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Tumor recurrence after chemotherapy is a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. Recurrences are thought to be secondary to small subsets of cancer cells that are better able to survive traditional forms of chemotherapy and thus drive tumor regrowth. The ability to isolate and better characterize these therapy-resistant cells is critical for the future development of targeted therapies aimed at achieving more robust and long-lasting responses. Using a novel application for the proliferation marker carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE), we have identified a population of slow-cycling, label-retaining tumor cells in both in vitro sphere cultures and in vivo xenograft models. Strikingly, label-retaining cells exhibit a multifold increase in ability to survive traditional forms of chemotherapy and reenter the cell cycle. Further, we demonstrate the innovative application of CFSE to live sort slow-cycling tumor cells and validate their chemoresistance and tumorigenic potential.
The incidence of recurrence after treatment in patients with epithelial tumors is a major obstacle in developing truly curative treatments. Although many stage II colon cancer patients show initial responses to standard chemotherapies, 5-year recurrence rates can be as high as 25% [1]. In breast cancer patients, 15-year recurrence rates are as high as 20% [2]. While factors associated with recurrence (sizes, grade, etc.) can suggest which tumors are likely to recur, the inability to accurately predict recurrence risk can lead to both unnecessary and insufficient treatment. It appears likely that subsets of tumor cells evade initial chemotherapy and survive to repropagate the tumor [3,4]. Traditional chemotherapies like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Oxaliplatin require active cycling cells to trigger cell death [4,5]. Cells that are quiescent or cycling slowly are therefore less likely to be susceptible to these drugs, suggesting an inherent recurrence mechanism in which slow-cycling cells evade therapeutic agents and repropagate tumors. Evidence for such chemoresistance abilities are observed in normal skin tissue where more slowly dividing cells in the bulge survive chemotherapy to regenerate the hair follicle [6]. In the mouse forebrain, high doses of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) kill constitutively proliferating cells, but have no effect on quiescent cells [7].
Similar to adult tissues, slow-cycling populations of cells have been identified in cancer tissues. Roesch et al. demonstrated that primary melanoma cell lines contain a PKH26 label–retaining population that has a doubling time of 4 weeks [8]. Using the same PKH dye, Kusumbe and Bapat demonstrated the existence of a slow-cycling population of cells in ovarian cancer [9]. Dembinski and Krauss used Vybrant® DiI to demonstrate a pancreatic adenocarcinoma slow-cycling cell population [10]. Even cell lines grown for years in vitro, like MDA.MB.231, have been found to contain label-retaining cell (LRC) populations [11]. The contribution that slow-cycling populations play in chemotherapy resistance is not well studied and it is unclear whether this characteristic may be a significant factor in tumor recurrence.
In this study, we use an innovative application for the cell tracing dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) to identify and isolate slow-cycling LRCs in both commonly used colon and breast tumor cell lines, as well as a primary human breast tumor. We demonstrate that these slow-cycling cells are tumorigenic and more resistant to traditional chemotherapies than rapidly dividing cells. Importantly, slow-cycling cells survive treatment and demonstrate active DNA synthesis after the removal of chemotherapy drugs, suggesting that they may drive recurrence in the clinical setting.
Adherent HCT116 (ATCC CCL-247) and MDA-MB-231 (ATCC HTB-26) cultures were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (Gibco 11995) or Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium (Gibco 22400), respectively, with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
Sphere cultures were grown in Sphere media consisting of DMEM/F12 (Gibco 11320) with 1× B-27 (Gibco 12587), 15mM HEPES (Gibco 15630), 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 20ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (Invitrogen 13256-029), and 10ng/mL epithelial growth factor (EGF) (Sigma E9644). Spheres were digested in alkaline solution (Sphere media with NaOH, pH 11.6) and quenched with acidic solution (Sphere media with HCl, pH 1.7) then filtered through a 40μM mesh.
CFSE labeling was conducted with 10μM CFSE stock according to manufacturer's protocol for cells in suspension (Molecular Probes C34554).
NOD.CB17-Prkdc scid/J mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories and housed in the UMass Animal Medicine Facilities.
Adherent HCT116 (1×107) or MDA-MB-231 (7×106) CFSE-labeled cells were suspended in Matrigel (BD Biosciences 354234) and injected subcutaneously into the flank or #3 mammary fat pad, respectively. After 2 weeks, two to four tumor digests were combined to obtain adequate cell numbers and live sorted.
Primary patient breast tumor tissue (designated 2597T) was obtained from the UMass Cancer Center Tissue and Tumor Bank with IRB approval and was exclusively passaged in NOD/SCID mice.
Tumor digests were mechanically and enzymatically (2mg/mL collagenase) digested, dissociated on a gentleMACs Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotech), and filtered through a 40μM mesh.
To determine CFSE+ cell growth potential, 1.0×104 HCT116 or 2.5×104 2597T live sorted CFSE+ were resuspended in Matrigel and regrafted either into flanks or mammary fat pads.
Cells were cultured in Sphere media for at least 1 week and passaged once before use. Single-cell suspensions of CFSE-labeled HCT116cells were plated at 2.0×104 cells/mL. One-week-chased single-cell suspensions were replated at 2.0×104 cells/mL in Sphere media containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle control, 2μM Oxaliplatin (Sigma 9512), 250μM 5-FU (Sigma F6627), or FOX (Oxaliplatin and 5-FU) for 3 days before being analyzed for CFSE content. Alternatively, FOX-treated cultures were replated in fresh Sphere media containing 10μM BrdU (BD Pharmingen 550891) for 3 days. A range of drug concentrations was initially used to determine the above concentrations that would give 75%–90% kill curves.
Mice were injected with 5×106 HCT116 CFSE-labeled cells into the #3 and #8 mammary fat pads. Twelve days after engraftment (day 0) mice were injected IP with 40mg/kg 5-FU and 10mg/kg Oxaliplatin diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Injections were repeated on days 4 and 8. On day 12, tumors were collected and processed as described. BrdU pulsed tumors received 1mg BrdU by IP injection on days 14, 15, and 16, and were processed on day 17.
Single-cell suspensions derived from sphere cultures were washed in PBS+ (PBS with 1% 1M HEPES and 2% FBS). Single-cell in vivo tumor digests were washed in PBS+ and stained with the epithelial-positive selection marker EpCAM (eBiosciences 50-9326) and the negative selection markers TER119, CD31, and CD45 (BD Pharmingen 553673, 553373, and 553089). In vitro and in vivo samples were suspended in PBS and 20% Sphere media with 7AAD (BD Pharmingen 559925). A maximum of 5% of the greatest CFSE intense-Live/Lineage negative cells were collected.
Chemotherapy-treated samples and BrdU-treated samples were labeled with the viability discriminator Live/Dead Blue (Invitrogen L23105) and fixed in Cytofix buffer (BD Biosciences 51-2090KZ). BrdU-treated samples were stained with anti-BrdU antibody (Roche 11170376001, APC secondary Santa Cruz sc-3818). Final samples were suspended in FACS buffer (1× PBS, 1mM sodium azide, and 0.05g/mL bovine serum albumin).
Cell cycle analysis was performed on cytofixed cells in 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) (Roche 236276).
All samples were analyzed and sorted by the UMass Medical School Flow Cytometry Facility. The proliferation wizard from the Modfit analysis package was used to generate generation peaks from HCT116 in vivo xenografts at 2 weeks.
Tumor samples were frozen in OCT compound, sectioned at 6μm thickness, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Fluorescent stains were mounted with Vectashield containing DAPI (Vector H-1200).
Statistical analysis and P values were calculated using the t-test functions of the GraphPad Prism software.
Sphere cultures are considered to better represent properties of tumor cells; we, therefore, used this system to determine whether slow-cycling cells were present in the colon tumor line HCT116. Similar to other groups, we found that in sphere media, MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) cells formed poorly proliferative, loosely associated clumps of cells that made pulse/chase growth assays impractical [12]. Therefore, MDA231 cells were grown as adherent cultures during evaluation for in vitro LRCs. MDA231 cultures or HCT116 spheres were digested into single cells and labeled with the fluorescent cell tracing dye CFSE, then plated back into RPMI or Sphere media, respectively. Over the course of 1 week, dividing cells progressively dilute out label and decrease in fluorescence intensity (Fig. 1A). At 1 week, a CFSE-intense cell population was distinguishable from non/low-labeled bulk cells by microscopy under both conditions (Fig. 1B). When single cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, an average CFSE+ bright LRC population of 4.2%±2.1% was detected in HCT116 spheres and 0.99%±0.14% in MDA231 adherent cultures (Fig. 1C, representative plots). Using the mean CFSE intensity to compare cells with the lowest CFSE intensity (mean CFSE=26.8) to the highest CFSE intensity (black box, mean CFSE=227), HCT116 CFSE bright cells were ~3 cell divisions behind non/low-labeled bulk cells (Fig. 1C), indicating a distinct population of slowly dividing cells. Cell cycle analysis of HCT116 CFSE+ spheres revealed a 2-fold increase in G2/M phase cells when compared with total cells (Fig. 1D), suggesting an extended G2/M phase or arrest.
We next used CFSE labeling to determine whether slow-cycling cells were detectable in an in vivo system. HCT116 and MDA231 cells were labeled with CFSE and grafted subcutaneously or into the mammary fat pads, respectively, of NOD/SCID mice. After 2 weeks of growth, flow cytometry indicated a population of CFSE+ cells distinguishable from the bulk tumor cells: HCT116 with 11.6%±2.9% and MDA231 with 9.7%±3.5% CFSE+ cells (Fig. 2). To demonstrate that this was not limited to cell lines, we performed similar in vivo studies with a patient-derived primary breast tumor (2597T) that demonstrated an LRC content of 5.3%±0.8% (Fig. 2A). Using the proliferation wizard from the Modfit software package, we calculated that the top 5% CFSE-intense cells have undergone at least 3–5 fewer cell divisions than the bulk tumors cells in HCT116 xenografts (Fig. 2B). On frozen tissue sections of tumor xenografts, only a small number of scattered CFSE+ cells were detectable (Fig. 2C), demonstrating the sensitivity of flow cytometric analysis over immunofluorescence microscopy for this system. When analyzed for cell cycle stage, in vivo CFSE+ cell cycle profiles were similar to bulk tumor cells with only a slight enrichment for the G2/M phase (Fig. 2D).
To assess the capacity of LRCs to contribute to tumor growth, we live sorted pulse-chased HCT116 spheres (Fig. 3A, Row 1) and replated CFSE+ cells. After 1 week, ~75% of CFSE+ cells had divided to form spheres (Row 2). It is interesting to note that 25% of cells did not appear to divide and retained high levels of the CFSE label, suggesting that a population of LRCs may exhibit long-term cell cycle arrests.
To determine whether in vivo–derived LRCs are tumorigenic, pulse-chased HCT116 and 2597T primary tumors were digested to single cells and live sorted for a maximum of 5% of the top CFSE+ cells. When reinjected into mice, large tumors were formed within 2 months. Histologically, CFSE+ tumors were similar to tumors formed from the established parental cell line (Fig. 3B). In the primary 2597T breast line, CFSE+ tumors were also similar to the histology of the primary patient sample.
Slow-cycling LRCs in adult tissues have been demonstrated to survive chemotherapy better than other cells within the tissue [6,13,14]. To investigate whether chemotherapy resistance is also a characteristic of our slow-cycling tumor cells, we labeled HCT116 cells, and chased for 1 week in sphere media. Single-cell digests were then either plated in DMSO vehicle control or a chemotherapy reagent at a combined concentration to kill between 75% and 90% of cells and discern more resistant cells (Fig. 4A). After 3 days in culture, DMSO-treated cells had expanded by 5-fold, while Oxaliplatin- (15%), 5-FU– (2.8%), and FOX-treated (3.3%) cultures expectedly contained only a fraction of viable cells compared with DMSO controls (Fig. 4B). When analyzed for CFSE, DMSO control samples demonstrated an expected decrease in CFSE content (15.2% to 7.1%) as these cells continued to proliferate. Strikingly, Oxaliplatin-, 5-FU–, and FOX-treated cells demonstrated 3.4-, 6.7-, and 7.1-fold increase in CFSE+ cell content, respectively (Fig. 4C). To determine whether LRCs are capable of dividing after treatment, HCT116 FOX-treated cultures were replated in sphere media containing BrdU. After 3 days, 6.2% of total cells were BrdU+/CFSE+ cells, suggesting ~10% of CFSE+ cells (6.2% of 59.1%) had undergone DNA replication and reentered the cell cycle during this early postchemotherapy recovery period (Fig. 4D).
To elucidate whether slow-cycling LRCs are chemoresistant in vivo, CFSE-labeled HCT116 cells were engrafted into NOD/SCID mice and allowed a 12-day chase before being placed on a FOX treatment regime (Fig. 5A). At the end of treatment, FOX-treated tumors were significantly smaller in size (541mg) compared with DMSO-treated controls (753mg) (Fig. 5B). When analyzed for CFSE content, DMSO-treated tumors averaged 5.3% CFSE+ cells while FOX-treated tumors had a statistically significant increase in CFSE+ cells at 8.3% (Fig. 5C). When FOX-treated tumors were pulsed with BrdU for 4 days, LRCs demonstrated the ability to cycle at least once over the time period through BrdU incorporation (Fig. 5D) and a cell fraction within all stages of the cell cycle via DAPI stain (Fig. 5E). Combined, these data demonstrate the ability for LRCs to reenter the cell cycle and actively proliferate shortly after chemotherapy treatment.
The use of CFSE to demonstrate the existence of slow-cycling LRC populations in cancer is divergent from the dye's general use of short-term lineage tracing. The CFSE offers the distinctive ability to isolate and further characterize live, slow-cycling cells apart from other label-retaining methods, like BrdU, that require cell permeabilization. Further, CFSE dilution and retention relies on a functional cellular phenotype and is independent of protein markers with poorly understood functional contribution to cell dynamics. We demonstrate the existence of a CFSE LRC population in two epithelial tumors lines and one primary patient-derived tumor xenograft. Slow-cycling populations of cells have been found in the normal colon [15] and normal breast tissues [16–18], suggesting that this characteristic maybe carried over from their tissues of origin and serve an important functional role in tissue longevity.
Importantly, the populations of LRCs that we identified both in vitro and in vivo are capable of reactivation. While it is conceivable that a population of cells that enter a senescent state postlabeling would retain label, the identified LRCs are capable of division when live sorted and replated in Sphere media and can regenerate tumors in vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that CFSE+ LRCs are capable of driving tumor formation and regrowth in a clinical setting.
The observed enrichment of LRCs after chemotherapy requires either the preferential expansion of the LRC pool or a reduction of the nonlabel-retaining bulk cells. Back calculations of the in vitro–treated DMSO population suggest an increase in absolute LRC number from ~30,000 to ~80,000, due to LRC proliferation that generates partially labeled daughters. However, this expansion alone cannot account for the significant increase in overall LRC composition. In addition, the significant difference in survival between Oxaliplatin-treated samples and 5-FU/FOX–treated samples further supports the concept of LRC enrichment due to increased chemotherapy resistance. Oxaliplatin had insignificant overall kill and only modest LRC enrichment, while 5-FU killed a majority of cells and demonstrated a more profound LRC enrichment (Fig. 4). These data indicate that LRCs are better able to survive standard chemotherapy treatments and their enrichment is related to chemotherapeutic efficiency of killing nonlabel-retaining bulk cells.
