text:
Originally Posted on CW Blog here.
Thursday, 16 March 2017
Satellite Industry is Gearing up for The Next Revolution in Communications
Originally Posted on CW Blog here.
Friday, 2 September 2016
Some more thoughts on 5G
Now that I have had time to think about the questions, here are a bit more detailed thoughts. As always, feedback, comments & suggestions welcome
Q: What will network architecture look like in the 5G era?
I have long argued that 5G will not be a single technology but a combination of multiple old and new technologies. You will often find various terms like Multi-stream Aggregation (MSA), Opportunistic Aggregation and Multi-connectivity being used to explain this. Not only will 2G, 3G and 4G have a role to play, Wi-Fi and other unlicensed technologies would be a part of 5G too.
I have had many discussions on this topic with respected analysts and many of them agree.
One of the approaches being proposed for the initial version of 5G is the non-standalone version of 5G which will use LTE as the control plane anchor and new 5G radio for user plane. Not only will this be easier to deploy along with the existing LTE network, it would be faster and hopefully less costly.This #5G chart sums it up. Start from where we are, go in 4 different directions at once, give it all the same name https://t.co/ETldL8Sr8N— Dan Warren (@TMGB) June 28, 2016
Q: To what extent is 5G dependent on virtualization?
Networks and Network Functions are progressively being virtualized, independently of 5G. Having said that, virtualization will play a big role in achieving the 5G architecture. Mobile operators can't be expected to keep paying for proprietary hardware; virtualization would help with cost reduction and quick deployments.
Network slicing for instance will help partition the network for different requirements, on the fly depending on what is going on at any particular time.
Q: What is your view on the interplay between standards and open-source developments?
Standards enable cost reduction by achieving economy of scale whereas open-source development enable innovation and quick deployment. They are both needed and they will willingly or unwillingly co-exist.
Q: What do you see as the 3 greatest technical uncertainties or challenges on route to 5G?
While there are many known and unknown challenges with 5G, some obvious ones that we can see are:
- Spectrum identification and harmonization.
- Getting to the right architecture which is backward compatible and future proof, without making it too complex
- SON – Once you have everything in place you have to make many different parts of the network work together with different kinds of loads and traffic. SON will play a crucial role here.
Q: What would 5G actually mean for consumers, business and IoT? / What will 5G allow me to do that I can't right now with 4G?
There are a lot of interesting use cases being discussed like remote operations and remote controlled cars but most of them do not represent the general consumers and some of them are just gimmicks.
I really like the NGMN whitepaper that laid out some simple use cases.
If done properly, 5G will allow:
- Simplification of the network resulting in low latency – this means that your content will load faster and the delay between requests and responses are small.
- Reasonable speed broadband everywhere - This will also depend on the operators' rollouts plan but different technologies in 5G network would (should) enable a good speed reliable broadband not just in the middle of the cell but also on the edges. In fact, the concept of edges should be looked at in 5G and a solution to avoid data rates falling off should be found.
- Connectivity on the move – Whether we are talking about connectivity in trains/buses or from public safety point of view, it is important to define group connectivity, direct communications, etc.
Q: What will set companies apart in the development of 5G?
The days of vendor lock-ins are over. What will set companies apart is their willingness to be open to working with other companies by having open API's and interfaces. Operator networks will include solutions from many different vendors. For them to be quick to bring innovative solutions to the market, they need vendors to work together rather than against each other.
Q: There is a lot of talk about the vision for 2020. What do you think the world will look like in terms of connectivity in 2030?
It would be fair to say that by 2030, connectivity would have reached a completely new dimension. One of the big areas of development that is being ignored by mainstream mobile community is the development of satellite communications. There are many low earth orbit (LEO) constellations and high-throughput satellites (HTS) being developed. These LEO and HTS combination can provide high speed connectivity with 4G like latency and high throughputs for planes/ships which cannot be served by ground based mobile technology. Broadband access everywhere will only become a reality with satellite technology complementing mobile technology.
Disclaimer: This blog is maintained in my personal capacity and this post expresses my own personal views, not the views of my employer or anyone else.
Saturday, 12 March 2016
The role of satellites in 5G world
In one of my roles, I get to see some of these developments happening in the satellite world. Here are some of the recent things that I have learned.
In a recent presentation by Intelsat (embedded below), they showed how we will have a truly high throughput global coverage with the help of GEO and LEO satellites. Depending on the applications, they can take advantage of either or both. Ubiquitously connected cars, planes, trains, ships and other vehicles will soon be a reality. See their presentation below:
Intelsat is not the only operator innovating and coming up with some amazing solutions.
here and here.
Eutelsat on the other hand is trying something that has not been done before. Their Quantum class satellites will be creating and modifying the beams dynamically to provide coverage whenever and wherever needed. See their presentation here.
These are just a few examples, there are many other operators I have not mentioned here. Most of them have some sort of ambitious plan which will be there before 2020.
So what role will these satellites play in the 5G world? We will look at this question in the Satellite Applications & Services Conference in October but I am interested in hearing your thoughts.
Saturday, 19 December 2015
ADS-B to enable global flight tracking
One of the things that the World Radio Conference 2015 (WRC-15) enabled was to provide a universal spectrum allocation for flight tracking. What this means in simple terms is that once completely implemented, flights will hopefully no longer be lost, like MH370. It will now be possible to accurately track flights with satellites across nearly 100% of the globe, up from 30% today, by 2018.
To make you better understand this, see this video below:
Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) is a surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position-fixing systems, including aircraft identification, four-dimensional position and additional data as appropriate. ADS data is displayed to the controller on a screen that replicates a radar screen. ICAO Doc 4444 PANS-ATM notes that air traffic control service, may be predicated on the use of ADS provided that identification of the aircraft involved is unambiguously established. Two main versions of ADS are currently in use:
- Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a function on an aircraft or surface vehicle that broadcasts position, altitude, vector and other information for use by other aircraft, vehicles and by ground facilities. It has become the main application of the ADS principle.
- Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract (ADS-C) functions similarly to ADS-B but the data is transmitted based on an explicit contract between an ANSP and an aircraft. This contract may be a demand contract, a periodic contract, an event contract and/or an emergency contract. ADS-C is most often employed in the provision of ATS over transcontinental or transoceanic areas which see relatively low traffic levels.
The ITU press release on this topic:
The frequency band 1087.7-1092.3 MHz has been allocated to the aeronautical mobile-satellite service (Earth-to-space) for reception by space stations of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) emissions from aircraft transmitters.
The frequency band 1087.7-1092.3 MHz is currently being utilized for the transmission of ADS-B signals from aircraft to terrestrial stations within line-of-sight. The World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-15) has now allocated this frequency band in the Earth-to-space direction to enable transmissions from aircraft to satellites. This extends ADS-B signals beyond line-of-sight to facilitate reporting the position of aircraft equipped with ADS-B anywhere in the world, including oceanic, polar and other remote areas.
