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1) Tell us about your latest book.
First, I want to say thank you for this opportunity to visit with the Dames! It's an honor to be among the wonderful authors y'all have visited with, and I'm grateful.
I'm so excited about VOW UNBROKEN, my historical Christian romance set in 1832 Texas, that's just been released from Howard Books, a division of Simon and Schuster. My heroine, Susannah Baylor reluctantly hires Henry Buckmeyer to help her along the Jefferson Trace—a hard stretch between her Northeast Texas farm and the cotton market—where she's determined to get a fair price for her crop.
It's been a long, rough ten years since her young husband died, and she's in danger of losing the land left to her and the children and must get both her wagons safely to Jefferson. Henry has reputation as a lay-about. While she's prepared for his insolence, she never expects his good looks or irresistible, gentle manner. Soon they are entwined in a romantic relationship that only gets more complicated because Henry doesn't know God the way she does.
Dangers arise on the trace–but none as difficult as the trial her heart is going through. Will Susannah and Henry's love overcome their differences? And will she get her crop to market and sale it for enough to save her farm? I pray readers will enjoy Sue and Henry's adventurous tale, and that they'll be drawn into a closer relationship with God for reading it!
2) Can you share a little bit about what you're working on now or what's coming next?
The next title of my Lone Star Novels series is HEART STOLEN and twelve years have passed. Levi, Sue's fourteen-year-old nephew in VOW has grown up and is a Texas Ranger under the Republic's first president Sam Houston. He's dispatched to pick up some stolen women and children from Comanche camps across Texas, and runs into a Sassy Fogelsong, a long-ago playmate of his cousin-sister in VOW, Rebecca. He gives up his own horse and gun in trade for her and promises to get her home to Red River County, hopefully in time for Aunt Sue's Thanksgiving dinner.
3) Who are your favorite authors, the ones you read when you should be doing something else? Why do they appeal to you?
It is really hard for me to get through a book because of time issues. Besides writing, I'm rearing four grandsons and those boys are always wanting to know what's for eats! However I do always have a book going, and mostly those from my author friends, because I want to read theirs and support them. And when I get into a series, I love revisiting people I already know. Right now, Stephanie Landsem's THE THIEF and Amy Lillard's GIDEON'S BRIDE are in my queue.
Favorite authors back before I started writing was Bodie Thoene, love-love her Zion Covenant and Chronicles series especially. Those books make me laugh and cry, and my heart is bound to Israel. I also enjoyed Colleen McCullough's way with words although she tells a lot, it's beautiful telling. I devoured her FIRST MAN IN ROME series.
4) Promotion is a big—and usually the most hated—part of being a writer. Can you share a little bit about how you promote?
Oh, I don't hate marketing at all. I love that part of being an author almost as much because that's what brings me into contact with the people, my readers who I get to visit with and share testimonies of God greatness. I do enjoy the writing process, but it is the vehicle that gets me to my readers. I believe they are why I write. Granted, the hours spent on the computer and phone setting up launch parties, book signings, interviews, TV shows and radio spots are long and lonely, but then comes the reward for all the effort—being with the folks!
5) How long have you been writing?
Though as a twelve-year-old I aspired to being an intergalactically famous author hopping from planet to planet autographing books by the year 2000, I didn't start writing seriously for publication until the mid eighties, and was writing with my high school sweetheart husband then. We co-authored nine titles released from four presses starting in 2000, so I did at least make to publication, though the space program let me down. So, it's basically going on thirty years that I've been writing. VOW UNBROKEN is my first novel from a major house, I'm so blessed!
6) What do you consider the single most satisfying aspect of being a writer?
Having the friends I've created on the page being enjoyed by others has got to be the most fun and satisfying part of writing for a living. Of course, I love the freedom to work anywhere, and I really enjoy seeing McAdoo on those spines! I don't know why I love the spines so much, but I sure do!
7) Tell us a little bit about where you live.
After more than fifty years of being a city girl in the DFW Metroplex, God led us to Red River County, known as The Gateway to Texas for all the famous first Texans who arrived by way of the river and entered the state on our borders. It's in the far northeast corner close to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. TV calls it the Ark-La-Tex.
We moved into a brand new home the Lord built in July 2013 I named The Peaceable. It's five miles south out of Clarksville, the county seat. We're about a thousand yards back into the woods, and you can't even see any evidence of it from the road. My kitchen window looks out onto a pond—they call 'em pools in east Texas—and I adore living here, I known it is exactly right where God wants me to be!
8) If you could talk for thirty minutes with any person, living or dead, who would it be?
You know, I've answered similar questions and King David is usually my answer, but if I was honored to ne gifted thirty minutes with any person, my choice, I'd ask for my mother, Naomi Ruth Cloyd Lawrence. She's been living with her King going on seventeen years and I still miss her. I'm always thrilled when she visits in a dream. I'd want to hear all about Heaven of course, and hold her no-longer-crippled hands and hug her and touch her face.
9) Beside "writer," what else are you?
Were I to be called something other than an writer, it would surely be a singer! I do love to make music, it bubbles up from my heart pretty much all the time. When I'm sad, it makes me happy; it boosts my faith and encourages me to trust God more. I enter His gates with Thanksgiving—I have so very much to be thankful for! Then I dance into His courts with praise, He is so awesome, praise comes natural. And then, worship – – – it takes me into His manifest presence, into the Holy of Holies where I want to always stay, I never want to leave. My name, pronounced carol, means 'joyful song' and since the '80s God's regularly given me wonderful new songs to sing!
10) Why do you write?
I write because I so enjoy visiting with my characters and seeing what they are doing. It isn't until I sit down at the computer and get into their heads that I can find out. I'm working on a novel that jumps back and forth between 1857 (pre Civil War) and 1920 (post WWI) where I have a man I really like on trial, and I'm always so eager to get back to the computer and pull up THE BEDWARMER'S SON to see if I can get him off. I want to get him off, but can I make it believable that a confessed murderer walks out of the courtroom scot free?
11) How many hours a day do you write, where, any specific circumstances help or hurt your process?
My normal place to write is at the CPU armoire in our bedroom. To my left is a beautiful fireplace and to the right, a window that looks out into the woods with our drive curving off to the left. The specific circumstance that totally helps and hurts my writing process is the same: Are the four boys home from school?
The bus picks them up at 6:50 in the morning and returns them home at 4:20 that afternoon. At school – HELP; Home from school – HURT J Not that I don't love the little darlin's, they are just loud and find it practically impossible to keep their hands off one another. They just love ruckus, and that's the Truth.
We got them eleven years ago when the baby came home from the hospital from being born; newborn, three, four, and six. The oldest is a senior this year, graduates in June, and will be off to college next August, and then there'll be three J
12) How do you classify yourself as a writer? Fiction or non-fiction? Specific genre?
Once upon a time, a beloved mentor told me, "Caryl, pick a genre."
Jack Ballas wrote twenty-something westerns for Berkley, and was writing mystery, thrillers, mid-grade, inspirational romance, and military novels. But not until I wrote VOW UNBROKEN, my first historical Christian romance at the request of my agent Mary Sue Seymour did I find my niche in the publishing world. Now I will say I enjoy contemporary almost as much as historical, but I am definitely a Christian romance writer!
I do have a mid-grade dystopia The King's Highway trilogy that's submitted to a publisher; book one, STARFISH PRIME awaits a contract, and I readily admit I Love writing for children, too because I love marketing to young readers. God gives me songs that go along with my stories and I sing when I do author presentations as well as teach the craft of creative writing. The three chapter books I co-authored with husband Ron are written as Grami and O'Pa McAdoo. There's nothing like being in front of two hundred third graders—or twenty.
Thank you again so much! Hugs and Blessing, Peace, and Joy from Texas!
CARYL's LINKS: website http://www.CarylMcAdoo.com Facebook http://www.facebook.com/CarylMcAdoo/author
AMAZON http://www.amazon.com/Vow-Unbroken-Novel-Caryl-McAdoo/dp/1476735514


