text:
|Numķro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numķro de demande
|Date de publication
|7 dķc. 1982
|Date de dķp¶t
|11 sept. 1980
|Date de prioritķ
|11 sept. 1980
|Numķro de publication
|Michael J. Little, Shi-Yin Wong
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (5), Citations hors brevets (2), Rķfķrencķ par (98), Classifications (10), ╔vķnements juridiques (2)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to an apparatus and a method of application of the apparatus for detecting heart activity in which provision is made for sensing both the electrical energy and the sound energy of the heart.
In a more particular aspect, this invention relates to a small pick-up device that may be hand held and its method of application to a body in the region of the heart, for detecting electrical and mechanical activity of the heart and simultaneously generating signals useful in producing displays, such as electrocardiograms depicting the elemental P, QRS, T and U characteristic of electrical heart activity, and also displays, such as phonocardiograms of the heart sound energy.
2. Description of the Prior Art Stethoscope
The stethoscope is an instrument used for the detection and pneumatic amplification of sound within the body or chest, particularly heart sounds, that are coupled to the ears of the user through air columns defined within flexible tubes coupled to a pick-up bell or diaphram. The stethoscope is an instrument which is easy and convenient to use, but it has low diagnostic value because it requires the ear to do sub-second interpretation of complex sounds. Additionally, the frequency of response of the ear is not well suited to detecting the sounds of the body.
The generation of electrocardiograms involves the use of multiple electrodes selectively disposed in different position groupings on the body for detecting electrical signals generated by heart motion. The display can be either a recording on graph paper or a cathode ray tube or both or other display device such as a liquid crystal matrix. The information obtained is a measurement of the electro conduction system of the heart. When properly used, the electrocardiogram will indicate a heart attack in progress or any destruction of heart tissue resulting from a heart attack. Evaluation of an electrocardiogram frequently requires comparison with prior electrocardiograms of the same patient to indicate changes in the heart function. In general, equipment for producing electrocardiograms is cumbersome and time consuming. The predictive value of the electrocardiogram is low. The use of such equipment is limited primarily to specialists such as cardiologists.
Equipment for producing phonocardiograms utilizes a pick-up responsive to heart sound energy for producing electrical signals which are amplified and utilized to produce a display on graph paper or on a cathode ray tube, or both, or other display device of the heart sound energy. The response of the system including the transducer and the reproduction equipment for producing the display is extremely important so that none of the sound characteristics are lost in acquiring the signal. Existing phonocardiogram equipment is cumbersome and time consuming to use. It is relatively expensive and is not widely used except by cardiologists because of the difficulty of interpreting the complex signal displayed.
Equipment for producing echocardiograms differs from equipment discussed hereinabove in the sense that ultra sonic wave energy which is broadcast is reflected by organs of the body. These reflections are displayed and when the equipment is properly used and the displays properly interpreted, it is possible to evaluate the condition of the tissue and its motion if any. Here again, the equipment is cumbersome and the process of producing the echocardiogram is time consuming. Use of the equipment is limited almost exclusively to cardiologists.
Special Devices
Efforts to improve and miniaturize heart electrical energy and heart sound energy transducers are reflected in the following patents:
U.S. Pat. No. 3,858,005
Stethoscope With Display; inventor Robert A. Marshall; patented 31 Dec. 1974.
The patentee Marshall has modified the chestpiece of a conventional stethoscope to include a small cathode ray tube. The amplified outputs of crystal pick-ups disposed on the diaphram of the stethoscope chestpiece are displayed on the cathode ray tube, which is said to be a display of the heart sounds as in a phonocardiogaph.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,182,129
Electronic Stethoscope; inventor W. B. M. Clark et al; patented 4 May 1965.
The patentee Clark et al, commenting on the shortcomings of prior art devices with respect to limitations in their range of frequency response, their ineffective amplification of the lower frequency sounds as well as the higher frequency sounds, and their cumbersome physical characteristics, describes a stethoscope in which the transistor amplified output of a diaphram stressed crystal element is coupled to a speaker element such as an earpiece of a conventional hearing aid. Charts and graphs are provided to depict the improvement provided by this arrangement over that of the conventional acoustic stethoscope.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,960,141
Electro Surgical and ECG Monitoring System; inventor Lee R. Bolduc; patented 1 June 1976.
The patentee Bolduc simultaneously monitors a patient's beat-by-beat heart signal during an electro surgical procedure using an electrode structure in which the ground and pick-up electrode are combined in a single electrode structure. The pick-up electrodes are arranged on the ground electrode in a manner to minimize interference from the use of the electro surgical unit on the patient. Using suitable displays, the surgeon is provided with a display of the patient's heart action.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,455,293
Stethoscope Device; inventor R. W. M. Bethune; patented 15 July 1969.
The patentee Bethune utilizes the metal chestpiece rim of a conventional stethoscope as one electrode element of an electrocardiogram display device. In accomplishing this, one of the ECG leads is connected to a metal face of the stethoscope chestpiece. The heart sounds are conventionally acoustically coupled from the chestpiece to the earpiece of the stethoscope through flexible tubing.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,682,161
Heart Beat Transducer for a Monitoring Device; inventor Vernon F. Alibert; patented 8 Aug. 1972.
Using a principle similar to the patentee Clark et al above, the patentee Alibert mounts a plurality of piezoelectric crystal elements on a flexible element which is flexed by a diaphram element mounted in the transducer head and adapted to contact the body of a patient. The electrical output of the piezoelectric crystal elements is coupled to a suitable utilization device.
The prior art discussed hereinabove includes arrangements for sensing either electrical or sound energy of the heart using separate transducers. Only the patent to Bethune of the items cited, attempts to combine electrical and sound energy sensing of the heart, however, the chestpiece of Bethune is not a self-contained unit capable of producing respective electrical signals in response to electrical and sound energy activity of the heart and the sound energy is coupled only to the earpiece.
Recognizing a need for improvement in arrangements for displaying heart activity and particularly for providing a small portable stethoscope equipment including displays which are an aid in "on the spot" diagnostic efforts, this invention provides an improved stethoscope chestpiece, usable with a small portable display, that is approximately the same size as the conventional stethoscope chestpiece but which is a self-contained transducer of electrical and sound energy activity of the heart, producing separate electrical signals of such activities. One signal being applicable in producing a display corresponding to an electrocardiogram (ECG) and the other signal being applicable in producing a display corresponding to a phonocardiogram (PCG) and annotated by the R wave of the electrocardiogram. The improved chestpiece also conventionally transmits heart sound energy via the air columns in the flexible tubes coupled to the earpieces.
The production of the separate but interrelated electrical signals is accomplished in the disposition of a plurality of electrodes in spaced positions insulated from one another on an end face of the chestpiece bell for picking up a signal pattern representing the conventional three-lead ECG when the electrodes are in contact with the skin of a patient, and, in the disposition of a sound energy transducer, such as a microphone, in the air column of the chestpiece to respond to air pressure variations characteristic of heart sound energy, for producing an electrical signal pattern representing a PCG.
The electrodes are spaced to permit application of the chestpiece, for sensing heart acitivity, on the patient's chest in the region of the heart. Movement over the chest when the chestpiece is connected to the display equipment, may be made to a position in which adequate signal strength is detected and in which the signal pattern resembles the conventional three-lead electrocardiogram signal depicting the P-wave, the QRS-wave, the T-wave and the U-wave. This ECG signal is useful both as a diagnostic aid and the QRS-wave, also called the R-wave, is useful in annotating the sound energy signal, that is, the phonocardiogram signal, for display purposes.
Unlike the electrodes of prior art electrocardiogram equipment, the electrodes of this improved chestpiece are directly appicable to the skin of the patient to pick up electrical energy. The conductive jel ordinarily used in achieving electrical contact and providing a stable electrical conductive path between the skin of the patient and the electrode, is not needed, eliminating delays in the use of the chestpiece. This is accomplished in the use of an electrode metal such as silver, including a redox couple of the metal and a skin surface chemical, such as the chlorine in sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride, to produce silver chloride which is insoluble in fluids commonly present on the body, to provide a conductive path between the skin of the patient and the electrode. With such an arrangement, small current flows will not significantly change the concentration of chloride ions in the current path, maintaining a relatively stable potential between the electrode and the body.
The low current is assured in this improved chestpiece in the provision of an electrode circuit having a high input impedance. Whereas prior art electrode circuits may have input impedances of the order of 106 ohms. The input impedance of the electrode circuit of this improved chestpiece is about 1013 ohms.
The objects and advantages of this invention will be better understood from a study of the following specification when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 plots the signal domain of heart sounds and the threshold of audibility of the human ear, depicting the approximate region of speech sounds for comparison.
FIG. 2a is a curve or a trace resembling a conventional three-lead electrocardiogram for a normal heart.
FIG. 2b is a phonocardiogram tracing for a normal heart positioned in timed relationship with respect to the electrocardiogram of FIG. 2a.
FIGS. 3a and 3b are textbook type illustrations of phonocardiograms depicting systolic and diastolic murmurs respectively.
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a chestpiece embodying the principles of this invention together with a diagrammatic illustration of a type of display system to which the chestpiece may be coupled for displaying the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram signals.
FIG. 5 illustrates the chestpiece positioned over the heart.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are respectively plan, elevational, and end views of the improved chestpiece.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line IX--IX of FIG. 7.
FIG. 10 diagrammatically depicts the electrical circuits of the improved chestpiece.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a modified chestpiece bell, and
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view useful in understanding the electro chemical coupling between a chestpiece electrode and the skin of the body.
In the analysis of heart activity and in the diagnosis of abnormalities in heart function, it is important that the initial examination produce as much information as possible in enabling the examining physician to correctly diagnose a specific malfunction. Frequently, preliminary or initial examinations are made in circumstances in which access to elaborate diagnostic equipment is not possible and of necessity the conventional physicians' stethoscope is utilized in attempting to detect body sounds particularly those of the heart for diagnostic purposes. In the conventional physicians' stethoscope, heart sound energy is coupled from the chestpiece to the earpieces via the air columns in the flexible tubes. It will be seen by reference to FIG. 1 that the overlap between the curve depicting the lower threshold of audibility of a normal human ear and the curve defining the signal domain of heart sounds and murmurs covers only a very small part of the heart sound energy spectrum useful in diagnosing problems associated with the heart. For instance, compare this with the depicted signal domain of normal speech which lies entirely within the curve of the lower normal threshold of audibility of the human ear.
Attempts to improve heart sound detection are represented in some of the patents discussed hereinabove particularly those in which electronic amplification of the heart sound is employed to increase the heart sound energy level for detection by the human ear. But such approaches, if productive of improvement in the detection of heart sound, are inadequate in that the detected heart sound activity is unrelated to the electrical activity of the heart which information is important in relating the sound which is heard to the specific phase of heart activity and hence the source of the sound which is heard. FIG. 2a and 2b graphically depict the relationship of an electrocardiogram trace and a phonocardiogram trace for a normal heart. Now the heart sounds SI-SIV are depicted in proper relationship with the waveforms of the electrocardiogram and can be interpreted in that respect so that the sound which is heard (or which is displayed) is clearly related to the functional cycle of the heart as depicted by the electrocardiogram. Thus, in the use of heart sound energy or in the use of a phonocardiogram trace or both in diagnosing an abnormality of the heart function, it is important that the detected heart sound energy, however it may be presented for evaluation, is related to the electrocardiogram. Usually the QRS-wave, sometimes called the R-wave, is employed to annotate the signal of heart sound energy. In general, the heart sounds contain specific information with respect to the condition of the heart. If a transducer is used capable of transducing the range of heart sound frequencies, it is possible to produce a display that is a phonocardiogram which accurately characterizes otherwise undetectable malfunctions of the heart. When properly annotated by the R-wave of the electrocardiogram, a properly displayed phonocardiogram is useful in identifying the source and the character of the malfunction of the heart.
Textbook characterizations of phonocardiograms depicting certain malfunctions of the heart are illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b. FIG. 3a depicts a systolic murmur and FIG. 3b depicts a diastolic murmur. Such idealized versions of heart malfunction are difficult to produce in practice and importantly require a transducer responsive to the essential range of heart sound frequency for producing a signal pattern faithfully representing the heart sound energy coupled into the transducer. Still further inovative display techniques are required such as described in a co-pending application entitled "Method and Improved Phonocardiograph Apparatus for Analyzing Heart Activity"; inventors Shi-Yin Wong et al and filed on the same date as this application.
Displays approaching the idealized textbook versions are achieved in symmetrical displays of the full wave rectified phonocardiogram signal annotated by the R-wave of the electrocardiogram signal.
