text:
David Porter: 'We plan a lot on the dry days so we are ready for the wet ones'
Linda Stewart talks to David Porter, chief executive of the Rivers Agency, about the challenges in dealing with the deluge of rain that has hit Northern Ireland in recent months.
Q. Could you tell me about your background?
A. I'm chief executive of Rivers Agency. Rivers Agency is the statutory drainage authority for Northern Ireland. I've been chief executive since April last year and I was director of Rivers Agency for five years before that. I was the regional engineer for nearly five years before that, so my whole career period within RA has been just under 10 years. Before that I was in Roads Service for 10 years.
Q. What are the biggest flooding hotspots?
A. It depends how you define hotspots, and also what sources you consider. So the way that we communicate flood risk to people is using the strategic flood map. On the strategic flood map you'll see information risk on the risk of flow from rivers and from the sea. We also have our surface water flood map, and that's flooding which is a consequence of very intense rainfall. Because of the EU Flood Directive we've also done a significant amount of analysis to see where the economic impacts are going to be and what we have identified are 20 significant flood risk areas. Of the 20, Belfast is right up at the top of that, not just because of the flood risk and risks associated with that but because of the amount of economic activity, the properties and the people, and the services that are delivered.
Q. What do you do when you learn that very bad weather is on the way?
A. We do a lot of planning on what we call the dry days so that we are ready for wet days. We normally get an early weather warning a number of days before the storm and that kicks off the process of checking our infrastructure and checking our grilles. A grille is when an open watercourse goes under the ground through a pipe or a culverting system, and the interface between the open section and the pipe section is where they want to collect any debris. So they put bars across the opening of that pipe and catch material in an area where it is possible to remove it.
So whenever we get weather warnings the industrial squads go out and do a grille run to make sure certain grilles are quite clear. They normally do that routinely, on a weekly or monthly basis, but they also do it when they get Met Office warnings. They also do an assessment of just how a bigger event will actually affect the level of the rivers, what the weather has been like in the few days leading up to it. Then all those factors dictate what our reaction is. So, for instance, we recently had very wet ground and high rivers, so any weather warning generally requires us to have people on call. If we're going to see very large amounts of rain, then the night before when the guys go home, they would actually put their sandbags on their vehicle or in some cases take one of the pumps and take that home with them, so that they're ready to respond overnight rather than having to come back into the yard and pick one of the pumps up. But we only do that where we are genuinely concerned because of the amount of rainfall, and it depends on what the weather warning tells us. So there's been a lot of emphasis on that information from the Met Office and it helps us then make an assessment of the kind of input there is going to be.
Q. What are the biggest dilemmas you faced in the recent flooding - is it a balancing act?
A. We've had wave after wave of winter storms and we've been in a state of very high alert from late November and December. It's been constant throughout that. So far our biggest challenge that we've faced at that time is making sure we allocate the resources that we have to best effect, but at the same time not overtiring particular resources, so there's been a lot of focus in and around our Armagh office. We've actually had to move squads from some of the other areas where there's less impact in order to allow men to go and rest, so that we can continue to man the pumps and provide that service.
I would like to pay tribute to the staff. There are many examples of individuals going the extra mile during the recent flood event. A lot of the work fell over the holiday period over Christmas and New Year and a lot of staff gave up their leave to come in. They would have been pumping throughout the night.
I have been out visiting our staff on cold, wet, windy nights and they've been very focused on helping communities and very focused on keeping the pumps running.
Q. Could anything have been done differently?
A. There will be a review, and with the benefit of hindsight we could identify some things which we would do differently. Certainly my response has been that everything that could have possibly been done as far as I'm concerned has been done, in terms of preparation beforehand, advising and providing information to other organisations, down to co-operation with other agencies throughout the event. Also in terms of managing the loughs - the Toome gates were open fully since early November - and also in terms of effort from staff who have been pumping at a number of locations 24 hours a day for weeks. Their efforts have been very significant.
Q. Are you noticing any difference in the incidence of significant events over the last few years?
A. In the last number of years we seem to have had more very significant rainfall events. But a couple of things have happened to bring flooding clearly to people's attention. One is 24 hour news, so people would be more conscious of flooding. When you compare floods nowadays with floods that happened 50-100 years ago, the significant difference is what is in people's houses to get damaged. We're a much more affluent society than we were 100 years ago so the pain and the loss associated with flooding can be worse. You can't use such a short period as the last 10 years to say the climate is actually changing. But something is happening out there - we're starting to see the shape of a pattern and hopefully a few more years will confirm whether El Nino is back, or is it just what nature's throwing at us or whether this pattern of weather is going to become the norm. Certainly, if this is the norm going forward, we need to think differently about flood risk management.
Q. If this keeps on, what is it going to be like in Northern Ireland in 50 years' time?
A. As I said to the Stormont agriculture and rural development committee, if this is the pattern now with the predictions of climate change, we need to recognise that we may well be fighting a losing battle. If the climate changes quicker than we can put in schemes, then we need to actually recognise that and work with that. That's not just saying we'll just leave places to flood and just give up. But you have to take a certain different view of it, you need central government and local government and communities and individuals to work together to understand the risk they face and to be ready for floods to occur and to keep a watch. We need to recognise that there isn't necessarily an affordable technically possible scheme to stop flooding. And people might have to make some changes to protect their property, physical changes to minimise the impact of flooding. Recently the minister has launched the home owner flood protection scheme and that's really in recognition of that. In certain areas where there are clusters of properties, you can write a business case that says 'Yes, that is viable, it is possible for the Government to step in and construct something that will minimise the impact'. But that's not always possible, and rather then just say sorry, we can't help, we developed this scheme that is designed to give them assistance if they want to make physical changes to their properties to minimise the impact of flooding.
Q. Is it better to speed up the flow of water or slow it down?
A. It depends where you are within a system. If we have a flooding problem in Coleraine, where there's a relatively short distance between Coleraine and the sea, it would be a good idea to get the water from Coleraine into the Bann and out to sea as quickly as possible. If you're in a different type of situation in a different area and you're dealing with a different type of flooding, by straightening or making the water move more quickly you could cause a problem to the next town downstream and in that case you would take a different approach, either flood storage or reconnecting rivers with flood plains, using a natural flood risk management approach.
Q. Are you looking at ways of increasing the water holding capacity of uplands?
A. Basically, with flood risk management plans that's one of the areas that we're looking at. It's no longer about focusing just on the problem area, but we do take a catchment-wide approach and that will include land management in the uplands. Secondly, while there is still a case for some hard engineered schemes, similar to those that we saw in the past, in some areas it may be possible to reconnect rivers with flood plains by the removal of flood banks. This will not be appropriate in all areas, as there may be property that would be at increased flood risk if the defences were removed, but making space for floodwater rather than constraining the river system is a better long term approach, particularly given the climate change predictions. Flood plains are protected through our planning process by not allowing inappropriate development to be permitted. We take this approach because it is better to avoid the risk of property damage rather than allowing development and then constructing defences to reduce the impact of flooding. Within the planning system there is a clear presumption against development in flood plains, except for a small number of exemptions.
Q. Would you consider compensating farmers to allow rivers to flood their land?
A. It's certainly something that the industry has been thinking about for some time. It's a difficult one from the point of view that the flooding was there for a long time before the land was even farmed. I think the real issue is that some areas have benefited from defences which are no longer viable in the future.
Q. Are you disappointed that this approach wasn't included in the latest agri-environment scheme?
A. Not so much disappointed, because I'm not sure we're actually at a point where there is a set answer to that, or an acceptance of that. I think where I would be disappointed is that if the industry had got to a point where everyone was in agreement that this was a good idea and it didn't make it in, but I'm not sure the answer is just as clear cut as that.
Q. A number of road schemes are proposed that would go through flood plains. Are there any special measures that would need to be taken so this wouldn't cause problems?
A. Under our planning policy, PPS15, there is a general presumption against development on flood plains. The exception to that is when it's regionally significant infrastructure and there is no option other than to put it there. As part of that under PPS15 they need to demonstrate that they have mitigation measures that they will put in to compensate for the loss of flood storage. They need to demonstrate that by building that road in the flood plain that they are not actually increasing the flood risk elsewhere. So part of the design of that road will be the risk assessment to assess water levels beforehand. They will model the new road scheme to determine the difference in water levels and see what it impacts upon and make sure there is no harm to property or essential services or anything else.
Q. Is there a role for dredging - could it have helped?
A. It could possibly help in certain circumstances, so where you get lower flows or they're trying to support land drainage, it could help, particularly in a rainfall event where the water stays within the river channel. If half of that river channel is compromised because of silt, that will have an impact on the land drainage. Whenever we start to go up into bigger flood events like the recent one, the river channel plays a smaller and smaller part. Whenever the river exceeds that river channel and spills out across the flood plain, it's actually that whole flood plain that is carrying moving water. If you compare the size of that whole flood plain with the small channel, the channel plays less and less of a role. But we have good standards of watercourse management across Northern Ireland. Rural watercourses are inspected and maintained on a six-year cycle and urban watercourses are inspected and maintained on an annual cycle. So we do have a good level of watercourse maintenance and we've a very good legacy of that.
Q. The scheme in Orangefield Park used the park as flood storage and to divert water away from houses. Are you hoping to use that approach again?
A. Orangefield Park was a capital scheme. The local community wanted to redevelop the park and were able to draw down money to improve local facilities. The project took a different view of flood risk management, and we were able to relocate the river within the park, move it further from the houses and reshape the ground to give the river more space. In a flood event the river would have been constrained, but now it can quite happily spill out across that park. The river goes up and down quite quickly and it doesn't really cause any lasting harm. We have photographs of the recent event showing some very high floodwater. In the absence of that scheme, that water would have been in people's houses. With a lot of places it's difficult to use this approach because the decisions of the past have put properties close to rivers. In this case you have a river going through a park which you are able to reshape without actually having to knock down homes.
Q. Is there anything that the rest of us should be doing that would make your job easier?
A. There's a number of things. First of all, we encourage people to look at flood maps for an understanding of the risk that they face. On June 12 we saw some very high intense rainfall over urban areas. If homeowners can keep their own drains clear, that gives more resilience to the situation and we would also ask them to be conscious of whether there are rivers and grilles and culverted systems on their property. If there is a grille and the homeowner sees a build-up of material on it, it would be useful if people could report it to the flooding incident line before something happens. When we get a Met Office warning we go out and check on our grilles, but you can't be everywhere at all those grilles - there are 1,000 across Northern Ireland.
Q. Is there anything we can do so that farmers don't have to face having part of their land in Lough Neagh every year?
A. What we faced through the winter storms was a significant amount of rainfall so we did see very high levels in Lough Neagh, higher than we've had on recent records. We don't normally see water levels of this height and wouldn't expect to see them routinely. Firstly, I would encourage farmers to view the information on Flood Maps (NI) to understand the risk they face and take this into account when planning their business activities. Secondly, the management of the lough levels is part of the ongoing review and this will provide further useful information on the limitations of the management regime as we need to understand that it is not possible to stop all flooding. The recently launched homeowner protection scheme is a pilot scheme to widen our approach to the management of flood risk. Details are available on the NI Direct website.
Belfast Telegraph


