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Several recent papers have been critical at a theoretical and empirical level of the evidence of population-level right-handedness in chimpanzees and other great apes. For example, Palmer (2002) has recently argued that the evidence of population-level handedness in chimpanzees is weak because there are sampling biases in the data. McGrew and Marchant (1997) argue that all the evidence of right-handedness in apes is from captive animals and therefore the observed phenomenon has little ecological validity. In this paper, we address recent issues regarding the presentation and interpretation of other hand preference data and argue that chimpanzees are right-handed for some measures. We further argue that purported differences in hand use between wild and captive chimpanzees due to rearing environments are unfounded and we emphasise that more cooperative work between researchers working in captive and feral populations is needed to facilitate collection of data on common measures of hand preference.
The study of handedness in nonhuman primates has recently received a great deal of attention in the scientific community. Historically, it was largely thought that nonhuman primate handedness was bimodally distributed with equal numbers of left- and right-handed individuals (see Bradshaw & Rogers, 1993; Fagot & Vauclair, 1991; Hook-Costigan & Rogers, 1997; Hopkins, 1996; Hopkins & Morris, 1993; Lehman, 1993; Marchant & McGrew, 1991). This distribution was in contrast to human handedness, which was skewed towards population-level right-handedness. Recent studies in a host of nonhuman primate species have reported population-level left- and right-handedness for select measures of hand use, calling into question the historical views regarding differences in the distributions of nonhuman and human primate handedness (Bradshaw & Rogers, 1993; Ward & Hopkins, 1993).
Despite the evidence of population-level handedness in nonhuman primates, there remains continued debate over the analysis and interpretation of findings on handedness, particularly in great apes (Hopkins, 1999; McGrew & Marchant, 1997). Specifically, Palmer (2002) has recently questioned the analysis and interpretation of findings on hand preference in nonhuman primates, and in particular, results suggesting population-level right-handedness in chimpanzees. Specifically, Palmer (2002) re-analysed hand preference data for bimanual feeding in chimpanzees reported by Hopkins (1994) and argued, based on his analysis using funnel graphs, that there were unusual patterns in the data that raised questions of the validity of the results for these data. Palmer (2002) went on to further argue, after re-analysis of 14 select studies on hand preference in chimpanzees, that there were limitations for nearly all of the articles, and from this he argued that there was no compelling evidence of population-level handedness in chimpanzees, and perhaps other great apes.
With respect to the findings reported by Hopkins (1994), Palmer (2002) argued that a fundamental problem with the data was in the relationship between the number of individual data points collected for each subject and the distribution of hand preferences in the sample. Palmer (2002) quartiled the sample (N = 140) on the basis of the total number of observations used to derive the individual handedness scores (see his Table 1) and showed that as the number of observation increased, the number of ambiguously handed subjects increased. In short, the data regressed towards a mean of zero, or no hand preference, with increasing sample size. Palmer (2002) also created funnel graphs of the individual variation in percent right hand use as a function of sample size and argued that the patterns did not conform to patterns that would normally reflect simple sampling error in the Hopkins (1994) data. Lastly, Palmer (2002) applied funnel graph analysis to 14 studies on hand preference in chimpanzees selectively used by McGrew and Marchant (1997) in their review article and argued that most studies found no evidence of population-level handedness and that all the evidence of population-level right-handedness came from studies by Hopkins and colleagues. Palmer (2002) raises questions regarding the generality of the results.
Although Palmer (2002) was critical of a specific set of data, more general concerns about the distribution and interpretation of hand preference findings in great apes have been articulated by McGrew and Marchant (1997). Although McGrew and Marchant (1997) have not been methodologically critical of any specific studies, they have questioned the generality of findings on hand preference in captive great apes to findings in wild subjects. McGrew and Marchant (1997) argue that the slight bias towards right-handedness reported in captive apes is due to the subjects being raised in a human environment and that wild apes do not show evidence of population-level handedness.
The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we begin by addressing the issue raised by Palmer (2002) regarding the application and use of funnel plots in the assessment of hand preference in chimpanzees (and other primates). We also present funnel graphs of additional sets of hand preference data collected in the chimpanzees housed at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC) which do not display the types of anomolous patterns that Palmer believes may characterise other sets of published data. Second, we discuss several other issues pertaining to the comparative analysis and interpretation of handedness findings in great apes compared to humans. In particular, we address in two ways issues of the generality of these findings to wild chimpanzees raised by McGrew and Marchant (1997). First, the issue of differences in the distribution of hand preference between wild and captive apes is empirically addressed by comparing findings on identical or similar measures of hand use that have been reported in wild and captive chimpanzees. Second, hand preferences on common measures of hand use are compared between wild chimpanzees from different field sites in Africa. The working hypothesis, based on the arguments of McGrew and Marchant (1997), is that variation between captive and wild populations of chimpanzees should be greater than variation between chimpanzees from different field sites in Africa.
Palmer (2002) applied the funnel graph analysis to a single study on bimanual feeding in the chimpanzees and questioned all the results based on this analysis. The extent to which his application and findings using funnel graphs apply to other data from the YNPRC has not been directly examined. Depicted in Figures Figures1,1, ,2,2, and and3,3, are funnel graphs of three separate data sets from the chimpanzees housed at the YNPRC. Figure 1 represents the combined TUBE data from Hopkins (1995), Hopkins, Fernandez-Carriba, Wesley, Hostetter, Pilcher, and Poss (2001) and Hopkins and Cantalupo (2003). Collectively, there were 202 chimpanzees tested on the TUBE task and the range of responses was between 12 and 500, respectively. Figure 2 represents simple reaching data from a sample of 140 chimpanzees, and the range of responses was between 23 and 79, with a large number of subjects with exactly 50 responses. Lastly, Figure 3 represents data for throwing from a sample of 39 chimpanzees with a range of responses between 6 and 77.
We believe these data conform fairly well with the simulation funnel graphs representing different hypothetical hand preference distributions provided in the Palmer (2002) paper (see his Figure 1) because there are statistically significant left- and right-handed subjects across the spectrum of sample sizes in each distribution. Of particular note in Figures Figures11 and and33 is the lack of data points within the funnel portion of the distribution. This pattern emerges for two reasons. First, for the TUBE data depicted in Figure 1, the data were summed from three different reports and thus sample size was significantly increased at the individual level. This resulted in fewer ambiguously handed subjects and more subjects showing lateralised hand preferences. Second, for the throwing data depicted in Figure 3, chimpanzees show very pronounced hand preferences at the individual level, irrespective of sample size. In other words, hand use is much more uniform with many subjects showing exclusive or nearly exclusive left or right hand use. This highlights the importance of finding and quantifying reliable measures of hand preference that are sensitive enough to detect consistent hand preferences at the individual level. We will return to this point later in the discussion.
The extent to which the hand preference findings in the YNPRC chimpanzees generalise to other great apes, other samples of chimpanzees and to chimpanzees in the wild compared to captivity are now discussed. Palmer (2002, 2003) and others (McGrew & Marchant, 1997) have argued that the evidence of population-level right-handedness appears to be unique to captive apes, and particularly those housed at the YNPRC. The suggestion has been made that rearing apes in a human environment somehow causes them to develop right-handedness through some type of social learning mechanism or some unknown factor (cf. McGrew & Marchant, 2001). In the following sections, we argue against these claims.
Palmer (2002) suggests that the strongest evidence of right-handedness in great apes has come from the YNPRC colony of chimpanzees, and specifically, from studies by Hopkins and colleagues. One interpretation is that the methods employed by Hopkins and colleagues are not objective enough and lead to an over-estimation of right-handedness by the observers. Of course, it could just as easily be argued that the measure(s) employed by Hopkins and colleagues are more sensitive to detecting individual and population-level handedness than measures employed in different laboratories or in field settings. However, we would go even further and argue that the evidence of population-level right-handedness is not restricted to the findings from the YNPRC colony. For example, using the TUBE task as a measure of comparison between captive species, population-level handedness has been reported in rhesus monkeys and, to a lesser extent, in capuchin monkeys (Spinozzi, Castornina, & Truppa, 1998; Westergaard & Suomi, 1996; Westergaard, Champoux, & Suomi, 1997). In other great apes, data from 31 gorillas suggest borderline right-handedness and significant population-level left-handedness in 19 orangutans (Hopkins, Stoinski, Lukas, Ross, & Wesley, 2003b). Lastly, TUBE data from 116 chimpanzees at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Hopkins, Hook, Braccini, & Schapiro, 2003a) and 148 chimpanzees at the Alamogordo Primate Facility in New Mexico show population-level right handedness (Hopkins, Wesley, Izard, Hook, & Schapiro, in press). The mean HI scores for each population can be seen in Figure 4. In short, although the findings may not be consistent between species and studies in terms of directional biases in hand use, it is important to emphasise that the TUBE task is a reliable and sensitive measure of hand preference in captive nonhuman primates. The reason for differences between the rhesus and capuchin monkey findings is unclear but could easily arise from rearing or age differences (see Westergaard et al., 1997 for discussion).
If one considers other measures of hand use in great apes that were not conducted by Hopkins and colleagues, population-level right-handedness has been found in gorillas (Heestand, 1986; Olson, Ellis, & Nadler, 1990; Shafer, 1993), chimpanzees (Colell, Segarra, & Sabater-Pi, 1995; Heestand, 1986), orangutans (Olson et al., 1990), and captive and wild bonobos (Ingmanson, 1996, 1998; Shafer, 1993). Population-level left-handedness has been found for self-directed touching in orangutans (Rogers & Kaplan, 1996) and spontaneous hand use for everyday activities in chimpanzees (Toback, 1999). Thus, in studies with reasonable sample sizes and reliable and sensitive measures of hand use, population-level handedness is evident in other laboratories and settings.
In terms of the biological and evolutionary significance of handedness studies in great apes (and other primates), the issue of whether the effects are restricted to captive populations is an important one. Palmer (2002) has argued that the evidence that does exist for population-level right-handedness in chimpanzees is largely restricted to captive populations and therefore may be an artefact of captivity with little external validity. McGrew and Marchant (1997) have made similar arguments because they have failed to find population-level handedness in two studies of spontaneous hand use in wild chimpanzees. The evidence used by Palmer (2002) and McGrew and Marchant (1997) to make their arguments is weak, and Hopkins has argued elsewhere (1999) that there are as many differences in the types of measures used to assess hand preference between captive and field studies as there are contextual factors that may explain differences in the results between settings. Several examples illustrate this point.