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Welcome to the official page for the 2017 Progressive Congress Strategy Summit! Please join us in Baltimore for our seventh annual Strategy Summit as we bring progressives together to set the agenda for 2017.
Please note, this is an off-the-record, invite-only event. Invitations are non-transferrable. Should you have any questions regarding the Summit, please feel free to contact our Deputy Director, Daniel Parkhurst, via email at firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Category Archives: News
Holiday Gift Guide features YourNovel.com
We are delighted to be included on page 74 in the Nation Alist's Holiday Gift Guide published in November just in time for the holiday season. The magazine featured our latest title, Wild West Love Fest, and this write-up: Star … Continue reading
Posted in Christmas Books, News, Reviews Leave a comment
October is National Book Month 2017 – be the star in one of our books! CONTEST CLOSED
October is one of our favorite months because it's National Book Month, and we publish some very special books. To celebrate, we're hosting our annual National Book Month Giveaway where you can win a very special book – one where … Continue reading
Posted in Contests & Giveaways, Discount, News Tagged Contest, coupon, deals, discount, Giveaway, National Book Month, personalized romance novels, romance novels, YourNovel.com Leave a comment
Wilmington Star-News weighs in on YourNovel.com turning 25
Our thanks to Book Editor Ben Steelman, Wilmington Star-News, for the following on the paper's blog Bookmarks: OK, guys — and I know I'm mostly addressing you gentlemen out there — Valentine's Day is now exactly one week away. If … Continue reading
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Adventurous, sensuous honeymoons beyond the beach
Reported by J.S. Fletcher and Kathy M. Newbern June brides are very much at work planning for upcoming nuptials and honeymoons. Kensington Tours, an award-winning tour operator that provides private, guided tours to over 90 countries, has just issued … Continue reading
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High Seas Romance by Jennifer Price
High Seas Romance is now available as a paperback, hardback and eBook, a continuation of providing innovative and creative additions to our product line. It's a personalized historical novel set during the turn of the century – the 19th century … Continue reading
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Perfect for Valentine's: 52 Customizable Love Notes only $10
Get a head-start on your Valentine's gift buying with our creative Love Notes on cardstock that you can customize with your own special messages, and there are enough that you can give one a week for the whole year. Our … Continue reading
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Mental Floss Magazine calls YourNovel.com a service you don't need.
We at YourNovel.com are pleased to be named in Mental Floss Magazine as one of the "10 Services You Never Knew You Needed." Continue reading
Posted in Awards, Customer Comments, News, Reviews Tagged gift ideas, Personalized, personalized romance novels, Review, YourNovel.com Comments Off on Mental Floss Magazine calls YourNovel.com a service you don't need.
Six days left to win a novel from Steph's Cheers and Jeeers
Blogger Stephy Sumner of Steph's Cheers and Jeers writes: I love to read so when I had the opportunity to team up with YourNovel.com I was so excited! YourNovel.com is a website that allows you to create custom novels! It … Continue reading
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Debbie's Power Blog features YourNovel.com in Valentine's gift guide
As we all know Valentine's Day is February 14th and it is a holiday that everyone in the world celebrates. It is a very special day for lovers, wives/husbands, boy friend/girlfriend or that secret crush. I do know sometime people … Continue reading
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My Little House of Treasures blogger giving away novel
So we had one of these giveaways at Christmas and I really enjoyed the book I gave to my son and his wife. They enjoyed it very much as well, so when I was asked if I would like to … Continue reading
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Shipping info on Christmas 2015
December 25, 2015. All the orders have been mailed. Have a great 2016. If you still have a reader on your gift list and want to order a printed book from YourNovel.com, you'll need to get your orders for paperback … Continue reading
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text: Hi, I would like to publish a wallpaper on the marketplace. It's not a "live" wallpaper, just a standard png file. I would like anyone who downloads the file to be able to save it to the gallery and then set it as a wallpaper. Any help on doing this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks


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Monday 27 February 2012
Rowan Dean talks us through the world of Ad Men, Mad Men and everything in between. He connects Clint Eastwood, meat pies, kangaroos and your mortgage rates. Daniel Hannan explains why the EU is a failed experiment and why the UK should distance itself from Brussels.
- Presenter
- Paul Comrie-Thomson / Michael Duffy
- Producer
- Ian Coombe


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Join Exploited 18! Download full-length 29min 46sec movie now!
Nothing is more beautiful than a sweet brunette teen, who is eager to suck cock. Sonny founds Veronica and seeing her so hot and keen to fuck, he feeds her his cock, after taunting her in the locker room. Damn this young cutie is a wild one and she looks great, sucking dick and wearing only pink panties
- amadeus
- : 5min
- : 12 Jun 2013
- Exclusive video


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In the late 1960s, tv music shows such as C'mon showcased performances by New Zealand musicians. Musicians appeared in trendy outfits by 'it' designers including Annie Bonza and Gerry Broughan - designer for His Lordship.
The band Larry's Rebels used to visit the His Lordship store to buy outfits for their shows. Larry Morris is wearing a His Lordship jacket on the cover of their 1967 self-titled EP. He later gave it to fellow band member Terry Rouse.


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It's Diabetes Week. And @DiabetesUK suggest 3.9m in UK now live with diabetes. If it affects you, please share here #DiabetesAndMe
Today is the start of Action on #StrokeMonth let's give #ministroke the attention it deserves hhtp://strk.org.uk/wBjlgN
Join me in supporting @alzheimerssoc & the other #TextSanta charities by tuning in to the live show on @ITV now
We lose 1 man a minute to suicide. Share this video to help stop men dying too young this #WeNeedToTalk @MovemberUK youtube.com/watch?v=cDYAgu…
Everyone needs education to be on top of their #Diabetes I'm supporting @DiabetesUK's #TakingControl campaign #WDD bit.ly/1OGkCsk


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4GLTE Wifi Modem - Checkout the Useful Tips for Nigerians who use Wifi Connectivity - In those days most Nigerians relied on cables for internet access. But with the introduction of Wifi, internet access is seemingly easier, faster and much more convenient. Wifi is one of the most useful and important aspects of using a computer, it can also be frustrating as sometimes the Wifi network can be sluggish, defective, and insecure..
Check the Optimal spotWifi is channeled via a router, and while these routers might not always blend into your interior décor, it is important that you place them in the optimal position to get the best signal.
You also need to place them out in the open, free of any walls or obstructions. A central position high off the floor is the best option to get the optimal coverage possible in your home or office. Also note that Wifi signals can not work well with water, metal, or glass as all these materials can impede the signal.
Adjust the antennasMost of these routers comes with small antennas with Omni-directional capabilities situated at the back. These antennas broadcast signals in all directions which can be useful if you need connection throughout your house, but the range is quite short. Ensure the antennas are well screwed in and pointed vertically. If your router has directional/adjustable antennas, changing their angle can redirect the signal and cover dead spots. If you have the new 802.11ac router, you probably won't need this.
The 802.11ac router uses a technique called beamforming to focus the signal toward devices on the edge of your network.
Reboot your RouterIf you run some tests and are very certain the problem with the network slack is not as result of heat, old firmware or excessive downloads, you should try to reboot the router. This simply implies putting it off, then putting it back on again after some minutes.
To avoid having to reboot your router every so often, you can set just set it to reboot automatically once a day or so. You can do this with DD-WRT or just a regular old outlet timer.


text: Swine health news Read the latest news from our world of swine probiotics. Swine news Possible new strains for reducing diarrhea in piglets October 2017 Swine news PORCBOOST® EB reduces E. coli-induced diarrhea in piglets November 2016 Swine news BIOPLUS® YC boosts swine performance on energy-reduced diets October 2016 Swine news BIOPLUS® supplementation linked to higher swine performance on lower-energy diets October 2016 Swine news Can probiotics deliver consistent performance benefits in grower-finishers? April 2016 Swine news Veterinary Feed Directive Antibiotic and industry options February 2016 Swine health news CH Predicts Probiotic Efficacy for Customers September 2014 Swine health news Reducing sugar Release Analysis May 2014 Swine health news PED? Is there anything that you can do? March 2014 Swine health news BIOPLUS® R YC Impacts Feed Digestibility March 2013 Swine health news Improving Caloric Efficiency with BIOPLUS® R YC March 2013


