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Opportunities - Selection Processes
Members, Standards Council of Canada,
Appointment Opportunities
We know that our country is stronger — and our government more effective — when decision-makers reflect Canada's diversity. Moving forward, the Government of Canada will use an appointment process that is transparent and merit-based, strives for gender parity, and ensures that Indigenous Canadians and minority groups are properly represented in positions of leadership. We will continue to search for Canadians who reflect the values that we all embrace: inclusion, honesty, fiscal prudence, and generosity of spirit. Together, we will build a government as diverse as Canada.
The overarching goal of the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development is to help Canadian businesses grow, innovate and export so that they can create good quality jobs and wealth for Canadians.
The Government of Canada is currently seeking applications from diverse and talented Canadians from across the country who are interested in the following positions:
Members (part-time positions)
Standards Council of Canada
Canada needs standards; they protect our health and safety, as well as the environment. Many products and services Canadians rely on every day work properly and safely because of standards — from products like hair dryers or microwaves, to the cars we drive or the mobile devices we use. In addition, they help fuel a more competitive and innovative Canadian economy. In fact, developing and adopting standards is essential if Canada wants to remain competitive and to prosper in the years to come.
The Standards Council of Canada is a federal Crown corporation with a mission to enhance Canada's competitiveness and social well-being by facilitating the development and use of national and international standards and by providing accreditation services. As the leader of Canada's standardization network, the Standards Council of Canada has been working to ensure that governments, industry and consumers understand the role that standards play in our lives and our economy. The Standards Council of Canada collaborates with standardization partners across the country and around the world to deliver value to Canada by developing and implementing innovative standardization solutions that promote trade, drive innovation, support sustainable development and boost our economy. If Canada wants to continue to compete and grow, it needs to remain an international standardization leader. Over the past year, the Standards Council of Canada has worked hard to make this happen, doing its part to help protect Canadians and unlock opportunities for growth.
The Standards Council of Canada coordinates Canadian participation on international standardization committees and in international conformity assessment bodies. In order for Canada to capitalize on opportunities for growth, it has to have the right experts sitting on the right international committees. Under Standards Council of Canada leadership, participation in international standardization committees has increased over the last year. The invaluable contribution of the Canadian experts who volunteer their time and expertise to advance the work of standards development and conformity assessment is critical to securing a competitive advantage for Canada.
A 13-member governing council, consisting of representatives from the federal, provincial and territorial governments and a range of public and private interests, including consumer representatives, governs the Standards Council of Canada.
The primary role of Council members is to provide organizational stewardship and governance leadership by setting the Standards Council of Canada's strategic direction, overseeing the development and implementation of the organization's corporate plan, providing relevant policy direction, and periodically reviewing the Standards Council of Canada's legislated mandate to ensure the organization's continuing relevance.
Further details about the organization and its activities can be found on the Standards Council of Canada's website.
Applicants who have already submitted their application earlier this year need not apply again.
Candidates must apply online by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on August 8, 2017, via the Governor in Council Appointments website. Your cover letter should be addressed to the Assistant Secretary to the Cabinet (Senior Personnel), Privy Council Office, and should be sent only through the online application.
Official Languages and Diversity
The Government of Canada will consider bilingual proficiency and diversity in assessing candidates for these positions. You are therefore encouraged to include in your online profile your ability to speak and understand your second official language. Preference may be given to candidates who are members of one or more of the following groups: women, Indigenous Canadians, persons with disabilities, and members of visible minorities.
To be considered for one of these positions, please provide examples from your career that clearly demonstrate how you meet the following requirements in your application:
Education and Experience
- A degree from a recognized university in a relevant field of study or an acceptable combination of education, job-related training or experience;
- Experience serving as a member of a board of directors for a public or private sector organization, or as a senior executive answerable to stakeholders in the public or private sector;
- Experience in implementing modern corporate governance principles and best practices in a culture of accountability and transparency;
- Experience in international relations and/or working with international organizations would be considered and asset; and
- Experience in dealing with complex policy issues in relation to standardization would also be considered an asset.
If you are selected for an interview, the following criteria will be assessed:
Knowledge, Skills and Abilities
- Knowledge of the Standards Council of Canada's mandate, business activities and governing legislation, including the Standards Council of Canada Act;
- Knowledge of the roles and responsibilities of the Chairperson, the Board, and the Chief Executive Officer;
- Knowledge of the federal government and public policy environments;
- Knowledge of global trends related to standardization would be considered an asset;
- Ability to contribute effectively to strategic and corporate planning;
- Ability to anticipate emerging issues;
- Ability to develop effective working relationships with other Board members and stakeholders; and
- Superior communication skills, both written and oral.
Language Requirements
Proficiency in both official languages would be preferred.
If you move on to the next stage of the selection process, we will contact your references to verify how you have demonstrated the Experience requirements and the following Personal Attributes in your current and recently held positions:
- Superior interpersonal skills
- Sound judgment
- High ethical standards and integrity
- Tact and diplomacy
- Initiative
Eligibility Factors and Conditions of Employment
In your application, it will be important that you confirm you meet the following requirements:
- No officer or employee of the Standards Council of Canada or any of its affiliates, other than the chief executive officer, shall be a director of the Standards Council of Canada (statutory).
- The members of the Standards Council of Canada must be representative of a broad spectrum of interests in the private sector and have the knowledge or experience necessary to assist the Council in the fulfilment of its mandate (statutory).
- You must be available for approximately 10 days per year for Board and related activities and travel.
- You are willing to travel across Canada, as required.
If you are appointed to one of these positions:
You must comply with the Ethical and Political Activity Guidelines for Public Office Holders throughout your appointment, as a term and condition of employment. The guidelines are available on the Governor in Council Appointments website, under Forms and reference material.
You will be subject to the Conflict of Interest Act. For more information, please visit the Office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner's website.
A link to this notice will be placed in the Canada Gazette to assist the Governor in Council in identifying qualified candidates for these positions. It is not, however, intended to be the sole means of recruitment.
A roster of qualified candidates may be established and may be used for similar opportunities.
- Date modified:


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Winner's Circle
4-Step-Grooming™ - Step 2: Flick
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Length: 7.5"
TIP: For legs and tougher dirt look for the Natural Leg & Dandy Brush.
Made in USA.

