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Discussion in 'Swing Discussion Boards' started by leee, Apr 11, 2013.
That sucks! Sorry to hear that. Feel better soon!
I was going to go to Fair City Blues, too, but life interfered. Sorry you're not well -- having to skip a dance weekend is bad enough, but for illness? Arrgh!
Was hoping to at the least hear some swing era music after a day of meetings in Portland this last Wednesday. When I got to the place I had been going a few months ago, the doors were locked.
Well, the event moved, but... lo and behold... the place they moved to has a band that plays western swing. Yee Haw.
Oh, and the Lindy Hop Society now has Thursday evening, not the same night as that other swing music will be played.
Recovering from another bout of illness, and last night I was very low-energy, i.e. getting out of breath from dancing back-to-back songs. Really, the best thing that happened all night was when I got home and found a sock that had been missing.
Awww sorry you were sick! I hope you're back to normal soon.
My boyfriend is learning ECS and I took him to his second dance on Tuesday night. He had a lot of fun. It was really fun for me to have him there...most guys I've dated had no interest in learning to dance, so the fact that he's making the effort means a lot!
I was away in Copenhagen for their lindy exchange last weekend. I had lots of fun, although the combination of a slightly overcrowded venue and amazing bands led to me getting kicked quite a bit. Big thanks to the leads I danced with who managed the floorcraft impossibly well.
The bands were amazing, the speeds were up so my fast swingouts got a work out. Im happy but tired now but unfortunately picked up a cold (as you can do) so am feeling a bit under the weather right now so probably no dancing this week.
I haven't been social dancing lately, but the one bit of progress that I've noticed is that magically my swivels are coming much more naturally now.
Some homework that the teacher gave us in class is to cook up a little choreography of 16 8s -- nice little challenge! Who knows, maybe this will be the first step to realizing my dream of creating something for this.
I was at the Mooche last weekend and one of the highlights was a "discussion" aka rambling chat as a class with Peter Loggins talking about the history of swing dancing and the people he'd talked to and what he'd learned.
Steve, it would be right up your alley, lots of stuff about pre lindy swing dancing, differences between the east and west coast. Written sources, interviews etc. etc. we went over time and I would have happily listened for another hour or two.
Peter, and others, including me, used to interact on his CalJazzDance and DanceHistory sites. And I've "seen" him doing some stuff on Wikipedia. The sites he had were dropped when he moved to new Orleans a "few" years ago.
A hearty round of applause here for the admins who keep this site up and running, and the mods who volunteer their time to keep the place sane.
I was just getting started at this, and Peter had been doing it for years. I keep running into things he discovered, and thankfully posted, on YouTube. Then there are the interviews (Balboa) and lectures that were recorded and also put on YouTube. He must have spent many, many hours at the UCLA film archive.
I have been looking at what Dean did on film in 1940 and 1941 and comparing it to early step sheets, and what Laure Hailé wrote as Western Swing; and, for others, West Coast Swing, and looking at what else was on film then, and a few years before he broke into the movies.
I'm often thinking of Peter, but don't want to be bugging him all the time. (same with Skippy Blair)
I look at his Facebook page now and then, but have yet to find his "coming events." One day (when I'm done trekking and climbing mountains?) maybe I'll do more dance travel, and I am really thinking of asking Peter to look at what I end up with in all this crazy research I've been doing. But that is still fairly far in the future.
On something of a tangent, I see that Rusty Frank, organizer of the weekly swing event in LA that I attended last month, wrote a book about Tap Dancers. I ran across that in a WorldCat search I did recently.
I'd like to spend more time in the local Lindy/Balboa scene, but haven't gotten there yet just because of logistics challenges, etc.
There was a nice beginner with whom I danced a song, and after we parted ways, she came back and grabbed me for the next song. Unfortunately it was faster in tempo and I'd used up all my moves already, but it was a flattering gesture!
Man, I've ALWAYS used up all my moves already!
I realised I've not posted in ages, I've been busy.
The blues dance festival I helped run (the Spoonful in Edinburgh) went really well, very exhausting to do but very good fun as well. It kinda used up a lot of my energy so I kinda lay a bit low after that.
I did go to Iceland though for some of the Arctic lindy exchange there and had fun there but the thing that I hadn't expected is that it was so nice to get back to Edinburgh and be at the regular socials there once they started up in September now.
I.e. I just want to give a shoutout to the lovely dancers in my home scene, you're all awesome. I.e. I've had a really good time at the regular socials.
I do lead a fair bit now but it was also nice to be able to drop that mostly and just dance as a follow by my own choice, when the ratios are really uneven I always end up leading more, even when I'm not fully in the mood for that which leads to less fun evenings for me.
I've got balboa brunch tomorrow, looking forward to that and then it's our lindy exchange weekend after, should be really good fun, but probably somewhat exhausting again.
I think my dancing has gotten better, I'm a bit more relaxed and playful again after having a period when I was a bit too much in my head.
Have you considered a Wordpress blog? Not absurdly challenging to set up and would allow you greater creative freedom than a forum.
This is sort of a collective diary by lots of people chipping in so the forum set up works quite well.
Anyway I spent last weekend at London Balboa Exchange. I had a really lovely time there and am head over heels with balboa all over again.
I like having it here for all of us to compare notes!
Hi I am very interested in being a member of this dance forum as i am very interested in Zomba for health benefit. If there is anything in my local area in Dublin. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thank you.
Separate names with a comma.


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PK families: At noon (half day students) or 3:15pm (full days), please pick up your child at his/her classroom. Full day students not picked up at 3:15 will go to a waiting room within the building (rotating rooms, check with receptionist Laura). Please pick up by 3:30 latest.
Main campus: After investing MANY hours to come up with an improved pick-up system for this year, we found out that the city will CLOSE SW Caruthers (street at the south end of Stearns Hall, nearest the bridge) Sept 4 to Sept 22. So, Plan B: click here for a cheat sheet. The basics, until Sept 22:
LowK & Kinder
• 3:15 - 3:30: park and pick up at the classroom, or use Sherman St drive-through pick-up*.
• 3:30: drive-through pick-up ends
• 3:30 - 3:40: pick up in the waiting room, Hilltop Bldg Rm 10 - middle floor
1st-5th grades in Hilltop & modulars (Ann, Masami, Lizette, Pilar, Taka, all 1st grades)
• 3:00 - 3:15: park & pick up at the classroom, or use Sherman St drive-through*. (Exception: Pick up Masami & Ann's students at the gym from 3:00 to 3:15)
• 3:15: drive-through pick-up ends for 1st-5th grades. Remaining students move to the playground tent
• 3:15 - 3:40: walk up to the playground to pick up your child. You will need to show your pick-up card every day.
Stearns Hall students
• 3:00 - 3:15: park & pick up at the classroom
• 3:15 - 3:40: park & pick up at the playground. You will need to show your pick-up card every day
• No drivethrough pick-up. SORRY!! (To lessen main campus traffic, families with children in certain Stearns Hall rooms will receive an e-mail from me by Tuesday (8/28) at noon with a separate pick-up option.)
*NEW! Sherman St Drive-through pick-up: show your pick-up card to the staff member standing at the 1st corner of campus, right after the bridge.
Pick-up cards and pick-up cheat sheets will be mailed to you this week.
Linda Bonder, Just The Messenger, email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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|hance is 22 y/o and a small-town country guy into hunting and fishing. Recently out of the military, recently single, and heading back home from his time in San Diego, he figured now would be the time to shed it all and show off his goods.
And he was probably more excited about it than he thought he'd be. As soon as his shorts were unzipped, Chance was getting a boner. He was nervous about not being to get hard once the cameras were pointed at him; obviously he was worried for nothing.
Being a guy who's into a nice ass, I've gotta say that it was one of my favorite things about Chance. He's got a great bubble butt. A little slice of heaven as he was bent over so I could get some close-ups.
Chance said he'd never measured his dick before which, of course, was a clear opportunity to pull out the measuring tape: 6 1/2 by 5 1/2 inches, for the score-keepers out there.
His jack-off style was one of rapid-fire pounding on his cock, followed by some slower stroking. When Chance got the thumbs-up, he went right into jack-hammering his dick until whispering, "Oh, yeah, here it comes," leaving a puddle of cum on his abs and pubes.
Seed Points Appreciated!!!
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] While Riding Hood is discovered in a faraway place training with the clandestine group? The sisters Hood ?, receives a call from Flippers Girón, the Head of the Agency? Happy forever ?. Girón instructs it resolved in collaboration with El Lobo the dark matter of the disappearance of Hansel and Gretel. You can watch Las nuevas aventuras de Caperucita Roja online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2011.
Rating: 5 by 220 users./
Runtime: 80 minutes
Animation, Comedy.
80-minute film (full movie) directed by Mike Disa.
The original audio of Las nuevas aventuras de Caperucita Roja has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2011.
Screenplay written by Cory Edwards, Mike Disa, Todd Edwards and Tony Leech.
This film was produced and / or financed by Kanbar Entertainment, HW Two, Blue Yonder Films and The Weinstein Company.
Composed by Murray Gold.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Las nuevas aventuras de Caperucita Roja has a duration of 80 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Las nuevas aventuras de Caperucita Roja in FULLTV Movies.