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Bishops allocate €2m for child protection audit
Catholic bishops have allocated €2m for an all-Ireland audit of child protection procedures in the church's 26 dioceses and 186 religious and missionary orders.
The audit, which is expected to be completed within two years, will be conducted by the church's National Board for the Safeguarding of Children.
Welcoming the decision, the board's executive director Ian Elliott said he was confident that he would get most, if not all, of the review completed by the deadline, because the extra financial resources meant he could double his staff to eight. He said he would definitely publish a report on his findings.
He also said that the board would publish its second annual report next month on measures taken by the Irish church to introduce effective child protection procedures.
"I am happy with current co-operation from the church leaders who have given the board increased resources in difficult economic times," he said.
Irish Independent

subset: commoncrawl


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If you would like to see your city government in action and meet the people who are directly involved, attending City Council meetings is a great way to accomplish this. Council meetings are held on the first and third Tuesdays of each month at 7:00 PM in the City Building (7700 Perry St).
If you are interested in becoming involved in the community, outside the city government, there are several organizations available for your participation. Listed below, you will find contact names and numbers as well as meeting information.
Urban Tree Commission meetings are the Second Monday of each month from 6:30 to 7:30. The location varies. For those interested in attending, please call 377-1976 for the most current information.
e-mail at email@example.com
Mt Healthy Community Beautification Committee meets every third Thursday of each month at 6:30PM in the conference room at City Hall. Call 729-4316 or 522-7544 for information.
You can also use this contact form.
Celebrate Mt. Healthy Committee meetings are the first Thursday of each month at 9:00AM in the Council Chambers at City Hall. Call Ray Rissel at 931-8840 for information.