subset: commoncrawl


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9 Comments
simple, clean, and elegant! voted!
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WSI (Warehouse Specialists, Inc) is one of the largest privately held logistics companies in the U.S. For nearly 50 years, we have grown steadily to span a nationwide distribution network with global logistics reach. WSI delivers reliable, integrated logistics and supply chain optimization to increase efficiency and reduce costs for a wide range of customers and commodities, including hazardous materials and chemicals.
©2017 SupplyChain247.com is owned and produced by Peerless Media, LLC., a Division of EH Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Centre for Translation Studies
Research & InnovationView pages in this document
CTS conducts world-leading research in many aspects of translation studies. What brings together the activities of the team is our shared interest in the reception of and interaction with multilingual and translated materials by the communities that produce and use them.
Specifically our areas of research and knowledge transfer include:
Literary translation: style, voice, poetry translation
Reception and Descriptive Translation Studies
Sociology of literary translation
Translation and ideology (analysis of critical points and shifts in ideology in translated and interpreted texts using systemic functional grammar and critical discourse analysis)
Quality standards in translation
Multilingual, multimodal analysis (working with audiovisual material, such as film, and digital and graphic documents in multilingual contexts)
Interpreting training and other aspects of interpreting studies (conceptualization of pedagogy in interpreter training, corpus-based study of the interpreting process and product, etc.)
Evaluation of Machine Translation (how to know MT is good or fit for purpose)
Computer-assisted translation (how to use computers in human translation, e.g. for collaborative translation, terminology research, editing MT output)
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (how to use computers to improve reading skills in a foreign language or how to develop the lexicon for a learner)
Methods for the collection, enrichment and analysis of monolingual and multilingual corpora (how to collect a corpus harvesting large-scale linguistic resources from the web and explore its contents automatically)
Document classification (how to detect a text is on a given topic or in a given genre)
Use of eye-tracking in research on translation, subtitling and language learning
We are always happy to collaborate with academic and industrial partners to fill gaps in knowledge or to find solutions to problems facing practising translators, subtitlers and interpreters. Past collaborative projects with private and public sector partners have yielded benefits in a number of sectors, improving commercial performance, enhancing professional practice and creating innovative pedagogical resources. Concrete applications include: lexicography and the development of terminological resources, including the identification of candidate translation equivalents; materials to support language learning and teaching; resources for the development and enhancement of machine translation systems, evaluation of a range of MT systems and revision of subtitling practices.
In the most recent national review of research quality (REF 2014) the CTS case-study on computational Linguistics was commended by its excellence.
In the previous review (RAE2008), CTS researchers were assessed together with colleagues in Computer Science and Informatics. The review concluded that 80% of the research outputs were 'world leading' or 'internationally excellent', while the remaining 20% were 'internationally recognised' - these being the top three grades on a five-grade scale.
Our team
Elisabetta Adami, UAF in Multimodal Communication
Bogdan Babych, Associate Professor in Translation Studies
Jacob Blakesley, Leverhulme Early Career Fellow
Svetlana Carsten, Project Task Leader, Project ORCIT (Online Resources for Conference Interpreter Training)
Dragos Ciobanu, Lecturer in Translation Studies
Hanem El-Farahaty, Lecturer in Translation Studies
Jeremy Munday, Professor of Translation Studies
Sara Ramos Pinto, Lecturer in Translation Studies
Miguel Rios Gaona, Researcher in the project PALODIEM (Univ. of Leeds and ZooDogital)
Alina Secara, Lecturer in Translation Studies
Serge Sharoff, Senior Lecturer in Translation Studies
Martin Thomas, Lecturer in Translation Studies
Binhua Wang, Associate professor in Interpreting and Translation Studies
Research projects
CTS maintains an extremely active research agenda and an excellent track record in funded projects in different areas. A short description of our projects and collaboration developed with can be found in the links bellow:
ACCURAT | ASSIST | eColoRe | eColoMedia | eColoTrain | EvIDence | Intellitext HyghTra | Kelly | LangCorp | Mellange | MITRAS | MULIMO | MyExhibition | NNI | ORCIT | ReadingCorp | TAUS | TTC | WebDoc
Collaborative projects
Continuing professional development courses provided for the ITI members on the topics of Translation Memory
Evaluation of commercial machine translation systems
Large-scale European agency
Advice on the agency's longstanding use of MultiTerm, as well as on the choice of and investment in a suitable Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tool
Linguistic dimensions of affective design of a consumer product
Linguistic dimensions of affective design of a consumer product
Linguistic implications of choosing words describing types of services
European Parliament, UN, Interpreter training schools of the new EU member states
English enhancement: advanced English language skills for conference interpreters who have English as a B or C language
European Parliament, Interpreter training schools of the new EU member states
English retour: specialist team of English 'A' professional practitioners trains to interpret between English and some 10 different spoken languages
Interpreter training schools
Training Pedagogy for new interpreter training schools
Availability of our tools
Many of the computational tools we develop are available on the Web (often in open-source), which enables further investigation in the research community. Examples include:
1. CSAR and Intellitext (http://csar.sourceforge.net/)
2. Russian morphosyntactic annotation and syntactic parsing (http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/tools/ru/)
3. Chinese tagging and annotation (http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/tools/zh/)
4. Corpus processing tools, including automatic domain and genre classification(http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/tools/)
5. NNI and ORCIT websites both include free online materials, (http://www.nationalnetworkforinterpreting.ac.uk/) and (http://www.orcit.eu/)
We are currently adapting and packaging other existing tools in the CTS Toolbox project.
PhD Research students:
CTS has a very active student research community. Currently we supervise and support the following PhD projects:
Aishah Mubaraki
Alex McDonald
Amira Abdalla
Anna Bernacka
Badar Altamimi
David Yu Yuan
Gritiya Rattanakantadilok
Hind Alsiary
Jun Yang
Komail Al Herz
Lang Yong
Mariam al-Hashimi
Mika Takewa
Miriam Bani Ashem
Muhammad Haji Sismat
Othman Abualadas
Pier Simone Pischedda
Raja Alghamdi
Salman Riaz
Saussan Khalil
Siobhan Rocks
Sofiko Daraselia
Valentina Ragni
Zafer Tuhaitah


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"There is much pleasure in useless knowledge." — Bertrand Russell
March 4, 2009 | Amateur Radio | By: Mark VandeWettering
Not only am I currently recieving VK2ZAY's signal rather well:
But he's concurrently getting into ON5EX's grabber in Belgium:
It's about 7,400 miles from me to Alan's beacon, but it's over 10,000 miles to Belgium from VK-land. Very nice.
Posts on this day from years past:
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Winter 2017 Newsletter
Featured Site
The Northeastern States Field Office manages a few hundred islands in rivers and lakes throughout Wisconsin. These are islands that were omitted from the original land survey. Our largest island in Wisconsin is about 180 acres and is in the Wisconsin River in Portage. This island is mostly wooded but contains several small patches of remnant savanna, our most endangered habitat type. Savannas throughout the Midwest have typically disappeared as trees have encroached on lands that used to experience periodic wildfires.
In 2013, the BLM contacted Bartels Middle School in Portage and asked whether they would like to cooperate with us to take some students out to the island to learn about various habitat types, invasive species, wildlife, and ecological restoration. They eagerly took us up on our offer, and we have taken small groups out to the island each spring and fall since then. The students have learned orienteering, plant identification, and birding skills and have analyzed water surface water samples, cut non-native, invasive shrubs, and mapped land features using a GPS unit.
Our partner teacher, Jenny Karpelenia, is passionate about exposing her students to real-world science, and she is working with us to develop lesson plans that keep the students close to the process of restoring the savannas. They will be collecting seeds, inventorying trees, and possibly helping us design firebreaks, trails, and other improvements. Since getting to the island is often our biggest challenge, we may incorporate canoe training into the curriculum, giving the students a valuable skill that will enable them to enjoy and study aquatic habitats.
This island has a lot of potential for important wildlife habitat, nature-based recreation, and environmental education. We joined the Hands on the Land program for the mentoring and other support that the program provides and to give our budding program continuity. We are hopeful that students for years to come will get to learn from, and participate in, the exciting process of restoring over 100 acres of fabulous wildlife habitat. We dream of these students telling their children, with pride, "I planted that oak tree."
Land Snails and Millipedes on the Parkway
How can you protect what you don't know you have? The National Park Service is charged by Congress with conserving "the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein" for all the lands under its care. Americans can do this best when they know what plants, animals, and fungi—the "wild life"—is found on those lands. Recently, the staff of the Blue Ridge Parkway has been partnering with taxonomists, volunteer citizen scientists, school children, and Hands on the Land to conduct inventories of important invertebrates along the Parkway.
In 2015, this team conducted an inventory of bumble bee species from the north end of Shenandoah National Park to the south end of Great Smoky Mountains National Park and all along the Blue Ridge Parkway. This was spurred on by the reported disappearance of several species of bumble bee in the east, one of which—the rusty patched bumble bee—is now classified as an endangered species. Though none of the missing bees were found, the group did find 10 other species and provide material for a study of how genes flow between bee populations across long distances.
Home Heros
Explore the Home Heroes infographic created by NEEF and Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) to discover how home buyers and sellers can get the better homes and better value they want through home energy performance. The infographic is designed around three main themes—opportunity is calling, buyers need your help, and sellers need your help—to encourage and help real estate professionals promote the benefits of improved energy performance among buyers and sellers.
Download the infographic here.
2017 Hands on the Land Mini-Grants
NEEF and Partners in Resource Education (PRE) announced the 26 recipients of the Hands on the Land (HOL) mini-grants. The grants, totaling $90,000, support high quality place-based environmental education and STEM programming on the nation's public lands and waterways.
Grants, in amounts ranging from $1,200 to $5,000 each, were awarded to the following 26 recipients in 15 states across the nation:
Anchorage School District, Bureau of Land Management: Campbell Creek Science Center – Anchorage, AK,
Audubon River Pathways, Bureau of Land Management: Agua Fria National Monument – Phoenix, AZ, Arizona
North Arkansas College Foundation Incorporated, National Park Service: Buffalo National River - Harrison, AR,
ACORN Partners in Education, Bureau of Land Management: Ukiah Field Office – Ukiah, CA
Mattole Restoration Council, Bureau of Land Management: King Range National Conservation Area – Whitethorn, CA
Ojai Valley School, National Park Service: Ojai Valley School/Channel Islands National Park – Ventura, CA
Cordell Marine Sanctuary Foundation, NOAA: Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary – Point Reyes Station, CA
Greater Farallones Association, NOAA: Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary – San Francisco, CA,
NOAA's Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary: MERITO Foundation – Goleta, CA who is recipient or what is public land?
National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, NOAA: Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary – Santa Cruz, CA
Colorado Canyons Association, Bureau of Land Management: McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area – Grand Junction, CO
Parma Learning Center, Bureau of Land Management: Idaho State Office – Boise, ID
Tupelo Public School District, National Park Service: Natchez Trace Parkway – Tupelo, MS
Will James Middle School, Bureau of Land Management: Pompeys Pillar National Monument - Billings, MT
New Hampshire
Audubon Society of New Hampshire, US Fish and Wildlife Service: Nashua National Fish Hatchery – Nashua, NH
New Mexico
Friends of Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks, Bureau of Land Management: Organ Mountain-Desert Peaks National Monument – Las Cruces, NM
Friends of Sloan Canyon, Bureau of Land Management: Friends of Sloan Canyon – Las Vegas, NM
Rio Rancho Public Schools, Bureau of Land Management: Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument – Albuquerque, NM
New York
Warwick Valley Central School District, US Fish and Wildlife Service: Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge – Albany, NY
Friends of the Heinz Refuge at Tinicum, US Fish and Wildlife Service: John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum – Philadelphia, PA
Great Smoky Mountains Association, National Park Service: Great Smoky Mountains National Park – Gatlinburg, TN
James River Association, US Fish and Wildlife Service: Presquile National Wildlife Refuge – Charles City, VA
Nisqually River Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service: Nisqually River Foundation – Lacey, WA
National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, NOAA: Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary – Port Angeles, WA
North Cascades Institute, US Forest Service: Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest – Everett, WA
This year's recipients plan to conduct student projects and programs such as conducting bird surveys, vegetation monitoring and stream quality assessments, planting native plant nurseries, removing invasive vegetation, and compiling and analyzing plant restoration and wildlife data, among many other educational activities. Recipients have one year to complete their proposed projects, which can include professional development or equipment purchases. Funding support for this cycle of HOL grants comes from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NEEF.
Posted in Newsletters