A better understanding of this invention may be had be reference to said co-pending application, the subject matter of which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference thereto. For present purposes, however, reference may be had to FIG. 4 herein for a brief description of a chestpiece for transducing both electrical and heart sound energy and a block diagram of a display system associated therewith for displaying both the electrical and the heart sound energy signals. Here the chestpiece 10 comprises a body portion 11. Respective bells 12 and 13 are mounted on opposite sides of the body portion 11. In use, the open ends of the these bells are selectively positioned on the body of a patient. Passages 14, the open end of one of which is shown substantially centrally of the bell 13 within the body portion 11, communicate with flexible tubes 15 which connect with the earpieces (not shown) of the stethoscope. The structure thus far described characterizes the conventional stethoscope. This improved stethoscope is provided with a plurality of electrodes mounted upon one of the bells, here indicated as the larger of the two bells 13. The electrodes are identified A, B and G disposed in circumferencially spaced positions on the end face of the bell 13. The bell 13 is formed from an insulating material, of a type to be described, to provide electrical isolation of the electrodes one from the other.
As will be described at a later point, the electrodes are of a metal which will permit direct application of the electrodes to the skin of a patient without the need for a conductive gel. A microphone M is located within the body portion 11 of the stethoscope in a position to be subject to air pressure variations in the passage 14. Electrical signals detected by the electrodes are coupled to a high input impedance amplifier (not shown) within the body portion 11 of the stethoscope. These amplified electrical signals together with signals from the microphone are coupled out of the stethoscope by means of a connector element 18 in separate circuits, one of which is identified as ECG input, and the other identified as PCG input denoting the electrocardiogram and the phonocardiogram inputs respectively.
The display system illustrated in elementary block diagram form in FIG. 4 embodies the principles of that in the referenced co-pending application. The phonocardiogram input is amplified and filtered in circuits which may also include automatic gain control. The phonocardiogram signal is then coupled inputwise to a signal processing circuit in which the signal is full-wave rectified. A trigger generator circuit responsive to the R-wave of the electrocardiogram signal has an output coupled to the signal processing circuit for the purpose of annotating the full-wave rectified phonocardiogram signal. The annotated rectified phonocardiogram signal is coupled to an analog-to-digital converter. The output of which is coupled input wise to a central processing unit providing display mode control, that is, either "freeze" or "run" modes of display and wherein the phonocardiogram signal, after conversion to analog form, is "symmetrized" in oscillator controlled display circuits by alternately switching the inverted and normal annotated full-wave rectified phonocardiogram signal into the input circuits of the display device for simultaneous symmetrical display. By this expedient, displays characterizing the envelope displays of FIGS. 3a and 3b, for example, are achieved to provide readily recognizable displays of particular coronary conditions. Circuit details for achieving such a display may be had by reference to said co-pending application.
FIG. 5 illustrates the three electrode electrical signal pick-up bell 13 disposed over the heart. The position of the electrical pick-up over the heart is not to be regarded as a preferred position but merely as an illustration of one application of the stethoscope to the body. With reference to FIG. 4 it will be seen that the electrocardiogram signal is coupled through the analog-to-digital converter to the central processing unit from which it is coupled to the display. With such an arrangement the stethoscope may be moved over the heart to produce a display which best characterizes the conventional three-lead electrocardiogram. Three-lead electrocardiogram as here used is intended to mean that display normally achieved with conventional ECG equipment with leads coupled to the left and right arms respectively and the ground lead coupled to the left leg. Thus, in FIG. 5 the electrode A corresponds to the electrode connected to the patient's right arm and the electrode B corresponds to the electrode connected to the patient's left arm, while the ground electrode corresponds to that electrode connected to the patient's left leg. The display which is achievable resembles the conventional trace depicted in FIG. 2 a herein and is useable in conjunction with the phonocardiogram for diagnostic purposes. As described in the referenced co-pending application, the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram displays may be selectively switched to the display device, or, in the alternative may be simultaneously displayed depending in part upon the size of the display area and in part upon the size of the display required for specific diagnostic purposes.
As discussed herein above, the stethoscope is applied directly to the skin of the patient. That is, there is no preliminary preparation of the skin of the patient as by means of the conductive gel using conventional electrocardiogram electrode structures. The utility of the equipment is significantly improved in the elimination of the conductive gel requirement in that the equipment is usable in almost any circumstances for examining a patient. In this respect, also note is made of the fact that the stethoscope chestpiece does not need to be enlarged in any way to accomodate the additions which have been made. It is usable in a manner to which the physicians are accustomed and, as described in said co-pending application, the circuits and displays are sufficiently small to be carried upon the person of the physician for "on the spot" use and diagnosis of a patient's heart condition. Significantly improving the amount and quality of information available to the physician aiding him in making an accurate diagnosis.
FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 illustrate details of the stethoscope chestpiece. The body portion 11 of the stethoscope chestpiece 10 is provided with a cylindrical cavity for receiving a cylindrical rotor 20 which is rotatable between two detent positions which are 180░ apart. The rotor 20 is provided with the internal passages 14 referred to in the description of FIG. 4. One part of which extends axially through the rotor in communication with a radial passage 14a extending therefrom, on one side only, of the central passage. The passage 14 divides into two passages 14c, 14d in an external fitting 21 which is connected to or forms part of the rotor 20. The passages 14c, 14d terminate in respective hose fittings extending from the fitting 21 for receiving the flexible tubes normally coupled to the earpieces (not shown). With the construction thus far described, it will be seen that by rotating the cylindrical rotor 20 between its two detent positions, the radial passage 14a may be connected either with the corresponding passage in the chestbell 12 or in the chestbell 13 which latter position is the position illustrated. Thus, heart sound energy is communicated through the central opening in either of the chestbells into the passage 14a and thence through the passage 14 and via the passages 14c, 14d to the air columns in the flexible hoses coupled to the earpieces, thus conventional audio stethoscope operation is provided.
While the electrodes may be disposed on either of the chest bells, they are here illustrated as disposed upon the larger of the two chest bells. These electrodes are circumferentially dimensioned to occupy roughly one quadrant of the circumferential dimension of the chest bell in diametrically opposite positions. The ground electrode is disposed in the rim of the chest bell between the corresponding ends of the electrodes A and B. It is here shown as a smaller electrode than either of the electrodes A and B since it is not an electrical energy pick-up electrode. Its size may be varied depending upon requirements and the space between the ends of the ground electrode and the two pick-up electrodes A and B is such as to minimize short circuiting between the ends of the adjacent electrodes that may result from the accumulation of body fluids in the electrode end gaps when the chestpiece is in use.
The body portion of the chest bell 13 is of an insulating material which is preferably a non-wettable material providing a hydrophobic surface so that moisture will not adhere and wet the surface to short the electrodes in a conductor bridge. The electrodes are relatively thin and may be recessed into the rim of the chest bell 13. The thickness of the electrode and its mode of attachment is preferably such as to minimize the possibility of peeling of the electrode in ordinary usage. There are a number of materials that may be used for the metal electrodes. These include, by way of illustration but not limitation, platinum, gold and silver. The requirement is that the metal selected for the metal electrode be capable of forming a redox couple with a chemical commonly found on the surface of the body and that such redox couple be insoluble in the presence of body fluids. Sodium chloride is such a body chemical and readily forms the redox couple of silver-silver chloride (Ag-AgCl). Electrodes of this type may be formed in a conventional electro chemical process in which a silver electrode is immersed in a sodium chloride bath and subjected to electro chemical reaction. The result is a silver-silver chloride (Ag-AgCl) electrode which contains a chloride ion concentration which will not change in body surface contact in the presence of small currents while maintaining stable potential between the electrode and the skin of the body. With reference to FIG. 12, an attempt is made to present a picture of an electrode relationship to the skin of the body of the patient. Here, the predominate chemical, sodium chloride (NaCl) is depicted in globule form in an exaggerated electro chemical contact relationship between the electrode and the skin of the patient. The assumption is made here that sodium chloride is the predominate body surface fluid and no attempt has been made to pictorially introduce the presence of other body surface chemicals. Unlike the conventional ECG electrode application to the skin of a patient, no conductive gel containing sodium chloride is contemplated in this relationship. The chloride or chlorine ions present and required in the electro chemical relationship between the electrode and the skin of the patient existing in sufficient stable concentration in the silver chloride concentration on the electrode itself, not requiring reliance upon the presence of sodium chloride in sufficient abundance in the presence of a conductive gel and/or body surface fluids. Thus, the use of a metal for the electrode having a redox couple of the metal and a predominate body chemical provides an arrangement permitting direct contact of the electrode with the skin of the body with sufficient ion concentration, such as chloride ions, to establish an electro chemical contact whereby body currents may be picked up.
Small currents will not change the concentration of chloride ions in the conductive path. Thus, a stable potential between the electrode and the body may be maintained. Small currents are assured, in this instance, in the provision of high input impedance circuits to which the electrodes are connected. As will be seen by reference to FIG. 10, the electrodes A and B are connected to the gate electrodes of respective transistors 38 and 40 which may be field effect transistors. The source electrode of each of these transistors is connected to a power supply whereas the drain electrode, together with a circuit from the ground electrode, are connected to the electrocardiogram (ECG) circuits. The field effect transistors present high input impedances as seen from the electrodes A and B and only very small currents flow in these electrode circuits. The leads coupled between the electrodes A and B and the gate electrodes of the field effect transistors 38 and 40 are kept as short as possible and are shielded to minimize stray capacitance coupling, to limit capacitance to avoid bandwidth limitations and to minimize any physical contact with the wires that might generate charge motions which could be picked up by the display.
Physically, these goals are achieved in an arrangement as seen in FIG. 9 wherein the field effect transistors 38 and 40 together with amplifiers for the signals of the microphone M are housed in an amplifier package 25 which is secured in a cavity in the body portion 11 of the stethoscope. As will be seen in FIG. 7, conductors 24 from the electrodes enter the body portion 11 through a suitable opening at the base of the chest bell 13. These leads, as seen in FIG. 9, within the body portion 11 are coupled to a multiple terminal electrical connector 18a through which connection is made to the amplifier 25 and from which connection is made to the output leads in the electrical connector housing 18. While it is evident that the use of a metal body portion 11 provides shielding for the wires, individual wire shielding is nontheless recommended to minimize stray coupling and to stiffen the cables to increase their resistance to shock in the event of rough handling of the stethoscope chestpiece.
The phonocardiogram signals are generated by the microphone M, here depicted in a cavity in the body portion 11 in a position confronting the open end of the passage 14 in the rotor element 20. In this position, the microphone is subject to air pressure variation when the rotor is coupled to either of the chest bells 12 or 13. The microphone may be any conventionally obtainable microphone. That which has been successfully used is Tibbits Industries of Camden, Maine, Model #153X/989. The microphone wires are also shielded and coupled through the amplifier package 25 to the output leads through the multiple terminal connector block 18a.
An alternative construction eliminates the need for an electrical cable such as that at the connector housing 18 for coupling the electrical signals from the electrodes and the microphone to the display circuits. A cross-section of a chest bell 13a is illustrated in FIG. 11 depicting the electrodes A, B and G in the body contacting rim of the chest bell and schematically depicting the electrical conduction connection of the electrodes to an amplifier 25a which may be moulded in the chest bell as it is formed. Similarly, connections from the microphone M to the amplifier package 25a are schematically depicted. The amplifier 25a has internal connections (not shown) with a transmitter 26 provided to broadcast the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram signals to a local display and/or recording unit.
Thus, this invention provides a stethoscope apparatus and a method of application for detecting heart activity providing for sensing both the electrical energy and sound energy of the heart in which the stethoscope chestpiece is a small hand-held device generally of the same size and configuration as that which the physician is accustomed to using, which is directly applicable to the skin of the patient without any special preparation of the patient's skin, for picking up electrical signals from the body of the patient, for example, in the region of the heart which are useful in producing electrocardiograms of the patient's electrical heart activity and at the same time, for responding to the heart sound energy for producing electrical signals useful in the production of phonocardiograms of heart sound energy. The stethoscope increases the information at the physicians' disposal increasing the potential for accuracy in "on the spot" diagnostic efforts.
Although specific presently preferred embodiments of this invention have been disclosed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many other variations involving the substitution of materials, the rearrangement of parts and the like may be had without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
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|Galen Peter M.
|Multi-parameter acquisition of ECG and related physiologic data employing multi-parameter sensor and conventional ECG lead conductors, and enabled for remote operational management communication
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|Multi-parameter acquisition of ECG and related physiologic data employing conventional ECG lead conductors
|14 mars 2003
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|Classification aux ╔tats-Unis
|600/382, 600/528, 600/393, 381/67
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopķrative
|Classification europķenne
|11 sept. 1980
Owner name: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY, CULVER CITY, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LITTLE MICHAEL J.;WONG SHI-YIN;SIGNING DATES FROM 19800905 TO 19800910;REEL/FRAME:003815/0209
|30 avr. 1998
Owner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HE HOLDINGS INC., HUGHES ELECTRONICS FORMERLY KNOWN AS HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:009350/0366
Effective date: 19971217