One potential explanation for differences between field and captive studies may be in the types of measures employed between settings. Focusing on studies in chimpanzees, Marchant and McGrew (1996) and McGrew and Marchant (2001) have overwhelmingly focused on spontaneous motor behaviours expressed by the wild chimpanzees in their everyday activities. Such activities include scratch, pull, groom, eat, pick-up, etc. Similarly, Boesch (1991), in addition to tool-use for wadge dipping and stone hammering, examined hand preferences for reaching and grooming. Shown in Table 1 are the hand preference distributions from captive and wild chimpanzees for five behaviours that have been assessed in captive and wild settings, including scratch, groom, eat, pick-up, and hold. Two points are worth noting. First, with the exception of the hold behaviour, the patterns of hand preference are relatively comparable between captive and field settings and do not point to large differences between settings. Second, there are many ambiguously handed subjects in both captive and wild chimpanzees for all of these measures. Much like the bimanual feeding task used by Hopkins (1994), the primary problem with these measures is that they do not appear to be sensitive enough to detect strong individual hand preferences. In short, if one wants to determine whether species exhibit population-level handedness, then one needs a measure that is sensitive enough to reliably detect a consistent hand preference at the individual level. In none of these field studies in chimpanzees do the measures of hand use meet this criterion. Even in humans, measures of hand use or hand activity for spontaneous activities fail to reveal population-level hand preference (Eaton, Rothman, McKeen, & Campbell, 1998; Marchant, McGrew, & Eibs-Eibesfeldt, 1995). Taken together, the validity of these measures of hand use in wild chimpanzees is questionable and most assuredly cannot be compared with the structured measures of hand use often used with captive chimpanzees.
In contrast to measures of spontaneous hand use, measures of tool use appear to detect strong hand preferences at the individual level (Boesch, 1991; Hopkins, Bard, Jones, & Bales, 1993; Hopkins & Rabinowitz, 1997; Marchant, 1983; Matsuzawa, 1994; McGrew & Marchant, 1992; McGrew, Marchant, Wrangham, & Klein, 1999; Sugiyama, Fushimi, Sakura, & Matsuzawa, 1993). Shown in Table 2 are the data on hand preference in wild and captive chimpanzees. McGrew and Marchant (1997) have argued that there is no evidence of population-level handedness in tool use but there are two important issues to consider in this interpretation. One issue has to do with the relative proportion of right- to left-handedness in the entire sample and across samples. With the exception of termite fishing, the general pattern is more right- than left-handed subjects in the wild chimpanzees. This difference in the number of left- and right-handed apes is not statistically significant, but the ratio of right- to left-handed subjects is about 2:1 which is largely consistent with the ratio of right- to left-handed subjects reported in captive chimpanzees (see Hopkins & Pearson, 2000). The reason the 2:1 ratio is significant in captive subjects is because the sample size is usually twice and as many as three times larger than in field studies. In other words, studies in the captive YNPRC chimpanzees have substantially greater statistical power than any single or the combined field studies on hand use in wild chimpanzees or captive chimpanzees. This highlights the need for more studies in wild populations of chimpanzees with a focus on larger sample sizes.
A second important issue in comparing field and captive studies has to do with the precision of measurement in assessing hand preference. Numerous studies have demonstrated that situational and postural factors can influence hand preferences in nonhuman primates (see Hopkins & Fernandez-Carriba, 2000; Lehman, 1993; Ward & Cantalupo, 1997). In addition, recent studies suggest that grip morphology has an influence on preferential use of the right and left hand in chimpanzees and other great apes (Christel, 1994; Tonooka & Matsuzawa, 1995). In terms of the potential influence of situational factors, the comparison of the hand preference data for termite fishing by McGrew and Marchant (1992) with the findings on honey dipping in captive primates is of significance. McGrew and Marchant (1992) made no attempt to characterise hand use for termite fishing when using a unimanual contrasted with a bimanual strategy. Hopkins and Rabinowitz (1997), on the other hand, directly compared hand preferences for unimanual contrasted with bimanual strategies for honey dipping, a task designed to simulate termite fishing in wild chimpanzees. Population-level right-handedness was found only for bimanual strategies and not for unimanual strategies. In fact, the findings for the unimanual strategy were similar to those reported for wild chimpanzees. Thus, the differences between captive and wild chimpanzees may reflect more the motor demands of the task than the environment per se (see Table 2).
This point is also highly relevant to the findings by Boesch (1991) and Sugiyama et al. (1993) for nut cracking in wild chimpanzees. Boesch (1991) described the nut-cracking task as a "complex bimanual task" (p. 545) but made no attempt to distinguish between unimanual and bimanual strategies in hand use. In fact, Boesch (1991) argues that the reason the younger animals were more right-handed than the older subjects was because they used exclusively a unimanual strategy. These comments are not intended to berate or criticise the efforts made by field workers but rather to articulate procedural and methodological differences that could just as easily account for the disparate findings between captive and field studies, as the settings themselves. Indeed, we believe that the findings on hand preference for tool use are very interesting and remarkable, given the limited procedural criteria used to evaluate hand preference. That stated, we hope that greater emphasis is placed on the potential influence of situational and positional factors on hand use in future studies in wild great apes.
McGrew and Marchant (1997) have been particularly adamant of their claims of significant differences in hand preference distributions between wild and captive studies. An equally important question is the degree of variation between findings in wild apes. A comparison in findings in hand use between the wild chimpanzees of Mahale, Gombe, and Tai forest reveals that there is substantial variation between sites (see Table 3). The most common measures of assessment come from Mahale and Gombe, both of which were conducted by McGrew and Marchant. What is particularly striking in the findings between sites is the inconsistency in results. Almost none of the common measures of hand use in the Mahale group is sensitive enough to detect significant individual hand preferences, while the very same measures do detect significant preferences in the Gombe group. Why this is the case is not clear because no individual data were presented. If there are fewer observations in the subjects at Mahale compared to Gombe then this might explain the variation.
The only potential measure that can be compared between all sites is grooming, and the results are very illuminating. When the frequencies of left, right, and ambidextrous chimpanzees are calculated, there are 16, 29, and 40, respectively. A comparison between the number of left- and right-handed subjects reaches statistical significance (z = 3.21, p < .01). In fact, Boesch (1991) reported individual data for all of his measures of hand use in wild chimpanzees and used nonparametric statistics to evaluate population-level handedness. We have taken these raw data and re-analysed them using one-sample t-tests and the results indicate population-level right-handedness for grooming, t(14) = 2.46, p < .05, and borderline population-level right-handedness for wadge dipping, t(16) = 1.55, p < .10. No individual data were presented in the McGrew and Marchant (2001) and the Marchant and McGrew (1996) papers.
In sum, there is as much, if not more, variation in findings between wild chimpanzees from different field sites than there is between any captive and field study. Notwithstanding some measures, population-level right-handedness is apparent in wild chimpanzees. Moreover, nonparametric statistics should not be the sole means of testing for population-level handedness, but rather greater consideration of the attributes of the data sample should guide decisions regarding the types of analyses to employ.
Lastly, as Hopkins and Pearson (2000) have argued, the magnitude of hand preference is smaller in apes compared to humans and this presents a formidable statistical problem when comparing studies. Specifically, if it is assumed that a true ratio of right- to left-handedness in apes is roughly 2:1 then large sample sizes are needed to detect significant population-level preferences. For example, adopting a beta value of .80 and having six levels of an independent variable(s), such rearing (mother-reared, human-reared wild-caught) and sex (male, female), the sample sizes needed to detect significance at .10, .20, and .40 effect sizes (small, moderate, and large effects) are 138, 66, and 36 respectively. Few, if any, studies on hand preference in great apes have met this criterion (particularly for the small and moderate effect sizes) even though the bulk of the studies point to directional biases in hand use (see Table 4 in Hopkins & Pearson, 2000). This is particularly problematic for measures that are not sensitive enough to detect strong preferences in each individual subject. As stated previously, this is a fundamental difference between the YNPRC studies and nearly all other studies on hand preference in great apes and should not be overlooked just because the animals are in captivity. A further statistical artefact in the existing literature is the nearly exclusive use of chi-square analysis rather than one-sample t-tests. Investigators opt for use of chi-square tests because they usually classify subjects into categories of hand preference based on z-scores. This is not the only or arguably the best way to analyse hand preference data and others have argued that the application of parametric rather than nonparametric statistics to hand preference data is a reasonable and more powerful approach in evaluating for population-level hand preference (see Hopkins, 1999).
In summary, the application of funnel graphs to hand preference seems appropriate when there are unequal sample sizes in the number of observations used to evaluate individual hand preferences. Although the application of funnel graphs by Palmer (2002) to the Hopkins (1994) data did illuminate some apparent anomalies in the data, we do not believe it entirely explains the results of that study and, in particular, other studies of hand preference in chimpanzees. Moreover, the application of funnel graphs to other handedness data sets from the chimpanzees at the YNPRC does not account for the reported population-level right-handedness in these chimpanzees.
The generality of the handedness findings from the YNPRC to wild chimpanzees and chimpanzees in other captive settings remains unclear. The studies conducted by Hopkins and colleagues in the YNPRC colony differ from other studies in three important ways including (a) sample size, (b) type(s) of measure, and (c) experimental control over situational factors. The studies in the YNPRC chimpanzees have typically involved structured rather than unstructured measures of hand use and relatively large sample sizes, and efforts have been made to control or account for potential extraneous variables such as manual strategy (Hopkins & Rabinowitz, 1997), posture (Hopkins, 1993; Hopkins et al., 1993) or situational or positional factors (Hopkins et al., 2001). All of these factors alone or in conjunction can just as easily explain differences in chimpanzee hand preference between settings as the purported explanations of environmental or social learning mechanisms. Until such time, we believe it is better to accumulate a larger corpus of data and focus on collecting comparable data from field and captive settings, rather than highlight differences in findings, when confronted with the apple and oranges problem. To this end, our understanding of the evolution of handedness in humans and apes will be enhanced.
This work was supported in part by NIH grants RR-00165, NS-29574, NS-36605, NS-42867 and HD-38051.
William D. Hopkins, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Claudio Cantalupo, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text: We will be installing a small 2 zone irrigation system for the entrance beds of a corporate center. We have to saw cut about 150' of asphalt and drill through 2 curbs to bring water to the system we will be installing. Is there an ideal depth? I'm thinking around 12-16". We are located in southeast PA if that matters and the line will have a shut off and a blow out.

subset: commoncrawl


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Previous Issue
Next Issue
- We are who we are, Reed. The Fantastic Four. Rich or poor... On Earth or in space... In Gap clothes or our blue jumpsuits...
Appearing in "The Stuff of Nightmares: Part 3"Edit
Featured Characters:
Supporting Characters:
- Alicia Masters (Impersonates Invisible Woman)
Other Characters:
- Franklin Storm (Vision)
- Mary Storm (Vision)
- Franklin Richards (Mentioned)
- Dr. Strange (Mentioned)
- Tony Stark (Mentioned)
- X-Men (Mentioned)
- Dr. Doom (Mentioned)
Synopsis for "The Stuff of Nightmares: Part 3"Edit
The Fantastic Four are pursuing the Psycho-Man who has used his powers to plunge the city of New York into utter chaos. He's attacking the city from the Baxter Building. The Fantastic Four storm the building, but Reed is attacked by a Psycho-Man exoskeleton before they even get inside. Reed encourages the others to press on without him.
Torch flies ahead to clear a path, separating from the group and playing right in to Psycho-Man's plans. Starting with Torch, Psycho-Man begins picking the team apart one by one, delving in to their minds and playing on their fears and insecurities. When the Psycho-Man believes he has the Invisible Woman alone. But it turns out that the "Invisible Woman" is actually Alicia Masters in disguise. When the Psycho-Man fails to twist her emotions with hallucinations don't work, Sue makes herself visible. She then realises that the Psycho-Man is dying and that he is trying to get his final revenge against her before he dies. However while she distracts him, she has cut off his wind pipe with her powers causing him to eventually pass out from lack of oxygen.
Later, on the rooftop, now that the Fantastic Four have saved the city, Susan encourages Reed to renegotiate terms with the mayor's office and invent some new stuff to start rebuilding their fortune. Reed agrees and it ends with the feeling that things are going to go back to normal.
Continuity Notes
- The events of Marvel Knights 4 #1-12 occur between Fantastic Four #516 and 517.
- The Psycho-Man and Sue have a sordid history. He emotionally tortured her from Fantastic Four #280-284 which ended with Sue torturing Psycho-Man to the point of catatonia.
- The Fantastic Four lost their fortune and were evicted from their headquarters between Marvel Knights 4 #1-4.
- No trivia.
See AlsoEdit
Recommended ReadingEdit
- None.
Links and ReferencesEdit
- None.
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"Life is not the way it's supposed to be. It's the way it is. The way you cope with it is what makes the difference."
Hi, Nanakaki. To get the most responses, it would be best to start your own thread by clicking on New Topic. You sound like you have a lot to deal with, so we don't want to see you "slip the the cracks."
Welcome to the forum.


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Re: muniz genealogy...puerto rico
In reply to:
Re: muniz genealogy...puerto rico
Elaina Muniz 7/01/02
Hi....perhaps we are related? I don't know much about my father so I am trying to find as much as possible. All I do know is that he was born in Puerto Rico. He had brothers by the name of Edward, Charles and Nadal. A sister named Carmen Muniz-Rodreiguz (not sure I spelled the last name corretly). My father's name is James (Jaime) Muniz. I did locate an obituary from Henderson, Nevada, and I am pretty sure it is him because the information mentioned was correct. I found it last year.It states he passed away November 10, 2004 at the age of 82. He had a wife, Rose M. Muniz-68, along with several children. I shall list the names for you: Nelson J Muniz-47,Rosales Muniz-34, Isabel Christina Muniz-34, Marlon J Muniz-43, Bridget Colleen Muniz - 38, Elizabeth Muniz-46, George Anibal Muniz-41. Others listed but not sure if it's the same family. Michael Bryant Muniz-35 and Paula Kay Muniz-43.
Please keep in touch and let me know when you find anything of if we are in fact Sisters? Love to talk and meet anyone I can. My email is firstname.lastname@example.com
Thank you so much for your info and hopefully we are related and can learn together.........Brenda


text: Home > Metro Manila Forbeswood Heights condo guards face raps By Pia Gutierrez, ABS-CBN News Posted at Feb 05 2014 11:18 PM | Updated as of Feb 06 2014 07:18 AM Share Save Facebook Twitter GPlus LinkedIn MANILA -- Taguig police on Wednesday filed obstruction of justice charges against Megaforce Security Agency for failing to report the mauling of Vhong Navarro inside the Forbeswood Heights Condominium last January 22. Taguig police accused Megaforce and several of its personnel for violation of Presidential Decree 1829 (Penalizing Obstruction of Apprehension and Prosecution of Criminal Offenders) at the Taguig City Prosecutor's Office Wednesday afternoon. In his complaint-affidavit submitted before the Office of Assistant State Prosecutor Ricardo Estrabo, acting Taguig police chief Arthur Felix Asis said Megaforce as well as its personnel -- chief security Roderick Garbin, security officers Jeffrey Veniegas and Romeo Nevado Jr., investigation head Maximo Meregildo and other John Does -- committed obstruction of justice by their failure to report the mauling incident to the police as well as concealing from the investigators several pieces evidence on the case. Asis said that he only knew of the incident from a television report by ABS-CBN News on January 24, two days after it happened. Immediately upon obtaining information that it happened at Forbeswood Heights condominium, he dispatched his men to coordinate with the building administration and security management. The security guard on duty, Jeffrey Deniegas, however, refused to divulge information and barred police from entering the building. The next day, Asis said Deniegas vehemently denied that such incident occurred. The security agency also refused to cooperate with the police's formal requests to turn over the closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera footage of the night of the incident, name the owner of the unit where the incident happened, name the security guards on duty during the incident, submit list of the guests at the time of the incident, and turn over the incident report of Megaforce. This, Asis said, despite the agency's verbal assurances that it will cooperate with the police. Aside from a criminal case, the Taguig police are also set to file administrative charges against the respondents. Share Save Facebook Share on Twitter GPlus LinkedIn Read More: Vhong Navarro mauling Cedric Lee obstruction of justice forbeswood heights deniece cornejo Megaforce Security Agency Taguig police /business/11/21/17/volvo-to-supply-uber-with-self-driving-cars/news/11/21/17/harry-roque-bids-dzmm-program-goodbye/video/business/11/21/17/roque-duterte-offered-telco-carrier-slot-to-china/video/business/11/21/17/ph-shares-buck-asia-slump/video/business/11/21/17/treasury-raises-p130-b-from-rtb-sale


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A beautiful and modern space, the Via Alta Kitchen Studio is located in Manhattan's Flatiron District. It provides a space to film and photograph a number of Via Alta Productions' projects,
including its weekly "How to Tuesday" series. It is a concept built of smart custom design and quality materials and appliances, featuring advanced functionality, simple sophistication and minimalist versatility that allows the style and tone of shoots to be easily adaptive, depending on the project. The new kitchen hopes to take Via Alta to the next level by creating a steady flow of both in-house projects and other culinary and lifestyle productions.
The studio is generously furnished by:
Manhattan Center for Kitchen & Bath
As well as:
To learn more about Via Alta Productions and the studio kitchen, visit www.viaaltaproductions.com


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La Carreta Mexican Café of Nacogdoches, TX serves up delicious daily menu items, desserts and carry out services to local and surrounding customers. We have something for everyone and our friendly staff and broad menu items will keep you coming back for more. We accommodate large groups and offer a fun and friendly atmosphere. Don't forget to ask about our catering services! Learn More About La Carreta Mexican Café:
Contact La Carreta Mexican Café today at 936-569-2800, or browse the website for more information about our products and services.


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When life gets in the way of building your business
Yesterday I "cheated" on my write and publish a post every day in March challenge.
I took a post I had published last year, added some cartoons, changed the publish date and promoted it.
This is something I routinely advise my clients to do.
Breathe some new life into older work and re-release it. As your audience grows, the new people won't have seen the old work – and even the people who HAVE seen it can benefit from re-reading.
This is a way of refining your message and making sure you get as much value as you can from the things you've created.
A valid choice.
And yet…
Last night it dawned on me that by doing that, I was missing the essence of this challenge – which was to show up, write and share every day – no matter what.
Republishing the old post met my goal of "being consistent" – and it missed the goal of "growth."
This was a way for me to escape being vulnerable and truthful
Because ugly truths in life have no place in business.
We are taught things like:
- Fake it until you make it
- Never let them see you sweat
- Don't share problems while you're still in them
If you've spent more than, say, 15 minutes in the small biz entrepreneurship marketing laptop lifestyle world, you'll have seen a lot of picture perfect nothing ever goes wrong everything is shiny and beautiful and perfect. Carefully scripted, curated and airbrushed. A performance of sorts: look at me! I have a perfect life! (And business too!)
Oh…you'll see the "bad" stuff.
But only as the "rags" in the rags to riches tales or as the problems someone had BEFORE they discovered the thing they are selling. Or the "problems" that come from such high levels of success. (I just can't cope with my email this morning! So many paypal messages!)
This has been labelled as being "transparent" or "authentic."
But I wonder…
Is it really transparent or authentic if you only ever show the good?
Here's what I started writing yesterday:
I'm not having a good day.
Our dog Milo is dying. As much as I'd love to say that he's "sick" – the reality is that he is not going to get better.
When I challenged myself to post every day in March, I believed that Milo would be with us for a few months yet. Now we're not so sure. It could be any day.
I don't feel like writing today. I don't feel like working.
I looked at it and thought: "I can't publish that! How could that possibly be helpful to anyone?"
So I decided to recycle the older, more helpful post.
But maybe it would be helpful to share a bit of reality. Because sometimes it helps to know that you're not the only one dealing with "stuff." And it might be nice to know that it's possible to have a business alongside a messy, imperfect life.
Business isn't always easy. And life isn't always fun.
On Monday's Action Call, one of the points we looked at was the idea that "there is no hurry."
In times like these, I find that thought comforting. Because right now my life is distracting me from my business. (As it should!)
Milo is having a good day today. (I was delighted to hear him barking up a storm this morning at 7:00. The neighbours may not have been quite as impressed!)
Things are going to be up and down and disrupted over the next little while.
I may not be able to write something new each day. I may recycle another older post. Or miss a day or two.
I may need to reschedule some client appointments or renegotiate some project deadlines.
At least I have that flexibility.
One of the nice things about having YOU-Shaped Business is that it accommodates your life. Even when life isn't so nice.
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6 Comments
Oh. Heart breaking. I can't stand news of a fur family member leaving or getting ready to leave this world. It is SOOOOOO hard. Thanks for your vulnerability. No matter how much we all know it, it is good to be reminded that we never know what is going on in somebody else's world so be compassionate always. And, yes, life can get in the way of work. Thanks for stepping bravely into your challenge.
What is the point of life if you are too busy working to enjoy it or those that are in our lives? Many choose to believe our lives must be sacrificed to our business. To prove how committed we are. That it's okay, we'll will get another chance, one more time but later at a more convenient time, when it fits into our business life. Never happens.
You have made smart choices Patty. You chose to follow your heart. To enjoy the time left, with Milo who you love and who needs you and who you need. Time and experiences we can not get back. You chose to honour your sadness and your life and therefore business will only be stronger because of that. Those who admire you for your priority and put Milo first are those you want in your life.
I have been very lucky, my business choices allowed me as a single mom to only need one after school daycare per week, the rest of the time I could be my most important business being a mom. My income business came second to my daughter always. If there was ever a conflict, I asked her if it was okay if I worked. Only once did she say no. Guess what? The timing was terrible but I turned down the job and money. Not because I was rolling in dough but because my daughter needed to know she mattered and I respected her 'need' to have mom and daughter time even when it meant I didn't make money. I honoured my commitment to her.
For her to know she was my priority and we would be okay because I made choices not comfortable for today but for the future. Not based in 'business' values but in love values. My daughter knowing I'd put her ahead of 'business' – priceless!
Peace and love and hugs to all of you. It is just a rotten, tough, gut wrenching time.
None of us know when the last grain of sand will fall from our life's hour glass.
Patty, I am sure this was a hard post to write and it's one of your best. It shows you as the loving person you are and offers us a way to move forward out if our own grief and pain


text:
Calvin Correli is an artist, entrepreneur, and the CEO of a holistically focused, multi-million dollar software company called Simplero.
Calvin is passionate about helping online business owners do exactly what brings them most alive and is currently working on branching out to bring all of his talents -- including music, spirituality and personal growth into an exciting new service for entrepreneurs.
We had lots of fun doing this interview, especially taking into consideration the fact that I wanted to interview him since I begun this podcast and a fellow podcaster, Nicole Holland connected us without her knowing that I wanted to talk with Calvin about gratitude.
He also has his on show on Youtube that you can check out. You'll find the link in the Resources section.
What we talked about
- The present of the present moment and how this influences gratitude
- Calvin shares his favourite story from Byron Katie
- What keeps us from being grateful
- Feeling sorry for yourself and how that is just a way to run away from [find in the podcast]
- Loving yourself and how it affects all the parts of your life and the upside down perspective Calvin gives to it
- Feeling grateful for the papers and plastic cards in your pocket that help you enjoy the benefits of modern life
- The story of Victor and the courage to live life to the fullest and be an inspiration even after having had an accident that left him in a wheelchair
His favorite Gratitude Quote
"The present moment is called present for a reason, it's because it's a gift"
Actionable tips to be GRATEFUL consistenly
- Take time to meditate and enjoy the present (your present)
- Think of what's keeping you from being grateful, what's making you non-grateful and choose to let it go
- Find out what benefits you might find in being a victim and choose to rise above them
Mentioned resources
- Calvin's website and Calvin's Show: http://calvincorreli.com


text:
Today would have been my mother's 86th birthday. I am grateful to have been in Myrtle Beach on that day in 2013, when my sister and I surprised her with a (very small) birthday celebration with a few new friends in my parents' new state and town. We did it specifically because Dad realized a month or so before that Mom had never been given a surprise birthday party – in her whole life, perhaps. By that time he knew he wouldn't be around much longer and asked Jo to make sure it happened. So, 16 days after he left, we did just that. She was quite surprised and overflowed with the pure joy a child knows. Not one person there could imagine it was her last birthday on earth. Such a bittersweet memory, as so many memories of the last years with them.
I am grateful for Mom that she and Dad were re-united so quickly after 64 years of marriage. I am also thankful that she is no longer weighed down with self-criticism, and fear and worry, which sadly, were two of her fairly steady companions. Don't misunderstand: she experienced much joy and happiness. Her greatest joys involved giving of her time, her listening ear, and her gift of hospitality to make others know they were loved. Yet fear and worry never lurked too far away – from fleeting moments to long hauls. And her critical look at self did not make receiving love, or pure joy, easy.
Generally, Mom was afraid to die, even though she was certain that this life on earth is a temporary preparation for true life, which is eternal. A phrase in a movie we watched the other night struck me as worthy of contemplation for the truth it holds, "The people who are afraid to die are those who are afraid to live." With June 29 approaching, it led me to thoughts of my mother.
Mom, I rejoice that at last you are living life fully unencumbered. You know your worthiness and are able to receive the Love you so willingly gave. You are free, at last, to experience peace, joy and happiness that can never be stolen again.
Happy Birthday, Mommy. I love you forever.
|Mommy and Me 2013
To share your thoughts or comments, click on the '(numeral) comments' link below and next to "posted by Cheryl Ann Wills.' I would love to hear from you!


text:
Insight on the News - World
Issue date: 12/31/01
He has blown up U.S. embassies and car-bombed a U.S. military barracks. He
has hijacked U.S. commercial airliners and murdered Americans. He has
kidnapped and tortured a top CIA officer and vowed through terror to drive the
United States from his country. Do you know who he is?
If you guessed Osama bin Laden, you're wrong. The correct answer is Imad
Fayez Mugniyeh (pronounced MOOG-NEE-YEH), a Lebanese Shiite long
considered one of the world's most ruthless and elusive killers. The CIA has
been tracking him since 1984 when he masterminded the kidnapping in Beirut
of CIA station chief William Buckley, apparently on orders from Iran. Now
evidence is beginning to mount that Mugniyeh has deep ties to bin Laden and
his al-Qaeda network and may have been directly involved in planning the
Sept. 11 attacks.
"We know Mugniyeh has a relationship to bin Laden. We know that," one U.S.
official tells Insight. "Did he have a role in planning the outrages of September
11? We can't rule it out. Hezbollah is part of bin Laden's International Islamic
Front for Jihad on the Jews and Crusaders, and Mugniyeh is the head of
Hezbollah's special-operations branch."
Twice the United States spotted Mugniyeh on international flights and sought
to have him arrested. In 1986, he was leaving Charles de Gaulle Airport after
several days of secret negotiations with the French government. Although the
CIA provided a copy of the passport he was using, the French declined to stop
him. Nine years later, he was flying back to Beirut from Khartoum after a
meeting with bin Laden in the Sudan. The United States arranged for his
Middle East Airways plane to make an unscheduled stopover in Jedda, Saudi
Arabia, but the Saudi authorities refused to force him to leave the plane.
Neither the French nor the Saudis wanted him on their hands.
"Imad Mugniyeh is one of the most demonic of the militant Islamic leaders,"
says Daniel Pipes of the Middle East Forum in Philadelphia. "He appears to
serve as a bridge between the 1980s, when the violence was primarily Shiite,
and today, when it is primarily Sunni."
Mugniyeh and his Iranian backers are Shiite Muslims; bin Laden and his
followers are Sunnis. Most terrorism analysts and Islamic scholars insist that
the two Muslim sects are on less-friendly terms than Catholics and Protestants
in Belfast. But when it comes to terrorism, they are dead wrong.
The eldest of four children, Mugniyeh was born in the village of Tir Dibba in the
mountains above the Lebanese coastal city of Tyre on July 12, 1962. His
father, Sheik Muhammad Jawad Mugniyeh, was praised as "one of Shia
Lebanon's best jurists" by American Islamic scholar Fouad Ajami.
As a high-school dropout, Mugniyeh was recruited by Yasser Arafat's Fatah
faction and later joined the elite Force 17, Arafat's personal security service.
Once the Palestinians were kicked out of Lebanon in 1983, Mugniyeh and his
two brothers, Fuad and Jihad, joined a new organization set up by Iran called
Hezbollah (Party of God). Its goal was to drive the Western powers out of
Imad Mugniyeh became Hezbollah's star recruit, reporting directly to Ali Akbar
Mohtashemi-Pour, Iran's ambassador to Syria. His terrorist pedigree began
with a bang when he organized the April 18, 1983, bombing of the U.S.
Embassy in Beirut that killed 63 people, including Robert Ames, the CIA's top
Middle East operations officer, and many of his best agents.
In October 1983, Mugniyeh was back at work. This time, with Iranian and
Syrian help, he plotted the twin suicide truck-bomb attacks in Beirut that took
the lives of 242 U.S. Marines and 58 French troops.
For many years Mugniyeh's personal involvement in those early bombings
remained obscure. It wasn't until he kidnapped the new CIA station chief to
Beirut, William Buckley, in April 1984 that the U.S. intelligence community
began to get a fix on him.
David Jacobsen was one of a dozen Americans and Frenchmen kidnapped in
Beirut in the 1980s by Mugniyeh and his pro-Iranian militiamen. At one point
he shared a cell with Buckley at an undisclosed location and remembers his
ordeal well. "I was chained to the floor; I was blindfolded. The person at my
feet, I later learned, was Terry Anderson, and the person at the head was Bill
Mugniyeh's guards tried to keep them from speaking to one another. "One of
the chilling moments for me and for Terry Anderson was to hear Bill Buckley
cough," says Jacobsen. "He was very, very sick. He was delirious. I heard him
say, 'I don't know what happened to my body; it was so strong 30 days ago.'"
The CIA now believes that Buckley was tortured to death by Mugniyeh
personally, who extracted whatever secrets he could and then murdered him.
Buckley was honored by CIA director William H. Webster at a posthumous
ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery on May 13, 1988, and a star in his
honor was carved into the wall of CIA headquarters &emdash; the 51st.
Mugniyeh burst onto the international scene with the brash June 1985 hijacking
of TWA Flight 847 from Greece to Beirut, where he held 39 Americans hostage
for 17 days. Wearing a ski mask, Mugniyeh prowled the aisles of the aircraft
looking for U.S. military personnel and discovered U.S. Navy diver Robert
Stethem. He tortured and shot Stethem, then dumped his body out on the
runway in full view of international TV cameras. Later, the FBI was able to
identify Mugniyeh's fingerprints in the rear lavatory of the aircraft and indicted
him for Stethem's murder.
Mugniyeh also murdered for personal reasons, including the release of a
family member. The man who initiated him in the art of bomb-making was his
brother-in-law, Mustapha Badr-el-Din, whose crippled legs prevented him from
joining a Beirut militia. Badr-el-Din plied his trade by designing the bombs
used in a series of devastating attacks against Kuwait. He was arrested and
sentenced to death for his crimes by the Kuwaiti government.
In April 1988, Mugniyeh orchestrated the hijacking of a Kuwait Airlines flight to
Bangkok. On board were three members of the Kuwaiti royal family. In
exchange for their freedom, Mugniyeh demanded the release of his
brother-in-law and 16 other Shiite prisoners in Kuwait, known collectively as the
"Ad-Dawaa 17."
The plane made a three-day stopover in the eastern Iranian city of Mashad,
where some sources believe Mugniyeh personally boarded the aircraft and
brought on additional hijackers and weapons. Next, they flew to Cyprus, where
two Kuwaiti passengers were murdered and dumped onto the runway in a
stunning replay of the TWA hijacking three years earlier. They ended up in
Algiers, where negotiators from the Iranian and Algerian governments, as well
as Yasser Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organization, arranged safe passage
for all the hijackers.
Intelligence officials believe Mugniyeh is seeking personal vengeance on the
United States and Israel for the deaths of his brothers, which explains in part
his willingness to lend his expertise to operations organized by other groups.
Mugniyeh's brothers were killed in retaliatory attacks in Lebanon believed to
have been carried out by Israeli and U.S. operatives.
"Bin Laden is a schoolboy in comparison with Mugniyeh," an Israeli-intelligence
officer told Jane's Foreign Report recently. "The guy is a genius, someone who
refined the art of terrorism to its utmost level. We studied him and reached
the conclusion that he is a clinical psychopath motivated by uncontrollable
psychological reasons, which we have given up trying to understand. The killing
of his two brothers by the Americans only inflamed his strong motivation."
His brother, Jihad Mugniyeh, died in 1985 when a car bomb intended for
Hezbollah leader Sheik Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah killed 75 people outside
Fadlallah's home in Beirut. Hezbollah blamed the CIA for the attack. His other
brother, Fuad Mugniyeh, died in December 1994 when another car bomb
exploded near the mosque where Fadlallah preached his weekly sermon,
directly outside of a shop owned by Fuad. The car-bomb attack reportedly was
ordered by Israel in reprisal for the bombing of the Jewish Community Center
in Buenos Aires earlier that year which killed 86.
In the 1990s Mugniyeh shifted focus from Lebanon and the Persian Gulf to
launch a series of dramatic international operations. On March 17, 1992, a
Hezbollah strike team leveled the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, killing 29
persons and wounding 242. Hezbollah said the attack was intended to avenge
the killing of Lebanese Hezbollah leader Sheik Abbas Musawi, whose convoy
was obliterated by Israeli helicopter gunships in South Lebanon one month
Next was the Argentine Israeli Mutual Association (AMIA) community-center
bombing in July 1994. Investigating Judge Juan Jose Galeano told Insight
recently, "There was lots of Iranian diplomatic activity just before the attack
which remains unexplained. They all got out before the bomb went off."
U.S. and Israeli intelligence sources believe Mugniyeh was involved in the
planning of the AMIA attack and may have parachuted into Argentina on an
Iranian service passport at the last minute to activate sleeper networks and
handle logistics for the bomb. "Hezbollah claimed responsibility for that
attack," a State Department counterterrorism analyst tells Insight, "and
Mugniyeh heads the terror wing of that organization."
Army reserve Brig. Gen. Shimon Shapira, previously a senior
military-intelligence officer who tracked Mugniyeh's career, told Israeli journalist
Ronen Bergman: "This man isn't working alone. All his power comes from his
reliance on the Iranian intelligence service. None of his operations could have
been executed without their infrastructure. This infrastructure is very wide,
ranging from embassies [and] commerce delegations to all other Iranian state
activities. No one is overstating Mugniyeh's work because it represents the
whole of Hezbollah."
In 1996, Mugniyeh wanted to hit another commercial airliner, this time from El
Al. The name on the expertly forged British passport used by Mugniyeh's
operative was Andrew Jonathan Neumann. El Al's much-vaunted security failed
to notice anything suspicious about him or to detect the kilogram of
military-grade RDX explosive he was carrying when he entered Israel in April
1996 on a Swissair flight from Zurich.
Neumann wasn't British. He was a Lebanese Shiite named Hussein Mohammad
Mikdad. Luckily for his intended victims, he failed Bomb-making 101. While
mixing his deadly brew in an East Jerusalem hotel room, Mikdad blew off his
lower body. From his hospital bed he said he had been trained in Iran to
become "a heroic human flying bomb," detonating the explosive while
traveling on an El Al flight departing from Tel Aviv. "The operation was a
special gift" to Israel from Imad Mugniyeh, he said.
Before Sept. 11, the Israelis were picking up numerous signs that Mugniyeh
was planning new operations aimed at Israel and the United States. A top
Israeli military-intelligence official, Maj. Gen. Amos Malka, went on Israeli
television in June to warn that "bin Laden has tried, will try to reach us and
may even reach us here in Israel." He described recent attempts by bin Laden
to establish terrorist cells in Gaza and the West Bank and said bin Laden's
group was "planning an attack on U.S. and Israeli interests within the next few
weeks." Mugniyeh was believed to be involved in several of these infiltration
Russian President Vladimir Putin has fingered bin Laden, Mugniyeh and Iran
for helping to train Chechen rebels who fight against the Russian government.
Speaking in Germany just 10 days after the Sept. 11 attacks, Putin said he
had given specific information to the United States on Arab fighters in
Chechnya whom Mugniyeh had trained. "As a rule, activities of terrorists are
very coordinated," he said. "For example, on one Arab mercenary in Chechnya
we found instructions for flying a Boeing."
Jane's reported in October that for the last two years Iraqi intelligence officers
were shuttling between Baghdad and Afghanistan, meeting with bin Laden,
Mugniyeh and bin Laden deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri. Top U.S. officials were
briefed on these ties on Oct. 26, Insight reported ("Iran Cosponsors Al-Qaeda
Terrorism," Dec. 3).
Bin Laden first met Mugniyeh in 1993, according to his former chief of security,
Ali Mohammad. In a plea agreement entered on Oct. 20, 2000, in the
Southern District of New York for his involvement in the U.S. Embassy
bombings in Africa, Mohammad acknowledges that he "arranged security" for
the meeting that took place while bin Laden was living in the Sudan.
Mohammad said Mugniyeh's Hezbollah group "provided explosives training for
al-Qaeda and al-Jihad," the two groups most closely tied to bin Laden. "Iran
supplied Egyptian Jihad with weapons. Iran also used Hezbollah to supply
explosives that were disguised to look like rocks."
An earlier affidavit by FBI Agent Daniel Coleman, based on information
provided former members of al-Qaeda, reported that bin Laden personally
exhorted his followers to "put aside [their] differences with Shiite Muslim
terrorist organizations, including the government of Iran and its affiliated
terrorist group Hezbollah, to cooperate against the perceived common enemy,
the United States and its allies."
Mugniyeh and Iran go way back, and their close association disturbs some
analysts at the U.S. State Department, which is trying to rehabilitate the
regime of Iranian President Mohammad Khatami. "There is no evidence that
Mugniyeh was one of the planners of the Sept. 11 attacks," a State
Department official tells Insight. "In fact, there is evidence to the contrary."
Separating Mugniyeh from bin Laden, Iran and Saddam Hussein's Iraq &emdash; with
whom bin Laden has formed increasingly close ties during the last six years &emdash;
has become an important goal for the professional diplomats, who are seeking
to limit the U.S. war on terrorism to a renegade Saudi and his band of merry
men holed up in Afghanistan. But, for FBI investigators and U.S. intelligence
analysts, the evidence is piling up of a consortium of groups and states that
defy commonly accepted boundaries. "Call it a terrorism clearinghouse," one
government analyst tells Insight.
Kenneth R. Timmerman is a senior writer for Insight magazine.
Story Source: Insight on the News


text:
Top 10 Most Overplayed Roblox GamesDavidNejc Some Games On Roblox Are Just Overplayed. So We Are Counting Down 10 Most Overplayed Games On Roblox.
The Top Ten
Also most of the managers are just bossy and put you back to work for no reason.
I was once manager and one weirdo hacked and got manager right off the bat. - Tacocheese
Well on the 3/02/2016 Work at a pizza place had 102,000,000+Plays
I like pizza huts and I found one thanks dued1 :DV 8 Comments
What Do You Expect From This? It's An Another Tycoon, Which Is Quite Well Made. But A Lot Of People Still Play It, Even If They Beat It. Come On, Go And Complete Another One! Sometimes Really Overplayed. - DavidNejc
Real overplaying in its pure state
When Taymaster Created This, It Suddenly Became A Huge Hit. But Now It Even Beat The Mad Murderer. It Is On The Top Page Mostly All The Time. But Roblox Really Needs To Stop With The Murderer Genre Games. Way Way Way Too Overplayed. - DavidNejcV 1 Comment
People Are Completely Addicted To This Game. We Get It, It's Fun, And It Has Great Gameplay. But You Can at least Play Something Else Sometimes. Sometimes Way Too Overplayed. - DavidNejc
A Game Made By Our "Most" Loved Dev; Loleris. Even When He Fired The Scripter, People Still Play It. It Isn't Even Fun Anymore. And He Probably Ruined It Forever By Adding Other Gamemodes. I Personally Liked Elimination. Overplayed, But Not That Much Anymore. - DavidNejcV 1 Comment
This Game Was Once One Of The Most Popular Ones. It Isn't Bad In Any Way... Well Maybe It Has Some Glitched But It's Great Overall. But It Is Still Overplayed. - DavidNejcV 1 Comment
This One Is Quite New, But It Went Quite Viral. It Is A Little Overplayed, But It's Not Fun Anymore. The Real Problem Is, That People Pick The Most Easy Or Stupid Minigames every time. People Will Play This A Lot Since It Got Picked For Egg Hunt 2015. - DavidNejcV 1 Comment
Hate it but it involves sex too much
Just Why! It's An ODing Game! It's So Bad, And Probably Full Of Free Models, But People Still Play It! Remember, Roblox Isn't A Dating Site. A lot Of People Play This Sometimes. - DavidNejc
I see lots posts on the group wall saying how much they enjoy the game (which is a lot) - NamiKazePants08
Much overplayed, with that ODing and bad players, is strange how is in front page...
Is it me or did I just see a add featuring this game
The Newcomers
Not an Opinion should be the #1
The Contenders
These Are Always There. When The First One Was Made It Was Quite Good. But Then So Much Copies Came! And People Still Play It. For Me, It Isn't Fun So Much, Since All You Do Is Run, Jump, And Fail. Maybe If He Added Some Mechanics It Would Be Good. It Isn't That Overplayed But It Still Quite Is. - DavidNejc
It should be number 1 but it is a great game I play it all the time. I would love if they would add a phantom forces 2.
This Is A Game Where You... Get Stuff From The Catalog. It Isn't Even That Fun, Since Players Pick The Most Easy To Kill Gears. I Mean, You Can Try Clothes, Hats N' Stuff. But It's Still Not That Much Overplayed. - DavidNejc
Not as a bad thing... But there was a lot of visitors
Recommended Lists
Related ListsBest Roblox Games Best Roleplaying Games On Roblox Top 10 Best Roblox Games of 2015 Top 10 Roblox Games of 2013 Top 10 Roblox Games of 2014
List Stats
2 years, 243 days old


text: I thought I would start this thread because so many ppl are going in Dec on southwest. Lets work together to get a great price. I am waiting for a bit to book. I have ding too so hopefully something will come through. Should I book at the higher price and then change it when it goes down or wait ??? thanks Diane


text:
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Hour meter only activates when engine is running and is located within easy sight of the operator while in the operating position.Productive, time saving accessories like a grass collection system and high-powered halogen lights are available for the Freedom Z. Actual ground speed may vary. Specifications subject to change without notice or obligation. We set up and demonstrate the safe and proper operation of all the power equipment we sell.. CHECK OUT OUR NEW WEB SITE AT WWW.YERXASPOWEREQUIPMENT.COM Check out my other items!. Location: Portland, Maine.
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It happens every year, the weather gets colder, the days shorter and we slowly forget about the good eating and exercise habits that we had in summer. It's like our motivation slowly goes into hibernation, but it doesn't need to be that way. With determination, you can still adapt your healthy lifestyle, no matter what season it is.
If you're still in doubt, take a look at the following tips and see for yourself how easy is to stay fit during the cold season.
1. Take care of what you eat
It was so easy in summer with al those fresh salads and fruit to help you stay in shape. Now the weather got colder and that hot chocolate looks yummier than ever. No one says that you are not allowed to indulge yourself, but do it with moderation. Autumn has plenty of healthy foods to offer, so it won't be hard at all. Remember that no matter the season. hydration is very important,so make sure you drink plenty of water.
2. Enjoy the good weather
Not all autumn days are rainy and cold, so take advantage of the good weather and spend as much time as possible in nature. You can do 30 minutes of brisk walking or jogging or even better, you can roller skate. Roller skating is not only a fun activity, it also has many healthy benefits for your body. It's great as a cross training exercise, it's calorie burning and it's a great workout for your arms and legs. So, make sure you invest in a good pair of roller skates and have fun and workout at the same time. Proline Skates offer a great variety of skates, all you have to do is take a look and make your pick.
3. Exercise
We all know that after the lazy summer days, in autumn our schedules are full most of the time. It's very hard to make room for a gym appointment in this rhythm, but don't get discouraged! You can still exercise in the comfort of your own home without any problem. There're plenty of fitness videos online that can help you workout, or you can simply put some music on and dance.
4. Go for a swim
Swimming is a fun activity that also offers a full body cardio workout and tones all your muscles. Even if the weather is bad, there're plenty of indoor swimming pools that you can choose from. Swimming is also very relaxing, so after a hard day at work, a nice swim will relax your mind and body.
5. Get your morning fix
Maybe you're not in the mood to workout after a busy day at the office, so why don't you set your alarm 30 minutes earlier and start the day with a refreshing workout? That way you will enjoy an energy boost that will last through the whole day.
What are your tips for staying fit this season?


text:
FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Euro zone banks should continue to offload their bad loans and improve their lending practices even as the economy improves, a senior European Central Bank supervisor said on Monday.
"There is therefore a need for continued effort, tailored to the specific situation of individual banks, to improve lending practices and to effectively dispose of existing NPLs (non-performing loans)," Ignazio Angeloni, a member of the ECB's supervisory board, told an event in Milan.
Reporting By Francesco Canepa


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"There's good in all of us
and I think I simply love people too much,
so much, that it makes me feel too fucking sad."
– Kurt Cobain –
"If you die you're completely happy
and your soul somewhere lives on.I'm not afraid of dying.
Total peace after death,
becoming someone else is the best hope I've got."
– Kurt Cobain –
"I knew I was different.
I thought that I might be gay or something
because I couldn't identify with any of the guys at all.
None of them liked art or music.
They just wanted to fight and get laid.
It was many years ago but it gave me this
real hatred for the average American macho male."
– Kurt Cobain –
"Practice makes perfect,
but nobody's perfect, so why practice?"
– Kurt Cobain –
Listen: Nirvana – Verse Chorus Verse
(from the No Alternative Compilation, 1991)
Photos of Frances Bean Cobain: Rocky Schenck


text:
Busy-Busy Days!
AS THE Title of this post states, I've been more than a little busy of late. Part of that busy has been cranking out some new designs for t-shirts, iPad covers and believe it or not some Angel of Death throw pillows!
HOW CAN Your home be complete without an Angel of Death - Know No Fear throw pillow!
Artwork ©Simon Breeze 2014


text:
Mavis gallant
[gal-uh nt] /ˈgæl ənt/
Mavis, 1922–2014, Canadian short-story writer.
adjective (ˈɡælənt)
brave and high-spirited; courageous and honourable; dashing: a gallant warrior
(ɡəˈlænt; ˈɡælənt). (of a man) attentive to women; chivalrous
imposing; dignified; stately: a gallant ship
(archaic) showy in dress
noun (archaic) (ˈɡælənt; ɡəˈlænt)
a woman's lover or suitor
a dashing or fashionable young man, esp one who pursues women
a brave, high-spirited, or adventurous man
verb (rare) (ɡəˈlænt; ˈɡælənt)
when intr, usually foll by with. to court or flirt (with)
(transitive) to attend or escort (a woman)
mid-15c., "showy, finely dressed; gay, merry," from Old French galant "courteous," earlier "amusing, entertaining; lively, bold" (14c.), present participle of galer "rejoice, make merry," generally held to be from Latinized verb form of Frankish *wala- "good, well," from Proto-Germanic *wal- (cf. Old High German wallon "to wander, go on a pilgrimage"), from PIE *wel- "to wish, will" (see will (v.)), "but the transition of sense offers difficulties that are not fully cleared up" [OED]. Sense of "politely attentive to women" was adopted 17c. from French.
"man of fashion and pleasure," mid-15c., earlier "dissolute man, rake" (early 15c.); from gallant (adj.).
Tagged: m
Read Also:
- Mavors
[mey-vawrs] /ˈmeɪ vɔrs/ noun, Roman Religion. 1. .
- Mavourneen
[muh-voo r-neen, -vawr-, -vohr-] /məˈvʊər nin, -ˈvɔr-, -ˈvoʊr-/ noun, Irish English. 1. darling; dear. /məˈvʊəniːn/ noun 1. (Irish) my darling
- Maw
[maw] /mɔ/ noun 1. the mouth, throat, or gullet of an animal, especially a carnivorous mammal. 2. the crop or craw of a fowl. 3. the stomach, especially that of an animal. 4. a cavernous opening that resembles the open jaws of an animal: the gaping maw of hell. 5. the symbolic or theoretical center […]
- Mawashi
noun a sumo wrestling loincloth Examples It is disturbing to see the wrestlers in their mawashi. Word Origin 1940 Usage Note sing and pl form


text:
Eastport Shell
ReScore Reviews™ (5)
97% Would Recommend
Latest Review about 16 hours ago
Review for Eastport Shell
Toni D. on 07/01/2016
"Bud is On the Ball"
Bud was very helpful with a review of our car's fitness for sale, despite knowing we were unlikely to enlist his help to make all the repairs needed for the car to pass inspection. He provided us with a solid list and an estimate for repairs needed to bring it up to inspection conditions. On earlier work with the same car, he debunked the likelihood that the car's head gasket was "about to go" (about 75K miles prior to this latest appointment.) That was just another auto place trying to drum up an expensive work order or sell me a new car. You can rely on Eastport Shell.
Vehicle: Subaru Forester
Service Date: 06/28/2016
Review Created: 07/01/2016 08:32 AM
bud e. at Eastport Shell responded on 07/23/2016
thank you for taking the time to response to our service survey, we truly do value our Customer's input so that we can continue to improve. Your comments are very kind, and thank you for choosing our service.


text:
My essay on David Cronenberg's adaptation of Naked Lunch is now up at Edward Copeland on Film. I'll post it here in a few days.
Cronenberg's Naked Lunch
27 Dec 2011
Permanent link: http://www.culturesnob.net/2011/12/cronenbergs-naked-lunch/
Posted by Culture Snob on Tuesday, December 27, 2011.
Filed in Movies and tagged David Cronenberg (9), Naked Lunch (1).
Possibly related entries: The Art of Being Humbled. Five Favorite Filmmakers, 2000-2009. Beyond Repulsion. Short-Film Week: The Addict. Fear Is Not Enough.
Previous entry: Gross Error.
Next entry: Needed Scars for a Better Dark Knight.
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text:
Your shopping cart is empty. Return to the catalog and add an item to your shopping cart before continuing.
Please wait for your browser to forward you to the next page or click here.
Please Note Prices are subject to change without noticeSiteMap Westbourne Model.co.uk Is owned and run by Westbourne Model Centre No 6 The Coach Houses Westbourne Dorset + 44 (0)1202 763480 email@example.com


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Copyright © Elmhurst Dental | 333 West First St. Elmhurst, IL 60126 Phone: 630-833-5110 | Fax : 630-833-0458
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333 W. First St.
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Phone: 630-833-5110
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Please click the patient forms button to complete your documents online.
We appreciate your confidence in allowing us to care for your dental care needs. We are genuinely proud of our highly dedicated and experienced team of doctors, hygienists, assistants, and support staff. Our goal is to provide you with the highest quality oral health care in a relaxed, safe, and comfortable environment. We are devoted to providing you with excellent patient care, and making you and your family's visits both rewarding and educational.
Your first visit will consist of the following:
You will be introduced to your Treatment Counselor who will assist you with your next appointment, and review your insurance benefits and payment options.
If any questions or concerns should arise after your appointment, our Treatment Counselors are available to meet with you to answer your questions and help you select the treatment option that best suits your needs.
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text:
How to connect headphones to your computer ?
Now many headphones are connected to the computer and listen to music without disturbing those around them.It is very convenient, and not expensive.Yes, and besides, to connect headphones to your computer, it is quite a simple procedure that does not require special knowledge.
Connecting headphones to the computer
- to the computer, which has a sound card that can be connected in addition to the speakers, headphones and more.If they have a 3.5 mm plug them directly connected, and if 6.3 mm, it need an adapter which can be made from a 6.3-millimeter slot (required stereo) and a 3.5 mm stereo plug.cut off from the unfit.Both parts of the connector only need to connect with each other, and the adapter is ready for use.
- Before you connect headphones to your computer, you need to disconnect the speakers from the mains and unplug them from the green socket sound card.After that, instead, connect the headphones.If your PC has built-in speakers on the monitor, they are switched off automatically when headphones.
- By jack, placed on the back of the CPU, connect the plugs it is not very convenient.But there is a solution.Look, if the housing is equipped with front pockets?It is necessary to open it, find it green and red plugs, threaded through a slot in the rear of the cords with them, and then connect them to the jacks on the sound card, according to the colors.After that, you can connect headphones to the front of the green will jack.
- Some try to connect headphones and speakers, the sound is there and there.This can be done by purchasing a splitter in the slot that you want to plug the plug on the headphones and speakers.However, it gives a double burden on the sound card, and it can quickly become unusable.
Adjustable volume
After connecting the headphones should be set up on the computer.This can be done using a mixer, which is located in the lower right corner, and has a speaker icon.Nor should the headphones make the music too loud, otherwise it may affect your hearing.Ideally, when you are sitting in the headphones, and clearly hear the music, not only in them, but also the surrounding noise.
Connect the headset with microphone
- Headphones with Microphone for PC can be connected to a computer using a cable or Bluetooth.In a second embodiment no wires and they are more convenient to use.But in this case, users often have to change the battery.
- If you have a headset with a microphone before it working via Bluetooth, you complete them you will find a Bluetooth USB-sensor with a disc with data transfer support drivers.In the first place you need to install on the PC software from the disk, and then, insert the transmitter into a USB port and perform activation of the work of headphones and microphone
- Some users are lost and do not know where to connect headphones to your computer, and the trick is to color connectors.Pink connector refer to the microphone jack, and the green to the headphone jack connection.Since the computer inputs made in different colors, you can easily understand what the plug must be connected to a specific terminal.Once you plug one connector on the monitor screen will be displayed automatically, which will need to select the type of connected device.If you have a microphone is connected, it should be defined as a microphone input, and press OK, if the headphones, then set the value to "headphones" and confirm the changes.After setting the first connector, connect the second.
- Now check the sound with headphones, if it is not, and the microphone does not work, it is necessary to adjust the volume to put all options at the highest level.
Well, here you are, and you know how good you can connect headphones to your computer, and enjoy your favorite music.


text:
Darts Target a Glamor Image
Governing Bodies Put a Fine Point on Changing Sport's Image; Attending an Academy
Think of a darts player and the image that comes to mind is of a beer-swilling, middle-age man in a loud polyester shirt, flinging 20-gram pieces of tungsten at a tiny target in a tavern full of cigarette smoke and dry ice.
Although the lurid attire and bawdy supporters may still be in evidence, the stereotype could soon need updating.
The sport, which defied the downturn to post record revenue last year, is aiming to ditch its reputation for booze and tattoos in favor of a sophisticated new image. Darts is going glamorous.
Upward Trajectory
"There has been a change of culture in darts," says Patrick Chaplin, an author and darts historian. "Historically, the game has always been related to the pub, now it's going down a more professional route."
In 2005, Sport England ended an age-old debate by declaring darts was officially a sport rather than a game. It has since acquired drug-testing and codes of conduct, and officials are dreaming of a spot at the Olympics.
But first, the sport is determined to remodel its top stars.
The first professional-darts academy was launched in the U.K. two months ago. The school, part of the well-respected sports academy at at Stockport College in Greater Manchester, aims to develop a new generation of clean-living, media-savvy players to help darts on its upward trajectory.
"We are helping darts to change its image, and people are starting to think about it in a different way," says Steve Mort, the college's manager. "Our players are learning about sports psychology, nutrition and fitness and applying those to the game of darts."
About 20 students already have signed up to combine darts training with their formal studies at the college, which also offers coaching in football, swimming and a dozen other activities. These aspiring stars of the oche (the standard term for the line behind which players stand) practice for up to four hours, three times a week under the supervision of Paul McDonagh, the country's first professional-darts instructor.
Coaching sessions focus not only on improving technical skills, such as stance and throw, but also on mental strength, media training… and moderation.
"Tournaments now lasts for 10 hours a day and if you're overweight or unfit, you're going to be tired and not able to concentrate and get to the finals," Mr. McDonagh says.
The course is supported by the Professional Darts Corp., one of the sport's two governing bodies in the U.K., which has overseen an amazing rise in the popularity the sport during the past decade.
The PDC offered £5 million in prize money for the first time in 2009, with the organization's world championship at London's Alexandra Palace last month, with more than £200,000 to the winner.
Prize money is generated in large part from the sale of television rights. In December 2008, the PDC signed a four-year extension to its exclusive-TV rights deal for the World Championship with U.K. pay-TV channel Sky Sports, a partnership that will mark 20 years when the contract ends in 2012. (Sky Sports is part-owned by News Corp., which owns The Wall Street Journal.) Prize money also comes from sellout crowds of up to 5,000 in arenas for the PDC Tour, and U.K. betting firm Ladbrokes is title sponsor of the World Championships.
With live audiences growing, more televised tournaments and new events being established world-wide, a growing number of players are making a good living.
But Rod Harrington, a PDC director and former world champion, recognizes that as darts seeks to expand into new countries and gain sponsors beyond the usual bookmakers and alcohol firms, the players must learn to embrace a new era of professionalism.
"We're going to see a major turnaround in the attitudes of players—the way they conduct themselves, look after themselves, their diet and fitness," he says. "It's about thinking of yourself as a professional athlete, which maybe they haven't done in the past."
That means cutting out the alcohol. For professional athletes, this may sound ridiculous, but for a sport in which drinking during matches was banned only in 1991, it's anything but.
A medieval game, believed to have its origins in archery training, darts developed in the late 19th century as a boozy, working-class pastime, and many top players still regard a stiff drink as part of their pre-match preparation.
Mr. Harrington says that if the pub sport is to flourish as a global game, it must implement a bar on the bar. "Some sponsors won't touch darts at the moment because of our image," Mr. Harrington says. "If we want to go to another level, we have to bring in blue-chip companies and to do that we need to start looking a bit better."
Perhaps the most persuasive argument for the onset of professionalism has been made by one man: Phil Taylor.
Widely regarded as the greatest darts player in history, Mr. Taylor has won a record 15 world championships and more than 130 titles thanks to a level of dedication to the sport that is unmatched.
The 49-year-old, who started his working life making ceramic toilet roll handles, practices more than five hours a day and has employed sports psychologists, nutritionists and fitness trainers to help maintain his 20-year reign at the top of the game. Mr. Taylor wasn't available for comment.
"There's no one like him in any sport," Mr. Harrington says. "He's above even Roger Federer and Tiger Woods in terms of his dedication. If he wins the world championship, he's back the next day on the practice board, because he knows he needs to carry on. You don't see Phil Taylor drunk."
His commitment has brought him unparalleled riches. Mr. Taylor, who earned just £24,000 for winning his first world title in 1990, banked £200,000 for winning his 15th championship in January. He is expected to earn £2 million in prize money and endorsements in the next 12 months.
His success is also an inspiration to the new breed of players aiming to continue the crusade for cachet. James Gallagher, a 19-year-old aspiring pro at Stockport College, practices for up to five hours a day, Monday through Friday. He says the only doubles he hopes to pick up are the ones on the dartboard.
"I don't drink and that makes me a better player mentally and it also helps me to keep fitter," he says. "I want to get better, get my own sponsor and hopefully win some tournaments."
Write to Jonathan Clegg at email@example.com


text:
GraphicRiver Science Ereas Beaker 9259538
Stock Vector \ Miscellaneous
Beaker \ Education \ TubeScience \ Symbol \ Theory \ Illustration \ Editable
Stock Vector - Science Ereas Beaker 9259538 by macrovector @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Miscellaneous
Science and education areas colored icons set in lab beaker shape vector illustration. Editable EPS and Render in JPG format
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: JPG Image, Vector EPS; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Vietnam Icons Set; Hands Payment Flat Icons Set; Casino Icons Set; Warehouse Icons Flat; Location Flat Icon Set ; Spa Icons Flat; Data Security Line Icons Set.
Keywords: area, beaker, collection, concept, cosmology, decorative, design, ecology, elements, emblem, eye, geography, globe, icons, lab, laboratory, logo, molecular, object, physics, puzzle, quantum, science, scrapbook, set, shape, space, symbol, theory, tube.


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Department of Cultural Affairs
Profile  |  Exhibitions  |  Network  |  Comments
Hello Dear The Moroccan Golden Triangle Association of fine Arts will Organize the First international Art fair will be held in Taza - Morocco - June 27 to 30 - 2010 . I invit you ( Artist or Curator ) to participate in this great event. for ( FREE participation and FREE space gallery) Opportunity to meet artists ,collectors and Gallerists from the world. To partcipate , please send us 3 pictures of your artworks , Biography , personnal picture and past exhibitions , for Catalog and for web site page. to send to : ( email@example.com ) Artists and Curators, will cover only their travel , meals ( betwen 2 an 7 euros ), and room hotel ( 15 euros by neight ),and will rceive a certificate of partcipation in the FIACT-2010. Artsts will be attend personnaly a day before the fair inauguration with theirs artworks. (3 Artworks for each artist ) - ( 3 to 6 Artworks for each gallery ) For more information , please visit our web site : http://www.FIACT.c.la http://fiact.jimdo.com/ Best regards and Happy new year 2010 Elmadani Belmadani http://www.elmadani.sup.fr
Comment by: Elmadani Belmadani on Monday 01/11/10 at 4:28 AM
Hey there :-) Just visited your profile, and I really like your works - very powerful and expressive! I am competing for the May showcase event, so I would be happy if you could take a look at my profile. If you like what you see, please cast your vote for me! Voting is public, so feel free to show my artwork to your friends - they can vote too if they like my works! Best, Marcus
Comment by: keupp on Sunday 04/12/09 at 4:17 PM
Invitation to my gallery
Please take a moment today and check out my art and Cast your vote for me if you like what you see. Thanks, Ilana
Comment by: Ilana Aviv on Wednesday 02/18/09 at 6:18 AM
Is this your profile?
Claim it!
Claim it!