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Town Hall Seattle feels like one of those things that always existed, but actually, it opened fifteen years ago today.
Just in the next three days, Town Hall hosts talks on clean water, the effects of war on those fighting it, and the state of socialism with Sawant and Mudede. I've been there for subjects from the evil of banks to vaccination panic to what Mohamed really experienced up on that mountain to lies we accidentally told. How did we ever get along without Town Hall?
Happy birthday, you treasure.
And thanks for the tip, @HistoryLink!


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* Amber wants to split chairman and CEO functions
* Nexans shares down 44 pct in three years
* Company said in February it would not pay dividend
* Nexans one of most shorted stocks on French bourse (Adds background, detail)
By Andrew Callus and Blaise Robinson
PARIS, April 15 (Reuters) - Nexans shareholder Amber Capital said it plans to force a vote on a resolution to push Chairman and Chief Executive Frederic Vincent off the board at the cable maker's annual shareholder meeting on May 15.
Nexans made a loss in 2013 and skipped its dividend for the year after being forced to raise new share capital in October, blaming a lack of growth in Europe and industry overcapacity.
Hedge fund Amber, which has a 5.5 percent stake in Nexans and is the Paris-listed company's fourth-largest shareholder, knows it has little chance of success but plans to submit the resolution on Tuesday in protest against what it sees as poor performance since Vincent took the helm in 2009, Amber managing partner Olivier Fortesa told Reuters.
The resolution will be based on an Oct. 31 request from Amber to split the chairman and CEO functions, in line with U.S. and British corporate governance norms, Fortesa said. That request was denied two weeks later.
"The worsening of the (performance) situation, which has accelerated over the course of recent months, is very worrying and requires urgent action," a draft of the resolution sent to Reuters said.
A Nexans spokeswoman said: "These issues will be dealt with at the AGM and management has no comment to make at this stage".
Shareholders have the power to vote Vincent off the board and thereby end his reign as chairman, though only the board itself has the power to remove him as CEO.
Fortesa said a performance gap between Nexans and its main competitor Prysmian "has been widening year after year".
Nexans stock has slid by about 44 percent in the past three years, while Prysmian is up 13 percent in the same time and the STOXX Europe 600 index is up 16 percent.
Nexans' dominant shareholder with 28 percent is Invexans, a holding company run as a separate business from the 70-year-old Chilean copper goods business Madeco, where it has its roots, and which in turn is controlled by the Chilean Luksic family's Quinenco.
Madeco became an 8.9 percent shareholder in 2008 when it sold its own cables division to Nexans.
Under a shareholder agreement amended in 2012, Invexans has built its stake to 28 percent and can propose three board members. The agreement commits Invexans to a lock-up agreement where it must hold at least 25 percent of Nexans until Nov. 26, 2015, and not more than 28 percent.
The second- and third-largest shareholdings in Nexans belong to Manning & Napier Advisors, a U.S. value fund, and BPI, the French government investment vehicle, both with just under 8 percent. BPI bought its stake in 2009 to "stabilise and reinforce" the company's shareholder base.
Nexans said in February it would not pay a dividend for 2013 when restructuring and impairment charges led to a net loss.
Prysmian shares offer a dividend yield of 2.5 percent, while companies listed in the STOXX Europe industrials index trade on average at a dividend yield of 2.7 percent, according to Thomson Reuters Datastream data.
Other valuation ratios also show Nexans has been underperforming, with a return on equity (ROE) ratio of -19.9 and price-to-book (P/B) ratio at 0.7, according to Datastream.
Prysmian offers a ROE of 13.2 and has a P/B of 3.5. STOXX industrials trade at 2.8 times book value on average.
Both businesses are about the development, design, production, supply and installation of cables, mainly to the energy and telecom sectors.
Nexans stock is also in the crosshairs of a number of hedge funds betting on losses in the shares. According to data from Markit, about 5.8 percent of Nexans' outstanding shares are on loan, one of the most shorted stocks on the French bourse.
Short selling, popular with hedge funds, involves selling borrowed shares in the hope of buying them back more cheaply later and pocketing the difference. Short sellers usually target shares in struggling companies underperforming their sectors. (Editing by James Regan and Tom Pfeiffer)


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Welcome to Happy Valley DVD
Starring Dan Glenn, Brooke Coleman, Merri Jamison, Dan Bamonte, Jason Mersell
Directed by Tony Goss
Equine family drama written and directed by Tony Goss.
When two sisters (Brooke Coleman and Merri Jamison) inherit their father's failing horse ranch, they're reluctantly forced to live together and spark the farm back into life.
If they want to succeed the girls must put the differences of their past behind them and work together to not only rejuvenate the business, but to try and recapture their lost childhood bond.
- Format: DVD
- Region: 2
- Certification: (U)
- Catalogue number: LPDVD029
- Studio: Lightning Pictures
- Release date: 16/02/2015
- Genre: Drama
- Colour: Colour
Free Home Delivery
on all orders
Pick up orders
from local bookshops