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Just a little over a month ago I decided to convert our movie room into a workshop. The first thing I needed was a workbench. So I had plans to build a cheap one for $50-100 just so that I could start doing other projects...$750 later I have the workbench that I have been wanting! Obviously not all of that was spent directly on the bench, there were some new tools, fancy socket holders, etc... All of that stuff is still part of the project.
I received the LCD controller board on Friday, way ahead of the estimated May 5 delivery date. I was really only adding it for the novelty, figuring I'd not use it. I've already used it several times! The LCD board came with a remote, and it keeps it's state when power is lost. So I can it set so that the screen comes on with the light switch.
If you're interested, below are pics/descriptions. If not skip to the bottom for car related content.
Started with a GFCI outlet, just in case.
I wanted the whole bench to operate off of one plug, as I have plans to put it on wheels.
From the plug to the main (metal) box. Constant goes out to the switch and a 6 outlet strip on the front of the bench.
The switch controls the upper and lower light bars, and the top outlet of the "half-hot" outlet I have wired on the back of the bench.
Constant for the computer, switched for the LCD
The boards that I put in place for mounting the lights double as hidden shelves. I keep stuff like extra rolls of tape up there. (same beneath the worktop)
I fashioned a panel on which I mounted the Mac Mini. There are little slots on the top and bottom, that allow the panel to slide into place.
Mounted my time machine drive on the back of the panel.
LCD Controller Board/Remote
Quick mount for the board.
Mounted. Below: everything wired up. The round piece of putty is keeping the IR receiver in place.
The hidden IR receiver.
I just have the bench and sawhorses in the room now, working toward a full on workshop.
My wife has a ton of stuff she wants me to build. I really wanted to start tearing apart my old Nitro RC cars, but I build a "produce stand" instead.
In car related content I saw this sweet mustang at Home Depot on Sunday.
Happy Monday!


text: This past week TransWorld Motocross' eastern crew put on a ride day following the Southwick National to say thank you to advertisers, and although there was a little water, things still went smoothly. But hey, we've never let a little rain scare us away anyways. Here are a few pictures of some of the goings on that day. Oh yeah, and did we say there was a little rain? Check out the shot of the truck driving down the road. We meant to say there was a lot of rain. Thanks to Matt Francis for the great photos.


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You may notice a discrepancy between what we designate a wide, standard or narrow and what the brands do. This classification is our opinion based on years of skating, as well as looking at the profile of the wheel as it compares to what we believe is a standard profile. You just have to trust us on this.
Standard - Your classic wheel shape, it's not built to excel in specific scenarios like a narrow or wide wheel, but it's appropriate for most situations. If you're new to skating this is where you want to start.
Treaded - Treaded wheels provide improved grip and traction on smooth surfaces.
101a - Essentially some of the hardest wheels in the game. Designed for advanced skating and made to withstand flat-spotting, which can result from excessive sliding with softer durometer wheels. Designed for hard-charging, fast skating in mind.
Standard durometer scale of measurement. Most urethane skate wheels generally range from 75a-101a, the numbers increase with the hardness of the wheel.
|Suggested Riser Size (in):
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] With a good performance of Hong Tao (see cast), this film directed by Ling Quan was premiered in cinema in 2013. The movie "Mo sheng" comes from China. You can watch Mo sheng online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2013.
Rating: 5 by 22 users./
Runtime: 89 minutes
Hong Tao, Xiaodong Guo, Yi Zi and Yibai Zhang.
89-minute film (full movie) directed by Ling Quan.
The original audio of Mo sheng has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in China.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2013.
Screenplay written by Ling Quan.
Nelson Yu Lik-wai.
Zhangke Jia.
This film was produced and / or financed by Xstream Pictures.
Composed by Giong Lim.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Mo sheng has a duration of 89 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Mo sheng in FULLTV Movies.


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Do We Need Rituals?
by Rabbi Aron Moss
I had this debate with my sister. We are both trying to raise proud Jewish families, so I was surprised to hear that in her home, they do not light Chanukah candles. She says rituals aren't necessary for Jewish identity. Her words: "It's very cute and quaint to light candles with the kids, but how does that help the world?" I feel she is wrong but couldn't explain why. It does seem a bit silly to say that lighting candles is such a big deal. So, how can I convey that rituals are important?
Imagine you had never seen fire before in your life, and I showed you a flame on a candle. Then I asked you, do you think you can make a fire like this?
You would not think it is possible. A flame is such an intricate creation, with hues of red and orange and blue, a flickering motion, intense heat and bright light. Where can one get all the ingredients to make such a concoction?
Then I showed you how I made this flame. All I did was light a match.
You would be convinced that there is some trick here. How can the simple flick of a wrist create such a magnificent effect? The act doesn't fit the result.
We don't think about it, but it's true. The mere act of striking a match alone isn't worthy of its impact. We can't really take credit for making a flame. G-d created the power of combustion, which means that when you take certain materials and manipulate them in a certain way, a fire appears. So the flame is G-d's creation. But that flame can only come if you light the match.
The wise King Solomon said, "Every mitzvah is a candle." Like lighting a flame, our act in doing a mitzvah may seem insignificant, but the light it creates is not. An awesome divine energy is released each time we perform a Jewish ritual, because they are not just rituals, they are G-d's commands. Whether it be lighting Chanukah candles, putting on Tefillin or shaking a Lulav, making Kiddush or affixing a Mezuzah, these small acts have cosmic impact. The spiritual result far outweighs the physical effort.
Most of us don't understand why striking a match makes a fire. But we all know it works. Rituals work too. The most memorable and powerful moments are made around Jewish rituals. Your children will forget most of the lectures you give them. They wont forget the candles you lit with them.


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Toll-free for email@example.com
Sign in to your personal dashboard to check available orders, apply for the orders you like and keep track of your revisions.
If you have forgotten your password, click on the 'Forgot Password' tab at your left-hand side and we will email you a new password immediately.
If you have forgotten your email, get in touch with us via phone or live chat to get immediate assistance.


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Claymore Episode 7 English Subbed
You are watching Claymore Episode 7 English Subbed from the Claymore Anime Show. Watch or Download Claymore Episode 7 MP4 English Sub and other episodes of Claymore Streamed for Free.
"Marked for Death"
Stream Claymore Episode 7
Episode Summary: Claymores number two through five, Priscilla, Irene, Noel, and Sophia, are sent to kill Teresa. Priscilla engages Teresa in single combat, but she is outmatched despite briefly having the upper hand. The other three decide that they must assist, and the members of the team begin to release their Yoki in preparation for the combined attack.


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The Resort
"Golden Buddha Beach Resort is like a warm bath for your imagination– a few wooden beach front cottages on a Thai island – Ko Phra Thong with no other tourist developments, a six mile beach facing the Andaman sea all to yourself, supernatural sunsets, lazy hammock days and nothing but rustling bird song to disturb the silence. Phuket this aint!"
The Times Newspaper
If you despair of the rampant developments found on better-known Thai islands such as Phuket or Krabi, then Ko Phra Thong has to be the location for you. Away from the tourist crowds, our remote island remains barely inhabited and gloriously unspoilt. Backing onto a pristine nature reserve, Golden Buddha Beach Resort is a collection of 28 individual and privately owned wooden homes, carefully maintained in a traditional style, and generously sprinkled along the shoreline. The resort is happily located on two seas, the sheltered bay and a beautiful and deserted 12-kilometre beach, fringed by coconut plantations.
"Certificate of Excellence"
We have earned a Certificate of Excellence. Guests have shared their opinions on TripAdvisor and they have been impressed with the high quality of our resort.


