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Monitoring immune function using molecular imaging could significantly impact the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of immunological disorders and therapeutic immune responses. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging modality with applications in cancer and other diseases. PET studies of immune function have been limited by a lack of specialized probes. We identified [18F]FAC (1-(2′-deoxy-2′-[18F]fluoroarabinofuranosyl) cytosine) by differential screening as a new PET probe for the deoxyribonucleotide salvage pathway. [18F]FAC enabled visualization of lymphoid organs and was sensitive to localized immune activation in a mouse model of anti-tumor immunity. [18F]FAC microPET also detected early changes in lymphoid mass in systemic autoimmunity and allowed evaluation of immunosuppressive therapy. These data support the use of [18F]FAC PET for immune monitoring and suggest a wide range of clinical applications in immune disorders and in certain types of cancer.
Imaging the immune system in living subjects can define the spatiotemporal programming of innate and adaptive immunity. PET enables noninvasive, quantitative and tomographic assays of biological processes using molecular probes labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes 1. Studies in mice showed that PET is useful to visualize immune responses. Anti-tumor T cell responses can be monitored by PET reporter gene imaging 2–6. Using a mouse model of autoimmune demyelination we showed that 18Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)1 PET allows imaging of disease onset and of immunosuppressive therapy 7. However, [18F]FDG accumulation in tissues like heart, brain and liver suggests the need for new PET probes with distinct biodistribution patterns. To develop such probes, we focused on the salvage pathway for DNA synthesis in which deoxyribonucleosides are converted to nucleotides by phosphorylation catalyzed by deoxyribonucleoside kinases (reviewed in 8). While most tissues predominantly utilize the de novo pathway for DNA synthesis, lymphoid organs and rapidly proliferating tissues rely extensively on the salvage pathway 9. To identify novel probes for the salvage pathway we: (i), in vitro screened nucleoside analogs for differential retention in proliferating and quiescent T cells; (ii), identified FAC, a new PET probe candidate with increased accumulation in proliferating T cells; (iii), performed gene expression and biochemical analyses to investigate the mechanism(s) of elevated FAC retention; (iv), radiochemically synthesized [18F]FAC for in vivo biodistribution studies; (v), compared [18F]FAC with PET probes currently used to measure nucleoside metabolism and glycolysis; and (vi), evaluated [18F]FAC in mouse models of immune activation. Similar strategies are broadly applicable to the development of new PET probes with specificity for various biochemical pathways and/or immune cell lineages. Our findings provide the impetus for clinical evaluation of [18F]FAC PET imaging in immune disorders and other diseases.
We measured the retention of [3H]-labeled deoxyribonucleoside analogs (NAs) in resting vs. proliferating primary CD8+T cells. Selection criteria for NAs accounted for the propensity of fluorine substitutions to change the biochemical properties of nucleosides (reviewed in 10). Since fluorination at C-4′ is incompatible with 18F labeling and fluorination at C-5′ would prevent phosphorylation by nucleoside kinases, we tested only NAs containing 'cold' fluorine (19F) atom(s) substitutions at C-2′ or 3′ on the sugar moiety or at position 5 of the nucleobase (Supplementary Fig. 1 online). Fig. 1a shows a wide variation in NAs retention by quiescent and proliferating CD8+ T cells. While 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC) (Fig. 1b) showed the best selectivity for proliferating cells, synthesis of 18F-labeled dFdC would be challenging. Precursors for [18F]dFdC are likely to be unstable because of the presence of the electronegative fluorine atom and an excellent leaving group at the C-2′ position. This and the need for large mass of precursor materials limit the specific activity of [18F]dFdC. To circumvent this problem we synthesized 18F labeled monofluorinated analogs of dFdC (Supplementary Fig. 2 online). Relative to the stereochemical configurations of the C-2′ fluorine atom (Fig. 1b), the F-ara ('up') analogs retain biological activity while the C-2′ ribo ('down') compounds are inactive (reviewed in 10). Indeed, similar amounts of the F-ara analog 1-(2- deoxy-2-fluoro-arabinofuranosyl)-cytosine (FAC) (Fig. 1b) and dFdC were retained in proliferating CD8+ T cells (Fig. 1c). FAC retention in dividing T cells could reflect any one or combination of several biochemical events: (i), upregulation of nucleoside transporters; (ii), elevated phosphorylation by deoxyribonucleoside kinases; and, (iii), increased incorporation into the DNA. To determine expression of nucleoside transporters and kinases potentially involved in FAC retention we performed microarray and qPCR analyses. 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd) analogs are transported by members of the solute carrier (SLC) families SLC28 (reviewed in 11) and SLC29 (reviewed in 12). Slc29a1 expression was upregulated by ~4-fold in proliferating T cells vs. quiescent T cells while Slc28a1 and Slc28a3 11 were not expressed (data not shown). Intracellular FAC could be phosphorylated and trapped by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK, Kcat/Km for dCyd = 2 × 105) and by thymidine kinase 2 (TK2, Kcat/Km for dCyd = 3 x 104) (reviewed in 13). Following T cell activation, dCK mRNA levels increased by ~2-fold whereas TK2 expression decreased by ~5-fold (data not shown). Since SLC29A1 and dCK were previously involved in the metabolism of dFdC 14,15, we further analyzed their role by overexpressing them in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1, Kcat/Km for dCyd <1 × 102 13) was used as a negative control. [3H]FAC retention increased in both dCKHIGH and SLC29A1HIGH cells but not in TK1HIGH cells which only accumulated [3H]fluorothymidine (FLT) (Fig. 1d). To determine whether retention could also reflect DNA incorporation, T cells were activated for 72 hrs and then incubated for 1 to 8 hrs with [3H]FAC. The accumulation of [3H]FAC and [3H]dCyd (positive control) into DNA increased as a function of time (Fig. 1e).
Radiochemical synthesis of [18F]FAC (Supplementary Fig. 2 online) reproducibly yielded a product with chemical and radiochemical purities greater than 99% and specific activity greater than 1 Ci/μmol. HPLC analysis of [18F]FAC up to 10 hrs post radiochemical synthesis did not detect products of radiolysis. Biodistribution, metabolism and clearance of [18F]FAC were studied in C57/BL6 mice. Tissue decay-corrected mean time-activity curves from dynamic [18F]FAC microPET/CT scans (Supplementary Fig. 3a online) suggested that [18F]FAC was predominantly cleared through kidney and liver (Supplementary Fig. 3a,b online). Imaging data were corroborated with radioactivity measurements in necropsy tissue samples (Supplementary Fig. 3c online) and with digital whole-body autoradiography (DWBA) (Fig. 2a). One hour after injection of [18F]FAC, accumulated radioactivity was detected in thymus, spleen, intestine, bone/bone-marrow and liver. Similar to other deoxycytidine analogs, FAC is susceptible to deamination in vivo 16 (Supplementary Fig. 4 online). Two lines of evidence suggest that the tissue accumulation of [18F]FAC is primarily regulated by dCK-mediated phosphorylation rather than by deamination. First, [18F]FAC and its phosphorylated derivatives was detected by HPLC analyses of thymic extracts. Second, biodistribution data indicated preferential retention of [18F]FAC in tissues with high dCK mRNA expression 13. While further studies are required to precisely define biochemical mechanism(s) of retention, our data suggested that [18F]FAC enables visualization of cells with high deoxyribonucleoside salvage 9 such as lymphocytes, bone-marrow cells and enterocytes.
Compared with probes for nucleoside metabolism ([18F]FLT 17 and [18F]D-FMAU 18) and glycolysis ([18F]FDG), [18F]FAC had a distinct biodistribution pattern (Fig. 2c, Table 1, Supplementary Fig. 5 online). [18F]FLT and [18F]D-FMAU showed no detectable accumulation in thymus and spleen while myocardial retention of [18F]FDG interferes with the thymus signal. To examine the cell lineage specificity of [18F]FAC resident populations from thymus and spleen were sorted using flow cytometry. While rapidly dividing double negative thymocytes had the highest retention of radioactivity, [18F]FAC also labeled peripheral T and B lymphocytes as well as CD11b+ myeloid cells (Fig. 2d,e).
To determine whether [18F]FAC is sensitive to localized immune activation we used a onco-retrovirus tumor model 19 characterized by T cell priming by strong xenoantigens encoded by the gag and env genes of the Moloney murine sarcoma and leukemia virus complex (MoMSV). As shown using conventional ex vivo approaches 20 and PET reporter gene imaging 3,6, non-metastatic MoMSV induced sarcomas are rejected in a T-cell dependent manner with reproducible kinetics. [18F]FAC scans at the peak of the anti-tumor immune response (Day 15) Fig. 3a,b, Supplementary Fig. 6 online) indicated increased accumulation in the spleen and tumor draining lymph nodes (DLNs) relative to Day -1 baseline scans. We then examined whether elevated retention of [18F]FAC at these sites reflects upregulated nucleoside salvage metabolism by activated CD8+ T cells. Splenic CD8+ T cells from mice injected with [18F]FAC were fractionated by flow cytometry into naïve (CD62LHIGH/CD44LOW) and effector populations (CD62LLOW/CD44HIGH). Effector CD8+ T cells retained ~4-fold more [18F]FAC than naïve T cells (Fig. 3c).
To compare [18F]FAC with other probes MoMSV-challenged mice were scanned on consecutive days with [18F]FAC, [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT. On Day 13 post virus challenge, [18F]FDG accumulation was increased at the tumor site, tumor DLNs and spleen (Fig. 3d and Supplementary Fig. 6 online). Tumor lesions accumulated high amounts of [18F]FDG: 8.2 ±4.2 percent injected dose of activity per gram of tissue (%ID/g) of tumor over background (defined as the contralateral muscle tissue). In contrast, [18F]FAC retention in the tumor was lower (1.9 ±0.3 %ID/g). Although additional studies are required to elucidate whether [18F]FAC retention in tumors is due to infiltrating immune cells, preferential accumulation in the tumor DLNs (4.14 ±1.5 %ID/g) vs. tumor (1.9 ±0.3 %ID/g) (Fig. 3a,d, Supplementary Fig. 6 online) suggested that [18F]FAC has good specificity for imaging immune rejection of virally-induced sarcomas. In contrast to [18F]FAC, [18F]FLT did not accumulate at sites of immune activation (Fig. 3e).