text:
Tuesday, 30 April 2013
Scrapmatts Card & Tags {Beautiful Memories - Love - Adore}
21 comments:
- Desire Fourie said...
Oh wow Helen, this card is just amazing. A little piece of art and should be framed. You have also photographed it so creatively. The gift tags are also just so so beautiful.
Love the layout as well, as always.
{Doing Life – my personal blog}
- 30 April 2013 at 14:26
- Julie Tucker-Wolek said...
You are just soooooo amazing!! I love love love love all of these!!! LOVING those hearts on your last one!! Beautiful!!!
- 30 April 2013 at 14:35
- Juliana said...
WOW! Each one of these is so amazing! You can ROCK some chipboard!!!
- 30 April 2013 at 14:59
- Keren Tamir said...
Wow Helen. You make the best backgrounds.!! Those tags are fantastic!! I also love that cute card and I already told you how much I love that LO.
- 30 April 2013 at 15:35
- Helen Wallace said...
I really like all the projects and my fabourite is the Layout of that gorgeous girl..Love the black frame and the hearts :)
- 30 April 2013 at 15:53
- Kelly Foster said...
What a stunning array of projects here, Helen, wow!!! You're rocking it!!!
- 30 April 2013 at 18:55
- Debra Lovell said...
WOW! What a gorgeous card,and the tags are awesome!! "Happy Spring"
- 30 April 2013 at 23:02
- Bellaidea said...
wow, what a lovely card and work with chipboards!
- 30 April 2013 at 23:32
- Lizzy Hill said...
Toooo much to take in & Such a RICH VARIETY of projects...I think your card is a stand out, too.... & that black 'frame' around your DD on the last LO....lovely!!!!
- 30 April 2013 at 23:43
- Sandi Smith said...
awesome job rockin the scrapmatts...every creation is stunning!
- 30 April 2013 at 23:56
- Gayle Price said...
So many beautiful creations !! All with your amazing attention to detail........no wonder your gorgeous daughter is the same.........nail polish matching her iphone. xx
- 1 May 2013 at 00:11
- yyam said...
Oh wow! Yummy textures and layers. Awesome projects Helen!
- 1 May 2013 at 03:28
- Kim Price said...
Stunning creations Helen and I love your use of colour - especially your tag with the brights. Fabulous.
- 1 May 2013 at 08:33
- Chantal Vandenberg said...
Fabulous work Helen!
- 1 May 2013 at 08:42
- Vicky Varvadouka said...
WOW!!!!!!!!!! I love the happy bright colors and all the details and mixed media work!!!xx
- 1 May 2013 at 09:51
- Kim said...
your attention to detail is always amazing!!
- 1 May 2013 at 11:40
- Mitra Pratt said...
DELISH pieces! Really love that chair card and the very lovely tags you made!
Sweet glossy finish on that frame too, I am loving that look at the moment!
- 1 May 2013 at 13:42
- Marjie Kemper said...
Such pretty projects! Love the layered gift tags.
- 1 May 2013 at 16:59
- Lynnda said...
WOW WOW.... how can I not love your creations!! Helen these are so beautifully done!!! hugs..x
- 2 May 2013 at 07:51
- Val Thorpe said...
OMG you are such a busy lady. :) Love all of your projects but I think the fave for me is the layout of your DD.. love that her nails match her phone... @@ that made me very happy :) the frame around her is perfect :D
- 2 May 2013 at 11:49
- Sandie Edwards said...
Each of your creations is unique and totally gorgeous, but I sooo love your card Helen!!!
- 2 May 2013 at 14:49


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Hi anu.fish,
sorry, I forgot to mention that the article was adapted from my book, Wheatgrass: Superfood for a New Millennium, published by Vital Health Publishing. Brand: Square One Publishers. USA
I'm developing an eco-friendly website on google sites on the subject of 'how to look at health', 'grooming' and an exclusive short story for you from ion-eco.com called The Philosopher's Stone: Magic and Alchemy.
Thanks for the query,
You can help the HubPages community highlight top quality content by ranking this answer up or down.


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SHRED THE LOVE // Many THANKS to @HolidayValley & the @boardroomeville for helping us #shredthelove yesterday in Western #NewYork! It was an amazing day of fundraising, education, and on-hill fun benefiting #B4BC & local non-profit @campgooddays. Also,...