In vivo we see a similar pattern where treatment with clinically relevant concentrations of FOX resulted in modest debulking of tumors, corresponding with only modest LRC enrichment (Fig. 5). Unfortunately, increasing drug concentrations or decreasing time between injections proved fatal for a high percentage of mice and hampered our ability to determine whether a more profound debulking of tumor cells would lead to greater fold LRC enrichment.
In in vitro sphere assays, HCT116 LRCs were enriched for cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle (Fig. 1C). Other groups have associated a G2/M phase arrest with increased resistance to multiple forms of chemotherapy and a propensity to evade apoptosis [19,20]. It is likely therefore that the G2/M arrest observed in our LRCs is a contributing factor to the observed enrichment, perhaps by extending the time for repair or providing the means to evade apoptotic signals. It is also possible that simply arresting in the G2/M state primes LRCs to better respond to cellular stresses and apoptotic signaling that results from therapeutic treatment.
While the ability of cancer cells to survive chemotherapy is important, clinically significant cells must also be capable of proliferation to stimulate tumor recurrence. Therefore, it is important to establish that CFSE+ LRCs are not avoiding the cytotoxic effects of FOX treatment by entering a permanently nondividing state. Both in vitro and in vivo, a subset of FOX-treated LRCs was able to incorporate BrdU shortly after removal of FOX (Figs. 4D and and5D),5D), demonstrating the capacity of LRCs to actively proliferate and conceivably contribute to tumor recurrence after treatment. This suggests that slow-cycling cells are activated after chemotherapy withdrawal to repropagate the tumor.
Given the therapy-resistant and tumorigenic properties of LRCs, it is conceivable to conclude an association between slow-cycling cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs).
The concept that subsets of tumor cells have increased capacity for tumor propagation in mice is still evolving. For instance, in some models of cancer stem cells (such as melanoma), most if not all cells are tumorigenic [21], while in other system (such as in colon cancer), surface markers have been shown to be nonspecific, with marker-positive and negative cells showing tumorigenicity [22,23]. Evidence from other groups in ovarian tumors, mammary tumors, and melanoma cell lines has demonstrated a connection between the slow-cycling phenotype and identified CSC populations [8,18,24]. However, we believe our findings to be biologically and clinically significant, independent of a cancer stem cell model. Given the possibility that most or all cancer cells could be tumorigenic, we identify a subset of slow-cycling cells that is better able to survive treatment, and thus more capable of leading to tumor recurrence.
In summary, we propose a model in which a subset of slow-cycling tumor cells has enhanced chemoresistance and proliferate after chemotherapy withdrawal to allow for tumor recurrence in a clinical setting. Further, this study details an innovative method to isolate, enrich, and better characterize a population of live therapy-resistant cells in both in vitro cultures and in vivo xenografts. This work should allow for future live enrichment and better characterization of chemoresistant populations to develop more targeted therapies.
The authors thank the University of Massachusetts Medical School Cancer Center Tissue and Tumor Bank (www.umassmed.edu/cancercenter/tissuebank/index.aspx) for samples and staining.
W.M. Keck Foundation Award and Department of Defense (BC074714) (Stephen Lyle); R01-CA119061 (JeanMarie Houghton).
There are no conflicts of interests in connection with this manuscript.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Fachbereich / Organisatorische Einheit
- Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (111) (entfernen)
- Dissertation (61)
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- Mobilfunk (5)
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- Cache (3)
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- Application study: RRAM for Low-Power Microcontrollers (2016)
- The energy efficiency of today's microcontrollers is supported by the extensive usage of low-power mechanisms. A full power-down requires in many cases a complex, and maybe error prone, administration scheme, because data from the volatile memory have to be stored in a flash based back- up memory. New types of non-volatile memory, e.g. in RRAM technology, are faster and consumes a fraction of the energy compared to flash technology. This paper evaluates power gating for WSN with RRAM as back-up memory.
- Architecture Evaluation Tool for 3D CAMs (2016)
- Three-dimensional (3D) integration using through- silicon via (TSV) has been used for memory designs. Content addressable memory (CAM) is an important component in digital systems. In this paper, we propose an evaluation tool for 3D CAMs, which can aid the designer to explore the delay and power of various partitioning strategies. Delay, power, and energy models of 3D CAM with respect to different architectures are built as well.
- Memristor: The Enabler for Processing-in-Memory (2016)
- This paper briefly discusses a new architecture, Computation-In-Memory (CIM Architecture), which performs "processing-in-memory". It is based on the integration of storage and computation in the same physical location (crossbar topology) and the use of non-volatile resistive-switching technology (memristive devices or memristors in short) instead of CMOS technology. The architecture has the potential of improving the energy-delay product, computing efficiency and performance area by at least two orders of magnitude.
- Design Considerations of Die-Stacked DRAM Caches (2016)
- Multiple-channel die-stacked DRAMs have been used for maximizing the performance and minimizing the power of memory access in 2.5D/3D system chips. Stacked DRAM dies can be used as a cache for the processor die in 2.5D/3D system chips. Typically, modern processor system-on-chips (SOCs) have three-level caches, L1, L2, and L3. Could the DRAM cache be used to replace which level of caches? In this paper, we derive an inequality which can aid the designer to check if the designed DRAM cache can provide better performance than the L3 cache. Also, design considerations of DRAM caches for meet the inequality are discussed. We find that a dilemma of the DRAM cache access time and associativity exists for providing better performance than the L3 cache. Organizing multiple channels into a DRAM cache is proposed to cope with the dilemma.
- A Case for Near Memory Computation Inside the Smart Memory Cube (2016)
- 3D integration of solid-state memories and logic, as demonstrated by the Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), offers major opportunities for revisiting near-memory computation and gives new hope to mitigate the power and performance losses caused by the "memory wall". In this paper we present the first exploration steps towards design of the Smart Memory Cube (SMC), a new Processor-in-Memory (PIM) architecture that enhances the capabilities of the logic-base (LoB) in HMC. An accurate simulation environment has been developed, along with a full featured software stack. All offloading and dynamic overheads caused by the operating system, cache coherence, and memory management are considered, as well. Benchmarking results demonstrate up to 2X performance improvement in comparison with the host SoC, and around 1.5X against a similar host-side accelerator. Moreover, by scaling down the voltage and frequency of PIM's processor it is possible to reduce energy by around 70% and 55% in comparison with the host and the accelerator, respectively.
- A counter-based read circuit tolerant to process variation for low-voltage operating STT-MRAM (2016)
- The capacity of embedded memory on LSIs has kept increasing. It is important to reduce the leakage power of embedded memory for low-power LSIs. In fact, the ITRS predicts that the leakage power in embedded memory will account for 40% of all power consumption by 2024 [1]. A spin transfer torque magneto-resistance random access memory (STT-MRAM) is promising for use as non-volatile memory to reduce the leakage power. It is useful because it can function at low voltages and has a lifetime of over 1016 write cycles [2]. In addition, the STT-MRAM technology has a smaller bit cell than an SRAM. Making the STT-MRAM is suitable for use in high-density products [3–7]. The STT-MRAM uses magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The MTJ has two states: a parallel state and an anti-parallel state. These states mean that the magnetization direction of the MTJ's layers are the same or different. The directions pair determines the MTJ's magneto- resistance value. The states of MTJ can be changed by the current flowing. The MTJ resistance becomes low in the parallel state and high in the anti-parallel state. The MTJ potentially operates at less than 0.4 V [8]. In other hands, it is difficult to design peripheral circuitry for an STT-MRAM array at such a low voltage. In this paper, we propose a counter-based read circuit that functions at 0.4 V, which is tolerant of process variation and temperature fluctuation.
- Spin Orbit Torque memory for non-volatile microprocessor caches (2016)
- Magnetic spin-based memory technologies are a promising solution to overcome the incoming limits of microelectronics. Nevertheless, the long write latency and high write energy of these memory technologies compared to SRAM make it difficult to use these for fast microprocessor memories, such as L1- Caches. However, the recent advent of the Spin Orbit Torque (SOT) technology changed the story: indeed, it potentially offers a writing speed comparable to SRAM with a much better density as SRAM and an infinite endurance, paving the way to a new paradigm in processor architectures, with introduction of non- volatility in all the levels of the memory hierarchy towards full normally-off and instant-on processors. This paper presents a full design flow, from device to system, allowing to evaluate the potential of SOT for microprocessor cache memories and very encouraging simulation results using this framework.
- Embedded ECC Solutions for Emerging Memories (PCMs) (2016)
- Emerging Memories (EMs) could benefit from Error Correcting Codes (ECCs) able to correct few errors in a few nanoseconds. The low latency is necessary to meet the DRAM- like and/or eXecuted-in-Place requirements of Storage Class Memory devices. The error correction capability would help manufacturers to cope with unknown failure mechanisms and to fulfill the market demand for a rapid increase in density. This paper shows the design of an ECC decoder for a shortened BCH code with 256-data-bit page able to correct three errors in less than 3 ns. The tight latency constraint is met by pre-computing the coefficients of carefully chosen Error Locator Polynomials, by optimizing the operations in the Galois Fields and by resorting to a fully parallel combinatorial implementation of the decoder. The latency and the area occupancy are first estimated by the number of elementary gates to traverse, and by the total number of elementary gates of the decoder. Eventually, the implementation of the solution by Synopsys topographical synthesis methodology in 54nm logic gate length CMOS technology gives a latency lower than 3 ns and a total area less than \(250 \cdot 10^3 \mu m^2\).
- Circuit and architectural techniques for minimum-energy operation of SRAM-based caches (2016)
- To continue reducing voltage in scaled technologies, both circuit and architecture-level resiliency techniques are needed to tolerate process-induced defects, variation, and aging in SRAM cells. Many different resiliency schemes have been proposed and evaluated, but most prior results focus on voltage reduction instead of energy reduction. At the circuit level, device cell architectures and assist techniques have been shown to lower Vmin for SRAM, while at the architecture level, redundancy and cache disable techniques have been used to improve resiliency at low voltages. This paper presents a unified study of error tolerance for both circuit and architecture techniques and estimates their area and energy overheads. Optimal techniques are selected by evaluating both the error-correcting abilities at low supplies and the overheads of each technique in a 28nm. The results can be applied to many of the emerging memory technologies.
- Exploiting Radio Channel Aware Physical Layer Concepts (2015)
- In DS-CDMA, spreading sequences are allocated to users to separate different links namely, the base-station to user in the downlink or the user to base station in the uplink. These sequences are designed for optimum periodic correlation properties. Sequences with good periodic auto-correlation properties help in frame synchronisation at the receiver while sequences with good periodic cross- correlation property reduce cross-talk among users and hence reduce the interference among them. In addition, they are designed to have reduced implementation complexity so that they are easy to generate. In current systems, spreading sequences are allocated to users irrespective of their channel condition. In this thesis, the method of allocating spreading sequences based on users' channel condition is investigated in order to improve the performance of the downlink. Different methods of dynamically allocating the sequences are investigated including; optimum allocation through a simulation model, fast sub-optimum allocation through a mathematical model, and a proof-of-concept model using real-world channel measurements. Each model is evaluated to validate, improvements in the gain achieved per link, computational complexity of the allocation scheme, and its impact on the capacity of the network. In cryptography, secret keys are used to ensure confidentiality of communication between the legitimate nodes of a network. In a wireless ad-hoc network, the broadcast nature of the channel necessitates robust key management systems for secure functioning of the network. Physical layer security is a novel method of profitably utilising the random and reciprocal variations of the wireless channel to extract secret key. By measuring the characteristics of the wireless channel within its coherence time, reciprocal variations of the channel can be observed between a pair of nodes. Using these reciprocal characteristics of common shared secret key is extracted between a pair of the nodes. The process of key extraction consists of four steps namely; channel measurement, quantisation, information reconciliation, and privacy amplification. The reciprocal channel variations are measured and quantised to obtain a preliminary key of vector bits (0; 1). Due to errors in measurement, quantisation, and additive Gaussian noise, disagreement in the bits of preliminary keys exists. These errors are corrected by using, error detection and correction methods to obtain a synchronised key at both the nodes. Further, by the method of secure hashing, the entropy of the key is enhanced in the privacy amplification stage. The efficiency of the key generation process depends on the method of channel measurement and quantisation. Instead of quantising the channel measurements directly, if their reciprocity is enhanced and then quantised appropriately, the key generation process can be made efficient and fast. In this thesis, four methods of enhancing reciprocity are presented namely; l1-norm minimisation, Hierarchical clustering, Kalman filtering, and Polynomial regression. They are appropriately quantised by binary and adaptive quantisation. Then, the entire process of key generation, from measuring the channel profile to obtaining a secure key is validated by using real-world channel measurements. The performance evaluation is done by comparing their performance in terms of bit disagreement rate, key generation rate, test of randomness, robustness test, and eavesdropper test. An architecture, KeyBunch, for effectively deploying the physical layer security in mobile and vehicular ad-hoc networks is also proposed. Finally, as an use-case, KeyBunch is deployed in a secure vehicular communication architecture, to highlight the advantages offered by physical layer security.

subset: commoncrawl


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I first met Melissa De Dios through some mutual friends. Melissa's style and charm drew me in and I have been following her on the FB ever since. I noticed Melissa is always a gentle character with a huge genuine smile, someone who is very charismatic whilst always doing something fun!
I am a nurse by day, drag king by night, and avid doodler as well. I have always been a dreamer, a lover, and a hopeless romantic. I love romance but never saw myself being tied down until I met my wife. True story. Never wanted or felt I deserved love until I saw her since we met. Not one day has gone by without my number one supporter, fan, and best friend. She has helped me find myself more and more each day and is such a huge positive influence in my life. Truly I have met my match with her.
Some people are not all about the "cheesiness" that makes us but I don't care she makes me happy, she makes me see myself as handsomely beautiful as I am. I see that I do not have to pick one, I can be and do whatever I want as long as a good heart is behind it.
Three of the most influential women in my life are my grandmother, my mother and my wife. All three of them are so alike it trips me out, but they in fact are my best qualities. Sounds crazy, but I feel like every emotion is intensified around all of them, so intensified I literally can burst into confetti – in a good way of course. They accept me for me. Bottom line, best feeling in the world.
I have always been a huge tomboy. Although I never really knew how to express myself really up until a few years ago. And realized its okay to not conform to what society wants you to be. I am now 28 and FINALLY getting comfortable in my own skin.
"I am genderqueer lesbian, dapper mens fashion makes me feel both handsome and beautiful."
FB: @melissa de dios
IG: @mrmelvinurpanz


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I've never seen one with padded straps that cross in the back. My Ergo has a buckle thing that kind of makes an "H" shape out of the two parallel straps. Is it comfy with the padded straps crossing? Have you tried back carrying with it? What did you use and where did you get the buckles?
My Manduca is the same with the 'H' shape, but you also can wear it the straps crossed. The 'H' thing isn't really comfy for me, cause the horizontal bar doesn't adjust short enough. I have quite narrow shoulders and the straps tend to sit towards the edges of my shoulders, which gives me backache when I wear her for a long time. I have worn it with the straps crossed a few times, and while it's better in terms of carrying the load, the way the straps lie isn't very comfortable, and it's a bit of a pain to put on. Because in my version there's no hardware on the middle of the straps, they lie pretty flat across my back, and it's much more comfortable.
I haven't tried her in a back carry at all yet - she's just growing out of her reflux and I had images of me with puke-splattered hair and shoulders and not knowing about it! She's still fairly light (7.5 months and 17.5lbs) so a front carry is fine for now. I'm going to give it a go soon. The only thing about my version is that because of the length of the straps, I'd need to cross them over at the front, which probably isn't the most comfortable in terms of boobage. Maybe I'll need to sew another version for back carries with shorter straps and a short 'H' bar?
The buckles and webbing came from ebay. They're not the most expensive, as this was kind of a trial run. Next time I'd buy good quality, heavy duty fastenings. They hold her fine as she is still quite small, but as she grows I'm not sure I'd trust them.
I was a bit anxious the first time I put her in it, but I used a double layer of strong canvas, and webbing through all the straps, secured with x boxes and double stitching. If it's going to go anywhere, it'd be the buckles, but if you bought heavy duty buckles you wouldn't have to worry about it. That's what I'll do for next time
scary_mary: thanks for posting that list! I read a few of those tutorials in my quest, as well as studying the 'Handmade Baby Carriers' flickr group (fab, if you haven't seen it!) and they were super helpful!
I think the best thing for people to do is work from a few patterns or tutorials, taking the bits of each one that best suit their body type and the size/shape of their LO, so that you get a perfect fit for you both!


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A Good Year Trailer (2006)
"Everything matures... eventually." 09 September 2006 Drama, Comedy, Romance 118 mins
Failed London banker Max Skinner inherits his uncle's vineyard in Provence, where he spent many childhood holidays. Upon his arrival, he meets a woman from California who tells Max she is his long-lost cousin and that the property is hers.
Watch the official A Good Year 2006 trailer in HD below or find more A Good Year videos on Vidimovie.


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Redundancies at Wolverhampton City Council to cost £18m in payouts
Making council workers redundant will cost one cash-strapped authority £18.7 million over two years, figures have revealed, as it emerged that it will be down to its last £623,000 of reserves by the end of the next financial year.
It can also be revealed that Wolverhampton City Council is planning to offer less generous packages to staff whose jobs are axed amid £123 million worth of cuts.
The controlling Labour cabinet will tonight vote to look into reducing its redundancy to 'statutory minimum'.
A report to councillors reveals: "It should be noted that it cannot be guaranteed that the council will be able to allow employees to access a full pension between the ages of 55 and 60 after March 31 2014."
- Spending is stopped at troubled Wolverhampton City Council
- Wolverhampton library-users dismay at plans to cut opening hours to just 15
There are 1,400 jobs set to go at the council with redundancy expected to put a burden of £7m on the council's bank balance in 2014/15.
The council is re-opening a voluntary redundancy scheme to applicants, offering a more generous package than the one given to those who are made compulsorily redundant.
The £18.7m cost of redundancy, revealed in the report to the cabinet, is based on making 1,137 redundancies over two years.
At least 1,400 posts must go over five years.
Have the latest cuts gone too far? Vote in our poll and have your say in the comments section:
Opposition Conservative finance spokesman Councillor Wendy Thompson said: "The council has seriously underestimated the changes to its grants."
Budget reports reveal that without deep cuts the authority will be down to its last £620,000 in it's 'uncommitted general reserves' by the end of the next financial year.
Finance bosses say they need to have a minimum of £10m available in reserves.
Councillor Andrew Johnson, who is in charge of finance, said: "The £620,000 we would have left without urgent action is about the equivalent of taking 15 children into care."
The controlling Labour cabinet will tonight vote to instruct managers to stop all but 'absolutely essential' spending for the remainder of the financial year while more cuts are drawn up.
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Black Friday: Cannock's Newlife store is swamped, but high street sales get a lukewarm reception – with VIDEO
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text: Here's another one. the Ventrac 4231TD Turbo Diesel VXD All Wheel Drifve tractor with mowing deck (Vanguard 31hp Turbo Dsl 3-cyl- 953cc- liquid-cooled). http://www.ventrac.com/products/powerunits/KT4200/index.htm This will take someone who can write about the tractor AND the deck. These VenTracs have an oscillating frame -- good for tight maneuvering -- They are also substantial machines, so we want someone who can really use it. <<<<<<MUST BE IN THE VICINITY OF ORRVILLE, OHIO.>>>>> Email me at email@example.com if you can test this gear.


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Metal: 18K Yellow Gold Marked / Tested: Tiffany & Co , Schlumberger ,750 Gemstones/diamonds: N/a Clarity: Vs Color: G Measurements: Ring Size - 6.5, 8.4Mm Wide (Inch = 25Mm) Weight: 9.8g
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I am going to be honest, when I saw the review form for How to Have a H.E.A.R.T. for Your Kids by Rachael Carman, I did not sign up for it. I really didn't think I needed to read this book. BUT God, in all His wisdom must have felt that I needed it because I ended up being one of the reviewers.
The very day that I received the book I sat down to check it out, and 49 pages later I finally put it down. It was around that time that I said "Thank you Lord for sending this book my way." Even though I didn't think this was a book for me, it very much was!! If time would have permitted I would have read the whole book right then and there.
I had never heard of Rachael Carman before, but once I started reading her book I knew that I liked her. She writes in such a way that really draws you in, like I said I didn't want to put the book down. Besides this was some good stuff I was reading! I was very impressed with her complete openness, how she shared her struggles and her true feelings.
It was a few weeks after I started Rachael's book that I learned who she was. Rachael and her husband, Davis, are the family that purchased Apologia (you know, the science company that is now much more than a science company). I learned this one afternoon while having lunch with Rachael and a few other wonderful ladies from Apologia. I also learned about how Rachael had a tremendous heart for moms, especially those of the homeschooling variety.
Ok, now back to the book. H.E.A.R.T. is actually an acronym that stands for:
H - Have a Heart for the things of God
E - Enrich your marriage
A - Accept your kids
R - Release them to God
T - Teach them truth
I loved hearing Rachael's story and how she had NO plans of homeschooling her kids. Several years, 7 kids and a homeschool resource company later, we see that it obviously was God's plan! It really is an inspirational story.
Rachael is very honest about how she was excited to send her kids off on the yellow school bus, so she could have me time. When that didn't work out she and her husband decided they would try homeschooling, but Rachael was adamant that it was only for one year. Don't you just love how God's ways are not our ways. : )
I just really felt that this book was a breath of fresh air for me. It was something that I didn't even know I needed until I read it. The Holy Spirit convicted me on several things and really just opened my eyes to some major areas that are lacking here at the LSG House.
I especially loved the Accept your Kids and Release them to God chapters. They were both very good and encouraging to me. It was a joy to hear the wisdom that the Lord has given Rachael and that she is now passing on to other moms.
How to Have a H.E.A.R.T. would be a wonderful read for new moms as well as veterans, homeschoolers or not. I think that no matter what season of motherhood you are in, you would appreciate the wisdom and encouragement that Rachael has to share.
You can actually read a sample chapter of the book online before you buy it.
You can purchase a copy of the How to Have a H.E.A.R.T. book by Rachael Carman directly through Apologia for $13.00.
I received How to Have a H.E.A.R.T. free of charge for review purposes. The opinions expressed here are mine and I was not compensated in any way from the TOS Crew or Apologia Press.


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The rooms were horrible! They were old and outdated which I could have lived with considering the price; but they were dirty and stunk. A friend set half of his burger down on the table while he went to the restroom and when he came...More
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text: GOD HIMSELF makes you Feel Good...with your body's own natural Morphine! ENDORFINITE(tm) releases a boost of Endorphins: - Immediate Headache Relief - Body Aches fade away entirely - Depression is forgotten - Energy and High Spirits Return - Experience "Runner's High" - Not Addictive, No Side Effects (God doesn't create bad drugs!) Get Your Free Sample! http://email@example.com If you would rather not receive these messages, please click here. http://email@example.com It will take up to 48 hours for your request to take effect.


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Born on October 18, 1926, in St. Louis, Missouri, Chuck Berry had early exposure to music at school and church. As a teen, he was sent to prison for three years for armed robbery. He began producing hits in the 1950s, including 1958's "Johnny B. Goode," and had his first No. 1 hit in 1972 with "My Ding-a-Ling."
Read more here>>http://www.biography.com/people/chuck-berry-9210488
7 Answers
....we have lost a rock 'n' roll icon.
...God bless and keep him.
|8 months ago. Rating: 9
Amen! https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=chuck+berry
|8 months ago. Rating: 9
John Lennon said that if "Rock and Roll" had a different name, it would have been "Chuck Berry".
RIP, and thanks for everything!!!!!
|8 months ago. Rating: 8
RIP Chuck!
|8 months ago. Rating: 6
AC/DC stole that move from Chuck,,may the real rock and roll live forever..Chuck Berry has moved on..>>>>>>>><<<<<<<<..
|8 months ago. Rating: 6
My better half was upset about Chuck Berry's death. Saying that because my father knew him it produced sad feelings. I was born in St. Louis, MO and so was my dad. He went to school with Chuck Berry. He told us, kids use to pick on Chuck Berry because he carried his guitar all the time. My dad who was a big, strong football player at Sumner High, use to walk with and kind of protect him from bullies. Years later my dad and mom went to see him perform at Circle Star Theatre, in San Carlos, CA. They talked with him back stage. Chuck asked my dad, "Where have you been all these years?" Dad said they had a nice and warm chat. My dad died 3 years ago. They were both born in 1926. Depending on what you believe, they might get to say hi again.
|8 months ago. Rating: 5


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I am not currently accepting review requests.
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If you are interested in a guest post, please send me an email and I am more than happy to feature you in a guest post on my blog.
My review policy is fairly simple.
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The December New Era's are out now. Three more hats to add to your collection. Use your head for more than hat rack and get them before they are gone.
Dora Drimalas
Denis Kennedy
Sam Flores
Tuesday, December 4, 2007
Christmas Came Early This year
Posted by Dragonette at 5:34 PM
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The National Trust's Red House is currently closed for the winter but reopens soon, on 2 March. The garden will be open from 11am to 5pm, Wednesday to Sunday (for more information, see the National Trust's website).
I first visited Red House and its garden last year in April and am planning on going there again this year; it's a beautiful place in spring!
Red House, so named because of the red brick from which it is built, was the home of the English poet and Arts and Crafts artist William Morris.
The house was designed in 1859 by Morris and his friend, the architect Philip Webb, and completed a year later. It is considered a key building in the history of the Arts and Crafts movement, featuring wall paintings by Morris and stained and painted glass by Edward Burne-Jones.
The garden as well was designed in the Arts and Crafts style, making it an important early example of this garden design style that became popular in England in the last quarter of the 19th century.
Morris wanted the garden to be part of the house, through the use of a series of so-called "garden rooms" that complement the rooms inside the house. The "garden rooms" at Red House consisted of a herb garden, a vegetable garden, and two areas with old-fashioned flowers and fruit trees.
In 2002 the house was acquired by the National Trust, who are working to restore the house to its original condition as well as possible. Red House is a grade 1 listed building.
How to get there:
Take the train to Bexleyheath; upon leaving the station, turn left and walk along Avenue Road. When you get to the main road, turn left, cross the road, then walk down Upton Road until you get to Red House Lane, where Red House is situated just past the Hogs Hole Cottages.
The address of Red House is Red House Lane, Bexleyheath, Kent, DA6 8JF.
Links to other websites:
Photos of Red House and the garden:
Red House in summer, June 2010
The house seen from the garden, June 2010
The garden in summer, June 2010
See more: My Red House set on Flickr


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Understanding your retirement account statement. General account information. The front page includes your basic account information. Fund balances and activity. See your fund balances and activity by asset class. 6. Fees and expenses. Understanding your account statement.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
See your fund balances and activity by asset class.
Fees and expenses
Understanding your account statement
Review your expenses for the quarter.
Analyze your investments' returns.
Learn about market volatility.
*Source for index data: Commodity Systems, Inc.
How to read your account statement
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A recent study published in the Journal of American Medicine has some conclusions that might make marijuana advocates pretty excited. According to the study, the potent plant usually known for causing the munchies might actually help people be thinner. Researchers looked at the effect of the drug on metabolic processes and discovered a correlation between smaller waist circumference and marijuana use.
The results showed that, in addition to being thinner, marijuana users appeared to be more healthy overall than those who have never used marijuana.
The study looked at more than 4,600 people, 12 percent of whom said they were current marijuana users and 42 percent of whom said they had used in the past. Previous research had shown that marijuana users had a lower prevalence for diabetes and obesity, but this was the first study where scientists tried to determine if there was a link between insulin and glucose levels and marijuana usage, Yahoo Shine reported.
According to the background section of the study "there are limited data regarding the relationship between cannabinoids and metabolic processes. Epidemiologic studies have found lower prevalence rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus in marijuana users compared with people who have never used marijuana…
Read the rest at:
via Study: Marijuana Smokers Are Thinner And Healthier Than Non-Users.
Source: The Compassion Chronicles


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Allan Bridgford had a big weekend at the Los Angeles Nike Camp, sharing co-MVP honors at quarterback with Matt Barkley, the nation's top-rated player by Rivals.com.
Premium Content
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- Member-only message boards
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text:
this is for Chapters based in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area
A madman named Bryan Weise saw the movie "Robin and Marion" while he was reading "Lord of the Rings." Bryan had never heard of "medieval re-enactment," "Live Action Role Playing," or "Dungeons and Dragons." But he wanted to find a way to capture that spirit of adventure that could only come from wielding a sword or bow.
In 1977, he ran ads on Maryland's underground radio station WGTB that said, "Anyone wanting to fight in Hobbit Wars with padded weapons call Bryan at the following number." Bryan became Aratar Anfinhir the Stormbringer. For the first two years, all battles were woods battles; most included a camp-out the night before. Many battles in the first three years included rain or snow, giving power to Aratar's moniker of "Storm Bringer."
As the group began to grow, a madman Elvish scholar named Celemir suggested the name Dagorhir: "Battle Lords."


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Sara O'Brien decided to organize BreastFest in 1999 after having what she calls ''the biggest break down in my whole life.'' ''I read my mother's journal,'' she says, referring to the notebook her mother kept while bedridden and fighting cancer nearly 10 years before. ''It changed my life and I decided that I had to do something to honor (my) mother; to remember her and talk about her.''
She quickly put together an event she says is all about ''celebrating and remembering'' those whose lives were affected by cancer. All BreastFest proceeds go to the Athens Regional Medical Center's Loran Smith Center for Cancer Support
''My sisters at first looked at me like 'Are you nuts?','' she laughs. ''But, to me, it was the biggest sin not to talk about (my mother). She was a crazy goof-ball and she would love it!''
In its third year, BreastFest not only honors the late Tyanna O'Brien but has become something of a grass roots musical revue, with local bands from nearly every musical genre making an appearance to support the cause.
''No matter who you are in Athens,'' says Tara Geoffroy, public relations coordinator for BreastFest, ''the event has something that will appeal to you.''
A quick rundown of the musical acts performing that night reads a bit like a who's who of Athens musicians. Everything from the 12-woman a capella group Noteworthy to the African-American Choral Ensemble will take the stage to fund the cancer fight.
When: 2 p.m.-2 a.m. Saturday, March 24
Where: Tasty World
Cost: $6 in advance; $10 at the door. Advance tickets through www.breastfest.org and available at School Kids Records
Call: (706) 543-0797
Says Soji Ezekiel, who will organize a step show between his own Alpha Kappa Alpha fraternity and the Alpha Phi Alpha sorority, ''I lost my mother to breast cancer in 1995 and this is a way of somehow giving back to her.''
''Everyone seems to have their own stories about cancer affecting them or someone in their family,'' says O'Brien.
''And when you say 'cancer' people just shut up,'' says Geoffroy, who herself was diagnosed with Hodgkins Disease in 1997, and is, thankfully, in remission.
''This kind of thing gets people talking about (cancer) in a positive way,'' adds O'Brien.
The event begins at 2 p.m. with Pam Blanchard and the Sunny-Side Up Band. From 2-3 p.m. the event is geared toward children and is free of charge.
''Although piggy bank donations are accepted,'' notes Blanchard.
From 3 p.m. until 2 a.m., Tasty World will be filled with the sounds of bands like acid-jazz/fusion group Ori, Afro-Latino-Celtic guitar band Dromedary and the mellow grooves of The Georgia Guitar Quartet and Grace.
The Grecian 5 Comedy Tribe is also scheduled to perform and the evening will round out will the crazy DJ mayhem of the orange suited, sunblocker bespectacled Krush Girls.
''It's going to be a night when people can realize that life is good,'' O'Brien says. ''I don't care who you are or where you come from, tragedy eventually affects you and that's when you wake up. This lets people take a minute and celebrate the lives of the people they've lost. Celebrate and remember; that's what it's all about.''
Staff writer Sarah Lee can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or (706) 208-2229.
This article published in the Athens Daily News on Thursday, March 22, 2001.
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A CELEBRATION for diversity against racism is planned for this weekend.
The Battle of Wood Green at 40 festival marks the time when anti-fascists asserted their disapproval of a march of the National Front.
On April 23 1977 several thousand fascists had planned to march from Ducketts Common opposite Turnpike Lane underground station down Wood Green's main shopping street.
Adolf Hitler's birthday was on April 20.
Keith Flett, member of Haringey Trade Union Congress and organisers of the event, said: "The Battle of Wood Green was the first of a series of confrontations with fascist elements during that period in history, most notably in Lewisham.
"I believe that it is important to mark the 40th anniversary of the Battle because it is still within living memory of those who were there.
"Overcoming the fascist march back then helped make Haringey the diverse multi-cultural community it is today.
"It is important to keep making progress and looking forward."
Planned speakers include Jeremy Corbyn, Catherine West and David Lammy.
Mr Corbyn was a trade union official and Labour councilor in Haringey back then and had called for the National Front march not to be permitted Anti-fascists, trade unionists and socialists united the stop their advance by sheer force of numbers, and some fighting did break out.
Following the Battle of Wood Green the Anti-Nazi League came into existence and the first Rock Against Racism music festival took place a year later in 1978.
Commemoration of the Battle of Wood Green's 40th Anniversary is at Ducketts Common on Sunday 23rd April from noon with speakers and entertainment.
A seminar on the Battle is at the Institute of Historical Research, Senate House, Malet Street, WC1 and is free.
Those with memories of the events in Wood Green in 1977 are most welcome.


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Doctoral Researcher
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Collewaert V. Boros S. Mitteness C. Imhof Z.
2015. You Never Get a Second Chance to Make a First Impression: A Study on Entrepreneurial Pitches. Paper presented at Babson Kauffman Entrepreneurship Research Conference, June 10-13, Babson Park, United States.
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2016. Rising star monitor: providing insight into remuneration and founding team composition of young, high-potential Belgian ventures. Vlerick Business School. (28 p.)
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'American Idol' Season 15 finalist tour canceled
When the American Idol finale airs next week, it really will be the final "moment like this" for fans. The show is forgoing the tradition of having a finalist tour.
"The American Idol Live tour has historically been an integral part of celebrating the seasons' contestants and also garnering excitement for summer auditions for the upcoming season," Core Media told ET in a statement. "This year's Idol finale celebrates the past 15 seasons, the amazingly talented participants, and the millions of fans who've helped make American Idol the legendary program and brand it is today. It will be so memorable and meaningful and we've chosen to end it on that note."
Finalists from the past 14 seasons have all participated in the annual tours, traveling around the country and performing their most memorable covers from the show. One of this season's finalists isn't upset by the lack of tour.
Mackenzie Bourg, who was eliminated in Wednesday night's episode, told ET that he views the canceled tour as an opportunity.
"I think it's gonna be, in a sense, great, because you can spend more time working on an album and putting the music out," Bourg, who also competed on The Voice, told ET. "The tour is amazing for fans of the show, but I don't know if it's great for the actual artists. Now you can focus on being an artist first and that's what I am."
Read more on FOX NEWS.


text:
Roland UA-55 Quad-Capture USB 2.0 Audio Interface
With a pair of premium VS Preamps onboard, plus superb 24-bit/192 kHz audio quality, ultra-low latency performance, and convenient USB bus power, QUAD-CAPTURE sets a new standard for portable USB 2.0 audio interfaces. Its compact, durable design and pristine sound makes it the perfect foundation for portable, multichannel computer-based productions on the go. With quality and performance that far exceeds its size and price, QUAD-CAPTURE stands at the head of its class.
VS Preamps
QUAD-CAPTURE boasts two premium-grade, digitally controlled mic preamps (VS Preamps) made from the same high-grade components as the preamps found in Roland's V-Studio 700 and M-400 digital mixer. Two XLR/TRS combo inputs are provided for the preamps, plus independent phantom power, low-cut filter, phase invert, and digital compression for each channel. The VS preamps can be controlled easily and intuitively with the included graphical Control Panel software (Mac/PC).
One-Click AUTO-SENS
Never before has it been faster or easier to set perfect input levels—simply activate the AUTO-SENS feature with the push of a button, play your connected instruments, and QUAD-CAPTURE automatically sets the ideal recording level for each input. Whether you're a beginner or a professional, AUTO-SENS is great for quick, fail-safe recordings, saving you setup time and letting you focus on where it starts... the performance.
VS Streaming
QUAD-CAPTURE offers incredible stability and industry-leading low-latency USB performance via Roland's proprietary VS Streaming technology. All current Mac and PC DAW platforms are supported through ASIO 2.0/WDM (Windows) and Core Audio (Mac).
Low-Noise Power Supply
One of QUAD-CAPTURE's key "behind-the-scenes" features is its low-noise, wide-ranging power supply. Designed to deliver a clean, balanced input and output, it provides a reliable foundation for any professional audio application or environment. When driven by the USB bus power supply, QUAD-CAPTURE's power is regenerated, providing the analog circuitry ideal voltage for the very best sound quality and efficiency in mobile environments.
Aluminum Build, DI Functionality
QUAD-CAPTURE is small, strong, and housed in a road-tough aluminum body, so you can transport it anywhere with the confidence that its premium internal components are securely protected. For live-concert environments, QUAD-CAPTURE also provides Direct-Box (DI) functionality, essential for noise-free live stage use.
- Two combo XLR/TRS inputs with premium mic preamps (VS Preamps), two TRS outputs, coaxial I/O, headphone out, and MIDI I/O
- Graphical Control Panel software provides fast, intuitive control of the VS Preamps
- Phantom power, ground lift, and Hi-Z switches
- One-click AUTO-SENS function intelligently sets optimal input levels for the preamps
- Extreme low-latency VS Streaming driver
- Low-noise, wide-range power supply
- Compact with durable aluminum body and Direct Box functionality
Video Content
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Orders of items that are in stock placed before 2:00pm weekdays will be dispatched same day, weekend orders will ship Monday, all on a next working day service. If you need your item delivered on a specific day, you can leave a comment in the box at the checkout and we'll take it from there. Please note items shipping from our Aberdeen store may require a 2 day shipping service.
Once your order has been arranged for collection with our courier (DPD), you'll receive a tracking number and you'll also receive a one hour delivery window for when your shipment will arrive, no more waiting in all day.
Our stock system works in such a way that as soon as something is sold in store, it is no longer available online. You can buy with confidence knowing that your purchase is yours.
We know that sometimes making sure you're in for a delivery can be a pain, so you can specify a different shipping address at the checkout (just make sure your billing address matches your payment card!).
If you have simply changed your mind and wish to return your item, let us know within 14 days and we'll arrange the return and refund with you. All returns are subject to Kenny's Music returns policy.
If you have any questions relating to your order or anything in general, give us a call on 01383 733353, or get in touch using our contact form


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Breast Surgery
In my 28 years of practice, I have performed more than 3,000 breast augmentation procedures using a variety of breast implants including saline breast implants and silicone breast implants designed to fit the needs of my patients.
I perform all breast surgeries in the comfort and convenience of my own AAAASF accredited, state-of-the-art surgical center located in my Peabody, MA office. I feel this give patients a greater level of comfort, care, convenience, and privacy than is possible in a hospital setting. I also maintain privileges at several area hospitals.
In addition to breast augmentation, I also perform the following breast surgeries


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"The day centre caters for everything"
About: Stronach Day Service Stronach Day Service Isle of Arran KA27 8HF
Posted by glencloy (as ),
I love being here. It's nice to have someone else to talk to and I know so many people here.
I like:
- The atmosphere; it's natural and hospitable, like chatting over the garden wall
- The people; the staff are helpful and I like their personalities and their willingness. They are always watching and keeping an eye on us. They are there if you need help, like when I wasn't well.
- What we do; we split into groups and do quizzes which I enjoy or we sit and have general conversation. I just enjoy chatting to people.
- The food; it's very good
I think this place caters for everything. I couldn't do without this place, it's just as I like it
Response from Tony Fisher, Team Manager, North Ayrshire Council nearly 2 years ago
Dear glencloy,
Many thanks for taking the time to share your thoughts on the services that you receive when you attend the new day service at Stronach on the Isle of Arran.
As you would imagine, it is very reassuring for us to hear that the level of service provision is effective in meeting the needs of service users and I will ensure that your kind and positive comments are shared with the team at Stronach Day Services.
The new centre was designed very much in consultation with the people who use the service and I am glad to hear positive stories concerning the service.
Once again, many thanks for getting in touch with us.
Best Wishes
Anthony Fisher
Team Manager
- {{helpful}} {{helpful == 1 ? "person thinks" : "people think"}} this response is helpful
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text:
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|Radiographic changes: bone union. Respiratory depression, and poor response to identify synchronous tumours. Interposition: a patient's consultation.


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509 E LINTON ST, Viroqua WI 54665-0000 Sold for $45,500 on 07/29/2016
Features of 509 E LINTON ST Viroqua WI 54665-0000
- Single Family Home
- Status: Sold
- 1 Bedrooms
- 2 Full Bathrooms
- Est. Square Footage: 600
- Est. Above Grade Sq Ft: 600
- Garage Size: 1.0
- Garage Type: Detached
- Est. Year Built: 1950
- School District: Viroqua Area
- County: Vernon
- Postal Municipality: Viroqua
- Listing Company: New Directions Real Estate
- Price/SqFt: $76
Property Description for 509 E LINTON ST Viroqua WI 54665-0000
509 E LINTON ST Viroqua WI 54665-0000 - WELL MAINTAINED HOME WITH INVESTMENT OR EQUITY POTENTIAL IN A GOOD LOCATION. THIS HOME COMFORMS AS A ONE BEDROOM, BUT HAS BEEN USED AS A TWO BEDROOM. FUNCTIONAL LAYOUT WITH A GREAT KITCHEN AND DINING NOOK. CLEAN BASEMENT WITH A BATHROOM AND LAUNDRY. ALL APPLIANCES INCLUDED. SELLER IS PREPARED TO SELL NOW AND WAS ABOUT TO START A RESIDING PROJECT. ALL OF THE VINYL SIDING IS ON SITE AND IS INCLUDED IN THIS SALE PRICE. THE GARAGE IS OVERSIZED AND THE BACKYARD SPACE IS PRIVATE WITH SHADE TOO. DON'T MISS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO SNAG A GOOD BUY HERE!
Room Dimensions for 509 E LINTON ST Viroqua WI 54665-0000
- Master BR: 12.0 x 8.0
- Kitchen: 11.0 x 13.0
- Living Rm: 12.0 x 13.0
- Other Rm: 9.0 x 9.0
- Full Baths: 1
- Laundry Rm: 10.0 x 8.0
- Full Baths: 1
Other rooms
- Full, Partial Finished Storage Shed
Interior Features
- Heating/Cooling: Electric
- Water Waste: Municipal Sewer, Municipal Water
- Appliances Included: Dryer, Microwave, Other, Oven/Range, Refrigerator, Washer
Building and Construction
- 1 Story Bungalow
Land Features
- Waterfront/Access: N
|MLS Number
|New Status
|Previous Status
|Activity Date
|New List Price
|Previous List Price
|Sold Price
|Aug 4 2016 5:18PM
|Jun 27 2016 5:02PM
Estimated Monthly Payment
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Community Homes Near 509 E LINTON ST
Buyer understands that the information which is contained on Data pages is obtained from a number of different sources and which has not been independently verified or confirmed by the various real estate brokers and agents who have been and are involved in this transaction. If any particular measurement or data element is important or material to buyer, Buyer assumes all responsibility and liability to research, verify and confirm said data element and measurement. REALTOR *MLS* Equal Housing Opportunity


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You have no items in your shopping basket.
Enhance your child's bed and make it extra special by adding their name to the footboard. They'll adore this personal touch and will treasure it for years to come. You'll fall head over heels with the high quality and craftsmanship as well as the divine paint colours you can select to make your own super-special bed.


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A double stabbing that took place early Sunday morning in Mississauga has sent two victims to hospital.
The incident occurred at around 3 a.m. near Dixie Road and Matheson Boulevard, just south of Highway 401. Peel paramedics confirmed two victims were found in the area.
Peel police say a man and a woman were attacked while getting into a car near Aimco Boulevard, adding they were found at a second scene.
Police say they do not believe this was a random attack and the pair was likely targeted.
Paramedics say a 30-year-old man was transported to Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto with stab wounds to his face and neck while a woman in her mid 20s was sent to a local area hospital with minor injuries.
Both victims were transported in stable condition and are expected to survive, according to paramedics. Police say at least one of the victims was in serious condition.
Police say they are looking for two males in relation to the incident. One is believed to be dark-skinned with braids and a hoodie. There are no details on the second person sought by authorities.
Police are investigating and asking anyone with information to contact them at 905-453-3311 or Crime Stoppers anonymously at (416) 222-8477.
To encourage thoughtful and respectful conversations, first and last names will appear with each submission to CBC/Radio-Canada's online communities (except in children and youth-oriented communities). Pseudonyms will no longer be permitted.
By submitting a comment, you accept that CBC has the right to reproduce and publish that comment in whole or in part, in any manner CBC chooses. Please note that CBC does not endorse the opinions expressed in comments. Comments on this story are moderated according to our Submission Guidelines. Comments are welcome while open. We reserve the right to close comments at any time.
Note: The CBC does not necessarily endorse any of the views posted. By submitting your comments, you acknowledge that CBC has the right to reproduce, broadcast and publicize those comments or any part thereof in any manner whatsoever. Please note that comments are moderated and published according to our submission guidelines.


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Wanton red haired teen Alice Green takes rest after hard interracial fuck
Description:Long and sandy haired lusty chick with flat tits looks happy.Some time ago she enjoyed blowing monstrous black dick...Take a look at that happy harlot in Dog Fart Network sex clip!
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text:
Last Tour
Steve Lacy - soprano saxophone
Irene Aebi - voice
George Lewis - trombone
Jean-Jaques Avenel - double bass
John Betsch - drums
After a long tour of North America, this quintet concluded by playing two concerts in Boston - most of the first one being included here. The material is five of the Beat poems sung by Irene Aebi, plus three instrumentals, including one (Baghdad) that has not been on record before as it had only just been written. After a lot of working together, this group was really both loose and together with everybody playing magnificently. Even Lacy plays superbly, so there is no need to make any allowances for his ill health. In fact, the evening sounds like a very enjoyable occasion, making this CD one of the best of the quintet's latter recordings - an appropriate farewell to a major musician. 79 minutes.
Excerpts from sleeve notes:
The last tour by this quintet started in the middle of 2003 with a week at Iridium in New York City. It continued with three or four batches of gigs in several locations around North America and ended with two concerts (and a party at home) in Boston, where Steve Lacy and Irene Aebi were then living. All but one piece from the first of these two concerts has been selected for this release, as technical problems marred parts of the following day's set. The music presented here is unedited and in the order of performance.
Also in the summer of 2003, there was an unexpected and most unwelcome bombshell – Lacy was diagnosed with terminal cancer. However he continued to make superb music. There is absolutely no need to use this 'death sentence' to excuse his subsequent work. On the contrary, the later recordings that have been released show him playing at the top of his form. The issues from the latter half of that year, namely his last solo concert, recorded in Zürich (issued as NOVEMBER on Intakt), and his last studio session, recorded in London with the Hans Koller big band (issued as LONDON EAR on 33 Records), have both rightly been very highly acclaimed. Now, here is another fine example of his work, from the following March.
This quintet was initially assembled to perform THE BEAT SUITE in 2001 (on Sunnyside), and studio versions of some of the compositions included in this concert can be heard in that earlier collection. The musicians Lacy chose are all ones he had worked with for some time in other combinations, so they were very relaxed together and they all played superbly on this tour, sounding as though they were really having a ball. The only new tune not on record before is Baghdad, which was written the previous year after the wanton decimation of Iraq by a gang of war criminals who still have not been brought to justice. On the other hand, the oldest composition in the programme is another purely instrumental tune, Blinks, which dates back to 1977.
For this concert, Lacy did two atypical things: he arranged to have the proceedings recorded professionally, and he recited the poems before each piece as well as making some substantial announcements. The occasion sounds very joyous, with all the musicians in good spirits and on top form. The following week, Lacy returned to the Iridium to play what turned out to be his last public engagement – this time in his group called Monksiland with Avenel, Betsch, Dave Douglas and Roswell Rudd. Unbelievably, three months later the leader was to be heard no more.
At the start of his recording career some 50 years earlier, Lacy played jazz in tempo, strictly on the changes. By the mid-1960s, after several encounters with free jazz pioneers, he eventually immersed himself exclusively in free improvisation 'for a minute. (as he would say). The later 1960s found him starting to create an enormous collection of compositions, some of which involved a return to playing on the changes and/or in tempo. The music on this last tour, which finds the band both in tempo and on changes, could thus seem to be a return to certain aspects of his beginnings.
However there are differences, such as the use of some of the freer phrasing that he had absorbed and/or invented on his adventurous journey – none of his findings were completely forgotten. Another distinction from most jazz is his setting to music of a wide range of poetry from various parts of the world (rather than use the Great American Song Book or the blues), sung by a singer much more influenced by European musics than by jazz. The beat poets whose work is heard here were strongly turned on by jazz, but Lacy's settings are a rare example of jazz being influenced by them.
Lacy made a lot of records after the mid 1970s, and yet many of his compositions remain unrecorded – some are even unperformed. This previously unissued recording is a reminder that with the death of Steve Lacy the world lost a great musician, superlative both as a performer and as a composer. But, while the musician has gone, we still have the music, and his musical genius remains alive in it. This effervescent concert must surely be considered to be one of Lacy's high points. Listen and enjoy it.
As well as dedicating this release to the memory of Steve Lacy, it is also dedicated to the memory to two of his staunch collaborators and/or supporters – Jean-Jacques Avenel and Gilles Laheurte – both of whom died in 2014.


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Worry-free winter driving
Here are four helpful hints for stress-free winter driving:
1 – Give your vehicle a maintenance check-up
Do you prepare your home for winter? Your vehicle deserves the same attention—some basic maintenance is a good idea before the temperatures start to drop. Here are a few things to check:
- Windshield wipers, and the heating and defrosting system
- Windshield washer fluid and antifreeze
- Motor oil and transmission fluid
- Tires, including the spare
- Electrical and ignition systems, lights, turn signal indicators, etc.
2 – Adjust your driving and take certain precautions
In the winter, it's important to adjust your driving to weather and road conditions, especially by reducing your speed. Taking certain precautions before getting behind the wheel is also smart.
- Make sure your vehicle is well equipped. From December 15 to March 15, all vehicles registered in Québec must be equipped with winter tires—otherwise, the fine can be as high as $3001 plus costs.
- Remove any snow from your vehicle before heading out, and clean off your windshield, windows and lights.
- Keep a greater distance between you and the vehicle in front of you, so you have more time to react—just in case.
- Always keep your gas tank at least half full.
- Tired? Terrible weather conditions? Deciding not to hit the road is sometimes the smartest option!
3 – Enjoy roadside assistance from Intact Insurance
A flat tire, a dead battery, keys locked inside the car—who hasn't at least once had this type of mishap, the kind that rarely happens in front of a mechanic's!
"What, me worry?" will be your new motto thanks to the roadside assistance program from Intact Insurance,2 which provides:
- Four service calls per year, including towing, jumpstarting batteries, unlocking car doors, changing tires, and delivering gas
- A 50-km towing radius
- Service available 24/7 across Canada and the U.S.
- Attractive à la carte rate of just $3 per month
4 – Talk to your broker
Even the most careful driver can experience bad luck, and that's where good insurance coverage comes in. If you'd like to sign up for roadside assistance, check that your vehicle is adequately covered, or just learn more about your auto insurance, talk to your broker today. They'll be happy to give you all the information you need and help you find the insurance that's right for you.
Safe driving!
1 https://saaq.gouv.qc.ca/en/road-safety/behaviours/adapting-your-driving/winter-driving/
2 Certain conditions, limitations and exclusions apply. Roadside assistance services are provided by an independent third party to customers whose policy includes Insurance for Roadside Assistance Costs, available for $35 per year. Speak to your insurance broker for conditions and details. © 2016 Intact Insurance Company. All rights reserved.
Working with a broker - A winning strategy
A certified insurance professional who's attentive to your needs and committed to providing the best possible service—an insurance broker is all this and more!Read the article
Choosing the right fireplace
With winter fast approaching and more options than ever, picking the right fireplace can prove quite challenging. Here are a few pointers to help you make an informed choice.Read the article


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Template >> Flyer - Big set of flyer templates 177215 by VectorShop @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 85.56 MB; Vector: Yes.
Big set of 96 flyer templates with blurry backgrounds. Abstract vector illustrations.
Set contains.
- 16 vectors (10EPS) with 6 templates in each;
- 16 JPEG's (4724*4724) for preview.
Keywords: background, book, booklet, brochure, business, card, catalog, design, document, flyer, layout, magazine, mockup, paper, poster, presentation, print, blurred, blur, blurry.


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Toyota of Puyallup
Review for Toyota of Puyallup
LIZ M. on 04/16/2016
"Veh check-up, oil change, clutch rod adjusted"
Always great service. Very knowledgeable and willing to help.
Vehicle: TOYOTA TACOMA
Category: Service
Service Date: 04/15/2016
Review Created: 04/16/2016 03:05 PM
Kerry S., President & General Manager at Toyota of Puyallup responded on 04/18/2016
We appreciate your business, Liz. Thank you for the 5 star rating!
President & General Manager
Toyota of Puyallup


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Like all A-Z books, this one illustrates the alphabet - but instead of "A is for apple", A is for Angela - as in Angela Davis, the iconic political activist. B is for Billie Jean King, who shattered the glass ceiling of sports; C is for Carol Burnett, who defied assumptions about women in comedy; D is for Dolores Huerta, who organized farmworkers; and E is for Ella Baker, who mentored Dr. Martin Luther King and helped shape the civil rights movement.
And the list of great women continues, spanning several centuries, multiple professions, and 26 diverse individuals. There are artists and abolitionists, scientists and suffragettes, rock stars and rabble-rousers, and agents of change of all kinds. The book includes an introduction that discusses what it means to be rad and radical, an afterword with 26 suggestions for how you can be rad, and a resource guide with ideas for further learning and reading.
American history was made by countless rad - and often radical - women. By offering a fresh and diverse array of female role models, we can remind listeners that there are many places to find inspiration and that being smart and strong and brave is rad.
Rad American Women will be appreciated by various age groups. It is Common Core-aligned for students grades three to eight. Preschool and young children will be captured by the bright visuals and easily modified texts while the subject matter will stimulate and inspire high schoolers and beyond.
"This is not a book. This is a guest list for a party of my heroes. Thank you for inviting us." (Lemony Snicket, author of the A Series of Unfortunate Events books)
"I feel honored to be included in this book. Women need to take radical steps to become feminists, and to be strong to fight for their rights and those of others facing oppression and discrimination. The world needs rad women to create a just society." (Dolores Huerta, labor leader, civil rights activist)
"It's almost always with a chuckle that I view a cartoon image of myself. But to see cartoon-me positioned (alphabetically) amongst so many of my women heroes and role models...well, I just broke down and cried. Happy tears. I surely hope that this one-of-a-kind collection of radical American women reaches the hands of all children who want to grow up and become amazing women." (Kate Bornstein, author of My New Gender Workbook)
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Rad book
- true britty
Dynamite Hit of Inspiration
- Susie


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Jenson Button: I'm treating this as my last ever race
Jenson Button expects the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix to be his last in Formula One as he prepares to bring the curtain down on his world championship-winning career this weekend.
Button, who has competed in more than 300 races following 17 consecutive seasons in the sport, will not be on the grid next year.
His decision to stand down from McLaren - with Stoffel Vandoorne replacing Button next year - had been sold as a sabbatical.
And while McLaren still have an option to bring Button back into the fold in 2018, yesterday the Briton sounded like a man who is ready to call time on his glittering career.
"I go into this weekend thinking it is going to be my last race, and I think that is the best way to be," said Button ahead of the season finale at the Yas Marina Circuit.
"At this moment in time I do not want to be racing in Formula One past this race. I think of this as my last race and hopefully everybody else does as well. I don't want to go into this race and think it's not my last, and it is.
"It is true that I have a contract for 2018 but at this moment in time I don't want to be racing in 2018."
In his new ambassadorial role with McLaren, Button will attend some of the grands prix next season as back-up to Vandoorne and Fernando Alonso, but his definitive plans are unclear.
He has been earmarked as a pundit, while he stressed he is keen to take part in more triathlons. A career in rallycross, once pursued by his late father John Button, is also an option.
"The whole idea about having a contract was that in three months' time, when I've eaten myself stupid and am thinking of things to do in the future, and feel I need Formula One back in my life, but at this moment in time that isn't the case," Button added.
"So this is my last race and that's the way I think about it at the moment. But who knows? That could change in six months, eight months, one year."
Button began his career at Williams in 2000 before spells with Renault, BAR and then Honda. The Japanese manufacturer quit the sport at the end of 2008, leaving Button without a drive, but a consortium led by Ross Brawn took over the team and, in one of sport's most remarkable fairytales, Button claimed the world title the following season, Brawn winning the constructors' championship.
"That was a very memorable year in my life and in the future it is something I will tell my grandkids about," Button added.
"I came from nothing and we ended up winning the world championship. I will step away from Formula One happy with what I have achieved."
Belfast Telegraph


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Transformation Driving is all about transforming learners into drivers. We are passionate about teaching correct techniques and providing you with the opportunity to learn, where it is our duty of care to keep you as safe as possible until you learn how to do it for yourself. We cannot control what others do on the road, however we can hopefully minimise possible risks through teaching defensive and evasive techniques, how to recognise hazards and becoming alert and aware of your surroundings, to name a few. This is what defines the difference between being a legal driver and a safe driver. There is a very serious aspect to driving…even deadly, however, driving and learning to drive can also be a whole lot of fun. Our trainers love to drive, and love to pass on their passion to others.
We offer and provide:
Our Automatic and Manual Instructors have been able to offer extra support to our students as they work together in your best interest. This is an extra benefit that we offer which has been valued by past students and parents alike.
Our instructors are always keeping abreast of changes, including implementation of new laws, implications to face when you do not abide by the law such as demerit points incurred and cost of fines. We also seek out new techniques of teaching to be able to provide you with the best possible learning opportunities. If we are asked something that we are unsure of, we will find out. As much as this is a learning opportunity for our students, it is an ongoing learning opportunity for us too.
We provide services to Brisbane Northside 6 days a week. Please click here for a list of the suburbs we service.


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Welcome to ResourceWeb, an area specifically designed for Camp Ambassadors and Congregational Professionals. You'll find resources to help promote camp in your congregation and ways to get involved in the Eisner and Crane Lake Camp community. Email firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any suggestions for this area. If you would like to share your ideas with other Ambassadors or ask questions, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.
CONSECRATION PROGRAM - $200 Discount for First-Time Families
We are sending you 20 Gift Certificates for your consecration program. Any camper who is consecrated can use the certificate for $200 off of their first summer at Eisner, Crane Lake or 6 Points Sci-Tech Academy! This $200 can also be combined with the OneHappyCamper.org incentive grant, so campers can get up to $1200 off their first summer at camp. Need more than 20 certificates? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com or request more when you are scheduling your presentation. All we ask in return is that you speak from the bima at consecration about the importance of camp!
October 13-15, 2017. Campers in grades 2-5 can experience all the fun and ruach of camp! Campers will sleep in Eisner's heated cabins and spend time at both Eisner and Crane Lake. Campers will even have a chance to do some science activities to get a little taste of 6 Points Sci-Tech! Parents have the opportunity to tour Eisner and Crane Lake during the weekend as well. The price for the weekend is $200, and if the camper is registered for camp by January 1, 2018, $100 will go towards the camper's summer tuition. Last year a number of congregations sponsored their campers to join for the weekend. Let us know if you'd like to partner and cover the cost for your campers to attend! Remember, if they sign up for camp by January 1, $100 goes toward their summer tuition! Get more information and register here.
Quick Links
- Consecration Certificate Program Packet
- Watch Our Video Online
- Explore Eisner's Retreat Center for your Congregation's Program
- Sign Up to Receive Camp Materials for Your Purim Celebration!
- Eisner, Crane Lake, Sci-Tech Bulletin Ad 2017-2018 - Full Color
- Eisner, Crane Lake, Sci-Tech Bulletin Ad 2017-2018 - Black & White
- New Camper Weekend Ad for Summer 2018 - Full Color
- New Camper Weekend Ad for Summer 2018 - Black & White
- Heller-Wexler Family Camp Series Ad 2017-2018 - Full Color
- Heller-Wexler Family Camp Series Ad 2017-2018 - Black & White