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Spain 2015
Directors Statement
Sadaf is not only the best female boxer in Afghanistan, but she also represents the empowerment of a new generation of Afghan women. It is not common to meet girls like Sadaf in Kabul, much less in the rest of the country. Besides, her personal story is linked with the last 20 years of Afghan history.
Sadaf is not only young, but brave and humble, that is why she became a symbol of struggle for the human rights of afghan women and she has also been recognised by the most progressive women in the country. Our documentary brings together the voices of these women that they are also mothers, teachers, activists or sportwomen.
We decided to give Sadaf a camera during the shooting to empower her even more so that she could decide what to film and show us. The shooting began when Sadaf was 17 years old and it has finished four years later. During this time Sadaf has been aware of her role in the Afghan society and she has faced her destiny becoming a model for other young girls.
BOXING FOR FREEDOM highlights the importance of the family and the school as core of protection and development of the individual freedom.
Telling Sadaf's story was not easy, but as well as she did, we have also learnt to overcome the fear, to face new obstacles and to fight for our dreams even in the worst possible scenarios.
Cast & Crew
Directed by : Juan Antonio Moreno, Silvia Venegas
Written by : Juan Antonio Moreno, Silvia Venegas
Produced by : Silvia Venegas, Juan Antonio Moreno
Director of Photography : Alberto Gonzalez
Editor : Nacho Ruiz Capillas
Nominations and Awards
- EFA Documentary Selection 2015


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Dr. Howard Lassin
Dr. Howard Lassin is a second-generation dentist. He attended Arcadia University and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dentistry in 1985. After graduation, he joined his father's dental practice, Lassin Dentistry in Cherry Hill.
Since 2005, Dr. Lassin has been recognized as one of South Jersey's Top Dentists by both SJ Magazine and South Jersey Magazine. In 2011, New Jersey Magazine recognized him as Top Dentist in New Jersey. And this year he's been named in Angies List as one of their Super Service Provider.
Dr. Lassin has earned numerous certifications and fellowships, including the World Clinical Laser Institute, the Academy of General Dentistry Fellowship and Mastership Awards and completed a mini-residency in the Nobel Biocare Prosthetic System.
In addition to his dental practice, Dr. Lassin devotes his time to outreach efforts of Operation Smile, which provides free surgical treatment to repair facial deformities to impoverished and underserved countries around the world. Dr. Lassin served as a Team Dentist during to two surgical missions to Harbin, and Linyi, China sponsored by Operation Smile.
Listen to Diabetes Living Today® Interview:
February 21, 2012 ~ How To Have Healthy Teeth with Diabetes with Dentist Dr. Howard Lassin


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- Search CSN:
- Members: Login to search all areas
- Not a member? Click here to search public areas
Mar 01, 2014 - 10:21 pm
Hi everyone. I am a new time member, and I am hoping to give some advice on here as a caregiver as well as receive some support.
I lost my mother last May to kidney cancer. She had only been diagnosed that past November. I struggled for awhile as a young caregiver (I am 21 now, I was 20 at the time and my father was not in the picture). She was very active until almost the week she came off of chemo(Wed), and passed away the following Sunday. I have gotten engaged to my long time boyfriend of 7 years this fall. I am struggling with her not being here for the wedding, and missing her company greatly as we were best friends, always stayed up chatting on the weekends and I lived with her my entire life until she passed away. I understand it gets easier with time, but I find myself angry and feeling it is unfair of her not to be here. I try to think positively because she would want that, but I cannot stay in this mindset for long. Does anybody have any advice to help me get through the healing process? or even a good help book they recommend? I feel very lonely, and people say they will help in the first few months of her passing, but months down the road when you realize she isn't here during your successes and failures, that is when you feel loneliest and need help. It seems as if people think you can snap your fingers after a short little while and be healed. I simply do not feel this, and feeling healed seems very far away.
With that said, I am sending prayers to everyone here!
Mar 03, 2014 - 8:50 pm
Maybe it would help to have something to remind you of her at your wedding. Was there something special she liked that you could coordinate in there? My mother was big on yellow roses so those always remind me of her. Just any kind of decoration close to where you say your vows.
Lots of ideas: a hankerchief in your bouquet, sewing basket w/flowers, bingo sheets on the isle rows, etc. I am sure you could think of something to incorporate in there.
You never get over losing a loved one. You just learn to live with it. Mothers are always mothers and she will always be with you. I have a vase of silk flowers that are yellow roses in my living room all the time.
Mar 05, 2014 - 4:21 pm
I am sorry for the loss of your mother. It's not fair that you have to go on without her for those special events in your life. As I told my sons as they were growing up, life isn't fair. We forget that sometimes because we would like it to be fair. We really don't need to be reminded that it isn't. Those special times (weddings, graduations, births, etc.) are going to make you miss your mom even more. That is a reflection of how much you love and miss her. As one friend told me, wouldn't be awful if you lost someone and didn't care? Try to concentrate on the good memories. Your mother is still with you in those. Don't be afraid to talk about your mom with others. I appreciate when people around me bring up a funny story or memory about my husband. He,like your mother will never be really gone as long as we remember them. Take care of your self now. Find ways you can honor your mom during those special times Maybe a donation to a cause she cared about or to a cancer group. Ask your wedding guests to contribute, too. Light a candle in her honor. Do whatever feels right to you. Your mother loved you and raised you to be the woman you are today. Keep her in your heart. Fay
PS: I answered your PM.


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[hev-ee-leyd-n] /ˈhɛv iˈleɪd n/
carrying a heavy load; heavily laden:
a heavy-laden cart.
very tired or troubled; burdened:
heavy-laden with care.
Tagged: h
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heavy-ion treatment n. A cancer treatment method in which cancer cells are bombarded with the positively-charged nuclei of ions of carbon, neon, and other elements in order to kill the cells.
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noun 1. any plant of the genus Gratiola, a bitter herb used medicinally. noun 1. any of several North American scrophulariaceous plants of the genus Gratiola, esp G. aurea, having small yellow or white flowers
- Hedge-nettle
noun 1. a slender-leafed, hairy plant, Stachys palustris, of the mint family, abundant along roadsides and in fields and marshes, having clusters of tubular, purple flowers on a spike. 2. any similar, related plant, especially S. hispida, of wet places.
- Hedger
[hej-er] /ˈhɛdʒ ər/ noun 1. a person who makes or repairs . 2. a person who in betting, speculating, etc.


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Quality Rating
Highly Satisfied
- Friendly Staff
- Promptness
- Appropriate Followup
- Spends Time With Me
- Bedside Manner
- Accurate Diagnosis
- Easy Appointments
- Wait Time
Rate Now
Share Your Experience
Have you seen Dr. Nancy Herta?
Showing 12 of 31 Ratings
Posted on March 20th, 2015
This lady was on call during my labor, and I saw her all of twice in 29 hours. She let me suffer in pain with a second round of pitocin, because as her colleague, my actual doctor said, she hates surgery. She never said two words to me in the operating room. And to boot, she was the on call doc at the hospital when I was at home having complications. She never called me back.
One Star
Posted on March 21st, 2014
Left our baby stuck in the birth canal for 6 hours and only checked herself twice during this time. Finally we insisted on c-section to get baby out and we ended up with our baby girl having a fractured skull and a brain bleed. After a week in the NICU we were able to go home. Then she told us that was normal. I trusted her to know what to do even though I knew it wasn't right to wait so long. I wouldn't let her touch my dog.
Five Stars
Posted on June 8th, 2012
My partner and I recently found Dr. Herta while looking for OB/GYNs that are understanding of same-sex parenting and pregnancy. She is also compassionate toward gender identity and it was very refreshing to not have to teach my doctor about how I identify myself. She is a wonderful resource and ally to the LGBT* community and I am confident of her abilities throughout our pregnancy. The only slip-up so far seems to be with the office staff - they mis-scheduled my initial appointment despite being very clear what the purposes were and they categorized the first appointment incorrectly when billing our insurance, causing our insurance to not cover it. Thankfully, we caught the error and it has been fixed. These are minor in our priorities and we are thorough enough to be able to fix small clerical errors, but having a compassionate, understanding doctor is paramount and Dr. Herta has exceeded our expectations.
Posted on January 4th, 2011
My husband and I are dealing with infertility, and were struggling with finding a doctor we felt comfortable around. After traveling to Grand Rapids and to various gynos, we fell in love with Dr. Herta. Her thoroughness is wonderful, and her personality puts you right at ease. I have, and will continue to recommend her to friends and family.
Good doc
Posted on September 22nd, 2009
I had been with another doctor in Herta's practice for years--and I loved her. But, she moved away last year. This year was my first visit with Dr. Herta. I don't have children, and don't plan to...but I have had many GYN problems over the years and I was very worried about switching doctors. I found Dr. Herta to be extremely thorough. She listened intently, offered good advice. She tried to turf me to a nurse practitioner, but when I complained that I really need to see a doctor because of the issues I've had, she understood and kept me with her as a patient (instead of the NP). I wouldn't hesitate to recommend her to another patient.
Five Stars
Posted on August 1st, 2017
Five Stars
Posted on August 24th, 2016
Five Stars
Posted on May 23rd, 2016
Five Stars
Posted on April 12th, 2016
Two Stars
Posted on April 10th, 2016
Care Guides
- Birth Control Facts about birth control to help decide which type is right for you.
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text: i just bought a used 36 inch scag with belt drive. an older mach. when i put the machine in gear, it creeps and then stops. reverse is strong. other gears not so much. the shafts stop turning when i try to go. if i push it, it will move on concrete, but not on grass or uphill. seems like the resistance of belts on wheel pulleys is too much & trans shafts stop.do i need tranny work, or could it b something else? also not sure where to add trans fluid. thanks,tom