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More and more Alaskans are voicing support for Senate Bill 21, our legislation to spur new production and create more opportunity for Alaskans.
Last week, leaders from Alaska's 13 Regional Native Corporations called on legislators to continue moving this oil tax reform bill forward. Notably, they highlighted the importance of new production to rural Alaskans.
ANCSA Regional Association's Chair Jason Metrokin, said it well when talking about increased production having "tangible results for all of Alaska."
We know the long-term strength of our economy is tied directly to new oil production that benefits all Alaskans. But we also recognize that while we work to increase throughput in our economic engine, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, we must ensure our State fiscal house is in order.
Like an Alaska family manages its household budget, the State also must live within its means. That is why I put forth a five-year fiscal plan and set a spending limit this year.
It's simple: We limit government's growth and step down spending levels over the next few years as we work to bolster new production on the North Slope.
Time is of the essence as oil production continues its steady decline. That is why Alaskans from across the state continue testifying about what oil tax reform means to them and their families.
We remain committed to legislation that meets our four principles for oil tax reform: one, that any change has got to be fair to Alaskans; two, it must encourage new production; three, it must be simple, so it restores balance to the system; and four, it must be competitive and durable.
With less than two weeks left in in this legislative session, the time to act is now: Let's pass Senate Bill 21.
Thank you.
Source: http://gov.alaska.gov/parnell/press-room/weekly-messages/tangible-results-for-all-of-alaska.html


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STEVE HANSEN last night explained why he has changed half his pack for Sunday's Six Nations showdown with Ireland at Lansdowne Road.
The Wales coach has surprisingly dropped prop Duncan Jones, with Iestyn Thomas preferred at loosehead. Jones doesn't even make the bench for the Dublin clash.
Instead, Hansen has sent him back to play for the Ospreys against the Dragons at St Helen's tomorrow night.
Elsewhere in the Wales team, hooker Robin McBryde and lock Robert Sidoli return from injury to replace Mefin Davies and Gareth Llewellyn respectively.
And sidelined skipper Colin Charvis - who is not risked after dislocating his finger in last Saturday's victory over Scotland - is replaced in the back row by Jonathan Thomas, with Martyn Williams taking over the captaincy.
Explaining the shock exclusion of prop Jones, Hansen said, "Many people will be surprised by Duncan's omission, but we can assure you it's not a form issue, it's for tactical reasons. Duncan is fully aware of this and understands completely the reasoning."
On the injury-related changes, Hansen said, "Obviously we are very happy to have Robin and Sid back. The challenge for these two is to play up to, and better than, the high standards that were set by Mefin and Gareth against Scotland.
"It's disappointing to lose Colin, who has been playing good Test rugby as well as growing into a strong leader.
"We have taken the decision which allows his injury to be rectified once and for all, making him available for the rest of the tournament."
With Jonathan Thomas stepping up to the starting line-up, the fit-again Alix Popham comes on to the bench to provide back-row cover.
"We are very lucky that we have able replacements for Colin in Jonathan and Alix from a playing point of view, and Martyn Williams from a leadership perspective," said Hansen.
"It's now important that our designated lieutenants stand up and be counted in helping Martyn lead the side."
Flanker Williams, one of Hansen's four vice-captains, will lead his country for the fifth time - and again he's in charge away from home, having previously done the job in Scotland, France, Australia and New Zealand.
Turning to this weekend's challenge, Hansen said, "We are looking forward to travelling to Dublin and playing a game of rugby we can all be proud of.
"Ireland will offer a different test than Scotland. They are a better quality side for a start. The sheer experience of the Ireland team makes them difficult opponents.
"Their line-out is very good, as Scotland's was, so we need to make improvements there.
"And with Brian O'Driscoll coming back, they are going to be pretty potent in the backs as well. They missed O'Driscoll in Paris last week. You are always going to miss someone who is world class. He is simply the best there is in his position.
"Ireland have lost three in a row, but two have been against France. I don't think they are a spent force by any stretch of the imagination.
"They will fancy themselves against us, but we don't mind going in as underdogs.
"The players realise we have only done one small step and there is still a long way to go.
"But it's a game we can go into with confidence because we have some 'runs' on the scoreboard.
"You want the guys to be excited, as long as their feet are on the floor. It's far better having them in the mood they are in at the moment than what we had this time last year."
Hansen's XV
15: Gareth Thomas 14: Rhys Williams 13: Sonny Parker 12: Iestyn Harris 11: Shane Williams 10: Stephen Jones 9: Gareth Cooper 1: Iestyn Thomas 2: Robin McBryde 3: Adam Jones 4: Brent Cockbain 5: Robert Sidoli 6: Jonathan Thomas 8: Dafydd Jones 7: Martyn WIlliams ( capt )
Replacements: Mefin Davies, Gethin Jenkins, Michael Owen, Alix Popham, Dwayne Peel, Ceri Sweeney, Tom Shanklin


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text:
Graver, Beers are $2,000 modified winners
Kris Graver and Eric Beers shared the wealth during the Twin 50s Modified features on Saturday night at Mahoning Valley Speedway, each earning $2000 for their respective victories.
Graver's win was his first of the season with the class. He came into the night having had some very decent outings including three of his four top five finishes in third place. Beers, who is the point leader, notched his third verdict of '14 and it may very well have been considered one of the hardest fought wins of his career as he and Nevin George had an amazing battle.
In race one Brian Romig led the first two laps but then Graver, who started second, went to the front. The sophomore Modified driver then had several others step in to challenge and each time he boldly shielded his place.
Romig kept with him Graver for quite a few laps but then gave way to Scott Meckes. Roger Coss also moved up and was racing together with Meckes. While those two wrestled for second, Graver was able to comfortably maintain first place with just enough of a gap ahead of them.
Coss finally took over second by mid-race but his only legitimate shots at Graver would come during restarts.
However, the 2013 Rookie of the Year was making his first time leading this season count and drove to a solid win.
"I finally got out front and actually showed what the car can do. The car's been awesome, we just haven't been catching breaks. I have to give all the credit to my crew and it was great racing with Roger Coss, he's someone you know you can always race clean with," said Graver.
For the second 50 the field was inverted with Kyle Strohl and Brandon Oltra sharing the front row. When the action began Strohl jumped out front first but Oltra used his momentum from the outside lane to take over on lap three and lead a feature for the first time at Mahoning Valley.
Austin Kochenash was quick to get by Strohl for second and then had a clear shot at Oltra on a lap six restart. However, as he was making a valid attempt for the lead, there was some subsequent bumping with everyone so tightly grouped. Kochenash got out of shape and with the approaching traffic he was unable to make a save and veered into the front straight wall, ending his run.
On the restart Oltra had Strohl next to him but George, who has been plenty fast in recent weeks, made quick work of the rookie and took second. Oltra then had a handful as George was insistently forceful in his bid to get by.
The opportunity came to George after a lap nine restart.
Beers was now third and also had a spell in getting around Oltra, needing every bit of the next ten laps to do so.
Once Beers got behind George it became a very intense contest. George was doing all he could to resist as Beers tried every angle possible to make a pass. Seeing that the outside wasn't the way, Beers drove to the low lane and with eight laps to go he was finally able to put his No. 45 out-front.
Not backing down George kept his front bumper right on Beers and did all he could to reclaim the lead but it was not to be. Beers just barely took the checkers for his 39th career Mahoning win.
"That was one tough race. Hats off to Nevin, he ran a great race. He's one of the classiest guys you can race with here. He runs you to the brink of no room but he'll give you just enough," said Beers.
"We just snuck under him and then ran clean side-by-side from there on. I lost power steering by lap four so it was a bear to drive but I manned up and brought it home."
In Late Model action Mike Sweeney got the better of Earl Paules and notched his second win of the season. In what has become a common sight of late, Sweeney, Paules as well as Paul Koehler and Frankie Althouse have all been battling each week for the win and each other.
Paules raced to his fourth consecutive runner-up.
Three times year Matt Wentz took the lead in a Street Stock feature and it only lasted but a few laps. Not this time. Moving to the front after a lap nine restart Wentz went by Josh Mooney and had no issues the rest the remaining distance.
A winner in Modifieds and Enduros, this marked his first time declaring victory with a Street Stock.
In a race that took just 4:31 to run, Jack Ely scored his second Dirt Mod win and it was quite exciting as he and Aleia Geisler battled one-two the entire time.
If ever there was a driver who had to fight hard for his career first win it was Cody Kohler. On two green-white-checker runs he was over taken but each time the passer lost control and spun.
The third time was charm as he stood solid and held on for the elusive first win.
The Hobby Stock class got a pay raise and additional laps and the first to take advantage was Shayne Geist who raced to a career first win.
1st Modified Feature Finish (50 Laps): 1. Kris Graver, 2. Roger Coss, 3. Scott Meckes, 4. Earl Paules, 5. Don Wagner, 6. John Markovic, 7. Brian DeFebo, 8. Nevin George, 9. Brian Sones, 10. Brian Romig, 11. Austin Kochenash, 12. Eric Beers, 13. Brandon Oltra, 14. Kyle Strohl, 15. Matt Wentz, 16. Chip Santee, 17. Lou Strohl, 18. Terry Markovic, 19. Todd Baer, 20. Randall Richard DNQ: Mike Quinn, Joe Mooney, Gene Bowers, Pat Verwys
2nd Modified Feature Finish (50 Laps): 1. Beers, 2. George, 3. Paules, 4. DeFebo, 5. Graver, 6. Quinn, 7. Wagner, 8. K. Strohl, 9. Coss, 10. Oltra, 11. Sones, 12. Meckes, 13. Romig, 14. L. Strohl, 15. T. Markovic, 16. J. Markovic, 17. Baer, 18. Santee, 19. Wentz, 20. Kochenash DNQ: Richard, Mooney, Bowers, Verwys
Late Model Feature Finish (25 Laps): 1. Mike Sweeney, 2. Earl Paules, 3. Paul Koehler, Jr., 4. Frankie Althouse, 5. George Ramos, 6. Jacob Kerstetter, 7. Jacob Nemeth, 8. Jeremy Miller, 9. Danielle Paules, 10. Geno Steigerwalt
Street Stock Feature Finish (30 Laps): 1. Matt Wentz, 2. Dave Chapman 3. Stacey Brown, 4. TJ Gursky, 5. Josh Mooney, 6. BJ Wambold, 7. Jason Kuhn, 8. Randy Ahner, Jr., 9. Jillian Long, 10. Gene Bowers, 11. Chip Wanamaker, 12. Jonathan Tracey, 13. Lonnie Behler, Sr., 14. Jamie Smith, 15. Todd Ahner, 16. Zach Graver, 17. Jared Ahner, 18. Justin Mooney, 19. Dan Freundt, 20. Lonnie Behler, Jr., 21. George Ramos, 22. Steven Steigerwalt DNQ: DJ Wagner, Aaron Kromer, Cody Roth, BJ Wambold, Logan Boyer
Dirt Modified Feature Finish (25 Laps): 1. Jack Ely, 2. Aleia Geisler, 3. Mike Stofflet, 4. JP Curry, 5. Kevin Graver, Jr., 6. Billy Lowden, Jr., 7. Ricky Yetter, 8. Ray Deemer, 9. Jeff Parker, 10. Chuck Potts, 11. Joe Stangle, 12. Billy Lasko, 13. Brian Fucili
Pro 4 Feature Finish (20 Laps): 1. Cody Kohler, 2. Jesse Sndyer, 3. Tyler Stangle, 4. Bobby Kibler, Jr., 5. Nick Baer, 6. Kailyn Beers, 7. Dave Chapman DNS: Jake Kibler
Hobby Stock Feature Finish (20 Laps): 1. Shayne Geist, 2. Corey Edelman, 3. Tim Oswald, 4. Cody Geist, 5. Rich Mutarelli, 6. Alton Snyder, Jr., 7. Shawn Hoffman