WRC-15 recognized that as the standards and recommended practices (SARP) for systems enabling position determination and tracking of aircraft are developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the performance criteria for satellite reception of ADS-B signals will also need to be addressed by ICAO.
This agreement follows the disappearance and tragic loss of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 in March 2014 with 239 people on board, which spurred worldwide discussions on global flight tracking and the need for coordinated action by ITU and other relevant organizations.
For more details see: globalflightsafety.org
Monday, 9 November 2015
5G and Evolution of the Inter-connected Network
While there are many parameters to consider when designing the next generation network, speed is the simplest one to understand and sell to the end user.
Last week, I did a keynote at the International Telecom Sync Forum (ITSF) 2015. As an analyst keynote, I looked at how the networks are evolving and getting more complex, full of interesting options and features available for the operator to decide which ones to select.
There wont just be multiple generations of technologies existing at the same time but there will also be small cells based networks, macro networks, drones and balloons based networks and satellite based networks.
My presentation is embedded below. For any reason, if you want to download it, please fill the form at the bottom of this page and download.
Just after my keynote, I came across this news in Guardian about 'Alphabet and Facebook develop rival secret drone plans'; its an interesting read. As you may be aware Google is actively working with Sri Lanka and Indonesia for providing seamless internet access nationally.
It was nice to hear EE provide the second keynote which focused on 5G. I especially liked this slide which summarised their key 5G research areas. Their presentation is embedded below and available to download from slideshare.
The panel discussion was interesting as well. As the conference focused on timing and synchronisation, the questions were on those topics too. I have some of them below, interested to hear your thoughts:
- Who cares about syncing the core? - Everything has moved to packets, the only reason for sync is to coordinate access points in wireless for higher level services. We have multiple options to sync the edge, why bother to sync the core at all?
- We need synchronisation to improve the user's experience right? - Given the ever improving quality of the time-bases embedded within equipment, what exactly would happen to the user experience if synchronisation collapsed… or is good sync all about operators experience?
- IoT… and the impact on synchronisation- can we afford it? - M2M divisions of network operators make a very small fraction of the operator's revenue, is that going to change and will it allow the required investment in sync technology that it might require?
Sunday, 25 October 2015
Updates from the 3GPP RAN 5G Workshop - Part 3
Dish states that there are misconceptions about what satellite technology can deliver for 5G networks. Essentially Dish says that satellites will be capable of delivering two-way communications to support 5G.
A hybrid ground and space 5G network would use small satellites that each use a "spot beam" to provide a dedicated area of two-way coverage on the ground. This is different than the old model of using one satellite with a single beam to provide a one-way service like a TV broadcast over a landmass.
Dish argues that newer, smaller satellites, equipped with the latest multi-antenna arrays (MIMO) would allow for "ubiquitous connectivity through hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks," the operator writes. In this model, satellites could connect areas that it would be hard to network otherwise like mountains and lakes.
The presentation from Dish is as follows:
Alcatel-Lucent provided a whitepaper along with the presentation. The paper provides an interesting view of 5G from their point of view. Its embedded below:
The presentation from Kyocera focused on TD-LTE which I think will play a prominent role in 5G. In case of wide channels, TD-LTE can help predict the channel accurately, which is a drawback for FDD at high frequencies. Their presentation is available here.
The presentation from NEC focussed on different technologies that will play a role in 5G. Their presentation is available here.
commercialise 5G by 2017, even though 5G will not be fully specified according to 3GPP by then. Anyway, here is the presentation by KT.
Sunday, 16 August 2015
Challenges in the future 'Network of Networks'
If we look at the different access technologies, each has its own evolution in the coming years. Some of these are:
- Fixed/Terrestrial broadband: (A)DSL, Cable, Fiber
- Mobile Broadband: 3G, 4G and soon 5G
- Wireless Broadband: WiFi
- Laser communications
- LiFi or LED based communications
- High frequency sound based communications
- Seamless handovers between cellular and WiFi and vice versa.
There has been an interest in moving on to higher frequencies. These bands can be used for access as well as backhaul. The same applies for most of the access technologies listed above which can work as a backhaul to enable other access technologies.
While planned networks would be commonplace, other topologies like mesh network will gain ground too. Device to device and direct communications will help create ad-hoc networks.
While the current networks are mostly stationary, mobile networks will also become common. Opportunity Driven Multiple Access (ODMA) or Multihop Cellular Networks (MCN) would help devices use other devices to reach their destination. Non-standardised proprietary solutions (for example Firechat) will become common too. Security, Privacy and Trust will play an important role here.
Satellite networks, the truly global connectivity providers will play an important role too. While backhauling the small cells on planes, trains and ships will be an important part of satellite networks, they may be used for access too. Oneweb plans to launch 900 micro satellites to provide high speed global connectivity. While communications at such high frequencies mean that small form factor devices like mobile cant receive the signals easily, connected cars could use the satellite connectivity very well.
Samsung has an idea to provide connectivity through 4,600 satellites to be able to transmit 200GB monthly to 5 Billion people worldwide. While this is very ambitious, its not the only innovative and challenging idea. I am sure we all now about the Google loon. Facebook on the other hand wants to use a solar powered drone (UAV) to offer free internet access services to users who cannot get online.
As I mentioned, security and privacy will be a big challenge for devices being able to connect to multiple access networks and other devices. An often overlooked challenge is the timing and sync between different networks. In an ideal world all these networks would be phase and time synchronised to each other so as not to cause interference but in reality this will be a challenging task, especially with ad-hoc and moing networks.
I will be giving a keynote at the ITSF 2015 in November at Edinburgh. This is a different type of conference that looks at Time and Synchronisation aspects in Telecoms. While I will be providing a generic overview on where the technologies are moving (continuing from my presentation in Phase ready conference), I am looking forward to hearing about these challenges and their solutions in this conference.
Andy Sutton (Principal Network Architect) and Martin Kingston (Principal Designer) with EE have shared some of their thought on this topic which is as follows and available to download here.
Sunday, 21 June 2015
Broadband Access via Integrated Terrestrial & Satellite Systems
Last week I attended an event in the University of Surrey that was about providing high speed connectivity to un-served and under-served areas in future. While there is no arguing that satellites are a great option for unserved areas, the underserved areas can really benefit by such initiatives.
The way this is being proposed is to have a specialised Intelligent User Gateway (IUG) that can connect to ADSL, Mobile and Satellite. The assumption is that in areas of poor conectivity, ADSL can provide 2Mbps and the mobile could do something similar, upto 8Mbps. The satellites can easily do 20Mbps.
Evolution path of Satellite Broadband:
2005: 2 - 3Mbps
2010: 10 - 20 Mbps
2015: 30 - 30 Mbps
2020: roughly 100 Mbps
— Zahid Ghadialy (@zahidtg) June 11, 2015
While the satellite broadband has the advantage of high speeds, they often suffer from high latencies. ADSL on the other hand has very small latency but may not be good enough for streaming kind of applications. Mobile generally falls in between for latency and speed. Using Multipath TCP and some intelligent routing algorithms, decisions can be taken to optimise for latency and speeds.