text:
Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit-hen Episode 23 English Subbed
You are watching Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit-hen Episode 23 English Subbed from the Cardfight!! Vanguard 2: Asia Circuit-hen Anime Show. Watch or Download Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit-hen Episode 23 MP4 English Sub and other episodes of Cardfight!! Vanguard 2: Asia Circuit-hen Streamed for Free.
"Passion! The Hong Kong Stage"
Stream Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit-hen Episode 23
Episode Summary: Team Q4 and friends head to the Hong Kong Stage of the VF Circuit, hoping to advance to meet with Takuto. While in front of the stadium, before the fights start, they have a short run-in with three males, one big, one normal-sized, and one small. Shin vaguely remembers seeing them before, and it is then that two identical girls appear. They tell him off by saying how that group is actually a powerful team before taking their leave. The Hong Kong Stage officially begins. The unique attribute of this stage is that each cardfight will be 2-on-2 tag-battle style; the first team to deal 9 points of damage instead of the usual 6 to the opposing team is the victor. However, Kamui cannot comprehend the numerous rules, leaving Aichi and Misaki to pair up and take on Team Lao (the group of three men who they met earlier) in the first round. Throughout the fight, the special rules are exhibited and explained: the fighters must only attack the player standing in front of them, they are forbidden to consult their partners and show the cards in their hands to one another, but they are allowed to call guardians from their hands to block for their partners (aptly referred as the "tag guard") and share damage for Counterblast uses. Team Lao's Terence and Felix both use Tachikaze decks; Terence's Raptor units deliver major damage to Aichi early on in the fight. Using her new Witch deck, Misaki compensates for Aichi by riding Scarlet Witch, CoCo and using various skills to draw more cards, empty her vanguard's soul, and subsequently gain benefits from it. On the sidelines, Shin finally recalls that the members of Team Lao are actually three brothers who therefore have great teamwork with each other. Can Aichi and Misaki overcome the Lao brothers' team synergy and win?


text:
It's a family affair here at Leatherhead Brewing Company!
It was 2 years in the making before we actually closed on the building. Chad and Amanda Sharon were bound and determined to bring his cousin Jake's beer to Green Bay. He was a brewmaster in Milwaukee for years until the stars lined up and they were able to get him to move up here. Chad and Amanda own the brewery with Sheila and Ian Perks. Sheila and Amanda are sisters.
Together with our four colorful personalities we hope to bring a really cool and unique place to Green Bay and get to drink some great craft beer in the meantime. We know our customers of Leatherhead Brewing Company will find the place to be as inspiring and unique as we do.


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
29 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Spend some remarkable days in Turkey and enjoy the hospitality of Bilgehan Hotel Antalya! The guests of the hotel may stay in 120 nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in Antalya. For guests arriving by car parking possibility is available nearby. Car rental service will help you discover the most important attractions. Fans of actively spent leisure time will also have the chance to go sailing and rent a boat nearby. Airport transfer is available upon preliminary request. Your valuables may be the safely secured in the safe. In case you'd bring your laptop along, you may go online via wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. The exact scope of services offered by Bilgehan Hotel Antalya (including those for an extra fee) is available on the information sheet below.
Payment In order to finalize the reservation you may be required to provide credit card guarantee or advance payment by credit card, depending on the chosen room, date and price.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in at the hotel is 08:00, the latest time to check out is 18:00. The personnel can communicate with you in the following languages: Turkish and English.
Bilgehan Hotel Antalya rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Car rental nearby, Sailing nearby, Boat rental nearby
Default services: Elevator, Safe deposit box, Roof garden
Airport transfer
Bathrobe, Hairdryer, Fridge, Mini-bar


