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Clovelly Court Gardens
History, tourist information, and nearby accommodation
The unique microclimate of Clovelly, created by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream and the sheltered location of the village on the Bristol Channel, allows exotic and tender plants to grow within the garden walls. The garden is further protected by an avenue of tall lime trees lining the drive to the Court.
VisitingThe gardens are usually open at the same time as the village itself. A ticket to Clovelly village from the visitor centre allows free entry into the gardens. You can opt to walk from the village parking area or take the trail, a walk of less than 10 minutes. There is also parking space along the main drive to the house. The garden is immediately beside Clovely Court and the medieval church of All Saints.
The main garden focus is on fruit and vegetables, many grown with the aide of the 19th century restored greenhouses that take up much of the upper garden. There are 5 Victorian greenhouses, and they retain their original manual levers to control ventilation. They really are quite impressiove, though you have to peer in through open doorways into the interiors. Produce from the garden is grown not only for the manor house but to supply local businesses including the Red Lion pub and the New Inn in the village. Visitors can also buy bedding plants and herbs as well as garden produce.
Aside from kitchen garden and greenhouses there are wide borders, ablaze with rich colour on a summer day, and a variety of traditional plants trained to grow up the garden walls. Through several gates in the wall you can catch glimpses of the manor house, which is privately owned and not open to the public.
The garden and historic church make a wonderful addition to the Clovelly visiting experience. Don't just visit the village and skip the gardens and church!
About Clovelly Court Gardens
Address: Bideford, Devon, England, EX39 5SZ
Attraction Type: Garden
Location: Generally open from Spring to Autumn. A small admission fee applies.
Website: Clovelly Court Gardens
Phone: 01237 431200
Historic Houses Association
Location map
Photo Credit: David Ross and Britain Express
We've 'tagged' this attraction information to help you find related historic attractions and learn more about major time periods mentioned.
Historic Time Periods:
Find other attractions tagged with:
Victorian (Time Period) -
Heritage Rated from 1- 5 (low-exceptional) on historic interest
Clovelly, All Saints Church - 0 miles (Historic Church)
Hartland Abbey - 4.3 miles (Historic House)
Hartland, St Nectan's Church - 4.6 miles (Historic Church)
Docton Mill Gardens - 5 miles (Garden)
Spekes Mill Mouth Waterfall - 5.3 miles (Countryside)
Morwenstow, St John's Holy Well - 8.9 miles (Prehistoric Site)
Morwenstow, St John's Church - 8.9 miles (Historic Church)
Kilkhampton, St James Church - 9.3 miles (Historic Church)
Nearest Accommodation to Clovelly Court Gardens:
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Higher Clovelly, Devon
Sleeps: 6
Stay from: £440.00 - 975.00
Clovelly, Devon
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Clovelly, Devon
Sleeps: 8
Stay from: £667.00 - 1781.00
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Nearest Hotels
Clovelly, Devon
Stay from: £80.00
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DIESELS of the MILWAUKEE ROAD, Vol. 2 (268 pages, 250+ b&w and COLOR photos)
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Dieselsof the Milwaukee Road , Vol. 2
by J.Michael Gruber
This is a BRAND NEW HARDBOUND BOOK – Not a used book.
Book is shrink-wrapped and mailed in a top-quality, durable package for protection.
A Railroad Bookmark is included with each book.
– 250+ b&w and COLOR Photos –
While there have been many books on this subject, none have covered the Milwaukee Road diesel fleet in the detail and number of photos presented in these two (Vol. 1 & Vol. 2) 268-page, 8.5" x11", vertical-format, hardcover books.
We have scoured the country, reviewing the negative and slide collections, to bring the best black and white and color diesel locomotive photos to the Milwaukee Road enthusiast to be found between two covers.
Volume 2 covers the following:
Late Six-axle Road Switchers (SD45, SDL39, SD40-2, U33C. U36C, U30C);
Freight Cab units (FT, F3. F7, F9, CFA/B16-4);
Passenger Cab Units (DL109, E6, E7, E9, FP7, Erie-built, FP45s);
and Rebuilds (GP20, SD10, Slugs).
NOTE: Vol. 1 is also available from this ebay seller.
Hardbound w/ dust jacket, 268 pages, 11 x 8.5 x .75 in., 250+ large-format b&w photos and COLOR photos with captions.
Visit our ebay store to view other books of interest. We add new books regularly so check back often.
We sell books – Railroad, Aviation,

subset: commoncrawl


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Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC) has brought some changes in the written exam schedule of 33rd BCS. Exam will start from 19th December instead of 18th.
33rd BCS New Written Exam Routine
Download PDF
33rd BCS New Written Exam Seat Plan
Download PDF
Highlights of the routine:
Compulsory Subjects:
19/12/2012- Mathematics and IQ(Morning) and International affairs
20/12/2012- Bangladesh Affairs 1st part (Morning) and Bangladesh Affairs 2nd


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Mules' pitchers hammered in Game 1 setbackMay 28, 2015 Updated: May 28, 2015 11:40pm
Photo: Edward A. Ornelas, Staff / San Antonio Express-News
The pitching that had carried Alamo Heights all season was absent Thursday, and the Mules lost 13-0 in five innings to Corpus Christi Calallen to open their best-of-3 Region IV-5A semifinal series at Wolff Stadium.
To continue reading this story, you will need to be a digital subscriber to ExpressNews.com.
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Sons of Kemet and Troyka Nominated for Jazz FM Awards 2015
Congratulations to Sons of Kemet and Troyka who have both received nominations for the Jazz FM Awards 2015. Sons of Kemet have been nominated in the UK Jazz Act of the Year category whilst Troyka have been nominated for Album of the Year. Both of these categories plus the Live Experience of the Year category are open to the public vote and you can find all of the nominees in these categories below. The winners are set to be announced when the awards take place on Wednesday 10 June 2015 in Great Halls at London's Vinopolis.
You can cast your vote now at jazzfmawards.com/vote until 10 May 2015.
- Loose Tubes at Cheltenham Festival
- Blue Note 75th Birthday at EFG London Jazz Festival
- Jamie Cullum at Love Supreme Festival
- GoGo Penguin
- Sons of Kemet
- Polar Bear
- Ambrose Akinmusire – The Imagined Savior is Far Easier to Paint
- Chris Potter Underground Orchestra – Imaginary Cities
- D'Angelo – Black Messiah
- Dianne Reeves – Beautiful Life
- Polar Bear – In Each and Every One
- Troyka – Ornithophobia
Richard Wheatly, Jazz FM Chairman, commented: "The Awards recognise and celebrate great contemporary jazz music and musicians and these nominees truly exemplify this ambition. We are delighted to now open up voting to the public to decide who is most deserving of each of these Awards."
The Jazz FM Awards 2015, produced by Serious, will present eleven awards in total to honour musicians and performers that have made an exceptional contribution within the worlds of Jazz, Blues and Soul. The additional awards to be given out on the night include Breakthrough Act, Instrumentalist of the Year, Jazz Innovation of the Year, International Jazz Artist of the Year, Blues Artist of the Year, Soul Artist of the Year and Vocalist of the Year. Nominees in these categories will be announced soon. The Lifetime Achievement will be presented to legendary South African musician Hugh Masekela, who will also be performing at the Awards.


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I have previously grown in coco with a good result this is only my second grow and im choosing dwc my setup consists of the following.
Grow tent, 1.2 x1.2 x 2.0m
Light, 400ww digital balast MH
100L resivior with 110 mm grow baskets submerged with clay balls
100ml airration stones x2
Inlet fan 100ml
Outlet fan 250ml with attachable carbon filter
Twin osalating clip fans
Nutes nutrifeild grow a&b 100ml of both
Nutrifeild veg ignitor 10ml
Nutrifeild cargo boost 7ml
Total tds 586ppm
Ph 5.7
Tap water with a 1200 pm EC yes I should be using ro
My question been how often does the res need changing when the nutes drop off I was thinking every 2-3 weeks
And I have what seems to be nutes burn so dropped my tds back to 330 ppm is there any other tips tricks I should known of I will be Scroggin aswell I'm a novice with this only my second grow but I was shocked from my first grow getting 8.5oz off 2 plants strains unknown any info would be good here is some pics of my Dwc and couple from last grow.
Could anybody I'd those strains from last grow I think one is from an idica strain the front one has me stuffed what it is


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Product Description
The ChargeMaster 1500 Scale is built from the ground up as a high performance reloading scale. The large LCD display is easy to read in grains or grams and weighs precisely to +/- 0.1 grain. With a 1500 grain capacity you can weigh powder, bullets, cases or loaded cartridges. The scale is fast and easy to calibrate with the two calibration/check weights that are included. AC adaptor is included. The ChargeMaster 1500 Scale was designed for the serious shooter who wants the best high tech scalet. The ChargeMaster 1500 scale can be operated as an independent electronic scale, or it can be upgraded to an automated powder dispensing system with the addition of the ChargeMaster Dispenser.
Brand: RCBS
Type: Electronic Scale
Caliber: Universal
Finish: Green
Sub-category 1: RCBS
Sub-category 2: RSCALE