I did see some impressive demo's in the lab and it did what is says on the tin. The real challenge would be the business models. While ADSL can offer unlimited internet, both Mobile and Satellite broadband will have caps. I was told that limits could be imposed so that once the Mobile/Satellite data allowance is over, only ADSL would be used. Maybe a more complex algorithm could be implemented in future that can include cost and priority of the application/service being used.
An example would be that sometimes I want to watch some long videos over Youtube but I am happy to start buffering an hour in advance. Its not critical that I have to watch that now. I would be more than happy to save my Mobile/Satellite broadband data allowance for some other day when I need to watch things more urgently. If the end of month is coming and I have a lot of data allowance left then maybe I dont mind using the quota otherwise I will anyway lose the allowance. Its always challenging to put this intelligence in the routing decision algorithms though.
Anyway, the combined presentations are embedded below and you can download them from the BATS project page here:
Saturday, 16 May 2015
Smart Homes of the Future and Technologies
Saw the above picture recently on Twitter. While its great to see how connected our future homes and even cities would be, it would be interesting to see what technologies are used for connecting these devices.
Cambridge Wireless had a smart homes event last month, there were some interesting presentations that I have detailed below.
The first of these technologies discussed is LoRa. As can be seen, its billed as ultimate long range (10 mile) and low power (10 year battery lifetime) technology. It uses spread-spectrum making it robust to channel noise. Here is the presentation:
The next technology is Zigbee 3.0. According to Zigbee Alliance:
The new standard unifies ZigBee standards found in tens of millions of devices delivering benefits to consumers today. The ZigBee 3.0 standard enables communication and interoperability among devices for home automation, connected lighting, energy efficiency and other markets so more diverse, fully interoperable solutions can be delivered by product developers and service providers. All device types, commands, and functionality defined in current ZigBee PRO-based standards are available to developers in the new standard.
ZigBee 3.0 defines the widest range of device types including home automation, lighting, energy management, smart appliance, security, sensors, and health care monitoring products. It supports both easy-to-use DIY installations as well as professionally installed systems. Based on IEEE 802.15.4, which operates at 2.4 GHz (a frequency available for use around the world), ZigBee 3.0 uses ZigBee PRO networking to enable reliable communication in the smallest, lowest-power devices. Current ZigBee Certified products based on ZigBee Home Automation and ZigBee Light Link are interoperable with ZigBee 3.0. A complete list of standards that have been merged to create ZigBee 3.0 can be seen on the website at www.ZigBee.org.
"The ZigBee Alliance has always believed that true interoperability comes from standardization at all levels of the network, especially the application level which most closely touches the user," said Tobin J. M. Richardson, President and CEO of the ZigBee Alliance. "Lessons learned by Alliance members when taking products to market around the world have allowed us to unify our application standards into a single standard. ZigBee 3.0 will allow product developers to take advantage of ZigBee's unique features such as mesh networking and Green Power to deliver highly reliable, secure, low-power, low-cost solutions to any market."
Finally, we have Bluetooth Smart mesh.
CSRmesh enables Bluetooth® low energy devices not only to receive and act upon messages, but also to repeat those messages to surrounding devices thus extending the range of Bluetooth Smart and turning it into a mesh network for the Internet of Things.
While the CW event was not able to discuss all possible technologies (and believe me there are loads of them), there are other popular contenders. Cellular IoT (CIoT) is one if them. I have blogged about the LTE Cat-0 here and 5G here.
A new IEEE Wi-Fi standard 802.11ah using the 900MHz band has been in works and will solve the need of connectivity for a large number of things over long distances. A typical 802.11ah access point could associate more than 8,000 devices within a range of 1 km, making it ideal for areas with a high concentration of things. The Wi-Fi Alliance is committed to getting this standard ratified soon. With this, Wi-Fi has the potential to become a ubiquitous standard for IoT. See also this article by Frank Rayal on this topic.
Finally, there is SIGFOX. According to their website:
SIGFOX uses a UNB (Ultra Narrow Band) based radio technology to connect devices to its global network. The use of UNB is key to providing a scalable, high-capacity network, with very low energy consumption, while maintaining a simple and easy to rollout star-based cell infrastructure.
The network operates in the globally available ISM bands (license-free frequency bands) and co-exists in these frequencies with other radio technologies, but without any risk of collisions or capacity problems. SIGFOX currently uses the most popular European ISM band on 868MHz (as defined by ETSI and CEPT) as well as the 902MHz in the USA (as defined by the FCC), depending on specific regional regulations.
Communication on SIGFOX is secured in many ways, including anti-replay, message scrambling, sequencing, etc. The most important aspect of transmission security is however that only the device vendors understand the actual data exchanged between the device and the IT systems. SIGFOX only acts as a transport channel, pushing the data towards the customer's IT system.
An important advantage provided by the use of the narrow band technology is the flexibility it offers in terms of antenna design. On the network infrastructure end it allows the use of small and simple antennas, but more importantly, it allows devices to use inexpensive and easily customizable antennas.
Sigfox is also working on project Mustang, a three-year effort to build a hybrid satellite/terrestrial IoT (internet of things) network. According to Rethink Research:
The all-French group also contains aerospace firm Airbus, research institute CEA-Leti and engineering business Sysmeca. The idea is to use Sigfox as the terrestrial data link, with satellite backhaul and connections to planes and boats provided by a low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation.
The satellite link could be added to either the end devices or the base station, so that if a device was unable to connect to the terrestrial Sigfox network, it could fall back to the satellite.
While the power requirements for this would be prohibitive for ultra-low power, battery-operated devices, for those with a wired power supply and critical availability requirements (such as smart meters, alarms, oil tankers and rigs) the redundancy would be an asset. These devices may transmit small amounts of data but when they do need to communicate, the signal must be assured.
The Sigfox base station could be fitted with a satellite uplink as a primary uplink as well as a redundancy measure in some scenarios where terrestrial network reach cannot be achieved. With a three-year lifecycle, Mustang's participants are looking to create a seamless global network, and note that the planned dual-mode terrestrial/satellite terminal will enable switching between the two channels in response to resource availability.
The group says that the development of this terminal modem chipset is a priority, with later optimization of the communication protocols being the next step before an application demonstration using an airplane.
The project adds that the full potential of the IoT can only be achieved by offering affordable mobile communications at a global scale and reach. Key to this is adapting existing networks, according to the group, which explains why Sigfox has been chosen – given that the company stresses the affordability of its system.
Saturday, 28 March 2015
Report on Spectrum Usage and Demand in the UK
Last week at work, we released a report titled "UK Spectrum Usage & Demand". The only time most people hear about spectrum is when there are some auctions going on. Often a small chunk of spectrum gets sold off for billion(s) of dollars/pounds and these surely make a headline. As I recently found out, 50% of spectrum in UK is shared and 25% is license exempt.