text:
GraphicRiver Power Play Letter P Logo 8082668
Logo Template \ Letters
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text:
In all probability there is alien life, somewhere in the universe. If God created everything, they too would believe in the same God as us. Given the amount of different religions on earth, that all believe in one God, how different can they be?
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That's an interesting question for sure. By virtue of them being aliens I can imagine that we wouldn't have a clue as to what they think until we know them better.
And if these aliens read the bible, do you think it would cause them to believe in God?
Re-read the bible with an "alien" viewpoint and perhaps it will make sense. Perhaps it won't.
Sorry, I know it doesn't answer the question, but I don't have any way to answer it.
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It all boils down to their level of intelligence. If they are same or moderately above ours, they are liable to have similar beliefs like ours.
If they are of much superior intelligence their concept would be different. God would not be some external power (as it is for us), but something within one's own self.
Does it sound far fetched. Look at the ape, a species closest to man. unlike man an ape cannot introspect.
To the alien of superior intelligence we would be something similar to the ape. We may not have telepathic or clairvoyant skills like them (who would also be using much greater percentage of their brain than we do) and unlike our concept of God in heaven they may find it within their inner self,
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Assuming you define God as the God of Abraham, then no, probably not. It would be highly unlikely they would have gone through exactly the same set of conditions that have led to the three million four hundred thirty-five thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven variations of God that the Christians have come up with to- date not counting the innumerable renditions from Islam and Judism. Also, since the majority of humans on Earth do not believe in the God of Abraham, why would one expect an alien would.
If you define God as some spiritual essence that began it all, as I do, because you haven't got anything else better to call it, and, you know to the core of your being there is something more powerful than just you out there that you interact with, then maybe. Why? Because they would face the same cunundrum we face, defining how it all began; what happened at Time zero minus an instant? As well as knowing that once it happened, all that followed is connected to each other.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 2008
|Filing date
|Jul 2, 2003
|Priority date
|Jul 2, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John M. Lake
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (5), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to a system and method for reducing memory leaks in virtual machine programs. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and method for using a compiler to add nullification statements in a program.
2. Description of the Related Art
Middleware environments, such as that provided by a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), often use a heap to store objects created in the environment. The heap stores objects created by an application running in the middleware environment. Garbage collection is the process of automatically freeing objects from the heap that are no longer needed by the application. This reduces the burden of memory management placed on the programmer.
However, garbage collection is not a panacea. Long running middleware applications remain susceptible to failures induced by "memory leaks." A memory leak is a term used to describe error conditions that arise when programs allocate memory that is not reclaimed. As described above, garbage collection reclaims memory after the last reference to the memory is no longer "reachable" from a known set of "roots," wherein the roots include things such as processor registers and memory locations containing references to heap objects, such as those used to hold the program stacks. Consequently, garbage collection may leave objects in the heap that are irrelevant (i.e., no longer needed) to the future of the computation but are still reachable from at least one object.
Some of these reachable but irrelevant objects arise from local variables that exist in the activation records of a program. The activation record includes variables (i.e., objects references) that are passed to a procedure from another procedure or routine as well as local variables that are declared within the program. These procedures may be long-lived and include memory hungry processing. Therefore, freeing objects that are no longer used is often vital to avoiding memory problems.
One approach to freeing objects is for the programmer to explicitly nullify a variable that will no longer be used in the program. A first challenge to this approach is that it nullifies the benefits of using garbage collection, as the programmer is forced to consider memory management issues even when such considerations may not be necessary. This is not a common practice with programmers of middleware applications, except when memory problems arise. A second challenge is completeness. Namely, identifying all nullifiable variables may be difficult and time consuming for a programmer. A third challenge is correctness: when attempting to nullify the variables, the programmer may introduce errors by prematurely nullifying a variable.
A fourth challenge regards single-assignment semantics. More specifically, a programmer may use variables and parameters with single-assignment semantics, such as using the "const" keyword in the C programming language, or using the "final" attribute in a Java program. Single-assignment semantics are used to prevent certain types of programming errors as well as to communicate a variable's use clearly to other programmers and the compiler. A programmer desiring to use single-assignment cannot use nullification, as the nullification statement will be seen by the compiler as a second assignment, violating the single-assignment semantic. The programmer must therefore choose, for every variable, whether to use single-assignment or variable nullification, thus losing the benefits of using both techniques simultaneously.
Another challenge is that a compiler may actually be responsible for setting up a variable to reference an object as well as including the variable in the activation record of a program. In such situations, the programmer would not know the name of the variable or object being passed as a result of the compiler and, therefore, would not be able to include a statement nullifying the object or variable after it is no longer used.
At various points in the program, a last use of a variable that references an object is made. One of these points is statement 170. While only one point is shown in program stack 125, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many such points may exist in a given program when particular variables are no longer used (i.e., some variables may no longer be used while other variables continue to be used). Even though the variables are no longer used, program stack 125 continues to reference the unused variables. The continued reference by such variables to such no-longer-used objects results in garbage collector 100 maintaining (i.e., not removing) the memory used by the no-longer-used objects within heap 110, notwithstanding the fact that there may be no objects needing the objects and variables. In the example shown, program stack 125 performs memory hungry computation 180. Even if the middleware environment, such as a Java Virtual Machine, needs additional memory to perform the computation, it is unable to identify the no-longer-used objects as "garbage" until after the computation is performed (i.e., at the end of the procedure 190 which is often identified with a closing brace (})).
What is needed, therefore, is a system and method for automatically nullifying variables that are no longer used by a program. What is further needed is a modification of the compiler to automatically nullify variables both referenced by the programmer as well as those included by the compiler.
It has been discovered that the aforementioned challenges are resolved using a system and method that nullifies variables after they are no longer used. Once the variables are nullified, the space occupied by the objects that they formerly referenced in the heap can be reclaimed, if needed, by a garbage collection routine. Without nullifying the variables, the garbage collection routine must assume that the program is still using the objects and may not reclaim the space.
Before program execution, objects and variables to be included in activation records are compared with program statements to determine the last usage of such objects and variables. When an object or variable is last used in the program, a statement is automatically included in the program code nullifying the variable. In one embodiment, nullifying the variable is performed by setting the address of the referenced object to "null" (e.g., "object1=null;"). Setting the object or variable to null destroys the reference of the program to the object residing in the heap. If that variable held the last reference to the object, then, after the program's reference to the object or variable has been nullified, the garbage collector is free to reclaim the memory used to store the object in the heap.
The foregoing is a summary and thus contains, by necessity, simplifications, generalizations, and omissions of detail; consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other aspects, inventive features, and advantages of the present invention, as defined solely by the claims, will become apparent in the non-limiting detailed description set forth below.
The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings.
The following is intended to provide a detailed description of an example of the invention and should not be taken to be limiting of the invention itself. Rather, any number of variations may fall within the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims following the description.
Garbage collector 200 is a process (i.e., a software routine) that reclaims memory occupied by objects that are stored in heap 210. When invoked, garbage collector 200 determines which objects residing in the heap are no longer accessible ("reachable") from other objects ("roots"), such as program stack 225. Program stack 225 includes a start of the procedure 230, often identified by a left brace ({). The program stack includes activation records 240 that include parameters that are passed to the program as well as locally declared variables 250. Some of the variables included in the activation records reference objects that are stored in garbage collected heap 210. Program stack 225 also includes statements that use objects and variables 260. Such statements may retrieve data from objects, store data in the objects, or call the objects to perform computations or other functions.
At various points in the program, a last use of a variable that references an object is made. One of these points is statement 270. While only one point is shown in program stack 225, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many such points may exist in a given program when particular variables are no longer used (i.e., some variables may no longer be used while other variables continue to be used). After a variable is last-used by the program, the compiler inserts nullification statement 275 into the compiled program. In this manner, after the nullification statement, program stack 225 no longer references the objects that are no longer used by the program. The removal of the reference to the no-longer-used objects results in garbage collector 200 being able to remove the memory used by the no-longer-used objects from heap 210, if there are no other programs needing the objects and variables. In the example shown, program stack 225 performs memory hungry computation 280. If the middleware environment, such as a Java Virtual Machine, needs additional memory to perform the computation, it is possible that garbage collector 200 will be able to identify the no-longer-used objects as "garbage" before the computation is performed, thus freeing memory in the heap that might be needed by the memory hungry computation. Nullification statements are inserted by the compiler into program stack 225 at appropriate points between the activation records and the end of the program 290, which is often indicated by a closing brace (}).
Compiler processing commences at 300 whereupon, at step 305, the compiler reads activation records 315 from source program 310. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that source program 310 may be a program written by a programmer as well as a program that has had activation records inserted in the program by the compiler. The compiler records the variables that are included in the activation records.
The compiler reads, at step 320, program statement 325 included in source program 310. Program statements included in source program 310 may use include variables that were identified in the activation records, and these variables may reference objects stored in the heap. The compiler performs compilation steps on the statement and, at step 330, writes the resulting compiled statement to resulting code 340 as program statement 350.
The compiler then identifies, at step 355, variables used in the most recently read program statement that are not used in subsequent statements found in source program 310. A determination is made as to whether the most recently read program statement is the "last use" of any of the variables (decision 360). If the statement is the "last use" of any such variables, decision 360 branches to "yes" branch 362 whereupon, at step 365, nullification statement 370 is written for those variables that are no longer used. An example, in the Java programming language, of a nullification statement that nullifies variable "Var1" that previously referenced object "ObjA" is "Var1=null;"—the effect of this statement is to set the address of the object referenced by Var1 to a "null" value (i.e., no address) which severs the program's connection to the actual object ("Obj1") stored in the heap. When garbage collection occurs, the program will no longer be seen as a "root" of the object. If there are no other "roots" of the object, then the garbage collector is free to remove the object from the heap and reclaim the memory that it occupied.
On the other hand, if the statement is not the "last use" of any of the variables, then decision 360 branches to "no" branch 368 bypassing step 365.
A determination is made as to whether there are more statements to process in source program 310 (decision 380). If there are additional statements to process, decision 380 branches to "yes" branch 382 which loops back to read and process the next statement resulting in program statement 375 being written to resulting code 340. Throughout this looping, when a "last use" of one or more variables is encountered, a nullification statement is written to resulting code 340 for such statements. Eventually, program end statement 385 is read from source program 310, end statement 390 is written to resulting code 340, and decision 380 branches to "no" branch 392 whereupon compiler processing ends at 395.
Listing 400 includes activation records 410 and 420. Activation record 410 is the argument statement passing arguments param1, param2, and param3 to the program. Activation record 420 shows the declaration of local variables value1 and value2. The comment indicates that no further use is made of param1 or value1 in the remainder of the program prior to the execution of statement 430. Statement 430 is shown to be a "memory hungry" computation which may need more memory than is currently free in the JVM heap, causing a garbage collection event to occur in order to free space for the computation.
Listing 460 shows the same listing as shown in listing 400 after JIT compiler 450 automatically inserted nullification statements. Listing 460 includes nullification statement 470 which nullifies param1 and value1 (i.e., sets their value (referenced address) to null indicating that the variable is no longer referencing an object in the heap). Now, when memory hungry computation statement 430 executes, if the garbage collector needs to locate additional memory for the computation then the memory previously occupied by the objects referenced by param1 and value1 may be able to be reclaimed (so long as no other program/object is currently a root for either object) providing additional memory for the execution of memory hungry computation 430.
PCI bus 514 provides an interface for a variety of devices that are shared by host processor(s) 500 and Service Processor 516 including, for example, flash memory 518. PCI-to-ISA bridge 535 provides bus control to handle transfers between PCI bus 514 and ISA bus 540, universal serial bus (USB) functionality 545, power management functionality 555, and can include other functional elements not shown, such as a real-time clock (RTC), DMA control, interrupt support, and system management bus support. Nonvolatile RAM 520 is attached to ISA Bus 540. Service Processor 516 includes JTAG and I2C busses 522 for communication with processor(s) 500 during initialization steps. JTAG/I2C busses 522 are also coupled to L2 cache 504, Host-to-PCI bridge 506, and main memory 508 providing a communications path between the processor, the Service Processor, the L2 cache, the Host-to-PCI bridge, and the main memory. Service Processor 516 also has access to system power resources for powering down information handling device 501.
Peripheral devices and input/output (I/O) devices can be attached to various interfaces (e.g., parallel interface 562, serial interface 564, keyboard interface 568, and mouse interface 570 coupled to ISA bus 540. Alternatively, many I/O devices can be accommodated by a super I/O controller (not shown) attached to ISA bus 540.
In order to attach computer system 501 to another computer system to copy files over a network, LAN card 530 is coupled to PCI bus 510. Similarly, to connect computer system 501 to an ISP to connect to the Internet using a telephone line connection, modem 575 is connected to serial port 564 and PCI-to-ISA Bridge 535.
While the computer system described in
One of the preferred implementations of the invention is a client application, namely, a set of instructions (program code) in a code module that may, for example, be resident in the random access memory of the computer. Until required by the computer, the set of instructions may be stored in another computer memory, for example, in a hard disk drive, or in a removable memory such as an optical disk (for eventual use in a CD ROM) or floppy disk (for eventual use in a floppy disk drive), or downloaded via the Internet or other computer network. Thus, the present invention may be implemented as a computer program product for use in a computer. In addition, although the various methods described are conveniently implemented in a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by software, one of ordinary skill in the art would also recognize that such methods may be carried out in hardware, in firmware, or in more specialized apparatus constructed to perform the required method steps.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention and its broader aspects. Therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is solely defined by the appended claims. It will be understood by those with skill in the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim element is intended, such intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such limitation is present. For non-limiting example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim elements. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim element by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim element to inventions containing only one such element, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an"; the same holds true for the use in the claims of definite articles.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 13, 1996
|Nov 24, 1998
|Parasoft Corporation
|Method and system for dynamically detecting leaked memory space in a computer program
|Apr 23, 1997
|Dec 8, 1998
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Garbage collection system and method for locating root set pointers in method activation records
|Apr 23, 1997
|Apr 6, 1999
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|System and method for swapping blocks of tagged stack entries between a tagged stack cache and an untagged main memory storage
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|Aug 17, 1999
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Language independent optimal size-based storage allocation
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|Jun 27, 2000
|Newmonics Inc.
|Method for efficient soft real-time execution of portable byte code computer programs
|May 29, 1998
|Jul 25, 2000
|Intel Corporation
|Method of run-time tracking of object references in Java programs
|May 30, 1997
|Jul 25, 2000
|Sun Microsystems
|Method and apparatus for optimizing the null pointer exception in an object-oriented programming environment with statically typed variables
|May 20, 1996
|Nov 21, 2000
|Inprise Corporation
|Development system with methods for just-in-time compilation of programs
|Oct 14, 1998
|Oct 23, 2001
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|System and method for automatically and selectively promoting object variables to method fields and variables in a digital computer system
|Jun 2, 2000
|Nov 13, 2001
|Intel Corporation
|Method of run-time tracking of object references in Java programs
|Sep 15, 1998
|Dec 4, 2001
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for finding bugs related to garbage collection in a virtual machine
|Jun 27, 2001
|Mar 5, 2002
|Microsoft Corporation
|Incremental garbage collection
|Dec 23, 1998
|Jul 2, 2002
|Cray Inc.
|Method and system for identifying locations to move portions of the computer program
|Mar 23, 2000
|Nov 26, 2002
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Memory reclamation method
|Mar 31, 1999
|Apr 20, 2004
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for freeing memory in a data processing system
|Dec 10, 2002
|May 24, 2005
|Sun Microsystems Inc.
|Measuring the exact memory requirement of an application through intensive use of garbage collector
|Sep 15, 1998
|Aug 9, 2001
|David Ungar
|Method and apparatus for finding bugs related to garbage collection in a virtual machine
|May 15, 2001
|Nov 22, 2001
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Dynamic adaptive tenuring of objects
|Apr 16, 2003
|Oct 21, 2004
|Oracle International Corporation
|Techniques for increasing the usefulness of transaction logs
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 2006
|Jan 6, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system to optimize java virtual machine performance
|Sep 5, 2008
|Apr 10, 2012
|Oracle International Corporation
|System and method to improve memory usage in virtual machines running as hypervisor guests
|Mar 28, 2012
|Feb 17, 2015
|Oracle International Corporation
|System and method to improve memory usage in virtual machines running as hypervisor guests
|Aug 16, 2006
|Feb 21, 2008
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system to optimize java virtual machine performance
|Sep 5, 2008
|Mar 12, 2009
|Oracle International Corporation
|System and method to improve memory usage in virtual machines running as hypervisor guests
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 2, 2003
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LAKE, JOHN M.;REEL/FRAME:014273/0701
Effective date: 20030630
|Jul 15, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 16, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 4, 2016
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Apr 26, 2016
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20160304