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My kids are crazy for ice creams; now my 19 month old too comes near the freezer and asks for ice cream and says "open me". It means you have to open the freezer and give him the ice cream that he wants. They were happy to finish the entire bowl that I had made within a few days. I was looking to buy an ice cream maker for a long time. I had not bought it, because my hubby would always ask "will you make ice creams or you want to make it to be another kitchen ornament".
Chill time: 2 hours
- 2 large mangoes, peeled, seed removed and cubed (approximately 3 cups chopped fruit and 2 ½ cup puree)
- ¾ cup sugar
- Juice of one lime, freshly squeezed – approximately 1 1/2 Tbsp (Lime is used to bring out the flavor of mango and other fruits)
- 1 cup heavy whipping cream
- 3 pods of cardamom
- ¾ cup milk( I used 2% milk)
Recipe adapted from Cristina of Pinayin Texas Cooking Corner
I am Linking this Hearth and Soul Blog hop hosted here.
Today I am happy that my Chococoalte pistachio biscotti got published in Honest Cooking Magazine.


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- Setting TypeMultiple Types
- One of a KindYes
- Sapphire ColorBlue Green


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Desktop Publisher/Proposal Coordinator
STG is in search of a Proposal Coordinator/Desktop Publisher responsible for assisting in the delivery of U.S. Government proposals by leveraging best practices to facilitate, coordinate, and produce high-quality winning proposals. The ideal candidate will shepherd the proposal process from start to finish, working effectively with Proposal Managers, Capture Managers, Marketing and Subject Matter Experts. Writers will be required to support proposal efforts, to include technical and management approaches, staffing, past performance, and resumes.
Meticulous attention to detail important. Willing to be flexible around working hours; including some evening and weekend work. Concern for quality and excellent attention to detail. Able to manage a diverse workload and balance numerous priorities. Excellent computer/Internet skills, with exceptional proficiency in Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Adobe Acrobat, and Excel.
The position requires:
Minimum 3 years' experience in a similar role, or Bachelor's Degree in English, Communications, Marketing, Journalism, Computer Science or Engineering, or similar.
Excellent organizational, writing and communication skills
Knowledge of Microsoft Office Suite with advanced skills using Microsoft Word for desktop publishing, including proper use of Styles and Table of Contents (TOC) creation.
Computer literate in Adobe Suite - including knowledge of InDesign
Ability to complete work within strict deadlines and ensure compliance with all mandated specifications
Ability to work with a broad range of stakeholders to obtain an in-depth understanding of the project and the documentation requirements.
Willingness to maintain a past submissions library and other artifacts in archives library.
- Separate and Tag exhibits, graphs, tables, past performance, and other sections of a proposal and upload each to its associated library.
- Retrieve relevant sections from achieves for consideration for a proposal based on Pink Team recommendations, or can create or modify existing graphic to represent an idea presented.
Knowledge of Government Contracting/Federal market a plus.
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This book tells the story of environmental destruction and human suffering during the Mao years.
Much has been written on the human suffering in China under Mao Zedong, and a growing literature has examined the environmental degradation of this period. In this unique and important study American University environmentalist Shapiro, co-author with Liang Heng of three previous books on China, combines the two themes. Her thesis is "that the abuse of people and nature are often interrelated," and that Mao's China is an extreme case of this connection. Under Mao, China was a place of fierce repression and constant mobilization of the "masses." Through the power of their will and obeisance to Mao, it was believed the masses would develop China. Nature, then, was the enemy to be conquered, but it was not the only one; anyone who disagreed with Mao was an enemy as well, and could be banished, imprisoned or killed. Thus, as Shapiro shows in finely crafted case studies, Mao launched a series of utopian mass development schemes tempered neither by scientific caution nor by democratic political opposition. As Mao ignored warnings on China's explosive population growth, deforestation projects and overuse and misuse of the land led to massive famine in the 1960s. Local practices were disregarded as Mao demanded the uniform application across China of questionable policies such as the forced growing of grain no matter what the local conditions. Through these and other similar schemes, by Mao's death in 1976 both nature and the masses were exhausted and ruined. Mao's most lasting legacy, Shapiro observes, may be a cynicism and disillusionment among the Chinese people that makes them suspicious of any public goals, including the environmental reclamation of China. (Apr.) Forecast: The author will promote this in Washington, D.C., New York and San Francisco, and with advertising in the Economist, Natural History, Atlantic Monthly and the New York Review of Books, this book should reach a hard-core audience interested in China, human rights and environmentalism. Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.


text: Hi-Im pretty new to the boards but have lurked forever it seems!LOL We are going to the World from 8/17-8/23.Our closest major airport is BWI(Baltimore-Wash.).We were planning to arrive at the airport the night before(the 16th) and fly out early am the next day. When checking flights I saw if we leave on a 8pm flight the 16th we can save 40 dollars a ticket as opposed to the am flight the next day. What I want to know is if I can pay for a room only at POFQ and take ME on the 16th (late at like 11pm) and then start my package on the 17th as intended ? When I add an extra day to my package it jumps up quite a few hundred.We just want a place to sleep because it will be late but we need to use ME because we wont have a rental car. Am i making sense? If anyone understands me(and according to my DH some dont LOL) can I do this? Thanks


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We all have rough days. I pride myself on being optimistic and positive to everyone. I believe that the greatest purpose of leadership is to add value to others.
That being said, I also have days where my confidence and energy is low. During these days, it's easy to begin to go from "why me" to "woe is me." Yesterday I could feel my positive spirit diminishing and then I watched the video below that a friend of mine sent me.
I ask that you spend 10 minutes today to watch this video. I know you will come away inspired.


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Model Mayhem #:
Last Activity:
Mar 29, 2016
Depends on Assignment
Aug 26, 2009
Performance Artist
Promotional Modeling
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Somnia Romantica's fashion in other profiles5 Photos
Somnia Romantica's favorite fashion photos21 Photos
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About Me
For all my info & links, see:
Somnia Romantica is a one person designer label based in The Netherlands, which creates historically inspired, (dark-) romantic fashion.
I love photoshoots, assembling a team to create something beautiful. I'm searching for cooperations with people who have affinity with romantic, nostalgic, high fashion or (dark) dreamy shoots. If you have an awesome idea, just contact me if you have an idea or if you just wish to work together, then we can see what the possibilities are!
On a practical note:
I live in The Netherlands. I can't travel worldwide, but (with a deposit) my clothes can!
I do this for a living, therefore I always have a limited stock available for shoots. Of course there is my shop if you're interested in purchasing a piece:
When I decide to participate on a TFP project but can't be there myself, this is how I work (I'm sorry I have to do this, it's out of self protection against those few out there!)
First you "purchase" the pieces for the amount I set (this is my warranty). I pay for shipment to you, assigned, with tracking, you pay for shipment back, again, assigned with tracking. When the pieces are received back in good order, I'll refund the whole amount! When an item comes back with unwashable filth or with damage, you'll get a reasonable partial refund.
Somnia Romantica sets high value on a good name within the creative world and good cooperations, I'm happy to say I never had to have anyone pay me for no returns or damages!
General information:
I'm Marjolein Turin from the Netherlands. After several projects in alternative fashion, Somnia Romantica was founded at the end of 2008. With my label Somnia Romantica I design and make garments and accessories for all facets of evening life, from alternative dance wear to stage outfits or evening dresses. The pieces are inspired by history, often based on authentic patterns, adjusted to own design. The purpose of the brand is to bring some nostalgia and dream scapes into modern society.
When working with me, you'll have a very dedicated team member. When a shoot idea really appeals to me, I'm always prepared to see if I have something for it. In some occasions I will design & make all new pieces. I will attend the shoot, but I'm also willing to send my pieces overseas for a great shoot.
So, what am I searching for?
I'm looking for people who are in for artistic projects in different styles. I love images that set a romantic, dark or dreamy mood. I'm not looking for any practical photos, for the product photos I use my dress form :)
Models: I'm open for many kinds of models of different length, ethnicity, age and size. I strongly prefer people who have affinity with styles like sotry telling, romantic, elegant, dark, enstranging, nostalgic, dreamy.
Photo styles:
I'm looking for photographers who have experience with & love for these sort of styles: Dreamy, magical realism, surrealism, film noir, fin de siecle, dark atmosphere, gothic novel, high fashion with an alternative twist, art nouveau... I like pictures which seem to tell a story, but I also like a high fashion photo just for the sake of art!
MUA & hair: Can be everything from, from sweet and romantic, classic Victorian to high fashion, theatrical or dark and edgy. I always love to see the personal input from the makeup & hair artists.
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Camera Obscura
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Crescentia Moon Photography
Stanislav Isratov, Flex Dreams
Yvette Leur YLphotography
Elmar Dam photography
Peter Kemp Photography
Sonja de Ridder
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Fred lo Cascio
Au contraire photography
Heike Suhre
Frank Brouwer
Wen Versteeg
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Ludwika (member 900637)
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heather May
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Edith de Rijk
freeke den Dulk
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Jill Dik-welter
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Trudi Nieuwerf