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Signs and sensibilities
What: Artist Pallavi Paul's exhibition, Mistaking < > For Direction Signs looks for fiction in non-fiction by challenging the viewers to look at the meaning of everyday objects and trace them into the world of fantasy.
(Above and below) Through these series of artworks created using seaweed, Pallavi Paul puts a botanical proposition in front of the viewers. We know seaweed as seaweed, but by creating a pieces, using tension on paper I wanted to create a possibility of an entirely new organism," explains Paul.
How: "I wanted to explore the suspicion of evidence provided to us by verifiable everyday objects," says Paul. The exhibits are created using a variety of medium, be it film or seaweed. The inspirations also follow a range as diverse as the medium, including data from the files of Noor Inayat Khan, a British secret agent who was the great grand daughter of Tipu Sultan.
The artist's performance at the Imperial War Museum
While we are familiar to prosthetic legs, the artist has tried to create a new creature, which puts a sense of familiarity among us due to the legs
The serendipity of this exhibition lies in the mix of pieces that were created over two years for different exhibitions and residencies of the artist, and these, coincidently, followed the same theme of finding fiction and fantasy in reality.
Paul will be creating an installation by placing scroll with cryptography on the floor for viewers interpretation. Pic/Sayed Sameer Abedi
Where: Till: January 3
At: Project 88, BMP Building, Colaba.
Time: 11 am to 7 pm
Call: 22810066


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Targeting Bin Laden Trailer (2011)
06 September 2011 Factual 97 mins
HISTORY's global television event tells the inside story of the operation to hunt and kill Osama bin Laden. From decision-making in the White House to the attack on the compound in Abbottabad, How We Got Bin Laden brings the most compelling story in recent history to life for the first time.
Watch the official Targeting Bin Laden 2011 trailer in HD below or find more Targeting Bin Laden videos on Vidimovie.


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
35 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The guests of Wimmer Schöllnach may stay in 23 nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in Schöllnach. In case you ever feel like eating in, you may taste delicious local dishes in the restaurant of the hotel. Should you be arriving by car, parking will be available nearby. The fans of actively spent leisure time may take the bowling, billiard, minigolf and boat rental opportunities nearby. If you want to stay in good shape during your holiday, you may also take the services of the local gym. The local café will provide an ideal location for personal meetings and nice evening chats. In the safe your valuables can be the safely secured. In case you'd bring your laptop along, you may go online via wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Wimmer Schöllnach (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time to your room is 08:00, the latest check-out time from your room is 13:00. The personnel speaks English and German.
Wimmer Schöllnach rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Fitness, Billiard, Minigolf, Bowling
Boat rental nearby
- Steam room
- Jacuzzi
- Finnish sauna
Pet friendly (5 €/night), Cafe, Safe deposit box
Own restaurant
Desk in the room


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Geriatric Physical Therapy offers a comprehensive presentation of geriatric physical therapy science and practice. Thoroughly revised and updated, editors Andrew Guccione, Rita Wong, and Dale Avers and their contributors provide current information on aging-related changes in function, the impact of these changes on patient examination and evaluation, and intervention approaches that maximize optimal aging. Chapters emphasize evidence-based content that clinicians can use throughout the patient management process. Six new chapters include: Exercise Prescription, Older Adults and Their Families, Impaired Joint Mobility, Impaired Motor Control, Home-based Service Delivery, and Hospice and End of Life. Clinically accurate and relevant while at the same time exploring theory and rationale for evidence-based practice, it's perfect for students and practicing clinicians. It's also an excellent study aid for the Geriatric Physical Therapy Specialization exam.
This is a comprehensive overview of the many facets of physical therapy (PT). The original text was published in 1993. This overview of geriatric PT includes varied topics ranging from sensory changes associated with aging to reimbursement. The audience for the 1993 edition of this book was entry-level clinicians. In this edition the editor expands the audience to include graduate therapists and practicing clinicians. I agree that this is a valuable resource for all areas of clinical practice, excluding pediatrics. The editor is highly respected and recognized in the field of PT. There are five parts in this text. Part I is a description of the foundations of geriatric PT. In Part Two contributors address assessment. Problems and procedures such as muscle fatigue and orthotics are included in Part Three. In Parts Four and Five social contexts and particular populations are addressed. This is a valuable text, but often readers must refer to secondary resources. The value of this text would be enhanced if there were more illustrations, cases in which the reader is an active learner through posed questions, chapter objectives, and review questions. For example, when sensory changes associated with aging are covered, the information would be easier to visualize with pictures of normal vision, macular degeneration, cataracts, and other visual changes. Another limitation of this text is that a contributing author eloquently explains topics like the Mini-Mental Status Examination, yet the reader must go to another resource to find the exam for use. In summary, this is a comprehensive overview of geriatric PT with more information than the 1993 text. It is a valuable resource thatwill be valued by many readers.


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This is the records summary for Aug. 5.
Meeker County gets grant money, to upgrade boat radios, medical gear
LITCHFIELD -- The Meeker County Sheriff's Office has received $18,000 in federal grant funding for its boat and water patrol program.
According to a news release from Sheriff Jeff Norlin, the money will be used to upgrade boat and water radios to the 800 MHz Armer Radio System, and to upgrade medical equipment such as new oxygen tanks and backboards that stay afloat with the rescue victims.
The federal funding is administered through the State Department of Natural Resources.
Franklin woman treated, released after two-vehicle crash near Fairfax
FAIRFAX -- A 53-year-old Franklin woman was treated and released from Renville County Hospital after a two-vehicle crash around 9:20 a.m. Wednesday at the intersection of State Highways 19 and 4.
According to the State Patrol, Connie L. Serbus was driving a 2008 Chevy Silverado that collided with a 2005 Chevy Tahoe driven by Daryn C. Mcbeth, 39, of Plymouth. Mcbeth was southbound on Highway 4, stopped at the stop sign and proceeded into the intersection in front of Serbus' vehicle. Mcbeth's vehicle rolled onto its roof as a result of the collision. He was not injured.
Both drivers were wearing seatbelts.
WILLMAR -- A 26-year-old Willmar man was arrested around 3:45 p.m. Tuesday at Regency Estates East, 1400 Lakeland Drive Northeast. Charges include fifth-degree drug possession.
Property damage
SPICER -- Damage to a car window was reported around 12:15 p.m. Tuesday along Indian Beach Road.
SPICER -- A case of check forgery was reported around 10:30 a.m. Wednesday along Progress Drive in Spicer.


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Franks will modify his D.C. bill Thursday in a hearing of the House Judiciary subcommittee on the Constitution, which he leads.
The rest of the week will run the healthcare gamut, from Medicare reform to ObamaCare implementation to mental health to drug compounding.
The House Energy and Commerce subcommittee on Oversight will lead the week with a hearing on the Affordable Care Act's impact on healthcare premiums, a source of criticism for Republicans.
The same subcommittee will examine the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration on Wednesday. The hearing comes as part of the panel's investigation of the U.S. mental healthcare system following December's mass shooting in Newtown, Conn.
On Tuesday, the House Oversight subcommittee on healthcare will look at the consumer outreach and education efforts surrounding healthcare reform, including the outside groups that will help the uninsured enroll in the law's new coverage options.
The House Ways and Means subcommittee on Health will look at bipartisan proposals to reform Medicare, including President Obama's 2014 budget, on Tuesday.
On Wednesday, the Senate takes up several healthcare policy debates with an executive session in the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee.
The panel will consider two bills — on drug compounding and the drug supply chain — as well as several labor nominations.
The same day, the Senate Special Committee on Aging will hold a hearing to look at the Medicare prescription drug program, which passed Congress 10 years ago.
Prescription drug policy is on the agenda in the House Thursday as the Energy and Commerce subcommittee on Health looks at drug compounding practices in the United States.
The Ways and Means subcommittee on Social Security will debate entitlement reform proposals, including Obama's budget, on the same day.
And back in the Senate, the Homeland Security subcommittee on federal programs will look at the challenge of providing high-quality healthcare in rural America.
Off the Hill, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen SebeliusKathleen SebeliusJohn Roberts has tough job of keeping faith in Supreme Court Price was a disaster for HHS — Time for an administrator, not an ideologue Trump says he's unhappy with Price MORE will be in Geneva for a meeting of the World Health Assembly. She will deliver remarks Monday and Tuesday on several topics, including violence against women and non-communicable disease.
Tags Kathleen Sebelius


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Eric Clapton said that he bought this guitar "...for nostalgic reasons..." wanting "... to recreate the same experience as the psychedelic guitar ..." he'd used with Cream [see illustration]. He thinks that this model is ..."an incredible design.." but found that he couldn't switch back into using it having got so accustomed to Fenders. Lee Dickson recalls that Clapton disliked the tremolo [vibrato] on this particular model.more
At 1:49 James Hetfield is clearly seen playing his 1962 Gibson SG Les Paul Standard in the "Turn The Page" Music video. James is playing this guitar throughout the video.more
In this pictures, Jason White playing a Gibson SG Les Paul.more
This video of "Well (Baby Please Don't Go)" features John Lennon using Frank Zappa´s Gibson SG guitar(not a 1962 model).more
Deryck Whibley writes on the Sum 41 page: "I love this guitar. It's a '62 Gibson Les Paul. When they first introduced this guitar in '61 it was supposed to be the new Les Paul. it wasn't called an SG until 1963, so for the first year and a half you can find SG's that say Les Paul on them. This one sounds great. i've used this on "Walking Disaster" and "Pull The Curtain." I bought this around the time we were making Underclass Hero and used it throughout that record. I haven't used it much since then, but looking at it now makes me want to use it more on this new record. I''ll let you know what songs it makes it onto!"more
With an Equipboard account you can rate this item, add it to your collection, submit a review to discuss what you like and dislike about it, and associate Gibson SG Les Paul Standard to artists that use it. Create an account!