text:
|08 Jul 2012
Windows 7 Home Premium 64bit
Very slow startup no Internet
When starting up my pc this morning, the startup was exceptionally slow. It initially said it had to install various drivers that were missi. I kept receiving a message saying that windows could not connect to the System Event Notification Service. My McAffee antivirus software keeps turn off the firewall as well.
Please help.
|My System Specs
|08 Jul 2012
MS Windows 7 Ultimate SP1 64-bit
Welcome to SevenForums.
Please follow this procedure, and yes, I realize that you will need to perform the download and install to USB on another computer.
Windows Defender Offline
· is a free standalone, bootable malware and virus remover from Microsoft.
· performs an offline scan of an infected PC to remove viruses, rootkits and other advanced malware.
Download Windows Defender Offline (about 764 kB)
You will have the choice of downloading the 32bit version (x86) or the 64 bit version (x64).
The link will help you determine whether you are running a 32 bit version or 64 bit version of Windows
NOTE!! You can download and prepare a 32 bit version using a 64 bit version of Windows
NOTE!! You can download and prepare a 64 bit version using a 32bit version of Windows.
You run the 32 bit version on a 32 bit version of Windows.
You run the 64 bit version on a 64 bit version of Windows.
The 32 bit download file name is: mssstool32.exe
The 64 bit download file name is: mssstool64.exe
For the curious, this program was originally name Microsoft Standalone System Sweeper.
You will need an Internet Connection.
Insert 512 mB (Microsofts 256 mB is no longer accurate) or larger USB stick into a usb port.
Run the downloaded program--mssstool64.exe or mssstool32.exe
NEXT button
Choose the option On a USB flash drive that is not password protected
NEXT button
NEXT button
The install program will format the usb stick using the NTFS format.
The install program will download about 210 mB.
The install program will name the USB stick WDO_Media32 or WDO_Media64
The WDO_Media32 usb stick will have used space of 255 mB (268,140,544 bytes)
The WDO_Media64 usb stick will have used space of 282 mB (296,165,376 bytes)
You can expect the number of mB to increase as more malware appears.
UPDATE Windows Defender Offline USB stick:
· reinsert the usb stick
· run the installation program, mssstool64.exe or mssstool32.exe, again.
· the update will download about 66 mB (mssstool32.exe) and 68 mB (mssstool64.exe).
Since the malware database is sometimes updated several times in a day, always update before running.
Bootup your computer from the USB stick
Windows Defender Offline will automatically perform a quick scan.
After the quick scan finishes, Choose Full Scan
Select all of your drives
The initial, full scan can easily take several hours, but
Remember, your computer is being very thoroughly checked for all types of malware.
The results will be in 4 log files on your computer's disk in:
\Windows\Microsoft Antimalware\Support
After that, then:
I'll await that zip file.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Asriel does what he does because, with Chara's fusion, he inherited the player character's ability to save and load. This allowed them to behave in ways only possible for a "Player," such as making choices and going back on them by saving and loading. This is what they did for fun for an un-knowable amount of time.
In a neutral playthtough, likely a first-run where a player is likely to have killed a few monsters, Flowey makes some calls on what kind of "true end" you're going for and gives you pointers to achieve that end. (this is an assumption based on my own experience.) It's safe to say he's playing around with you, letting you be challenged, in turn giving him something to look forward to. He's been there for a long time, and you're the most interesting thing to happen in a long time.
In a pacifist playthrough, he doesn't want you to win, because not only will everyone else leave, but there won't be much else for you, the player to do either. You'll leave and maybe never come back. This is a very meta motivation for a villain, but anyone who's both killed and spared Toriel knows that's part of what he is.
In a no mercy play, though, he has second thoughts about assisting you, because you are ending all encounters with death. You are done with the game when everyone else is done being an obstacle. This is where Chara calls you out on the desire for GAINS *flex* like most other RPGS work to let you crush foes. In this scenario, there is little anyone, let alone Flowey/Asriel, can do to keep you invested in the game, since by the time you see him again you've already bested the "secret" boss, Sans.
tl;dr, Asriel is the manifestation of the game wanting you to keep playing the game. I would have said he's the game creator's self-insertion, but I think he's already confirmed that he's the dog that shows up randomly to fuck with you and the other characters.
welcome. everything I write here is something I felt to be important to some degree; game reviews, life updates/vents, and philosophical musings. I do my best to make my statements truthful. everyone is welcome to post comments, provided they are relevant.
I need an Oculus Rift.
It is a feeling that I have. I have plans to upgrade my computer to support it before its planned release next year. An EVGA GeForce GTX 970 installed, 1000W psu on order, and eventually a new mobo and cpu, maybe an i7-47xx or 49xx... I am super hyped. I would love to share the dream once it's been realized, and I'm wondering if I could get away with setting up a rental service. I don't know if I'd want to manage it myself, or in cooperation with some already-established business, but I want to do it. I want to see how people react to these experiences, not just in a 5-minute youtube clip, but the whole, unfiltered (virtual) reality. It's just too bad you couldn't see the look on their faces. We shall see~
so says DocTabasco at 8/05/2015 12:56:00 AM No comments:
Dream (radioactive parasite)
Had a dream where i was a low rank member of a team equipped to fight off a mysterious invasion of radioactive beings from who-knows. I somehow developed the ability to see the radiation they emitted (like a heat map) and the encounters were.like a tactical rpg (with a game over and retry). I lead the team to a fortress giving off loads of the radiation, but when we get inside, the radiation disappears from my vision. We go outside to find our exit path is in flames, and the other members of our team are irradiated and trying to stop us. The dream ends as I am trying to learn what the invaders' true motivations are by talking to the "infected."
so says DocTabasco at 4/21/2015 02:58:00 PM No comments:
the game i haven't made / musings about game design
I want to design a game that takes the player through the life of a girl with an extraordinary power that sets her apart from the people she meets...
in early life she set herself apart by not knowing she could see something others could not, but was sheltered by community leaders that understood the validity of her observations despite lack of visible evidence. Once those leaders are made unavailable, or she leaves the community, she discovers her insights are neither common nor widely appreciated and could be completely misinterpreted if not used carefully. The player must then choose how they wish to interact with numerous people using these insights to achieve her goals, one step at a time.
her journey starts in her home town, on the edges of a great forest filled with natural wonders and hazards. Scouts uncover an increase in hostile mutations, and her mother is brutally assaulted. When she finds her mother, alive but weak and delirious, her second sight is inadvertently drawn in to her mother's consciousness, affected by foreign energies, and pulls her out of her stupor. For this display of extraordinary ability, she is granted a selection of opportunities for her future outside of the town.
Each of those choices are presented to the player as offering different styles of game-play and additional playable characters. At this point in the game, there are already several different possible outcomes based on the player's choices. Have they killed anything? Did they help any of the villagers? How helpful were they? Did they stand still while talking to people, or did they pick up everything that wasn't nailed down? It should be made clear that the main character is the player's avatar in a realm of people with unique perspectives, and their choices will affect those perspectives (despite being 100% programmed.)
A truly advanced game would involve some kind of AI that could form its own opinions and reactions, but I don't foresee that as being possible (or playable) any time soon. I believe responses to player actions should be predictable to players with enough experience interpreting the reactions of other people. As such, the most important development point of this game would be the NPCs' expression of emotion to the events in the game. These things are typically developed first by writers, and then by visual artists and voice actors with the assistance of a director.
This is not to say that the game-play is any less important, but if the objective is to achieve an outcome through character interaction, the rest of the game-play should simply be a chance for the player to reflect upon the interactions they've already had. I would not force these reflections upon the player; having what is supposed to be the main character's thoughts read to me 5 minutes after I've thought of them myself is not what I call entertainment. If a player is unable to reflect on the events that have transpired and draw reasonable conclusions in advance, they should be given the opportunity to be surprised and act accordingly, without being outright punished.
But then, how will the game differentiate between a player that is surprised by an event and one that saw it a mile away? Will it even be necessary?
so says DocTabasco at 11/19/2012 05:48:00 AM No comments:
labels: game design, games
so says DocTabasco at 4/05/2012 11:41:00 PM No comments:
a poem
I do right, I do wrong
I'm weak and I'm strong
I'm writing the song
While I'm singing along
The truth is my shield
My life is a sign
I am God, and I am human
To unite is divine
I'm weak and I'm strong
I'm writing the song
While I'm singing along
The truth is my shield
My life is a sign
I am God, and I am human
To unite is divine
so says DocTabasco at 4/02/2012 07:05:00 PM No comments:
disregard fallacy
minimize resistance
minimize resistance
so says DocTabasco at 1/11/2011 11:16:00 PM No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)