To determine whether [18F]FAC could allow monitoring of autoimmune disorders we used mice carrying the Faslpr mutation. Deficient apoptosis of Faslpr lymphocytes leads to lymphadenopathy, arthritis and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephrosis 21. We used B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice which show slower disease progression than the MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr strain 22. PET/CT scans of 2-3 month old B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice revealed increased numbers of [18F]FAC positive axillary and brachial lymph nodes (LNs) relative to age-matched wild type (WT) C57BL/6J controls (Fig. 4, Supplementary Fig. 7a online). [18F]FAC positive LNs could be detected in 2 of 19 WT mice, whereas 9 of 13 Faslpr/J mice showed signals indicative of lymphadenopathy. Quantification of [18F]FAC accumulation in LNs from Faslpr/J mice showed an excellent correlation between retained radioactivity and T cell numbers (Supplementary Fig. 7b online). To determine whether [18F]FAC microPET/CT could monitor therapy, B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice were given dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent immunosuppressive effects 23. DEX had a profound effect on [18F]FAC retention in thymus and LNs presumably reflecting the cytotoxic effects of this drug towards lymphocytes (Fig. 4, Supplementary Fig. 7a online).
[18F]FAC is a novel PET probe which allows visualization of thymus and spleen in mice and is sensitive to alterations in lymphoid mass and immune status. Current results and our previous [18F]FDG PET imaging study in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)7 indicate that [18F]FAC and [18F]FDG can be used to measure key metabolic pathways in immune cells. While these probes are not absolutely specific for immune cells, changes in their accumulation throughout the body could be indicative of "disease states" and could provide early biomarkers. Direct comparisons of [18F]FAC with [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT indicate that [18F]FAC has better selectivity for lymphoid organs such as thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. Potential disadvantages of [18F]FAC include its baseline retention in lymphoid organs which could hamper the detection of weak immune responses at these sites and relatively high retention in the small and large intestine.
Dysregulated nucleoside metabolism represents a hallmark of cancer and preliminary results indicate that [18F]FAC could be useful in oncology imaging. We evaluated [18F]FAC in several tumor models (Supplementary Fig. 8 online). Increased [18F]FAC retention in the spleen was observed in leukemia induced by transplantation of Bcr-Abl transformed Ba/F3 cells or bone marrow cells. [18F]FAC PET visualized tumors induced by murine B16 cells (representative of malignant melanoma) and human U87 cells (representative of glioma tumors). Future studies are warranted to directly compare [18F]FAC with [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT for detection of various cancers. Furthermore, [18F]FAC PET could enable prediction of tumor responses to a class of anticancer agents represented by structurally related prodrugs cytarabine (Ara-C) and 2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC, Gemcitabine). Similar to FAC retention, the activation of these widely used prodrugs requires uptake via similar nucleoside transporters and dCK-mediated phosphorylation (reviewed in 13).
In conclusion, [18F]FAC PET imaging could offer new insights for diagnostics and treatment monitoring of a wide range of disorders. Studies are underway to translate [18F]FAC PET imaging to the clinic and evaluate its potential for monitoring autoimmunity, inflammation and cancer.
The following tritium labeled nucleosides were purchased from Moravek Biochemicals (Brea, CA): 3′ Fluoro 3′ deoxythymidine (3′FLT); 2′ Fluoro 2′ deoxy-Thymidine (2′FLT); 1-(2-Deoxy-2-Fluoro-B-D-arabino-furanosyl)-5-methyluracil (D-FMAU); 1-(2-Deoxy-2-Fluoro-B-L-arabinofuranosyl) 5 methyluracil (L-FMAU); 2,3-dideoxy-3-fluorocytidine (3′FddC); (-)-β-2,3-Dideoxy-5-fluoro-3-thiacytidine (FTC); 5-Fluoro-2,3-dideoxycytidine (5FddC); 2′,2′-Difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC); 5-Fluoro-2′-Deoxycytidine (5FdC); 5-Fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5FdURD); 2′-Fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (2FdUrd); 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-B-D-arabinofuranosyl)-uracil (FAU); 2′-Fluoro-2′-deoxy5-Fluorouracil-β-D—arabino-furanoside (FFAU).
T lymphocytes from pmel-1 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice 24 were stimulated ex vivo using their cognate antigen (1 μM hgp10025–33) and cultured for 72 hrs. For radioactive tracer uptake assays, 1 μCi of [3H]FAC or [3H]dFdC were added to wells containing 5x104 cells in a 96-well tissue culture plate and incubated for 1 hr at 37oC and 5% CO2. The plate was washed five times with media containing 5% fetal calf serum using the Millipore Vacuum Manifold (Billerica, MA). The amount of incorporated probe was measured by scintillation counting using the PerkinElmer Microbeta (Waltham, MA). DNA incorporation assays using [3H]-labeled nucleosides were performed as previously described 25.
The radiochemical synthesis of [18F]FAC is described in Supplementary Fig. 2 online. The radiochemical synthesis of [18F]FDG 26, [18F]FLT 17, and [18F]D-FMAU 27 was performed as previously described.
Mice were kept warm under gas anesthesia (2% isoflurane) and injected with 200 μCi of various PET probes i.v. and allowed 1 hr uptake. Mice were then positioned using an imaging chamber. Data were acquired using Siemens Preclinical Solutions (Knoxville, TN) microPET Focus 220 and MicroCAT II CT systems. MicroPET data were acquired for 10 minutes and reconstructed using a statistical maximum a posteriori probability algorithm (MAP) 28 into multiple frames. The spatial resolution of PET is ~1.5 mm, 0.4 mm voxel size. CT images are a low dose 400 μm resolution acquisition with 200 μm voxel size. MicroPET and CT images were co-registered as previously described 29. Quantification was performed by drawing 3D regions of interest (ROI) using the AMIDE software 30. Color scale is proportional to tissue concentration with red being the highest and lower values in yellow, green & blue.
Mice used in these studies were bred and maintained according to the guidelines of the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine (DLAM) at the University of California, Los Angeles. The MoMSV sarcoma model was described previously 3. B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice used for systemic autoimmunity studies were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (stock number: 000482). Dexamethasone (DEX, 10 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injections in 100 μL PBS at 24 hr intervals for 2-7 days. Mice were scanned by microPET/CT 24 hr after the last injection.
Mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and were injected i.v. with 1mCi [18F]FAC. The DWBA was performed by using previously described methods 7. Frozen coronal whole body mouse sections (45 μm thick) were exposed overnight and were developed using a Fuji BAS 5000 Imager at 100 μm spatial resolution.
Graphs were constructed using GraphPad Prism software, version 4.02. P values were calculated using Student's t test. P values of <0.05 were considered significant. Data are presented as means ± standard errors of the mean (SEM).
We are grateful to D. Stout, W. Ladno and J. Edwards for microPET imaging, the chemists and cyclotron group for production of PET probes. We thank G. Toy, M. Riedinger, S. Quan, D. Chen, J. Wengrod, D. Goldstein and A. Tran for outstanding technical assistance. We thank J. Lee for the analysis of the microarray data, Helen Su for imaging the U87 tumors, J. Liu and C. Shen for help with biochemical analyses, Jami McLaughlin for providing leukemic animal models for imaging studies and J. Czernin, H. Herschman and A. Ribas for insightful discussions. We also thank B. Anderson for help with preparing the manuscript. O.N.W. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. C.G.R. was supported by In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Centers (ICMIC) Developmental Project Award NIH P50 CA86306 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, by a National Cancer Institute Grant No. 5U54 CA119347 and by a JDRF Award #17-2006-870 (O.N.W.). C.G.R. acknowledges unrestricted support from Merck Research Laboratories. C.J.S. was supported by a Fred Eiserling and Judith Lengyel Graduate Doctorate Fellowship. E.N.G. was supported by the MSTP program NIH Grant #T32 GM08042. This research was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-FG02-06ER64249 (M.E.P.) and by National Cancer Institute Grant R24CA92865.
Author contributions: C.G.R., C.J.S., E.N.G., N.S., J.R.B., M.E.P. and O.N.W. designed research; C.G.R., C.J.S., E.N.G., N.S. and S.M.S. performed research; C.G.R., C.J.S., E.N.G., N.S., S.M.S. and O.N.W. analyzed data; C.G.R., C.J.S and O.N.W. wrote the paper.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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With a network of over 400 leading adventure tour operators, Adventure.Travel features all of the destination information you need to plan your next trip. Browse nearly 100 activities in over 100 destinations, and get inspired to visit some of the most beautiful lands on earth.
Whether planning a trip to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, the largest protected wilderness on earth, or opting to eat your way through Juneau, there's no end to adventure in Alaska, America's last frontier.Explore
One of the biggest attractions of Poland is its wealth of natural beauty. It has been blessed with spectacular mountains, vibrant forests, sandy beaches and alluring lakes. Travelers keen on biking, hiking or kitesurfing will enjoy Poland.Explore
Switzerland is an adventure aficionado's paradise: Climb a number of the country's via ferratas and get lost in the grandeur of the Grindelwald Mountains.Explore
Namibia is home to rich cultural traditions, in a land where water meets the desert for an extreme confluence of the elements. Marvel at wildlife in Etosha National Park and watch antelope migrate on endless, cascading sands.Explore
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Just outside the big, popular, metropolitan hubs in California exists a wild part of the state few people know about. Rural regions full of Native American and gold history, a lost coast, volcanic bubbling, cracked desserts, and rural landscapes that feed the nation. Among all of that, there are ample adventures to be had and culinary delights to try.Explore
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Why do Baby Boomers get such a bad rap and why is the Greatest Generation up for canonization? A stirring and much-needed defense of the Baby Boomer legacy.
"Not so fast, Mr. Brokaw. They won World War II, but just what did your "greatest generation" do in the years after they returned home to end racial discrimination, diversify and democratize the campus and the workplace, extend political rights to women and gays, protect the environment, curb military adventurism and hold government accountable for its duplicity and mistakes?...Instead of reading doom into recent conservative political victories, Steinhorn sees them as the last gasps of a foiled generation that is dying out. He maintains that the best evidence that boomers have won the cultural war is that even the most conservative politicians have to cloak themselves in boomer rhetoric to survive. Whatever their private views, he says, they dare not be openly racist, sexist, homophobic or environmentally insensitive. (They have talk-show surrogates for that.).. While lauding the boomers, Steinhorn says they have more to do before they shuffle off into oblivion?continuing the fight for a better environment, promoting greater integration of races and cultures, defending and extending the particular interests of older women, insisting on more transparency from government and?not least?demanding suitable recognition for their own contributions."