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 26, 2000
|Filing date
|Jun 25, 1998
|Priority date
|Aug 2, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Helmut Salbaum, Harald Bauer, Friedrich Fruhwald
|Original Assignee
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (25), Classifications (7), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a communication system for exchanging data between a bus and at least one coupled data processing arrangement via a serial interface which is coupled to a microprocessor by a control line via a DMA unit.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a DMA unit for both a mobile radio and a data processing device (for example a personal computer) comprising such a communication system.
From EP 0 422 776 is known a communication system for serial data exchange which comprises a microprocessor, a memory, a DMA unit (Direct Memory Access Control unit DMAC) and a serial interface (Serial Communication Control SCC). These function blocks are interconnected as shown in FIG. 3 by data bus (column 4, lines 6-26). In FIG. 3 with associated description (column 8, line 41 to column 9, line 12) is described how the data (Communication Line 318) are received from the interface (SCC). Subsequently, under the control of the DMAC, the address information and the message contents of the data packets are written at a fixed memory location in a memory via the data bus (310). In this phase, the interface (SCC) does not supply control signals to the microprocessor via the DMA unit (DMAC). The DMA unit (DMAC) controls the transmission of the data packets from the interface (SCC) to the memory, without a check of the operation and thus a possibility of reacting to deviations from normal operation (column 8, lines 41-47). The DMAC supplies a HOLD signal to the microprocessor only at the end of a data packet to request for a check via the data bus once the SCC signals a request (column 8, lines 51-57) via a line (Request Line 33).
Since the described communication system has no control line from the interface to the microprocessor, this serial interface cannot be operated in the conventional interrupt mode. As a result, the data exchange is always to take place in the DMA mode, in which the DMA unit controls transmission to the memory. Furthermore, without control signals, the interface cannot carry out an accurate check of the data exchange (reception/transmission and storage), so that particularly when there is a deviation from the error-free operation, considerable software expenditure is necessary for correcting measures. In an interrupt mode, the interface directly informs the microprocessor of a data exchange by sending an interrupt signal. This conventional way of controlling the data exchange, however, implies a considerable load of the microprocessor and on the data bus which, as a result, can then render considerably less capacity available for other tasks (for example, the control of further interfaces). For certain data (for example, with the exchange of small data sequences such as control data), this mode, however, is more efficient than the DMA mode in which the direct check is lacking during storage.
It is an object of the invention to provide a communication system which guarantees an efficient data exchange between a bus and a serial interface by means of a DMA unit while the controlling microprocessor is loaded to a small extent.
This object is achieved in that the DMA unit in an inactive state featuring an interrupt mode is provided for transferring an interface control signal to the microprocessor by the control line and in an active state featuring a DMA mode is provided for forming at least one DMA control signal from the interface control signal and for transferring the formed DMA control signals to the microprocessor by the control line. For utilizing a serial interface for a data exchange both in the interrupt mode and in the DMA mode, the control line by which the interface is connected to the controlling microprocessor is looped through by a DMA unit. When a large number of data are to be transmitted via the interface, the communication system recognizes this and may activate the DMA unit by the microprocessor in a software-controlled manner. The DMA unit is then included in the control line and changes the interface control signals. The control signals directly transferred in the interrupt mode are interpreted and assigned to DMA control signals which are then applied to the microprocessor instead. This assignment may be simply realized by a switching circuit or an addressable memory and may thus be adapted to different requirements.
In a preferred embodiment, an evaluation unit in the microprocessor is coupled to the control line of the interface and provided for transferring to the microprocessor an interrupt vector assigned to the control line. Inside the microprocessor, the various control signals (for example I/O requests from a plurality of interfaces and further components of the communication system) are evaluated by an Interrupt Control Unit (ICU). The evaluation unit (ICU) produces an interrupt vector for each control line which vector is addressed by a control signal (interrupt on this control line). The interrupt vector points at an associated interrupt routine which the microprocessor then starts.
In an advantageous further embodiment, the DMA unit in the active state is provided for forming a DMA mode interrupt vector and for assigning the DMA mode interrupt vector to the control line of the interface in the evaluation unit. Besides the evaluation of the control signal by the interface, the DMA unit also produces a DMA mode interrupt vector which is used in the DMA mode instead of the normal interrupt vector. Since, according to the invention, one control line is used for two different interrupt sources (interface in the interrupt mode and DMA unit in the DMA mode), the interrupt vector assigned to the control line should be changeable to be able to distinguish it. In this manner, the DMA mode interrupt vector points at another interrupt routine which is started with a DMA control signal (DMA interrupt). In this manner, the DMA control signals (for example, occupancy levels of buffer memories in the DMA unit, transmission errors, data exchange terminated) may trigger suitable interrupt routines.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the DMA unit in the active state is provided for setting a DMA bit in the interrupt vector and in the inactive state for resetting the DMA bit in the interrupt vector. The formation of a DMA mode interrupt vector may be realized in an astonishingly simple manner by changing one bit in the interrupt vector. By setting the DMA bit (value `1`), physically the same vector continues to be assigned to the control line whereas, however, the contents are modified in an unambiguous manner so that the changed vector points at a new interrupt routine. When the DMA bit is reset by the DMA unit (value `0`), the normal interrupt vector is available again.
It is particularly advantageous to provide in the DMA unit in the active state a linear buffer and a ring buffer for buffering the data to be exchanged. Two storage methods are rendered available by the DMA unit for buffering data which are to be transmitted from or to the interface. In the linear buffer are buffered, more particularly rather small data sequences (for example, brief messages) because here the data are stored linearly at memory locations. In contrast, the ring buffer is organized in a ring-shaped manner, that is to say, when the top limit of the ring buffer is reached, the memory address is reset to its start value. This provides a buffer with an adjustable size. For avoiding an overflow or an emptying, the microprocessor receives DMA control signals about the occupancy levels. This ring buffer is particularly suitable for large data sequences which may occur, for example, when graphics data for featuring a display are transmitted.
In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the data exchange is optimized in that when data are buffered in the ring buffer, a respective DMA control signal featuring the occupancy level is transferred to the microprocessor when a half-full occupancy level and a full occupancy level of the ring buffer is reached, in that the number of the data still to be exchanged after each next occupancy level is written in a counter register of the linear buffer, and in that this number of the data is stored in the linear buffer when the next occupancy level is reached. In this manner, large data sequences may be buffered without loading the microprocessor. With conventional buffering, the microprocessor is constantly to query the memory addresses of the ring buffer to be able to stop the storage operation in the right manner because only the half-full and the full occupancy level is announced by means of control signals. With the method stated above, the DMA unit can autonomously monitor the buffering. When a data sequence (for example, 18 bytes) which does not exactly reach the half-full (for example 8 bytes) of full (for example 16 bytes) occupancy level of the ring buffer is to be buffered, the number of the data sequence that exceeds the next occupancy level (2 bytes in this example) is written in the counter register of the linear buffer. First the ring buffer is utilized to capacity for this purpose. The DMA unit then causes the number of data stored in the counter register to be stored in the linear buffer when the next occupancy level (`full` here) is reached, while the counter register is decremented by unity for each byte. The microprocessor is only loaded by a DMA control signal (DMA interrupt) at the end of the data exchange (counter register=0).
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the communication system,
FIG. 2 shows a detailed block diagram of the data exchange with a DMA unit according to the invention,
FIG. 3 shows the bit-by-bit structure of an interrupt vector for a microprocessor and
FIG. 4 shows the structure of the buffer included in the DMA unit.
The communication system 1 in FIG. 1 comprises a microprocessor 2, a DMA unit 3, a plurality of serial interfaces 4a, 4b and 4c and a bus controller 5 which are all connected to a bus 6. The memory 7 also coupled to the bus 6 is arranged outside the communication system 1 in the example of embodiment. The interfaces 4a-4c are further connected to the DMA unit 3 by a control line. Furthermore, a data processing arrangement 8 outside the communication system 1 by which the data exchange is effected is connected to the interface 4a. In the example, this data processing arrangement is a standard memory board in the PCMCIA format which is also used for PC applications. The communication system 1 is advantageously integrated in one chip.