Anyway, this first edition of the report focuses on Public Mobile, Utilities, Business Radio and Space/Satellites. Space is becoming an important area of focus here as it is a significant contributor to the UK economy.
Anyway, the report is embedded below and is available to download from here:
Sunday, 15 March 2015
Air-Ground-Air communications in Mission Critical scenarios
Some of you may remember that couple of years back Ericsson showed an example of using LTE in extreme conditions. The video below shows that LTE can work in these scenarios.
Now there are various acronyms being used for these type of communications but the one most commonly used is Direct-Air-to-Ground Communications (DA2GC), Air-to-Ground (A2G) and Ground-to-Air (G2A).
While for short distance communications, LTE or any cellular technology (see my post on Flying Small Cells) may be a good option, a complete solution including communication over sea would require satellite connectivity as well. As I have mentioned in a blog post before, 75Mbps connectivity would soon be possible with satellites.
For those interested in working of the Air-Ground-Air communications, would find the presentation below useful. A much detailed ECC CEPT report from last year is available here.
The next challenge is to explore whether LTE can be used for Mission Critical Air Ground Air communications. 3GPP TSG RAN recently conducted study on the feasibility and the conclusions are as follows:
- Air-to-Ground communications can be provided using the LTE standards (rel-8 and beyond depending on the targeted scenarios).
- 3GPP UE RF requirements might need to be adapted
- It may be possible to enhance the performance of the communications with some standards changes, but these are in most cases expected to be non-fundamental optimizations
- Engineering and implementation adaptations are required depending on the deployment scenario. In particular, the ECC report [1] comments that from implementation point of view synchronization algorithms are to be modified compared to terrestrial mobile radio usage in order to cope with high Doppler frequency shift of the targeted scenario. In addition, some network management adaptations might be needed. From engineering perspective the Ground base station antenna adjustment has to be matched to cover indicated aircraft heights above ground up to 12 km by antenna up-tilt. It is also expected that the inter-site distances would be dominated by the altitudes to be supported [5].
- A2G technology using legacy LTE has been studied and successfully trialed covering different kinds of services: Surfing, downloading, e-mail transmission, use of Skype video, audio applications and Video conferencing. Related results can be found in several documents from ECC and from companies [1], [2], [3]. The trials in [1] and [2] assumed in general a dedicated spectrum, and the fact that the communications in the aircraft cabin are using WIFI or GSMOBA standards, while LTE is used for the Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground connection between the Aircraft station and the Ground base station.
- It is understood that it is possible to operate A2G communications over spectrum that is shared with ground communications. However, due to interference it is expected that the ground communications would suffer from capacity losses depending on the deployment scenario. Therefore, it is recommended to operate A2G communication over a dedicated spectrum.
- It can be noted that ETSI studies concluded that Spectrum above 6 GHz is not appropriate for such applications [4].
- LTE already provides solutions to allow seamless mobility in between cells. Cells can be intended for terrestrial UEs and cells intended for A2G UEs which might operate in different frequencies.
- Cell range in LTE is limited by the maximum timing advance (around 100km). Larger ranges could be made possible by means of implementation adaptations.
Friday, 21 November 2014
In-flight broadband connectivity service with speeds up to 75Mbps
Came across the following Inmarsat press release:
His presentation is above and the video is as follows. Please forward to 1:36:00 to watch his part
Friday, 26 November 2010
Iridium NEXT: Next Generation Satellite Network
To download see: http://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk
Thursday, 1 July 2010
Iridium making good progress
Friday, 23 April 2010
GPS to become commonplace and far more accurate
Satellite navigation systems take their location cues from 30 GPS satellites that circle the Earth twice a day transmitting status, date and time, and orbital information. Soon there will be around 100 satellites to lock on to as GPS is joined by global constellations from Europe (Galileo), Russia (GLONASS), and China (Compass).
GPS wasn't built to help us find our way to the shops - it was a Cold War project funded by the US Department of Defense to ensure that nuclear submarines could surface and target their missiles accurately. There are strategic rumblings about the new satellite constellations too, but the current consensus is that civilians have most to gain from more accurate and reliable location and tracking applications. That's if receiver designers can get the power consumption under control.
Russia's GLONASS system used to be famous for its satellites failing faster than they were launched, but since last month it has had 24 functioning satellites in orbit. Meanwhile, Europe's much-delayed Galileo system will have 14 satellites operating by 2014, according to the European Commission, with the full 30 available by 2017. The US GPS system is being modernised to become GPS III by 2013, with additional navigation signals for both civilian and military use. Information about China's Compass system is sketchier - it was going to be a regional system but is now understood to be global.
'All this activity is great news because whatever the application, there will potentially be multiple constellations to get a position fix from, which will help with signal integrity in safety-critical environments such as maritime, aviation or rail, and accuracy for mobile phone users in urban areas,' says Andrew Sage, director of Helios, a consultancy specialising in satellite navigation.
A GPS receiver should be able to 'see' at least four GPS satellites anytime, anywhere on the globe and establish three position coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude). But in city streets hemmed in by tall buildings, a receiver is unlikely to be able detect more than two satellites and the signals will often have bounced off structures.
'For the average pedestrian, the position fix can be a long way out and very unpredictable,' says Sage. 'Most users don't see that today because GPS receivers match us to maps and smooth the errors out. But if you are walking around a city and not on a road in a car, multi-path reflections are a problem.'
The more satellites visible from within these 'urban canyons', the easier it is to carry out consistency checks on the received signals. 'Even when you can't isolate the multipath-contaminated signals, the more signals you have, the more your errors average out,' says Dr Paul Groves, lecturer in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), navigation and location technology at UCL.
Better GNSS integrity would enable new applications, such as road-user charging, enforcing bail conditions and pay-as-you-drive insurance. 'Clearly, if position information might be used as legal evidence, it has to be reliable,' says Groves.
The delayed arrival of Galileo and the resurrection of GLONASS have complicated matters for receiver makers. Galileo was designed to offer the simplest possible upgrade path from GPS to a dual-constellation system. Agreements were made to put the carrier frequencies of the main open services in the same part of the spectrum as GPS, at around 1575MHz, so receivers could share the same radio, analogue components and antenna. Both systems also send their signals using a spread-spectrum code-division multiple-access (CDMA) approach. GLONASS uses a frequency-division multiple-access coding technique (FDMA) and a main open-service carrier frequency of 1602.2MHz.
Thursday, 25 June 2009
SatNav need an integrated solution
But imagine that you have a navigation tool or gadget which acts as your own personal travel guide. It has satellite navigation, so when you get into your car it can direct you to where you want to go. It can choose the most carbon-efficient route and make sure you avoid crowded town centres, traffic jams and road works. It can let you know where the next petrol station is, and whether there is an Italian restaurant near your hotel. Before you arrive you will know which of the town car parks have spaces left. And when you've finally parked the car, take your guide with you and it will direct you, on foot, to your final destination.