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Now, At Your Fingertips
For years we've helped you stay on top of citations and case digests for all current education law decisions reported by state and federal courts of record in the U.S. Now, as an added benefit of membership, use this searchable database. It's an adjunct resource to the Student Law Review. Everything reported in SLR can be accessed digitally. Copy it, print it or bookmark it for future reference. Use the Advanced Search tool to instantly find what you're looking for.
Members, to use this section, please log in. From the SLR Express landing page you can begin a keyword search, or narrow your search by choosing Elementary & Secondary or Higher Education from the left menu, then your choice of topic.
Non-members, you are welcome to browse our Featured Articles and gain insight into the law as well as what a membership in ELA can add to your level of knowledge.
To see all content, you must be a member of ELA. Join now!
Featured Case
Due process is no grounds for claims arising from "paddling," even if injurious.
Clayton v. Tate County School District
No. 13-60608 (5th Cir. Mar. 25, 2014)
"Fifth Circuit Rules No Constitutional Cause of Action for Excessive Corporal Punishment at School – Even in Mississippi, Which Has the Highest Paddling Rate in the United States"
By Richard Fossey, J.D., Ed.D.
Paul Burdin Endowed Professor of Education
Twyla Williams-Damond, Ed.D.
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
In an unpublished opinion dated March 25, 2014, a three-judge panel of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a Mississippi student's claims that the paddling he received at school violated his constitutional rights. Clayton v. Tate County School District, No. 13-60608 (5th Cir. Mar. 25, 2014). Relying on the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651 (1977), the Fifth Circuit rejected the student's claim that the paddling violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment as well as his claim that he was denied procedural due process of law. In addition, the court rejected the student's argument that his equal protection rights were violated and his claim that the severity of the punishment violated his right to substantive due process.
Endrew F. ex rel Joseph F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1, 137 S.Ct. 988
Securing a Free Appropriate Public Education in Light of the Child's Circumstances
Mark A. Paige, Assistant Professor of Public Policy, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
Todd A. DeMitchell, Professor of Education/Justice Studies Program, University of New Hampshire
Students who qualify for special education are entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE).1 To receive a FAPE, eligible students receive special education and related services.2 Special education is "specially designed instruction … to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability."3 The Individualized Education Program, or IEP, memorializes the instruction, related services, and general suite of programs designed to ensure a FAPE.4 While the term FAPE is a simply stated substantive right, its meaning in practice has been a source of contention. The issue of what constitutes an "appropriate" education has vexed educators and parents who must operationalize the term in the class, and courts that must decide between competing constructions.
The last time the Supreme Court opined on the FAPE standard occurred in 1982 in Rowley v. Board of Education.5 In Rowley, the Court held that a student (in this case, Amy) receives a FAPE if the IEP is "reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational benefits."6 But on March 22, 2017, with its decision in Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1,7 the Court again turned to the issue of determining a FAPE standard.8
Facts of the Endrew F. Case
Endrew F. was diagnosed with autism at the age of two. He received special education services from his local public school from pre-school to fourth grade. However, his parents became disenchanted with his progress by the end of his fourth-grade year.9 In the parents' view, Endrew's IEPs carried over from year to year with the same basic goals and benchmarks and, consequently, his progress "stalled."10 In April 2010, the school district proposed an IEP for the fifth grade that substantially replicated the previous IEPs, according to the parents.11 The parents rejected that IEP and unilaterally removed Endrew from public school, placing him at a private school (Firefly) that specializes in educating children with autism.12
At Firefly, Endrew experienced behavioral improvement and academic success. His behavior improved through the use of a "behavioral intervention plan" that, in turn, allowed academic progress. While still at Firefly, in November 2010, the school district proposed yet another IEP. Endrew's parents rejected the IEP, again on the grounds that it did not differ from his fourth-grade IEP with respect to plans to address his behavior. In February 2012, Endrew's parents filed a complaint with the Colorado Department of Education seeking reimbursement for Endrew's tuition at Firefly.
At a due process hearing, Endrew's parents asserted that the final proffered IEP was "not reasonably calculated" to offer an educational benefit consistent with a FAPE. The Administrative Law Judge disagreed and denied relief. The Federal District Court affirmed, asserting that the IEP objectives were "sufficient to show a pattern of, at the least, minimal progress."13 On appeal, the Tenth Circuit affirmed the lower court, noting that an educational benefit is conferred as long as it is "more than de minimis."14 In Endrew's case, the proposed IEP was "reasonably calculated to enable [Endrew] to make some progress."15 The Supreme Court granted the parents' petition for certiorari.
The Endrew decision: Beyond the regular classroom
The Supreme Court begins its analysis with Rowley. In doing so, it noted that Rowley was limited to its facts, and did not reach the "wide spectrum" of children with disabilities." Endrew F. thus addressed this more unresolved, difficult problem of establishing one standard for determining whether a student with a disability is receiving a sufficient educational benefit. The Court observed that the Rowley review concerned an IEP for a student who was making progress in a regular classroom and, in fact, doing better than most of her peers. Under Rowley, the educational benefit for students receiving instruction in a regular classroom is one that permits students to advance from grade to grade.16 But, the facts in Endrew were different. Unlike Amy Rowley, Endrew did not receive his instruction in a regular classroom. Thus, the question arose as to what, if any, specific standard should apply to those students receiving instruction in a special education classroom?
The Endrew opinion eschews the proposition that an IEP that meets FAPE would guarantee any particular level of educational attainment for every student receiving special education and related services under IDEA. The Court opines, "No law could do that––for any child."17 The IEP, in providing a reasonable education, need not provide the "ideal" education.18 However, at a minimum, a substantive standard must focus on student progress.19 To do otherwise, "would do little to remedy the pervasive and tragic academic stagnation that prompted Congress to act."20
More specifically, the central inquiry for understanding the appropriate progress must be on the student's unique circumstances. IEP deliberations must carefully consider and tailor an educational program and objectives to the child's levels of achievement, disability, and potential for growth.21 Grade-level advancement may be appropriate in some circumstances. And, while an individualized assessment may lead to different goals, "every child should have the chance to meet challenging objectives."22 The program must be "ambitious in light of the circumstances."23 In any event, and regardless of the student's placement, any standard requires more than de minimis progress, the standard the Tenth Circuit used to rule against Endrew.24
Distilled to its core, the Court found, the IDEA "requires an educational program reasonably calculated to enable a child to make progress appropriate in light of the child's circumstances."25 Those who would prefer a bright-line test may be disappointed, because the Court was also clear that it was not articulating a formula, but rather describing a standard. Indeed, a formula would run counter to the Court's call for an IEP tailored to a child's unique circumstances.
Endrew refines Rowley and has some significant implications for professional educators. First, a child's IEP must have challenging objectives and be "appropriately ambitious" to be appropriate.26 Programs offering de minimis benefit will not accord with the entitlement to FAPE. Second, the objectives for a student are unique, adjusted to the circumstances to the child. One size does not fit all. Third, while deference is given to the school authorities in exercising their judgment, they must "offer a cogent and responsive explanation for their decisions." Those decisions must be "reasonably calculated to enable the child to make progress appropriate in light of the his[/her] circumstances."27 If school officials want their decisions upheld, if challenged, they must be reasoned and informed. If anything, school administrators and teachers must ensure that their decisions are supported by decisions grounded in best practices as they relate to the particular student.
1 20 U.S.C. §1412(a)(1).
2 § 1401(9).
3 § 1401 (26).
4 § 1401(9)(D). The Supreme Court in Honig v. Doe characterized the IEP as "the centerpiece" for the delivery of special education services to a student with a disability. 484 U.S. 305, 311 (1988).
6 Id. at 207.
7 580 U.S. _____ , at 1 (slip op. )(2017).
8 Id.
9 Endrew's teachers characterized him has having a "sweet disposition," but his behavior including screaming in class, climbing over furniture, fear of commonplace items, and leaving school interfered with his learning. Id. at 6-7.
10 Id. at 7.
11 Id.
12 Id.
13 Id. at 8.
14 Id. (internal citations omitted).
15 Id. (internal citations omitted).
16 Id. at 5.
17 Id. at 10.
18 Id. at 11 (emphasis in original).
19 Id.
20 Id.
21 Id. at 12.
22 Id. at 14.
23 Id.
24 Id. at 14.
25 Id. at 14-15.
26 Id. at 14.
27 Id. at 16.


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Gintama Episode 51 English Subbed
You are watching Gintama Episode 51 English Subbed from the Gintama Anime Show. Watch or Download Gintama Episode 51 MP4 English Sub and other episodes of Gintama Streamed for Free.
"Give milk to babies at room temperature."
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Episode Summary: Gintoki discovers a baby dropped off at the Yorozuya, making everyone think he's the father and getting entangled in returning him to his real mother.