text:
Ed & Ned
John and I spent three cold but productive days fishing with Ed and Ned, a father and son on their annual Klamath trip. Mornings found ice in our guides and a slow bite but warm afternoons more than made up for it. Most of our fish came on eggs but we had several on a famous green nymph as well. These guys always manage to bring the good luck of the Irish with them. A few pints of Guinness and a good meal topped our days.


text:
When it comes to shaving, we often think about using the best razor or a good trimmer. The accessories and after-shave lotions are somethings that we mostly concentrate on.
In this article, we are here to share some of the shaving mistakes that you have been doing often and not realising it.
These mistakes generally go unnoticed but can often have a negative impact on your skin.
When you actually realise that you want to shave, you end up using a soap bar or a razor that is just lying across.
These little mistakes can play a major role in harming your skin. Ingrown hair, razor burns and some missed points are some of the common issues of not shaving in a right way.
So, find out about the most common mistakes that we often do when we decide to shave. Read on and we're sure you can relate to some of these common shaving mistakes we all do.
Using Cold Water
Using cold water is not a good option when you are planning to shave. Cold water will only close your skin pores and give you an uneven shave. So, make sure you use warm water instead.
Shaving Time
Studies reveal that shaving a night before gives you a better finish than shaving after you have just gotten up. The hair starts to retreat back when you sleep, so the best time would be to shave before you sleep.
Rinse The Razor Well
After striking a movement on your skin, make sure you rinse the razor well and remove all the dirt from it before stroking another one. This helps you use less pressure on the blade and the skin remains smooth as well.
Pressing Too Hard
If you think that pressing the razor on the skin will give you a clean shave, then you are totally wrong my friend. It will only lead to more razor burns, irritation or cuts, so be gentle and don't press the razor too hard on the skin.
No Post-Shave Routine
This is the most common mistake that we often do. Once done with the shave, we storm out of the bathroom and go on with our daily chores. We actually need to apply an after-shave lotion and moisturise it to avoid burns and bumps that appear on the skin.
Not Ex-foliating
This is one of the most important steps that you have to follow before shaving. Make sure you exfoliate your hands and legs well before shaving, as this helps to remove the dead skin cells.