For anyone who has found themselves stuck in a traffic jam, or has been unable to find a car park in a busy town centre, or has got lost on foot, it sounds too good to be true. Yet the technology to make it happen is already here. So why aren't we all carrying such a device in our pockets?
The question which then arises is that why the universal travel widget isn't at hand. One of the reasons for that is that several different worlds have to collide and co-operate. First of all there is a massive competition together with a huge confusion regarding the platforms in which such device can be built on. To start with we have got proprietary platforms like TomTom and Garmin, and then we've got the at least five major mobile phone operating systems.
The obvious competition between these different platforms has instigated some suspicion but apart from this the mobile companies also have yet to ¬recognize the potential of phones as navigation devices.
You can argue that many mobile phones are already GPS-enabled but in my opinion this doesn't necessary make them effective at navigation. For instance try using your blackberry as a navigation device and you'll find that battery has quickly drained out. The mobile phone world is slowly coming to terms with the needs of navigation on mobiles, such as better ¬battery life and bigger screens. Infact GPS alone doesn't offer the precision needed to navigate pedestrians, and so to be useful needs to be combined with another positioning service such as Wi-Fi. This has been done with the iPhone, for example.
The accuracy and granularity of data used in satellite navigation systems is very critical and has to be improving all the time. The real problem lies in integration where the data needed to provide a coherent information service to a navigation device is held by different organisations in a number of different places. While there are companies that are providing some location-based information such as information about ATMs, speed cameras, train times or tourist sites but there is no company in my knowledge that offers everything.
Combining all the information and hence provided through a single device at a one point of time that information isn't going to be easy. The challenges which lies in this are not solely technical for example there's a data aggregation problem to bring it altogether, including highway changes, updates from local authorities and then there's a physical problem in gathering all that up.
Even if the above issues are solved there is still a major part of the problem which is revenue. How one would make money out of integrated Satnav device? There's a difference between what can be done technically and a viable ¬product that can be sold. How do you turn that into something that fits in a business model?"
Organisations that have valuable data rarely want to give it away for free, licences to reuse companies or government's mapping data commercially are expensive. Similarly, there is no incentive for the Highways Agency or local authorities, for example, to share information about traffic conditions. Even the government website Transport Direct, which provides free up-to-date transport information, has restrictions on the integration of its content with other services.
So now you may realize that how trying to highlight the potential of the problem. It's a mammoth task to bring all the above information together into one place as everyone wants their pound of flesh because everyone has developed their own data infrastructure and it's just very difficult to get them to agree.
I certainly hold the opinion that inspite of all these hiccups the demand for an all-in-one travel service almost certainly exists. People simply really want a so called integration or integrated device which can work across different ¬locations i.e. home, work, on the move etc.
It's evident from the above facts that the emergence of a ¬genuinely integrated solution will depend on a government initiative to force public sector organisations such as Highways Agencies, Transport for London and local authorities to collaborate, or on a private sector organisation taking a ¬commanding lead in terms of developing location technologies.
Google is one such company which is creeping up with a whole series of ¬initiatives that are steadily putting the pieces in place. Best example for this is Google Maps which are now readily available on all mobile platforms and is integrated with traffic data from the Highways Agency. Not only this, the Google Maps application interface (API) allows third parties to build their own applications as well.
Google, no doubt is leading with an example in terms of it's initiatives towards serving the customers in best possible way. Google certainly knows what the customers want which I believe a mini innovation in these current economic climate.
Location has always been such an absolutely fundamental framework for our lives, and we inevitably must embrace tools that allow us to manage that. I envisage a society in 20 years' time revolutionised by the ability to know all the location based information.
Wednesday, 17 December 2008
Satellite based Mobile Internet of the future
Advances in information technology are fundamentally changing the way military conflicts are resolved. The ability to transmit detailed information quickly and reliably to and from all parts of the globe will help streamline military command and control and ensure information superiority, enabling faster deployment of highly mobile forces capable of adapting quickly to changing conditions in the field. Satellite communications play a pivotal role in providing the interoperable, robust, "network-centric" communications needed for future operations.
Military satellite communications (or milsatcom) systems are typically categorized as wideband, protected, or narrowband. Wideband systems emphasize high capacity. Protected systems stress antijam features, covertness, and nuclear survivability. Narrowband systems emphasize support to users who need voice or low-data-rate communications and who also may be mobile or otherwise disadvantaged (because of limited terminal capability, antenna size, environment, etc.).
For wideband communication needs, the Wideband Gapfiller Satellite program and the Advanced Wideband System will augment and eventually replace the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS). These satellites will transmit several gigabits of data per second—up to ten times the data flow of the satellites being replaced. Protected communications will be addressed by a global extremely high frequency (EHF) system, composed of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency System and Advanced Polar System. These systems are expected to provide about ten times the capacity of current protected satellites (the Milstar satellites). Narrowband needs are supported by the UFO (Ultrahigh-frequency Follow-On) constellation, which will be replaced by a component of the Advanced Narrowband System
Although the EHF band is a relatively lightly used part of the electromagnetic spectrum (30-300 GHz), it is for good reason. Atmospheric attenuation is the biggest problem faced in this band, especially around 60 GHz, however the frequencies are viable for short distance terrestrial based communication links, such as microwave Internet and telecommunication links (which already operate in this band). Millimetre wave radar, probably best known as the radar that can see through your clothes but not your skin, also operates in this band.
Designed to avoid problematic frequencies that are more susceptible to attenuation, but accepting increased overall atmospheric attenuation, are an increasing number of military and civil satellite systems that are using this band for uplink and downlink, as well as inter-satellite communication. Inter-satellite communication is really where EHF equipment shines (no atmosphere, small antennas, high data rates).
Civilian systems are currently around the Ku band (Intelsat), providing data rates of up to 2-4 Mbps (14 GHz uplink, 12 GHz downlink) however these rates have still to trickle into everyday user's hands for remote and mobile Internet access. It is more common that an aggregator will access this link/rate and use that to then portion out local Internet access. Systems such as this are in use for remote Australian territories like Cocos and Christmas Islands, and formed the backbone of Boeing's stillborn Connexion in-flight Internet access. High ongoing access costs (basically a share of the overall cost of the satellite) and limited access slots help keep the technology away from everyday use at this time. Militaries and governments around the globe also lease access on these circuits when they need the added capability, with Intelsat and Inmarsat systems being used in the first Gulf War.
Advanced EHF is designed to provide 24 hour coverage from 65 North, to 65 South across the K and Ka sub bands, and when combined with the prototyped Extended Data Rate (XDR) terminals and systems, will offer up to 8.2 Mbps data rates for around 4,000 terminals in concurrent use per satellite footprint (whether that scales to 12,000 systems in concurrent use globally isn't clear from source material).