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Vice President of Marketing Skip Haight runs through the new position ComNet are taking at Essen 2014. ComNet aim to be the total solutions provider, transmitting any connections such as wireless, fibre optic, ethernet, and copper ethernet back to the network for video surveillance, access control or intruder alarms.
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Call Us:
(907) 694-2409
Alpine Family Dentistry
We are your Dentistry Experts in Eagle River
Dental care is very important at every stage of a person's life. Children who receive regular care are more likely to maintain healthy teeth and gums. Because every year of adulthood means another year of wear and tear on your mouth, going to check-ups and getting the fillings and any other treatments that you require is imperative! In addition, excellent dental care can help you keep a beautiful smile. So reach out to Alpine Family Dentistry today for quality care!
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The Alpine Family Dentistry team wants to make it as convenient as possible for you to visit the dentist. Call today and we'll schedule an appointment at a time that works for you and your family.
We also do our best to create a welcoming environment for our patients, particularly those who are wary of dental visits. You'll find it a pleasure to visit our log cabin-style office, where we've been located for more than 20 years. It has a true Alaska feel.
To make an appointment, give our office a call at
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Bolshoi Babylon DVD
Directed by Nick Read
Documentary charting the revival and recovery of the Bolshoi Theatre after an attack on company director Sergei Filin in January 2013.
In an exceptional turn of events, the Bolshoi Theatre grants the film crew unrestricted access backstage for the first time ever.
Following on from the turbulent events, the management and dancers work to rebuild the reputation of the world famous ballet troupe.
The documentary includes interviews with notable dancers Maria Alexandrova and Maria Allash and company director Anatoliy Iksanov.
- Format: DVD
- Region: 2
- Certification: (Ex)
- Catalogue number: SPAL072
- Studio: Altitude
- Release date: 08/02/2016
- Genre: Documentaries & Biographies
- Colour: Colour
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Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Just looking for accommodation in Yankton? Take a look at the offer of DAYS INN YANKTON Yankton! 35 comfortably furnished rooms are offered by the hotel to guests looking for accommodation in Yankton. To learn more about the exact range of services of DAYS INN YANKTON Yankton (including services for an extra fee) and the exact equipment of the rooms, please check the information sheet below.
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noun, plural stonemen.
a stonecutter or stoneworker.
The requirements, written by the HOLWG of the US DoD in Feb 1980, that led to APSE.
["Requirements for Ada Programming Support Environments: STONEMAN", US Dept of Defense, Feb 1980].
Tagged: s
Read Also:
- Stone-marten
noun 1. a marten, Mustela foina, of Europe and Asia, having a white mark on the throat and breast. stone marten noun 1. a marten, Martes foina, of Eurasian woods and forests, having a brown coat with a pale underfur 2. the highly valued fur of this animal
- Stonemason
noun 1. a person who builds with or dresses stone. noun 1. a person who is skilled in preparing stone for building
- Stone massage
noun 1. a form of massage using heated smooth stones
- Stone-mint
noun 1. dittany (def 2).


text:
Wallflowers and Mexican fleablane were in flower in the churchyard wall and meadow saxifrage and bluebells were out around the graves.
We could usefully have a few more members to share the responsibility of keeping this holy place open, welcoming and prayed in.
Is it the responsibility of all Anglican churches dedicated to St. Peter to pray for and remember all those who have worn the fisherman's ring?


text:
Alice palmer
Alice Elvira, 1855–1902, U.S. educator.
Arnold, born 1929, U.S. golfer.
Daniel David, 1845–1913, Canadian originator of chiropractic medicine.
George Herbert, 1842–1933, U.S. educator, philosopher, and author.
James Alvin ("Jim") born 1945, U.S. baseball player.
a town in S Massachusetts.
(in Medieval Europe) a pilgrim bearing a palm branch as a sign of his visit to the Holy Land
(in Medieval Europe) an itinerant monk
(in Medieval Europe) any pilgrim
any of various artificial angling flies characterized by hackles around the length of the body
Arnold. born 1929, US professional golfer: winner of seven major championships, including four in the US Masters (1958, 1960, 1962, 1964) and two in the British Open (1961,1962)
Samuel. 1805–81, English painter of visionary landscapes, influenced by William Blake
"pilgrim who has returned from the Holy Land," late 12c. (as a surname), from Anglo-French palmer (Old French palmier), from Medieval Latin palmarius, from Latin palma "palm tree" (see palm (n.2)). So called because they wore palm branches in commemoration of the journey.
Tagged: a
Read Also:
- Zweig
Arnold [ahr-nuh ld;; German ahr-nawlt] /ˈɑr nəld;; German ˈɑr nɔlt/ (Show IPA), 1887–1968, German novelist, essayist, and dramatist. Stefan [stef-uh n,, -ahn;; German shte-fahn] /ˈstɛf ən,, -ɑn;; German ˈʃtɛ fɑn/ (Show IPA), 1881–1942, Austrian dramatist, critic, biographer, and novelist. Contemporary Examples One feels the same sense of dislocation reading Zweig, his world is indeed a […]
- Arnold's canal
arnold's canal Arnold's canal Ar·nold's canal (är'nəldz, -nôlts) n. A bony canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone through which the lesser petrosal nerve passes.
- Arnold, benedict
arnold, benedict An American general of the Revolutionary War. He performed notably in the early days of the war but became bitter over several setbacks to his career. After receiving command of the American fort at West Point, New York, Arnold plotted to betray it to the British. The plan was revealed when the American […]
- Arnold-chiari deformity
arnold-chiari deformity Arnold-Chiari deformity Ar·nold-Chiari deformity (är'nəld-, -nōlt'-) n. A congenital deformity at the base of the brain, often associated with spina bifida, in which the cerebellar tissue is elongated and extends into the fourth ventricle.


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ThemeForest eModular Modular email template 241169
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The idea that Trump's economic growth plan will pressure gold is shortsighted.
In fact, Trump will bring the one catalyst gold needs to surge. Learn more here…
Tags: Gold
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The post Trump Will Actually Be Good for Gold – Here's Why appeared first on Money Morning – We Make Investing Profitable.
A Time for War
Trump Condemns 'Horrible, Cowardly' Egypt Mosque Attack As Death Toll Hits 235 +Video
Black Friday Massacre Starts Today At Shopping Centers (Video)
The President vs the Loud-Mouthed, Ungrateful A-Hole!
Who Is Delusional? The Answer Is: We All Are
Hillary Clinton PR Firms Busted Paying Off Journalists to Push Trump-Russia Fake News
Sessions Bribed, Wolf Blitzer Pedophile! Tom Heneghan Reports
The Deep State's Intent to Use Food as a Weapon - Happy Thanksgiving!
Meet the Elite: Father of Mainstream Media, Skull and Bones Member Henry Luce
"Two Big Warning Signs Emerge for the Stock Market"
Mass Upsurge in Unexplained Booms as Predictions of Quakes Explode and Patriarch Warns of the End
Meet the Elite: Father of Mainstream Media, Skull and Bones Member Henry Luce
Trump Condemns 'Horrible, Cowardly' Egypt Mosque Attack As Death Toll Hits 235 +Video
Gold's 47-Year Bull Market
Germany Invites ISIS Caliphate Kids Back to Europe
Syrian Refugees Busted for Planning Terror Attack
Truth story behind Donald Trump, Asia Trip & Zimbabwe
'New York' Looks Like a Skid Row Bum - Indigenous People Never Gave Away Their Land
Venezuela Arrests President of U.S.-Based Refiner Citgo
I smiled at Putin's expression…. How about some newsy coffee this morning?
Colin Kaepernick Celebrates Un-Thanksgiving
Myself and Many Vloggers Are Being Targeted by YouTube (They Are Killing Free Speech Online)
Q posts on /pol/ 4chan 11/24/2017
Neo-Nazi Furries Are a Thing and We Must Unite to Stop Them
6 Tricks For Self-Defense Everyone Should Know
America's New "Trick"To Beat Black Friday Crowds: Wear Employee Uniforms
Metal storm the deadliest fastest most powerful weapon on the battlefield, this is scary, scary!
A giant crater opens up out of nowhere in Brazil
"The Parable of the Frogs: 'Hell is Truth Seen Too Late'"
Zionist BitCoin Beast System Penetrates Truth Researchers PizzaGate