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Pitau to seal Nice deal
By Patrick Haond
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
Pitau has emerged as one of the league's top players this season, and this had inevitably brought speculation that he would be targeted by a top club.
However, Pitau looks set to sign a new deal at the club on Thursday that will see his contract extended until 2006.
The 25-year-old rejoined Nice in 2001 from Creteil.
Meanwhile, the club are looking to bring in several players and coach Gernot Rohr is confident that talks are going well to permanently sign loan stars Jacques Abarnado, Damien Gregorini, Christophe Meslin and Yoann Bigne.
"We will find some money to keep the Rennes and Marseille players, said Rohr (pictured).
"I think, with around £2 million, we should be able to keep all four players."


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Daniel Salmieri
Photo: © Daniel Cochran
About the Author
Daniel Salmieri has illustrated many fantastic picture books, including Secret Pizza Party and the New York Times bestseller Dragons Love Tacos. He grew up in Brooklyn, New York, constantly drawing and painting images of ninja turtles, dinosaurs, and fighter jets (not in the same scene…), and graduated from the University of the Arts in Philadelphia. He lives in Brooklyn, New York.


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Ouya has 10,000 developers
Company reveals new developer milestone for Android-based console; Kellee Santiago says "critics have their job" about early reviews.
More than 10,000 developers worldwide are making games for the $99 Android-powered Ouya console, head of developer relations Kellee Santiago has told Games Industry International.
At the end of February, the company had signed on 8,000 developers. The console's list of developers ranges from startups to established companies like Square Enix, Double Fine, Tripwire Interactive, and Airtight Games.
"It's really awesome, especially at this early stage of the console still being in the preview period," Santiago said.
She cofounded Journey studio thatgamecompany and joined Ouya last month.
Santiago also addressed some of the early Ouya reviews, which were less-than-kind.
"Critics have their job," she said. "But what I can say is Ouya is a small company and we're very nimble and what's been encouraging about the criticism and the feedback so far is that it's all stuff we're aware of and we're working on. It's great to hear it because we are still in this preview period and we continue to iterate and improve upon the console in a way that no other company can. For our gamers and developers that creates a very supportive ecosystem for them."
The Ouya launches publicly on June 4 through retailers like Amazon, Best Buy, GAME, GameStop, and Target, as well as through the Ouya online store. Additional controllers can be purchased for $50.
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Last week I asked "Would You Know How to Tweet an Emergency?". Although I'm not an emergency responder, I hoped that we'd have more discussion about the role of Twitter in disasters. On March 8, a few days before the Sendai Earthquake and Tsunami, I tweeted:
(I realize full well how self-aggrandizing it seems to toot this, but that doesn't matter – just go with it 😉
I've long thought that Twitter – frivolous a service as it seems – always had great potential for Healthcare and disaster response and management. What we need is a public discussion of how this particular medium can be used as effectively as possible.
One one hand, there is a natural flow of people working out these technologies as events arise without pre-planning. On the other, it's important that we think ahead of the possibilities, limitations and nuances that need to be worked out.
For too long conversations about the role of Twitter have been owned by marketers and communicators. It's a shame on two fronts: first, marketers are going to be disappointed if they invest too much hope in Twitter; and two, it overshadows potentially life-saving uses for this one-of-a-kind medium.
Let's work on this problem. And here's a point to think about: imagine if the use of voice for emergencies wanes and Twitter (and its analogues) become the primary medium of communication. How would that change your angle on the problem of how to use Twitter effectively?
So, here's another appeal to my followers: please take a moment, read the post, come up with your own ideas and suggestions, and get the word out to discuss Distaster Response and Management in the Age of the Tweet.
I'm not the expert: I'm simply looking for experts to put their brains together on this one .
@PhilBaumann – @HealthIsSocial – Newsletter


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Carolina Heritage Vineyard and Winery
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Nostalgia Racing
The 2017 California Hot Rod Reunion In Bakersfield
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2016 Bakersfield March Meet Coverage And Photo Gallery
The biggest weekend of nostalgia racing in the world is upon us, as racers, racing fans, and hot rodders young and old have flocked to the Auto Club Famoso Raceway in Bakersfield, California for the March Meet.Read More
Exclusive: Snake & Mongoose Take Over Tulsa's 50th Nitro Nationals
Celebrating its 50th anniversary, the Osage Casino Tulsa Raceway Park brought the house down with the Nitro Nationals over the weekend, featuring honorees Don Prudhomme and Tom McEwen.Read More
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NDRL Takes The Spotlight At The Hollywood Casino Route 66 Classic
August 16, 2014 marked the inaugural Nostalgia Drag Racing League - Briggs & Stratton Hot August Nights race, held at magnificent Route 66 Raceway, in Joliet Illinois -- the fourth of five events on the season.Read More
Creasy Jr. And Sanders Lead World Series Winners at Cordova
It's the oldest drag race in the sport's history, with an incredible reputation that will never be surpassed, and this year's 61st installment yet again lived up to it's reputation. Read More
NDRL At Norwalk: Smith, McCuistion, Nave, And Robinson Score Big
Summertime in Northern Ohio means only one thing and that is the annual running of the The Wanda/Akzo Nobel Blue Suede Cruise, featuring the Nostalgia Drag Racing League.Read More
Ted Peters Wins 2014 Nostalgia Pro Stock "Black Arrow Cup"
Chrysler fans gained a bit of revenge when Ted Peters wheeled his 1974 Plymouth Duster to a stunning holeshot victory to secure the second annual Nostalgia Pro Stock Association's "Black Arrow Cup".Read More
NDRL-IAM Kicks Off 2014 Season With Battle At The Arch In St. Louis
Nostalgia drag racing made its way back to Gateway Motorsports Park for the first time since 2010 and what a return it was, as the NDRL-IAM hosted its first race of the season with the Battle At The Arch!Read More
Mark Bowman Earns First OFAA Win at Denton Season Opener
The Painless Performance Products Outlaw Fuel Altered Association season kicked off in fine style at the North Star Dragway "Spring Nostalgia Nationals", with Mark Bowman earning his first series victory.Read More
2014 Bakersfield March Meet Coverage From Famoso
For decades, the world's top drag racers have been descending upon the historic Auto Club Famoso Raceway, right in the heart of the birthplace of drag racing in southern California, for the annual pilgrimage known aRead More


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As digital technology continues to blur the line between films, periodicals, television, and photographs, students are constantly challenged to define and reexamine the photographer's role in contemporary art practices.
To earn the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Photography, students begin with historical and traditional forms and progress to color processes with a concentrated examination of contemporary still and moving digital media. Herron students come to understand the roles photography played in culture throughout the past, and its current position as an art form. Technical proficiency, personal growth, and conceptual and aesthetic development get equal emphasis.
This program meets the educational requirements as mandated by the National Schools of Art and Design (NASAD).Learn how to apply


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Capitals Fall 5-0 Against Dallas - Game Recap
Washington couldn't hang with the Stars on Tuesday as Dallas blasted the Capitals 5-0 at Verizon Center.
The Stars were a +100 underdog in the win. The combined score dipped UNDER the total, which closed at 5.5.
Dallas got goals from Dustin Jeffrey (2), Ray Whitney, Tyler Seguin, and Ryan Garbutt in the victory. Seguin opened the scoring at 15:08 of the first period.
Kari Lehtonen turned in a 35-save effort for the Stars.
Jaroslav Halak stopped 20 of 23 shots for the Capitals, but it wasn't enough to earn the victory.
On the power play, Dallas went 0-for-4, while the Capitals were 0-for-5 with the man advantage.
Washington lost the shots on goal battle to Dallas by a margin of 36-35.
Next game, Dallas takes its act on the road to face Carolina looking for another win. For Washington, they head on the road to face New Jersey.


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In writing about the new presidential limousine mule today, I missed a huge opportunity by not making the headline "This Is President Trump's New Limousine." What a fool I was!
Reader Scrape, however, gets it:
It's the best, nicest and most luxurious thing there is, for winners.
Contact the author at email@example.com.