text:
NEW YORK — Sonya C, the operator of EthnicKink.com, is branching out into adult talk radio with "Kinky News and Views."
Her new show on NYTalkRadio.net is an hour-long weekly show where listeners can call in and chat on fetish and BDSM topics.
Sonya C is not just the operator of EthnicKink but a fetish film star, as well. Her aka is "Goddess Sonya."
Co-host Mister O, along with industry experts and lifestyle guests round out the discussions with their unique perspectives.
"There are plenty of terrific shows out there. I just felt that there was a need to speak to people that enjoy kink or kinky sex acts but don't necessarily identify as kinky or wish to be part of any particular kink community," Sonya C said. "Show topics have included spanking, squirting, golden showers and foot fetish."
On the program, Sonya C even sets up singles for a "fetish" blind date.
"What I love most is the underlying message of self-acceptance for the kinky and the kink-curious alike," she said. "I share a lot of my experiences with listeners and hope that my openness inspires them to embrace their proclivities."
"Kinky News and Views" airs Wednesdays at 7 p.m. EST live and is available as podcast to download Fridays at 2 p.m. EST on NYTalkRadio.net.
For more information, to appear on the show, or for sponsorship opportunities, visit KinkyNewsandViews.com or contact Sonya C at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Email sent. If you wish to send to another person, click here.


