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8824 Fallbrook Drive
Houston, TX 77064 USA
Phone: 800.444.TEST
Fax: 281.580.0719
Herzog by Pac is the worldwide leader in reliable laboratory petroleum testing apparatus providing a full line of manually and state-of-the-art automated instruments.
Herzog engineers continue to develop the latest technology for testing cold behavior, distillation, flash point, vapor pressure, viscosity and other physical properties.
Herzog by PAC, originally established in 1931 is a long-established, comprehensive line of laboratory instruments for testing atmospheric and vacuum distillation, flash point, vapor pressure, bitumen properties, cold flow properties, viscosity and other physical properties of materials. Distillation and flash point analysis is provided by systems including the OptiDist and the HDV 632; viscosity and Bitumen testing by systems such as the HVM 472 and the HRB 754 Ring & Ball; and fuel classification by systems such as the CID 510 Derived Cetane Number.
As a highly experienced provider of physical testing instruments, we are an active member in standards organizations and lead standard development to guarantee that the methods meet customer requirements of precision and ease of use.
Herzog provides complete solutions, including highly experienced customer service and certified reference materials for instrument calibration and validation.
From the start, Herzog has been an innovator in physical distillation. Herzog introduced its first automated ASTM D86 / ISO 3405 distillation system to the market in 1957. Today, Herzog continues to innovate in synergy with other members of the PAC technology family with its 5th generation system, the OptiDist, which combines 50 years of Herzog experience and 30 years of ISL to create a unique, state-of-the-art, fully automated distillation analyzer. OptiDist uses several patented technologies, such as Optimizer and bottom meniscus volume measurement, for fully automated distillation control that guarantees highest precision results, and it is ideal for new fuels including ethanol blends and biodiesel blends.
OptiFlash CoC - OptiFlash Cleveland Open Cup
HFP 38X - Manual Flashpoint Analyzers
CID 510 - Cetane Ignition Delay - CID 510 - Cetane Ignition Delay
HDV 632 - Vacuum Distillation
HGT 915 - Gum Test
HGT917 - Gum Test
HRB 754 - Ring and Ball
HVM 472 - Multirange Viscometer
HVP 972 - Automated Vapor Pressure
HVU 481 - Automated Ubbelohde Viscometer
HVU 482 - Automated Ubbelohde Viscometer
OptiDist - Benchmark in Distillation
OptiFlash - Pensky Martens - Safe and Easy Flash Point Determination
OptiFlash - Tag & Abel - Safe and Easy Flash Point Determination
OptiFlash - Small Scale - OptiFlash - Small Scale


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Terror-linked CAIR's Ibrahim 'Dougie' Hooper waxes on about intolerant 'Islamophobic' Minnesotastans who don't want a mosque in their neighborhood where no Muslims live; makes demands that corporations welcome Muslim headbags; wants tiny fire at mosque building investigated as hate crime; continues whining about NYPD spying on Muslims, adding that the Pilgrims came here to escape that.
Sorry, Dougie, the Pilgrims had no idea there would be subversives like your ilk here, hiding behind a false religion, using our laws against us, for the sole purpose of destroying the American way of life and system of government and replacing it with a barbaric one called sharia. Every time I post something about this lowlife sewer rat, I have to XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX out what I really want to say about him.

subset: commoncrawl


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Excellent business location with high visibility and traffic flow. Planned DOT changes projected for 2018 of Hwy 20 and Hwy ES (Main Street) intersection. New certified re-division survey map recorded with the Register of Deeds in Walworth County. Survey Map, Condition Report, Covenants & Restrictions of file. Go to Easttroywi.gov for current allowable use of property in the zoning & licensing tab.
Features Vacant Land
|1 Story SqFt Min: 0
|2 Story SqFt Min: 0
|2 Story 1st Flr SqFt Min: 0
|Topography: Level
|Body of Water:
|Taxes: $1,813
|Tax Year: 2015
|Lot Size:
|Est Acreage: 1.01
|School District: East Troy Community
|High School:
|Middle School:
|Elementary School:
|Zoning: B-3
Estimate your monthly mortgage payment
How much can I borrow?
Speak with a mortgage consultant: 608-276-5210


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Monday, June 26, 2017
Cats Rule.....Dogs Drool?????
11 comments:
- Sonny P.June 26, 2017 at 2:12 PM
Cute and so right on with dogs and cats personalities !ReplyDelete
I am impressed that you hand drew your bow and string inside ! Hall Mark may be calling .....
Ha ha ha it's a riot! So true!ReplyDelete
my kitties would fully support this! darling card and characters!ReplyDelete
I love them, too! Fabulous card!ReplyDelete
Wonderful cards I love the stamps from there and was going to order but the postage was something like $85 dollars to Australia, unbelievable. So I will live without them. Fabulous pairing of the cat and dog, so cute.ReplyDelete
Lovely card and such a cute and fun image, i love it.ReplyDelete
Thank you for joining us at the Sweet Stampers Challenge and i hope to see you again.
What a cute card! Love the fun images. Thanks for joining us at The Paper Players!ReplyDelete
Oh, my gosh, too cute! I had to go look and I adore their stamps. There is so much to discover and love out there. Impossible to keep up and no time to have it all. Thanks for sharing, Maria!ReplyDelete
Maria, I love how you combined the two sets and the sentiment is perfect. Great take on the sketch. So glad you joined us at the Paper Players this weekReplyDelete
Was für eine niedliche Karte. Vielen Dank für die Teilnahme an der Challenge der Sweet Stampers. LG KarinaReplyDelete
Oh, I'm in love with your cat and dog ♥ Super lovely card! Thanks for sharing your work with us at the Sweet Stampers Challenge.ReplyDelete
Hugs Marlene


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Terminally Ill Texas Man Sees 'The Force Awakens' Early [UPDATED]
(Update: November 5, 2015)
According to Daniel's wife's Facebook page, Daniel got to see "Star Wars Episode 7: The Force Awakens," so that mean #FORCEFORDANIEL was a success!
To all our wonderful supporters, friends, family and awesome strangers: Daniels final dream was just granted!!! Today…
Posted by Ashley Fleetwood on Thursday, November 5, 2015
On behalf of everyone here at our station we want to say congratulations to Daniel and Ashley, and we hope he gets to see the movie again with all his friends when the long anticipated sequel is officially released. Needless to say, the force is strong with young Fleetwood, and we hope to see a trending new hashtag #NospoilersfromDaniel
(Update: November 2, 2015)
According to Uproxx.com, word has gotten around to Mark Hamill who even wants to see Daniel Fleetwood see the new 'Star Wars' movie. Some other news outlets have even gotten their eyes on Daniel's story, and so far it's looking good.
Warwick Davis even tweeted this in support.
Dear @DisneyStudios, #SW fan, Daniel Fleetwood's dying wish is to see #TheForceAwakens. Please make his wish come true. #ForceForDaniel RT
— Warwick Davis (@WarwickADavis) November 3, 2015
Warwick Davis played the most recognizable Ewok, Wicket, in the "Return of the Jedi," and a few other movies.
(Original Post: October 30, 2015)
Huge Star Wars fan and fellow Texan, Daniel Fleetwood, was diagnosed with an aggressive soft tissue cancer a few years ago, and his last wish before he passes is to see the new "Star Wars Episode 7: The Force Awakens".
If this sounds familiar to you, it's because Daniel's story resembles the plot of the 2009 movie, "Fanboys". Daniel's struggle is no work of Hollywood fiction, however, and his family and friends are trying to share his story with anyone who will listen as an attempt to get this in the eyes of J.J. Abrams or whoever can get Daniel to see the movie earlier. Friends of his family are sharing Facebook posts, which you have undoubtedly already have seen on your Facebook wall. His wife's original post can be found in this link, and currently has just over 70 likes and 120 shares.
Does anyone happen to know when the critics will be able to review Star Wars before it's open to the public? I've been…
Posted by Ashley Fleetwood on Tuesday, October 27, 2015
Daniel's loved one have raised over $15,000 to help with medical bills according to their GoFundMe page, and the money continues to pour in. There's just something about an underdog story that gets folks excited to help out. If Daniel doesn't get to see the new Star Wars movie early, hopefully he'll hold out to be able to see it with the rest of us, but why leave it to chance?
According to a recent update on Daniel's GoFundMe page shows that his medical condition his declining, so every share of this story counts.
September 20th 2015:
Daniel was given 1-2 months left to live on September 1st, the cancer had become aggressive and growing rapidly. He is now on hospice at home and we are cherishing every moment we have. We appreciate the support, emotionally, financially and spiritually."
You can do your part by helping spread the word and share this story, at least to let it get the happiest ending it can get.