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Rick Rowell/ABC
Rick Rowell/ABC
Bachelor in Paradise had a tough job to do tonight.
We were fairly certain there was no way the way cooler baby of The Bachelor and The Bachelorette could ever top what it gave us last night, from the pizza to the belly button drinking to every cringey thing Evan did, and we were right so far.
Tonight's episode didn't quite make it to last night's very high bar, but perhaps it would have if it also had two hours to get there.
First, we had Ashley's arrival, which was everything we expected but so much more, and so much better.
After she informed Chris Harrison that she was only going to cry three times this season, she was, of course, upset to find that Jared was all wrapped up in Caila. What we could not have predicted was that it was Caila in particular that she was upset about. Apparently, Caila had promised Ashley that a) she wasn't going to Paradise, and b) if she ever had the opportunity, she wouldn't hook up with Jared. Caila promised her Jared wasn't even her type!
At first, that sounded like a bit of a stretch on Ashley's part, but Caila basically admitted it and even apologized. It wasn't nearly enough of an apology for breaking both her promise and the girl code, and it was such a rude thing to do in the first place that we went from having no real opinion of Caila to deciding Caila might be sort of evil.
Most of the girls were on Caila's side, but only because they had no idea what the real story was. She told Jared some of it, and the poor guy was understandably frustrated. He helped Ashley decide to ask Daniel on a date, and she had a great time (even though they brought in some Aztec warriors to pretend to enact a virgin sacrifice, and even though Daniel's way too into the idea of deflowering Ashley), which lasted all of about five minutes before she was crying again.
And then it turned out Jared was not really concerned about Ashley, or about how very hard Caila lied to Ashley. He was just worried that Ashley made Caila feel uncomfortable or like she should question her relationship with him.
Nick sat down with Ashley to drop some truthbombs like "you will never ever be with Jared," but she believed she was in love and there was nothing anyone could do about it.
She pulled Jared aside before the rose ceremony and was basically like, why don't you love me? Jared is too nice to just be like, "I just don't, you're my friend, I won't love you, and you have to get over it," which is what he really needs to do, and in fact we're tired of Jared. Jared's very good at leading everyone on and making everyone feel like he could love them someday instead of just being honest. That's a crappy way to be. We're done with Jared. He's not that great!
Nick Viall Sounds Off on Reignited Rivalry With Josh Murray and Why Andi Dorfman Will Like Bachelor in Paradise
Elsewhere tonight, Evan continued to be just the most Evan. While Carly wondered if his illness was faked in order to get her into his bed, a medic told Evan he needed to go to the hospital because his ankles were swollen. He saw this as the perfect opportunity for a date, and kinda conned Carly into coming with him. She had fun looking into his ear, while he sat there calmly, enjoying the hell out of all of it.
Since he wasn't saying anything weird or awkward, Carly found herself attracted to him again. These two are a mess.
Back on the beach, Jen (who?) showed up, and Nick was immediately swept off his feet, thanks to her pick up lines about dolphins having sex for pleasure. Then they got chased off the beach by a bunch of crabs. Good times!
Just as the background music and general situation promised to make the rose ceremony literally the most dramatic thing we've ever seen, the episode ended, and we almost cried. We're so spoiled by two hour episodes, guys.
Bachelor in Paradise airs Mondays and Tuesdays at 8 p.m. on ABC.


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Here are some good things to read, watch and use
Three things to read, watch, and use
S.C. Rhyne is a blogger and novelist in New York City. Her book, The Reporter and The Girl MINUS The Superman has just been released, these are her good things.
Good things to read.
Lethal Rider by Larissa Ione. All's fair in Love and War, and sometimes you just gotta know that good things can blossom even in the height of everything crumbling around you. Great Paranormal romance/apocalyptic that kept me turning the page and purchasing the next books in the series.
The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. Again, I'm really into these dystopian settings, where two people find themselves in each other. The movie did great at following the book, and I read the trilogy!
The Walking Dead Compendiums 1 & 2 by Robert Kirkman et al. Another Sci-Fi Apocalyptic setting, there is some romance, but the story is about survival and humanity. How far would you…
View original post 285 more words


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Mark Halperin Suspended Indefinitely from MSNBC
If someone posts a list of people and their comments about Bush that were more rotten, yet MSNBC did nothing to the speakers, I'll happily link them here.
I'd like to add the examples to my Statist Tools: Inconsistencies log (found in my sidebar).
What authoritarians cannot tolerate is the truth spoken of them.
Late addition:
Mark Halperin's excessive obsequiousness in apologizing to Obama suggests he knows how much danger he is in. It's a performance that stirs memory of the fearfulness of subjects under the Soviet Union.
His overwrought display of contrition for daring to say a belittling word of our president -- not our dictator yet -- seems staged. It's as if Mr. Helperin is helping set the new high standard for decorum towards any president of these United States.
This, my friends, is why we must speak out boldly now, as Americans have always done, as I have done with my headline. Were the entire dextrosphere to agree that Obama is indeed behaving like a dick, especially in forcing Mr. Halperin to go through this unseemly spectacle of obsequious contrition for a minor disparagement of this very dangerous marionette currently occupying the White House, maybe we can buy some more time.


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Federal Agencies Seek Expansive Water Regulations
December 11, 2014
The Supreme Court has twice limited the power of the federal government to regulate water, but the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Army Corps of Engineers are trying to redefine the U.S. waters that can be regulated under the Clean Water Act.
Reed Hopper and Todd Gaziano of the Pacific Legal Foundation explain: the 1972 Clean Water Act prohibits people from discharging materials, without a permit, into "navigable waters," which are defined in the act as "waters of the United States." Originally, the EPA and the Army Corps interpreted "waters of the United States" to mean navigable waterways that could be used for commerce, consistent with the federal power over interstate -- not intrastate -- commerce.
But in an attempt to extend their regulatory reach, the Army Corps has multiple times sought to regulate more isolated water bodies, but the Supreme Court struck down these attempts in 2001 and 2006. Nevertheless, in a new rule redefining "waters of the United States," the agencies are trying to expand their reach. According to Hopper and Gaziano:
The rule provides such an expansive definition of water that it includes ditches, drains and intermittent streams or ponds, among others.
Any of these water bodies could be regulated if they have "significant effects" on downstream waters. The agencies are allowed to "aggregate" effects of similar features across an ecoregion, which can span thousands of square miles.
The rule extends federal jurisdiction beyond water in aquatic systems to include "associated chemical, physical and biological features" of aquatic systems as a whole.
The New York Times has reported on this issue and the consequences of the new federal rule for farmers. If the rule is finalized, farmers contend they could be forced to apply for federal permits to do something as simple as till their land near ditches or dry streambeds.
Source: M. Reed Hopper and Todd F. Gaziano, "Watch Out for That Puddle, Soon It Could Be Federally Regulated," Wall Street Journal, December 8, 2014.
Browse more articles on Environment Issues


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Welcome to the SSMU EMS Guest Page!This is meant for any external groups who want to book a room with us, if you are a SSMU Club, SSMU Service, or part of the McGill Community, then please fill out a request for an account.Please note that filling out this reservation form does not guaruntee your reservation is confirmed, please allow for 48 hours to proccess your event properly.If you haven't heard from us by then, please email the Events Administrator
1. The organizers of the event agree to abide by the SSMU Bylaws for all matters related to the event.
2. The signee agrees (i) that the tenant will use the Rental Space with prudence and diligence during the Agreement term, (ii) that the tenant will return the Rental Space in the condition in which it was received.
3. This agreement cannot be renewed. Should the signee require the same venues for a similar event in the future, the signee agrees a new Agreement has to be negotiated within the booking timing established by the SSMU.
4. The parties declare they have the power and capacity to enter the Agreement
5. The SSMU should not be held liable for: (i) for any loss, theft or damage to the tenant's property during the Agreement term, (ii) the consequences of any breach by the tenant of the terms and conditions of the Agreement, (iii) for any ticket sale losses, (iv) any injury caused to persons located within the Rental Space during the Agreement term, or (v) generally, the exercise of the SSMU's rights under the Agreement or the law.
6. The SSMU cannot be held responsible for any loss of sales resulting from any repairs conducted by the SSMU or one of its contractors within the building.
7. The signee agrees to reimburse SSMU for any damages or losses caused to its property during the event.
8. The signee agrees to indemnify SSMU and save it harmless from and against all claims, actions and expenses caused by the use or occupancy of the tenant of the Rental Space, resulting in (i) nuisance to other occupants, (ii) damage to the Rental Space, or (iii) a personal injury or loss of life.
9. The SSMU reserves the right to terminate this agreement upon the occurrence of, amongst others: (i) an event of non-payment by the tenant, (ii) if the tenant is found to have caused or maintained any nuisance in, at or on the Rental Space, (iii) uses the Rental Space for purposes other than those designated in the Agreement, (iv) fails to comply with all requirements of all applicable laws and regulations (including SSMU Bylaws and SSMU Events Regulations referred to in the Agreement), (v) causes damages to the Rental Space, or (vi) breaches the terms and conditions of the Agreement.
10. The SSMU reserves the right to require the tenant to vacate the Rental Space upon termination of the Agreement.
11. The signee can terminate the Agreement prior to thirty (30) days from the event, being the "Termination Dates". Outside of the Termination Dates, the tenant is bound to the payment of a cancellation fee should it terminate the Agreement, equal to 100% of the charges estimated in the Agreement.
12. The signee may not be entitled to a reduction in amounts owing to SSMU under any circumstance including, but not limited to, a reduction or non-payment of amounts owing to SSMU because of renovations, acts of God, force majeure, etc.
13. The signee will be responsible for the arrangement and payment of services mentioned in this agreement.
14. The methods of payment accepted by SSMU are: VISA, MasterCard, Cheque and PayPal. Please provide the number of this Agreement as reference. Any amounts owing are to be paid to the order of the Students' Society of McGill University. Payments are processed by the SSMU Accounting Department.
15. A deposit representing 50% of rental charges estimated in this Agreement must be paid 30 days in advance from the date of the event. If payable by cheque, the contract/agreement would be subject to termination should the cheque bounce.
16. The capacity of the room is to be respected during the event. SSMU reserves the right to operate crowd control and to verify the compliance of this condition during the event without previous notice. Charges post-event will apply if crowd control was indeed necessary.
17. The SSMU reserves right to free access to the Rental Space at all times and for any reason during the Agreement term.
18. Blocking of entrances and staircases by guests, event organizers or furniture are prohibited. All emergency exits must remain clear at all times for safety purposes.
19. If the tenant causes damage to the space or causes the space to be inaccessible after the rental period the SSMU shall charge the tenant for each day (full rental cost in addition to any cleaning, material costs) until the room becomes suitable for use again.
20. Any promotional materials to be used must be approved by SSMU before they are posted.
21. No signs or posters are to be taped or tacked onto walls, stairways or any painted surfaces. Please verify if your decorations are compliant with SSMU Events Regulations before attempting any installation.
22. All decorations must be taken down once the event is over. If there is anything left and SSMU has to clean it out or clear it out, then cleaning charges will apply.
23. No storage over night is allowed. If anything is left over night then storage pricing will be applied to the final invoice.
24. If there is anything left and not claimed the following day, then SSMU will dispose of it.
25. The signee agrees to abide by the provincial regulations regarding alcohol and tobacco use, including but not limited to: (i) Refraining from bringing outside alcohol into the Building, (ii) any desired alcohol consumption must be ordered with a minimum of two weeks before the event, (iii) the consumption of alcohol can only take place in the venue where the event is happening, (iv) no alcohol consumption will be tolerated in corridors, stairs, entries or surrounding areas of the SSMU Building, (v) no underage participants will be admitted into events offering alcohol and/or inside Gerts.
26. All components of the reserved areas must be in their original condition after the event: (i) SSMU reserves the right to apply cleaning charges post-event if it is deemed necessary, (ii) SSMU reserves the right to charge cleaning services if an event happens on any given Sunday or during the Summer.
27. If the event extends beyond building opening hours, SSMU reserves the right to charge Porters fees post-event.
28. The signee agrees to verify beforehand the consumption of food or beverages during the event, (i) No water bottles are permitted into the SSMU Building. This is an environmental measure.
29. The signee agrees to provide all information (contact information, service provided, and hours of service) regarding providers needed for the event to happen.
30. The signee agrees to reimburse SSMU for any damages or loses caused to SSMU property during the event, including but not limited to audio visual equipment or furniture or any item as per the Equipment Rental Form (if applicable).
31. The signee agrees to provide their own technician should they have bands or other types of live music, and accepts responsibility for loss, theft, or damage of any of the SSMU equipment or Gerts sound equipment.
32. All SSMU staff scheduled for the event leaves after the last guest in the venue, even if it creates overtime regarding hours scheduled for the event. The signee agrees to cover the cost for extra hours.
33. The organizers of the event declare that the room will be used for the group and the event described here. No booking on behalf of someone else will be accepted.
34. If for any reason, security agents had to be assigned to the event and this was not established in the contract or they had to stay beyond the estimated hours, the signee agrees to cover the cost of the security agents.
35. The present agreement does not create a relationship between the SSMU and the tenant.
36. All materials using the SSMU name and/or log must be reviewed and consented by the SSMU.
37. The SSMU may advertise and/or promote its services using the tenant name or logo.
38. No open flames are allowed anywhere in the building. Use of burners, candles, incense, etc., will trigger the alarm and prompt for evacuation.
39. The signee agrees to assume the fine from the Municipality (in case of a false alarm) if clause 38 is disregarded during this event.
37. The SSMU may advertise and/or promote its services using the tenant name or logo.
38. No open flames are allowed anywhere in the building. Use of burners, candles, incense, etc., will trigger the alarm and prompt for evacuation.
39. The signee agrees to assume the fine from the Municipality (in case of a false alarm) if clause 38 is disregarded during this event.