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Ex-IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn has told his trial for pimping in France that he is annoyed with persistent questions about his sexual practices.
The one-time presidential hopeful denies helping to procure sex workers for a hotel prostitution ring.
As he gave evidence for a second day of evidence, questions continued to focus on sex parties he attended in Paris, Brussels and Washington.
He told the court in Lille he was not on trial for "deviant acts".
Two former prostitutes who took part in the sex parties have been giving evidence at the trial, both alleging that Mr Strauss-Kahn, widely known in France as DSK, had been rough in his behaviour.
Although using prostitutes is not illegal in France, supplying them or assisting in supplying them is, and the former head of the International Monetary Fund insists he was unaware that women involved in the parties were prostitutes.


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BoBoiBoy: The Movie Trailer (2016)
03 March 2016 Adventure, Animated, Action 100 mins
BoBoiBoy embarks on a theatrical adventure with his first feature film BoBoiBoy: The Movie. The movie brings BoBoiBoy and his friends on an adventure on a mysterious island that houses an ancient Sfera Kuasa older than Ochobot with untold powers. BoBoiBoy will meet his toughest foe yet, an alien treasure hunter who is looking to harness the power from this Sfera Kuasa for his own greedy needs. It's now a race between BoBoiBoy and the aliens to reach this Sfera Kuasa and unlock the new powers. Experience an exotic new place, never before seen villains and a new power from BoBoiBoy.
Watch the official BoBoiBoy: The Movie 2016 trailer in HD below or find more BoBoiBoy: The Movie videos on Vidimovie.


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Art Pepper: Notes from a Jazz Survivor Trailer (1982)
31 December 1982 Crime, Factual, Music 48 mins
Saxophonist Art Pepper (1925-1982) lived the kind of jazz life only found in Hollywood movies. His prodigious talent led him to top gigs as a teenager, but drugs and attendant criminal activity knocked him out of commission for virtually all of the 1960s and early 1970s. This documentary, shot shortly after his searing memoir, {-Straight Life}, was published in 1979, shows Pepper in the full flower of a remarkable comeback. His third wife, Laurie, is featured prominently; they met in the drug treatment facility Synanon in 1969 and were married in 1974. She took over his business affairs and helped him write {-Straight Life}. Pepper tells his own story here, but the emphasis is on an evening's performance at a club in Malibu, with the musician in fine form, backed by a terrific trio. (Tom Wiener, Rovi)
Watch the official Art Pepper: Notes from a Jazz Survivor 1982 trailer in HD below or find more Art Pepper: Notes from a Jazz Survivor videos on Vidimovie.


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Just Venting
DH and I have agreed to be NTNP for now. But I swear I just hate missing the fertile window! Although I don't chart or do OPK's, I am fairly certain when I ovulate. That was this past weekend for me. Unfortunately, I had to work all weekend, those being 12 hr days. DH is in the middle of a project for our home, tiling our laundry closet. With having a 2 yr old, he has to do most of the work at night and that means when I am actually at home. So the whole weekend was a bust!
I want to be actively TTC, but we have our reasons for not trying at the moment. I know it is the best thing to do, but it is killing me waiting. I lurk on here a lot, mostly b/c I am reading from my phone and it is a pain to reply from there. But I am so happy for those that I see get their BFP's, especially those who have been having such a hard time making it work. Hopefully that will be us soon:) Thanks ladies for letting me get my frustrations out. I hope all of you are having a great start to the week!!
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Vintage Hankie Lot of 15 Monograms KCEPJLMSNR
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Vintage Hankie Lot of 15 Monograms KCEPJLMSNR
A real Alphabet Soup of wonderful hankies. T are 2 L's, M, E-still tagged, R, N-Never Used tag has fallen off, S, P, 2 K's, J, 4 C's and either an E or G. Linen and Cotton. Some quite plain and others very loely stitching. N,L,R,E and one C are in blue. One C is green and one pink. Machine and rolled hems. All in very good to excellent condition.This group has been washed and pressed using a small amount of sizing. Ready for your pleasure. eBay has changed acceptable payment methods effective January 1, 2009. PayPal only! I can no longer accept Money Orders or Cash.
I am happy to combine shippng costs if possible. Exceptions are items too large for one container. I ship via Priority Mail USPS 90% of the time. Only very small items that will fit in a small envelope ship First Class. Global Priority for International Shipping. No First Class International.
Payment is due within 5 days of auction's end. If payment is not received within 7 days items will be returned to inventory, relisted and buyer will be reported to eBay. Please do not bid unelss you intend to make a payment promptly.
My items are found at Estate and Yard sales, also my personal collections. I try to add items several times a week and most listings are 5-7 days. Please note that vintage, ... read more