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09 Jun 2016
HERNDON, VA – Sotera Defense Solutions (Sotera), a provider of mission-critical, technology-based systems, solutions and services for U.S. Government programs, will be hosting our Annual Hiring Event for qualified cleared professionals. Event details:
Thursday, June 9th, 2016
2:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m.
Tysons Corner Marriott
8028 Leesburg Pike
Tysons Corner, VA 22182
The Hiring Event will take place from 2:00 pm to 7:00 pm. During the event, Sotera will have recruiters and hiring managers onsite to discuss positions with qualified cleared professionals for the following opportunities:
- .NET Developer
- All Source Analyst
- Biometrics Engineer
- Configuration Management Specialist
- Database Administrator
- Database Analyst/ Programmer
- Data Scientist
- Documentation Specialists
- Help Desk Specialist
- Help Desk Technician
- Intelligence Analyst
- Information Assurance Engineer
- Information Security Specialist
- JAVA Developer
- Network Engineer
- Software Engineer
- Software Developer
- System Engineer
- Test Engineer
- Telecom Engineer
- Technical Writer
- And more!
Our team looks forward meeting you to discuss your career and your ability to make a great impact! At Sotera, recognized as a Top 50 Government Technology Contractor by the Washington Business Journal, you will be able to put your skills to work delivering innovative, technology-based solutions that make a difference!
To express interest: You do not need to pre-register to attend the hiring event; however, pre-registration is encouraged to attend the event.
About Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc.
Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc. (Sotera) is an agile, mid-sized national security technology company that delivers innovative systems, solutions and services in support of the critical missions and programs of Civilian Agencies, Department of Defense, Intelligence Community, Department of Homeland Security, federal law enforcement agencies and other parts of the federal government charged with ensuring the safety and security of our nation. Our over 1,300 employees remain focused on delivering essential enterprise IT, cyber security systems and operations, data fusion and analytics, intelligence analysis, and C5ISR solutions to our customers throughout the Federal Government. Learn more about Sotera at www.soteradefense.com.
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768km (477 miles) SW of Paris; 196km (122 miles) SW of Toulouse
High above the banks of the Gave de Pau River, this year-round resort is a good place to pause in your trek to the Pyrénées. The British discovered Pau in the early 19th century, launching such practices as fox hunting, a custom that lingers. Even if you're just passing through, follow boulevard des Pyrénées, an esplanade erected on Napoleon's orders, for a famous panoramic view.
Pau is the most cosmopolitan city in the western Pyrénées, the capital of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département (ministate). It was once the capital of the Béarn region, the land of the kings of Navarre, the most famous and beloved of whom was Henri IV. At one time the English were 15% of the population; its population of approximately 82,000 still observes some English traditions, such as afternoon tea.


