 01/01/2001
Business Started Locally: 01/01/2001
Business Incorporated: 12/05/2000 in WA
Type of EntityCorporation
Business Management
- Mr. Dan Bamidele, President
Business Category
- Home Health Care
- Employment Contractors
Alternate Business Names
- A&B Homecare & Staffing Inc
Licensing, Bonding or RegistrationThis business is in an industry that may require professional licensing, bonding or registration. BBB encourages you to check with the appropriate agency to be certain any requirements are currently being met.
Methods of Payment
- Accepts Private pay, Long Term Care Insurance, Trust and Guardianships, Workers' Compensation, (L&I), Veterans' Benefits, and any other forms of private pay.
Refund & Exchange Policy:Free in-home assessment for all New Private Clients.
This company offers home care and elder home care staffing services and children with disabilities through DDD and DSHS COPES. Also accepts Private clients. Also accepts Long Term Care Insurance, Trust and Guardianships, Workers' Compensation, Veterans' Benefits and other forms of private Pay. Homecare services include bathing, dressing, housekeeping, laundry, Meal preparation, running errands and transporting clients to medical appointments. A&B Homecare also provides 24/7 home care services and Live-in care.
BBB Reason for Ratings
Licensing information is provided in the BBB Business Profiles to inform the public about industries that may require professional licensing, bonding, or registration. Better Business Bureau encourages you to check with the appropriate agency to be certain any requirements are currently being met.
Advertising Review
BBB promotes truth in advertising by contacting advertisers whose claims conflict with the BBB Code of Advertising. These claims come to our attention from our internal review of advertising, consumer complaints and competitor challenges. BBB asks advertisers to substantiate their claims, change ads to make offers more clear to consumers, and remove misleading or deceptive statements.
Government Actions
BBB reports on known significant government actions involving the business's marketplace conduct.
Out of Business
BBB reports on a company that is out of business for one year from the date the company closes its doors or ceases to do business.
Misuse of Better Business Bureau Name/Logo
BBB reports on unauthorized use of the Better Business Bureau's name and/or logo for as long as the business continues to use it in any advertising, or for one year after the business ceases any repeated unauthorized uses.
BBB reports on a business's bankruptcy as long as the business remains in bankruptcy.
Mail Returned
BBB reports when mail sent to the business was returned by the Postal Service.


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Find Reliable Home Builders
Find the professional home builders for your new construction at S and S Homes. Our builders at S and S Homes build your homes as per your need within your budget. please log on to our website http://www.sshomes.net/
|Target State: California
Target City : All Cities
Last Update : Dec 29, 2016
Number of Views: 62
|Item Owner : roberrtdixo
Contact Email:
Contact Phone: 8054811083
|Friendly reminder: Click here to read some tips.


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Walmart Retail store Locator: Comfort at your Fingertips
Walmart can be an American community multinational corporation beforehand branded as Wal-Mart. As considered one of the largest price reduction departmental suppliers and warehouse stores in the united states, Walmart is frequented by shoppers in the usa and all around the world. As outlined by Forbes Worldwide 2000, Walmart was also the world's largest general public company by income in 2000. Founded in 1962 by Sam Walton, Walmart has arrive an extended way these days. It has achieved terrific results and it now has eight,500 outlets in 15 unique nations around the world, with fifty five unique names walmart near me.
We are all familiar with Walmart's tag phrase, 'Save funds, dwell greater,' and lots of of us love shopping at Walmart on account of the cost-effective costs. However, we'd not be acquainted with the various spots of Walmart retailers. There will undoubtedly be occasions during our travels after we have to have a home product or service urgently. What can we do then? How can we find the closest Walmart keep in predicaments like that?
In order to seek for a keep, you can connect with 1-800-WAL-MART (1-800-925-6278). This is certainly a fairly easy Walmart keep locator technique you should use in order to uncover your closest Walmart keep. Aside from that, you are able to also effortlessly track down a store employing a operate about the Walmart web page at Walmart.com. All you'll want to do is click on the 'store finder' tab, and you'll be resulted in a research website page. You might be prompted to critical inside the town, point out, and zip code of the shop you're looking for while in the respective areas.
The Walmart retailer locator incorporates a special filter which allows you to find providers you need at your Walmart keep. This is a fantastic concept. Expert services it is possible to select include pharmacy, eyesight center, professional medical clinics, tire and lube products and services, backyard garden middle, photograph center, McDonald's, and a lot more. Within the Walmart finder webpage, you happen to be also permitted the pliability to look for Walmart retailers within a distance determined by you, and also you may also pick the kind of retail outlet you will be in search of, be it a Walmart supercenter or maybe a neighbourhood market place.
One example is, should you are only prepared to vacation 2km on foot to the Wal-mart which sells breakfast, it is possible to tick 'McDonald's,' then important in '2km.' The finder will find shops that fall beneath that category and listing them out to suit your needs. This Walmart locator operate is extremely easy because it allows you to definitely ascertain the exact companies you will need for the store you are trying to find. When you eventually make a vacation on the shop, you can be certain you will see what you want.


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Promotional VIDEO service for web, TV
Nowadays promotional video marketing is critical for any kind of business either small or big. TV commercial videos or Online video marketing, testimonials, product videos, infomercial videos, Youtube videos production or website promotional video are the greatest tools for the market purpose: brand awareness, sales driving, detailed product explanation or promotion announcements.
According to statistic marketing videos are the most popular communication tool. Well-made commercial video or video testimonials will bring you new customers, increase time spent on your website, build the trustful and strong relationship between you and your customer.
AD.JUST Video Production is one of the Orlando and Los Angeles Video Production companies with a special passion for promotional video production. We would love to draw your attention to our vast experience in producing TV commercial videos and web promotional videos for top accounts such as PepsiCo, Nike, Skoda, Mars, Marriott, Lego etc. We brought our creativity and high-quality standards into the local market of commercial video production in Orlando and Los Angeles.
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ONE DAY IN ORLANDO for Hotels.com
"URMOSI" Fully-customizable ATV throttle
5Th Element restoration company, Tampa
Mix Cala, puddle boards commercial video, Daytona
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Doritos 30' TV commercial
CORPORATE VIDEO Production, Los Angeles, orlando
AD.JUST Video production offers corporate video production services in Los Angeles and Orlando areas. The best solution to highlight and present your facility's benefits is the corporate video production. Video guides, cabin tours, video reviews give your customer a great opportunity to get the detailed and realistic image of your product or services.
We can help you to define the best idea and approach and select the most suitable style for your corporative video to produce, no matter if it's a bag manufacture factory or just a small start-up business.
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Please, check out our on-going commercial video packages by clicking the button below or contact us by phone 239 (249-9339) or email email@example.com


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Over the years a number of methods have been used to convince women to buy a range of skin-care ccosmetics, rather than stick to one that was all-purpose. One of the earliest marketing techniques used by cosmetic companies was to suggest that a cream applied during the day needed be different to one used at night.
The idea of applying a skin cream overnight is an old one, in part based on the erroneous idea that the skin is more capable of repairing itself during the night than during the day.
Every woman who is wise will pay attention to the needs of her complexion at bed-time, because the night is the period when Nature is most able to repair the ravages of time and circumstance.
Applying a cream in the morning, to protect the skin from exposure to the elements when venturing out, made sense and if a cream helped repair the skin then applying it more than once also seemed reasonable. The most convenient time for women to do this was during their morning and evening ablutions.
Leaving aside those special skin preparations recommended by early 'complexionists' for blackheads, pimples and other skin blemishes, the commonest skin cream used in late nineteenth and early twentieth century morning and evening skin-care routines was cold cream.
Rough skins, from exposure to the wind in riding, rowing, or yachting, trouble many ladies, who will be glad to know that an application of cold cream or glycerine at night, washed off with fine carbolic soap in the morning, will render them presentable at the breakfast-table, without looking like women who follow the hounds, blowzy and burned. The simplest way to obviate the bad effects of too free sun and wind, which are apt on occasion to revenge themselves for the neglect too often shown them by the fair sex, is to rub the face, throat, and arms well with cold cream or pure almond-oil before going out.
The dominance of cold creams was challenged by the introduction of stearate or vanishing creams. These first appeared in the 1890s and by 1920 had became widely available.
Of all the skin creams which have been introduced during the past few years, the foremost place is undoubtedly taken by those which are variously described as Day Creams, Snows, Foams and Vanishing Creams.
As more cosmetic companies began to add a vanishing cream to their skin-care range, differences in the way the two creams were used gradually became established. Cold creams were generally employed either as a cleanser at night or to carry out a facial massage, while vanishing creams were usually applied as a skin protectant during the day and as a base for face powder.
For cleansing and massaging a cold or grease cream is a necessity.
… Pond's Cold Cream is made of the purest ingredients, especially chosen for their softening and cleansing values. It has an oil base and is intended for night use.
… Pond's Vanishing Cream was especially formulated to afford a constant protection and refining influence on the skin. It is quickly absorbed by the skin, and forms a fine invisible covering.
See also: Cold Creams and Vanishing Creams
In the early twentieth century – when the cosmetic market was a lot simpler than it is today – some cosmetic companies had only two creams in their skin-care range – a cold cream and a vanishing cream – and distinguished between them by calling their vanishing cream a 'day' cream and their cold cream a 'night' cream.
This simple distinction between cold/night creams and day/vanishing creams was quickly muddied as the skin-care market became more sophisticated. In the 1920s, cosmetic companies were increasingly forced to make provision for skin types – a concept developed by Beauty Culture and proselytised by salon-based firms like Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein and Dorothy Gray – and this affected how they promoted their skin creams. A good case in point can be seen by looking at the skin-care range of the Pompeian Manufacturing Company.
Pompeian was established with a single product, Pompeian Massage Cream. When the company introduced a cold cream in 1915, it badged it as a night cream and then called its new vanishing cream, introduced in 1917, a day cream. This meant that by 1920 Pompeian customers could massage their face with Pompeian Massage Cream, cleanse their skin with Pompeian Night Cream, and protect their skin and hold powder on their face during the day with Pompeian Day Cream.
In the 1920s, when the company made allowances for 'dry' and 'oily' skin types, Pompeian recommended that women with dry skin use Pompeian Night Cream during the day, making the distinction between night and day rather meaningless.
Pompeian Night Cream can be your best servant during the winter. Use it for cleansing—not only your face and neck, but your hands and your shoulders too, for the skin on these parts suffers the same dryness as your face, and feels the cold and severity of the soap and water bath more severely during cold weather than at any other season. It will soften it and make it more pliable.
As a powder base. A dry skin should not use a day or vanishing cream, as this kind of cream is best for an oily skin; use Pompeian Night Cream as your powder base. Apply it lightly over your cleansed skin, wipe off after it has been well distributed, and you will find it a delightful foundation for your powder. …
Pompeian Day Cream should be used every time you cleanse your face, every time you go out of doors, every time you apply your powder. If you have a jar in a convenient place it becomes a habit to use a bit of this delightful, fluffy cream every time you sit at your dressing table.
There is a slight astringent quality in this vanishing Day Cream that makes it "firm up" the little loose surface muscles in your face, and that gives your skin a smoother appearance. Pompeian Day Cream is an incomparable base for your Pompeian Beauty Powder. It forms an adhesive foundation for your powder.
Pompeian Night Cream should be used to cleanse an oily skin. It softens the natural oily secretions and dissolves their unhealthy accumulation. Use it before or after your bath—it cleanses in a way that soap and water cannot. Remove with a soft cloth and finish with an ice rub or very cold water.
See also: Pompeian Manufacturing Company
When you take skin types and other skin differences into account you can see why the larger salon-based companies – with their extensive skin-care ranges – rarely, if ever, used the words 'day' or 'night' in their product names and why the practice of naming skin-creams as day creams or night creams largely fell out of favour. Functional names such as Skin Food, Tissue Cream, Sports Cream, Dry Skin Cream, Foundation Cream and Vitamin Cream were easier to promote.
The original cold creams were generally water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions whereas vanishing creams were of the oil-in-water (O/W) type. This meant that night creams and day creams were at first chemically quite distinct. However, water-in-oil formulations were also made for use during the day. Popular in warmer climates, as they did easily dry out in their containers, they were also used to make skin creams for clients with dry skin and were used as the base for skin creams with ingredients more soluble in oil, such as hormones. Creams used during the day therefore moved away from only using stearate, vanishing cream formulas and became more chemically diverse.
Similarly, although early night creams were generally made using a water-in-oil emulsion – a common way to make a good emollient cream – many night creams were soon being made as oil-in-water emulsions so that they felt less greasy. Additional 'regenerating' ingredients were usually added to night creams to aid in skin repair – such as lanolin, hormones and vitamins – but these were also incorporated into creams used during the day.
As night creams were generally viewed as better able to repair the skin, they were 'richer' but, as any cosmetic chemist will tell you, a feeling of 'richness' can be generated by thickening the cream, something easily done by increasing its wax content or adjusting the types of fats and oils used. This idea was not universal and night lotions were also found in some skin-care ranges.
Although chemical sunscreens were first used in skin creams in the late 1920s, at first they were only found in sun lotions, sunburn and suntan creams. Later they were incorporated into a wide variety of skin creams and lotions to provide everyday protection from ultra-violet (UV) radiation; a major chemical difference between a cream applied during the day and one that is left on overnight. In modern skin-care cosmetics, sunscreens have become more important as their inclusion allows cosmetic companies to make an anti-ageing claim for their products.
A number of cosmetic companies are currently marketing some of their skin creams with night or day in the title and there seems to have been a major resurgence in the use of these terms in labels. Many of the old functional distinctions between these two skin-care lines are still used in advertising – night creams revive and repair, while day creams protect and prevent – but there is no set rule. Although companies generally formulate their night creams to appear 'richer' both creams are often said to moisturise and regenerate and lotion formulations are common. Surprisingly, some current day skin-care cosmetics do not include a sunscreen, the only real justification – except for special skin problems – for not using an all-purpose cream day and night.
Update: 7th February 2017
Browning, H. E. (1898). Beauty culture. London: Hutchinson & Co.
How to attain and retain beauty. (1935). London: Hazell, Watson & Viney.
Peiss, K. (2007). Hope in a jar: The making of America's beauty culture. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Poucher, W. A. (1926). Eve's beauty secrets. London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.
The ugly girl papers; or hints on the toilet. (1874). New York: Harper & Brothers.
Wells, F. V., & Lubowe, I. I. (1964). Cosmetics and the skin. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation.


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The rising price of river sand over the past two weeks and the threat of severe shortage in Chennai and its neighbourhood is likely to stabilise in a few days.
The Water Resources Department (WRD) will open ten sand quarries in various places to meet the growing demand.
Following the disposal of sand seized from unlicensed stock yards in Madurantakam two weeks ago, the demand for sand in the city has gone up. The price too has gone up from Rs. 50 per cubic foot to Rs. 60-65 per cubic foot owing to the shortage. According to builders and sand lorry owners, only about 2,000 loads of sand is available every day against the demand of 7,000 loads.
This has slowed down many construction projects across the city.
In a bid to control the escalating sand cost, the WRD will open sand quarries in Tiruvallur, Villupuram and Cuddalore by this weekend.
Officials of the WRD said two quarries would be ready in Tiruvallur and four more would come up in Cuddalore and Villupuram districts. At present, the sand requirement of city and its neighbourhood is being met by two quarries in Perungalmedu and Tirumalaicheri in the Arcot region. This is not adequate, say officials.
"We want to bring down the cost of a load of sand of 200 cubic feet to Rs. 7,000-Rs. 8,000. We expect more quarries to cut down the delay in the commodity reaching the consumers," said an official. Until the ban on sand mining in riverbeds is relaxed in Kancheepuram district, quarries could not be opened there, he added.
Sand lorry owners said that as sand loads sourced from Arcot were insufficient to meet the city's demand, they travel up to Tiruchi and Thanjavur. "PWD sells the sand for Rs. 800 per load. But we have to take loads from the stockyards of the private contractors. We pay Rs. 3,000- Rs. 4,000 per load and wait for 4-5 days to get a load. We don't have a choice but to transfer the burden on consumers due to mounting expenditure," said S. Yuvaraj, president of Tamil Nadu State Sand Lorry Owners Federation.
Members of the Federation recalled that sand was being supplied from 16 quarries in the Chennai region about two years ago.
"PWD must initiate direct selling of sand to regulate the prices and open quarries soon. We plan to protest on March 7 in Kancheepuram to press these demands," said Mr. Yuvaraj.


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- select colour
it's an internet thing!
it's an internet thing!
12:39 28 October 2013
Twitter is following the footsteps of Facebook and is going public. To avoid the problems that traders encountered when Facebook went public in May, a test run, where traders have simulated buying and selling shares of Twitter, was conducted. According to NYSE (New York Stock Exchange), the trial run was a success.
Trading is expected to begin in early November.
In a statement, a spokeswoman for the exchange said: "This morning's systems test was successful, and we're grateful to all the firms that chose to participate.
"We're being very methodical in our planning for Twitter's IPO [initial public offering], and are working together with the industry to ensure a world-class experience for Twitter, retail investors and all market participants."
Twitter revealed last week that it planned to sell 70 million shares for $17-$20 in order to raise $1.4billion.
Based on IPO documents, the micro-blogging site has 218 million monthly users and 500 million tweets are sent a day. However, Twitter hasn't made a profit yet. In fact, it lost $69million in the first six months of 2013, on revenues of $254million.
Disclaimer: Supanet is not responsible for, and disclaims any and all liability for the content of comments written by contributors to this website


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Kelly and Tom planned a beautifully meaningful wedding in Ravello, Italy, complete with a chic exit on a Vespa! They chose a subdued palette of blues and whites and peppered the day with many thoughtful details and enjoyed a quiet walk through Villa Cimbrone after their nuptials. / Photos by Rochelle Cheever Photography.
In memory of Kelly's father, Tom donned one of his favorite watches. The couple included a trinket box holding the wedding rings given to Kelly by her grandmother as their 'something old.'
Jane Austen's novel, Pride and Prejudice, is one of Kelly's favorites so she paid homage by decorating the strings on three balloons with heart-shaped cutouts from the book.
Credits: Photographer: Rochelle Cheever Photography / Event Planner: Distinctive Italy Weddings / Reception Venue: Hotel Caruso / Dress Designer: Jenny Packham Bridal / Other: Bonbon Balloons / Shoes: Paul Smith / Shoes: Manolo Blahnik / Jewelry: Beards Jewellers / Tuxedo and Mens Attire: Alexander McQueen / Veils and headpieces: Cotswold Bride / Veils and headpieces: Estrella Designs