Within the tri-satellite constellation, inter-satellite EHF links will allow terminals on opposite sides of the globe to communicate in near real-time without the use of a terrestrial link. Combined with smaller, directional antennas and the various options for anti-jamming technology, it represents a significant military capability for the US.
Already plans are being drawn up for the Transformational Satellite Communications System (T-Sat) which will replace Advanced EHF starting sometime in 2013, however it is already facing funding troubles. This could be problematic, with Advanced EHF still struggling to reach capability and the final launch not scheduled until April 2010. Dropping the fourth satellite of the Advanced EHF constellation has been planned to give the USAF time to implement T-Sat more rapidly.
If GPS and remote imaging (think Google Earth) have proven anything, it is that technology initially developed for military purposes, and extremely expensive for initial civil use, will eventually reach the point where it forms part of our daily lives without us ever being conscious of the massive investment to get to that point.


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Magento is avulnerable source for e-commerce platform which was written in PHP. The software was originally developed by Varien Inc. a US private company headquarters at Culver City, California. It is an enterprise class eCommerce platform with 100,000+ merchants using worldwide and more than a 1,000 Magento stores come online every day.
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Rasmussen puts Toomey up 6 over Sestak.
Perhaps the most eye-opening figure in the poll? Twenty-seven percent see Toomey's views as "extreme," while 39 percent see Sestak the same way.
Support for Sestak has remained in the 36% to 40% range in matchups with Toomey back to February, except for a brief surge after his mid-May victory over incumbent Arlen Specter in the state's Democratic Senate Primary. During that same time frame, Toomey has received 42% to 47% of the vote.
With figures like that, it appears the Democrat's chances are Toomed.


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Being a creation directed by Micah Brandt, this film in English (subtitles) was presented in 2015. This film, a creation of Etai Bachenheimer-Nahary, was produced in USA and Germany. You can watch Robbery of the Heart online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2015.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 80 minutes
Harry Weichsel and Martina Kepper.
80-minute film (full movie) directed by Micah Brandt.
The original audio of Robbery of the Heart has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA, Germany.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2015.
Screenplay written by Etai Bachenheimer-Nahary.
Benjamin Strobel.
Frank Borres and Micah Brandt.
This film was produced and / or financed by UFO Pictures.
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Without commercial breaks, the full movie Robbery of the Heart has a duration of 80 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
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Gutless Wonders and the Control Illusion
Ian Davis, previously worldwide MD of McKinsey, once said, "Long-gone is the day of the gut-instinct management style. Today's business leaders are adopting algorithmic decision-making techniques and using highly sophisticated software to run their organisations." An astounding example of the control illusion. Nothing sits better in a crisis than intense rationality. Trouble is, we're deluding ourselves. For one thing – as neuroscientist Antonion Damasio proved by studying people with damage to the part of the brain where emotions are generated – decisions are driven by emotions. With our rational brain... Read The Rest →
Resilience & Adaptability
A while back I posted up this deck on Unleasing Innovation & 21st Century Scale. Unleashing innovation & 21st century scale – Palindromic Queries View more presentations from ResonanceBlog Just thought I'd follow up with a new Palindromic Query: The greater the external influence on something, the more resilient and adaptable it becomes. Consider children, immune systems, evolution, nano-architecture and the way a plant grows thicker on the surface that's most exposed to the elements. Consider societies or social groups with least external influence and the affect on their resilience... Read The Rest →
It's My Ass on the Line
When you're trying to keep up in a fast-changing world, fast is better than slow. Customers expect nothing less than lightning response. Markets demand it. The best people presume it. Most companies aren't geared up for this accelerating pace, particularly big ones. The result is lack of innovation and too often, slow death. Sometimes sudden death. There are loads of reasons for this. Here are a few: 1. 'It's my ass on the line' syndrome. The biggest symptom of a deep-rooted blame culture, leading to inability to stick your neck... Read The Rest →
From machines to ecosystems
When we talk about thriving in the digital age, we tend to revert to discussing how to leverage social media, mobile and other cool channels. There's nothing wrong with that (and I do it myself!), but it can be useful to consider the bigger picture now and then. The challenges we face in business are not related to technology, they're related to human beings. The industrial revolution brought us machines; and with it linear, machine-age thinking, articulated in machine-age language that in turn makes us think more like machines. This... Read The Rest →
Innovation killers
There are two types of company out there: companies who encourage their mavericks and companies who constrict them until they're forced out (after months, often years, of long-drawn-out subpar productivity). There's a scary tendency in many companies for the best people – those most likely to produce big leaps forward – to do their innovative stuff under the radar, keeping schtum about their latest super-cool project, in case the powers that be stick their ore in and squish it dead before it's off the ground. Yes, this is ridiculous. Yes,... Read The Rest →
Heaven for mavericks
Ricardo Semler took over his Dad's Brazilian business, Semco, in the 80s. Semco now employs over 3,000 people in manufacturing, professional services and high-tech. They increased their annual revenues from $35 million to $165 million between 1994 and 2001. At its peak, there was a 17-month waiting list for the bi-weekly tour of Semco, as corporate leaders from all over the world clamored for a peek at their magic dust. Semco has no org chart, no official structure, no business plan, no company strategy, no 3-year or 5-year plan, no... Read The Rest →
Kill false assumptions & evolve
Many of us are making decisions based on false assumptions every single day. In fact we're underpinning our businesses, organisations, products and personal lives with false assumptions. We keep on doing things that have been proven wrong, that haven been proven not to work, despite mounting evidence that there's a better way. Our false assumptions are memes, i.e. viral cultural ideas we pass from human to human, brain to brain (you can read a bit more about memes in my previous post on replicators here). Sometimes we keep spreading memes... Read The Rest →
Markets are conversations… so what? Part II
Following my last post a few folk asked me to expand on how to enable two-way comms. To cut a long story short, if you're a big company with loads of people wanting to talk, the only way to get scale is to empower your staff to talk to customers. Companies who've been around for a long time often can't see a way to make this happen – or it's already happening in pockets under the radar and they don't know how to control it. The important point to remember... Read The Rest →
Introducing Palindromic Queries
Unleashing innovation & 21st century scale – Palindromic Queries View more presentations from ResonanceBlog.
Rory Sutherland on…. Crowdsourcing
A while ago I interviewed Rory Sutherland on all things collaboration, future-of-the-internet, human behaviour… I'll chop it up and release as a series of excerpts on various topics. Will try to do one a day. Here goes… first episode on Crowdsourcing. Rory Sutherland on… Crowdsourcing from Jane Young on Vimeo.