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Israel News
Middle East
American Politics
Edition française
Green Israel
TOMER AVITAL, author of 'The Parliament,' stands outside the Knesset in Jerusalem.
(photo credit:Courtesy)
The Knesset is the perfect setting for a drama. It's full of power, intrigue and ambition and Tomer Avital, in his 2013 book The Parliament, added murder to the mix.Avital admitted his Hebrew murder mystery novel was written with an agenda, describing an extreme case of what can happen when there is a lack of transparency in the Knesset, particularly in regards to lobbyists.
By DANIEL K. EISENBUD
By LAHAV HARKOV
Sponsored Content
By DANIEL K. EISENBUD
By DANIEL K. EISENBUD
By JEREMY SHARON
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Learn everything about our checked baggage policy for your flight, including our For all regions, your checked baggage allowance is: And when traveling to these destinations This content can be expanded. On trips booked before July 26, Trips originating in the U.S. to Cuba pay the standard $25 1st bag fee. Show the content of the page Open menumenu . You are traveling to or from the United States or Canada and the 1st In this case, the Air France rules apply to all flights on your trip (departure and At any time after buying your ticket and up to 30 hours before your flight's Select the geographic region of your trip. Learn everything you need to know about checked baggage for your flight Pets. Review Delta's guidelines and fees for pet travel before you pack your kennel. Read Delta's guidelines before your next flight. Geographic Region Travel within the United States (including the U.S. Virgin Islands & Puerto Rico). Bag 3. Learn everything you need to know about checked baggage for your flight Skip to main content Before Your Trip Medallion Members, and Delta SkyMiles Credit Card by American Express Members apply. Please reference Baggage Fee Details & Rules, Baggage Fee Exceptions or the Regions page for more details. Skip to main content Baggage on our flights can be checked at Delta's airport curbside check-in, Please make sure your name is somewhere on your baggage. Read the U.S. DOT's SafeTravel information about travel with spare batteries. and restrictions on certain flights, so be sure to check before you check in.
Schaumburg-Müller, tidligere: Content www en US traveling with us baggage before your trip regions.
|F%C%Bdselsdag og altid i hum%C%Br
|Caso você näo altere sua Senga de Acceso, nâo será possivel acessar sua conta. Find Information About Pet Travel opens in a new window We offer a direct ticketing service for customers who wish to purchase their tickets over the phone through Reservation Sales or in person at airports and other ticket office locations. In Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Simply add up the fees for each option. This fee applies when you change your award travel, but does not apply to Delta Platinum and Diamond Medallion members.
|Sex bondage pige blodtryksmeling anliggender xxx milf hd
|A Direct Ticketing international charge applies to tickets issued in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Coping with fear of flying. Embargo Dates — Excess baggage pieces will not be accepted on flights to the following destination s during these specified dates:. Montego Bay, Jamaica MBJ. So, before you head out to the airport with your little one in tow, find out how much of your child's baggage you can bring onboard the plane with you and what items can be checked.
|Content www en US traveling with us baggage before your trip regions.
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|Content www en US traveling with us baggage before your trip regions.


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Ancient Greece (3) Greek world from the earliest Aegean cultures to the death of Alexander the Great and the beginnings of Hellenistic civilization.
CAMS (HIST) 100 Ancient Greece (3)
(BA) This course meets the Bachelor of Arts degree requirements
The course presents a survey of ancient Greek history and culture beginning with the Bronze Age palace-states of Crete and Mycenae, examines the emergence of Greek city-states, notably Athens and Sparta, traces their transformation through conflicts among themselves and with the Persian empire, and describes their eventual eclipse by the kingdom of Macedon. Since this course treats the beginnings of historical writing among the Greeks, students learn to evaluate diverse historical texts and their relationship to legend, myth, and poetry. The nature of historical thought itself is emphasized throughout the course. Also emphasized is the debate between the egalitarian Justice of democracy, the sober wisdom of oligarchy, and the overwhelming power of monarchy, as experienced by the Greeks down to the end of the fourth century B.C.E.
Note : Class size, frequency of offering, and evaluation methods will vary by location and instructor. For these details check the specific course syllabus.


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In my career at Willis Towers Watson I've had the pleasure of working with hundreds of clients, from some of the largest on earth, to those with fewer than 2,500 employees. From private to public sector, retail to energy services. And one thing has been consistent time and again: they each were secret hoarders at one time or another. Hoarding what, you may ask? Competencies, or defined behaviors that provide structure for the evaluation and development of individual employees.
Why would an organization stockpile competencies? The same script plays out time and again:
- There are multiple competency models within the organization – with no governance in place.
- The organization-wide model includes more competencies than a manager can reasonably assess or on which an employee can realistically focus. But it's all important.
- There are also organizational values in place, with behavioral descriptions that look suspiciously like competencies. These are important too.
- There's a separate leadership model in place that applies to everyone who is considered a leader – often including individual contributors.
- There is a different set of expectations for high potential identification and leadership development.
- Assessments instruments like psychometrics use a whole different set of off-the-shelf competencies instead of being aligned with or bespoke to the organization's model.
- The sales or R&D function has created their own model – and they just rolled it out, so the organization can't do anything about it.
- And, there's talk on the horizon of developing a skills inventory to support workforce planning and allow for the movement of talent.
Sound familiar? Is your head spinning yet? Just imagine how managers and employees feel.
What's a Better Competency Model?
So what are some of the things that organizations do to alleviate the pain? Here are some of the best practices we see emerging in competency model design:
- Figure out everything that exists today – go through each room and every closet where content may be stashed, and create a comprehensive inventory of competency models
- Start anew by defining the organization's overall competency architecture — specify the types of competencies that are included (e.g., core, functional, leadership) and establish governance on the number for each type (note: you may have to evolve to this over time, as competency models are updated or re-defined)
- Remember that less is more – gone are the days of the large libraries of organizational competencies; instead, CEOs want a simple model with 5 or so competencies that can fit on one page and are written in a way that mirrors the organization's culture
- Make a resolution to stop describing and measuring the same things multiple times – if customer focus is important, emphasize it – but it doesn't need to be described and assessed through values, core competencies, leadership competencies and functional competencies in a duplicative way
- Define competency levels aligned with career framework and describe competencies in this manner to allow for transparency of career progression – describe what it looks like to move from an individual contributor to a manager to a director and then senior leader
- Involve the right stakeholders in the process and think in terms of the "nature of work" versus the organization's structure (e.g., software engineers in different parts of the business should not necessarily have different competencies just because they report through different leadership chains)
- Integrate competencies and technical skills throughout the organization's talent programs
Effective User Experience
Beyond design, creating an effective user experience is equally critical. Part of creating an effective user experience includes integrating competencies within various technology platforms. The chart above provides perspective on what to consider.
Streamlining the content of your competency models (addressing any hoarding) and embedding them effectively in technology to support the full talent lifecycle may require an investment of time, resources and I daresay patience, but it creates clear benefits and outcomes for your organization, managers and employees.
This post was originally published February 3, 2016.


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Here is the list of latest Visva Bharati Recruitment 2016 Projects. You can find here all the latest jobs vacancies announced by Visva Bharati along with complete information. The page is all about to announce Visva Bharati, Vacancies, exams and recruitment projects. There are total 4 vacancies open in Visva Bharati as follows:
Visva Bharati Project Fellow/Research Assistant Recruitment 2016: 4 Vacancies
- Age Limit: 40 years
- Qualification:A in Odia or Bengali or Assamese
- Selection Process: Walk-in Interview
- Interview Date & Time: 3rd Oct, 2015 at 10.30 AM
- Application Procedure: Walk-in-Interview with Original & Self Attested Copies
Download Recruitment Official Notification
[toggle title="Visva Bharati Closed/Expired Recruitment Projects 2015-2016″ state="close"]
Visva Bharati University Recruitment 2015 for the 1 posts of Research Assistant: Visva Bharati University had arranged the scheme that is worthy to make the enrollment for the required position announced. The specifics concerning are for the one position of Research Assistant. The process announced mentions are having the age 32 years with relaxation to reserve category candidates. The requirement announced regarding education is M.Sc. (Ag.) in Soil Science or Agriculture Chemistry. Qualified and interested applicants make sure to make the presence for the post to select on the date 5th June 2015 at 11:00 am.
The associated link to the absolute detail is beneath:
Download Recruitment Official Notification[sws_divider_line]
Visva Bharati University Recruitment 2015 for the 3 posts of Field Assistant (Closed): Visva Bharati University had made the generalization of the specific points of the eligibility. These norms are mentioned for the 3 posts of Field Assistant. Applicants are required under the post to have the suitable age of the 30 years and education which is allied with the applicants to have in the possession is the MA or M.Sc. in Geography with sound knowledge of GIS and Remote Sensing or the requirement is of knowledge of Computer Science with the expertise of Web GIS. Applicants that are entitled for the post must attend the session of interview on the date of 28th March 2015.
The web portal which is crucial to get followed is mentioned thoroughly as below:
Download Recruitment Official Notification[sws_divider_line]
Visva Bharati University Recruitment 2015 for the post of Project Fellow (PF) (Closed): Visva Bharati University had announced the interview session which is required the most to be carried for the recent vacated position. The publication announced is for the post of Project Fellow (PF). Applicants under the category reserved are needed to have the education that is provided as M.Sc. in the physics and having qualified in the NET or GATE test. Qualified applicants are requested to make the presence n the date of 27th Feb 2015 at the time of 4:00 am along with all the required certificates.
The link which is concerning to get the recruitment advertisement is provided thoroughly as below:
Download Recruitment Official Notification[sws_divider_line]
Visva Bharati University Recruitment 2015 for the post of Junior Research Fellow (JRF) (Closed): Visva Bharati University for the post of Junior Research Fellow (JRF) had provided the necessary specifics and had conducted the interview session. The norms which are being mentioned to have in the aptitude by the applicants is 28 years regarding the age and educational qualification as admissible is the M.Sc. in the zoology. Applicants are requested to attend the interview session as on the date of the 9th August 2014 and time announced is the 11:30 am.
To have the complete information elementary the link which is required is mentioned to be as below:
Download Recruitment Official Notification