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Our 4-1 win in action and reaction
Liverpool produced another superb display to beat West Ham United 4-1 at Anfield on Saturday and LFC TV Online subscribers can now watch goals and reaction on demand.
Besides the goals and highlights, we also have the post-match views of Brendan Rodgers, Glen Johnson and Simon Mignolet plus match analysis from Gary Gillespie and Jason McAteer.
Click play below to watch the clips.
Sign up to LFCTV Online now from just £2.99 a month and get access to every kick during 2013-14 as well as reaction, interviews, press conferences, LFCTV on the go, U18s and U21s live and much, much more.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 29, 2010
|Filing date
|Nov 18, 2004
|Priority date
|Nov 18, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Vladimir Havlena, Joseph Z. Lu, Syed M. Shahed, Michael L. Rhodes, Tariq Samad
|Original Assignee
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (152), Non-Patent Citations (35), Referenced by (13), Classifications (34), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to engine exhaust systems and particularly to exhaust catalyst systems. More particularly the invention relates to catalyst units.
Spark ignition engines often use catalytic converters and oxygen sensors to help control engine emissions. A gas pedal is typically connected to a throttle that meters air into engine. That is, stepping on the pedal directly opens the throttle to allow more air into the engine. Oxygen sensors are often used to measure the oxygen level of the engine exhaust, and provide feed back to a fuel injector control to maintain the desired air/fuel ratio (AFR), typically close to a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio to achieve stoichiometric combustion. Stoichiometric combustion can allow three-way catalysts to simultaneously remove hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in attempt to meet emission requirements for the spark ignition engines.
Compression ignition engines (e.g., diesel engines) have been steadily growing in popularity. Once reserved for the commercial vehicle markets, diesel engines are now making real headway into the car and light truck markets. Partly because of this, federal regulations were passed requiring decreased emissions in diesel engines.
Many diesel engines now employ turbochargers for increased efficiency. In such systems, and unlike most spark ignition engines, the pedal is not directly connected to a throttle that meters air into engine. Instead, a pedal position is used to control the fuel rate provided to the engine by adjusting a fuel "rack", which allows more or less fuel per fuel pump shot. The air to the engine is typically controlled by the turbocharger, often a variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT) or waste-gate turbocharger.
Traditional diesel engines can suffer from a mismatch between the air and fuel that is provided to the engine, particularly since there is often a time delay between when the operator moves the pedal, i.e., injecting more fuel, and when the turbocharger spins-up to provide the additional air required to produced the desired air-fuel ratio. To shorten this "turbo-lag", a throttle position sensor (fuel rate sensor) is often added and fed back to the turbocharger controller to increase the natural turbo acceleration, and consequently the air flow to the engine.
The pedal position is often used as an input to a static map, which is used in the fuel injector control loop. Stepping on the pedal increases the fuel flow in a manner dictated by the static map. In some cases, the diesel engine contains an air-fuel ratio (AFR) estimator, which is based on input parameters such as fuel injector flow and intake manifold air flow, to estimate when the AFR is low enough to expect smoke to appear in the exhaust, at which point the fuel flow is reduced. The airflow is often managed by the turbocharger, which provides an intake manifold pressure and an intake manifold flow rate for each driving condition.
In diesel engines, there are typically no sensors in the exhaust stream analogous to that found in spark ignition engines. Thus, control over the combustion is often performed in an "open-loop" manner, which often relies on engine maps to generate set points for the intake manifold parameters that are favorable for acceptable exhaust emissions. As such, engine air-side control is often an important part of overall engine performance and in meeting exhaust emission requirements. In many cases, control of the turbocharger and EGR systems are the primary components in controlling the emission levels of a diesel engine.
Most diesel engines do not have emissions component sensors. One reason for the lack of emissions component sensors in diesel engines is that combustion is about twice as lean as spark ignition engines. As such, the oxygen level in the exhaust is often at a level where standard emission sensors do not provide useful information. At the same time, diesel engines may burn too lean for conventional three-way catalysts.
After-treatment is often needed to help clean up diesel engine exhaust. After-treatment often includes a "flow through oxidation" catalyst. Typically, such systems do not have any controls. Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and most significantly those hydrocarbons that are adsorbed on particulates can sometimes be cleaned up when the conditions are right. Other after-treatment systems include particulate filters. However, these filters must often be periodically cleaned, often by injecting a slug of catalytic material with the fuel. The control of this type of after-treatment may be based on a pressure sensor or on distance traveled, often in an open loop manner.
Practical NOx reduction methods presently pose a technology challenge and particulate traps often require regeneration. As a consequence, air flow, species concentrations, and temperature should be managed in some way in order to minimize diesel emission levels.
Development of exhaust catalyst systems has been useful for meeting engine emissions requirements around the world. There has been a need for emission reduction efficiency and improved fuel economy in such developed catalyst systems.
The present invention addresses a reduction of the total amount of catalyst (i.e., precious metal) needed in exhaust gas catalyst system to provide a needed NOx/SOx removal efficiency. The invention involves a multi-element catalyst that may be integrated with regeneration relative to a catalyst element configuration.
In the present description, please note that much of the material may be of a hypothetical or prophetic nature even though stated in apparent matter-of-fact language. The present catalyst system may include controlled regeneration resulting in a reduction of precious metal use and of fuel consumption of the engine incorporating the system. In a monolithic catalytic NOx removal system, the effectiveness of a catalyst may be reduced along a direction of the flow of exhaust gases. To achieve a required average NOx removal (e.g., 90 percent) with a periodic pattern of catalyst usage, (e.g., a 60 second NOx adsorption mode/5 second regeneration mode), some amount of precious metal may be needed. If the total volume of the catalyst is split into "n+1" elements, with "n" elements in the exhaust gas stream used in an NOx adsorption mode and one element regenerated, and the arrangement of the elements is periodically reshufffled, the total amount of the precious metal needed may be significantly reduced. By monitoring NOx emissions, switching times and regeneration parameters may be optimized to result in reduced fuel consumption of the engine. Reference may be made to "fluid" which may be either a gas or liquid.
There may be several alternative mechanical configurations (based on switching the flow by valves or rotation of the catalyst elements), that may provide the above-noted operability. Exhaust gases may pass through "n" cleaning segments, and an "n+1" element may be regenerated. The manifold may be laid out to provide controlled flow distribution. A control system may monitor an average performance and provide control over the element configuration in the exhaust gas and regeneration streams.
In one example, NOx sensors may be provided at an inlet and outlet of an after-treatment system. These sensors may be used to determine the degree of loading of the catalyst so that a regenerated segment may be brought into the exhaust gas flow and a loaded segment be brought into the regeneration flow. In another example, only one NOx sensor might be provided, for instance at the outlet, and its reading may be used to determine when to reconfigure the multi-element catalyst. Alternatively, a combination of sensors and numerical models may be used to determine the NOx loading (adsorption site depletion) of each catalyst element.
In still another example, the state of regeneration of the element under regeneration may be monitored. Once a sufficient state is reached, then the regeneration may be halted. Since regeneration in many cases could require the burning of excess fuel, the fuel efficiency of the after-treatment may be improved.
In yet another example, the "multi-element" catalyst may be a continuously rotating device, with a speed and/or phasing of rotation matched to the effectiveness of the catalyst, and controlled through the sensing of NOx and possibly other parameters with or without supplementary use of mathematical models, such as, for example, one or more models of the regeneration process.
In the present system, the number elements may be as few as two. There is not necessarily an upper limit except as restricted by technological capabilities available at the time of application of the system.
The engines dealt with relative to the present system may be the diesel engines (or lean-burn gasoline/natural gas or alternate fuel engines). For such engines, the most significant pollutants to control may be particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and sulfur (SOx). An example catalyst system is shown in
A catalytic diesel particulate filter (CDPF) 14 may be connected to the output of the NAC 13. Filter 14 may provide physical filtration of the exhaust to trap particulates. Whenever the temperature window is appropriate, then oxidation of the trapped particulate matter (PM) may take place.
In addition to the 60/2-5 second lean/rich swing for NOx adsorption/desorption reduction, there may be other "forced" events. They are desulfurization and PM burn-off. The NOx adsorption sites may get saturated with SOx. So periodically the SOx should be driven off which may require a much higher temperature than needed for NOx desorption. As to PM burn-off, there may be a "forced" burn-off if driving conditions (such as long periods of low speed or urban operation) result in excessive PM accumulation. The accumulation period may be several hours depending on the duty cycle of operation. The clean up may be several minutes (about 10). Higher temperatures and a reasonable oxygen level may be required.
It can be seen that the above-noted catalytic system may involve a complex chemical reaction process. This process may utilize a control of flows and temperatures by a computer.
Fuel injection systems may be designed to provide injection events, such as the pre-event 35, pilot event 36, main event 37, after event 38 and post event 39, in that order of time, as shown in the graph of injection rate control in
In some cases when the temperature during expansion is very low (as under light load conditions), the post injection fuel may go out as raw fuel and become difficult to manage using the pre-catalyst 12. Under such conditions, two post injections 44 and 43 may be used—one to raise temperatures early in the expansion stroke and the second to raise it further for use in downstream catalyst processes. There could be an impact on the fuel economy of the engine.
One aspect of the present system may be based on information from process control. Normally in a catalytic flow system, the effectiveness of a catalyst may be reduced exponentially along the direction of flow as shown in
Another aspect of the present system may be a segmented or sectioned NAC 13. The NAC may be divided into "n" sections. As an illustrative example, a three section NAC with intelligent control valves 51 is shown in
System 13 may have sensors for detecting pressure, temperature, flow, NOx, SOx, and other parameters, situated in various locations of the system as desired and/or needed. The sensors may be connected to processor 52. Exhaust gases 55 may enter an inlet 56, go through several segments 15, 16 and or 17, and then exit outlet 57. A regeneration fluid 54 may come through an inlet 53 to be directed by valves 51 to the segment or chamber that is to be regenerated.
Another illustrative example, shown in
Intake 63 may convey a regeneration fluid 54 through a segment 26 for cleaning out the collected pollutants from the exhaust 55. An outlet 64 may provide for an exit of the cleaning or oxidizing fluid 54 from segment 26. The catalyst segments may be rotated to switch in another segment for regeneration. For instance, after the sixth segment 26 is regenerated, then the first segment 21 may be moved in and regenerated, and the exhaust may flow through the second to sixth segments 22-26. This rotation may continue with the second segment 22 being regenerated and the exhaust flowing through the remaining segments, and so on. Structure 65 may mechanically support the rotation of the segments and be a support for manifolds 19 and 58. Also, structure 65 may include a manifold and support of the input 63 and output 64 for the regeneration with fluid 54 of the segment in place for the regeneration. An analysis for the configuration 18 of the NAC 13 is noted below.
An aspect of the present system is the NOx regeneration (i.e., removal) or cleansing. The NOx regeneration process may be one of desorption and catalytic reduction of NOx by CO and HC (unburnt hydrocarbons) under controlled temperature, controlled CO and HC concentration and near-zero free oxygen conditions. Generally, in ordinary systems, all of the exhaust may be heated and the oxygen used up for short periods of time (about 2 to 5 seconds) at frequent intervals (every 60 seconds or so). In the present system, the regeneration flow may be independent of the exhaust flow. Regeneration flow may consist of controlled 1) diverted exhaust, 2) diverted EGR flow from upstream of the turbine, 3) fresh air diverted from the intake, or 4) fresh air supplied from an independent source. A control system for catalyst flow processes may thus be linked to a control system for the air/EGR flow processes, controlled by a VNT (variable nozzle turbine) turbocharger. Only a small portion of flow may be needed. Therefore, the amount of fuel needed to increase the temperature and use up all of the oxygen may be likewise very small. Thus, the impact on the fuel economy may be reduced significantly. Fuel may be burnt in commercially available burners (e.g., such burners for use in diesel exhaust may have been developed both for passenger car and heavy duty truck applications), or with the use of a small "pre-catalyst".
Additionally, because regeneration flow rates are small, space velocity may be low and the efficiency of NOx reduction may be high. Space velocity is a measure of gas volume flow rate/catalyst volume. Higher space velocity for a given temperature and chemistry may usually mean lower catalyst efficiency. Diverted flow may be controlled to be a very low flow rate and may result in high efficiency for NOx desorption and reduction. One other benefit may deal with PM emissions. The state of the process of after-injection may result in very high PM emissions. These emissions may be trapped in the downstream CDPF 14, but this frequent high dose of PM may represent high back pressure, more forced CDPF regenerations—both of which may impose a fuel economy penalty. Thus, there may be more fuel saving to be had with the use of a controlled regeneration process, independent of the main exhaust flow rate. Previously, parallel flow paths may have been considered. One path may be trapping/catalyzing while the other is regenerating. This approach may make the regeneration process independent of the exhaust flow rate but may double the size of the catalyst. However, the present system may reduce the size of the catalyst to a size of "1/n". There may be asymmetric flow paths.
Another aspect of the present system may be of the pre-catalyst 12. During an emissions test cycle, the first about 100 seconds of operation may be responsible for about 85 percent of the emissions, because during this time the catalyst may be too cold to be effective. The pre-catalyst may serve several functions—a fast warm-up of the catalytic system, and exhaust temperature and composition control by oxidizing unburnt fuel of secondary or post injections. The parallel regeneration flow stream described in a noted aspect of the present system may also be used for fast warm-up. The exhaust may be controlled to flow through one section of the NAC 13 during startup, while the other two sections are being heated to a desired temperature using very low flow rates resulting in a low fuel penalty. The pre-catalyst 12 may be eliminated. If instead of a burner, a catalytic device is used in the regeneration stream, then the size of the catalyst may be greatly reduced because of the low flow rates.
Still another aspect of the present system may involve SOx regeneration. Sulfur is present in diesel fuel. Oxides of sulfur may occupy the sites that the NOx would have occupied. Therefore, over a period of time, SOx poisoning may render the NAC 13 ineffective. SOx may be driven off by temperatures higher than those needed for NOx regeneration. With control of the regeneration temperature, independently of the exhaust temperature of the main flow rate, it may be possible to re-optimize the SOx/NOx regeneration process to occur in overlapping temperature windows.
Another aspect of the present system may involve CDPF regeneration. A particulate filter 67 at the tail end of the catalytic process may be a device to physically filter, trap and oxidize PM 66. It may continuously trap and oxidize—depending on the duty cycle/temperatures. Under prolonged light load driving conditions, the CDPF 14 may continuously accumulate trapped PM 66 without regeneration. This may impose a high back pressure and fuel economy penalty on the engine. "Forced regeneration" may have to be used imposing its own fuel penalty. In the present system, the CDPF 14 may be designed with segments, sections or chambers 68 and 69 like those of NAC 13 in
Under normal conditions, within a range of CDPF 14 self-cleaning temperatures, flow conditions may be like those of the CDPF as in
Applications of the present system may be with heavy duty diesel engines since they seem to be more sensitive to fuel economy than other kinds of engines. With ratios of catalyst/trap volumes to engine displacements being about 3 to 1, a 12 liter on-highway diesel engine may need 36 liters of catalyst. Other applications may include light trucks and passenger vehicles. The control box may communicate with the fuel controller on a similar level.
A model of a six-segmented catalyst, e.g., configuration 18 of the NAC 13 mentioned above and shown in
The performance of a multi-segment rotating catalyst is shown in
For the six-segment filter as noted above, the filter area of the catalyst is reduced to 0.9 and performance checked as shown by
An NOx removal model may be established. ci may be the concentration of NOx (normalized to 1=maximum input); ni may be the number of adsorption sites (normalized to 1=fresh after regeneration); the catalyst may be divided into 5+1 elements/10 slices in each element; the residence time in each slice dx may be dt; diffusion and desorption may be neglected; the regeneration time may be 5 seconds; and a simple 1st order model may be used. The formulae may include:
n i(t+dt)=n i(t)−k n n i(t)c i(t)dt; and
c i+1(t=dt)=c i(t)−k c n i(t)c i(t)dt.
There may be an impact of geometry of the catalyst model. For a geometry 1 or first geometry, the "thick" aspect ratio, kn, kc may be calibrated given an initial output (NOx=0.01) for a fully regenerated catalyst, and an average output NOx to trigger a regeneration (NOx=0.1) after a 60 second period. For a geometry 2 or second geometry, the "thin" aspect ratio, kn, kc may be calibrated given an initial output (NOx=0.001) for a fully regenerated catalyst, and an average output (NOx_avg=0.1) to trigger a regeneration after a 60 second period. The geometry 1 versus geometry 2 may be a different ratio between kn, kc, relative to depletion of the catalyst per unit NOx removed.
One may note the reference and rotatory geometries illustrated in
Although the invention has been described with respect to at least one illustrative embodiment, many variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification. It is therefore the intention that the appended claims be interpreted as broadly as possible in view of the prior art to include all such variations and modifications.
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|Cooper Technology Services, Llc
|Integrated EGR valve and cooler
|Dec 21, 2001
|Dec 30, 2003
|Daimlerchrysler Corporation
|Efficiency-based engine, powertrain and vehicle control
|Jul 30, 2002
|Jan 6, 2004
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Coordinated control of electronic throttle and variable geometry turbocharger in boosted stoichiometric spark ignition engines
|Mar 16, 2000
|Jan 20, 2004
|Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
|Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine
|Mar 28, 2002
|Feb 3, 2004
|Saskatchewan Research Council
|Neural control system and method for alternatively fueled engines
|Jul 3, 2001
|Mar 16, 2004
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Control system for electric assisted turbocharger
|Apr 26, 2002
|Jun 1, 2004
|Engelhard Corporation
|Method for determining catalyst cool down temperature
|Sep 6, 2002
|Jul 6, 2004
|Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Exhaust emission control device of engine
|Jan 16, 2004
|Sep 14, 2004
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Engine control system
|Jul 11, 2002
|Nov 23, 2004
|Fleetguard, Inc.
|Adsorber aftertreatment system having downstream soot filter
|Feb 10, 2003
|Nov 30, 2004
|Daimlerchrysler Ag
|Method and device for treating diesel exhaust gas
|Nov 13, 2002
|Nov 30, 2004
|General Electric Company
|Adaptive model-based control systems and methods for controlling a gas turbine
|May 19, 2003
|Dec 7, 2004
|Denso Corporation
|Exhaust gas recirculation system having cooler
|May 14, 2001
|Dec 7, 2004
|Mecel Aktiebolag
|Method in connection with engine control
|Dec 16, 2002
|Jan 24, 2006
|Illinois Valley Holding Co.
|Apparatus and method for filtering particulate and reducing NOx emissions
|Aug 31, 2001
|Apr 18, 2006
|Starfire Systems, Inc.
|Filter system and particulate filter unit therefor
|Dec 20, 2002
|May 30, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|High temperature nanofilter, system and method
|Jun 24, 2004
|Feb 6, 2007
|Caterpillar Inc
|Filter system
|Nov 30, 2000
|Jun 7, 2001
|Yoshihiro Majima
|Controller for internal combustion engine
|Sep 4, 2001
|Mar 14, 2002
|Engelhard Corporation
|System for reducing NOx transient emission
|Sep 28, 2001
|May 16, 2002
|Tobias Flamig-Vetter
|Method of operating a diesel internal combustion engine
|Dec 10, 2001
|Jun 20, 2002
|Johannes Kuenstler
|Method for regenerating a diesel particulate filter
|Nov 15, 2001
|Jul 25, 2002
|Cataler Corporation
|Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas
|Apr 12, 2002
|Nov 21, 2002
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Apparatus and method for controlling air-fuel ratio of engine
|May 16, 2002
|Nov 21, 2002
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Exhaust emission control system for internal combustion engine
|Jun 11, 2001
|Dec 12, 2002
|Lewis Donald James
|System & method for controlling the air / fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine
|Jul 17, 2002
|Dec 26, 2002
|Leslie Bromberg
|Emission abatement system utilizing particulate traps
|Jul 26, 2001
|Jan 30, 2003
|Sharon Liu
|Coordinated control for a powertrain with a continuously variable transmission
|Jul 17, 2002
|Mar 6, 2003
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|An air-fuel ratio feedback control apparatus
|Oct 31, 2002
|May 15, 2003
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Exhaust emission control apparatus of internal combustion engine and control method of the same
|Dec 3, 2002
|Jun 5, 2003
|Ralph Dalla Betta
|System and methods for improved emission control of internal combustion engines
|Dec 21, 2001
|Jun 26, 2003
|Cari Michael J.
|Efficiency-based engine, powertrain and vehicle control
|Jan 29, 2003
|Jul 31, 2003
|Lyon Kim M.
|Mechatronic vehicle powertrain control system
|May 15, 2001
|Aug 7, 2003
|Gholamabas Esteghlal
|Method for operating an internal combustion engine
|Dec 23, 2002
|Aug 14, 2003
|Jong-Hoe Huh
|Device for varying the fuel-air mixture flow to an engine
|May 14, 2001
|Sep 18, 2003
|Jan Nytomt
|Method in connection with engine control
|Apr 17, 2003
|Oct 23, 2003
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Vehicle Control
|Apr 4, 2003
|Nov 20, 2003
|Gerhard Fehl
|Method and device for controlling an engine
|Jun 4, 2002
|Dec 4, 2003
|Ford Global Technologies, Inc.
|Method and system of adaptive learning for engine exhaust gas sensors
|Mar 14, 2003
|Dec 4, 2003
|Yasuki Tamura
|Exhaust emission control apparatus for internal combustion engine
|May 23, 2003
|Jan 15, 2004
|Makki Imad Hassan
|System and method for controlling an engine
|Jul 8, 2003
|Jan 15, 2004
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fuel injection amount control apparatus and method of internal combustion
|Jul 11, 2002
|Jan 15, 2004
|Poola Ramesh B.
|Electronically-controlled late cycle air injection to achieve simultaneous reduction of NOx and particulates emissions from a diesel engine
|Aug 7, 2002
|Feb 12, 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Fuel delivery system for an internal combustion engine
|Aug 13, 2002
|Feb 19, 2004
|Folkerts Charles Henry
|Powertrain control system
|Sep 3, 2003
|Mar 4, 2004
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Air fuel ratio controller for internal combustion engine for stopping calculation of model parameters when engine is in lean operation
|Aug 31, 2002
|Mar 4, 2004
|Beutel Tilman Wolfram
|Emission control system for vehicles powered by diesel engines
|May 6, 2003
|Mar 18, 2004
|Betta Ralph Dalla
|System and methods for improved emission control of internal combustion engines using pulsed fuel flow
|Sep 17, 2003
|Mar 25, 2004
|Mazda Motor Corporation
|Exhaust gas purifying device for engine
|Oct 1, 2002
|Apr 1, 2004
|Roberts Charles E.
|Use of a variable valve actuation system to control the exhaust gas temperature and space velocity of aftertreatment system feedgas
|Oct 10, 2003
|Apr 22, 2004
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Exhaust emission control system and method
|Nov 12, 2002
|May 13, 2004
|Woodward Governor Company
|Apparatus for air/fuel ratio control
|Oct 2, 2003
|Jun 17, 2004
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Throttle opening degree control apparatus for internal combustion engine
|Dec 20, 2002
|Jun 24, 2004
|Deere & Company, A Delaware Corporation
|Control system and method for turbocharged throttled engine
|Jun 11, 2003
|Jul 1, 2004
|Andres David J.
|Engine control strategies
|Jul 25, 2003
|Jul 8, 2004
|Noritake Mitsutani
|Apparatus and method for controlling internal combustion engine
|Dec 29, 2003
|Jul 15, 2004
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Internal combustion engine driven with change-over of compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, and boost status
|Jan 13, 2003
|Jul 15, 2004
|Nagy Louis L.
|Apparatus and method for sensing particle accumulation in a medium
|Jan 17, 2003
|Jul 22, 2004
|Dannie Zhu
|System and method for predicting concentration of undesirable exhaust emissions from an engine
|Jan 16, 2003
|Jul 22, 2004
|Fisher C. Ross
|Emission control valve for gas-fueled engines
|Jun 21, 2002
|Nov 4, 2004
|Steven Brillant
|Method of desulfation of nox-adsorbers
|Jun 4, 2004
|Dec 9, 2004
|John Meaney
|System and method for real time programmability of an engine control unit
|Jul 31, 2001
|Feb 28, 2002
|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|Treatment of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, especially a Diesel engine, involves using a particle filter that can be regenerated without reducing suction zone pressure or engine specific power
|Apr 30, 2002
|Nov 7, 2002
|Denso Corp
|Internal combustion engine controller computes air system control parameter as factor that causes changes in air quantity fed to cylinder using desired air quantity and/or induction pressure
|Aug 6, 1998
|Feb 10, 2000
|Volkswagen Ag
|Vehicle exhaust gas treatment unit with reversible gas flow-path controlled temperature profile, for reduction and degradation of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide
|Dec 21, 2001
|Mar 8, 2006
|Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
|Fuel injection control for diesel engine
|"SCR, 400-csi Coated Catalyst," Leading NOx Control Technologies Status Summary, 1 page prior to the filing date of the present application.
|Advanced Petroleum-Based Fuels-Diesel Emissions Control (APBF-DEC) Project, "Quarterly Update," No. 7, 6 pages, Fall 2002.
|Allanson, et al., "Optimizing the Low Temperature Performance and Regeneration Efficiency of the Continuously Regenerating Diesel Particulate Filter System," SAE Paper No. 2002-01-0428, 8 pages, Mar. 2002.
|Amstuz, et al., "EGO Sensor Based Robust Output Control of EGR in Diesel Engines," IEEE TCST, vol. 3, No. 1, 12 pages, Mar. 1995.
|Bemporad, et al., "Explicit Model Predictive Control," 1 page, prior to filed of present application.
|Borrelli, "Constrained Optimal Control of Linear and Hybrid Systems," Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol. 290, 2003.
|Catalytica Energy Systems, "Innovative NOx Reduction Solutions for Diesel Engines," 13 pages, 3rd Quarter, 2003.
|Chatterjee, et al. "Catalytic Emission Control for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines," JM, 46 pages, prior to filing date of present application.
|Delphi, Delphi Diesel NOx Trap (DNT), 3 pages, Feb. 2004.
|GM "Advanced Diesel Technology and Emissions," powertrain technologies-engines, 2 pages, prior to filing date of present application.
|GM "Advanced Diesel Technology and Emissions," powertrain technologies—engines, 2 pages, prior to filing date of present application.
|Guzzella, et al., "Control of Diesel Engines," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, pp. 53-71, Oct. 1998.
|Havelena, "Componentized Architecture for Advanced Process Management," Honeywell International, 42 pages, 2004.
|Hiranuma, et al., "Development of DPF System for Commercial Vehicle-Basic Characteristic and Active Regeneration Performance," SAE Paper No. 2003-01-3182, Mar. 2003.
|Hiranuma, et al., "Development of DPF System for Commercial Vehicle—Basic Characteristic and Active Regeneration Performance," SAE Paper No. 2003-01-3182, Mar. 2003.
|Honeywell, "Profit Optimizer A Distributed Quadratic Program (DQP) Concepts Reference," 48 pages, prior to filing date of present application.
|http://www.not2fast.wryday.com/turbo/glossary/turbo-glossary.shtml, "Not2Fast: Turbo Glossary," 22 pages, printed Oct. 1, 2004.
|http://www.not2fast.wryday.com/turbo/glossary/turbo—glossary.shtml, "Not2Fast: Turbo Glossary," 22 pages, printed Oct. 1, 2004.
|http://www.tai-cwv.com/sbl106.0.html, "Technical Overview- Advanced Control Solutions," 6 pages, printed Sep. 9, 2004.
|Kelly, et al. "Reducing Soot Emissions from Diesel Engines Using One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma," SAE Paper No. 2003-01-1183, Mar. 2003.
|Kolmanovsky, et al., "Issues in Modeling and Control of Intake Flow in Variable Geometry Turbocharged Engines", 18th IFIP Conf. System Modeling and Optimization, pp. 436-445, Jul. 1997.
|Kulhavy, et al. "Emerging Technologies for Enterprise Optimization in the Process Industries," Honeywell, 12 pages, Dec. 2000.
|Locker, et al., "Diesel Particulate Filter Operational Characterization," Corning Incorporated, 10 pages, prior to filing date of present application.
|Lu "Challenging Control Problems and Engineering Technologies in Enterprise Optimization," Honeywell Hi-Spec Solutions, 30 pages, Jun. 4-6, 2001.
|Moore, "Living with Cooled-EGR Engines," Prevention Illustrated, 3 pages, Oct. 3, 2004.
|National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), "Diesel Emissions Control- Sulfur Effects Project (DECSE) Summary of Reports," U.S. Department of Energy, 19 pages, Feb. 2002.
|Salvat, et al., "Passenger Car Serial Application of a Particulate Filter System on a Common Rail Direct Injection Engine," SAE Paper No. 2000-01-0473, 14 pages, Feb. 2000.
|Shamma, et al. "Approximate Set-Valued Obeservers for Nonlinear Systems," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 42, No. 5, May 1997.
|Soltis, "Current Status of NOx Sensor Development," Workshop on Sensor Needs and Requirements for PEM Fuel Cell Systems and Direct-Injection Engines, 9 pages, Jan. 25-26, 2000.
|Stefanopoulou, et al., "Control of Variable Geometry Turbocharged Diesel Engines for Reduced Emissions," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 733-745, Jul. 2000.
|Storset, et al., "Air Charge Estimation for Turbocharged Diesel Engines," vol. 1 Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 8 pages, Jun. 28-30, 2000.
|The MathWorks, "Model-Based Calibration Toolbox 2.1 Calibrate complex powertrain systems," 4 pages, printed prior to filing date of present application.
|The MathWorks, "Model-Based Calibration Toolbox 2.1.2," 2 pages, prior to filing date of present application.
|Theiss, "Advanced Reciprocating Engine System (ARES) Activities at the Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory," U.S. Department of Energy, 13 pages, Apr. 14, 2004.
|Zenlenka, et al., "An Active Regeneration as a Key Element for Safe Particulate Trap Use," SAE Paper No. 2001-0103199, 13 pages, Feb. 2001.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 8, 2011
|Sep 11, 2012
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Configurable automotive controller
|Sep 29, 2009
|Jan 1, 2013
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Exhaust-gas aftertreatment system
|Jan 18, 2012
|Jan 29, 2013
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Engine controller
|Jun 2, 2010
|Aug 6, 2013
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Using model predictive control to optimize variable trajectories and system control
|Sep 24, 2009
|Dec 31, 2013
|Honeywell International, Inc.
|Method and system for updating tuning parameters of a controller
|Dec 17, 2013
|Oct 27, 2015
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Method and system for updating tuning parameters of a controller
|Apr 30, 2013
|Feb 7, 2017
|Haldor Topsoe A/S
|Method and system for the removal of particulate matter soot, ash and heavy metals from engine exhaust gas
|Nov 4, 2011
|May 16, 2017
|Honeywell spol.s.r.o.
|Engine and aftertreatment optimization system
|Sep 19, 2011
|Jun 13, 2017
|Honeywell Spol, S.R.O.
|Coordinated engine and emissions control system
|Sep 29, 2009
|Apr 15, 2010
|Ford Global Technologies, Llc
|Exhaust-gas aftertreatment system
|Apr 30, 2013
|Feb 25, 2016
|Haldor Tops�e A/S
|Method and system for the removal of particulate matter soot, ash and heavy metals from engine exhaust gas
|Dec 22, 2010
|Aug 27, 2013
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Pedal position and/or pedal change rate for use in control of an engine
|Apr 30, 2013
|Dec 2, 2015
|Method and system for the removal of particulate matter soot, ash and heavy metals from engine exhaust gas
|U.S. Classification
|60/295, 60/296, 60/288, 60/286, 60/274, 60/298, 60/324, 60/292, 60/297, 60/291, 60/287
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 16, 2004
Owner name: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HAVLENA, VLADIMIR;LU, JOSEPH Z.;SHAHED, SYED M.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015461/0453;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041020 TO 20041104
Owner name: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.,NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HAVLENA, VLADIMIR;LU, JOSEPH Z.;SHAHED, SYED M.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041020 TO 20041104;REEL/FRAME:015461/0453
|Nov 26, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
I don't know html.
Would like to pay someone to code one of the cm templates.
How much should I pay?
Who do you suggest?
Need it in the next few days.
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text:
Kathy Richardson
- YNHS honors local vetsyouarecurrent.comIndiana , Vietnam , Supt , Noblesville
- Planning underway for potential expansion of city recycling collectionljworld.com
- Lawrence City Commission to discuss possible expansion of city recycling collectionljworld.com
- Paris selectmen remove Janet Jamison from three postsadvertiserdemocrat.com
- Commissioners vote to abolish county's board of voter registrationcurrentincarmel.com
- Indiana Republicans Keep Blocking Early Voting In A Major Democratic Countyhuffingtonpost.comHamilton , Indianapolis , Marion , Indiana
- No proof of Russian hacking in Indiana voting systemscurrentincarmel.com
- Incumbents, newcomers face off at Paris' Candidate Nightadvertiserdemocrat.comAugsburg , Oxford Hills , Norway , Paris
- Four square off in Paris selectman raceadvertiserdemocrat.com
- Carmel High School Alumni Association cancels banquetcurrentincarmel.com
- MDigital memorial to military personnel killed in Vietnam continues to growmynbc5.com
- Household Hazardous Waste Center gets bad stuff out of city, countyljworld.comLecompton , Baldwin City , Douglas , Canada
- Continuous campaign: History suggests referendum will pass, but CCS, PAC officials take nothing for grantedcurrentincarmel.comHome Place , Supt , Indiana
- Year-round yard waste collection and other trash and recycling changes to begin in May; other sustainability efforts on the wayljworld.com
- Too much money … Paris Board of Selectmen discusses how to spend itadvertiserdemocrat.com
- Hamilton County's state legislators update OneZone on general sessioncurrentinfishers.com
- Indiana House GOP seeks hourly fee for public records searchesThe Toledo Blade
- Paris eyes first responder billingadvertiserdemocrat.com
- Popular Mobile golf course vandalized days before it was to reopenal.com
Frequent names
Newstral's extraction of names of people and organisations from the world's news is completely automated. If you do not want your name to appear here, please contact us. We will be happy to look at your request.


text:
2017 From the Ground Up Farm Tour Series
From the Ground Up Spring Farm Tours: May 17 (9-11 am), June 19 (5:45-7:45 pm)
From the Ground Up Summer Farm Tours: July 19 (9-11 am), August 21 (5:45-7:45 pm)
From the Ground Up Fall Farm Tours: September 18 (5:45-7:45 pm), October 18 (9-11 am)
A leaf of lettuce has quite a journey to get to your salad plate. It's not just miles that it travels—though lettuce can travel more than 2,000 miles if it's not grown locally—but the transformation it makes from seed to food and the way it interacts with the soil biology that's pretty amazing. On the Elmwood Stock Farm From the Ground Up Farm Tours, visitors will view this sixth-generation, organic, family farm in Georgetown, Ky., to understand how food gets to your plate without the use of chemical pesticides. The tour is not just about the lettuce, either! There are chickens, cows, pigs, turkeys and sheep to see; about 40 other vegetable varieties to talk about; and all of the farm's wildlife, beneficial insects, bird life and soil life to explore. Home gardeners, too, will learn new ideas to put to work themselves.
"We want to do these 'From the Ground Up' Farm Tours because we really want people to learn about what they're eating, how that food is grown, who grows it, and how their food choices affect their own health and the health of their communities," says Elmwood Stock Farm's Mac Stone. "Last year's Daytime Tour and Culinary Farm Tour Series drew dozens of people interested in the health, ecology and economy of locally grown, organic food, and we are building on that for the farm tours this year."
Mac will lead the From the Ground Up Farm Tours on three Wednesday mornings and three Monday evenings through the spring, summer and fall. (See the dates at the top of this page.) Anyone who knows Mac knows that these tours will be educational but also entertaining, full of Mac's personal stories from years of working in agriculture.
There is a limit to the number of guests we can host in our small-group farm-tour setting, so preregistration is required for every event. Elmwood Stock Farm CSA members and children under the age of 12 receive free or discount tickets to our farm tours. Click on the links below to preregister.
More dates and special events may be added to the From the Ground Up Farm Tours lineup as the season progresses. Follow Elmwood Stock Farm on Facebook, like Elmwood Stock Farm on Instagram, and sign up for Elmwood Stock Farm's biweekly e-newsletter for updates.
Book Your Own Farm Tour
If you would like to take a tour of Elmwood Stock Farm apart from a regularly scheduled tour, please contact us at least two weeks ahead of your preferred date so we can set up a guided tour that can be customized for your group. Our farmers are also available for speaking engagements off the farm—bringing our message to town—for neighborhood, civic, church and community groups.
Some of the topics that can be covered on our farm tours include:
- General farm tours
- Organic plant production
- Organic, pasture-raised livestock and poultry (chickens, turkeys, sheep, cattle and pigs)
- Seasonal eating
- Trees of the Bluegrass region
- Insects (good and bad!) on the farm


text:
An Illinois prosecutor is trying to fight the opioid epidemic by taking drug companies to court.
Thursday, St. Clair County State's Attorney, Brendan Kelly, filled a lawsuit against Purdue Pharma and Abbott Laboratories. The companies made and sold powerful painkillers.
The lawsuit alleges those companies knew how dangerous and addictive their drugs were, but misled the public about the safest way to use them.
"There's a direct connection between this industry's choice to push these drugs past what they should be used for, and what we're seeing in terms of heroin overdoses, fentanyl overdoses and any number of opioid-based pain issues," Kelly said.
He said millions of hydrocodone and oxycodone pills have been prescribed in St. Clair County per year, far more than the number of residents. He filed the lawsuit on behalf of St. Clair County and the state of Illinois.
Prosecutors in other community around the country have filed similar lawsuits.
"This lawsuit isn't just about recuperating the cost for the taxpayer, it's about getting the pharmaceutical, the manufacturer, to become part of the solution instead of contributing to the problem," he said.
A spokesperson from Purdue Pharma sent a statement in response to the lawsuit by email Thursday:
"We share public officials' concerns about the opioid crisis and we are committed to working collaboratively to find solutions. OxyContin accounts for only 2% of the opioid analgesic prescription market nationally, but we are an industry leader in the development of abuse-deterrent technology and advocating for the use of prescription drug monitoring programs."
Abbott also responded to a request for comment by email. A spokesman wrote:
Abbott no longer sells any pharmaceuticals in the U.S. and discontinued co-promotion with Purdue nearly 14 years ago. Abbott is fully indemnified by Purdue for this matter.


text:
Support group for people who have Eye Allergy and Withdrawal Syndrome, created by eHealthMe (http://www.eHealthMe.com). To join the group, do any of these: create a post to introduce yourself, ask a question, or simply follow the group.
Eye Allergy and Withdrawal Syndrome - from FDA and social media
A study of people who have Eye Allergy and Withdrawal Syndrome, conducted by eHealthMe with data from FDA and social media (http://www.ehealthme.com/cs/eye+allergy/withdrawal+syndrome). It analyzes who these people are, conditions they have and drugs they take. The study is updated periodically.
Wiki created 2 years 3 months ago


text:
Share Thread:
Andre Ethier PC The Real Thread
07-24-2012, 02:56 PM (This post was last modified: 07-24-2012 02:59 PM by alexs64.)
Post: #80
RE: Andre Ethier PC The Real Thread
(07-23-2012 12:20 PM)1969metsfan Wrote: Not at all! Only one of my three baseball boards I can get on at work. I'm sure my employers will figure out a way for me to get past the filters so I can enjoy the other two. I'll start holding my breath on that in three....two....one......
Still holding it? LOL
(07-23-2012 05:22 PM)mcleodfive Wrote: What a sweet collection!! Hope to get my Heyward collection to this one day... Doubt it lol
However it turns out I wish you the best for your Heyward PC. As well as with any others you decide to start. I appreciate the kind words.
(07-23-2012 08:56 PM)prymetyme1035 Wrote: damn man your Ethier collection is one of the best player collections i have ever seen
Thanks man, I try. LOL. By the way your Hanson PC is not lacking one bit. It is super nice!
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text:
Shen Build Guide by GristlyLime
This build has been archived and is for historical display only.
PLEASE NOTE: This build has been archived by the author. They are no longer supporting nor updating this build and it may have become outdated. As such, voting and commenting have been disabled and it no longer appears in regular search results.
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Shen jungle
Shen Build
Starting Items
Essential Item
Offensive Items
Defensive vs. AD
Defensive vs. AP
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Threats to Shen with this build
|Early game you might not win a 1v1 or 2v2, but when you get level 6, you can easily countergank. This might not happen everytime, because his ult cooldown is about a minute lower than yours.


text:
Buried in Lincoln Cemetery, Lebo, Coffey Co., KS.
Died: June 7, 1900
After several weeks of severe suffering David E. Given gave up life's struggles at his home in South Lebo, Kansas, June 7th, 1900, in the 62d year of his age. He was born Oct. 7, 1838, in New York Co., Pa. In the fall of 1864 he enlisted at his country's call in the 3d Pa. Cav. From which he received an honorable discharge at the close of the civil war. He came to Kansas in 1867 and located at Abilene in this state, from which place he came to this city about 11 years ago. At the age of 20 years he united with the United Brethren church, and as long as we have known him his walk has been that of an upright, honorable, Christian gentlemen. Up to about two years ago he was engaged in the bakery and restaurant business in this place when he retired on account of failing health. His ailment was cancer of the stomach, which grew rapidly worse the last few weeks of his life. Funeral services were conducted at the M. E. church by Revs. Stewart and Miller, and he was laid to rest in Lincoln cemetery June 8th.


text: Chairing Scrutiny: A Workshop for Councillors who Chair Scrutiny Committees or Panels or may do so in the future LocationEdgbaston CampusCategoryLectures Talks and Workshops, Social Sciences, Teaching DatesFriday 30th June 2017 (09:30-16:15) Download the date to your calendar (.ics file) ContactTo book a place on this seminar please visit the University's Online Shop. If you are unable to book via the Online Shop please contact Sarah Smith, Tel: 0121 414 8390 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Register for this event Chair overview and scrutiny committees or panels including: how to prepare for scrutiny committees or short-life task and finish groups; the relationships between scrutiny chairs and scrutiny officers; how to choose a small number of topics for scrutiny investigations; how to plan and develop questions; how to get what you want from those who come to answer questions; innovative ways of collecting evidence; how to make recommendations effective; the nature of scrutiny leadership. This is a workshop for those who chair scrutiny committees or panels, or others who might chair them in the future, Vice-Chairs and officers who support scrutiny chairs are also welcome. Scrutiny has been endorsed in the Localism Bill and potentially it has much to contribute at times of financial crisis but it is still a tender plant and above all depends on good chairing. Chairing an overview and scrutiny committee, or any other scrutiny event, requires very special skills. Whoever takes the chair should be involved in planning the whole scrutiny process, and needs to keep a firm hand on the wheel as a scrutiny meeting develops. This seminar will be led by Dr Andrew Coulson, a former councillor with an extremely wide experience of scrutiny who has assisted many councils in developing their scrutiny expertise. He will be assisted by an experienced scrutiny chair. Programme Programme - Scrutiny in Challenging Times 09.30 Coffee and registration 10.15 Welcome and introductions 10.30 The requirements for successful scrutinyAndrew Coulson, INLOGOV, University of Birmingham 11.00 The role of the chair in the success of scrutinyAndrew Coulson, INLOGOV, University of Birmingham 12.00 Coffee 12.15 Planning the next meeting of a scrutiny committee: the chair's roleAndrew Coulson, INLOGOV, University of Birmingham 13.00 Lunch 13.45 Experiences of Chairing Scrutiny: A current Scrutiny Chair 14.00 Discussion 14.30 Choosing suitable topics for scrutiny investigation 15.00 Tea 15.15 The chair's role in supporting lines of questioning and getting the information you want (including group exercise) Andrew Coulson 16.00 Developing chairing competence and personal chairingAndrew Coulson 16.15 Seminar concludes Booking and fees £195 and £95 for a second participant from the same authority. Fee includes refreshments, lunch and resource pack. To book a place on this seminar please visit the University's Online Shop. If you are unable to book via the Online Shop please contact Sarah Smith, Tel: 0121 414 8390 Email: email@example.com. Learn more To discuss the course content in more detail or to book and reserve places on this module please contact: Sarah Smith Tel: 0121 414 8390, Email: email@example.com.


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Реферат: Cinema
In England the cinema is usually called "the pictures". In Americathe word "the movies" is often used. Cinema-going is a favourite pastime inBritain. People go to the cinema once or twice a week. Cinema-going is morepopular in industrial towns in the North of England and Scotland than in theSouth. However, especially if it is cold and wet outside, many people like tostay at home to watch TV.
Cinemas in England are usually large and more comfortable than thetheatres. Often there is a restaurant, so that it is possible to spend anafternoon and evening there (if you have enough money, of course). Behind thecine-ma screen there is a stage, so that the building can be used for concertsand other performances.
British cinema-goers see mainly English and American films, thoughmany of the foreign films are often shown in London and in the South of thecountry.
In our country cinema-going is not so popular now as it wasearlier. People prefer to stay at home and to watch TV or video.
I like to watch films very much. I prefer thrillers, comedies andhorror movies, but I do not like tragedies and melodramas very much, and I hatesoap operas, although they are becoming very popular in our country. Myfavourite film is… with… starring. It is really wonderful from thebeginning to the end. There are a lot of films which are worth seeing, but thisone is the best one to my mind.
Список литературы
Дляподготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта english-language.chat.ru/


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Tags let you group your customers together. They're great for highlighting VIP customers who may require VIP support or loyal customers who would make great beta testers, for example. You can also add special tags for customers during import to differentiate them from other people in the base.
- you will be able to prepare campaigns for people with special tag and reach them with more personalised offer
- you will be able to prepare special campaign for customer from import
- you will be able to differentiate people from different data base and you will be able to activate them with different promotion
Synerise solution
To add tags to customer during import, just fill Add tag field with appropriate words in the Import window. If you need more information how to import customer base from external CSV file read this help desk post.
You can find customers with specific tag in the CRM. Just choose from the left vertical menu Tags subsection.
Related topics
- Overwriting the data acquired for anonymous users after their registration
- Defining and tracking lead sources
- Integration with external database
- Adding, Moving, and Removing Tags during import