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(Archived document, may contain errors)
December 14,1992
Putting peoplefirst demands, above all, that we put America back to work.... My national economic strategy will reward the people who work hard creating new jobs, starting new businesses and investing in our people and our plants here at home. To restore economic growth, we need to helpfree enterpriseflourish, put our people back to work and learn again how to compete.
Bill Clinton Puffing People First: A National Economic Strategyfor America ExEcunw SUMMARY Analysis of voter surveys indicates, President-elect Clinton, that you were elected President in large part because voters believed you were the candidate most likely to restore economic growth and stimulateJob creation. During the campaign, you pointed out that President George Bush had the worst record for economic growth since the Great Depression. You declared, by contrast, that you had a plan to "grow the economy" and create jobs. Now you must show that this plan is sound and based on the record of what really works, and not empty rhetoric. For you to be successful, you must learn the right lesson from George Bush's defeat: A grow- ing, prosperous economy is not compatible with a growing, more burdensome government sec- tor. Bush throw the economy into recession and destroyed jobs by allowing record increases in taxes, spending, and regulation. This increase in the size and cost of government had terrible consequences; both the number of jobs il the productive sector of the economy and the median income of families declined under Bush. The economy is beginning to recover from the policy mistakes of the past four years, but ro- bust economic growth and job creation are unlikely to return until pro-growth policies are en- acted. Jobs are created when businesses expect the income generated by additional workers will exceed the total cost of employing those new workers. Government policy can encourage job creation by either removing investment barriers to increase productivity and boost worker out- put or reducing the government-imposed cost of hiring additional workers. You should be aware that government does not create, jobs. Higher government spending, whether financed by taxes or borrowing, drains resources from the productive sector of the economy and inhibits
I moneyftcameoffibuseholdr, Famdws, andPersonsin the UnRedStates, 1991, Bureau of die Census P-60, No. 1W. arid Deparunent of Labor, Burew of Labor statistics, Employment and Earnings. Vol. 39. No. 9. Septernber 1992.
2 An Action Plan to Create Jobs
economic growth. The 1983 Ymergency Jobs Act, for instance, destroyed four private sector jobs for every one it created. One of the worst things you could do is raise taxes. Higher taxes reduce incentives to work, save, and invest, thus undermining job creation. Some argue that tax cuts enacted over eleven years ago are responsible for today's deficits and that tax increases are needed to balance the budget and create jobs. This analysis could not be more wrong. Consider:
\u239\'95 Reagan's tax cuts did not cause the deficit. The deficit grew largely as the result of the 1980-1982 recession, a downturn which began before Reagan took office and which was caused by deeply flawed monetary and tax policies in the late 1970s. The tax cuts enacted in 1981 were not even fully implemented until July 1, 1983. Moreover, once the tax cuts went into effect, the economy entered a record expansion and the deficit began to fall. After peaking in 1983 at 6.3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), the deficit fell to 3.0 percent of GDP by the year Reagan left office. This was the result not only of strong economic growth, but also of the spending constraints im- posed by the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings legislation. If Congress and the White House had continued to comply with Gramm-Rudman, the deficit problem would be largely solved by now.
\u239\'95 Tax Increases load to higher federal spending and reduce the tax base. Each dollar of higher taxes in the post-World War II era has been cor- related to an average 3of $1.59 of new spending, according to the Joint Economic Committee. New taxes also hinder the economy's performance. People without jobs do not pay taxes and businesses losing money do not pay taxes.
\u239\'95 As a result, tax Increases do not reduce the deficit. Taxes were raised in 1982 and the deficit went up the following year. Taxes were raised in 1984, and the deficit climbed the next year. The same thing happened in 1987. And, of course, Congress imposed the largest single-yeu tax increase in America's history in 1990 and the deficit has since climbed to record levels.
An Action Plan to Create Jobs
If you develop an economic recovery package based on the right lessons from America's eco- nomic history, you will move to reduce the suffocating burden of government. Government can- not create jobs, but it can make the creation of new jobs more likely if prudent policies are followed. Among the actions needed:
2 "Anti-Recessionary Job Creation: Lessons From the Emergency Jobs Act of 1983," Testimony of Lawrence H.Thompson, General Accounting Office. GAOfr-HRD-92-13, February 6.1992. 3 Richard Vedder, Lowell Galloway, and Christopher Frenze, 'Taxes and Deficits: New Evidence." Joint Economic Cornmittem, October 30.1991.
An Action Plan to Create Jobs 3
Action 1: Using executive authority, Index the capital gains tax. You can stimulate investment and job creation by deciding that capital gains taxes should be paid only on real increases in an asset's value, not that portion due only to inflation.
Action 2: By executive order, suspend the DavIs-Bacon Act. You should use your presidential authority, as Bush did after Hurricane Andrew, to create more job opportunities by suspending the Davis-Bacon law's requirement that union wages must be paid on federal construction projects.
Action 3: Using executive authority, reinstate the Gramm-Rudman deficit reduc- tion targets. You should exercise the option the 1990 budget gives you to reinstate the fixed deficit targets that made Gramm-Rudman an effective spending control measure during Reagan's second term.
Action 4: Propose legislation to cut payroll and Income tax rates. Tax cuts trig- gered economic growth in the 1960s and 1980s; the same policy will work for you today.
Action 5: Propose legislation to cap domestic spending. Your best hope to tame deficit spending is an enforceable limit on the growth of domestic spending, including entitlements.
Action 6: Propose real budget process reform legislation. You can address struc- tural imbalances in the budget process by strengthening Gramm-Rudman, enacting a strong line-item veto, repealing the current services budget, and supporting a tax limitation/balanced budget constitutional amendment.
Action 7: Veto mandated benefits legislation. You cannot create jobs if you allow Congress to increase the cost of hiring new workers.
Action 8: Promote school choice legislation and other real education reforms In Congress and In the states. You can ensure a more productive, better-paid work force by improving education with a comprehensive school choice program.
Action 9: Reject government make-work programs. You should say no to programs that consistently have been shown to destroy more jobs than they create.
Many of the actions proposed are within your power to achieve, either by executive order or by use of the veto. Your willingness to take such actions, based on what policy makers have learned about job creation, will allow Americans to determine whether you intend to be an inno- vative leader or whether you will follow politics as usual. If you meet this test, you will be able to reverse the damage caused by the policies of Congress and the Bush Administration, and al- most certainly fulfill your promise to boost economic growth and create jobs. It is in the inter- ests of all Americans that you do so.
4 An Action Plan to Create Jobs
Your ability to fulfill your campaign promise to create jobs and stimulate economic growth will depend on whether you and your advisors have learned the right lessons from George Bush's defeat. Bush agreed to record in T ases in taxes and spending, and imposed a new wave of regulation on the American economy. But these policies did not work any better for Bush than they did for Jimmy Carter. The reason is that Bush's reversal of Ronald Reagan's policies reduced incentives to work, save, and invest, and thus undermined job creation. And because the burden of government increasfd so rapidly, Bush presided over a period of rising unemploy- ment and falling family incomes. If you are serious about creating jobs and stimulating eco- nomic growth, you will reverse the big-govemment policies of the Bush Administration and instead emulate the pro-growth policies of John F. Kennedy ang Ronald Reagan, who presided over the two best periods of economic growth since the 1920s. Notwithstanding their different party affiliations, Presidents Kennedy and Reagan followed similar policies. In each case, tax cuts were the centerpiece of their economic plans, particularly reductions in marginal tax rates and lower taxes on Kennedy's and Reagan's Tax Cuts: capital. Kennedy and Spurring Economic Growth By Restraining Reagan also were both Federal GovepnmenVs Share of GDP strong advocates of free trade. And during the times Average Annual GDP GroMh Annual Inemass In Gavenirnent SpendIng their policies were in effect, 1962- 1967- 1976- 1983- 1990- the actions of both leaders 1966 1975 1982 1989 1992 reduced the size of govern- 6% 0.6% ment relative to the size of national output. The result: 4% - ........ ....................... ........ .... ..................... ....... 0.4% the United States economy performed strongly under 2% ........ .... 0.2% both Kennedy and Reagan. The Kennedy tax cuts trig- 0% 0% gered an economic expan- Sion that lasted until 1970, -2% Annusi 560 arowth Rate _-0.2% Annual Increase In while the Reagan tax cuts Govemmerd Spending unleashed the longest pe- 1 1 -0.4% riod of peacetime economic Note: Government spending Is as a share of GDP. growth in American his- Heritage 11stsChed tory. During each expan- sion, the unemployment rate fell as large numbers of new jobs were created. Your ability to restore economic growth and job creation, President-elect Clinton, will de- pend on whether you adopt the Kennedy/Reagan model or the CarterMush model. Unfortu- nately, some of the policies you proposed during the campaign suggest you might follow the Carter/Bush prescription of more taxes, higher spending, and increased regulation. Or you may follow a different course. Campaign proposals are intended to win elections as much as to re-
4 See Daniel J. Mitchell,"Washington's Budget Binge: Getting EvenWorse," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 91Z August 19,1992, and William 0. Laffer M and Nancy A. Bord, "George Bush's HiddenTax:117he Explosion in Regulation," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 905, July 10, 1992. 5 Money Income ofHouseholds, Families, and Persons in the United States, 1991, Bureau of the Census P-60. No. 180, Washington, D.C. 6 Dr. Richard W. Rahn, Congressional Testimony, Joint Economic Committee, Novernb er 6. 1992. ............
An Action Plan to Create Jobs 5
veal the shape of future policy. And, as President Bush demonstrated, campaign rhetoric often bears little relationship to the policies an Administration actually pursues. HOW REAL JOBS ARE CREATED If you are to fulfill your campaign promise, there are two fundamental facts about job cre- ation that you must certainly bear in mind. Fact #1: Government spending does not create jobs. When politicians claim that federal programs create jobs, they are looking at only half of the equation. Government programs unquestionably do employ many people, and in that sense cre- ate jobs. There are three million Americans directly on the federal payroll, and many more, such as contractors and consultants, whose wages and salaries stem from federal spending. But to argue from this that federal spending thereby "created" jobs, assumes not only that the money would vanish in the ab- sence of federal spending, but Bush's 1890 Budget Deal: also that the money government spends is raised without impos- Ending Seven Years of Job Growth ing any costs elsewhere in the economy. 112 Total Non-Farm Employment (Millions) In reality, of course, every dol- 106 . .................................................................... .... ..... .... lar of government spending comes from either taxation or 104 @_.1983: Reagan Ta .................. ................... ......................... borrowing. As such, more fed- . Cuts Take Effect eral spending unambiguously 100 .... ..................................... .......... 1990: Bush Brooks ........ "No Now Tiur Pledge means less spending and invest- 96 . ..... .................. ............................................................................. ment in the private sector. This i 92 . ..... ..... ....................................................................................... reduction in private resources destroys jobs since money that ...... otherwise would be used to pur- 1191112 ION 11@@ chase products, pay salaries, fi- Note: President Bush indicated in June that he would agree to tax increases nance investment, and increase as part of the 1990 Budget Agreement, which was signed in November. savings in the private sector has source: Bureau of Labor statistics. Heritage DalsChart been taken by government. The I issue therefore is not whether government spending creates some jobs, but whether the number and quality of jobs created by government spending exceeds the number it destroys in the pro- ductive private sector of the economy. The preponderance of evidence from America and around the world points to the answer. No serious observer can claim that resources are allocated more wisely and efficiently by govern- ment. A dollar in the private sector is far more likely to be used in ways that encourage job cre- ation than a dollar controlled by politicians. A General Accounting Office (GAO) investigation revealed that the most recent "@*bs" creation bill, the 1983 Emergency Jobs Act, required $128,000 for each job created The private sector, by contrast, creates four jobs with that amount of money. But even the GAO's analysis understates the argument against federal spend- ing as a tool to boost economic growth. Simply comparing how the private sector spends money with how the government spends money ignores the fact that the method by which gov- ernment acquires money also can impose heavy costs on the economy.
7 'rhompson testimony, op. cit. 9 a To E .......... ......... .. " re" 11 L@83R led a 0 ax ............... ke ec
.......... 110 Bush B ok ... ...... -------------------- ......... 9 T P NO) Now
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6 An Action Plan to Create Jobs
How Taxes Reduce Incentives. Federal taxes significantly affect incentives to work, save, and invest. Taxes on income reduce production. Taxes on savings and investment reduce capital formation. Indeed, research by tax expert James L. Payne has found that the Ix code im- poses $1.65 of cost on the economy for every dollar the federal government collects. As such, in order to believe that government spending creates jobs, one must not only accept the unrea- sonable premise that the federal government spends each dollar more efficiently than the pri- vate sector, but actually must believe that a dollar of spending by the federal government will create more jobs than $1.65 of spending by the private sector. A similar analysis applies to debt-financed government spending. Every dollar the govern- ment borrows from private credit markets is a dollar that is unavailable for other purposes. Fed- eral deficits crowd out credit for consumers who are seeking car loans; they make it more costly for families in the market for homes to obtain mortgages; and they use up funds that busi- nesses could otherwise use to finance new factories. And while inflows of foreign capital may alleviate some of the ill effects of government borrowing, American workers would benefit much more if overseas funds were invested in our economy's productive sector. Government borrowing also makes private borrowing more expensive. Research indicates that the budget deficit has a surprisingly small impact on interest rates, but even a small rise due to government deficits adds to the cost of private borrowers. Beware The Infrastructure Beit-and-Switch. Most immediately, you should beware of the phony government-stimulus theory in the form of infrastructure spending. Record spending increases under the Bush Administration clearly have not stimulated economic growth or en- couraged job creation. Rather than admit that federal spending hinders the economy's perfor- mance, advocates of bigger government argue that the problem is that enough money is just not being spent in the right areas. They have told you that if the federal government were to spend more on infrastructure programs, such as highways and other federal projects, there would be a surge of new jobs and growth. It turns @jt, however, that transportation spending by the federal government already is at re- cord highs. And there is little reason to believe that increasing infrastructure spending even fur- ther will have desirable effects. Indeed, the most likely impact of increased federal spending is decreased infrastructure spending by state and local governments. In the past, state and locwu- risdictions have responded to boosts in federal spending by cutting back their own outlays. Fact #2: Reforming government policies can encourage job creation and rising wages. When businesses hire workers, they expect that the production of goods and or services cre- ated by new workers will generate enough income to exceed the total cost of employing those workers. I I One way government policy can influence the decision to hire workers thus is by re- ducing the cost of employing people or by enacting policies that will help make those workers more productive. So although government cannot create jobs directly, government policies can strongly influence the private sector's capacity to create jobs. This suggests that if you wish to use government to create jobs, the best approach would be to reduce govemment-erected disin- centives and barriers to economic growth.
8 James L. Payne. "Unhappy Retum:The $600-BillionTax Ripoff." Policy Review, Winter 1992. 9 Budget ofthe United States Government Supplement, "Historical Tables," pp. 5-123 to 5-126, Fisc4l Year 1993. 10 John A. Tatom, "Should Government Spending on Capital Goods Be Raised?" Federal Reserve Bank ofSt. Louis BulletL% March/April 1991. 11 The same analysis applies for self-employed individuals. They decide to start small businesses, farms, and other enterprises when the income ftom their activities is expected, at least at some future poin% to exceed expected expenses.
An Action Plan to Cream Jobs 7
Keep Costs Down. Government can encourage job creation directly by reforming policies that increase the cost of hiring new workers. When businesses contemplate bringing a new em- ployee on board, managers do not look just at the wage or salary the new worker would re- ceive, but also factor in Social Security taxes, income taxes, unemployment insurance taxes, unemployment compensation, health benefits, life insurance, liability insurance, compliance with federal labor and civil rights laws, and training costs. Many of the expenses on this partial list of costs either result directly from government or are much more expensive because of gov- ernment policies. Payroll taxes, for instance, have more than doubled since 1960. Health insur- ance costs are private, but the cost of insurance is artificially high in many states-especially for smaller firms-because state governments mandate coverage for everything from drug and alcohol treatment to hair transplants. Requiring all employers to either provide health insurance or pay a tax equalling at least 7 percent of payroll, ayou have urged, would add to the cost of hiring workers and destroy more than 700,000 jobs. I As President, you can encourage creation of new jobs by supporting legislation to cut Social Security payroll taxes, tort reform, and health insurance reform that would not simply push the cost onto employers. Repealing the 1931 Davis-Bacon Act would help create new jobs, espe- cially for those on the lower rungs of the economic ladder. This law forces contractors to pay the "prevailing wage" on all federally funded construction contracts. In practice, this means the union rate must be paid. When the legislation was enacted, the general purpose was to keep black workers off federal construction sites. That is precisely what it has done in large part dur- ing the past sixty years. The reason is that artificially high wage rates for fedeml projects make it uneconomical to recruit lower-skilled local workers, who are disproportionately minority Americans. Just as important, you should discourage legislation and avoid regulations that will add to the cost of hiring workers. Mandated parental leave, for instance, would increase the cost of em- ploying workers, particularly women of child-bearing age. Play-or-pay health care, which would impose a 7 percent to 9 percent payroll tax, would dramatically boost labor costs. Other tax increases, including a 1.5 percent training tax, would discourage job creation. Likewise, an increase in the minimum wage would price less-qualified workers out of the labor market. Increase Productivity. Government also can stimulate job creation by increasing the ex- pected output of prospective workers. If workers can produce more, businesses not only will want to hire more employees, they will also be able to pay them more. The ability of workers to produce is detennined principally by the quantity and quality of the capital stock with which they work. Employees who work with modem equipment, technology, machines, and produc- tion processes can produce more than workers who use outdated technology and work with ob- solete equipment and old machinery. That chiefly explains why workers in the U.S., Germany, and Japan earn more than workers in Brazil, India, and Nigeria. Similarly, workers in America today earn more than their parents because of net investment-increases in the capital stock. As a result, they are more productive; they generate more output per hour of labor. Boosting investment is why cutting the capital gains tax is so important. The goal is not to give "rich" people a tax break or to boost government tax revenues. Instead, cutting capital gains taxes is a crucial part of any plan to increase wages and productivity by reducing govern- ment-imposed investment disincentives.
12 Putting People O&a of Work: First- Year Growth and EF*oyment Effects of the Clinton Econoinic Plan. Joint Econonfic Committee, August 1992.
8 An Action Plan to Create Jobs
The relationship between investment and wages is recognized by economists of all persua- sions. Writes Nobel Laureate Paul Samuelson, one of the economists who endorsed you for President:
What happens to the wage rate now that each person works with more capital goods? Because each worker has mom capital to work with, his or her marginal product rises. Therefore, the competitive real wage rises as workers become worth more to capitalists and meet with spirited bidding up of their market wage rates. 13
Similarly, as the Democrat-controlled staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation wrote in a re- port on economic growth:
14 When an economy's rate of net investment [gross investment less depreciation increases, the economy's stock of capital increases. A larger capital stock permits a fixed amount of labor to produce more goods and services. The larger a country's capital stock, the more productive its workers and, generally, the higher its real wages and salaries. Thus, increases in investment tend to cause future increases in a nation's standard of living.15
Worker productivity is also determined by the education and skill level of the work force. As Nobel prize-winning economist Gary Becker and others have pointed out, pep I I 'in ed- ,p e invese ucation to make themselves more productive and boost their future earnings."' Unfortunately, the public school system lacks the proper incentives to do the best job possible. Bureaucracy, the lack of innovation, and virtual monopoly status thwart education progress. A full-fledged choice program would ensure that children were given the education needed to become part of the 21 st century work force. 17
If you are to boost growth and job creation in the U.S. economy, it is vital that you institute policies based on this experience of what works and what does not. You can do this in two broad ways. You must, of course, seek legislation to reform taxation and institute other changes to sharpen incentives. But as President you can also use presidential authority to issue execu- tive orders that would boost economic growth and encourage job creation. Among these:
13 Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus, Economics, XII Edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1985), p. 789. 14 Depreciation refers to the amount of capital that is used up or wears out each period. For instance, a machine may have a life expectancy of five years. In order to accurately measure increases in the capital stock, increases in investment should be adjusted to reflect depreciation. 15 'Tax Policy and the Macroeconorny: Stabilization, Growth, and Income Distribution," Joint Committee onTaxation report for the House Committee onWays and Means, Washington, D.C.. December 12,1991. p. 21. 16 Gary S. Becker, The Economic Approach to Hwnan Behavior (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976). 17 See Jeanne Allen, 'Wine Phoney Assertions About School Choice: Answering the Critics," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 85Z September 13,1991.
An Action Plan to Create Jobs 9
Action 1: Use your authority to Index the capital gains tax. You can use your existing execu- tive authority to stimulate investment by indexing the capital gains tax so Capital Gains Tax: U.S. Rate Is that those who invest in America's Among Highest in Industrial World future economic growth do not pay taxes on the increase in an asset's nominqjncrease in value due to in- Maximum flation. * Most of America's major Long-Term Holding trading partners do not tax capital Nation Capital Gains Period gains at all, much less the portion Tax Rate due to inflation. Ideally you should heed the words of those economists Germany 0.0% Six Months ............. .. .... . XIM: who press for an elimination of the M..7y NO capital gains tax. Investment is it 0.0 None x. . .. .... driven primarily by ge after-tax rate of return on capital. When taxes on capital am reduced, more money will Taiwan 0.0 None g. be invested, wages will increase, and living standards will rise. Capital fmce 16.0 None X. W k-N -X-NioliI.I..'r, Q: E C. -4 gains taxes are a direct tax on job- OR creating investment. If not elimi- Sweden 18.8 2 Years x, & 1v nated, the tax should be cut dramatically and indexed for infla- ::United Kingdo 40.0. None
.... . . .... tion so investors am not paying times :iN... oear=m Em on purely nominal gains. The few Source: AMGrican Council for Capital Formation, 1989. countries that do apply American level tax rates on capital gains, such as Australia and Britain, Now tax- payers to inflation-index.
Action 2: Issue an executive order to suspend the Davis-Bacon Act. Ile 1931 Davis-Bacon Act requires all construction jobs funded by the federal government effectively to pay union wages. This requirement, in combination with the Act's restrictions on the use of helpers by skilled workers, falls particularly heavily on young minority workers, who are effectively shut out of federal construction jobs. President Bush used his authority to sus- pend the Davis-Bacon Act in Florida, Hawaii, and Louisiana after recent natural disasters. You could do the same, on an emergency basis, in areas of high youth unemployment. That would creall jobs and demonstrate your commitment to creating economic opportunity for minori- ties.
18 Charles J. Cooper, Michael A. Carvin, and Vincent J. Colatriano, The Legal Authority of the Department ofitheTreasury to Promulgate Regulation Providingfor Indexation of Capital Gains (Washington, D.C.: National Chunber Foundation and National Taxpayers Union Foundation, August, 1992). 19 For a detailed explanation, we "Capital, Taxes and Growth" by Gary Robbins and Aldona Robbins (National Center for Policy Analysis: Dallas, M January, 1992). 20 See Scott A. Hodge, ed., A Prosperity Planfor America (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation, 19921 p. 28. 21 Scott A. Hodge, "Creating Inner-City Jobs By Suspending the Davis-Bacon Act." Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum No. 333, May 21. 1992.
10 An Action Plan to Create Jobs
Action 3: On the day after your Inauguration, use your executive authority to reinstate Gramm-Rudman targets. The 1990 budget deal gutted the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Deficit Reduction Act. 22 As a result, inflation-adjusted domestic 1yending since 1990 is growing nearly eight times faster than it did under Gramm-Rudman. Under current law, deficit targets are virtually meaning- less since the maximum deficit amounts are adjusted constantly for economic and technical "re- estimates." As President, you will have to decide on January 21, 1993, whether to require fixed deficit targets. You should use your authority to suspend the economic and technical re-estimate provisions that took the teeth out of Gramm-Rudman, and thus return to a policy of meaningful deficit targets enforced by the threat of automatic budget cuts.
Within the first few weeks of your term, you will be submitting a budget for the 1994 fiscal year. As the major economic policy document of any President, you will be including in this document your core legislative proposals for economic expansion. In this first budget, you should:
Action 4: Propose across-the-board reductions In Income tax ra M44 and/or payroll tax rates, and other tax relief to stimulate Investment. Tax cuts enacted under Presidents Kenrgdy and Reagan triggered lengthy economic expan- sions which created millions of new jobs. By helping to undo the damage caused by the 1990 budget deal, the same approach will work today. The proposal should be designed to reduce tax rates on labor income and capital formation. The Economic Growth and Jobs Creation Act (S. 318, H.R. 960), introduced by Senator Malcolm Wallop of Wyoming and Repw entativeTorn DeLay of Texas, both Republicans, would be a good model for you to follow. Tax cuts should seek to stimulate savings and investment by ending the tax penalties on in- vestment earnings. Thus in addition to a rate cut or the elimination of the capital gains tax, your proposal should include a provision to end the double taxation of dividend income. Corporate profits are not only penalized by the corporate income tax, they also are subject to the personal income tax when paid out as dividends to individual stockholders. This policy sharply reduces incentives to invest. Further, the proposal should stimulate personal savings by expanding Indi- vidual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). In a tax code designed to interfere as little as possible with economic growth, savings would not be taxed at all. Sadly, America taxes savings at a much heavier rate than its major trading partners. By i1nishing savings and thus encouraging con- sumption, this policy inhibits capital formation. Finally, the tax proposal should encourage business investment by allowing full expensing of business investment. Under current tax law, the cost of business investment only can be de-
22 See Daniel J. Mitchell,"Bring Back Gramm-Rudman: It Worked," The Wall Street Journal, August 12,1991. 23 Daniel L Mitchell,"Washington's Budget Binge: Getting EvenWorse.." Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 91Z August 18, 1992. 24 Daniel L Mitchell,'"Me Facts About Cutting Social SecurityTaxes," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 817, Much 15, 1991. 25 Daniel J. Mitchell.'Tax Rates, Fairness, and Economic Growth- Lessons From the 1980s," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 960, October 15,1991. 26 Daniel L Mitchell. "A Proven Formula to Restore Economic Growth," Heritage Foundation Executive Memorandum No. 295, February 13.1991. 27 See Prosperity P1^ op. cit.
An Action Plan to Create Jobs
ducted over several years, rather than in the year the cost is incurred. This policy increases the inflati -adjusted and tax cost of investment, and also reduces incentives for long-term invest- @ ff ment. Bearing in mind your particular concern about high unemployment in the inner cities, and the bipartisan support for enterprise zones-including their endorsement by yourself and the other two principal presidential candidates-you should press for enactment of the enterprise zone legislation vetoed by President Bush last month.
Action 5: Propose a cap on domestic spending. Defense spending already is falling and presumably will fall faster during your term. Domes- tic spending, however, is increasing at record levels. Moreover, many members of Congress want to use future defense savings to fund even larger increases in domestic spending, rather than returning those funds to the more productive job-creating private sector. If you are serious about reducing deficit spending and thereby increasing the amount of savings available for job- creagg private investment, you must take bold steps to control the growth of domestic spend- ing. Freezing domestic spending at current levels, or even limiting its growth to, say, 2 percent annually will allow you to reverse the huge expansion of domestic spending approved by the Bush Administration.
Action 6: Propose real budget process reform. Not only should you use your executive authority to reinstate Gramm-Rudman, you also should ask Congress to strengthen the deficit reduction law by creating outlay targets that would enforce a domestic spending cap. And while enhanced rescission is a welcome step, you should also request a strong line-item veto that strengthens your ability to weed out bad provis- ions fiom legislation. In addition, you should request legislation repealing the current services budget, the dishonest system of measurement that allows legislators to increase spending while claiming that they are cutting spending because the increase is not as large as previously planned.
Finally, your commitment to job creation will be tested by your willingness to block legisla- tion that will increase the long-term costs of creating jobs, and by your support for measures that will improve the productivity of the U.S. work force. If you are serious about taking fmn action, you will:
Action 7: Veto mandated benefits. Imposing extra labor costs on the private sector destroys jobs. Businesses are not charities. Entrepreneurs do not create jobs because they worry about the unemployment rate or because they want to be socially responsible. They do so when they expect the income generated by new workers to exceed the cost of hiring new workers, wages, taxes, and benefits included. Man- dated benefit laws, such as required family leave or play-or-pay health care requirements, will only destroy jobs.
28 ibid. 29 See Scott A. Hodge, "What George Bush is Not Being Told About Federal Spending," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 886, March 4@ 1992.
12 An Action Plan to Create Jobs
Action 8: Urge enactment of legislation promoting true school choice and other education reforms. You pointed out during the campaign that America's public schools are not doing an ade- quate job of educating children to be the productive workers of tomorrow. And you expressed your support for choice-at least within the public school system. As Brookings Institution scholars John Chubb and Tegy Moe have pointed out, however, throwing more money into a failed system will not work. But they also point out that parents need to be able to choose schools from the private sector if the public school monopoly is to be shaken up. As President, you should thus urge Congress to enact school choice legislation that includes private, schools. And you should urge more states to enact school choice programs-already 23 states have enacted some form of choice program. And further, you should back the enactment of charter school legislation, which would free schools from many of the burdensome state and local regulations and mandates that inhibit education reform and consume scarce educational re- sources.
Action 9: Reject government make-work job training and job creation legislation. Study after study has shown that such programs destroy more jobs than they create, squanje,,r taxpayer money, foster bad work habits, and subsidize politically favored private businesses. During the 90-month Reagan expansion, an average of more than 240,000 jobs were created each month. The Eme T ncy Jobs Act of 1983, by contrast, created just 35,000 jobs at its peak, at a cost of $9 billion. That program drained the private sector of $128,000 (about $160,000 in 1992 dollars) for every job "created." Since an average of about $40,000 is required to create a job in the, productive sector of the economy, die 1983 "jobs" legislation actually destroyed al- most four jobs for every one it created. In addition to reforming the tax code, government should remove barriers to growth in the regulatory arena. Regulation now is costing o !6 economy at least $850 billion annually, a cost of more than $10,000 for each family of four. Policy makers should eliminate needless eco- nornic regulations, such as those which inhibit the transportation, financial, energy, and tele- communications industries. Health and safety regulations should be subJected to realistic cost-benefit analysis, including a review to determine whether the adverse hVIth impact caused by lower economic growth outweighs the alleged benefit on the regulations.
Daniel Mitchell John M. Olin Fellow
30 John E. Chubb and Terry M. Moe, Politics, Markets. andAmerica's Schools (Washington. D.C.: The Brooldngs Institutions IM). 31 James Bovard, 717PA: Another Federal Training Fraud," Policy Analysis, #131, Ile Cato Institute, Washington, D.C., Much 27, 1990. 32 "And-Recessionary Job Creation: Lessons From the Emergency Jobs Act of 1983" Testimony of Lawrence H.Thompson, General Accounting Office, GAOfr-HRD-92-13. February 6.1992. 33 See Laffer and Bord. op. cit. 34 Daniel J. Mitchell."The Deadly Impact of Federal Regulations," Journal ofRegulation and Social Costs. June 1992.