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Tamara M.
Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2G6
Joined on January, 2010
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by: Sunni Gyrl, Inc. • 0
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by: Sunni Gyrl, Inc. • 0
The GMIC SV conference app allows attendees to stay updated on speaker, agenda, and other conference related information.
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Support the Community
The Everyday Prayer
Icon of the Holy Face
Reading of the Word of God
Praise to you, o Lord, King of eternal glory
This is the Gospel of the poor,
Praise to you, o Lord, King of eternal glory
Dal libro del profeta Ezechiele 18,21-28
Ma se il malvagio si allontana da tutti i peccati che ha commesso e osserva tutte le mie leggi e agisce con giustizia e rettitudine, egli vivrà, non morirà. Nessuna delle colpe commesse sarà più ricordata, ma vivrà per la giustizia che ha praticato. Forse che io ho piacere della morte del malvagio - oracolo del Signore - o non piuttosto che desista dalla sua condotta e viva? Ma se il giusto si allontana dalla giustizia e commette il male, imitando tutte le azioni abominevoli che l'empio commette, potrà egli vivere? Tutte le opere giuste da lui fatte saranno dimenticate; a causa della prevaricazione in cui è caduto e del peccato che ha commesso, egli morirà.
Praise to you, o Lord, King of eternal glory
The Son of Man came to serve,
Praise to you, o Lord, King of eternal glory
The prophet Ezekiel responds to a proverb that saidwe find it in the beginning of the chapter"The parents have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge." And to verse 19: "Yet you say, Why should not the son suffer for the iniquity of the father?'" It is a mentality that is very common even today, when a person is judged for his or her family of origin or for some evil committed by others. And often such judgment becomes a condemnation that marks a person for life. The word of the prophet asserts instead with extreme clarity that the responsibility before good and evil is always personal. No one is right or wicked for the evil committed by another, unless he or she was an accomplice. Rather the text asserts that God is ready to forgive everyone if they convert, if they change their hearts and ways of acting, if they stop doing evil and commit themselves to doing good. The text shows the great mercy of God, who allows everyone to change and convert: "When the wicked turn away from the wickedness they have committed and do what is lawful and right, they shall save their life. Because they considered and turned away from all the transgressions that they had committed, they shall surely live; they shall not die." God's mercy has no limits, because the Lord is always ready to forgive. But men and women must come to their senses, recognize the evil hidden in their hearts and turn to God with the trust of being listened to and aided. This is also valid for the righteous ones who distance themselves from the way of good: "When the righteous turn away from their righteousness and commit iniquity, they shall die for it; for the iniquity that they have committed they shall die." The prophet helps us understand that we are all called to watch ourselves every day, because every day we choose between good and evil. No one is righteous and good per se. No one is evil per se. Each of us, every day must take on the responsibility before God of his or her actions and choices. God is always ready to forgive, but God asks each of us to be responsible for what we do. Facing good and evil the assurance of being righteous and good is not in itself a guarantee of life and goodness.
Memory of Jesus crucified


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Welcome to the Statehouse Museum Shop's website! Free Shipping on Orders Over $49
The 'Civil War Field Trip Activity Book' makes school (and family) field trips more fun and educational! This book is filled with activities, including scavenger hunts, coded messages, word scrambles, matching problems, math problems, fill-in-the-blanks, and more. Kids can use it before or after visiting a Civil War site.
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The Beaverton
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Breaking: beloved satirical news website turned italian opera turned tv show The Beaverton announces its latest incarnation: a theatre show! Very famous television stars Miguel Rivas and Emma Hunter host live from the Randolph Theatre. Joined by correspondents Marilla Wex and Laura Cilevitz, plus a number of surprise appearances from the show's characters, they bring you a hilarious mix of biting satire, sketch comedy and, let's be honest, a lot of Donald Trump jokes. Also indie rock superstars Arcade Fire will perform*


text: For this first time in history, Yandy.com presented a Halloween Costume runway show during New York Fashion Week. If you are already thinking of how to up your costume game this year, Yandy gave us more than 30 different options. From emoji inspired costumes to political candidates, everything popular in 2016 is represented in costume form. View all the runway looks below.