text:
ONESIXONE shows how comes alive the language of the artist. The creative process of each artist is the main character of each collection: the exploration that occurs beforehand, the development of the concept and the final work. This is the result that allows the artist, the leather craftsmen, the tanners and the designer to celebrate the creation of a collection. Each bag becomes a mirror of the artist's mind, his ideas, his experiences and how he understands the philosophy of the brand.
The artist chooses techniques, the materials, colors or shapes and decides whether these items are simply containers or if they contain themselves. Each collection, each bag has its own history, its own space. Exploration and inspiration, arts and crafts, wellness and individuality were the criteria and principles guiding ONESIXONE. The rigorous tradition of high quality craftsmanship and the transmission of emotions through hands.
In the collection I have created for ONESIXONE, I merge the figures of the Aurea circle and the symbol of infinity. Two geometric patterns that speak about eternity and the existentialist philosophy built upon the idea that there is no beginning and no end. They both symbolise, as well, the invisible connection amongst all things in the world.
Basing my selection on basic colours and tactile sensations, I have gone searching for the silent beauty and timeless elegance. Behind this collection, echoes from my former creations can be heard: gold craft works based on the Japanese technique "kintsugi", handmade metallic crocheting, endless pin fields which invite you to touch... in short, the recreation of a dreamlike world that speaks about life and the common mysteries to any human being existence.


text:
For those of you who haven't heard much about Wayne Brady hears a heads up. He is one of the hosts of the hugely popular 'Whose Line is it Anyway?' Wayne's USP is improvisation comedy - you give him a word unheard of, a movie name, any random scenario and he creates an act for you right there which will leave you in fits of laughter.
Me and my friend reached the venue at 7 PM. We were first treated with cocktails and juices, accompanied by an array of delectable snacks ranging from paneer tikkas to mushroom snackers and more. At around 8 PM, the Black Dog Comedy Evening started. It was hosted by the popular and beautiful Channel [V] VJ 'Lola Kutty'. Their was a cameo by relatively unknown but very talented Siddharth who entertained us with his jokes on Tiger Woods, Women & GPS, and the 'Chai'sutra (the national drink of India - Chai).
Wayne Brady started with a bang - an R&B song which he created at that moment itself from the random words that public threw at him. Wayne was joined by his buddies Jonathan Magnum and Cat Gray. Together they performed many impromptu acts - enacting a scene in different movie styles that the audience gave to them - ranging from Scarface to Shakespeare, to Jurassic Park. Another one involved volunteers enacting sound effects of Jonathon and Wayne Brady as they churned out funny acts that left the audience holding their tummies. The event ended with another impromptu song created from words that had never been used in songs so far - Delhi Belly, I need to go to the loo, etc.
The Black Dog Comedy Evening of Wayne Brady left all of us spellbound and all were asking for another act from the trio but alas the event had ended and it was time to head home.


text:
The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification, or IICRC, is among the leaders in the water restoration industry. Any business that wishes to be on the leading edge of the field would do well to consider classes through the IICRC. This agency has been around for years, and is the most highly regarded oversight organization in many carpet and textile treatment industries. It provides lots of accreditations and classes, each of which includes present strategies and technology into the coursework. The IICRC teaches this info through authorized teachers located all over the world. The organization's decentralized educational process implies that a student can easily find a teacher nearby. Each instructor is charged to maintain the IICRC's requirements, which are normally considered best practices among the majority of customers and professionals.
En Fort Lauderdale florida
A water restoration business needs to neutralize a number of risks when dealing with a task. Professionals in the field have to be able to track moisture, detect the damage it has actually caused, evaluate the integrity of any afflicted material, find and get rid of microbial problems, throw away damaged product, and dry the rest up until it is safe to make use of again. Carrying out all of these procedures in a timely way requires terrific skill, technology, and hands-on experience. House and business owners anticipate the specialists they employ to demonstrate these characteristics, so extensive training is a must before getting in the industry.
When a significant storm passes close to your home, the home might suffer water damage that is hard to fix. There are numerous things a household can do to begin repairing any destruction, however a qualified specialist will likely be required to do away with any major health or structural dangers. Polluted storm rises or floods can carry pathogens and become a breeding ground for mold. These mold spores can spread out throughout the structure and end up being even more challenging to eliminate if enabled to fester. Oftentimes, governmental companies might condemn the structure if the microbial hazard is too fantastic.
They will be able to track down any pockets of excess wetness and eliminate them when professionals show up at the building. Qualified professionals can locate these pockets of moisture making use of equipment that measures the moisture in covert pockets and behind tile and other materials that may not feel damp on the exterior. When these moisture pockets are discovered, the technicians will expose them to air by removing any drywall or other materials in the way. Once the place of the wetness has been identified, the experts will certainly begin the clean-up process that may include pressure cleaning the area with effective detergents. These technicians are likewise able to speed up the drying process to prevent the development of any molds or other damaging germs. If the professional locate mold or germs nests, they will understand how to eliminate the threat and identify making use of chemical or mechanical techniques.
Because moisture is difficult to discover when the floods decline, the main reason why a house is delicate to water damage is. Standing liquids can motivate microbial development within 24 hours and can fill all kinds of textiles and seep through drywall. Wetness may collect behind the walls, where mold and germs may multiply out of sight. If a family reacts quickly enough, clothes and furnishings may be saved. Individuals should be careful when getting in a building that has recently been flooded. Direct exposure to wildlife and polluted liquids can lead to major injury.