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Retired Brett Lee took time off commentary to dance in film
Los Angeles: Former Australian fast bowler Brett Lee, who is making his acting debut with 'UnIndian', took time off his cricket World Cup commentary to shoot a dramatic dance sequence for the upcoming cross-cultural film, the shooting of which was wrapped up.
Brett Lee
Seen in Indian traditional outfit, Lee looked like he enjoyed the dramatic and larger than life dance sequence that Indian films are known for. After wrapping up the shoot, co-star Tannishtha Chatterjee returned to India while Lee took to the microphone to be a commentator for the cricket World Cup, read a statement.
Filming has now been completed on the Australian feature film directed and produced by Anupam Sharma. Wrapped up last week, the comedy is the first production of the newly established Australia India Film Fund (AIFF).
"We were all excited preparing for this final number composed by Salim-Sulaiman, especially because the number has some interesting twists and turns, and Brett in a traditional Indian costume. Brett took time out from his World Cup commentary a week before the big India versus Australia match."


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How is it that people who are doing what they are "supposed" to be doing –- eating healthy, exercising, maintaining a normal body composition -– still have blood sugar issues?
We'll explore that, and more, in today's article. If you've ever been interested in blood sugar management, insulin resistance, and hypoglycemia, this is one article you'll want to check out.
In a previous article (Trouble losing body fat? Are anemia and low oxygen delivery to blame?) I focused on oxygen, one of the two fuel sources for what is arguably one of the most important components of your cell, the mitochondria. Without oxygen, it is impossible for your cells to work at their full capacity or for you to be healthy.
The second source of fuel for the mitochondria -– glucose –- has an equally important role in the function of cells. In this article, I'll look at glucose and its role in blood sugar.
The blood sugar bandwagon
With the epidemic of diabetes and metabolic syndrome plaguing the industrial world in recent years, blood sugar and insulin have gotten their fair share of media attention.
In fact, blood sugar balance is a major tenet of virtually every diet book from The Zone to The Atkins Diet. And with good reason: imbalanced blood sugar levels are at the crux of many health issues, including being overweight.
But there is much more to know about the blood sugar picture.
Real people, real issues
In our practice, we constantly see people with blood sugar imbalances. But these people are not run-of-the-mill Americans. Not by a long shot.
These are health-conscious, educated individuals who do not spend their time eating Twinkies, bingeing at McDonalds and competing in the World's Laziest Couch Potato competition.
Rather, we see people who eat well, exercise regularly, have normal body composition and take supplements, but still don't feel well. They, too, are coming in with blood sugar issues of which they weren't even aware.
How is it that people who are doing what they are "supposed" to be doing –- eating healthy, exercising, maintaining a normal body composition -– still have blood sugar issues?
Two paths
When talking about blood sugar balance, for simplicity's sake, there are two possibilities:
- Insulin resistance, which is characterized by two things: chronically elevated blood sugar levels, and subsequent elevated insulin levels to help deal with the blood sugar.
- Hypoglycemia, which refers generally to low ("hypo") blood sugar ("glycemia"), but is really characterized by blood sugar fluctuations –- sometimes it's high and sometimes it's low.
Both, however, have insulin surges.
And while each of these have their separate issues metabolically, both will cause issues with the function of mitochondria because there is not a steady stream of blood sugar available for ATP (energy) production.
Insulin resistance
When someone is insulin resistant, glucose cannot effectively enter into the cell –- chronically elevated insulin levels create dysfunctional insulin receptor sites on the cell.
Because blood sugar is not adequately entering the cells, it stays in general circulation rather than being stored. As a result, the body must produce higher levels of insulin to remove glucose from the blood stream, which causes even greater metabolic dysfunction.
Characteristic symptoms of insulin resistance include: fatigue after meals, craving for sweets that doesn't go away when sweets are eaten, increased thirst, and frequent urination.
Clinically, hypoglycemia can be viewed as fluctuations in blood sugar. People with hypoglycemia can experience symptoms such as lightheadedness, irritability, shakiness and fatigue between meals, which is often relieved after eating.
Individuals with this pattern and periods of low blood sugar will have surges of insulin, rather than chronically elevated levels.
Normally, the body should respond to low blood sugar by producing cortisol to increase blood sugar levels. However, in this case, periodically hypoglycemic people usually have low adrenal function and rely on adrenaline to elevate blood sugar between meals, which causes the shakiness and and lightheadedness between meals.
Symptoms are usually relieved after eating because meals provide a source of glucose that their body could not create itself.
Because their bodies rely on adrenaline to elevate blood sugar, people with some degree of hypoglycemia can have insulin surges between meals, rather than following meals, or chronically, as in insulin resistance.
|Hypoglycemic tendencies
|Insulin resistant tendencies
|Feels better after meals
|Feels tired after meals
|Sugar cravings before meals
|Sugar cravings after meals
|May have difficulty staying asleep at night
|May have difficulty getting to sleep at night
A nasty, vicious cycle
But here is one of the biggest points: looking healthy, having a muscular body, and exercising regularly does not mean that you have normal blood sugar management.
In today's modern world, all bets are off with regard to physiology. In fact, researchers have started using new terms like "non-obese insulin resistance" and "atypical metabolic syndrome" because normal-looking people are having blood sugar management issues.
Below is a vicious cycle that is common in people today.
Though there are a number of mechanisms involved in this cycle, here is a basic explanation. Elevated blood sugar increases insulin. Insulin causes an increase cortisol and cortisol increases blood sugar. And round and round it goes.
People can enter into this cycle in one of two ways. The first is through improper eating. Excess sugar or carbohydrates, excessively large meals or glycemically imbalanced meals can excessively elevate blood sugar levels, causing this cycle to begin.
The second way the cycle can be started is via cortisol. Anything that elevates cortisol (i.e. stress, parasitic infection, food allergies, inflammation, etc.) will also elevate blood sugar and therefore insulin levels.
In other words, you could have a perfect diet and exercise program, but if you have elevated cortisol levels, you may also be increasing your blood sugar from the inside.
Too much of a good thing
Insulin is necessary for life. Without it, you'd be dead. But as with most hormones, insulin should be balanced. In excess, elevated insulin levels have a host of negative consequences on the body. Here are some reasons you want to take insulin seriously.
What to do
The best way to determine whether you have blood sugar issues is to get blood work done. A good blood chemistry screen will contain enough markers to adequately identify patterns of blood sugar mismanagement.
Here is a very general guideline of patterns to look for in blood work.
|Hypoglycemic patterns
|Insulin resistant patterns
|Fasting blood sugar below 85 mg/dL
LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) below 140 U/L
|Fasting blood sugar above 100 md/dL
Triglycerides above 100 mg/dL*
HDL cholesterol below 55 mg/dL
Cholesterol above 200 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol above 120 mg/dL
*The closer the triglycerides are to the cholesterol, the worse the problem. Ideally they will be a 2:1 ratio or more (i.e. Total cholesterol=180, triglycerides=90).
Understand that these are merely patterns and there are many more issues to consider. These are very general guidelines to help you get started. Please see a qualified medical professional for an accurate diagnosis.
Do it yourself
A quick and easy way you can check this yourself is by purchasing a glucometer. They usually cost around $50 and give you the ability to look at your blood sugar throughout the day. Here are some ways how you can use it:
- First thing in the morning. Blood sugar should be between 85 and 100.
- Two hours after a meal, it will ideally be between 85 and 100 depending on the size and quality of the meal.
- You could eat a meal, and then track your blood sugar at 30 minute intervals for 2 hours following a meal. Some people believe a glycemically balanced meal will not raise it much above 120. For example, if you eat celery and almond butter, or a salad with grilled chicken, your blood sugar should not go above 120 at any point after the meal.
A good protein-based meal with adequate levels of healthy fat and fibre should not raise your blood sugar levels too high. If it does, either the macronutrient ratio was off, the meal was too large, or in some cases, you might have a sensitivity to the food that causes a stress response and elevates blood sugar.
For most of you, the first step toward eating properly for blood sugar management is starting with the Precision Nutrition System. Indeed, over 85% of our clients see the types of results they're looking for by following this program.
However, for the other 15% that use the program and still need to go a bit deeper, working with a coach through Precision Nutrition Coaching is the next step.
Blood sugar dysregulation and elevated insulin levels have negative impacts on numerous physiological systems in the body.
But on a fundamental level if adequate glucose cannot enter a cell, the mitochondria will not be able to produce optimal amounts of ATP to run the cells, organs and systems of the body, and we will not be optimally healthy, much less have the body we desire.
The mitochondria use two primary sources of fuel to produce the energy required to run your body effectively: oxygen and glucose. Clinically, these are "high priority" situations because if either one of these processes are not working correctly, nothing will.
It doesn't matter if it is a hormonal issue, thyroid issue, cardiovascular issue, neurological issue, or weight loss issue — if you cannot get oxygen and/or glucose into the cell for energy, nothing will work as well as it should.
These are basic fundamentals to health and fitness that must be addressed before deciding which supplement works better or whose workout program is the best for fat loss.
Eat, move, and live… better.
Yep, we know… the health and fitness world can sometimes be a confusing place. But it doesn't have to be.
Let us help you make sense of it all with this free special report.
In it you'll learn the best eating, exercise, and lifestyle strategies — unique and personal — for you.