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Taktsang Monastery (Tiger's Nest)
Paro Travel Blog› entry 4 of 13 › view all entries
Taktsang Monastery (also called Tiger's Nest) is the most famous and picturesque monastery in Bhutan. Perched precariously to a sheer granite cliff 1000m above the Paro valley, this dramatic and artistically structured monastery creates an impressive sight and is the unofficial symbol of Bhutan.
I was captivated right away when I first saw pictures of this magnificent Buddhist relic hanging from the cliff and knew it was a definite inclusion in the trip itinerary.
The name Taktsang means "Tiger's nest". It was established as a sacred place for meditation by Guru Rinpoche who, according to the legend, flew over the Himalaya from Tibet in the 8th century on the back of a tigress and visited the site on his second visit to Bhutan.
From the parking lot and the base of the hill, the monastery looked rather near but the ascent took us three hours. It was a continuous uphill hike. There were a few viewpoints along the way where one could get a better view of the monastery. Every viewpoint was like a motivation to complete the hike to reach the monastery. At about halfway up the hill, there was a cafe located on the ridge across from the Taktsang which provided a welcomed opportunity to take a rest and to buy some snacks.
From the second viewpoint, one could get a great view of Taktsang and it looked already pretty near. But it was actually still some distance away. The last part of the trail was a descent of about a 100m on one side of the cliff and then ascending up to the monastery on another side of the cliff.
What one saw at the entrance of the monastery was not what one would normally expect to see! A few Bhutanese army soldiers stood guard at the entrance to register the visitors and to ensure that no bag or camera was brought into the sacred monastery.


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Theft Charges Dismissed in DuPage County
By: Legal Defenders | Apr 9, 2015 | Recent Victories |
My client was facing serious Theft charges in DuPage County. The prosecutor was alleging that my client, while employed at a bank, moved money from one bank account from a customer he was related to into another account that he had control over and withdrew the money without the permission of the family friend. The state claimed that he stole about $3,000 from the friend's bank account. The state was unwilling to negotiate a deal so the case was set for trial and the state had to dismiss the charges against my client when they realized they did not have the evidence needed to prove that my client was guilty of the Theft. My client has since started his own thriving business in Schaumburg. A conviction for a Theft would have made it impossible for him to start his own business. I am glad that I was able to save my client from a life changing event.
If you are facing Theft charges in Cook County, DuPage County, Lake County or Kane County, give us a call. We Can Help.


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|Browse our course catalog by clicking the '+' and '-' symbols next to the items in the tree below.
The CBT Courses Catalog
We offer an Annual Subscription Feature. Pay only $54.95 for an entire year of unlimited CE Courses and CEUs.
To View the List of CBT Courses, Click HERE.
Two of our CBT courses - Course 4J and Course 5H - are two of our most popular courses, earning 4 and 5 Clock Hours of CE credit (CEUs and PDHs) respectively. Our newest CBT courses are Courses 5K and 5L - focusing upon helping Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans recover from Battlefield Trauma.
These are 'Quiz Only' courses which means that you can read and print both the course materials AND the quizzes for FREE before you decide to enroll in the course - paying only if you decide to take the quiz to receive a downloadable certificate. And please note - if you purchase an Annual Subscription for unlimited CEUs, you pay NOTHING to enroll in these courses or to take the quizzes to earn certificates.
These courses are appropriate for Counselors, Social Workers, Marriage and Family Therapists, Addiction Alcohol and Drug Counselors, and other behavioral health providers.
The benefit of this course is to be able to recognize problem drinking early on, and its role in DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, INFIDELITY, FINANCIAL INSECURITY, THREATENED DIVORCE, and other major conflicts between intimate partners.
This open-access study material presents a clear, structured approach to ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT of such alcohol-related issues within relationships and families - including multiple standardized and empirically validated ASSESSMENT FORMS which may be printed on your computer for personal use.
NOTE: If you wish, you can access a free PARTICIPANT (CLIENT) WORKBOOK that supplements the Course 4J study materials, which is published in ENGLISH, SPANISH, and KOREAN. You will find links to these alternative language publications after you open the course description for Course 4J and drop down to the little + sign to open the expanded course description. There you will find the URLs for the FREE Client Manuals published in all three languages.
Courses 5K and 5L are are training manuals for use in working with active military Service Members and veterans who have been re-deployed to home from the battlefield with significant Stress Injuries - PTSD, Alcohol and Drug Problems, Depression, and Traumatic Brain Injury. A CBT approach of helping the individual find his own path to peace and the quieting of stress-related chemicals is emphasized.
All content on this site is Copyright (c) 2006-2017 by Pendragon Associates and/or CEU by Net


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Baggies snap up keeper
By James Pearson
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
The 34-year-old, formerly of Scottish Premier League outfit St Johnstone, has joined until the end of the season to provide cover for Russell Hoult and Joe Murphy.
Miotto, who has also featured for Scunthorpe and Hartlepool, has been looking for a club since last May after initially joining The Saints from Raith Rovers, whom he joined in 2001.
It will be the second time the Australian-born keeper has played for Gary Megson after the pair worked together while the Baggies boss was at Blackpool.
With West Brom looking good for automatic promotion back to the top flight, Megson wants to have all avenues covered should either Hoult or Murphy sustain an injury.


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We're pleased to announce the launch of a completely updated ChildbirthConnection.org – our online hub for evidence-based information on childbirth and maternity care.
Cesarean Awareness Month has been an important opportunity to raise awareness about the high cesarean section rate in the United States.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 15, 1998
|Filing date
|Sep 16, 1997
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 1993
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Robert Evan Myer
|Original Assignee
|Lucent Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (79), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/085,090 filed Jun. 30, 1993, now abandoned.
This invention relates to systems, and components, therefor, in which a transmitter of electromagnetic waves is used in common with a plurality of data providing devices to individually control these devices by way of a wireless coupling thereto so as to selectively cause each of these devices to perform one or more data-related functions.
In a short article (in the nature of a column under the heading "Designer's Corner,") entitled "24,000 shirts/hour|," and appearing in the Feb. 1, 1993 issue of the periodical Design News, there is disclosed an arrangement in which transponder devices are attached to shirt collars and pant waistbands and contain all routing data for the corresponding garments. "Handheld or stationary reading units `interrogate` the 64 IDS via bursts of RF energy". A drawing of one such transponder device shows that it comprises a tube and, within the tube, a capacitor, an IC package and an antenna. The rather brief disclosure in the mentioned article, suggests that the transponder device stores as data a particular number which identifies the garment to which the device is attached, and the "hand held or stationary reading units" interrogate each device by transmitting to it bursts of microwaves which provide it with enough power to operate and cause it to read out and transmit by microwaves back to the unit the number stored in that device.
In that arrangement, it appears that the manner of use of a particular reading unit is that the garments to be routed thereby are brought, one at a time, into close proximity with the unit at a particular location relative thereto, and the unit is then energized to transmit to each garment the electromagnetic waves which power and control the transponder attached thereto. In these circumstances, microwaves are well adapted to supply power and signals to the transponder device because it is only a short distance away from the microwave transmitter, and because the microwaves can be focused into a high energy beam directed onto the device. Where, however, the data-providing devices are distributed throughout a room and cannot be brought one at a time to the transmitter, the use of electromagnetic waves of microwave length to operate the devices would be accompanied by the disadvantage that, because microwaves tend to be directive and be subject to reflections in the room so as to interfere with each other and produce standing waves, the distribution of the field strength in the room of the microwaves will be uneven and have null regions therein, i.e., regions of such low field strength that devices located in these regions do not respond to interrogation from the transmitter. Another disadvantage is that circuit components and devices designed for use at microwave frequencies are expensive.
These and other disadvantages are overcome according to the invention by providing improved methods and apparatus which are characterized by one or both of the following improvements. First, in furnishing power and signals from the transmitter by wireless coupling to data-providing devices at a common site with the transmitter, such as in a room containing both the electromagnetic waves which are of such low frequency that there are no approximate nulls in the field strength of the waves at the location of the devices. Second, the devices incorporate low frequency circuit components to thereby greatly reduce the cost of those devices as compared to what it would be if the components were required to operate at microwave frequencies.
For a better understanding of the invention, reference is made to the following description of an exemplary embodiment thereof and to the accompanying drawings wherein.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view, partly broken-away, of a building incorporating a room in which goods are sold at prices indicated by wireless controlled price label devices which are parts of an indoor transceiver system according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view in cross-section of the FIG. 1 building, the cross-section being taken in a horizontal plane located vertically above any doors and windows for the room shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an isometric geometric diagram showing a broken-away part of the floor of the FIG. 1 room, and a region of space in the room above that part of the floor;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of one of the FIG. 1 devices when rotated to a vertical position from its horizontal position shown in FIGS. 1 and 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of electrical aspects of the FIG. 1 transceiver system used in connection with the FIG. 1 room;
FIG. 6 is a view, partly in schematic diagram and partly in block diagram of the circuitry and other electrical features of the FIG. 4 device;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the first power supply stage and of the power regulator stage of the FIG. 6 circuitry; and
FIG. 8 constitutes three wave form diagrams relating to Manchester encoding used in conjunction with the FIG. 5 system.
In connection with the description which follows, elements which are counterparts will be designated by the same reference numerals while being differentiated by different letter suffixes for these reference numerals, and it is to be understood that a description of any of such elements shall, unless its context otherwise indicates, be taken as equally applicable to any counterparts of that element. Also the term "lead" as used herein includes in its meaning a bus or multiple conductors or other means for conveying multiple signals in a manner whereby they are separable from each other.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the reference numeral 20 designates a building or other structure enclosing a room 25 by a floor 26, overhead 27 and side walls 28, 29, 30 and 31 together defining a three dimensional interior surface 32 bounding room 25. The room's interior space contained within surface 32 has a volumetric center 33. Within room 25 are spaced apart cases 35a, 35b providing open shelves 37 bearing separate groups 38a, 38b, 38c, 38d . . . 38h of goods which may be, say, foodstuffs, and which are for sale.
Disposed on shelves 37 in front of and proximate to the different groups of goods are respectively corresponding price label devices 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d . . . 40h, which are so-called because each device provides a visible indication of the selling price of the goods next to and respectively associated with that device. While the room depicted in FIG. 1 is a small one such as might be found, say in a convenience store in the country, the invention hereof is not limited by the size of the room in which it is used. Indeed, it is highly useful in stores having very large rooms such as those which are used in supermarkets and which may contain as many as 15,000 different kinds of items to be sold, necessitating, of course, as many price labels.
It is notorious that in supermarkets and other kinds of stores as well, the sale price on various goods offered for sale keeps changing so that it is necessary to frequently update the prices posted in the store for those goods. When the notice of such prices is provided by printed labels, to update the prices must be done by the time consuming and expensive procedure of manually replacing the old printed labels with new ones. That costly work is, however, avoided in the store indicated in the room depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 by an indoor electronic transceiver system 45 (FIG. 5) in which the price label devices 40 are all automatically controlled by electromagnetic waves from a common transmitter unit 50 and an antenna 51 therefor to initially store and display updated prices of the goods associated with that device. Each such device in response to an signal from transmitter 50 identifying that device itself transmits electromagnetic waves to a common receiver 60 (FIG. 5) via an antenna 61 (FIG. 5) therefor to inform the user of the system of the price then displayed by that device or of other matters relating to its operation.
The common transmitter 50 generates electromagnetic waves for which a satisfactory frequency is, say, 20 KHz so that the wavelength of the waves is about 9 miles. As befits that long wavelength, the antenna 51 for transmitter 50 is large in size and takes the form in FIGS. 1 and 2 of two primary coils 52a, 52b respectively encircling the cases 35a, 35b and bonded to floor 26 in shallow grooves formed therein and of a depth so that the coils do not project above the floor surface. The coils may also be embedded in or lie beneath floor 26. As shown, the coils 52a, 52b have a horizontal lie corresponding to the horizontal lie of floor 26, and have respective vertical axes 53a, 53b therefor. Each coil consists of a single loop of insulated copper wire which extends around the coil axis and which, although it is slightly open near transmitter 50 (FIG. 2), is preferably a loop which is mostly closed around its extent.
Alternative acceptable configurations for the antenna 51 is for it to be a single turn or multi-turn primary coil disposed with a horizontal lie above any doors and windows for room 25 and mounted by the overhead 27 or the walls 28-31 so as to be at the bounding surface 32 of room 25. Consonant however with it so being at surface 32, such a coil may be mounted by overhead 27 on its inner side or (assuming the structure of the overhead does not contain too much metal) within the overhead or on its outer side. Alternatively, such one coil may be mounted by walls 28-31 on the inner side of or within or outside those walls to extend around the enclosing structure provided by these walls.
In all the configurations described above which are suitable for antenna 51, the lie of the primary coil or coils conforms to the lie of the portions of bonding surface 32 next to that coil or coils, and the primary coil or coils lack any portions projecting substantially away from surface 32 into room 25.
As a further consideration, the antenna 51 need not be in room 25 or mounted by part of the structure 26-31 enclosing that room but, rather, may be outside of and away from that structure so long as the antenna is disposed to propagate electromagnetic waves into room 25 in a manner to be wireless coupled with all the price label devices 40 therein. As a preferred location, however, the antenna coil or coils should be positioned nearer to the bounding surface 32 of room 25 than to the volumetric center 33 therefor.
Turning now to FIG. 4, the shown price label device 40a is typical of the other price label devices 40 used in transceiver system 45 (FIG. 5). Device 40a includes an insulative support means 70a in the form of a flat plastic rectangular board which is a composite board consisting of front and back rectangular plastic plates 71a and 72a spaced apart by and joined to a thicker central rectangular spacer plate (not shown). The spacer plate is smaller in both its rectangular dimensions than plates 71a and 72a so that the composite board 70a has formed in its periphery a groove (not shown) extending all the way around the board. The largest linear dimension of board 70a is the length of the line extending between two corners of the board which are diagonally opposite each other and on opposite sides of the board. That length can, however, as a practical matter be considered the same as the length of the line 73a shown in FIG. 4 as extending between corners of board 70a which are diagonally opposite each other but on the same side of the board 70a.
The mentioned groove has received therein a multi-turn coil 75a of insulated wire wound into the groove so that the coil extends around the periphery of board 70a and makes contact around its periphery with the board 70a. Coil 75a is radially spaced from an axis 76a therefor passing through the board. Axis 76a is shown in FIG. 4 as being horizontal because FIG. 4 shows device 40a in an up-ended position, but axis 76a would normally be vertical (FIG. 3). The coil 75a serves as a receiving antenna for device 40a and is sometimes referred to herein as a secondary coil. Secondary coil 75a is of much smaller diametral size than primary coil 52a.
Other components of device 40a mounted by board 70a are electronic circuit means 77a coupled to coil 75a to operate in response to waves received thereby, a display panel 78a controlled by circuit means 77a to display originally entered or subsequently updated prices of the goods 38a associated with device 40a (FIG. 1), and a quarter wavelength stub antenna 79a coupled to a transmitter stage included in circuit means 77a for the purpose of generating microwaves transmitted from device 40a via antenna 79a to common receiver 61 antenna. As shown, all of elements 77a-79a are mounted by board 70a radially inward of the coil 75a on the front plate 71a of the board 70a.
The preferred positional relationship between an antenna coil for the long wavelength transmitter 50 and the price label devices 40 displayed in room 25 is depicted in FIG. 3. That figure shows only the portion of room 25 which includes the antenna coil 52a which encircles case 35a and the devices 40 supported by the top shelf 37, the case itself having been removed from the FIG. 3 showing and having been replaced by a horizontal plane 74 in which the last named devices lie.
The devices 40 supported by the top shelf and other shelves of case 35a are all disposed in room 25 in a volume of space bounded by the geometric cylindrical surface 80 shown in FIG. 3. Surface 80 is generated by using the periphery of coil 52a as the directrix line for creating the surface and by moving a generatrix line 81 around that periphery in a manner such that at all times during that movement, the line 81 intersects the directrix and, also, is parallel to coil axis 53a and remains parallel to itself. Such movement of the generatrix 81 sweeps out the cylindrical surface 80.
In the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3 all of the devices 40 which are both shown and unshown by that figure are spaced away from the longwave primary antenna coil 52a by a distance which is much less than the 9 mile wavelength characterizing the 20 KHz electromagnetic wave by which the coil 52a is excited in the course of operation of transceiver system 45. As a result, the transmitting coil 52a is wireless coupled to the respective receiving coils 75 (FIG. 4) of all such shown and unshown devices 40 by what is referred to on page 395 of the text, "Ultra High Frequency Techniques," authored by Brainerd, Koehler, Reich and Woodruff and published in 1942 by D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. as the "local or the induction field." Such coupling field is said to be important where the coupled transmitter and receiver are spaced apart by less than twice the wavelength of the transmitted waves. An induction field coupling of the respective antennas of a transmitter and receiver is akin to the well known magnetic coupling which, on the one hand is, (as shown by FIGS. 3 and 4 taken together) several times greater than the largest linear dimension of device 40 (as approximately represented by the diagonal lines 73 shown in FIG. 3) and, on the other hand, occurs in a transformer between its primary and secondary windings, whence comes the terminology used herein of referring to the antenna elements of the common transmitter 51 and the label devices 40 as, respectively, a "primary" coil or coils 52 and "secondary" coils 75.
Treating the induction field coupling 85 (FIG. 5) between primary coil 51 and the secondary coils of the devices 40 shown in FIG. 3 as a magnetic coupling, the flux lines of the alternating magnetic field generated by coil 52a can be considered as passing upward through that coil in a direction which is wholly vertical in the plane of the coil but which departs more and more from the vertical with greater distance upward from the coil until the flux lines bend over and reverse their vertical direction and encircle coil 52a to ultimately close back on themselves.
Within, however, the cylindrical surface 80 and the short upward distances by which the devices 40 within that cylinder are spaced away from the primary coil 52a, the flux lines from coil 52a reasonably approximate wholly vertical lines.
Moreover since the secondary coils 75 of these devices have a horizontal lie (with the result being that their axes 76 are vertical), the orientation of these coils is such as to maximize the number of magnetic flux lines generated by primary coil 52a which pass through each secondary coil 75. Also the density of the flux which passes through each of the coils 75 is substantially uniform from coil to coil. Thus, the positioning represented in FIG. 3 of the coils 75 of the devices 40 in cylinder 80 relative to the coil 52a provides optional efficiency and uniformity of coupling between that transmitting coil and the receiving coils of the plurality of devices 40 served by their common transmitter 50. Another advantage of the FIG. 3 positioning arrangement wherein both the transmitter coil 52a and the receiving coils 75 of the shown devices 40 are horizontal is that the devices 40 may be rotated around their axes 76 to assume any respective angular positions in the horizontal plane without decreasing the efficiency and uniformity of coupling between the primary coil and the secondary coils.