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French multinational Groupe PSA has announced that they will restart the assembly of Peugeot cars in Kenya. Groupe PSA manufactures cars and motorcycles sold under the Peugeot, Citroën and DS car brands. Assembly of Peugeot cars in Kenya stopped in Kenya in 2004.
PSA Group have partnered with Urysia Group, the distributors of Peugeot cars in Kenya, to assemble the cars. 5 Peugeot models will be assembled in Kenya with the first car estimated to roll off the assembly line in June 2017. Mr Jean-Christophe Quemard, the Group PSA Vice President for Middle East and Africa, shared that the company has invested Ksh. 1.2 billion in the venture and will employ 200 people. He added that they are projecting to start with at least 1,000 units and that they will begin with the 508 model.
Completely knocked down (CKD) vehicles headed for assembly plants are exempt from import duty (at 25 per cent) and excise tax (at 20 per cent of a car's value). The two taxes are levied on fully-built imports.
Peugeot entered the Kenyan market in 1958 and assembled approximately 27,000 Peugeot 504 cars between 1968-2004.
Car manufacturer Volkswagen restarted car assembly of its car in Kenya last year with the first car rolling off the assembly line in December 2016. Ashok Leyland, India's second largest commercial vehicle manufacturer, also announced in January this year that it will establish its first African assembly plant in Kenya.