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CFQ Video Review: Godzilla
Capsule commentary, with clips and trailers, for GODZILLA.
CFQ Video Review: After Earth
In a belated edition of the Cinefantastique Video Review podcast, Steve Biodrowski dissects AFTER EARTH, the vanity project starring Will Smith and Jaden Smith, directed by M. Night Shyamalan. The film features one or two brights spots to remind us of Shyamalan's once formidable talent, but the director over-emphasizes the sentimental aspects of a father-son [...]
CFQ Video Review: The Purge
A video review of THE PURGE, including film clips and excerpts from the trailer. The film's premise (an annual 12-hour lawless free-for-all) is incredible, but THE PURGE stands as an effective political parable, earning 3 out of 5 stars on the Cinefantastique Review scale – that is, recommended viewing.
Please note: If you are wondering why [...]
CFQ Video Review: Epic
Cinefantatique's video review of EPIC, including footage from the movie.
CFQ Video Review: Star Trek Into Darkness
Cinefantastique Online's first video review boldly goes on a STAR TREK INTO DARKNESS. The second Enterprise outing from director J.J. Abrams does what no STAR TREK film has done before: achieve greatness for the second time in a row. On the CFQ Review scale, STAR TREK INTO DARKNESS earns four out of five stars, making [...]


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(LOECHIN UPDATE....) YES YES YES this is the end. I never read dinar guru but thought I would cruise through there this evening. I am amazed that some guru's don't have a clue what really has happened in the last week.
I want to call them out for all their misinformation but that's just not in my nature. The rate has been released in Iraq and it has risen to the needed rate.
The reason we needed it to increase is because that's what the Global Reset was built around. A certain rate had to be reached. Some just don't want to see the whole picture but will only focus on a part but not the whole.
As I write this tonight I wait only for the release of the 800 numbers. I trust you are going over the steps that you have laid out in your plan because in the next few hours you might have to start on that same list.
Read More Link on Right
Now to somewhat of a serious matter. Many of you when the starter pistol sounds will want to just FORGET the rules and run to the bank.
I'm asking you to please refrain from that and make your appointment gather your currency and wait for that desired appointment.
We need to avoid a bottleneck of sorts, agreed? Also after you exchange remember the NDA and follow what was in it. Talk to no one !!!!!!
Last, don't let people who have no idea where we are ruffle your feathers.
The rate did hit the needed number, CL did say while in Iraq that she would not leave unless the RV was finished and she did leave with the RV completed, and we have overwhelming info confirmed that we are now looking for any second, did you get that any second for the release.
I was told today by the UST, IMF, and the Banks that they would not tell when it would happen for us because of the Surprise.... So enjoy your evening, I think it might be your last one being broke.
Always Luky
11/19/2013 02:12:30 pm
God bless you and God bless the America and the American people
11/19/2013 02:19:35 pm
Loechin. First off, hello and thank you to you and all who take time out of their day to keep us informed. My question is a two parter. First, how long can they take to release the 800 #'s and Second, is there any foreseeable reason why there would be a delay at this juncture? Thank you once again and God Bless!!!
No i have not and will not go over my plans. Why? Because we have already gone over them 500 times everyone tells us to because they so sure its going now. Anyone who did plans back in the past has had to tewrite them anyway for as many times as the situation has changed
11/19/2013 02:57:38 pm
11/20/2013 03:58:07 am
amen & amen
11/19/2013 02:30:24 pm
Thank you so much for all that you do for Dinarville 7 the few Dinarians, you and your team are a BLESSING. I don't get much sleep these days and my stomach is in knots lol. But I just want to let you know that all is appreciated, if not by all, I'm sure most would agree. God bless you, come on RV-800's
11/19/2013 02:51:26 pm
Very good news Loechin! I'm not one to sit by the computer all day long waiting for any sign of an RV but I do believe all that you said! I feel it in my bones! It's like you know something is going to happen soon but you can't put your finger on it. I also had a dream last night that I wanted to share if you don't mind. I dream in vivid color and always remember the details of my dream! I was in a room somewhere and there I was throwing money up in the air with a big smile on my face! Lot's of money! I looked so happy and money was floating in the air. I take my dreams very seriously because I 'm quite intuitive. This to me is a sign! Also I wanted to share that I'm really into numerology and for the past two week's I've been seeing triple and quadruple numbers everywhere.For instance lots of 111's, 1111's, 333's, 444's, and lately this whole last week several 888's. The meaning for the 888's from Doreen Virtues Angel Numbers Book has a meaning for the 888 as follows: "The Universe is abundant and generous, and you've learned how to step into the shower of it's ever present flow. Great financial prosperity is yours, now and in the future." Numerology may not mean something to everyone but for me it's a big sign since those numbers are coming up so frequently in a condensed period of time and along with my dream I take this seriously. I believe that there a reason for everything and I think you are right saying it's near to completion! Just had to share this little inspiring story! May we all receive our bountiful blessings shortly along with the (800) number! P. S. Just looked up what the (800) meant in the phone number and it says "God and the Universe abundantly support you and help to manifest your dreams into reality. Give any money concerns to God for healing and manifesting. So people be positive! Think Positive! It's on the way! :)
Green Zone
11/19/2013 03:58:25 pm
Sylvia, in the bible the number 8 is the number of new beginnings, hmmm something to think about, could this event become all of our blessings and new beginnings? We all shall see God bless you...
11/19/2013 05:06:31 pm
Sylvia ! Omg just like me and my friends !! Numbers all the time !! 222 444 555 777 888!!! Love Doreen virtue !! 222 have faith 444 angels around you 777 miracles are happening 888 $$$ see these all the time now!!!! 💝💝💝
11/19/2013 02:58:24 pm
Thank you, Loechin, for keeping us abreast of new info, as always. Thanks and many blessings to you and all our main guys in this community. You have earned countless blessings for all y'all's service to us - we will always remember.
11/19/2013 03:16:44 pm
Great news. Simply MARVELOUS! MAHALO..............AND ALOHA. 50th state. Thank you.
11/19/2013 03:25:01 pm
We shall wait and see...............
Comments are closed.


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Drake's "Summer Sixteen" tour has accumulated $84.3 million in earnings, according to some new stats. It's no surprise that Drake and Future's massive Summer Sixteen tour made a lot of money this year, but according to some new numbers, it could be a record-breaking feat.
A new Pollstar list of highest-grossing tours of the year puts Summer Sixteen at 84.3 million, making it the highest-grossing rap tour of the year, with Kanye's Saint Pablo following at 52.8 million.
However, fans have now deduced that these stats, if they are to be trusted, would make Drake's Summer Sixteen the highest-grossing rap tour of all time.
Drake is confident enough in the numbers to have posted a tweet claiming such on his Instagram, but official confirmation
from Forbes has yet to be made. The tour that currently holds the title is Kanye West and Jay Z 's Watch The Throne, which reportedly earned $75 million in North
America, according to Complex .