Brookside, postboxes & SaaS development
Loads of illuminating analogies have emerged in conversations with Andrew Missingham, but today there's one in particular that popped up… You may remember when the soap Brookside launched on Channel 4. The storylines were based around folk living in a close of houses. They had some trouble at the outset however, in that script writers realised they hadn't created enough 'stock devices' – places where people could meet that would fuel the dramatic unfolding of events. Their answer was to put a postbox on the street, so residents would accidentally... Read The Rest →
20 questions for agency biz dev
Client development is more important than ever in a business culture that has shifted markedly from hunting mode to farming mode (Seth Godin articulates this shift eloquently in his blog here). I was recently asked to write a biz dev article and thought I'd post up an extract – my list of 20 questions agencies should ask themselves, given that they're five times more likely to grow existing business than win new (and it's the only real chance of short term revenue). 1. Do you celebrate those who grow existing... Read The Rest →
Humanity 2.0 on slideshare homepage
Nice one slideshare! "Hey ResonanceBlog! Your presentation Complexity & Humanity 2.0 has been selected amongst the 'Top Presentations of the Day' on the SlideShare homepage. Our editorial team would like to thank you for this awesome presentation, that has been chosen from amongst the thousands that are uploaded to SlideShare everday. Congratulations! Have a Great Day! - The SlideShare team p.s. Why not blog/twitter this and let the world know about the masterpiece you have created?"
More complexity theory & humanity 2.0
Complexity & Humanity 2.0 View more presentations from ResonanceBlog.
Adhocracy Vs Bureaucracy
40 years ago, Toffler said, 'It will be a long time before the last bureaucratic hierarchy is obliterated. For bureaucracies are well suited to tasks that require masses of moderately educated men to perform routine operations.' Bureaucracy makes sense where no radical change is taking place, but it stands to reason that a startling increase in change in the environment around us calls for a shorter life span of organisational forms. Likewise, hierarchy becomes inefficient when we need more info, more interaction, quicker decision-making, rapid action. There are all sorts... Read The Rest →
Big lumpy clumpy balls of crap
Leading on from the previous post about the coolness of chaos… Have you ever had to deal with a big lumpy piece of complex old software that was written years ago, then updated countless times, new bits added on, a new guy adding another bit, bolt-ons, sticking plasters and fixes… until it's a big slow cumbersome piece of crap nobody can change or work with? That's pretty much industry as it stands – and other big systems for that matter (e.g. government, education). Since the industrial revolution, we've... Read The Rest →
Companies Vs. Tribes
Let's compare for a moment. You can compare in terms of pretty much anything: efficiency, effectiveness, happiness… Some brief examples: Communications C: Spread from the top down T: Spread from anywhere to everywhere, via the centre Growth C: Recruit from the top, hiring below T: Recruit from anywhere, hiring everywhere Innovation C: Creation from the bottom, managed from the top T: Creation from everywhere, no management needed Bliss C: Everyone spends their time inside the company's expensive box, developing ideas with others from the same company T: Everyone works from... Read The Rest →
It's happening (scrmblr style)…
Seth Godin's recent post here hit the nail on the head. He says 'TV advertisers are finally discovering that YouTube + viral imagination = free media… The biggest shift is going to be that organizations that could never have afforded a national campaign will suddenly have one. The same way that there's very little correlation between popular websites and big companies, we'll see that the most popular commercials get done by little shops that have nothing to lose.' Funny he should say that. It's exactly what we Scrmblrs ('scramblers') are... Read The Rest →
Are you a Fraggle or a Doozer?
Unlike Fraggles, Doozers love to work all day long; and they hate playing games. With the help of various Doozer machines and vehicles, they build elaborate constructions all over Fraggle Rock, like towers, buildings, roads and bridges. Their building materials, Doozer Sticks, are made of radish dust. Doozer Sticks are the Fraggles' favorite snack, and they love to eat the buildings that Doozers build. The Doozers don't mind their buildings being eaten; if the Fraggles didn't eat the constructions, the Doozers would run out of building space. Doozers and Fraggles... Read The Rest →
More on Punk Capitalism
Someone asked me yesterday what exactly Punk Capitalism means… Punk was all about a DIY revolution, rejecting authority and hierarchy, working for yourself without taking cues from the mass market, setting up businesses that aren't fussed about competing and place purpose over profit, advocating that we should produce as much as we consume. Nowadays we're all working more independently and struggle with crappy managers / bosses, we want richer experiences and creativity is our most valuable currency. We're coming to the end of the Industrial Revolution cycle… the final nails... Read The Rest →


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Annie Build Guide by Fofer
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
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Annie Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Annie is a very squishy glass cannon that can late game burst even the toughest bruisers down to basically nothing with this build. This build also gives you the survivability that you need to stay alive during those major team fights and still get those triple, quad, and penta kills :)
Use your q to last hit minions because if not your laneing phase will be cut short due to a lack of mana. If you are losing in lane then you must turret hug and ask your jungler to help until you get the upper hand because without the upper hand as Annie you wont have much of anything until at least mid to end game.
Passive- Every 5th ability stuns your opponent for 1.75 seconds. This passive should be used by your r because it does alot of damage and stuns them for tibbers to whack on them a little.
Q- Use your q to last hit and harass your opponent.
W- Same as your Q but do less often
E- Its a shield. Do the maths...
R- It's mutha fkin tibbers KILL THEM WITH IT!!.
T- Instantly Kills opponent... Cheater...


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To ensure that your website is as easy as possible to crawl, keep your site architecture flat. Don't use too many sub folders, instead use descriptive names for each page. Keep your pages with the most competitive keywords in their names, close to the root folder, so they will gain a higher page rank.
A great way to optimize your search engine is to provide use internal links. This means you have an easy access to links within your own site. This provides an easier database for customers of viewers to use and will end up boosting the amount of traffic you have.
Find some SEO forums that take site review requests. Participate in the forums then ask fellow members to take look at your website. When someone you don't know well visits your website they can analyze it critically and unemotional, then highlight mistakes and suggest ways for you to improve your website's search engine optimization.
While purchasing a domain name may seem like the right way to go, many search engines do not recommend it. Some search engines have a long delay for adding new sites to their existing lists, and last thing you want is to delay getting new visitors. Using your existing website is more feasible, since the wait time for some engines is up to a full year.
Decide whether or not you want to use a link farm. Link farms are sites without content that just have thousands of links. This is generally seen as a negative thing. However, these do appear in search engines, and can help you rise in the ranks. It is your decision as to what is most important: rapport with other sites, or search engine rankings.
As mentioned at the start of this article, it's very important that you do not allow your efforts to go to waste. Learning the proper optimization tactics for the search engines out there is how your site or business goes from a simple start-up to being a legitimate and popular brand online. Use the tips you've just read to your advantage in SEO.$1*/ mo hosting! Get going with GoDaddy!


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Nestled above the picturesque town of Midway and resting in the shadow of the Wasatch Mountains lies Soldier Hollow at Wasatch Mountain State Park. Although it is primary known as an Olympic venue, Soldier Hollow hosts a variety of activities throughout the fall, spring and summer. Athletes of world-class ability and weekend recreationists enjoy the facility on a year-round basis.