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- Balcony/Terrace
- Wake-up service
- Fridge
- Hairdryer
- Radio
- Room size (sqm): 50
- Number of bedrooms: 1
- Wheelchair-accessible
- Minibar
- Living room
- Bathroom
- Shower
- Bathtub
- Wi-fi
- Internet access
- Direct dial telephone
- Carpeted floors
- Centrally regulated air conditioning
- Individually adjustable air conditioning
- Individually adjustable heating
- Safe
- Smoking rooms
- Extra beds on demand
- Cot on demand
Corail Hotel
- Swimming pool
- Restaurant
- WiFi access
- Low Deposit Options Available
- Interest FREE Payment Plans
The three-star Corail Hotel is perfect for guests wishing to explore all Marrakech has to offer on a budget. It is conveniently situated in Guilez, down town Marrakech, so the main ... Continue reading
The three-star Corail Hotel is perfect for guests wishing to explore all Marrakech has to offer on a budget. It is conveniently situated in Guilez, down town Marrakech, so the main square and shopping avenue are both less than a five-minute walk away.
The hotel itself is fairly small with only 50 rooms, meaning you get a more personal feel from your stay. The reception staff speak English, French and Arabic. Each room benefits from a private balcony or terrace. All rooms come with everything you need for a comfortable stay; telephone, satellite TV, mini bar, heating and air conditioning come as standard.
The Hotel Corail blue has an outdoor swimming pool surrounded with loungers, tables, and chairs. There is also a poolside bar so guests can enjoy a refreshing drink in the sun. The hotel has its own restaurant and bar where guests can spend their evenings. All-inclusive stays as well as half-board bookings are available. The on-site restaurant serves a variety of European cuisines buffet style and a la carte for lunch and dinner, and offers a wide variety of options for breakfast including continental cuisine. For guests choosing to dine out, many great restaurants are easily accessible on foot from the Hotel Corail.
Marrakech is famed for its rich culture, and the Corail hotel is the ideal place to stay to make sure you get to take in all of the city's history. Two stunning palaces, the Palais Badii and Palais Bahdia, lie within 4km of the hotel, and the famed Koutoubia Mosque is just 2km away. For those wanting to explore further afield, the train station is only 50m away. The nightlife in down town Marrakech is vibrant and exciting, with a variety of bars and clubs. There is also a theatre just 200m from the hotel.
Most popular facilities
Golfers have the opportunity to play at the nearest golf course which is 4 km from the hotel.
For convenience the hotel offers room service, laundry service, ironing service and concierge. Internet access is provided at wifi-hotspots. Reception hours: 24h Service.
Food and Drink
The breakfast type is Continental and it is provided from 07:00 - 10:00. Halfboard: Halfboard includes breakfast and dinner.
Other Information
Additional fees may apply for certain facilities, amenities or activities.
To make booking a holiday at Corail Hotel in Marrakech easier for you, we provide a range of different payment options. To find out if you can book Corail Hotel with a low deposit holiday option, please click the "Price and Availability" button above.
Essential Information
Time Zone
Plug TypeVoltage 220V 50Hz
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Hotel address : Avenue Hassan 2,Gueliz, Marrakech, Morocco, 40000
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If you can't find what you're looking for or if you have a question about this specific hotel, please get in touch via the Add a Question button below. Our knowledgeable team will aim to respond to your question within 72 hours. In the meantime, previously asked questions can be found below and answers to some of the most commonly asked questions can be found on our FAQs page.
Does the hotel have wifi? 1 Answer
Hello, Wifi is available at this property, Regards
Added 1 year, 3 months ago.
By Leanne, loveholidays.com team member


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The Big Apple. Doesn't everyone dream of going there someday, at least to see it? In five days, I will be there, but perhaps not for the reasons that one may think… I would love to see Lady Liberty up … Continue reading →
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IPL spot fixing: Chennai hotelier seeks more time to appear before police
Police said Aggarwal's wife accompanied by an advocate appeared before the CB-CID office in Guindy and sought some more time for her husband to comply with the summons.
CB-CID had last month summoned Aggarwal after one of the bookies, Kitty alias Uttam Jain, informed the police that he was operating from a hotel owned by Aggarwal.
Aggarwal, owner of Radisson Blu hotel here, allegedly led the IPL betting syndicate here and was a crucial link between arrested CSK team principal and his friend Gurunath Meiyappan and actor Vindoo Dara Dingh.
The CB-CID had also conducted raids at two hotels of Aggarwal in connection with the probe into the betting racket.
Madras High Court had earlier refused to grant anticipatory bail to Aggarwal. The hotelier had appeared before the Mumbai police and recorded his statement.


text: The Helix: a multi-modal tactile stimulator for human functional neuroimaging.John E. Ingeholm, George Dold, +4 authors Robert W Van BovenJournal of neuroscience methods2006In order to expand the repertoire of somatosensory functions that can be effectively studied through functional MRI, we have developed a tactile stimulator which can deliver rich and varied combinations of stimulation that simulate natural tactile exploration. The system is computer controlled and compatible with an MRI environment. Complex aspects of… (More)


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NFL: Jacksonville Jaguars kicker Josh Scobee looking forward to Wembley games
Jacksonville Jaguars kicker Josh Scobee talked to Sky Sports about his side's four-year stretch of London games.
By Alex Williams
Last Updated: 14/10/12 11:53pm
The Jaguars have committed to play one game a year at Wembley from 2013-2016, with the first of their opponents being revealed on Thursday as the San Francisco 49ers.
Regular season games have been held in London since 2007 but for the first time fans will now be able to see how a team grows over a period of time, and Scobee believes Britain's NFL faithful will form an attachment to Jacksonville.
"I hope the British fans take us in and are able to call us their team," the 30-year-old told Sky Sports from London.
"With us playing here the next four years they can get to know some of the players and really feel like it's their home town team.
"So I'm looking forward to meeting some fans next year and getting their perspective on it."
He added: "On Twitter I've had quite a few fans from here follow me and we've had a couple of conversations about the games and fans are already saying that they can't wait to buy tickets.
"So the excitement here is real for NFL football and I'm very much looking forward to the games that we will be playing here."
Although Wembley offers an exciting stage, obvious concerns over the effect of trans-Atlantic travel on a tight schedule are prevalent in NFL locker rooms.
But Scobee thinks the Jaguars can use the time difference to their advantage next year as they have three hours fewer to adjust to compared to West Coasters San Francisco.
He said: "For the most part everyone is looking forward to it, the only negative to it is trying to get over the jetlag with the five-hour time difference. I think that will be the only (drawback).
"Playing the 49ers we'll have a three-hour time difference on them, that's a good thing. We'll be able to adjust a little bit easier hopefully.
"Whenever teams from the East Coast travel to the West Coast in the States you have to adjust to that time. There's quite a home field advantage, so hopefully we'll have that home field advantage here."
After finishing 5-11 last year, the Jaguars have made a disappointing start to the 2012 season, slipping to 1-4 as second-year quarterback Blaine Gabbert continues his tough introduction to the NFL.
But Scobee is confident the team will improve in the coming years and he expects Gabbert to be a key part of turning the franchise's fortunes around.
"Obviously this year we're off to a start that we didn't like, but I do think we have some young players that are going to come into their own and help us develop as a franchise," Scobee said.
"We also have a very young quarterback, whenever he gets it going I think he'll be someone who's a playmaker for our team and a leader for our team.
"I'm not saying he isn't a leader now but with more experience quarterbacks can gain confidence and their leadership role just grows."
Scobee, who has been with Jacksonville since 2004 and recently signed a new four-year contract, tied the franchise record for total number of field goals in a 41-3 defeat to the Chicago Bears last time out.
While several of his fellow kickers are well-travelled and ply their trade on the periphery of rosters, Scobee feels he is one of the main parts of the Jaguars' set-up.
"Now that I've been there nine years I'm one of the older guys now that I'm 30 - there are a lot of the younger guys," he added.
"But I do feel like I'm one of the leaders on the team and hopefully I'll be there for these four years and in years to come."