In the indoor transmitter-receiver system described, the system will work well even though the induction field coupling between the transmitting antenna 51 and the receiving antennas 75 of the devices 40 does not realize the optimal efficiency and uniformity of coupling provided by the positioning relations shown in FIG. 3. Thus, for example, the devices 40 served in room 25 by common transmitter 50 need not all be within cylindrical surface 80 or a similar cylindrical surface generated by using coil 52b as the directrix and a line parallel to that coil's axis 53b as the generatrix. Further, the coils 75 of devices 40 inside or outside such cylindrical surfaces may be tilted from the horizontal, and the spacing of those devices from the primary antenna coil or coils may be greater than represented in FIG. 3. As another variant, the common transmitter antenna coil or coils may have a vertical lie with the receiving coils of devices (preferably but not necessarily also having a vertical lie parallel to that of the antenna coil), to better assure that all the coils of the devices 40 in room 25 have an optimal induction field coupling to the antenna 51 of the common transmitter. Another variant antenna may consist of three primary coils orthogonally aligned with each other so that the axis of each of these coils is at right angles to each axis of each of the other two coils.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the 20 KHz electromagnetic waves propagated into room 25 by antenna 51 are originally generated in transmitter unit 50 by an oscillator stage 82 providing a continuous output of such waves to a modulator stage 83. A data input 84 for unit 50 receives binary digital baseband signals occurring at a 1 KHz data rate and constituting control signals and data. Those signals are supplied in unit 50 to a Manchester encoder 86 which operates on those "0" and "1" baseband signals to convert them into Manchester encoded signals and, incidentally, to increase their data rate to 2 KHz. The function performed by encoder 84 is later discussed in more detail.
After the signals to transmitter unit 50 have been Manchester encoded, they are supplied to on-off AM modulator stage 86 which operates like a switch to pass and not pass to its output the 20 KHz carrier waves when, the Manchester encoded signals have high and low values. The result is that the transmitted waves as they appear at the modulator output are in the form of a train of bursts of 20 KHz waves which are intermittent in the sense that between the occurrence of such bursts, there are times in which there are no such waves. As later more fully explained, the transmission of such waves from the unit occurs over periods within which such waves may be either modulated or unmodulated by signals.
From the modulator 83, the described 20 KHz waves in the form of a long duration train of wave bursts is amplified by a power amplifier 87 and is then applied to a series LC circuit consisting of antenna 51 and a capacitor of a capacitance value selected to make that circuit resonant at 20 KHz (or other frequency chosen for the transmitted waves) to thereby permit more efficient and greater transfer of R.F. power from amplifier 87 to the antenna 51 than if it were not part a resonant circuit. When antenna 51 is so excited by the electromagnetic waves from transmitter 50, it propagates them into the space in room 25 and via the induction field coupling 85 to the price label devices 40 which are in that room, and of which the shown device 40a (FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) is exemplary.
When, as earlier described, the device 40a is signaled to feed back information to the user of system 45, the antenna 79a of that device is caused to emit a burst of electromagnetic waves which are microwaves having a frequency of about 900 MHz and a wavelength of about one foot. Those microwaves are transmitted to the common receiver antenna 61 which is (FIG. 1) a circularly polarized antenna comprising two quarter wave-length stubs at right angles to each other. The antenna is mounted on the ceiling of room 25 to be spaced away from the devices 40 therein by a distance equal to an appreciable number of wavelengths of the transmitted microwaves. The transmission of such waves from the antennas 79 of devices 40 to common receiver antenna 61 occurs because of a coupling 90 (FIG. 5) of those device antennas and that receiver antenna by a field which is described on pages 396-398 of the mentioned text, "Ultra-High Frequency Techniques," as being a "radiation field" existing between the transmitter and receiver when the distance between them is appreciably greater than one wavelength of the transmitted wave.
The RF waves received by antenna 61 are passed through a bandpass filter 91 in receiver 60 and then through a logarithmic amplifier 92 therein. The amplified waves are converted by a demodulator 93 into a baseband signal or signals, and that signal or signals is supplied to a computer 95 which is also coupled to transmitter 50 by interconnection means (not shown) to control its operation and inputs. The computer 95 is programmed and directed by the use of system 45 to cause the system to automatically operate devices 40 to display updated prices and to provide confirmation that updating has taken place.
Circuit details of the transceiver device 40a are shown in FIG. 6. The pick-up coil 75a of that coil has a resistance of about 3000 ohms and is made resonant at the 20 KHz frequency of the waves transmitted thereto by distributed capacitance represented in FIG. 6 by the dotted-line capacitor 104 shown as connected between the high and low ends 101 and 102 of the coil between which the coil's wire extends. Low end 102 of the coil is shown connected to a ground 103 but such ground is only an electrically isolated internal ground for device 40a since the device has no external grounding to earth.
The high end 101 of coil 75a is connected to upper and lower capacitor-rectifier circuits each including two capacitors each of 0.1 microfarad capacitance values. Those circuits 105, and 106 together form for device 45a a first stage 107 for supplying DC power between power supply leads 108, 109 of which lead 108 is connected to circuit 105 through a 1 megohm voltage dropping resistor 110. The circuits 105 and 106 are each doublers of the peak voltages of, respectively, the positive and negative half cycles of the AC energy appearing in coil 75a between its ends 101, 102 so as to produce voltages of +V and -V with respect to internal ground 103 on leads 108 and 109. Accordingly, stage 107 is a peak voltage quadrupler stage from which can be withdrawn from the stage between the terminals 108, 109 DC energy having a voltage which in practice is kept to a value of about 1.5 volts.
To maintain the output of DC power supply stage 107 at approximately that 1.5 volt value, a power regulator stage 115 is connected between power supply leads 108, 109. The circuit used to perform that power regulating function is shown in FIG. 7 but will not be described herein in detail. It suffices to say that such circuit keeps steady at about 1.5 volts the output voltage of stage 107 which, without the regulation afforded by stage 115, could rise to almost 100 volts if device 40a were to be disposed in room 25 very near primary antenna coil 52a.
The stage 107 supplies DC power to electrically energized means 116 providing a resistive load directly connected between the output terminals 108, 109 of stage 107. Such means 116 comprises a detector stage 117, having its input connected to the high end 101 of coil 75a, a Manchester decoder 118 having its input connected to detector 117 and its output connected to signal processing stages 119, and a semiconductor memory 120 supplied from stages 119 over signal transfer paths 121 and 122, respectively, with control signals and data. Detector stage 117 converts the bursts of R.F. waves appearing across coil 75a into baseband signals of "1" value separated by times constituting "0" value signals. Manchester decoder 118 converts those signals from detector 117 into the original format they had before being passed through encoder 86 (FIG. 5). The stages 119 perform processing functions on these decoded signals including differentiating them into control signals and signals representing data. The data signals are fed over signal transfer means 121 to memory 120 to cause the data represented by these signals to be stored in stage 120 under the control of signals supplied by signal transfer means 122 which (signals) may also cause data store 120 to perform other functions.
The initial power supply stage 107 also provides power, when, needed to operate the display panel 78a (FIG. 4) which is supplied with such power by being connected directly between the output terminals 108 and 109 of stage 107. Panel 78a is connected to stages 119 and 120 by, respectively, leads 133 and 134 to respond to inputs of control signals from stage 119 and data from data stage 120 to visibly display numbers which in this case represent prices.
The data storage stage 120 is an EPROM semiconductor memory which stores data in a non-volatile manner. Display panel 78a may be a conventional liquid crystal display panel. Alternatively, the display panel 78a may be a non-volatile panel in which data is retained in the absence of voltage being applied to the panel. An example of such a panel is the one disclosed in U.S. Pat, No. 5,181,131 issued Jun. 19, 1993 to Yamazaki, et al for "Power Conserving Driver Circuit For Liquid Crystal Displays". Except during times when changes are being made in data stored or displayed, the data storage stage 120 and the non-volatile display panel 78a add very little to the resistive load on the first power supply stage 107.
Besides the stages already discussed, the circuitry of device 40a includes a transmitter stage 125 turned "on" and "off" by signals on lead 126 from data store stage 120. The effect of receipt by stage 125 of such an "on" signal is to set into oscillation a resonant or "tank" circuit consisting of capacitor 127 and a coaxial line section 128 providing a quarter wave length coaxial line shorted at its end away from the capacitor. The oscillations in such resonant circuit are isolated from the data store 120 by an R.F. choke 129. The oscillations initially developed in the resonant circuit by the onset of the "on" signal are sustained by a transistor 130 which responds to the oscillations to amplify them and then feed back a portion of the amplified oscillating energy to the resonant circuit. Another portion of such amplified energy is supplied from transistor 130 to the up-link antenna 79a to excite it to transmit into room 25 the described 900 MHz microwaves for the duration of the "on" signal received by stage 25. When that signal ceases, the transmission of microwaves from antenna 79a also ceases.
Substantially more DC power is needed to operate the transmitter stage 125 when "on" than all of the other circuit stages in device 40a. There is, therefore, provided in that device solely for transmitter stage 125 a second DC power supply stage 140 which derives the DC energy it supplies from the first power supply stage 107 but is capable of delivering DC power for a short time period at a much greater wattage than the stage 107 would be capable of doing over that period.
Power supply stage 140 comprises a capacitor 141 of 1 microfarad capacitance and a ten megohm isolating resistor 142 connected in series so as to have a common junction 143, the ends of the resistor and capacitor away from that junction being connected to, respectively, the output leads 108 and 109 of first power stage 107. DC power is supplied from stage 140 to stage 125 by a connection of transistor 130 and a resistor 131 in series between the output lead 109 of first power stage 107 and the junction 143 in the second power stage 140.
Both the capacitors in stage 107 and the capacitor 141 are charged by DC current flowing thereto from, respectively, the pick-up coil 75a and the resistor 142 in stage 140 to store that charge as available DC energy until that energy is withdrawn by discharge of the capacitors. The rates at which the capacitors receive charge is directly proportional to the resistance in the charging paths therefor, and the energy stored by the capacitors for a given voltage across it is directly proportional to their capacitance. Resistor 142 has a much greater resistance than the total resistance of coil 75a and all the rectifiers in stage 107 and, in fact, has a greater resistance than that of the resistive load apart from stages 125 and 140 which is coupled across the output 113, 114 of the circuits 105, 106 of stage 107. On the other hand, capacitor 141 has a greater capacitance than the total of all the capacitors in stage 107. As a result, assuming that all the capacitors in both stages 107 and 140 are initially uncharged, the capacitor 141 will charge up much more slowly to the full voltage thereacross than will each of the capacitors in stage 107, but once all these capacitors have become fully charged, the capacitor 141 stores a greater amount of DC energy obtainable by its discharge as DC power than the total amount of DC energy so stored by the several capacitors in stage 107. The charging rate of the capacitors in stage 107 is, of course much greater than their rate of discharge upon termination of energy received thereby from coil 75a.
When, as earlier described, the transmitter stage 125 is turned "on," its transistor 130 and associated electrical elements changes from a very high resistance load to a low resistance load coupled between the opposite sides of capacitor 141. In response to that change, current flows from capacitor 141 to discharge the charge stored therein (at a rate much faster than the charging rate for capacitor 141) and to provide the power to operate the transmitter stage 125 for a period which may have exemplary durations of from 1 microsecond to 10 microseconds depending on how much information is to be transmitted in that period. During that period, the resistor 142 performs the important function that its very high resistance isolates the relatively low resistance which transmitter stage 125 has during its "on" period from the output terminals 108, 109 of the first power supply stage so as, thereby to prevent the capacitors of that stage from becoming significantly discharged by the low resistance of "on" transmitter stage 125 being effectively coupled in parallel with the resistive load provided by the other circuits of device 40a and already coupled between those output terminals.
The use of the two described cascaded DC power supplies in device 40a affords the advantage that the device can operate solely from energy derived from received electromagnetic waves of low field strength (i.e., without the inclusion of any battery in the device), and with a small amount of energy storage capacitance therein, both to continuously energize the majority of its circuit components which draw only low power and to provide for high power circuit usage for intermittent short periods occurring during such continuous low power usage.
Before the system 45 is started up, the various price label devices 40 may be pre-programmed to each store data (a) representing an address code uniquely identifying that device, and (b) if, desired, the initial price for the goods with which the device is to be used. The devices 40 are then placed in the room 25 at their proper locations, and the down-link or common transmitter 50 is turned "on."
During any operation of system 45 the transmitter 50 preferably (but not necessarily) "transmits" for the entire indeterminable period of time which is the duration of that operation. That is, over that time period, the transmitter 50 under the control of its Manchester encoder 86 transmits R.F. waves in the form of intermittent bursts thereof both when digital "0" and "1" signals are being received and are not being received at the input 84 for the encoder. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8 which is taken from page 80 of the text, "Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications," authored by Bernard Sklar and published in 1988 by Prentice Hall, for the entire period of operation of system 45, encoder 86 senses at its input 84 either a positive voltage occurring during successive unit time intervals which are contiguous or separated or, alternatively, zero voltage occurring during successive unit time intervals which are contiguous or separated but which intervene the positive voltage time intervals (waveform A). The device 86 encodes each unit of positive voltage (which represents the digital signal "1") by dividing its time interval into first and second half intervals by keeping the voltage positive for the first half interval while reducing it to zero for the second half interval (waveform B). Similarly the devices 86 encodes each unit of zero voltage (which may represent either the digital zero "0" or no signal at all) into first and second half intervals and keeping the first half interval at zero voltage while producing positive voltage in the second half interval (waveform B).
The resulting train of contiguous or separated half intervals of positive voltage and of times intervening them of contiguous or separated half intervals of zero voltage are applied in transmitter 50 to modulator 83 to produce as the transmitter's output the afore-described train of intermittent bursts of 20 KHz R.F. waves which are represented by waveform C. Manchester encoding thus has the effect that, when a transmitter of R.F. waves is being on-off modulated by "0" and "1" digital at times alternating with other times during which the transmitter is not being modulated by any signals, the transmitter will transmit bursts of waves during times of non-modulation at the same average repetition rates as during times of modulation to thereby maintain constant at all times during the transmitter's operation the average R.F. power propagated into space by the transmitter. In the case of the receiving devices 40 which are serviced by transmitter 50 but have no external ground to so keep consistent such average propagated R.F. power is advantageous because it avoids the distortion which would otherwise take place in the d.c. level effective in those devices for the baseband signals processed therein. Another advantage of so keeping constant such average R.F. power propagated by transmitter 50 both at times when the waves transmitted thereby are modulated by signals and are not so modulated is that it provides for devices 40, both at times when such waves are modulated and when they are unmodulated, a source of power which on the average is continuous and constant and permits these devices to operate without any batteries therefor.