text:
easy hairstyles for summer
Easy Hairstyles For Summer is Easy Hairstyles , Easy Hairstyles For Summer Hairstyles, easy hairstyles for short hair, easy hairstyles for long hair, easy hairstyles for girls and posted at July 4th, 2014 16:46:29 PM by Yasmin Zahra.
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This particular chic and complex hairstyle may seem difficult at first but it is actually truly easy. Gather the hair in a reduced ponytail and then begin twisting this to form a bun. Safe it having elastic, finish it off with an elegant scarf and you're prepared.
3. The Fishtail
Plaits are a great hairstyle alternative. French plaits are a vintage example, nonetheless we will move further along with fishtail braids. Fishtail plaits may seem a little complicated in the beginning, but with exercise, it can be done. There are a few tutorials that may offer you easy methods to do this. Accentuate your braid together with decorative videos and you are ready for a bohemian, feminine flair.
4. The actual Sleek Updo
If you like having a thoroughly clean updo without sacrificing amount, all you have to perform is to collect the front portion of your hair. Press it on the front in order that it will create a little bump. Safe this section having a bobby pin. Subsequent, gather the actual hair into a method ponytail, twist this until this forms the bun. Secure using a hair tie and you're simply done.
5. The actual Half-Up Bun
The fifty percent up bun is absolutely easy to do. Very first, grab the top section of your own hair. Slightly drive it to create a bundle and then safe with a hair connect. Next, collect the middle a part of your hair to create a half upward ponytail. Twist this until you can create a bun. Protected with a simple flexible or an ornamental hair tie, determines if it is all totally in place. Use hairspray to place all things in place. You may either leave your entire hair straight, or also use the curling iron to make soft waves.
As you can see, that can be done many things along with your hair aside from the uninteresting and typical ponytails. Try these kinds of options and provide them a try. With these hairstyles, you won't ever stick with the identical boring hairstyle once more. That's all about Easy hairstyles.
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We have become a humourless society. Things that ought to be laughed at are taken far too seriously. Same-sex "marriage" for instance. The correct perspective on an issue as replete in humorous potential as this is, as it is with most things, the Ealing Comedy approach. Imagine what fun Kenneth Williams and Charles Hawtrey would have going through a "gay marriage" ceremony. Or Hattie Jacques and Irene Handl. Imagine Sid James as the celebrant or best man. Instead we treat it as a serious issue with endless pompous rubbish about it on the ABC and elsewhere.
In the opinion of Argus, if a gaggle of queens and lesbians (there won't be all that many if overseas statistics are an indication) want to get "married", so what? It's not marriage quod semper quod ubique etc. but if that's what they think will make them happy, good luck to them. True, it's one more nail in the coffin of civil cohesion but our civilisation's pretty near washed up anyway. Anyone with a sense of the ridiculous might just as well enjoy it all for the laughs. There'll be tears soon enough.
When inevitably the happy couples get "divorced" the whole farce will open up new vistas of prosperity for the army of lawyers and "counsellors" in the "family law" industry already grown fat on the corpses of real marriages, the disintegration of which was so visionarily facilitated by the unlamented government of Whitlam and co. With adopted or surrogate children as props to dress up the illusion that gay "families" are proper families the lawyers and the rest will grow fatter still, as the erstwhile lovebirds snarl and bicker over custody.
In fact, how long before the first child of a same-sex union sues his "parents" for "disadvantaging" his start in life? Twenty years? Argus can hear it now - ridicule in the playground, singled out as "not normal", "two mums/dads" butt of peer-group jokes, inability to relate to one sex or the other, lack of confidence, propagandist upbringing, deprivation of child's natural right to father figure or mother figure for "balanced personal development" and so on and so forth. It is an amusing prospect to look forward to, in a grim sort of way.
21 June 2012
Argus has heard it suggested that we are not, as contended above, a humourless society. Just look, said someone, at all the wonderful comedy festivals that seem to be perpetually on. A humourless society wouldn't have those. Well, pace the platoons of stand-up comedians and the plethora of administrators who cash in on the enforced munificence of taxpayers to arrange and promote such events, it is an unfortunate fact that the one thing that is never funny in our otherwise fairly hilarious society is a comedy act at a comedy festival. Never. From Glasgow to Adelaide, from Seattle to Melbourne, never. Vulgar, meretricious, coarse, pathetic, disgusting, lame: yes, all of those. But funny, never.
21 June 2012
Posted by ACJ Akehurst
2 comments:
- AnonymousJune 20, 2012 at 9:05 PM
As a recent reader, I am shocked/startled at how much I agree with your comments. There still is intelligent life in the media.ReplyDeleteReplies
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I recently found out I was chosen to receive the Beauty Bloggers VoxBox from Influenster. So a few days after I was notified,I was suprised to find this on my doorstep!
On the left is a Goody Simple Styles Spin Pin,something I am really looking forward to trying out,since I like to put my hair up,especially when I want it out of my way, like when I am preparing dinner. Or in the summer when it's way too hot for long hair.
Below the Eye shadow pallette is a $10 Gift Certificate to Bath & Body Works! How exciting is that!
Not pictured is the EBOOST Effervescent Powdered drink in Orange flavor. I am pretty sure it's just flavored water,even though it says it has vitamins in it.
And that's my Beauty Bloggers VoxBox for now.
I will be posting separate reviews of the individual items in the box.
Thank you,Influenster!
Items in this post were provided by Influenster for my honest reviews and opinions.


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Self-Economy in Cloud Data Centers: Statistical Assignment and Migration of Virtual Machines
The success of Cloud computing has led to the establishment of large data centers to serve the increasing need for on-demand computational power, but data centers consume a huge amount of electrical power. The problem can be alleviated by mapping virtual machines, VMs, which run client applications, on as few servers as possible, so that some servers with low traffic can be put in low consuming sleep modes. This paper presents a new approach for the adaptive assignment of VMs to servers and their dynamic migration, with a twofold goal: reduce the energy consumption and meet the Service Level Agreements established with users.
Provided by: Springer Science+Business Media Topic: Cloud Date Added: Jul 2011 Format: PDF


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National Jewish Book Awards 2012, Finalist
JJ Greenberg Memorial Award for Fiction
From the author of the New York Times Notable Book Matrimony ["Beautiful...Brilliant." (Michael Cunningham)], a moving, mesmerizing new novel about love, loss, and the aftermath of a family tragedy.
It's July 4, 2005, and the Frankel family is descending upon their beloved summer home in the Berkshires. But this is no ordinary holiday. The family has gathered to memorialize Leo, the youngest of the four siblings, an intrepid journalist and adventurer who was killed on that day in 2004, while on assignment in Iraq.
The parents, Marilyn and David, are adrift in grief. Their 40-year marriage is falling apart. Clarissa, the eldest sibling and a former cello prodigy, has settled into an ambivalent domesticity and is struggling at age 39 to become pregnant. Lily, a fiery-tempered lawyer and the family contrarian, is angry at everyone. And Noelle, whose teenage years were shadowed by promiscuity and school expulsions, has moved to Jerusalem and become a born-again Orthodox Jew. The last person to see Leo alive, Noelle has flown back for the memorial with her husband and four children, but she feels entirely out of place. And Thisbe - Leo's widow and mother of their three-year-old son - has come from California bearing her own secret.
Set against the backdrop of Independence Day and the Iraq War, The World Without You is a novel about sibling rivalries and marital feuds, about volatile women and silent men, and, ultimately, about the true meaning of family.
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