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 14, 2010
|Filing date
|Aug 17, 2007
|Priority date
|Aug 17, 2007
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Nirmal Ramaswamy, Gurtej Sandhu, Bhaskar Srinivasan, John Smythe
|Original Assignee
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (102), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (7), Classifications (16), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field
This invention relates generally to charge trapping layers for electronic memory devices and, more particularly, to complex oxide nanodots and methods for forming complex oxide nanodots.
2. Description of the Related Art
The sizes of features in semiconductor memory devices are constantly being scaled down to fulfill demands for diminishing device sizes and increased memory capacity. Nonvolatile storage devices such as Flash, ROM, NROM, and other magnetic and optical disk drives are encountering scaling challenges. For example, the vertical scaling of floating gate transistors for Flash memory devices has been difficult due to problems such as charge retention failures, inter-floating gate coupling, and stress induced leakage current (SILC) losses caused by defects in the gate oxide.
As scaling has progressed, various technologies have been developed. For example, nonvolatile memory technology has used ONO (SiO2/SiN/SiO2) stacks for inter-poly dielectric layers. However, ONO stacks thinner than 13.0 nm can encounter charge retention failures and threshold voltage instability in some circumstances. Replacing ONO stacks with SONOS (Si/SiO2/SiN/SiO2/Si) dielectric layers has been one approach to realize vertical scaling for nonvolatile memory devices. The increase in programming speed and lower voltage operation provided by SONOS devices has been enabled by reducing the tunneling dielectric layer thickness. However, reducing the tunneling dielectric layer thickness can seriously degrade the charge retention capability of the device. Thus, conventional SONOS has shown intrinsically poor charge retention properties for very thin tunneling oxides of about 2 nm thick or less. The use of thicker tunneling oxides has been impractical due to parasitic gate erase currents.
Thus, there is a continuing need for new nonvolatile memory technologies.
Charge retention failure remains a concern for nonvolatile memory or storage devices. One example of a nonvolatile memory device is a Flash memory cell, which stores information in floating gate transistors. Floating gate transistors typically include an active semiconductor layer on a substrate, a tunneling dielectric layer over the semiconductor layer, a charge trapping layer over the tunneling dielectric, a barrier dielectric layer over the charge trapping layer, and a control gate over the barrier dielectric layer. The charge trapping layer is surrounded by dielectric layers so that it is electrically "floating" while storing charges. Charge retention failures can occur because charge retention capability is sensitive to defects in the tunneling dielectric layer. Defects that are present in the tunneling dielectric layer can allow charges to leak from a floating gate transistor. Thus, further scaling of devices by reducing the thickness of the tunnel dielectric layer can increase the risk of defects in the tunneling dielectric layer and accordingly decrease charge retention capabilities of the charge trapping layer.
One solution to the above problem is to store charges in a charge trapping layer comprising a plurality of nanodots (e.g., quantum dots), instead of a monolithic floating gate (e.g., a continuous layer of material). A nanodot is distinguished from a single monolithic layer of material in that the nanodot is physically confined in three dimensions. Accordingly, when a defect is present, a nanodot immediately adjacent to the defect might lose its charge but the other nanodots would not be affected. Nanodots are thus discrete charge traps that can reduce the sensitivity of the device to incidental defects in the tunnel oxide, and provide higher overall reliability for memory devices.
Embodiments of the invention provide dielectrics having superior charge retention capabilities. In particular, it has been found that materials having the general formula ABO3, where A and B are metals and O is oxygen, or having a "perovskite structure," may be used to form charge trapping layers with excellent charge retention properties. Some embodiments of the invention are complex oxide layers exhibiting superior charge retention by way of traps in their crystal structure that minimize the leaking of charges. Some embodiments of the invention provide localized charge storage sites using discrete nanodots, quantum dots, nuclei, crystals, crystallites or particles (hereinafter "nanodots") formed by complex oxides.
Embodiments of the invention may form the above complex oxides by processes that alternately expose a substrate to pulses of materials that are separated in time. Process conditions according to some embodiments are established such that discontinuous nanodots are formed. According to other embodiments, process conditions are established such that a continuous layer having a perovskite structure is formed.
Reference will now be made to the Figures, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout. It will be appreciated that the Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
A semiconductor layer 14 lies over the substrate and may be formed by methods known in the art. Semiconductor layer 14 may be formed of any semiconductor material, including but not limited to silicon, silicon germanium, germanium, silicon carbide, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide or other Column IV, III-V and II-VI elements forming semiconductor alloys as known in the art. The semiconductor layer 14 over substrate 12 is typically patterned with drain, source and channel regions (not shown).
A floating gate transistor is formed by the tunneling dielectric layer 16, charge trapping layer 18 and barrier dielectric layer 20 over semiconductor layer 14. Charge trapping layer 16 lies between the tunneling dielectric 16 and the barrier layer 20 so that it is electrically "floating" while coupled to control voltages, typically by capacitors. The tunneling dielectric 16 and barrier dielectric 20 layers may be, for example, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, calcium fluoride, and may have a thickness in the range of about 1-5 nm. The charges stored in the charge trapping layer may be modified by applying voltages to the control gate 22 that lies over the barrier dielectric 20. The control gate 22 may be formed of polysilicon or other semiconductor materials as known in the art. The charge trapping layer 18 of
The nanodots 24 of the charge trapping layer 18 of
In the context of the present application "a reaction space" generally designates a reactor or a reaction chamber in which the conditions may be adjusted so that deposition of a thin film is possible. In the context of the present application, "an ALD type" reaction space generally means a reactor or a reaction chamber in fluid communication with precursor sources that may be pulsed in temporally-separated pulses, and the temperature and pressure of the reaction space and the flow rates of gases may be adjusted to a range that makes it possible to grow thin films or layers. The ALD type reaction space can be various single substrate and batch reactors or reaction chambers known in the art.
"Source material" and "precursor" are used interchangeably to designate a metal material that may be used as a starting material for the corresponding deposited metal oxide. Reactants may include "precursors" (which leave a component of a deposited material), but may also include, e.g., any material that chemically reacts with a source material or a deposited material. The term "multicomponent oxide" includes oxide materials containing at least two different metals.
According to embodiments of the invention, multicomponent oxide nanodots are formed by feeding temporally-separated pulses of various precursors into a reaction space. Metal source materials may be introduced in an ALD-type process, including metal halides, preferably fluorides, chlorides, bromides or iodides, or metal organic compounds, preferably amide, imide, diorganoamide, alkoxy, alkylamino, cyclopentadienyl, dithiocarbamate, betadiketiminate or betadiketonate compounds of the desired metal(s), or combinations thereof. An oxygen source material may be fed into the reaction space in pulses that are temporally separated from pulses of the metal source materials. Examples of oxygen source materials include, without limitation, water, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, ozone, oxides of nitrogen, halide-oxygen compounds, peracids (—O—O—H), alcohols, alkoxides, oxygen-containing radicals and mixtures thereof.
According to embodiments of the invention, a first metal may be deposited and exposed to an oxidant, and a second metal may then be deposited and exposed to an oxidant. The second metal may be exposed to the same or a different oxidant as the first metal source precursor. The resulting multicomponent oxide may include Bi, Ca, Sr, Cu, Ti, Ta, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Cr, W, Mo, Al, Si, Ba, La, Mg, Nb and/or Pb oxide(s).
A sequence of process steps to form the nanodots 24 of
The substrate with the oxide of the first metal may then be exposed to a pulse of a second metal precursor ("metal 2") introduced into the reaction space in step 38, and then subsequently to a pulse of an oxygen source material capable of forming an oxide with the second metal source material, in step 40. As with the first metal, pulses of the second metal and oxygen source materials are temporally separated so that the substrate is exposed to the second metal and oxygen sources in the reaction space at different times. The temporally-separated exposure to the second metal precursor and oxygen may constitute a second metal cycle 42 that is repeated. As with the first metal oxide, the second metal oxide also may remain discontinuous after several cycles of the above steps.
The nanodots 24 of
Advantageously, STO has been found to have a very high dielectric constant (˜300) and to provide superior charge storage capability at low voltages for memory devices. Moreover, STO nanodots and layers formed by methods disclosed herein are useful for trapping charges due to their energy band characteristics. The band offset of STO to silicon impacts STO's usefulness for memory applications, since materials with larger barrier heights can prevent charges from leaking out of the material, assuming that the material erases at reasonable voltages. The STO band offset from the valence band of silicon is about 0.1 eV and from the conduction band of silicon is about 2.3 eV. Additional band offsets may be provided by the STO material from, for example, vacancies in the STO crystal structure. O and Ti vacancies are about 0.4-0.9 eV from the conduction band of STO. The combination of the above offsets to the bandgap of silicon could provide fairly deep charge traps having a total barrier height in the range of about 2-4 eV. While the invention is not limited by theory, the increased barrier height provided by the STO or perovskite materials as formed by methods disclosed herein may provide good charge retention capabilities for storage devices.
Various source materials may be used in the production of the STO nanodots in ALD-type reactors. One example of a precursor is Sr(C11H19O2)2, otherwise known as Sr(THD)2 ("strontium tetramethylheptanedionate"). Another example is Ti(C6H12O2)(C11H19O2)2, otherwise known as Ti(MPD)(THD)2 ("titanium methylpentanedione tetramethylheptanedionate").
Without intending to be limited by theory, the inventors believe that the formation of nanodots by ALD-type processes occurs as follows. The surfaces of substrates are susceptible to slow nucleation behavior during the first stages of deposition. Accordingly, in the first stages of growth, the atoms deposited on a substrate do not form a continuous layer, but instead form a number of discrete nuclei, while leaving the surrounding surface area of the substrate uncovered. During the nucleation stage, nuclei continue to grow in size into larger particles, and additional new nuclei are formed by reactants binding to the surface. When the process continues until the nuclei touch each other to eventually cover the entire surface area, a continuous layer is formed.
When suitable process conditions are chosen in terms of partial pressures and process temperatures, and the process is interrupted in time, a discontinuous material with a given density and size of nuclei that is suitable as a nanodot may be formed. Accordingly, the processes may be halted while the depositing material is still discontinuous and has a desired density and size of nanodots (that are spaced apart from one another). According to other embodiments, the processes may be continued to past the point at which the deposited material becomes a continuous layer and covers the entire surface area.
According to some embodiments, the STO is formed by first forming a titanium dioxide directly on a substrate, and according to other embodiments, the STO is formed by first forming a strontium oxide directly on a substrate. Without being limited by theory, the inventors believe that titanium tends to nucleate on a substrate more easily than strontium. Accordingly, nucleating titanium on a substrate first would tend to more easily form a continuous STO layer over the entire substrate, while nucleating strontium on a substrate first would tend to more easily form discontinuous STO. Thus, in some embodiments, the choice of forming SrO or TiO2 first on the substrate would depend on whether a continuous or discontinuous material is desired, and on the density and size of nanodots desired for a particular application.
While described with reference to STO for ease of illustration and discussion, the charge trapping layer in the floating gate transistor may also be formed of or include materials other than STO, including other multicomponent oxides. As noted above, multicomponent oxides may take the form of other perovskite structures, which include materials having the general formula ABO3. The perovskite structure is adopted by many complex oxides and generally tends to grow in a closely packed array. The perovskite structure consists of a general cubic crystal structure, with the A cation in the corner of a cube, B cations in the middle, and the oxygen anion in the center of the face edges. However, embodiments disclosed herein may utilize disordered forms of perovskite that include many defects in the crystal structure, such as vacancies and interstitials. While perovksites may be stabilized by the coordination of the A cation in the above cubic structure, complex perovskites may provide various different A site cations, which may enhance disordering of the crystal structure, and accordingly provide more sites for trapping charges in the form of vacancies. Thus, even for thin continuous layers without nanodots, certain complex oxides, e.g., such as those adopting perovskite structures, can provide superior charge trapping capabilities.
Examples of materials having the perovskite structure, besides STO, include but are not limited to BaTiO3 (doped with Sr, Zr, Pb, La, Bi), the Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 family, the SrBi2Ta2O9 ("strontium bismuth tantalate") family, the Ta2O5(Nb) family, and other "ABO3" structures as known in the art. Moreover, these materials may additionally be doped with Ba, Zr, Pb, La or Bi.
According to embodiments of the invention, cycles 36 and 42 may be alternately repeated until a multicomponent oxide of metal 1 and metal 2 having a desired thickness is obtained. During cycle 42, the second metal oxide may integrate into the underlying disordered lattice of the first metal oxide formed after cycle 36 and form a complex oxide crystal structure. The combined cycles 36 and 42 may be employed to form an oxide that is discontinuous after several cycles, or may be repeated until a continuous oxide layer is formed.
A sequence of process steps to form the nanodots 24 in the charge trapping layer 18 of
In step 52, a titanium-containing oxide, such as TiO2, is formed over the tunneling dielectric layer. The TiO2 may be formed by introducing a titanium precursor pulse such as Ti(MPD)(THD)2 into the ALD reactor. According to an embodiment, tetrahydrofluran (THF) may be used to flush the precursor lines before and after flowing the titanium precursor. The titanium atoms attach to the surface of the substrate and form discrete nuclei or sites for nanodots, according to one embodiment of the invention. In order to convert the adsorbed titanium precursor into a titanium-containing oxide, the reactor may be evacuated and/or purged with an inactive gas in step 54 to prevent gas phase reactions between different precursors. The inactive gas may be argon, but other gases such as nitrogen or other inert gases as known in the art may be used. After purging the reaction space, a pulse of an oxygen source material may be introduced into the reactor in step 56 to react with the titanium. In the illustrated embodiment, the oxygen source is ozone (O3).
In step 58, reactant is removed from the reaction space by evacuation and/or purging with a purge gas such as argon. After one "titanium cycle" is completed, a thin discontinuous compound titanium-containing oxide is deposited on the substrate. The titanium cycle may be repeated a desired number of times until a continuous or discontinuous compound of a desired thickness is reached. For example, the formation of the initial titanium-containing oxide 54 of
In step 62, a strontium source such as Sr(THD)2 is introduced to deposit strontium over the first titanium dioxide on the substrate. According to an embodiment, tetrahydrofluran (THF) may be used to flush the precursor lines before and after flowing the strontium precursor. Steps 62, 64, 66, 68 for forming the initial strontium-containing oxide generally follow the above steps 52, 54, 56, 58 for forming the TiO2. That is, in step 64, the strontium precursor is removed from the reaction space by evacuation and/or purging the reaction space with an inactive gas such as argon, and in step 66, a vapor phase pulse of an oxygen source material such as ozone (O3) is introduced into the reactor to react with the strontium. In step 68, evacuation and/or purging of the reaction space is again performed to remove reactant from the reaction space. In step 70, the above "strontium cycle" (Sr(THD)2→Ar→O3→Ar) is repeated consecutively 2 more times to form the strontium-containing oxide 18 of
The 9 consecutive titanium cycles to form the titanium dioxide and the 3 consecutive strontium cycles to form the strontium oxide in combination constitute one "set" of titanium and strontium cycles. Each set of cycles to form the titanium dioxide and the strontium oxide is repeated n times, until n stacks of alternating TiO2/SrO are formed. That is, a first set includes 9 consecutively repeated titanium cycles of titanium precursor, inactive gas, oxygen source and inactive gas, forming titanium dioxide, and subsequently, 3 consecutively repeated strontium cycles of strontium precursor, inactive gas, oxygen source and inactive gas, forming strontium oxide. A second set repeats the above 9-titanium-cycle process to form titanium dioxide, and the strontium 3-strontium-cycle process to form strontium oxide. This set is repeated until the nth set of the above alternating TiO2/SrO processes ends the sequence. A TiO2 capping layer 38 may be formed after the n set by employing 9 more titanium cycles, as shown in step 72 of
In some embodiments, in which titanium and strontium are fed into an ALD-type reactor in temporally-separated pulses as shown in
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pressure in the reactor is in the range of about 1-2 Torr. The process temperature during the formation of the nanodots may be between about 300� C. and about 325� C.
According to the embodiment described in
Line 100 is shown to lie at about 6 sets of cycles to form titanium dioxide alternating with strontium oxide. Although the highest density of nanodots occur between 1-6 cycles according to
As noted above, the deposited STO may be discontinuous, and the methods for forming the STO as detailed above include terminating the pulses of metal and oxygen sources before a continuous layer is formed. Thus, according to
Given the high density of nanodots, the deposited STO shown in
A silicon wafer was loaded into a vertical furnace for ALD processing from Tokyo Electron Ltd. of Japan. STO growth was carried out at temperatures in the range from 300 to 325� C. and pressure in the range of about 1-2 Torr. A first metal cycle included flushing the precursor line with THF, pulsing Ti(MPD)(thd)2 into the reactor for 60 seconds, flushing the precursor line with THF, evacuating the reactor, purging the substrate with Ar for 30 seconds, pulsing O3 into the reactor for 30 seconds, evacuating the reactor and subsequently purging the substrate with Ar for 20 seconds. A second metal cycle included flushing the precursor line with THF, pulsing Sr(THD)2 into the reactor for 30 seconds, flushing the precursor line with THF, reducing the pressure in the reactor to vacuum, purging the substrate with Ar for 30 seconds, pulsing O3 into the reactor for 30 seconds, reducing the pressure in the reactor to vacuum, and subsequently purging the substrate with Ar for 30 seconds. The first titanium cycle was repeated 9 times, followed by a second strontium cycle repeated 3 times, to complete one set of TiO2/SrO cycles. 20 sets of TiO2/SrO cycles were employed in total.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, an improved charge trapping layer having a high dielectric constant and a plurality of evenly distributed and uniformly sized nanodots may be formed by the methods disclosed herein. As a result, superior charge retention capabilities may be achieved for applications such as floating gate transistors in memory or storage devices.
Thus, in one embodiment, a method for forming a charge trap on a substrate in a reaction space is provided. The method includes exposing the substrate to temporally-separated pulses of a titanium source material, a strontium source material, and an oxygen source material capable of forming an oxide with the titanium source material and the strontium source material to form a charge trap on the substrate.
In another embodiment, a method for forming a charge trap for a memory device is provided. The method includes alternately exposing the substrate to pulses of a first metal source material and a first oxygen source material. The substrate is also alternately exposed to a second metal source material and a second oxygen source material. The metals from the first and second metal source materials form a perovskite layer with oxygen from the first and the second oxygen source materials.
In another embodiment, a device having a memory cell is provided. The memory cell includes an active area formed of a semiconductor material, a first dielectric layer over the semiconductor material, a second dielectric layer comprising a material having a perovskite structure over the first dielectric layer; a third dielectric layer over the second dielectric layer, and a gate electrode over the second third dielectric layer.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various other omissions, additions and modifications may be made to the methods and structures described above without departing from the scope of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 17, 2007
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text:
US President Donald Trump has said his eldest son, Donald Trump Jr, is "a high-quality person" and has applauded "his transparency".
White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders read a brief statement from the president in response to revelations that Mr Trump Jr agreed to hear damaging information on Hillary Clinton as part of the Russian government's effort to help his father.
Mr Trump Jr posted his emails with publicist Rob Goldstone on Twitter on Tuesday.
Loading article content
Here's my statement and the full email chain pic.twitter.com/x050r5n5LQ
— Donald Trump Jr. (@DonaldJTrumpJr) July 11, 2017
The emails with Mr Goldstone show that Mr Trump Jr was told that the Russian government had information that could "incriminate" Mrs Clinton and her dealings with Russia.
Mr Trump Jr eagerly accepted help from what was described to him as a Russian government effort to aid his father's campaign, according to the emails.
The email exchange represents the clearest sign to date that members of the president's inner circle were willing to meet during the campaign with Russians who wanted Mr Trump to prevail.
Here is page 4 (which did not post due to space constraints). pic.twitter.com/z1Xi4nr2gq
— Donald Trump Jr. (@DonaldJTrumpJr) July 11, 2017
US intelligence agencies have said the Russian government meddled in the election through hacking to aid Mr Trump.
The emails show Mr Trump Jr conversing with a music publicist who wanted him to meet with a lawyer from Moscow.
The publicist describes the lawyer as a "Russian government attorney" who has dirt on Mrs Clinton as "part of Russia and its government's support for Mr Trump".
Emails show Donald Trump Jr. was eager to accept what he was explicitly told was the Russian government's help https://t.co/jjhc6DMXsX pic.twitter.com/R9OzX5BNOy
— The New York Times (@nytimes) July 11, 2017
In one response, Mr Trump Jr said he would "love" to hear more.
Mr Trump Jr, who was deeply involved in his father's presidential campaign, released the emails along with a statement describing the disclosure as an effort "to be totally transparent".
Hours after the emails were released, the president rose to his son's defence.
Donald Trump Jnr met with Russian lawyer Natalia Veselnitskaya (Yury Martyanov/AP)
"My son is a high quality person and I applaud his transparency," Mr Trump said in the statement read to reporters by Mrs Huckabee Sanders. She referred all questions about the emails to outside lawyers hired by the president's son.