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I too enjoyed a delightful trip to Lake City, and Art Fields yesterday!
A group of twelve friends traveled from Columbia to Lake City to enjoy Art Fields.
We first enjoyed a side trip to Darla Moore's grounds and a fantastic tour of the gardens. Following our tour, we continued on to Lake City where we thoroughly enjoyed Lake City and all the wonderful art. We dined, shopped and visited with locals and merchants throughout the afternoon. Our day from beginning to end was a delight.
We had one annoying experience with an artist couple that basically attacked everyone that walked into the store that their particular art was being displayed. Their approach was more then annoying and I later found out that they had not only approached every customer coming and going in the store their art was displayed, but even went into other shops and solicited votes, even in front of the artists in the other shops.
I understand they must be very excited and thrilled to be one of the artists chosen to participate, but I found it obnoxious and it turned me off completely from them, and their work. None of the other artists in that store or the other stores I visited displayed the same type of behavior.
Next year we may consider staying overnight in order to enjoy even more of Art Fields and Lake City. Hopefully next year, all the artists will allow their work to promote them, rather then the artist promoting themselves in the aggressive way this couple choose to do it.
You, my son, Gordon working with Chef Fred @ Fat Hen, Mike @ Terra in Columbia, Travis @ Rosso in Columbia and so many more all show your love of what you do in the kitchen, and in your restaurants each and every day. And we, that are fortunate enough to enjoy your craft, your skill and your love of all you do in the kitchen thank you all again and again and again!


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Man accused of cultivating cannabis plants
A 22-year-old man has been charged with cultivating and possessing drugs, after police searched a home in Albion Park Rail for illicit drugs yesterday.
Police allege five cannabis plants growing in a sophisticated hydroponic set up were found in a bedroom of the house.
They say they found more cannabis plants growing in another bedroom.
The 22-year-old man from Blackbutt has been charged with cultivating and possessing a prohibited drug and is due to appear in court later this month.
Topics: drug-offences, albion-park-rail-2527


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Recent NewsMSc student Atefeh Lafzi has been accepted to the Center for Genome Regulation PhD program in Barcelona, Spain!
Recent WorkChandrasekaran S, Cokol-Cakmak M, Sahin N, Yilancioglu K, Kazan H, Collins JJ, Cokol M. Chemogenomics and orthology‐based design of antibiotic combination therapies Molecular Systems Biology 12(5):872. FULL TEXT. This paper is selected for the cover page of MSB!
Lafzi A, Kazan H. (2016) Inferring RBP-Mediated Regulation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma PLoS One. 11(5), e0155354 FULL TEXT.
Berkowitz N, Silverman I, Childress D, Kazan H, Wang LS, Gregory B. (2016) A comprehensive database of high-throughput sequencing-based RNA secondary structure probing data (Structure Surfer). BMC Bioinformatics, 17:215 FULL TEXT.
de Bruin RG et al., Transcriptome-wide regulation of pre-mRNA splicing and expression by the RNA-binding protein Quaking during monocyte to macrophage differentiation. Nature Communications. 7: 10846.FULL TEXT.
HafezQorani S, Lafzi A, de Bruin RG, van Zonneveld AJ, van der Veer EP. Son YA, Kazan, H. (2016) Modeling the combined effect of RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs in post-transcriptional regulation. Nucleic Acids Research, 44(9):e83. FULL TEXT.
Work Experience
|Assistant Professor, Antalya International University, Turkey
|[Fall 2011]
|Research Intern, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK
|PhD, Computer Science, University of Toronto
|BSc, Computer Science and Engineering, Sabanci University, Turkey
Research Interests
Computational Biology, Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, Regulatory Genomics


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Casa Fernando Pessoa
Discover the home and work of Fernando Pessoa, one of Portugal's greatest poets. Find out how he lived and where he wrote; and imagine what he saw from his window to feed his inspiration.
Traveller Rating: Based on 141 reviews
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Rua Coelho da Rocha, 16, Campo de Ourique
1250-088 - Lisboa


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|Problems? Is your data what you think it is?
Re^2: apache web service with perl clientby Anonymous Monk
|on Aug 17, 2012 at 20:19 UTC ( #988093=note: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
what I'm wondering is why when i run the client code via command line - it doesn't work. but when i run the client code via browser by typing the http://localhost/client.pl, i was able to get the expected value.
In Section Seekers of Perl Wisdom


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A BIKER aims to follow in the tyre tracks of princes William and Harry by braving one of the world's toughest challenges.
Noel Robertson, pictured, is planning to take part in Enduro Africa, an international event that involves more than 1,000 miles of off-road biking, tackling 60-degree ascents and other obstacles in the South African wilderness.
The event in October aims to raise at least £150,000 for four charities, including UNICEF and the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund. Last year competitors included Prince William and Prince Harry.
Noel is planning to be one of about 200 bikers taking part next year and hopes to raise £15,000 – but first he must find almost £5,000 to cover the entrance fee.
The project support engineer, from New Milton, said: "I've got to the age where I feel the need to give something back. I come from South Africa and the charities appeal to me." Sponsor Noel at ezee4u2.com.


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The Sony UP-D898MD is a compact A6 medical grade black and white digital printer. It's designed to be integrated into a wide range of compatible medical imaging environments such as digital ultrasound systems, mobile C-arms or cardiac catheterisation laboratory. The high quality thermal print engine can produce hard copy prints of still images captured by these systems for use in patient records and referrals.
Key Features:
|Operating Temperature
|5°C to 40°C (41°F to 104°F)
|154 x 88 x 240 mm (6 1/6 x 3 1/2 x 9 1/2 inches)
|325 dp
|Picture elements
|Digital: 4,096 x 1,280 dots
|Picture area (max)
|320 x 100 mm (12 5/8 x 4 inches)
|2.5 kg (5 lb 8 oz)


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This may be my first "Andy Rooney moment" on this blog, but I feel like a crusty old man today.
Growing up in the 80s, I was a huge fan of the cartoon show The Transformers, as well as the complete line of toys that the show hawked. Yes, "hawked". I never realized it at the time, but looking back at it now, I realize it was nothing but a giant commerical for the Hasbro toy company to help them sell more toys. Each episode would introduce one or more new characters for the sole purpose of making kids say, "Woah! That one's cool. Mom! Dad! I want that one!" Of course many parents obliged, and Hasbro made a nice mint.
I had a whole bunch of them. I won't say I had all of them... my parents did a good job of not spoiling my brothers and I too much. I kept mine in good condition. While most kids had broken off all of the flimsy parts, I was rather anal about keeping the weapons and detachable parts in zip lock bags along with the instruction manuals and "battle cards" that were from the back of each box.
One day, when I had outgrown the Transformers, my parents wanted me to clean out my old toys. So... at a garage sale my folks had, I ended up selling all of them in one pop for $25. Woo hoo! $25 bucks! That was a windfall to a tweenager eager to fund his next obsession: Music. I went down to Musicland in the old Manalapan Mall and was able to buy two Billy Joel CDs. CDs were relatively new at the time. Some how, the ability to play crystal clear music instantly on demand seemed a lot more desirable than Optimus Prime and Megatron figures sitting on the shelf in my bedroom.
A couple of years ago, the Transformers cartoon series was released on DVD. On a nostalgic streak spurred on by that news, I took a peak on eBay at the Transformers. I was shocked to see that the original toys were fetching $100 bucks or more a piece! What an idiot I was back in '88! Why, oh why, did I practically give them all away for nothing! I could have made a couple of thousand if only I had held on to them!
Lesson learned: I will NOT throw out any of my son's toys! One day they may be worth something and perhaps help contribute to his college education.
Not long after that, I learned that Hasbro was selling re-issued versions of the original toys from 20 years ago for much cheaper than they were going for on eBay. While I was seriously tempted to buy some, I didn't want to turn into "that guy" who has a toy museum in his room that freaks out anyone over the age of 12 who visits. Instead, I settled for buying the cartoon series on DVD.
Recently, the day arrived for me to experience my nostalgia vicariously through the excitement of my son who, due to my DVDs, had discovered the Transformers for the first time. With the Christmas holiday approaching in December, I decided I'd gift him with some Transformer toys!
Off I went to Toys R Us. They still have to make Optimus Prime, right?! Well, sure enough, there was a whole new line up of Transformers. I always expected that the new ones would be different and perhaps more improved from the old ones. So it was no surprise when I saw some wacky robots and different versions of Optimus Prime and Megatron. (Megatron is a tank now instead of a gun! I guess the anti-gun folks got their way with Hasbro. Although, I really don't see how a tank is less violent than a gun?)
But, then I saw something that really freaked me out. I had to do a double take when I saw one Transfomer that looked like a vehicle contraption from the most recent Star Wars move: Revenge of the Sith.
Huh? What's this? This couldn't be right? A Star Wars vehicle is now a Transformer? The box was mixed in with the other Transformers on the shelf. It had the Transformers' logo on it. I was confused? What's going on here? But then, with a second look, I saw that it also had the Star Wars logo on it too!
Hasbro still makes the Transformers. Apparently, they also make the Star Wars line-up of toys. I looked up and noticed that the Star Wars and Transformers toys were situated in the same aisle, just next to each other. As I panned back over towards the Transformers section of the aisle, I noticed a whole block of toys shelved between the two toy lines that featured both logos. These were Transformers themed after Star Wars. Yes, Hasbro had cross-pollinated the two toy lines!
So now kids will want to play with Star Wars space ships that turn into robots? Are they trying to confuse kids? I don't remember any space ships that turned into robots in the Star Wars films?! Of course there were robots in Star Wars. Who doesn't know and love R2D2 and C3PO! But I don't recall Luke Skywalker ever telling R2D2 to transform and roll out. (Okay... C3PO was 'transformed' into a bunch of broken robot parts in The Empire Strikes Back, but that's not the same thing.)
As I examined the bastardized toys, I saw the most ridiculous item of all. It was a box containing what appeared to be the Millenium Falcon, the well known space ship flown by good guys Han Solo (played by Harrison Ford) and Chewbacca (the furry bear looking guy). According to the box, the Millenium Falcon was a Transfomer that could split in half and turn into robot versions of those two Star Wars characters! Yes... the picture on the box showed a robot with a hairy Chewbacca head!
Nooooo!!! Panic set in! My world was caving in around me! What had they done to my childhood memories?!
Note: Dramatization exaggerated here for the sake of this post.
My poor son is going to be deeply confused! Is R2D2 an Autobot? Darth Vader a Decepticon? It's going to ruin his experience with these classic movies & cartoons. I can see it now... he'll be playing with the new Optimus Prime robot Santa bought him, and acting out a strange new twist on that character's famous line: "Chewbacca... transform and fly out!" What on earth has this world come to!?
I hear that this summer a live action movie based on the Transformers will be coming out. Stay tuned... as next year I'll likely be writing about Transfomers: The Decepticons Strike Back and later Transfomers: Return of the Autobots!


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> AMERICAN DJ WIFLY WASH BAR Battery powered compact linear fixture with built-in WiFly wireless dmx technology, 15 x 1 watt RGB led source,
AMERICAN DJ WIFLY WASH BAR Battery powered compact linear fixture with built-in WiFly wireless dmx technology, 15 x 1 watt RGB led source, (Free Shipping)
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Product Description
The ADJ WiFLY Wash Bar is a battery covered compact LED Linear Fixture with ADJ WiFLY wireless DMX built-in. The 15 1W RGB LEDs allow you to create rich hues and smooth color mixing. The broad range of almost unlimited colors allow for unique stage or wall washing for any event. Turn an entire room into a single color or set up multiple fixtures for a rainbow effect.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 4, 2007
|Filing date
|May 19, 2005
|Priority date
|Jun 14, 2004
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Jonathon Stiff
|Original Assignee
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (31), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (48), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/579,944 filed on Jun. 14, 2004, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates generally to electronic circuits, and more particularly to circuits that generate timing signals.
In electronic systems, timing signals can be very important to the overall performance of the system. One widely used way to synchronize operations of a system (e.g., integrated circuit) with an externally received clock can be with a phase locked loop (PLL). PLLs can address many common timing problems associated with generating a clock signal, including but not limited to, unwanted clock skew and jitter. Of course, PLLs are widely in used in applications other than frequency synchronization, including but not limited to frequency synthesis, frequency translation, frequency detection, and frequency modulation.
To better understand various features of the disclosed embodiments, a conventional PLL arrangement will now be described with reference to
A PLL 900 can include a phase frequency detector 902, charge pump 904, a loop filter (with passive components resistor RL, capacitor CL, and capacitor CS) 906, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 908, and a feedback divider 910. These blocks of a PLL 900 can form a negative feedback loop that operates to match the phases and frequencies of the two PFD input signals, φIN and φFBK. A feedback divider 910 can allow the synthesized output signal to operate at "P" times the input frequency, thus enabling the PLL to generate an output signal φOUT in phase but greater in frequency than the reference input signal φIN.
Because a PLL is a feedback loop, a loop frequency response can be important for determining the stability of the overall circuit. In order for a loop to be stable, the total loop phase shift must typically be less than 180 degrees when the open loop gain falls below 0 dB (at the open loop bandwidth).
In a basic charge pump PLL, the stable loop frequency range in the PLL can be far less variable over process and environmental conditions (due mostly to RC component variations of the loop filter) than the open loop bandwidth. Therefore, knowledge of the open loop bandwidth within the less variable stable loop frequency range can show the relative stability of the PLL. For example, if the open loop bandwidth is beyond the stable loop frequency range window, one can reasonably infer either instability or well under-damped stability.
Utilizing the transfer functions shown in
While measurement of PLL loop dynamics, including the open loop bandwidth, can provide insight into loop stability, such measurements are conventionally taken by bench and pico-probe testing whereby individual PLL component measurements are taken by an individual. Such methods present a more complex or invasive method than could be achieved through automated chip/part testing. As result, such approaches can be slow, inefficient, and expensive. Therefore, full PLL testing, which includes the open loop bandwidth measurement, is typically only completed on a small sample set of any particular PLL chip/part taken from a much larger manufacturing lot or group of devices.
Conventional PLL test measurements taken during production typically include only a "lock" test, which can reveal PLL stability in a binary sense (true/false), but reveals no other information about the PLL loop dynamics.
In light of the above, it would be desirable to have a test mechanism for testing PLL loop dynamics that can be more easily and inexpensively implemented than conventional approaches, such as bench testing.
The present invention can include a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit that includes a test loop filter. A test loop filter can include a resistor-capacitor (RC) network coupled to a control node. A control can be coupled to a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The test loop filter can also incorporate a test leg coupled to the RC network that includes a test resistance, and at least one test controllable impedance path in series with the test resistance. The test leg can provide a high impedance in a non-test mode and a low impedance in a test mode.
In a test mode, a current can be caused to flow through a loop filter resistance to thereby generate a voltage at the control node that can be controlled in order to test PLL circuit parameters.
According to one aspect of the embodiments, a test controllable impedance path can comprise a transistor. In such an arrangement, test capabilities can be added to an existing PLL circuit design with the addition of only a few circuit components.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, an RC network can include a load resistance and a first filter capacitor in series with one another between the control node and a first power supply node. A test leg can be coupled in series with the load resistance and in parallel with the first filter capacitor. More particularly, a load resistance can be coupled to the first filter capacitor at a filter node, and the test leg can include a test resistance coupled to the first filter node and the test controllable impedance path coupled between test resistance and the first power supply node.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a test leg can further include an offset voltage circuit coupled in series with a test resistance.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a test resistance can be a variable resistance that is varied in the test mode. In this way, different control voltages can be generated based on resistance values, as opposed to a varying test current value.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a PLL circuit can further include an adjustable current supply that provides a selectable current to the control node in the test mode. In this way, different control voltages can be generated based on a test current value provided to a test loop filter. In one advantageous arrangement, an adjustable current supply can be an existing section of a charge pump circuit that provides a current supply based on a phase difference signal in the non-test mode.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a PLL circuit can further include a phase detector circuit that provides a phase difference value. In a test mode, the phase difference value can vary according to test input values. In a non-test mode, the phase difference value can be based a difference between an input signal and feedback signal. A charge pump circuit can be coupled to the control node and provide a current to the control node based on the phase difference value output from the phase detector circuit. In this way, different control voltages can be generated based on a test values provided to a phase detector circuit.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a PLL circuit can further include a phase detector that generates a phase different value based on a phase difference between an input signal and a feedback signal. A charge pump can be coupled between the phase detector and control node that provides a current to the control node based on the phase difference value. In addition, a feedback path can be coupled between an output of the VCO and an input of the phase detector. The feedback path can include a loop switch that opens the feedback path in the test mode and remains closed in a non-test mode. In this way, different control voltages can be generated based on opening a feedback path of the PLL circuit.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, the loop filter is formed in the same integrated circuit substrate as other portions of the PLL. In such an arrangement, a PLL manufactured as an integrated or as a portion of an integrated circuit can be easily tested for an open loop bandwidth value.
The present invention can also include a method of testing a PLL circuit. The method can include enabling a test leg that draws current through a load resistance of a PLL loop filter to generate a control voltage at an input of a voltage controlled oscillator. The method can also include varying the control voltage and measuring the output frequency of the PLL for each of the different control voltages. Such a method can help arrive at an open loop bandwidth determination for a PLL without invasive or time consuming testing.
According to one aspect of the embodiments, a PLL circuit can be formed in an integrated circuit. Further, enabling the test leg comprises turning on a transistor in response to a test signal applied from a source external to the integrated circuit.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, varying a control voltage can include providing a first test current of magnitude "I" to generate one control voltage, and providing currents having a multiple of "I" to generate a plurality of other control voltages.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, varying a control voltage can include outputting predetermined different phase difference values from a phase detector and generating test currents in response to each different phase difference value. Such test currents can be provided to the loop filter.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, varying a control voltage can include opening a feedback loop of the PLL.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a method can further include performing a linear regression on output frequency measurements and corresponding values used to vary the control voltage.
The present invention can also include a PLL having a test loop filter that includes a load resistor coupled to a control voltage node and a test leg that provides a current path through the load resistor that is disabled in a non-test mode and enabled in a test mode. The PLL can also include a voltage controlled oscillator coupled to the test loop filter that generates an output signal having a frequency determined, at least in part, on a voltage generated on the control voltage node.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a test loop filter can include a load resistor coupled in series with a first load capacitor, and a switch element coupled between the load resistor and a power supply node.
According to another aspect of the embodiments, a PLL can further include a variable supply current circuit that provides an output current to the test loop filter that has a magnitude that can be varied in response to test signals in the test mode.
Various embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to a number of drawings. The embodiments include a loop filter circuit, phase locked loop (PLL) circuit, and test method that can arrive at an open loop gain measurement for a PLL circuit that may be less invasive, faster, and simpler than conventional approaches.
A first embodiment of the present invention can include a test loop filter of a PLL circuit. A test loop filter is designated by the general reference character 100, and can include a resistor-capacitor (RC) network 102 and a test leg 104. An RC network 102 can be situated between a control node 106 and a supply node 108 (in this case a low voltage power supply node, such as ground). In the very particular example of
A test leg 104 can be connected to a load resistance RL, and when enabled, can provide a current path through load resistance RL. In the very particular example shown in
Accordingly, in a non-test mode, switch element 104-1 can provide a high impedance and RC network 102 can operate in the same essential way as conventional loop filter 906 shown in
In contrast, in a test mode, switch element 104-1 can provide a low impedance. Consequently, loop filter 100 can provide a control voltage VCTRL that corresponds to the current flowing through load resistance RL and test resistance RS. This can enable the acquisition of test data for measuring the open loop gain for a PLL circuit containing the loop filter 100. More details and examples of such measurements will be described below.
A second embodiment loop filter 200 can differ from the first embodiment in that a test leg 204′ may also include an offset voltage circuit 204-2. An offset voltage circuit 204-2 can introduce an offset voltage component VOFFSET to a control voltage VCTRL.
A third embodiment loop filter 300 can differ from the second and first embodiments in that a switch element 304-1′ can include a insulated gate field effect transistor (e.g., a pull-down MOSFET M1) having a source-drain path coupled between a load resistance RL and a power supply voltage node 308, and a gate that receives a signal TestOn.
It is understood that a loop filter, with added components of a test leg, can preferably be formed in the same substrate that contains the corresponding PLL circuit. In such an arrangement, test capabilities can be introduced into a PLL circuit by adding only a few additional circuit components to an existing PLL circuit design.
As noted above, in determining an open loop gain value, a current provided to a loop filter can be adjusted, or otherwise selected by a testing device and/user. More particularly, when a switch element (e.g., the pull-down MOSFET M1) is turned "on," current can flow through a load resistor RL. Voltage can be generated across RL by forcing a charge pump UP current (IUP) "on." An UP current, IUP, can be forced "on" using a number of techniques, a few of which are illustrated below in
Most, if not all, charge pump PLLs can have a built in charge pump current varying capability where the value is changed by X times a reference value IREF (where X can take a number of values greater than one). In a test mode, a charge pump value can be alterable by external part pin programming (using any common method via a part tester). As will be described in more detail below, by varying IUP=X*IREF over several values, a PLL open loop gain value can be derived from the resulting data.
In a non-test mode, current IUP can be based on a phase difference value Δphase generated by a phase detector circuit, or the like. In this way, capacitors (i.e., CS and CL) within loop filter 402 can be charged up to create a larger control voltage VCTRL when a phase difference exist (e.g., lag or lead), and thereby increase the frequency of VCO output signal ΦOUT. A charge pump 404 may optionally include another controllable current source (or discharge path) 406-1 that discharges capacitors (i.e., CS and CL) within loop filter 402 to decrease control voltage VCTRL when an opposite phase difference exist (e.g., lead or lag), and thereby decrease the frequency of VCO output signal ΦOUT.
However, in a test mode, and unlike conventional operations, a current IUP can be based on a test established value TestCtrl. In this way, a control voltage VCTRL can be generated that is based on a voltage generated across load resistance RL and any test resistance (and/or offset voltage) present in a test leg 408, rather than on charged capacitors. A value of current IUP can be varied to generate multiple data points, each corresponding to a different current value IUP (or control voltage value IUP can). Preferably, the values of current IUP can include a reference current IREF and a number of multiples of the reference current X*IREF (where 1<X<N, and N is an integer greater than 2).
In this way, charge pump current switching can be used to provide different current levels to a test loop filter in a test mode.
While it may particularly advantageous to generate varying values for a current IUP using built-in capabilities of charge pump, it may be possible to generate such values according to alternate ways, two of which are set forth below.
A PLL circuit section 500 can differ from that of
In a non-test mode, a phase difference value Δphase can be generated by a PDF 508 based on a phase difference between an input signal ΦIN and a feedback signal ΦFBK. In response to such a phase difference, a charge pump 506′ can provide a current IUP (and optionally IDWN) to test loop filter 508. That is, the PLL circuit section 500 operates in a conventional fashion.
However, in a test mode, and unlike conventional operations, a phase difference value Δphase can be based on a test established value TestCtrl. In this way, a control voltage VCTRL can be generated that is based on a voltage generated across load resistance RL and any test resistance (and/or offset voltage) present in a test leg 508, rather than on charged capacitors. A phase difference value can be varied to generate various data points, as noted above in the description of the fourth embodiment.
In this way, phase detector output can be used to provide different current levels to a test loop filter in a test mode.
A PLL circuit 600 can differ from that of
In a non-test mode, loop switch element 612 provides a low impedance, enabling feedback path 610 and thereby providing a feedback signal ΦFBK to PFD 608. This completes a negative feedback loop that forces feedback signal ΦFBK to match input signal ΦIN.
However, in a test mode, and unlike conventional operations, a loop switch element 612 can provide a high impedance path that disables feedback path 610. This opens the negative feedback loop of the PLL circuit. In such a case, PDF 608′ can generate a phase difference value Δphase that causes charge pump 606′ to provide a current IUP to test loop filter 602. In this way, a control voltage VCTRL can be generated that is based on a voltage generated across load resistance RL and any test resistance (and/or offset voltage) present in a test leg 508, rather than on charged capacitors. A phase difference value can be varied to generate various data points, as noted above in the description of the fourth embodiment. As but one very particular example, multiple phase difference values can be generated by opening a feedback loop for different amounts of time.
In this way, a feedback loop can be opened to provide different current levels to a test loop filter in a test mode.
Referring back to
From the VCTRL, a VCO can generate an output frequency determined by the following Eq. 4.1.
F OUT =K VCO *V CTRL +F OFFSET Eq. 4.1
Substituting in the value of VCTRL, one can obtain Eq. 4.2, which shows the relationship:
F OUT =K VCO*(I UP [R L +R S ]+V OFFSET)+FOFFSET Eq. 4.2
where FOUT is the frequency of a signal output from a VCO, KVCO is the VCO frequency vs. control voltage transfer function, IUP is a current provided to a test loop filter (e.g., from a charge pump, or the like), RL is a load resistance, RS is a test resistance, VOFFSET is the offset voltage, and FOFFSET is an inherent VCO frequency offset.
After further simplification where the fixed offsets are separated from the rest of the equation, it can be seen that the change in frequency is dominated by the important PLL terms.
F OUT =K VCO I UP(R L +R S)+(K VCO V OFFSET +F OFFSET) Eq. 4.3
By varying IUP=X*IREF over several values, one can separate out the constant offset terms and arrive at KVCOIUP(RL+RS). This value is important because it nearly comprises the equation for a 3rd order charge pump PLLs open loop bandwidth (OLBW), as shown in Eq. 4.4.
The remaining loop filter capacitor and resistor ratio and feedback divider terms can be fixed quantities that are determined in the design and do not change significantly with process variation. Therefore, this measurement can arrive at a PLL open loop bandwidth measurement, which as note above, can indicate PLL stability and can be used to estimate its closed loop bandwidth.
Testing according to the above embodiments can be advantageously accomplished without invasive or time consuming probing. An embodiment illustrating such an arrangement is shown in
A tester 706 can apply test signals to a DUT 702 in a conventional fashion, such as at package pins, bond pads or test pads. In the very particular example of
In the very particular example of
It is understood that a tester 706 can be connected to a DUT 702 by conventional tester connections, including but not limited to socket connections that hold a DUT 702 in the form of a packaged integrated circuit, or probes (electrically connected to bond pads and/or test pads) in the case of a DUT 702 that is unpackaged (i.e., in die, or multi-die form).
In this way, according to an embodiment, test connections for a PLL open loop bandwidth test can be made in a conventional tester fashion, which is far less complex and invasive than conventional bench testing.
In very particular example of
Further, while the arrangement of
While the present invention has been described in terms of circuits and test systems, the present invention may also include test methods for PLLs and devices that include PLLs. One example of a method according to an embodiment is shown in
A method 800 can include placing a chip/part in a tester (step 1). As but a few examples, such a step can include placing a packaged part in a tester socket and/or applying probes to an individual die and/or die of a wafer. Power can then be applied to the device under test (e.g., chip/part) (step 2).
A DUT can then be placed into a test mode and a test features within the PLL can be enabled. Such a step can include various conventional approaches, including but not limited to, applying a predetermined potential to one or more pins/pads and/or entering a predetermined command to a DUT. Once a test mode has been entered, an initial test current value IUP can be set. This may be accomplished by any of the various approaches noted above, and equivalents. Further, a current path may be enabled that includes the load resistance (RL) of a PLL loop filter. The very particular example of
Method 800 can also include programming IUP to some initial value. In the particular example shown, this step (step 4) includes programming a current value to the following: IUP=X*IREF, where X is a selectable value.
Once an initial test current is flowing through the PLL loop filter, a frequency can be measured. In
A method 800 can then continue to take more data point measurements by varying the value of X and repeating the previous steps (step 6).
Data values acquired for different values of X can then be accumulated. For example, such data values can be stored in a memory, or, as in the very particular example of
Once multiple data values are accumulated, a slope can be calculated for the data set. Such a step can include executing a linear regression on the data values set to arrive at a slope. Such a slope can represent the value PSLOPE=KVCO*IREF*(RL+RS), where PSLOPE is the calculated slope, KVCO is the gain of the PLL VCO, RL is a loop filter load resistance as described above, and RS is a test resistance as described above (step 8).
From such a slope value, a PLL open loop bandwidth for any particular X setting can be given by:
where P is a divider value of a divider in a feedback loop, CL is a first loop filter capacitance as noted above, and CS is a second loop filter capacitance as noted above.
In this way, an open loop bandwidth can be calculated for a PLL without invasive testing and relatively simple calculation steps.
The above embodiments provide a novel embedded PLL test arrangement that can avoid the complicated and/or invasive techniques required by conventional bench measurements. Utilizing any of the various embodiments, an automated tester can complete the measurement(s) needed to arrive at an open loop bandwidth value during die and/or packaged part testing. Therefore, instead of testing only a few devices to characterize or qualify a group or family of parts, all, or a significantly larger number of parts can be tested. The data generated can be either used to selectively group parts (commonly known as binning) or as a pass/fail check.
In addition, the above described embodiments can be useful in that the additional circuit components are small and easily added to an existing PLL circuit. Further, because the measurement may only require part pin programming and frequency measurement ability (something any generic PLL/clock part tester can accomplish), it can offer low cost testing. In addition, the data generated by the test can reveal statistically relevant information about the PLL performance over entire part productions, which could be applied to enhance further design or to confirm or improve part specifications.
As mentioned above, in one exemplary embodiment the PLL open loop bandwidth data could be utilized to separate devices having PLLs into different product bins, for example during device manufacturing and testing. In one instance, the higher bandwidth PLLs parts for a device (e.g., zero delay buffer clock) could have greater value in the marketplace due to the enhanced performance such a high PLL bandwidth provides. Application of the open loop bandwidth data could also be used to check PLL stability for a pass/fail verification test. One skilled in the art would recognize that many other applications are possible, thus the uses are not limited to the examples given above.
It is understood that the above embodiments represent but particular examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting to the invention. As but a few of the many alternate embodiments, MOSFETs included in the improved circuit shown could also be replaced with bipolar transistors, or junction FETs. A complementary solution could also be implemented by switching NMOS and PMOS as well as the positive power supply and the negative power supply.
In a yet another alternate embodiment, a loop filter resistance value could also be varied in order to generate different VCTRL values from which the same PLL open loop information could be extracted. More particularly, a load resistance RL could be composed of a number of resistances arranged in series and or parallel, where such resistances can be switched into or out of a current path according to test signals. Such a method, however, may not be as precise as the indicated method since X*IREF (due to current mirroring) can be more precise in actual application than RL=X*RREF (from resistor switching) and would, therefore, could have greater error.
Along these same lines, while one particular method is shown in
For purposes of clarity, many of the details of (subject matter) and the methods of designing and manufacturing the same that are widely known and are not relevant to the present invention have been omitted from the following description.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various portions of this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined as suitable in one or more embodiments of the invention.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
It is also understood that other embodiments of this invention may be practiced in the absence of an element/step not specifically disclosed herein.
Accordingly, while the various aspects of the particular embodiments set forth herein have been described in detail, the present invention could be subject to various changes, substitutions, and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Oct 23, 2003
|Dec 27, 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Adaptive method and apparatus to control loop bandwidth of a phase lock loop
|May 22, 2003
|Apr 18, 2006
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Low-pass filter for a PLL, phase-locked loop and semiconductor integrated circuit
|Feb 7, 2003
|Nov 7, 2006
|Pericom Semiconductor Corp.
|PLL with built-in filter-capacitor leakage-tester with current pump and comparator
|Apr 11, 2001
|Oct 17, 2002
|Sander Wendell B.
|PLL bandwidth switching
|Apr 21, 2003
|Nov 20, 2003
|Fujitsu Limited
|Frequency synthesizer circuit
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 29, 2006
|Aug 4, 2009
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Switches bidirectionally connecting external lead to PLL voltage tune line
|Dec 27, 2007
|Jun 15, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Universal digital block interconnection and channel routing
|Dec 12, 2007
|Jun 15, 2010
|Integrated Device Technology, Inc.
|Phase step clock generator
|Sep 9, 2002
|Jul 20, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Method for parameterizing a user module
|Nov 1, 2001
|Jul 27, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Conditional branching in an in-circuit emulation system
|Nov 19, 2001
|Aug 3, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|System and method for dynamically generating a configuration datasheet
|Nov 19, 2001
|Aug 10, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Sleep and stall in an in-circuit emulation system
|Apr 30, 2007
|Nov 2, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Programmable microcontroller architecture(mixed analog/digital)
|Nov 19, 2001
|Nov 30, 2010
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|System and method for performing next placements and pruning of disallowed placements for programming an integrated circuit
|Nov 13, 2007
|Feb 22, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Method and circuit for rapid alignment of signals
|Dec 27, 2007
|Sep 27, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|System level interconnect with programmable switching
|Mar 31, 2008
|Oct 18, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Programmable sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter
|Sep 5, 2007
|Nov 1, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Circuit and method for improving the accuracy of a crystal-less oscillator having dual-frequency modes
|Feb 21, 2007
|Nov 29, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Input/output multiplexer bus
|Nov 19, 2001
|Nov 29, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|User interface for efficiently browsing an electronic document using data-driven tabs
|Jun 12, 2007
|Nov 29, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Techniques for generating microcontroller configuration information
|Aug 10, 2005
|Nov 29, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Providing hardware independence to automate code generation of processing device firmware
|Mar 27, 2008
|Dec 13, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Power management architecture, method and configuration system
|Nov 9, 2001
|Dec 13, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Graphical user interface with user-selectable list-box
|Feb 19, 2008
|Dec 27, 2011
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Poly-phase frequency synthesis oscillator
|Jun 23, 2005
|Jan 3, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Touch wake for electronic devices
|Oct 1, 2007
|Jan 10, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Temperature sensor with digital bandgap
|Nov 1, 2001
|Jan 24, 2012
|Cypress Semicondutor Corporation
|Breakpoint control in an in-circuit emulation system
|Mar 28, 2002
|Jan 24, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|External interface for event architecture
|Jul 14, 2008
|Feb 21, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Voltage controlled oscillator delay cell and method
|Apr 17, 2008
|Mar 6, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Numerical band gap
|Aug 29, 2001
|Apr 3, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Apparatus and method for programmable power management in a programmable analog circuit block
|Nov 1, 2001
|Apr 17, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|In-circuit emulator and pod synchronized boot
|Oct 22, 2001
|May 8, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Programmable microcontroller architecture
|Aug 10, 2005
|Oct 9, 2012
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Model for a hardware device-independent method of defining embedded firmware for programmable systems
|Oct 11, 2010
|Jan 22, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Programmable microcontroller architecture(mixed analog/digital)
|Jun 3, 2008
|Feb 5, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|System and method for performing next placements and pruning of disallowed placements for programming an integrated circuit
|Nov 20, 2007
|Mar 19, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Reconfigurable testing system and method
|Aug 3, 2011
|Jul 2, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|System level interconnect with programmable switching
|Jun 28, 2011
|Jul 30, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Configuration of programmable IC design elements
|Apr 16, 2008
|Aug 20, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Clock driven dynamic datapath chaining
|Sep 27, 2002
|Sep 10, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Graphical user interface for dynamically reconfiguring a programmable device
|Jun 27, 2011
|Oct 8, 2013
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Microcontroller programmable system on a chip with programmable interconnect
|Nov 29, 2011
|May 6, 2014
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Input/output multiplexer bus
|Dec 16, 2011
|May 27, 2014
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|PSOC architecture
|Nov 28, 2011
|Jul 29, 2014
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Techniques for generating microcontroller configuration information
|Jul 8, 2011
|Dec 9, 2014
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Power management architecture, method and configuration system
|Apr 22, 2010
|Sep 20, 2016
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Autonomous control in a programmable system
|Dec 31, 2007
|Feb 7, 2017
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Dynamically configurable and re-configurable data path
|Mar 28, 2008
|Aug 1, 2017
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|System and method for controlling a target device
|Sep 25, 2015
|Sep 19, 2017
|Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
|Microcontroller programmable system on a chip with programmable interconnect
|Dec 29, 2006
|Jul 3, 2008
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Voltage tune probe, an integrated circuit and a phase locked loop having a voltage tune probe, and a method of screening an integrated circuit employing a phase locked loop thereof
|Sep 16, 2011
|May 9, 2012
|Radar sensor with phase adjustment oscillator
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 22, 2005
Owner name: CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STIFF, JONATHON;REEL/FRAME:016708/0224
Effective date: 20050517
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|Fee payment
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Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 21, 2015
Owner name: MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC., NEW YORK
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Owner name: MONTEREY RESEARCH, LLC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CYPRESS SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:040911/0238
Effective date: 20160811


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44309 4th Street UNIT E, Lancaster CA, 93535 (Residential)
Sold Price:
3 beds , 2 Full baths
1,554 sqft
Status: Sold
Last Updated: 11/24/2017 2:49 AM
Description for 44309 4th Street UNIT E Lancaster, CA 93535
STANDARD SALE!!! Beautifully REMODELED 3 Bed 2 Bath. 1,554 sqft Home!!!
Sold Price:
Sold Date:02/25/2015
Los Angeles
2 Full
1,554 (approx)
STANDARD SALE!!! Beautifully REMODELED 3 Bed 2 Bath. 1,554 sqft Home!!!
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Lancaster is located in California. Lancaster, California 93535 has a population of 161,103.
The median household income in Lancaster, California 93535 is $49,057. The median household income for the surrounding county is $55,870 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Lancaster 93535 is 32.2 years.
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Coil Winder
Wind and splice wires at different lengths for different jobs.
Tends equipment that applies coating of sugar to candy, such as gumdrops and orange slices: Dumps sanding sugar into hopper of rotating cylinder. Turns steam valve and starts conveyor that carries candy through steam bath for heating and moistening, and into cylinder for application of sugar coating. Examines sugared candy as it emerges on conveyor and adjusts flow of steam and sugar to correct imperfections in coating. Notifies other workers to remove malformed or improperly coated candies.


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RJ and me at the baby Dr.
Four months pregnant and we went for a checkup. Waiting on Dr. cause I was having some pain. Everything turned out alright.
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Jen Gaddy, PGA
Main Address:
Windermere, FL 34786-5700
Jennifer Gaddy is a PGA Professional in Windermere, FL. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
National Awards
- 2010 PGA President's Council on Growing the Game
- 2009 PGA President's Council on Growing the Game
- 2006 PGA President's Council on Growing the Game
Home » Golf Courses » Florida » Windermere » Jen Gaddy, PGA
PGA of America Championships
Bellerive Country Club
St. Louis, Missouri
Le Golf National
Guyancourt, France
Harbor Shores Golf Club
Benton Harbor, Michigan
Kemper Lakes Golf Club
Kildeer, Illionis
Quail Hollow Club
Charlotte, North Carolina


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Visions & Affiliations: A California Literary Time Line Part Two
Price: 26.39 USD
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Product Details
Author Name: Foley, Jack
Binding: Paperback
Book Condition: Good
Publisher U.S.A. JACK FOLEY PUB 2011
ISBN Number 1613640684 / 9781613640685
Seller ID 064436
Literary Nonficton. Poetry History & Criticism. California Studies. VISIONS & AFFILIATIONS: A CALIFORNIA TIMELINE 1980-2005 is the second of a two-volume chronoencyclopedia of a scene that stretches over sixty-five years. People, ideas, and stories appear, disappear, and reappear as the second half of the century moves forward. Poetry is a major element in this kaleidoscopic California scene. It is argued about, dismissed, renewed, denounced in fury, asserted as divine, criticized as pornographic. Poetry is as Western as the Sierra foothills, and the questions raised here go to its very heart. Beginning with the publication of Kenneth Rexroth's first book, this all-encompassing history-as-collage plunges us forward into the 21st Century. California authors keep generating massive anthologies in an attempt to tame the chaos of California, to pretend it isn't there. Yet there it is--staring them in the face like a great bear, alive, hungry and more than a little dangerous.
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Pizza enthusiasts crown Toledo's best pies
Mon, 26 Jul 2010 14:54:57 GMT —
Northwest Ohio has a new champion of pizza, as voted by Toledo-area pizza enthusiasts.
The first-ever Pizza Palooza took place at Sylvania's Centennial Terrace July 23 and 24, drawing over 5,000 people eager to try some of the area's best pizza pies.
Eight area vendors vyed for best pizza restaurant in Northwest Ohio. The restaurants included in the 2010 challenge included Amie's Pizza, Andrew Z's Sportz Pizzeria, Bennett's Pizza, Jet's Pizza, Jo-Jo's Pizzaria, Marco's Pizza, The Original Gino's Pizza and Vito's Pizza.
After the slices were dished out and votes counted, winners of the inaugural competition were crowned:
People's Choice Award1. Amie's Pizza 2. Jet's Pizza 3. Vito's Pizza
Judges Choice Award - Cheese/Pepperoni Pizza1. Andrew Z's Sportz Pizzeria 2. Vito's Pizza 3. Jet's Pizza
Judges Choice Award - Specialty Pizza1 Vito's Pizza 2. Jet's Pizza 3. Marco's Pizza


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A Dance in the Woods: A Mother's Insight
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Brennan has created the most remarkable work of art, the wonder-work of a genius. It is a complete revelation of an intensely individua...
The Idler
Rusty Watson
Jeremiah Watts, in a drunken stupor, signs a seaman certificate and suddenly finds himself aboard the Ann Alexander, a rickety whaling ...
Laws & Loves: Real Tales of the Rattlesnake Lawyer
Jonathan Miller
Laws & Loves contains the real stories of the Rattlesnake Lawyer. Jonathan Miller is a practicing criminal defense attorney in...
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Like most private investigators AJ Jackson has more than one foot in the fire to make ends meet driving a tow truck and serving legal...
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Andrew shiston, a boy from the island of portland in the UK, discovers life on the sea when he is forced to make a life changing decisi...


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Posted on August 30, 2007
After giving up an injury time equalizer, CF Pachuca prevailed 4-3 in penalty kicks over the Los Angeles Galaxy to hoist the inaugural SuperLiga cup title at The Home Depot Center on Wednesday night.
The visitors opened the match with a focus and determination to win the title and immediately took the game to the Galaxy, pressuring in midfield which resulted in more of the possession and the majority of chances on goal.
Pachuca finally broke through in the 28 the minute off a Peter Vagenas own goal. After working a one-two combination with Juan Carlos Cacho, Christian Gimenez was behind the Galaxy defense on the left side and his service to the center was knocked in by a retreating Vagenas.
The Galaxy were fortunate to stay in the game as Pachuca failed on several good chances to add to the scoreline.
Los Angeles regrouped at halftime and looked better and created more opportunities in the second half but were just off the mark or unable to beat the Pachuca goalkeeper Miguel Calero.
With time running out in injury time, the Galaxy got what the equalizer they needed off a Chris Klein bicycle kick from 8 yards out. After Mike Randolph put a header of the cross bar and two poor clearances from the defense, Klein took advantage to even the score.
The extra time period was much like the regular time with Pachuca dominating possession and opportunities in the first half while the Galaxy fought back in the second period. Despite some good chances for both teams the game went to penalties.
Vagenas continued his frustrating outing by having the first PK saved but Joe Cannon was able to give him a pass by saving the third attempt from Pachuca. After Pachuca missed, Landon Donovan had a chance to win with the fifth kick but his shot was saved.
In sudden death, Pachuca hit their first shot but Abel Xavier put his ball off the mark and in doing so gave Pachuca the title.


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Levi's released the "Wedgie Fit Jean" — a pair of pants that claims to flatter your booty like no other.
For spring 2016, the denim company created a silhouette that lifts and holds the cheeks slightly apart giving the wearer — you guessed it — a wedgie. This cut promises to boosts booties for a rounder look, so there's no more worrying about the flat tush that often accompanies mom jeans
Plus, Kylie Jenner has already made the Wedgie jean Instagram famous.
"The Wedgie was inspired by the way girls were wearing vintage Levi's," Jonathan Cheung, senior vice president of Levi's Global Design, told Mashable. "Just as the 501 CT was inspired by girls wearing the 501 a little bit slouchy, the Wedgie is inspired by girls [who] were downsizing a vintage 505 and wearing it very close and almost vacuum-packed to the rear-ends — hence the affectionate and cheeky name." Read more…
More about Fashion, Sexy, Levis, Denim, and Lifestyle
Source: Mashable 3d printer


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TMT Intelligence is part of the Business Intelligence Division of Informa PLC
This is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 8860726.
On November 2, 2016, Crown Castle agreed to purchase FiberNet, the telecoms arm of NextEra Energy, for $1.5bn. This reflects both the market's requirement for consolidation and the commitment of Crown Castle to expanding its role from towers and backhaul to small cells.
The announcement could easily be overlooked as attention in the US wholesale market focuses on CenturyLink's recent agreement to acquire Level 3. Indeed, in one sense it is simply more of the same. To be successful in many elements of the wholesale market increasingly requires national scale and reach. Without the requisite scale, providers are suboptimum and struggle to compete in a commoditized wholesale service arena. This is especially true for companies such as NextEra Energy for whom telecoms is not a core business. On this basis, we set our expectations for more M&A activity at the beginning of the year.
However, the acquisition of a fiber provider by a company that has made its name in passive infrastructure is part of a trend that we expect to be repeated in the US and farther afield as small-cell demands increase. In our 2015 report RAN Evolution and Wholesale Services, we highlighted that wholesalers looking to maximize the small-cell opportunity need to provide more than just backhaul. Site acquisition is essential, and acquiring sites appears to be more challenging for wholesalers of fiber than it is for site owners to buy ailing fiber providers. Indeed, this is the second such acquisition by Crown Castle, which acquired Sunesys in 2015.
While those used to wholesaling backhaul links vacillate between revising pricing policies and finding small site locations, Crown Castle has been building thousands of small-cell nodes on its existing 16,000 miles of fiber. The addition of a further 11,000 miles of fiber will enable it to continue its buildout across new locations in Florida, Texas, and other south-central regions of the US.
"Acquisition of Level 3 by CenturyLink creates North American wholesale giant," TE0012-000586, (November 2016)
2016 Trends to Watch: Wholesale Telecoms, TE0012-000567 (January 2016)
RAN Evolution and Wholesale Services, TE0012-000555 (September 2015)
Catherine Haslam, Senior Analyst, Telecoms Wholesale
Europe, Middle East & Africa team - +44 (0) 207 017 7700
Asia-Pacific team - +61 (0)3 960 16700
US team - +1 646 957 8878
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Aunt Flow
Thanks to your help, we gave $434 to Aunt Flow, which donated 2,983 tampons & pads!
Aunt Flow is committed to ensuring that every person has access to tampons and pads through a buy one, give one model. Each month, they feature five organizations throughout the United States that support women in need. These organizations are recipients of 'give-one' boxes.
Lit Without Limits
Thanks to your help, we donated $618 to Lit Without Limits!
Lit Without Limits is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing empowering literature with an accompanying curriculum to girls in mentoring groups.
The Red Tent Foundation
Thanks to your help, we donated $456 to The Red Tent Foundation!
The Red Tent Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of college women. They sponsor and lead monthly discussion groups for women that encourages them to connect with each other and have meaningful conversations in a supportive and caring environment.
Safi Life
Thanks to your help, we donated $528 to Safi Life!
Safi Life is 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to female advancement in Africa through the granting of university
scholarships and mentorships.


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The European Society of Criminology Working Group on Cybercrime is geared to the various aspects of cybercrime, including but not limited to: different forms that cybercrime can take (e.g., hacking, fraud, malicious software infections, sexting, cyber terrorism, etc.), its causes and offenders, impact on victims, and our response to it at the individual, corporate, and governmental levels
At the 2016 annual meetings of the European Society of Criminology in Muenster, Germany, there were at least twenty-six (26) presentations examining topics that all fell under the term "cyber" (the word cyber appeared somewhere in the title or abstract), including but not limited to computer hacking, phishing, online fraud, cyber war, organized cybercrime, cyber espionage, cyber bullying, sexting, online sexual abuse the overlap between cyber and traditional offending, and UK constables' perceptions of cybercrime. There were likely other presentations involving the impact of ICT on either offending, victimization, or public policy, though they did not use that key term in the title or abstract. There also appeared to be twenty-six (26) presentations that contained the term 'cyber' in their title or abstract at the 2015 ESC meetings held in Porto, Portugal. These trends in presentations demonstrate the strong interest in cyber within the field of criminology, and suggest that the number of cyber presentations will continue to grow as our reliance on technology grows. Similar trends can be observed in other academic conferences such as the American Society of Criminology, as well as the increasing number of unique conferences focusing solely on cybercrime around the world.
Aims and objectives
The primary goals of the European Society of Criminology Working Group on Cybercrime are:
- Advancing knowledge and research on cybercrime and cybersecurity across Europe (both substantively and methodologically) and other parts of the world, including the United States, the Middle East, and Asia, with plans to expand to other parts of the world.
- Creating a network for information exchange and international collaboration between leading scholars, starting scholars, graduate students, government agencies, and private organizations involved in cybercrime research.
These goals are reached through the following tasks:
- Holding regular meetings of core members
- Coordinating "Cybercrime" sessions at ESC annual meetings
- Initiating and coordinating special issues on cybercrime in the European Journal of Criminology
- Establishing cross-national research ties and promote international collaboration
- Organizing European conferences on cybercrime
- Dissemination of scholarly publications
We recognize and fully support the diversity of interests within the field of cybercrime and cybersecurity. The working group will encourage all scholars interested in cybercrime to join, regardless of their focus on the causes of cybercrime criminality, the impact of victimization, or the regulations and enforcement to address it. In addition, the working group is interested in bringing scholars together who have different interdisciplinary backgrounds, including but not limited to: criminal justice and criminology, law, sociology, political science, economics, information technology, and computer science. We will not restrict the working group to any specific methodology as scholars study cybercrime through both qualitative and quantitative means and in fact we hope that our working group will encourage the advancement of innovative data collection and analytic techniques in our field. As our field grows, it is our hope that the working group will help international collaborations integrate our knowledge that derives from different methodologies rather than qualitative and quantitative scholars traveling down separate paths.
In addition to academic scholars, the working group will also recruit government agencies, particularly law enforcement agencies and government research offices, to join the working group in order to increase data collection, expertise to the working group, and dissemination possibilities (i.e. getting our research into the hands of policy makers and legislative bodies). Over the last several years, scholars have engaged in direct productive partnerships with, among others, the UK Home Office, the Scientific Research and Documentation Centre (WODC) of the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice, and the High Tech Crime Units of the Dutch police and prosecutors office.
Marleen Weulen Kranenbarg, Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law, the Netherlands
Michael Levi, Cardiff University, UK
Michael McGuire, University of Surrey, UK
Fernando Miro Llinares, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Crimina, Spain
Adam Bossler, Georgia Southern University, US
Thomas Holt, Michigan State University, US
Becoming a member


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MIAMI – Miami-Dade County police say a 6-year-old girl died after being hit by a taxi when she fell off a luggage cart and into a commercial lane of traffic at the Miami International Airport.
Police say the girl was rushed to a hospital, where she died Friday night.
They say the girl was riding on top of several pieces of luggage on the cart, which was being pushed by a relative.
Police say the girl, who name was not immediately released, was traveling to Miami with her family.
Police say it is too early in the investigation to tell if any charges will be filed.
No additional information was immediately available.
Click here for more on this story from WSVN-TV.com.


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Over the past six years we have made available more than 350,000 free Bibles & Scriptures, for Public School Ministry.
Bringing the 'Forgotten Story' back to the minds of students
For many of the 2.4 million public school students across Australia, God's Story found in the Bible is amazingly a new story. For many of them, no-one has ever shown them how wonderful the Bible really is. But in some public schools, religious classes or presentations are still permitted.
Bible Society Australia is committed to helping these teams of dedicated public school ministry teachers bring God's story in the Bible, to the children of Australia – by providing them free class sets of Bibles.
You can join us in this important work, by supporting us in bringing God's Story to public school children.
'I just wanted to write a note of gratitude to the Bible Society for the Bibles for Schools we took delivery of last week. Our Scripture teachers are delighted and excited that they now have classroom sets of full Bibles to use in their SRE lessons. The children just love reading the Bibles for themselves and it changes the dynamic of the lessons,' Rev. Greg Bruggemann
'Thanks again for the Bibles! It is so great to get a Bible in front of each child in our SRE classes so they can read God's word for themselves and learn to navigate their way around the Bible. Many thanks,' Gai Aylward
Over the last four years we have made available over 250,000 free Bibles & Gospels, for Public School Ministry.
You can help give Bibles in schools by donating today. Donations to this project are tax deductible.
To apply for free Bibles for your Public School ministry, click here.
You can contact us here if you have any questions.