The detector stages 117 and Manchester decoders 118 in devices 40 perform operations which are the reverse of those described above as performed by encoder 86 and modulator 83 of transmitter 50.
Once the system 45 has been set into operation as described, and assuming that the devices 40 have been pre-programmed to display initial prices of their associated goods, the transmitter 50 remains unmodulated by signals until the time comes to update some of those prices. The transmitter then responds to signals directing it to update the prices displayed by certain of these devices to selectively "call" a first of those devices by propagating waves which are modulated by signals to initially pick out a first of such devices by transmitting a signal identifying such device by its address code, and by subsequently transmitting control and data signals controlling that device to erase old price data from its data store 120 and display panel 78, replace that old price data by new price data, and then actuate the up-link transmitter 125 of that device to signal common receiver 60 that the updating of that device has been completed. The same procedure is followed to update one at a time the remainder of the devices 40 whose displayed prices need updating. During the time that any such device is being updated by modulated waves from transmitter 50, both that device and all other of devices 40 continue to be refreshed with DC power from those modulated waves, but otherwise such modulated waves have no effect in the signal handling circuit components of the other devices because the latter devices have not been picked out by an identifying signal to subsequently process transmitted control signals and data.
The transmission for signaling purposes of microwaves from an updated device 40 to up-link receiver 60 may take various forms. For example, such transmission may be merely a single burst of waves produced by a "called" device 40 after the identifying signal for that device has been sent out by transmitter 50, such burst indicating merely that such device has received that signal. At the other extreme, such transmission may take the form of a train of microwaves modulated by signals specifying the new replacing data which has actually been entered into the "called" device and permitting comparison between that entered data and the replacing data actually communicated to such device by the transmitter 50.
When the display panels 78 of devices 40 are non-volatile, the transmitter-receiver system 45 may be turned off either deliberately or inadvertently, and during the period when such system is "off" the devices will continue to display the updated prices which latest have been entered into them. It follows that system 45 may be used only at night to update prices, and may be turned off during the day so as to avoid thereby the propagation by transmitter 50 and the device transmitters 125 of radiation into room 25. When the system is turned back on to renew the flow of power from transmitter 50 via induction field coupling 85 to devices 40, the power stages 107 and 140 of those stages become fully charged in, respectively, less than one second and about three minutes so that all the devices 40 become fully operational in a short time.
Some operating parameters of the system are as follows.
While 20 KHz has been given as an exemplary frequency value of the waves emitted by transmitter 50, the frequency of these waves may conveniently be anywhere in the 20-50 KHz range which is not a critical range for that frequency. Preferably, however, the frequency of the waves from transmitter 50 lies within the range which spans the 3 KHz-30 HKz and the 30 KHz-300 KHz bands which are referred to in the Radio Frequency Table as, respectively, the "very low frequency" and "low frequency bands." Similarly, while 900 MHz has been given as the exemplary value of the frequency of the microwaves transmitted from devices 40 because that frequency lies within a frequency band convenient to use, that frequency value is not critical. It may, for example, be determined by the length desired to be used for the quarter wave antennas 79 incorporated (FIG. 4) in those devices.
Indeed, although the waves transmitted by devices 40 were chosen to be microwaves (i.e., electromagnetic waves of a wavelength between and including the values 100 centimeter and 1 centimeter) because microwaves are easy to produce and permit transmission of a relatively large amount of information during a burst of such waves which is short as, say, in the range of 1-10 microseconds, the devices 40 may transmit waves longer in wavelength than microwaves. For the purpose of transmitting these longer wavelength waves, devices 40 may use either an up-link transmitting antenna separate from the down-link receiving antenna as heretofore described or, alternatively, may use part or all of such normally receiving antenna to transmit such up-link waves from device 40. There is no critical frequency for such transmitted up-link waves except that they should be different in frequency than the waves from down-link transmitter 50 in order to avoid interference with the transmission of the latter waves.
The use in system 45 of waves of low frequency from transmitter 50 to service the price label devices 40 affords not only the advantages aforementioned but also the additional advantages that, because of the strong transmitter-receiver link required to provide the devices 40 by wireless with remote power, the possibility of control signal and data transmission errors is almost zero. Further, the cost of providing most of the circuit components is greatly reduced as compared to what such costs would be if these components had to operate at microwave frequencies.
The aforedescribed embodiment of the invention being exemplary only, it is to be understood that additions thereto, omissions therefrom and modifications thereof can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in lieu of utilizing Manchester encoding to provide a steady flow of power to devices 40 from transmitter 50 during periods when either the transmitter is or is not receiving signals at its input 84, the unit 50 can transmit waves continuously, and these waves can modulated by frequency shift keying to convey such signals. Accordingly, the invention is not to be considered as limited save as is consonant with the recitals of the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 6, 1981
|Feb 19, 1985
|Motorola, Inc.
|Real time, computer-driven retail pricing display system
|Feb 11, 1985
|Aug 12, 1986
|At&T Technologies, Inc.
|Computerized transaction card with inductive data transfer
|Jul 16, 1986
|Aug 4, 1987
|Phillips Raymond P Sr
|Apparatus for converting radio frequency energy to direct current
|Nov 10, 1988
|Feb 20, 1990
|Wacom Co., Ltd.
|Coordinates input apparatus
|Jan 6, 1988
|Jun 26, 1990
|Stevens John K
|Radio broadcast communication systems with multiple loop antennas
|Nov 18, 1988
|May 28, 1991
|Unigrafic Ag
|Device for marking edges of shelves
|May 20, 1991
|May 12, 1992
|Hitachi Maxell, Ltd.
|Method and system of communication for a non-contact ic card
|May 15, 1991
|Jul 7, 1992
|Seiko Instruments, Inc.
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|Dec 23, 1991
|Jan 19, 1993
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
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|Article entitled "24,000 shirts/hour?," published on p. 47 of the Feb. 1, 1993 issue of Design News.
|Article entitled 24,000 shirts/hour , published on p. 47 of the Feb. 1, 1993 issue of Design News .
|Electronic Engineering Times, Article: "Ferroelectric LDCs Aim At Supermarkets," dated Sep. 28, 1992, p. 37, Technology Section.
|Electronic Engineering Times, Article: Ferroelectric LDCs Aim At Supermarkets, dated Sep. 28, 1992, p. 37, Technology Section.
|Electronic Products, Article: "Color, Front-Lit LCDs Combine Sunlight Viewability With Low Power Consumption", date Mar. 1993, pp. 18 & 21, Outlook Section.
|Electronic Products, Article: Color, Front Lit LCDs Combine Sunlight Viewability With Low Power Consumption , date Mar. 1993, pp. 18 & 21, Outlook Section.
|Text "Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications," authored by Bernard Sklar and published in 1988 by Prentice Hall, pp. 80 and 81.
|Text Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications, authored by Bernard Sklar and published in 1988 by Prentice Hall, pp. 80 and 81.
|Text, "Ultra-High-Frequency Techniques," authored by Brainerd, Koehler, Reich and Woodruff and published in 1942 by D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., pp. 369, 372-373 and 395-399.
|Text, Ultra High Frequency Techniques, authored by Brainerd, Koehler, Reich and Woodruff and published in 1942 by D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., pp. 369, 372 373 and 395 399.
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|Sep 10, 1998
|Jan 23, 2001
|Xerox Corporation
|Information management system supporting multiple electronic tags
|Jul 12, 1999
|Jul 10, 2001
|Union Switch & Signal, Inc.
|Programmable relay driver
|Aug 31, 2001
|Jan 21, 2003
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Portable information apparatus incorporating radio communication antenna
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|Nov 18, 2003
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|Jul 6, 2004
|Figaro Systems, Inc.
|Wireless electronic libretto display apparatus and method
|Apr 5, 2000
|Aug 31, 2004
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|Feb 4, 2003
|Nov 9, 2004
|Raytheon Company
|Enhancement antenna for article identification
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|Nov 16, 2004
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|System and method for distributed storage management
|May 11, 2001
|Apr 12, 2005
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|Mar 7, 2003
|Oct 25, 2005
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|Nov 1, 2005
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
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|May 11, 2001
|Feb 28, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Validation of the presence of an electromagnetic transponder in the field of an amplitude demodulation reader
|Mar 10, 2000
|Mar 28, 2006
|Minolta Co., Ltd.
|Liquid crystal display device, portable electronic device and driving method thereof
|May 17, 2001
|Apr 4, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Electromagnetic field generation antenna for a transponder
|Aug 9, 2001
|May 16, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Detection of an electric signature of an electromagnetic transponder
|May 17, 2001
|May 16, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Electromagnetic field generation device for a transponder
|Jul 13, 2000
|May 23, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Sizing of an electromagnetic transponder system for a dedicated distant coupling operation
|May 11, 2001
|May 23, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Validation of the presence of an electromagnetic transponder in the field of a reader
|Jul 13, 2000
|Jun 6, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Sizing of an electromagnetic transponder system for an operation in extreme proximity
|Nov 15, 2002
|Jun 26, 2007
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Signal distribution to a plurality of circuit units
|Oct 27, 2005
|Aug 28, 2007
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Validation of the presence of an electromagnetic transponder in the field of a phase demodulation reader
|Oct 13, 2005
|Oct 16, 2007
|Chung -Hsin Electric & Machinery Mfg. Corp.
|Wireless display device and radio frequency identification system using the same
|Feb 4, 2005
|Sep 30, 2008
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Display management system
|Jun 16, 2003
|Oct 26, 2010
|Store Electronic Systems Electronic Shelf Label
|Electronic label antenna
|Sep 21, 2009
|Jan 3, 2012
|Powermat, Ltd.
|Efficiency monitor for inductive power transmission
|Sep 15, 2009
|Mar 6, 2012
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Electromagnetic field generation antenna for a transponder
|Jun 12, 2003
|Mar 27, 2012
|Inventio Ag
|State remote reading device, and uses thereof
|Sep 16, 2010
|Jul 17, 2012
|Ideal Industries, Inc.
|Connector assemblies with integrated wiring diagrams and methods of using the same
|Jun 9, 2008
|Oct 23, 2012
|Lg Innotek Co., Ltd.
|Tag device, reader device, and RFID system
|Aug 10, 2007
|Dec 10, 2013
|Harman Becker Automotive Systems Gmbh
|Display system
|Feb 4, 2005
|Jan 7, 2014
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Controllable RFID card
|Nov 29, 2011
|Jan 7, 2014
|Powermat Technologies, Ltd
|Efficiency monitor for inductive power transmission
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|Dec 16, 2014
|Optoelectronics Co., Ltd.
|Power management system for electronic shelf labels and the like
|Dec 6, 2013
|Feb 24, 2015
|Powermat Technologies, Ltd.
|Efficiency monitor for inductive power transmission
|Dec 3, 2013
|Mar 22, 2016
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Controllable RFID card
|Feb 18, 2015
|Jun 7, 2016
|Merry Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Wireless transmission device and robot arm using the same
|Jul 3, 2014
|Jun 7, 2016
|Powermat Technologies Ltd.
|Efficiency monitor for inductive power transmission
|Jan 26, 2001
|Aug 23, 2001
|Luc Wuidart
|Adaptation of the transmission power of an electromagnetic transponder reader
|May 17, 2001
|Feb 14, 2002
|Luc Wuidart
|Electromagnetic field generation device for a transponder
|Dec 28, 2000
|Jul 4, 2002
|Jaynes Christopher O.
|Object specific information relaying system
|Nov 15, 2002
|May 29, 2003
|Maksim Kuzmenka
|Signal distribution to a plurality of circuit units
|Feb 4, 2003
|Aug 7, 2003
|Raytheon Company
|Enhancement antenna for article identification
|Aug 9, 2001
|Sep 4, 2003
|Luc Wuidart
|Detection of an electric signature of an electromagnetic transponder
|Jan 24, 2003
|Jul 29, 2004
|Cyril Brignone
|System and method for distributed storage management
|Mar 7, 2003
|Sep 9, 2004
|Sdi Industries, Inc.
|RFID control system
|Jun 16, 2003
|Nov 17, 2005
|Philippe Catteau
|Electronic label antenna
|Oct 5, 2004
|Apr 6, 2006
|Wykoff Richard C
|Wireless display update system without a local power source
|Jun 12, 2003
|Apr 13, 2006
|Michel Gielis
|State remote reading device, and uses thereof
|Oct 13, 2005
|Apr 13, 2006
|Chen Jung Y
|Wireless display device and radio frequency identification system using the same
|Oct 27, 2005
|May 25, 2006
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Validation of the presence of an electromagnetic transponder in the field of a phase demodulation reader
|Feb 4, 2005
|Aug 10, 2006
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Display management system
|Feb 4, 2005
|Aug 24, 2006
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Controllable RFID card
|Aug 10, 2007
|Feb 14, 2008
|Harman Becker Automotive Systems
|Display system
|Sep 21, 2009
|Mar 18, 2010
|Powermat Ltd
|Efficiency monitor for inductive power transmission
|Jun 9, 2008
|Mar 25, 2010
|Nam Yun Kim
|Tag device, reader device, and rfid system
|Sep 16, 2010
|Mar 24, 2011
|Ideal Industries, Inc.
|Connector Assemblies With Integrated Wiring Diagrams and Methods of Using the Same
|Jul 15, 2008
|Jul 21, 2011
|Optoelectronics Co., Ltd.
|Power management system for electronic shelf labels and the like
|Mar 30, 2010
|Oct 6, 2011
|Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte, Ltd.
|Battery-less operated bi-stable display by wireless power transmission
|Nov 29, 2011
|Mar 22, 2012
|Powermat Ltd
|Efficiency monitor for inductive power transmission
|Nov 26, 2001
|Jun 12, 2003
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Signalverteilung zu einer Mehrzahl von Schaltungseinheiten
|Nov 26, 2001
|Feb 19, 2004
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Signalverteilung zu einer Mehrzahl von Schaltungseinheiten
|Mar 10, 2000
|Sep 13, 2000
|Minolta Co., Ltd.
|Liquid crystal display device portable electronic device and driving thereof
|Mar 10, 2000
|Dec 19, 2001
|Minolta Co., Ltd.
|Liquid crystal display device portable electronic device and driving thereof
|Apr 26, 2005
|Jun 7, 2006
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Refrigerator with improved RFID reader configuration
|Aug 10, 2006
|Feb 13, 2008
|Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH
|Jun 9, 2008
|May 13, 2009
|LG Innotek Co., Ltd.
|Tag device, reader device, and rfid system
|Jun 9, 2008
|Oct 19, 2011
|Lg Innotek Co Ltd
|Tag device, reader device, and rfid system
|Jan 16, 2009
|Jul 22, 2009
|MTU Aero Engines GmbH
|Radio module and method for operating same
|Jan 16, 2009
|Feb 10, 2010
|MTU Aero Engines GmbH
|Radio module and method for operating same
|Nov 20, 2000
|May 25, 2001
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Low information content display
|Nov 20, 2000
|Jan 10, 2002
|Avery Dennison Corp
|Low information content display
|Sep 6, 2002
|Mar 20, 2003
|Tagtec Limited
|Wireless communications system
|Sep 30, 2005
|Apr 27, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|Wireless display update system without a local power source
|Sep 30, 2005
|Aug 10, 2006
|Lewis Adams Iii
|Wireless display update system without a local power source
|Aug 22, 2006
|Apr 26, 2007
|Skyline Products, Inc.
|System and method for controlling outdoor signs
|Aug 22, 2006
|Nov 8, 2007
|Chuck Lee Lindsay
|System and method for controlling outdoor signs
|Jun 9, 2008
|Dec 11, 2008
|Lg Innotek Co., Ltd
|Tag device, reader device, and rfid system
|U.S. Classification
|375/221, 375/352, 235/385, 340/5.91, 340/505
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 5, 2001
Owner name: THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, TEX
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Effective date: 20010222
|May 30, 2002
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|Jun 11, 2010
|Fee payment
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text:
Submitted by matthewgiorgio • January 29, 2014 www.spitmaster.co.za
SpitMaster provides a comprehensive catering service of spitbraai Cape Town and allows you to enjoy your event without having to worry about food preparation, serving, or cleaning. You can literally sit back and relax as we go about doing the hard work for you.
- Category: World News
- Tags: spitbraai cape town


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What started of as a simple game amongst friends, has become a cultivated event dubbed "The Most fun you'll have on a Monday." It's the Rock, Paper, Scissors tournament at Corduroy Restaurant, hosted by Scott Patey of Jolly Brain Productions....
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It's been years since we've had the chance to watch "The Dating Game." This popular television program was quite exciting in the 60's and 70's. Many celebrities would surprise the contestants and audience by just showing...
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Chewies: Will that be steamed, stewed, or nude?
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Sophie's Cosmic Café is simply out of this world
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text:
Click to collapse section Community Description ▼ Click to expand section Community Description ▶ Community Description
This community provides a place for all discussion topics related to managing your systems with IBM's mobile products. Postings relate to using your mobile apps, such as
and others as they become available.
Please share your questions, problems, tips, ideas, and solutions with other mobile users.
Tags: android, blackberry, flex-systems, ios, management, mobile, pureflex, stg


text:
- + Description
Intelligent Nutrients' Harmonic Shampoo washes away impurities with a lightweight all natural formula that provides volume and shine for all hair types.
Intelligent Nutrients' plant-based formula cleans hair follicles without adding weight infusing strands with volume for movement and bounce. Featuring Intellimune Seed Oil Complex for an infusion of organic antioxidant-rich ingredients Harmonic Shampoo clears away product build-up and pollutants while adding a layer of protection against environmental elements. Minty fresh scent invigorates and energizes throughout the day.
- Formulated without sulfates parabens silicones ethoxylates PEG phthalates or synthetic fragrances
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Intelligent Nutrients believes that it's time to put health back into the health and beauty business providing products that are safe and sumptuous. From raw ingredients to the finished product Intelligent Nutrients ensures that each step of the manufacturing process results in the highest quality most sustainably made product possible. All Intelligent Nutrients products are manufactured with 100% renewable energy as demonstrated by the Green-e seal on all product labels. The Intelligent Nutrients Minneapolis MN headquarters is 100% powered by renewable energy. IN products are never tested on animals.
- + Directions
Lather hair; rinse. Follow with Intelligent Nutrients' Harmonic Conditioner. For daily use.
- + Ingredients
Water Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate Glycerin Disodium Coco-glucoside Citrate Behenyl Alcohol Glyceryl Oleate Cocoglucoside Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Xanthan Gum Ethyl Palmate1 Mauritia Flexuosa (Buriti) Fruit Oil1 Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil12 Cucurbita Pepo (Pumpkin) Seed Oil12 Rubus Idaeus (Red Raspberry) Seed Oil12 Vitis Vinifera (Red Grape) Seed Oil12 Vaccinium Marcocarpon (Cranberry) Seed Oil12 Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Oil Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil1 Mentha Viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil1 Menthol1 Elettaria Cardamomum Seed Oil1 Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Cinnamon) Bark Oil1 Vanilla Planifolia Fruit (Natural Flavor)1 Rubus Idaeus (Red Raspberry Natural Flavor Type) 1 Gaultheria Procumbens (Wintergreen) Leaf Oil1 Limonene13 Linalool13 Potassium Sorbate4 Sodium Benzoate4 Citric Acid Tocopherol (Vitamin E) 1 Certified Organic 2 Antioxidant Intellimune ® Seed Oil Complex 3 Naturally Occurring Component of Organic Essential Oil Blend 4 Mineral Derived
- + Reviews