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We report with profound regret that Professor Peter Gavin Hall AO FAA FASSA FRS FAustMS CorrFRSE, Foreign Associate of the NAS, Australian Laureate Fellow and Director of ACEMS, passed away on 9 January 2016.
Click here for the full tribute.
20/11/1951 – 9/1/2016
The development work for this Decadal Plan was led with characteristic energy, acumen and sensitivity by Professor Peter Gavin Hall FRS FAA FASSA AO. His untimely death following a prolonged illness has deprived the Australian mathematical sciences community of one of its brightest stars. The remaining executive members dedicate the plan to his memory.
The Australian Academy of Science, through the National Committee for Mathematical Sciences (NCMS), has overseen the development of the first Decadal Plan for the Mathematical Sciences. The plan can be downloaded by clicking on the link below.
(plan has not been released yet)
The aims of the 22 National Committees of the Australian Academy of Science are to foster a designated branch or theme of natural science in Australia and to serve as a link between Australian scientists and overseas scientists in the same field. This includes the development of forward looking plans for the respective disciplines. The Academy has worked closely with the Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute and the discipline's societies and associations in the development of the decadal plan.
Professor Nalini Joshi (The University of Sydney), in her role as the Chair of the NCMS raised funds from national organisations and university departments of mathematical sciences from around the country to support the development of this new plan.
Professor Peter Hall (University of Melbourne, immediate past Secretary for Physical Sciences of the Academy of Science and past President of the Australian Mathematical Society) was asked to form and chair a Steering Committee for the Decadal Plan. He invited Professors Nalini Joshi and Geoff Prince (Director of the Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute) to join him in forming an Executive Group. When Professor Hall's illness prevented his further participation in developing the plan, Dr John Henstridge was invited to join the Executive Group.
The Decadal Plan consists of three broad components.
- An assessment of the current state of the mathematical sciences in Australia,
- A description and prioritisation of opportunities for the future (2016-2025), and
- An outline of strategies to achieve these priorities.
The process incorporated widespread consultation and discussion with the mathematical community and external stakeholders. It focused on a longer-term strategic view for the mathematical sciences. Outcomes include specific recommendations to those parties involved in funding mathematics research and education, and in setting future policies, including government departments, education providers and industry.