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|25 Dec 2009
Freeview + connected to a lcd LG monitor
Hi I have got a new free view + box and at the back of the box is a scart lead which can be connect to a TV. I have brought a scart lead to vga cable connected it all up to the monitor but I keep getting "check signal cable" message.
At the start I plugged the scart lead into VCR port at the back of the box which made this "check signal cable" appear.
I then moved the scart lead to the tv port on the back of the box and this "check signal cable" box was starting to blink. This made me think that I was almost there in getting the picture up. Some sort of signal must have been transfered.
Anyway my question is how do i get the picture to display on my monitor?
Any help would be much appriciated,
Regards Paul
Free view + box:
THOMSON 160GB TOP UP TV DIGITAL RECORDER HDD DTR BOX on eBay (end time 14-Dec-09 22:38:57 GMT)
|My System Specs
|25 Dec 2009
MS Windows 7 Professional 64-bit SP1
Your trying to connect a freeview box to a monitor via scart to vga?
What sort of monitor is it? this may not work, depends on your horizontal scan rate of the monitor?!
|My System Specs
|25 Dec 2009
This is the exact monitor
It has 1 vga port and 1 dvi port
|My System Specs
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The EF-500 is a high-value, compact floorstanding speaker that balances engineering and style. These speakers offer both good looks and sound quality that is rarely heard from speakers in this price range.
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Tuesday, October 2, 2012
Christmas At Holly Hill by Martha Rogers
It is October 1898, and Clayton Barlow has just returned home after serving time in prison for his part in a bank robbery. His family welcomes him, but the townspeople are skeptical. Bored with life in the small town but determined to make a new start, he goes to work with his father, hoping to regain the town's trust.
Clayton recognizes the schoolteacher at the Prairie Grove School as his childhood friend, Merry Lee Warner, and old feelings surface. Still, he doubts that he could ever get a woman like Merry to love him.
As the townspeople prepare for Christmas, their suspicions about Clayton lead to trouble. Will the trusting heart of an unlikely new friend be enough to restore Clayton's relationships with his neighbors and reunite him with God and Merry?
About the Author
Martha Rogers's novel Not on the Menu debuted on May 1, 2007, as a part of Sugar and Grits, a novella collection with DiAnn Mills, Janice Thompson, and Kathleen Y'Barbo. Her series Winds Across the Prairie debuted in 2010 with Becoming Lucy, Morning for Dove, Finding Becky, and Caroline's Choice. Her other credits include stories in anthologies with Wayne Holmes, Karen Holmes, and Debra White Smith; several articles in Christian magazines; devotionals in six books of devotions; and eight Bible studies. Martha served as editor of a monthly newsletter for the writer's organization Inspirational Writers Alive! for six years and is the state president. She is also the director for the annual Texas Christian Writer's Conference and is a member of American Christian Fiction Writers, for whom she writes a weekly devotional. Martha and her husband are active members of First Baptist Church.
Purchase: Amazon
Christian Books
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My Review:
This story takes place back in Prairie Grove Kansas in the year 1898. Clay Barlow has just returned home to an uncertain future, he has just been released from prison, after serving 5 years for bank robbery.
It had been his Dad who had turned him in, but he is surprised that both he parents forgive him, and welcome him with open arms. There a few in the town who are not happy to see a jail bird...they will not forget or forgive.
When he reconnects with with Merry Warner, he finds old feelings returning. He ends up having to make some really tough decisions. When the gang he hung out with returns, you will wonder if he will take up with them again. When a young girl is held captive, and beaten, will he risk prison to help rescue her.
This is a sweet holiday read, filled with God loving people. We find some who are not as fortunate as others, and then those who are willing to give the Holiday Spirit and Christs love to others all year long.
Don't miss Christmas at Holly Hill, and find a good heartwarming read.
I received this book from the Publisher Realms, and was not required to give a positive review.
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The Heid 28 March 2011Posted by Irish Street Art in Ireland.
Tags: Dublin, Edinburgh, Gibb, Heid
Bray based sculpture, Gibb, brings us 'The Heid'. The Heid simply put is the scots word for a "head" and is cast of Gibb's face in 2008. The origins of this project came when Gibb left his face cast behind him in Dublin's Stephens Green following an outdoor art exhibition.
Gibb tells us 'One month later, whilst in Dublin walking by the local Garda station, that was closest to Stephens Green, I felt I should go in and ask at least, how to describe the sculptures I had lost, my own head, a hand on a breast, bits of fingers… well I just said sculptures. A look on the officers face had me thinking, I did not realise why until he appeared with my face in his hands, the lips painted red, the eyes painted red, a chunk out of the head. I was suprised indeed and thanked him with a smile and a strange look from them… mmm, no breast cast, can't blame them as it was a very nice piece of work. That was that, I was reunited with my heid'.
This episopde inspired the Edinburgh born artist to lose his Heid's all over Dublin and so face casts began to pop up all over the city.'I always wanted to do street performing but I couldn't do it, so the first faces I put up on the walls were silver, it was a sort of a free street entertainment. It wasn't a cry for attention; I wanted to get people curious about art.'
Read more on Gibb's blog, The Art of The Heid.
More Dublin Street Art »
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- 1. Jorge - 1 April 2011
This is really cool. It reminds me A LOT of the "reliefs" of DOSJOTAS (spanish artist).Check it out:
- 2. Steve - 4 May 2011
http://www.gregosart.com/ is exactly the same.
- 3. Masoncartoon - 7 December 2011
Hey. I'm doing my BFA that has to do with graffiti/street art and processes. I love your project and see it everywhere I go. I was wondering you'd be willing to answer a few questions regarding your practice and public work.
I'd love it if I could have your help. Please let me know if you 'd be up for it. Thanks a million.


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I Wtk What Is Your Life Philosphy
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 11 People
The 6 Sacred Truths .....Here are a few words of wisdom... I try to keep in mind as I travel this yo -yo called life ! 1)Never argue with an idiot. The people watching might not know the difference. 2)If you must choose between two evils, pick the one you've never tried before. 3)On the keyboard of...
softkitti 22-25, F 14 Responses 1 Oct 29, 2010


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beach but no sunshine
Arraial do Cabo Travel Blog› entry 31 of 35 › view all entries
Arrial do Cabo was the next destination after Ilha Grande, it is locvated to the east of Rio on a peninsula just befotre the coastline turns north. We had to catch a couple of buses to get there and ended up actually going through Rio as we had to change buses at the Rio bus terminal. We decided not to stop there as we are going to return before we fly out to Europe.
We arrived in Arrial about 7pm and headed for the closest HI hostel, ehich we didn´t manage to find, so we had to walk back to the bus station and get a cab. The driver really ripped us, but what can you do? We got there so not too many problems. The hostel was actually empty when we got there and it stayed empty till we left, just sarah and i and the lady running it, very quaint indeed.
Tragically the weather wasn´t the best while we were there, however the town was a beautiful little place to walk around. I think during the summer it would be a great place filled with Brazillians, we just miss timed a little. We did a couple of walks to local beaches but ended up only staying for two nights and left early in the morning.
Only problem with heading to these little brasillian towns is you spend about half the time there trying to work how you are going to get out of there and to your next destination. This place certainly was a doozie to get further north, see Porto Seguro.


text: 24X38 original a.p. signature art print natural world landscape digital art compilation of several graphics taken mostly from the Baja area at the border between Mexico and California, also some from New Mexico and Texas, with Arizona, Nevada and some small islands off the Pacific coast and the Sea of Cortez, and even Oregon, Colorado and Washington state thrown into the mix. Wild creatures, even those from Nepal, and Angola or even Indonesia, Thailand and Tibet consider any wild natural area like this as rightfully theirs to use as they please, and don't forget the Nederlands. Dozens of graphics programs were used creating this work including but not limited to Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Photopaint,Paintshop,Corel Painter, Corel Draw, Photomatix,Poser, the old Microsoft Photo Editor, etc. Many types of cameras, lenses and apertures were used, included several types of Nikon and Canon, also Olympus, including but not limited to D90, several types of EOS and others. When something disastrous happens such as an epidemic, who do we blame? Birds, mice?! What? If we took something loaded with poisons such as Mercury, Aluminum and Cadmium among many other toxins, and believed it would protect you from any illness, because we believed the disinformation media out there, then we got only ourselves to blame. Actually the blame lies with the evil concerns that created the problem to begin with, and perpetuated by the dummy zombie media. Look, what we have now is a full blown epidemic which millions believed they would be protected from if they allowed themselves to be inoculated. But right now this epidemic is the worse in over sixty years. What's that tell you? Did those highly recommended vaccines protect us, as millions of fools believed, or did they make things much, much worse for everybody? And why should we still believe the corrupt, lying media? They will never let us know the whole picture; they are in the disinformation and misinformation business. We can better protect ourselves from illnesses when we supercharge our immune system, like eating a lot of mushrooms, all kinds, preferably organic or wild-crafted, raw or cooked (Avoiding the poison ones obviously.) And do not forget the healing properties of music. 528 Hz is a very well known Solfeggio healing frequency, it repairs the DNA. Listen to it online, there are many sources.


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Off-season is the time for changes. After enjoying a nice sunny vacation in Hawaii for two weeks, Gary Woodland flew to Vegas to train under the wing of his new swing coach Butch Harmon.
The 27-year-old golfer took this decision shortly after swapping his agent Blake Smith from Hambric Sports Management for Mark Steinberg of Excel Sports Management. At first glance, it seems that the two things are unrelated, but it turns out that Blake is the son of Randy Smith, Woodland's long-time coach. Though Woodland had hoped to continue working with Randy, Smith thought that the situation was too sensitive to keep working with the golfer who fired his son.
This is why Woodland had to look for another coach, and it helped that Butch is one of the most successful golf coaches in the world. He called Harmon and expressed his interest in working with him.
Obviously, Harmon couldn't pass up the chance to work with the 2011 Omega Mission Hills World Cup winner. But before giving a definite answer, he called his other clients including Dustin Johnson, Phil Mickelson and Nick Watney to check if they had anything against it.
The golfers had no objections, so Butch called Woodland back with the happy news. So far, it seems like a mutually beneficial union – Gary is talented, has a big swing and fits Butch's profile, while Woodland hopes that Harmon will bring him to the top.
Harmon is known for taking two world-class golfers, Tiger Woods and Greg Norman, to the No. 1 position in the world rankings. It will be interesting to see where Butch will take Woodland who finished 17th on the PGA Tour money list this season.