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The guests of Gasthof zur Donaubrücke Ardagger may stay in 16 nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in Ardagger. The guesthouse is happy to have you in the restaurant for a hearty lunch or a romantic dinner. For those arriving by car parking is available nearby. The fans of actively spent leisure time may take the nearby opportunities to rent a bike, play bowling and rent a boat. The café or the bar can be an ideal place for a pleasant evening talk or a meeting. You can also bring your laptop for the holiday, for there is wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the guesthouse. The exact list of services available at Gasthof zur Donaubrücke Ardagger (including those for an extra fee) and the exact list of equipment in a room can be found on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in to your room is 14:00, the latest time to check out of your room is 10:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak in English and German with you.
Gasthof zur Donaubrücke Ardagger rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Squash, Bowling, Bike rental at the accommodation
Boat rental nearby
Pet friendly (9 €/night), Garden, Bar, Cafe
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


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Wedding Gift Ideas
At the end of every romantic story stands: and they lived happily ever after! But with wedding season approaching, you are often confused what to give to newlyweds so they could live happily with your gift. And the main problem is that you need to think carefully as this is the present they would cherish (or at least remember) throughout their lives. Of course, great solution is always giving cash, but you have to admit it's not very original (and you usually don't know how much is enough). So if you have no idea what to get for bride and groom to be, we've come up with 5 fantastic ideas to help you out and that they will surely appreciate!
Goodies Basket
This is a budget friendly and yet effective gift that you can give to your maybe not-so close friends. Get a nice basket and fill it with all sorts of bubble baths, creams and oils or for a romantic night in, fill the basket with some chocolate, candles and vine. You can customize this basket in any way you want and fill it with all sorts of things newlyweds like. And trust us, this special relax-basket will be praised after that long wedding preparation and a hectic marriage ceremony.
Fancy Dinner
If you would like to arrange something special for bride and groom, how about treating future spouses with a nice dinner? In this way you can give them a chance to spend some quality time alone after the wedding by organizing a romantic dinner in a fancy restaurant. Make sure to get reservations earlier, secure the best seats and plan with the restaurant manager to pay special attention to their every need so they will always remember the time they spent together (and all thanks to you).
Distinctive artwork
They say that artwork is the number one gift for weddings, but the trick is which artwork to get as people have different tastes and art comes in many forms. So how can you go one step further and give lovebirds something they will truly remember you by? We have a perfect idea for you – turn their favorite photo into hand painted image that will last them a lifetime! This is a gift that they will love and surely keep forever (and also put it on display)!
Cashmere Blankets
Did you ever get something that you would never buy and then used it so often thinking it's the best thing you've ever got? Cashmere blankets are a gift that couples would cherish forever but often wouldn't remember to buy for themselves. The only thing you have to be careful about is the color – it's best to choose neutral tones like beige and grey so they can match any furniture.
Monogramed bathrobes
Young couples enjoy seeing their last name on anything (weather they took a new name or gave it to someone). That's why everything with their initials on it has special value. And for a perfect leisure gift, you can get them monogramed bathrobes (instead of boring towels or espresso machine). Bathrobes are also perfect as both genders will equally enjoy this cozy yet customized gift.
In the end, good luck with your perfect present! And if you ever need any help in finding the best solution for a wedding gift, check out some of our options for turning photos into canvas!


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At Gemvara, we believe that the jewelry you wear should be one of a kind, like you. That's why we make each piece to order, one at a time, just the way you want it. Choose tourmaline and platinum or quartz and rose gold: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. It's jewelry for all life's occasions, from an engagement or Mother's Day to your own personal milestones and celebrations. Celebrate a birthday with a personalized piece of jewelry that shows how much you care. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your quartz contemporary jewelry design with meticulous attention to detail. Our precious metals are recycled or responsibly mined. Quartz, with its incredible variety, is the most ancient of gems. Amethyst, citrine, smoky quartz, rock crystal, rose quartz, agates, chalcedony, and onyx are all members of the quartz family. Lovely and durable, quartz gems are an excellent choice for jewelry with lasting beauty. Our wide selection of quartz contemporary jewelry by Randy Dixon, Ji Hwang, Ruzanna Davtian, and other talented designers means you can find jewelry that's exactly your style. You can also shop by style, choosing our Celtic, Geometric, or Mothers Collections. Gemvara's fine quality quartz contemporary jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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- Attorney Resource Center
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- Support NHLP
- About NHLP
August Bulletin Discusses Reverse Mortgages, Recent Settlements
The August issue of the Housing Law Bulletin provides an overview of recent legal developments concerning the issue of surviving spouses of reverse mortgage borrowers. Additionally, the Bulletin discusses how NHLP helped preserve a Rural Housing Service development in Paso Robles, California. Furthermore, this issue discusses recent settlements: the first between HUD and a domestic violence survivor who was denied housing because of the abuse committed against her, and the second between the Department of Justice and a California housing provider that banned children from playing in the common grassy areas of the property. The issue also includes brief updates on implementation surrounding the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. Finally, the issue features summaries of recent cases, regulations, and notices.


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SANFORD–Kate Rumley, Executive Director of Brick Capital CDC presented a quarterly report to the Sanford City Council Tuesday and expounded on possible plans for renovating the houses in the East Sanford area.
More local news can be heard Monday through Friday on WWGP 1050 and Classic Hits.
Recent posts in Local Sanford, NC News


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By Kipp Robertston, December 17, 2013, Kingston Community News Reporter
The Port of Kingston may have grounded its own project when it improperly identified where a proposed maintenance dredge would take place.
"The original documents the port provided to the permitting agencies, which [the Department of Natural Resources] reviewed, indicated that the dredging operation would only take place on port-owned property," Aquatics Program Communications Manager Toni Droscher wrote in an email.
Because DNR's authority covers state-owned aquatic lands, the agency did not believe it had a role in the mitigation aspect of the project, according to Droscher. Then DNR's Ports Program received the mitigation plan Nov. 14.
"That's when we discovered that part of the project was going to be taking place on state-owned aquatic lands, which DNR manages, in addition to port-owned property," Droscher wrote.
The result is a substantial delay in the maintenance dredge.
The port had to have its final approval by Dec. 16, because bidding companies were told work would start by that date, according to Steve Hyman, the port's interim director. Bidders will be released from the dredge project. "We will not be dredging this winter," Hyman said.
The port still has all its permits, which are good for two years, so it does not have to start from the very beginning. However, due to restrictions, such as salmon migration, the port will not be able to dredge until at least July.
Without a maintenance dredge, continued silt buildup in Appletree Cove from Carpenter Creek will affect what boats can be launched and when. The boat launch may become a shallow-water launch.
The port began applying for permits in September 2012. The port was planning for the dredge since the opening of Carpenter Creek estuary in January 2012. The removal of the too-small fish culvert under West Kingston Road increased sedimentation in the cove, affecting boat traffic. The port declared a state of emergency to speed up the permit process when it became clear the cove was becoming shallower because of silt buildup. Boats grounded and A, B and C docks were sometimes inaccessible.
DNR's main concern over the port's proposed project stems from protection over eelgrass in aquatic lands. Though the department is not responsible for issuing the dredge permits, it has a say in what work is done. The department is reluctant to allow the port to tamper with eelgrass.
"Eelgrass plays a critical role in nearshore marine ecosystems and is used as an indicator of estuarine health throughout the world," according to Droscher.
"Eelgrass is called out [by] the Puget Sound Partnership as a 'vital sign' of Puget Sound's health with a goal of increasing eelgrass by 20 percent (from 2000-2008 baseline data) by the year 2020."
The port is working with DNR and other agencies to develop a new mitigation plan. The port will has to go out and rebid the project as well.


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Review: 'When You're Strange' too remedial
Published 4:00 am, Friday, April 9, 2010
When You're Strange
Documentary. Starring Jim Morrison, John Densmore, Ray Manzarek and Robby Krieger. Directed by Tom DiCillo. (R. 90 minutes. At the Sundance Cinemas in San Francisco.)
"When You're Strange" is a Jim Morrison-focused Doors documentary for a very small demographic: people who have spent the past 44 years in a bomb shelter, a space station orbiting the planet or a maximum security prison that doesn't have a subscription to "Rolling Stone."
Never-before-seen footage is framed by a Wikipedia version of the band's history, crafted for people who need detailed explanation as to what that whole Civil Rights movement was about. This patronizing approach is coupled with some of the worst documentary voice-over writing in recent memory. (Actual line from narrator Johnny Depp: "This much is true: You can't burn out if you're not on fire.") "When You're Strange" is a remedial Doors class, taught by a professor who sounds as if he's doing voiceovers for car commercials.
Director Tom DiCillo, who has made some interesting features, seemingly takes the easy way out, relying on no interviews from surviving band members or other outside observations. Instead, we get archive clip after archive clip, accompanied by Depp's omniscient perspective - speaking too definitively about events that are really hearsay, considering that most of the witnesses are still alive.
"When You're Strange" is awkward, but not a complete waste. Serious Morrison fans will ride the storm of obviousness and enjoy the interesting archival footage, including some very polished scenes that the lead singer shot for an experimental film.
The behind-the-scenes footage from late in Morrison's short life is particularly interesting. Casual followers may find that the singer seems a little less mysterious; as much a spoiled child as a tortured artist. His tolerant Doors bandmates should be considered - along with the supporting players in Stone Temple Pilots and Alice in Chains - for a special saintdom award in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
One more small gripe: Although the making of other albums is chronicled in detail, almost no time is spent on Morrison Hotel, the second-to-last studio album from the group and arguably the best Doors effort.
-- Advisory: Keep your eyes on the road and your hands upon the strong language, sexual imagery (mostly involving tight shiny leather pants), nudity and drug use.


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knowplace family of sites
Currently sorted By last update ascending Sort chronologically: By last update | By creation date
yousendit is a website that will store your files online to be retrieved by the recepients on their own schedule, without filling up their email program.
It only requires the recepient email to be entered but if entered your email address will appear in the from area. I would make sure that you let everyone know that you are indeed sending the file (in a separate email if you are concerned about security). Their privacy policy says that they do leave a cookie on their server to recognize you and that they store the emails on their server. This is logical as they keep the file on hand for 7 days or 25 downloads if you send it to multiple recepients.
They do post a link for you when the file has been transfered:
Your file has been successfully sent!
We've stored your file on our server and sent your recipient an email with instructions for retrieving it. The file will be available for 7 days or a limited number of downloads.
Here is a link for your reference:
The recipient gets email notification and downloads from the website.
You've got a file called "1008-093-04-1069.gif" (6 KB) waiting for download.
Message: testing the product
You can click on the following link to retrieve your file. The link
will expire in 7 days and will be available for a limited number of
Regular link (for all web browsers):
This email was automatically generated, please do not reply to it.
For any inquiries, feel free to email firstname.lastname@example.com
The YouSendIt Team
Seems like an efficient way to work with files especially if you do not like to include attachments in emails. The links and references on the site indicate a number of reliable sources use and approve of the program.
Sunmitted by Helen Kershaw Sept. 24, 2005
I was going to recommend a small cooperative note-taking software, but now I have some concerns about it. Originally, I was going to recommend Webnote. In fact, I even set up a page for the Knowplace weekend at http://www.aypwip.org/webnote/knowplace. However, as soon as I did this, I found that someone had already used the program and had left some notes. Now it could be that it is someone from this group, or it could be that it has been used previously at a Knowplace get together. Or it may not matter. What is of import, is that either way, whenever you use this type of collaborative program, care needs to be taken to select a name that is not easily discerned by any passerby. So now, I have set up a new page at http://www.aypwip.org/webnote/knowplace0625 (todays date).
posted by Elderbob Brannigan in the OpenWeekend Potluck session #1
Google Earth [ http://earth.google.com ] provides satellite images from around the world. It has a fairly small download but requires a 3D graphics card which may not be available on some older machines. They combine various images to create a seamless trip. My husband was very excited the other day to see the back side of Mount Everest (he loves mountains) and recently took a tour of the Great Wall of China. A warning: it can be quite engrossing and before you realize it an hour has flown by!
Google Earth:
New Features [July06]
Less Is More - A New UI
- textured" 3D buildings
Furl [ http://www.furl.net/index.jsp ] your personal web file
Furl allows you to copy an article and store it on your computer electronically. It's virtue is, if you do a lot of research on the web, that you can store articles and refer back them on the computer, instead of having to print out large amounts of pages, usually half of which end up being discarded. Very handy for term papers, and professional writers who need to store articles for a short time--a day or a week, before deleting them. Very handy also for arranging footnotes and citations.
thanks to Joseph F. Dunphy for the recommendation
Meeting Wizard:
Meeting Wizard{www.meetingwizard.com). An easy-to-use and reliable tool for scheduling meetings.
Thanks to Elga Nikolva for providing this link April06
spyware is always a issue when surfing the net. Many times you get programs or web applications for free, but at the price of tracking cookies, etc. I like to use Lavasoft's Adware, Spybot Search & Destroy and Microsoft Defender as my constant companions on the Web, and they are all free. However, I am a firm believer that if you use Lavasoft and Spyware, it is a good idea to support them with some cash to help support their further development.
anti-virus and spyware programs:
The two free online Web virus scanners I use are:
Thanks to Mike M for this posting Sept06
Online collaboration through the use of a secured wiki and other tools. The web collaboration site that has been online since September, 2004. Its stated purpose: to put web collaboration in the hands of people who need it without having to download or install complicated software.
Web Collaboration:
Use the email addresses of the participants in the project to send an invitation. Participants can be created with varying levels of access from Administrator to read-only. Any Administrator can add additional participants. There is even a non-disclosure form in the advanced features.
Copernic desktop search:
find any of your files, emails, pictures, ... easily and instantly
Source page: http://www.audacity.sourceforge.net
"Open source software for recording and editing sounds....developed under GNU (General Public License)". (Will be back after setting preferneces for Mozilla so I can copy and paste.)
iteamwork was recommended by Knowmate AussieK.
The methodology, implementation and interface are kept simple to insure that the focus is on managing projects rather than learning a new system.


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Geo Ham is regarded as one of the world's finest automotive artists, and although he had no descendants to carry on the family name, he left behind a legacy of paintings and posters that will immortalize him forever.
Born in 1900 as George Hamel, he later became known as Geo Ham. His work is noted for its technical accuracy and painstaking reality. An automotive enthusiast and part time racing driver, Ham duplicated the precise position of every component of the automobile, and often exaggerated details to simulate movement. Along with watercolor and gouache paintings, Ham sketched many caricatures depicting the personality of the drivers and their automobiles.
Early in his career, Ham was commissioned by Benjamin, the French cycle-car manufacturer, to illustrate its catalogue. From 1927 to 1940, his work was featured in France's leading pictorial magazine, L'illustration. In the 1930's and 50's, his work was unfurled in posters he created for the Grand Prix of Monaco, the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and every other race track in France. In addition, in a series of watercolors for a limited-edition book by Roger Labric, Ham recounted the history of Le Mans. Many of the original paintings are on display in the offices of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest.
Geo Ham died in 1972.


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With efforts to support geographic expansion throughout Africa, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has announced that it will award a $4 million loan to multiple innovative, off-grid solar businesses working in sub-Saharan Africa.
This forms part of the USAID's Scaling Off-Grid Energy: A Grand Challenge for Development, a global partnership between the U.S. Agency for International Development, Power Africa, the U.K. Department for International Development, and the Shell Foundation.
The agency told ESI Africa that funds will be earmarked for early-growth stage companies that can show a 2:1 private investor match – i.e. USAID will award $500,000 to companies showing a $1 million private investment match.
One long-standing barrier many early stage, off-grid entrepreneurs face is access to capital. USAID designed this funding opportunity specifically to address that problem.
It aims to empower entrepreneurs and investors in achieving 20 million connections to provide households in sub-Saharan Africa with clean, modern and affordable access to electricity by 2030.
Renewable energy sources are ripe for investors: over the last few years, they have become more affordable, efficient and viable for industry to rollout.
According to the agency, sales nearly doubled in 2015, but there is still only about a 3% market penetration of an estimated $6 billion market.
Research has shown that pay-as-you-go off-grid solar companies alone could serve up to 30 million households in off-grid markets by 2020.
The Agency has noted the following requirements on their website:
The agency said that concept papers will be accepted on a rolling basis between February 2017 and April 30, 2017.


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Elegance and feminine grace are what every lady aspires for when it comes to their clothing collection and maxi skirts for women are the best way to fetch the same. LURAP, the renowned online fashion destination for women, emerges as the best place to buy maxi skirts in latest trends and at awesome discounts. Check out the chic and stylish Secret Love Maxi Skirt, which defines the perfect combination of sophistication and sensuality. The gorgeous skirt is designed in fine rayon fabric and features a contemporary side-slit design with an elasticized waist for a comfortable fit. What more, it's a steal at its price! To have a look at the latest collection of maxi skirts for women online, log in to LURAP and get amazing skirts at low prices. Pick skirts in standard sizes XS to 7 XL or have plus size maxi skirts for women made to measure for perfect fits. Shop with convenient options of COD and easy EMIs (on products exceeding INR 4000 in India)
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Beautiful Maxi Skirts For Women Online
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What's new in CLZ Games for Android?
CLZ Games (Android)
v4.0.1: CLZ Games for Android is now free to download
March 30th, 2016
CLZ Games is now free to download, with a database limit of 100 games. Unlock higher database limits using In App Purchases.
If you purchased CLZ Games *before* the 4.0 release, then the 4.0 version will be automatically unlocked to an *unlimited* database size. You do NOT need to pay again 🙂
If, for whatever reason, this didn't work for you, then just CONTACT US and and we'll unlock it manually, free of charge!
- Easily switch between Add methods (Platform & Title / Barcode / Manual).
- Re-designed search results with included cover images.
- Now add directly from results using quick-add buttons
(no more need to open the Preview Screen).
- New black style for Preview Screen.
- Add by Barcode now automatically opens Camera Scan screen.
Recent changes
v4.7.3: Further improvements to the Add Games screen November 22nd, 2017 v4.7.2: Fixed a scroll problem in the main list September 20th, 2017 v4.7.1: Download current values of your games September 15th, 2017 v4.6.2: Added completeness folder August 9th, 2017 v4.6.1: New Loose/CIB/New field plus enhanced cloud syncing August 8th, 2017 v4.5.5: Improved navigation in "All Games/Hardware" folder July 18th, 2017 v4.5.4: Improved navigation after adding or restarting the app July 12th, 2017 v4.5.2: Improvements to the barcode scanner May 30th, 2017 v4.5.1: Improved Add Games screen May 9th, 2017 v4.3.11: New: Easily add games that come up as "unrecognized barcode" February 7th, 2017 v4.3.9: Fixed an issue where "deletion changes" sometimes didn't sync February 2nd, 2017 v4.3.8: Maintenance build January 18th, 2017 v4.3.7: New "split" edit screen November 17th, 2016 v4.3.6: Fixed a problem with CLZ Account registration October 27th, 2016 v4.3.5: Added more folder options, Sync Status indicator and more October 20th, 2016 v4.3.4: New: "Search-As-You-Type" suggestions when adding games October 6th, 2016 v4.3.3: New way of adding/editing dates September 22nd, 2016 v4.3.2: New: "None" entries in folder section September 20th, 2016 v4.3.1: New "Material"-based interface with skins September 12th, 2016 v4.2.2: Edit screen now remembers edits while app is suspended August 2nd, 2016 v4.2.1: New: Manage Pick Lists tool and ways to edit pick list items July 28th, 2016 v4.0.8: Fixed a crash in the In-App Purchase screen June 20th, 2016 v4.0.6: Hardware keyboards now work with the app again May 26th, 2016 v4.0.1: CLZ Games for Android is now free to download March 30th, 2016