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Marketing Psychology: How To Influence Customers To Buy Now pdated
MP4 | Video: AVC 1280x720 | Audio: AAC 44KHz 2ch | Duration: 3 Hours | 639 MB
Genre: eLearning | Language: English
"The Economist" Magazine Used One Of The Simple Psych. Methods Below And Won $3432 Instantly - I Give You Five Of These!
I'm giving you 5 solid reasons to consider:
1. The Decoy Effect: The Economist, well-known magazine, used the decoy effect. Later test has shown that a simple tweak to the prices, customers can choose from, resulted in $3432 more revenue (cash) than with the previous pricing options.
Apple Inc constantly utilizes "decoy" prices to influence our decisions! (examples in the lectures)
2. The Rule Of Reciprocity: Why don't you put one of the basic laws of human psychology work to your advantage? If you look at the most successful social media strategies for organic likes or followers growth, you will see that behind these strategies is the rule of reciprocity. You don't believe? Follow 1000 people on Twitter and I guarantee that 5% to 25% will follow you back.
3. The Endowment Effect: Did you know that when you own something you tend to value it more highly than it is really worth? "Yeah, right... how can I put that to my advantage you say?" Increase the ownership of your prospects and they will be more willing to buy from you! You know many "open source" projects that are massively successful! (hint: Wikipedia)
4. The Framing Effect: This one is huge! The way you "frame" a question (or a statement) influences the responses you receive! Experts in Neuromarketing have proven that absolute numbers have much stronger impact on people! This is the reason why you hear advertisements say: "...9 out of 10 people would recommend our product to their friends..." , they don't say: "...90% of our customers would recommend..."
5. Social Proof Concept: You want to know what's in your prospect's mind? Here it is: "I don't care what you say. Prove it to me!" Authors don't put testimonials in the beginning of their books for any other reason but to prove that their book is worth buying and reading. Bloggers don't put subscriber counters next to an opt-in box for any other reason but to prove that many people are doing (subscribing) what you have to do! (the underlying principle of social proof!)
This course is for online entrepreneurs, instructors, bloggers and authors who realize what it means to spend fatiguing months on product creation and then make little or no sales. Was it all waste of time? It doesn't feel good to lose one of your most important resources - your time!
I am going to teach you how to maximize sales. opt-ins and ANY other action that you want your potential customers to take.
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Additional roles at Brookwood: Science Department Coordinator; soccer, basketball and lacrosse coach, Amory Parker Chair 2014-15
Faculty member since: 2007
Education: Harvard University, B.S.; Lesley University, M.Ed.
Favorite children's book: The Table Where the Rich People Sit by Byrd Baylor and illustrated by Peter Parnall. It's an elegantly crafted book that asks the question, "What really makes us rich in life?" In the end, it's clear that material wealth can't hold a candle to the wealth of beauty that nature doles out on a daily basis.
Favorite lesson to teach: Anything related to space fascinates me! The growth of knowledge about outer spaces seems to be exponential these days. And NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab continues to produce cutting-edge aerospace technologies that make new (and sometimes mind-boggling) discoveries.
Beyond Brookwood: With the help of the El-Hefni Technical Training Foundation, I have traveled to the Tsholotsho area in Zimbabwe for the past four summers to train science teachers in experiential teaching techniques. Bordering Hwange National Park in the northwest of the country, Tsholotsho is a remote, impoverished area and the schools there lack basic resources. In Zimbabwe, eco-tourism is a vital part of the economy, so a strong, vibrant, place-based science education can lead many young students into sustainable careers. I often daydream about Zimbabwe's sandy schoolyards, stunning megafauna, and warm savannahs, and the many wonderful people I have met in my travels.
On risk-taking: I want my students to become "comfortable with discomfort." Only adventurous learners are able to grow their disposition towards wondering and problem-finding and investigation.
What at Brookwood makes you a better teacher? Besides the remarkable human capital here? There's a lot of warmth, support and humor. There's autonomy. And there's excellence. My colleagues are constantly prepping, tweaking, pushing for excellence. Teachers are compassionate, teachers have the freedom to create, they are dedicated to mastering their education discipline, and they are dedicated to fostering the best in each individual student. All of this combined makes for an exceptional community and learning environment for all of us.


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Tag: order
Film Archiving – Negative Sleeveswritten by nicx on 2011-08-25 #gear #tutorials
After developing my 20th roll or so I realised I would need to come up with some sort of system for having some kind of order to my negatives! After a bit of searching and asking around I found negative sleeves to solve my problem.3 15 Share Tweet
Shipping & Duty : Shopping Online For Indiawritten by abhoan on 2012-06-13 #news
We know you have a lot of questions about shopping, shipping and duty for cameras bought from Lomography's online shop for India. Here is a detailed article to answer all your questions!6 Share Tweet
Introducing The Lomography Gift Programwritten by webo29 on 2012-11-14 #news
Buying presents for a party or corporate activity? Check out the brand new Lomography Gift Program! If a tie or a hamper just won't do, then here's your problem solved!5 Share Tweet
Only a few Belairs left for guaranteed shipment this year - Order Fast!written by bohlera on 2012-10-24 #news
The Belair X 6-12 has really taken off! Our new medium format camera that can shoot in three formats turned out to be very popular and so we only have a few cameras left that are guaranteed to find their way to you before Christmas. So if you want your Belair to land right under your Christmas tree - now is the time to order.2 Share Tweet


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Dear Friends,
Thank you for joining us at Senator Ricardo Lara's workshop on accessing the California Competes Tax Credit for your business. As promised, attached please find the presentation on the Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) and what programs are available for your business. The California Competes Tax Credit presentation can be downloaded from the following link:
I also attached the contact information for Jeff Malin and Will Koch for your use. If you are interested in learning more about a particular program offered through GO-Biz, please contact me and we can help schedule another workshop tailored to your interests and needs. As always, it is a pleasure working with all of you in our local communities. Please feel free to contact me either at the Senator's Huntington Park District Office at (323) 277-4560 or my cellular phone at (323) 839-2091.
I look forward to hearing great news from your business!
Best regards,
Julia Svetlana Juarez
Office of Senator Ricardo Lara, 33rd SD
Phone: (323) 277-4560
Fax: (323) 277-4528
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://sd33.senate.ca.gov/
Download Senator Lara's GO-Biz Workshop Presentation