text:
Nightlock® Lockdown 2 can withstand tremendous force. On a conventional door, an intruder or active shooter can break a door window, reach in, and gain access to the door knob lever to open the door. With the Nightlock Lockdown at the floor level, it is out of reach.
The NIGHTLOCK® LOCKDOWN 2, barricades utilizing the door frame and works on outward swinging, wood doors only, (NO METAL DOORS) with hollow metal door frames.
• No floor mounting required.
• Simply add this safety device to any existing door
• Can withstand tremendous force.
• Both style locking handles come with a supplied wall box.
• No need to replace existing hardware
• One time solution
• Lockdown in seconds
• Easy to install
The NIGHTLOCK® LOCKDOWN 2's locking handle can be stored in a convenient location in the classroom by the teacher. A Wall Box is provided with each unit and can be positioned anywhere in the room for quick access to the handle in case of a lockdown event. The handle is red for easy visual locating. Most schools prefer positioning near the door or at the teacher's desk.
- Overall dimensions: Length Varies x 2-5/8″ width x 4-3/4″ height
- Door Plate: 4-3/4″ length x 1-3/4″ width x 5/8″ thick
- Locking Handle: Varies per Model
- Made of solid, extruded 6000 series structural Aluminum
- Anodized finish for durability
This product is covered by one or more patents, including U.S. Patent No. 8,894,110


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