Click the following link to submit your Request for Proposal or contact Allison Diamond at firstname.lastname@example.com
The primary building on the Soldier Hollow grounds is the beautiful awarding winning Lodge, which can be booked for wedding receptions, family gatherings and other functions. The Competition Center is home to the eighty student Soldier Hollow Charter School, and also serves as the nerve center for major events, ranging from U.S. Cross Country Skiing Championships to the annual Soldier Hollow Classic Sheepdog Championships.
A tubing park, with music and lights, has two lifts and several lanes up to 1,200 feet long, allowing people of all ages the chance to enjoy the snow.
The facility features a 31-kilometer trail system for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in the winter and mountain biking (including mountain bike biathlon), hiking and equestrian use in the summer.
In addition to the trail system, a state-of-the-art biathlon range that was used for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sits in a protected knoll. The Biathlon range is used for a variety of summer and winter two-sport activities.


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HP's Elite X3 Windows Phone launches next month for $699
The phone that wants to replace your laptop hits stores on August 29th.
Valve's mobile version of Steam finally hits Windows Phone
Apologies to your wallet.
A newsletter a day keeps the FOMO at bay.
Microsoft updates Windows Maps as Here support is set to expire
It has improved transit navigation, multiple searches and better offline support.
PayPal is killing its Windows Phone, BlackBerry and Amazon apps
Say goodbye to those apps on June 30th.
The collapse of Microsoft and Nokia's mobile business
A 10-year fall from grace.
LastPass app takes the pain out of two-factor sign-ins
LastPass Authenticator saves you the trouble of punching in numbers.
Here Maps stops supporting Windows devices
You'll need to use Microsoft's native apps if you want Here navigation in the future.
Windows Phone sales have almost ground to a halt
Android and iOS now own 98 percent of the smartphone market.
VAIO's debut Windows 10 phone is prettier than its name suggests
VAIO Phone Biz sounds like a toy, looks like a dream.


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Video interview: Mona Eltahawy and Leila Ahmed discuss FP "Why DoThey Hate US" piece
Abstract: Saudi Arabia enforces a ban on woman driving on the grounds that it is prohibited by sharia law. Women's associations have actively denounced this ban for years, arguing that it was the only Muslim country which had such a peculiar interpretation of Islamic law. A power play is taking place online on this subject between the ulema (who support the ban), the Saudi authorities and feminine associations. This situation raises the question: "Who decides what is licit or illicit in Islam?" Muslim women's associations merely ask for the implementation in Muslim countries of the "best practices" in Islamic law which exist anywhere, as a substitute for those laws which are unfavorable to women's rights or do not protect their interests adequately.
Women Living Under Muslim Laws, the Violence is not our Culture Campaign, and Justice for Iran are pleased to announce the release of a new publication: Mapping Stoning in Muslim Contexts. This report locates where the punishment of stoning is still in practice, either through judicial (codified as law) or extrajudicial (outside the law) methods.
This report documents discrimination by Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Education in denying girls physical education in state schools, as well as discriminatory practices by the General Presidency for Youth Welfare, a youth and sports ministry, in licensing women's gyms and supporting only all-male sports clubs. The National Olympic Committee of Saudi Arabia also has no programs for women athletes and has not fielded women in past Olympic Games.
Repression and state violence is likely to continue to plague the Middle East and North Africa in 2012 unless governments in the region and international powers wake up to the scale of the changes being demanded of them, Amnesty International warned today in a new report into the dramatic events of the last year.
In the 80-page Year of Rebellion: State of Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa, the organization describes how governments across the region were willing in 2011 to deploy extreme violence in an attempt to resist unprecedented calls for fundamental reform.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia signed and ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW Convention) in 2000, yet maintained certain reservations, especially in regards to Article 2, stating that "In case of contradiction between any term of the Convention and the norms of Islamic law, the Kingdom is not under obligation to observe the contradictory terms of the Convention."
This 52-page report assesses five years of Saudi reforms under King Abdullah from a human rights perspective. It finds that reform has manifested itself chiefly in greater tolerance for diverse opinions and an expanded public role for women, but that royal initiatives have been largely symbolic, with only modest concrete gains or institutional protection for rights.


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Preview: Exclusive Secret Invasion Thor #1 Pages
Marvel has provided Newsarama with a sneak peek at August's Secret Invasion: Thor #1 - With a Beaten Down Beta Ray Bill. The solicitation for the issue reads --- COVER BY: GABRIELE DELL'OTTO, WRITER: MATT FRACTION,
THE STORY: The Skrulls are coming for Asgard, and they've got the gods in their sights! But it's not just the pantheon who stand to suffer the repercussions of the aliens' secret invasion -- the citizens of small-town Broxton, Oklahoma are about to become collateral damage in the attack...and the God of Thunder must defend two cites at once! For a job this big, Thor will have to turn to one of his oldest and closest allies...Beta Ray Bill!
Rated T+ ...$2.99 IN STORES: August 6, 2008
Got a comment? There's lots of conversation on Newsarama's FACEBOOK and TWITTER!


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I may have written the book, but I need my Great Christmas Book! I am very grateful for the reminders this book contains, and the priority on creating a gratitude list and intention for every day.
Today I am thankful for music, the chance to sleep in a bit this morning, and reconnecting with my husband after a long day of house projects yesterday. Today my intention was to enjoy our home and reconnect with Steve, both of which I succeeded in doing!


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Ellen DeGeneres opened up home to firefighters after blaze battle
Ellen Degeneres has opened up about how California's wildfires almost claimed her home, revealing she put up 16 firefighters for the night to repay them for their bravery. The blaze ravaged hillsides in Ventura County near Los Angeles over the weekend (04-05May13), putting dozens of homes at risk of burning to the ground.
The fires spread due to strong winds, and the flames headed dangerously close to DeGeneres' farm. Firefighters raced to the scene to battle the blaze and ensure it didn't reach the TV funnywoman's estate, and now the star has detailed the blaze drama.
In a segment she taped for her talk show, which will air in the U.S. on Tuesday (07May12), DeGeneres says, "It was really scary. I don't know if you were watching the news over the weekend here in Los Angeles in the California area… There were just fires everywhere. This was our farm. I wasn't there."
Showing footage of the property, she says, "We had someone there taking care of it… we had to evacuate the horses and scary as can be (sic). That's one of the cabins, it's like right behind. Just unbelievable, the air quality is still really, really bad out there. But everything was charred. People lost a lot of land. No houses were lost.
"The firefighters are amazing. You women and men who do this are amazing. So we were up against a mountain and I was watching our house on the news. The helicopter was above our house. It's just surreal to be watching… that's our house.
"The firefighters were based in several homes in our area. And our farm was one of them. They were on our property. And we had 16 firefighters that spent the night there. They had dinner there. They had breakfast there. They showered there. We were so glad that we could help them. They worked so, so hard. So thank you to all the firefighters everywhere."


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