text:
Log in to download the slides from the following session held at Infosecurity Magazine Conference in Boston ---->
Securing the User: Winning Hearts & Minds to Drive Cyber Secure Behavior
Despite the focus on user security, information security professionals are still grappling with how to engage people effectively. Having an awareness programme is the first step, but awareness doesn't guarantee secure behavior.
As organizations become increasingly connected, even educated users are tempted to deliberately bypass security controls in the interests of efficiency. Humans are only human and mistakes give rise to the accidental insider. So how do information security professionals build a positive security culture within their organization?
- Understand the drivers of insecure behavior and how to influence that behavior
- Identify effective strategies to raise awareness and change behavior
- Develop key metrics to measure the effectiveness of your security awareness program
- Implement best tactics to achieve board-level buy-in to gain investment for your security awareness and engagement program
As presented by:
Thomas Skill, Associate Provost & CIO, Department of Communication, University of Dayton
Spencer Mott, Acting Chief Information Officer and CISO, Amgen
Dawn Sheirzad, Product Manager, Security, Macy's
Moderator – Eleanor Dallaway, Editor and Publisher, Infosecurity Magazine


text:
Cas Insurance
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text:
Chain snatcher shot at by woman's relative in Thane
Deepak Kakade, 21, tried to pull the gold chain of one Lata Patil while she was walking near a temple in Dombivili at around 9 pm yesterday, police inspector Vilas Jadhav said.
As the woman raised an alarm, the passersby including Lata's relative Ajay Chowdhari, chased the culprit who tried to flee in an autorickshaw. When the angry crowd tried to stop the autorickshaw, Kakade allegedly attacked Chowdhari with a sickle and even the vehicle driver attempted to mow down the people.
In retaliation, Chowdhari allegedly fired at Kakade from his personal revolver.
Kakade was admitted to Sion hospital in Mumbai and is reported to be serious, police said.
Search for the autorickshaw driver is on, police said, adding that a case has been registered in the incident.