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Which builder built Ellerdene Close, Redditch ?
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The functional food market consists of energy drinks, dietary complements, breakfast cereals, food supplements and weight management and mood-enhancement products.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Industry Research,Custom Research & Consulting
Functional Food Market Size, Market Share, Application
Analysis, Regional Outlook, Growth, Trends, Competitive
Scenario And Forecasts, 2012 To 2020
Market Overview
Rising chronic diseases and changing lifestyles have led to health scare. This has resulted in consumers
searching for foods that raise their immunity levels. Moreover, food additives and emulsifiers have
rendered many food products bland. This has caused clients to look for their daily dose of vitamins and
nutrients in places, excluding local supermarkets.
An upsurge in the aforementioned circumstances has led the functional food market to carve a niche for
itself. The market provides maximum food at minimum price. Functional foods, also called nutraceutical
foods, provide benefits beyond the capability of normal foods. This term was coined in Japan and each
country markets these foods according to their convenience.
Browse Detail Report With TOC @
Industry Research,Custom Research & Consulting
The functional food market consists of energy drinks, dietary complements, breakfast cereals, food
supplements and weight management and mood-enhancement products. It is estimated to reach about
USD 3 billion by 2020. The major driving factor of the market is augmented chronic diseases, like
diabetes, rickets, obesity and high blood pressure.
Functional foods have multiple benefits. This, coupled with their cheap price and abundant availability
has convinced consumers to opt out of normally available groceries and stick to functional foods.
Functional foods are a feasible option for battling nutritional deficiencies and satisfying the demands of
consumers. The functional food market is divided into two segments. These include foods and regions.
Segmentation Insights
The market provides foods according to the health benefits to different parts of the body. Some of these
body parts are gut, bones and immunity and nutrition pertinent organs. Functional foods offer proteins,
vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, hydrocolloid, fatty acids, carotenoids, omega 3 and 6 fatty acids,
essential oils, etc. They provide nutrition for effective metabolism and normal functioning of the body.
Dietary food supplements are in maximum demand from consumers. They capture lion's share in the
functional food market and are followed by mood-enhancement products. Other products show great
potential in bettering digestion and heart functioning. Weight management foods also promise decent
growth due to rising obesity incidences in the world.
Request A Sample copy of This Report @ http://www.hexaresearch.com/sample/267
The functional food market is also sliced on the basis of regions into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific
(APAC), Latin America and Rest of the World (RoW). North America remains the largest buyer in the
world. The United States of America is the largest consumer of this region, accounting for more than
75% of its consumption. Enhanced demand for functional foods in North America contributes a major
portion in the worldwide income.
Japan has an already existing functional food market. The developing economies of China, Australia and
India in the APAC region are estimated to hold great potential for growth in 2020. The minimal presence
of functional foods in Europe owes to strict health regulations in the region. The region demands
scientific evidence to back up any health claims made by functional food products.
Industry Research,Custom Research & Consulting
Inability of these products in doing the same restricts the flow of the European functional food market.
However, Italy and France in Europe; and Brazil in Latin America display bright futures. Countries in the
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) of the RoW region have showed growing interest in the functional food
This is owing to multiple health concerns, boosting chronic illnesses and escalating novel food products
in the region. Saudi Arabia has the biggest market size and is followed by the United Arab Emirates
(UAE), Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain.
Browse All Nutraceuticals & Functional Foods Industry Research Related Reports @
Key Players
The primary players investing in the functional food market include Standard Functional Foods Group
Inc., Danone, Heinz, Kellogg's, Capmul, Claria, Arcon S, Grindsted, Lacprodan, Prolia, Pureco, Quali,
ViaTech, NovaLipid, and Novasoy. They have actively participated in the market, advertised its foods and
driven its sales.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary & Digital Transformation industry critical success factors
Industry Outlook
Industry Dynamics
Digital Transformation Market drivers
Digital Transformation Market restraints
Digital Transformation Key Market Opportunities
Digital Transformation Porters Analysis
Digital Transformation - PESTEL Analysis
Digital Transformation - Company Market Share Analysis
Digital Transformation Application Outlook
Digital Transformation Regional Outlook
Digital Transformation Company profiles
Research Methodology
Research scope & assumptions
List of data sources
Industry Research,Custom Research & Consulting
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You only need to find 30mins of quiet time each month to do this.
Everything else is provided for you.
Once you've had your mindful experience bonding with the tea you can then read all about it in the detailed pdf article you'll get with the mp3. You can then come and share your experiences with other members in our private area of the Forage Botanicals website.
- A flash card (featured in photo above) with a quick summary of uses
- A label for your herbal tea
- 50g of a dried loose leaf herb (usually a herb local to the UK)
- mp3 guided meditation
- pdf plant profile
- Access to the members site (see video below)
- How to use herbs safely
- How to make remedies from foraged herbs
- The physical, emotional and spiritual uses of the herb
- The planetary associations, energetics and folklore of the herb
- Preparations which suit each individual herb
- Create your own dispensary and materia medica by collecting the materials
- Get a deep connection with each herb
- How to use your senses to assess what herbs do


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When Joseph Beuys Locked Himself in a Room with a Live Coyote
Artsy Editorial
With a written confirmation by Erhard Klein, who closely worked with Joseph Beuys, that this is a unique work.
Signature: Signed, dated and titled
A major figure of the postwar German avant-garde, Joseph Beuys viewed art as a vehicle for social change. His performance art "actions" were shamanistic experiences incorporating ritualized movement and sound, as well as non-traditional and even repulsive materials such as fat, felt, honey, blood, and dead animals. For example, in his groundbreaking 1965 performance How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare, Beuys—who was covered in symbolic materials such as honey, gold leaf, and iron—explained artworks to a cradled hare. Akin to Andy Warhol in influence but with a more widely (and wildly) ranging formal vocabulary, Beuys counted debate and teaching as part of his art and was a leader in many socioeconomic reform movements.
German, 1921-1986, Krefeld, Germany, based in Düsseldorf, Germany
When Joseph Beuys Locked Himself in a Room with a Live Coyote
Artsy Editorial
How the 1960s' Most Iconic Artists Made Art Contemporary
Artsy Editorial
From Chris Burden to ORLAN, How 8 Artists Took Their Work to the Extreme
The Art Genome Project


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The progressive wing of the Democratic party has effectively been neutered and silenced, their votes counted on with out actually doing anything to court them. In response to this treatment the progressives in the Democratic party have done basically nothing to try and force the party at large to cater to their pet issues. Why do you think this is?
sort by best latest
Everybody has the right to raise their voice,if they are not doing anything now after getting some better response,may be they will do a lot for the party. :)
You can help the HubPages community highlight top quality content by ranking this answer up or down.
Quantitative easing is a Neoliberal economic policy though, not a progressive policy. The last time progressive economic policy was enacted in the United States was during the Keynesian era from FDR to Reagan. Though those policies would not be considered truly progressive under current progressive economic theory. Austrian economics has been running the ship since Reagan and it hasn't exactly left us in a favorable position.
For reference, a progressive economic theory to counter point the Austrian school/Neoliberal old guard would be Modern Monetary Theory (also known as Chartalism). You can get a basic run down here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartalism and I'd suggest reading this article to see the theories in action: http://www.thenation.com/article/159288/beyond-aus...
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RENEE MONTAGNE, host:
Iraqis returning to their homes in Baghdad face uncertainty, and for some danger. Many will find those homes occupied by others. The Iraqi government appears to have no real plan to deal with the problem. One spokesman is calling it a potential crisis.
NPR's Jamie Tarabay has this report from Baghdad.
(Soundbite of crowd)
JAMIE TARABAY: A group of men and women crowd inside the halls of a government office in west Baghdad. They've been here all morning and they're agitated. Among them is Suad Mohammed, draped in a black abaya, one hand squeezing a tissue she uses to dab tears from her eyes.
Ms. SUAB MOHAMMED: (Through translator) We were kicked out of our home in Dora. They took my house and furniture.
TARABAY: Suad and her family, all Shiites, fled their home in the south Baghdad district of Dora after they were threatened by Sunni insurgents. She says the insurgent leader has already sold the house.
Ms. MOHAMMED: (Through translator) He forged documents. He was one of Saddam's people. He threatened the judge, bribed people to have their papers drawn up.
TARABAY: Others standing nearby have similar stories. Some of their homes were burnt to the ground; others were given to people of a different sect.
In a country where so much has been lost, owning a home is often the only real asset Iraqis have left.
A woman who gives her name as Um Ali holds a bundle of papers under her arm. She and her family left the turbulent west Baghdad neighborhood of Saydia six months ago. And since then, she says, she's gone from one government office to another in a bid to legalize her claim to the house they left behind.
Ms. UM ALI: (Through translator) All the documents are finished. They checked everything. We came here to get them stamped. There's nothing left now but the manager's signature. We're begging him to finish our papers.
TARABAY: Twenty-nine-year-old Ali Hulmi Abdel Razak is in charge of this displacement office. He says he sees around 200 people a day.
Mr. ALI HULMI ABDEL RAZAK: (Through translator) We have many families going back to their houses. The person has to prove he was displaced. We send them to the main ministry office and they do the rest of the procedures over there.
TARABAY: The Iraqi government has given widely differing estimates of the number of refugees and internally displaced persons who have tried to return to their homes here.
Government spokesman Ali Dabbagh says Iraq has asked humanitarian organizations to help deal with the problem before it becomes a national crisis.
But in a telephone call, Jamal al Karbaly of the Iraqi Red Crescent Society said there's only so much his organization can do.
Mr. JAMAL AL KARBALY (Iraqi Red Crescent Society): (Through translator) We are emergency aid. We just give people tents to live in. Renting houses for these people, evicting squatters, this isn't our responsibility. This is between Iraqis and their government.
TARABAY: Ali Dabbagh says squatters face arrest if they refuse to leave the houses they've taken over when the original owners return. Iraqi security officials, however, say they've been ordered not to allow any more displaced people to return or to evict anyone because of the tensions it would ignite.
All that is of little comfort to Suad Mohammed as she paces back and forth in front of the displacement office in despair.
Ms. MOHAMMED: (Through translator) The man who sold my house sent people to kill my son - my only son. I want the government to give me back my house. I have no one else.
(Soundbite of weeping)
TARABAY: Suad says she hopes to be able to tell her story to Nouri al-Maliki, Iraq's prime minister.
Jamie Tarabay, NPR News, Baghdad.
(Soundbite of music)
MONTAGNE: NPR's Haider al Jumaily contributed to that report.
Copyright © 2007 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
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