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My eyes twitched, waking me up. The ceiling and walls – plain and wooden – appeased my sober tastes and brought back my sense of awareness. I was still in my chamber of the train we were
on; we were heading to London. The next morning we'd fly to India from Heathrow. I ran across to the window; outside was the loveliest sight I had ever seen. We were traveling along the coast. The blue outside was a blend of aqua and turquoise, even prettier than the shade of chlorinated water in swimming pools. The sand was a shade of ivory that complemented the blue so perfectly. The sea looked quite tranquil except for soft waves that were titillating the sand teasingly. I had to get a photo of the scenery; it was a shame I hadn't clicked any through the trip. I hurried to my backpack….
My eyes opened and found me under a thick furry blanket, curled up in a small corner of the bed. I was still there, the same tasteful room, window facing a whole different world outside. I rushed to it another time cursing myself for having missed more. I found my camera lying on my bed. This time we were passing a village or a town. Green was the color of this picture. We crossed a statue, a huge one, the height of five floors of a building perhaps. It looked monolithic. It was a sculpture of a heavily ornamented woman, a goddess perhaps. I managed to click a quick picture that came out slanted, thanks to the train's sudden ascent. My eyes threatened to close, I held the lids apart with my fingers. How could I want to sleep on such a day!
I woke up as I heard people around me. The train had stopped and people were getting off to visit a temple in proximity. I followed. The temple was old but it stood majestically. Either the plan of the interior was slightly disarrayed or the place had faced an amount of destruction – paths led to closing walls and quiet corners, pillars lay on the floor. There was some kind of varnish like substance all over and shards of glass. I inadvertently placed my palm on the top of a hedge and the varnish substance that adhered to it brought with it, tiny bits of glass trapped in the sticky sludge. The shards pricked as I tried to pull them out. I cursed the goo as I pulled it all out freeing my palm off the sting. The shrine had a small idol safe inside a proportionally small chamber. I was surprised to find hindi lettering over the entrance. I wondered how ancient this was; there was no guide to clarify.
My eyes opened. The walls were a pleasant pastel shade of peach, there were red curtains. I sat upright. The window-side of the room overlooked an array of villas in a gated community. It was 10 AM in Hyderabad.


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Enjoy your visit to Cala Ratjada with a stay at Hotel Bahía Cala Ratjada. Guests indulge in massages, then grab a bite to eat at the restaurant. An outdoor pool and a poolside bar are other highlights, and rooms offer flat-screen TVs and minibars.


text: 1 assassins creed story July 25, 2013 by Sahar40021 in ac3 desmond has died in ac4 desmond will apear? if desmond will no apear who going to replace him? Read more > Retrieved from "http://assassinscreed.wikia.com/wiki/User_blog:Sahar40021" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.


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Broadway Panzi�
Select your stay dates to check availability at Broadway Panzi�
Broadway Panzi�
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Broadway Panzió in Budapest (Terezvaros), you'll be minutes from Ernst Museum and Hungarian State Opera House. This hotel is within close proximity of Robert Capa Contemporary Photography Center and Funlock.
Make yourself at home in one of the 18 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Conveniences include phones and safes.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Make use of convenient amenities, which include complimentary wireless Internet access and concierge services.
Breakfast is available for a fee.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include express check-in, express check-out, and luggage storage. Self parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Free WiFi
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Express check-out
- Designated smoking areas
- Elevator/lift
- Concierge services
- Total number of rooms - 18
- Luggage storage
- Express check-in
Room Facilities
- Private bathroom
- Phone
- Air conditioning
- Refrigerator
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer (on request)
- In-room safe
- Cable TV service
- Flat-panel TV
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- One child 3 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
- No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Breakfast fee: EUR 4 per person (approximately)
- Valet parking fee: EUR 10 per night (in/out privileges)
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 10 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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A lack of concentration in defence proved costly for Glasshoughton Welfare as they lost 2-0 at home to Worksop Parramore on Tuesday night despite matching their visitors.
Welfare opened the Toolstation NCE Premier Division game with gusto, James Beaston penetrating down the right flank, but his final low cross was scrambled away by the visitors.
In a fast opening the hosts again looked dangerous as Daz Young returned a header back which resulted in the game being held up due to a clash of heads in the goalmouth.
Both sides had an equal amount of possession and half chances on goal, but shortly before the interval the visitors went ahead, home keeper Paul Hagreen allowing a fairly innocuous free-kick by Lee Whittington to creep just inside the upright.
In a game in which little quarter was given Parramore were reduced to 10 men early in the second half as defender James Cotterill received his marching orders for a dangerous high tackle. But Welfare were unable to put the extra number to any advantage.
Indeed as is quite often the case Worksop appeared to play better and on the hour mark the usually mister reliable Hagreen, looking to palm over a lob from Danny Ingram, only succeeded in pushing the ball into his own goal.
From then on despite a lot of effort from Welfare it was the visitors who bossed proceedings.
Glasshoughton produced their worst display of the season by far on Saturday and consequently slipped off the Wembley trail with a 4-1 home defeat to Armthorpe Welfare in the second qualifying round of the FA Vase.
In an even start Houghton's Joel Freestone had an early effort blocked out before the visitors went away to force the first corner from which Stuart Preston placed wide.
After both outfits had appeared to get the metal of each other and play settled the visitors went ahead in the 16th minute, hesitancy by central defender Alex Low allowing Jay Rollins to dart in and gain possession and place past stranded keeper Hagreen.
Within minutes Glasshoughton were in further trouble, again from poor defending, Armthorpe's Rollins being allowed oceans of space from which he took advantage to drive past Hagreen.
In response Russell Headley forced visiting keeper William Biggs to turn a low shot round for a corner and Freestone looked dangerous angling in from the left until over running the ball dead and after clearing off the goal- line Glasshoughton were fortunate to go in at the interval only two goals adrift.
From the interval restart the hosts gave promise of a better performance, but when a Freestone shot was spilled by Biggs there was no-one backing up to turn the ball in and when Freestone was put clear one to one with Biggs the keeper won the battle of minds and saved at the forward's feet.
A good through ball from Liam Tuck once again found Freestone's pace taking him clear only to lift the opportunity over and when the visitors' David Buck looked to have increased the lead a fine late save from Hagreen kept Welfare in the game.
Taking advantage of this, Freestone got the goal he had been promising all afternoon, rising up to head home a well flighted Daz Young free-kick to put the home men back in contention.
Glasshoughton had a chance to further reduce the arrears when Greig McGrory laid a perfect ball for Headley, but the shot was ballooned over.
They were then made to rue the miss as Armthorpe went away to add to their tally, poor defending allowing Daniel Taylor to squeeze in a cross from the bye-line for substitute Kieren Benson to head home.
To complete Glasshoughton's afternoon of woe Rollins bustled through a number of would be challenges to net his hat-trick and put the tie firmly to bed.
Glasshoughton are back in league action this Saturday when they travel to play Heanor Town (3pm).
l Glasshoughton Welfare under 19s side of mainly 16 and 17-year-olds gave an excellent display in a 3-1 win at Goole Town in the Northern Alliance League.
They came under pressure in the first half, but fine goalkeeping from Matty Potts kept the game scoreless until the hour mark. It was Welfare who then took the lead, Danny King scoring from the spot after Matthew Ashton had been upended in the area.
Goole equalised when they were also awarded a penalty, but a swift counter attack gave Houghton the lead again with Liam Moore netting. Welfare then clinched victory as Matty Jenkins scored from close range.
The work of fitness coach Ian Nicholson was clear to see in the closing stages when Welfare were still going strong while Goole flagged. Youngest player Ashton was MOM.