For describing the data exchange by the DMA unit 3 according to the invention, the function blocks taking part therein are shown in more detail in FIG. 2. The bus 6 comprises a data bus 61 and an address bus 62. The DMA unit 3, the microprocessor 2 and the memory 7 are connected to the data bus 61 and the address bus 62. In addition, the serial interface 4a is coupled to the data bus 61. An evaluation unit 11 (Interrupt Control Unit ICU) assigned to the microprocessor 2 contains a plurality of interrupt vectors of which an interrupt vector 9 and an assigned DMA mode interrupt vector 10 are shown. Further is shown the control line by which the interface 4a is connected to the microprocessor 2 via the DMA unit 3. The DMA unit 3 renders a linear buffer 15 and a ring buffer 16 available.
FIG. 3 shows the structure of an interrupt vector 9 in more detail. Generally, an interrupt vector 9 comprises three fields with a total of 8 bits of which the first four bits 12, starting from bit Bit0 (LSB), feature the interrupt source. The next bit Bit4 is the DMA bit 13 and the bits BitB5-B7 (MSB) describe a basic address 14. The basic address 14 is defined by a register (not shown) in the evaluation unit 11 and is the same for all the interrupt sources. The basic address 14 makes it possible for a plurality of vector tables to be used which contain the interrupt vectors 9 for all the interrupt sources. As a result, various interrupt routines are possible which are adapted to the software used, which software then writes a value for the vector table in the respective register. The interrupt vector 9 is multiplied by 4 in the core of the microprocessor 2 and the value obtained is used as a start address for the interrupt routine assigned to the interrupt source. For obtaining unambiguous start addresses, the basic address 14 is to be selected such that the interrupt vectors 9 from 0 to 64 (24 �4) are not involved.
The DMA bit 13 is set by the DMA unit 3. When an interface or another interrupt source cannot or must not be used in the DMA mode, the DMA bit 13 in the associated interrupt vector 9 is not set. Then, after a respective request from the interrupt source (control signal), the normal interrupt routine is started. For interrupt sources which can be used in the DMA mode, the DMA bit 13 forms the distinction between the normal interrupt routine and a DMA mode interrupt routine.
When the data exchange is to take place in the interrupt mode, the interface 4a announces a respective request (interrupt) to the microprocessor 2 by a control line. The control line is looped through by the DMA unit 3 which is in the inactive state, and the interface control signal is not changed by the request. The control signal is received and evaluated by the evaluation unit 11 (ICU) in which the interrupt vector 9 assigned to the interrupt source is transmitted to the core of the microprocessor 2. As a result, a start is made of the interrupt routine which controls a data exchange via the interface 4a in the interrupt mode.
When, for example, on the basis of the type of data to be exchanged, the DMA mode is shown, the microprocessor 2 sets the DMA unit 3 to an active state featuring the DMA mode by means of an activation signal A. The control signals of the interface 4a are then no longer directly transferred to the microprocessor 2, but evaluated as data exchange requests in the DMA unit 3. The "free" control line is used for transmitting DMA control signals. In addition, in the active state, the buffers 15 and 16 rendered available by the DMA unit 3 are used for the data exchange in the DMA mode. The structure of the buffers 15 and 16 in the DMA unit 3 is shown in FIG. 4. Both message oriented and transparent data may thus be transmitted in optimum fashion by means of the DMA unit 3. In the case of message-related data, five bytes to be transmitted from or to the interface 4a may be buffered in the linear buffer 15. An assigned counter register 17 is decremented by unity for each stored byte and informs the microprocessor 2 that the buffer 15 is full when "zero" is reached. The exchange is automatically stopped when the set number of bytes to be transmitted is reached and the microprocessor 2 is also informed thereof by means of a DMA control signal. Transparent data to be transmitted are buffered in the ring buffer 16 which has selectable size. When a storage limit is reached, the memory address is again set to its start value. To avoid an overflow of the ring buffer 16, the microprocessor 2 is informed of the half-full and full occupancy levels by the DMA control signal.
To simplify the exact stop of the ring buffer 16 by the microprocessor 2 which is expensive as regards software, the DMA unit 3 takes over the synchronization. To stop the storage in the ring buffer 16 in a specific manner when not the "half-full" or "full" occupancy levels occur, the microprocessor 2 is generally to query the memory address of the ring memory 16 which leads to much load of the microprocessor 2 and of the bus 6. The DMA unit 3 according to the invention reduces the load considerably by a combination of the linear buffer 15 and the ring buffer 16. When the number of data still to be transmitted after the next "half-full" or "full" occupancy level has been reached is written in the counter register 17 during the storage in the ring buffer 16, the DMA unit 3 immediately switches to the linear buffer 15 when this next occupancy level is reached. The load of the microprocessor 2 is reduced to a DMA mode interrupt (counter register=0) at the end of the data exchange.
The DMA unit 3 reduces the circuitry and cost for the synchronization of the microprocessor 2 with the interface 4a by evaluating the control signals also in the following three cases. When a data exchange is started, a load of the microprocessor 2 is avoided until a start recognition in the DMA unit 3 recognizes the transmission of the first data word and this is announced to the microprocessor 2 via DMA mode interrupt. When, an error occurs during the data exchange, all the counters and pointers (for example, to the current address in the buffer 16) are frozen at their value. As a result, a very simple error treatment becomes possible when there is a renewed attempt at a data exchange.
In this manner, the microprocessor 2 is unloaded in the DMA mode because it no longer needs to react to every control signal (interrupt) from the interface 4a, but the control of the data exchange is largely taken over by the DMA unit 3. Since the same control line is now used for two interrupt sources (interface 4a in the interrupt mode and in the DMA mode), the associated interrupt vector 9 in the evaluation unit 11 of the microprocessor 2 as described above is to be equipped with an offset. As a result, the activating signal A also causes the DMA unit 3 to set the DMA bit 13. Thus, depending on the mode, two different interrupt routines are started in the case of an interrupt.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 25, 1981
|Jul 3, 1984
|Tokyo Shibaura Electric Company, Ltd.
|Memory access control system
|Jun 14, 1985
|Jun 6, 1989
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Multiple port service expansion adapter for a communications controller
|Jul 20, 1989
|Nov 5, 1991
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Data processing device with direct memory access function processed as an micro-code vectored interrupt
|Jul 12, 1993
|Jan 2, 1996
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Data processor including selection mechanism for coupling internal and external request signals to interrupt and DMA controllers
|Sep 27, 1993
|Jul 9, 1996
|Hitachi America, Inc.
|On-chip DMA controller with host computer interface employing boot sequencing and address generation schemes
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 9, 1999
|Dec 31, 2002
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics accelerator
|Oct 20, 2000
|Mar 23, 2004
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Dual mode (registered/unbuffered) memory interface
|May 16, 2003
|Jul 10, 2007
|Intel Corporation
|Enable/disable claiming of a DMA request interrupt
|Jan 28, 2005
|Jun 2, 2009
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|System and controller with reduced bus utilization time
|Jul 12, 2006
|Feb 9, 2010
|Broadcom Corporation
|Video and graphics system with parallel processing of graphics windows
|May 26, 2006
|Feb 23, 2010
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics display system with line buffer control scheme
|Aug 3, 2006
|Feb 23, 2010
|Broadcom Corporation
|Video, audio and graphics decode, composite and display system
|Dec 28, 2006
|Jun 29, 2010
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics display system with anti-aliased text and graphics feature
|May 15, 2007
|Dec 7, 2010
|Broadcom Corporation
|Video and graphics system with an MPEG video decoder for concurrent multi-row decoding
|Nov 9, 1999
|Mar 22, 2011
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics display system with window soft horizontal scrolling mechanism
|May 26, 2009
|Apr 5, 2011
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics display system with video scaler
|May 11, 2004
|Aug 2, 2011
|Broadcom Corporation
|Video and graphics system with video scaling
|Oct 8, 2004
|Nov 22, 2011
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics layer reduction for video composition
|Oct 15, 2010
|Mar 5, 2013
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics accelerator
|Apr 5, 2011
|Jul 23, 2013
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics display system with video scaler
|Aug 1, 2011
|Sep 30, 2014
|Broadcom Corporation
|Video and graphics system with video scaling
|Apr 1, 2003
|Dec 16, 2014
|Broadcom Corporation
|Video decoding system having a programmable variable-length decoder
|Jan 22, 2004
|Jul 7, 2015
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics display system with unified memory architecture
|Mar 1, 2013
|Aug 18, 2015
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics accelerator
|Jul 2, 2015
|Feb 21, 2017
|Broadcom Corporation
|Graphics display system with unified memory architecture
|Oct 2, 2001
|May 30, 2017
|Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
|Single chip set-top box system
|May 13, 2003
|Dec 18, 2003
|Denis Archambaud
|Communication system for exchanging data using an additional processor
|May 16, 2003
|Nov 18, 2004
|Munguia Peter R.
|DMA request interrupt
|Jan 28, 2005
|Aug 25, 2005
|Sang-Yeun Cho
|System and controller with reduced bus utilization time
|May 26, 2006
|May 31, 2007
|Macinnis Alexander G
|Graphics display system with line buffer control scheme
|U.S. Classification
|710/22, 710/47, 710/33, 710/50
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 25, 1998
Owner name: U.S. PHILIPS CORPORATION, NEW YORK
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text:
Handbag-wielding pensioner saves jeweller from sledgehammer thugs
Gang armed with sledgehammers beaten away with handbag.
Discover how to save time and money, by managing your finances and overseas transactions with ease.
Join the event for pursuing an international career in the Netherlands, featuring a range of employers and presentations.
Find your new international career, or simply keep an eye on vacancies, with Expatica Jobs.


text:
GraphicRiver Steel Shield over Black Dotted Background 9209314
Stock Vector \ Objects
Shield \ Background \ VectorSteel \ Dotted \ Triangle \ Symbol \ Vector \ Template
Stock Vector - Steel Shield over Black Dotted Background 9209314 by Makhnach @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Objects
Steel shield over black dotted background. Vector EPS10. Transparency is used to create shadows.
Layered: Yes; Graphics Files Included: JPG Image, Vector EPS; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Lighthouse Against a Mountain Range; Landscape with Sunset at the Seashore ; Green Grass; Set of Train With Freight Wagons; Set of Oil Pumps and Rig Silhouettes; Set of Compass Roses; Oil Pumps and Rigs at Oilfield over Mountains.
Keywords: award, background, black, blank, copy, design, glossy, icon, illustration, insignia, knight, label, metal, metallic, military, nobility, protection, retro, security, shape, shield, shiny, silver, space, steel, style, symbol, template, triangle, vector.


text:
Worgen by ericbraddockWatch
©2011-2017 ericbraddock
WoW inspired painting of the newly added race into the Alliance for Cataclysm: the Worgen.
Worgens are freaking awesome! Mine is also a Druid
Never played WoW, but this guy is badass.
This is completely awesome. I love the combination of the green magic glow and red lava glow!
Wow ! Awsome !!!
this is very good. and worgens rock!
Greetings man, wanted to see if it is possible donaras this image to a card game Chilean edcion currently have a market and we are trying to stop the second edcion to exit this year, so far as we are a new company we have no capital to compensate the illustrations, so we are asking for contributions, in Chile there are a lot of players, so we can offer in each letter Diffusion imprensa psudonimo your name or your choice. you can check more about them here www.arkna.cl arkna, well there told me, many greetings
Thanks, guys!
yes male worgens are very sexy!
very good, i love his face)
That is one bad ass Worgen!
I love how you drew him here And the coloring and shading is amazing!
I'm almost afraid to ask, but do you also take requests?
I love how you drew him here And the coloring and shading is amazing!
I'm almost afraid to ask, but do you also take requests?


text:
a question about compressible solver
2 Attachment(s)
Hi Foamusers,
I have used the compressible solver rhoSimpleFoam to simulate two case, one is the ONERA M6 Wing, anoterone is a valve.
But compared with the experiment data, the results form OpenFOAM with the solver rhoSimpleFoam seems to be not so correct, actually there are maybe 20% difference.
e.g. for the onera m6 wing. My pressure coefficient is different with the experiment data. see the attached figure.
Has anyone also use this solver before? And could you please give me some suggestion, how to improve the results.
Before you ask about the solver, what's your mesh type and what does it look like in the region of interest? Assuming this is at transonic conditions, it looks like you're not resolving the shock (the shock is about mid-chord on the suction side)
Xck1986 Hello, I'm running a job with openfoam and so far I have analyzed simpleFoam. I would be very interested in using rhosimpleFoam but I have no available tutorials.Ho tried to set the case but it gives me problems, I put another post (http://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/images/icons/icon1.gif rhoSimpleFoam tutorial --- http://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/ope...-tutorial.html)
. Even I have to analyze and compare them with the wing oneraM6 this report A. Krumbein,
en transition prediction for 3D wing with gurations databases using me-
thods and to local, linear stability code, DLR
If you can give me some information on how to set the solver I would be grateful
|All times are GMT -4. The time now is 21:14.


text:
Yes, you read the tittle right! Starbucks recently dropped a new Frappucino flavour called Unicorn Frapp. At first I thought people were joking around and the drink was probably photoshopped.
So I did so more investigation and I decided to look at the #unicornfrappucino, and there were countless of pictures and videos. Since I'm a Starbucks lover, I had to try this and it has the word 'unicorn' in it. I just had to guys.
I tried it and here is my final verdict about the drink. First off all, it is so pretty and colourful. When you first take a sip, it could be difficult to figure out the taste. It tastes fruity, but I couldn't figure out what kind of fruit I was tasting. Then someone said that it tastes like jolly ranchers. It definitely does and I love jolly ranchers. So overall the drink is delicious, but what's on the whip cream is not so yum.
On the whip cream there are some blue and pink sprinkles, when you mix up the drink it begins to taste like Vitamin C medicine. You know the round dissolvable Vitamin C tablets, well it tastes exactly like that.
I would recommend to get the drink without the whip cream, because without the whip cream the drink is not bad. So go out there unicorns and try the Unicorn Frappucino. Personally for me, this is the only time I would buy this drink. It's good, but not amazing. I will give this drink a 7/10.
If you've tried it, let me know what you think about the drink and whether or not you'll get it again.
See you soon!


text:
Further Mathematics is offered in many different ways, from teaching it as a fully timetabled class, to having all of the tuition provided through the FMSP.
The FMSP can help your school/college teach Further Mathematics. Your FMSP Area Coordinator can discuss different strategies and suggest support to help develop provision for Further Mathematics at your school.
Stagger the teaching of applied options.
Teach Further Pure over the year and the applied options in alternating 2-week blocks, e.g. teach Decision for a fortnight, and set some homework on it, then teach Mechanics for a fortnight. Students will always be studying one unit in class whilst studying a different one in their homework.
Teach just Further Pure for the first part of the course, then teach the applied options whilst consolidating the FP work.
For example: teach Further Pure for the first term then focus on Statistics and Mechanics after Christmas, building in regular opportunities to consolidate and revise the Further Pure.
Offer AS Further Mathematics over 2 years starting January year 12.
If you have any questions about these models, or would like to discuss your individual circumstances in more detail please contact your Area Coordinator through the Regions section of the website.
Wherever possible the FMSP supports schools and colleges to provide Further Mathematics tuition themselves. For ideas on how you can offer Further Mathematics in your school/college and ways in which the FMSP can support this, have a look at these case studies of schools and colleges that work with the FMSP.
QCA case studies for offering Further Mathematics
The 2007 QCA report Offering Further Mathematics as part of the A level curriculum includes further case studies for offering Further Mathematics. To download the full report, see 2007 QCA report.
Schools and Colleges can submit an online request to register with the Further Mathematics Support Programme. It is free to do so and there are many benefits.
To find out about the FMSP in your area please select a region from the map below: