text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 1994
|Filing date
|Apr 23, 1993
|Priority date
|Feb 13, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daniel L. Woodard, Adriann J. Howard, James A. Down
|Original Assignee
|Becton, Dickinson And Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (56), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/835,179, filed Feb. 13, 1992, abandoned.
The invention is in the field of molecular biology. In particular, the invention is in the area of deoxyribonucleic acid purification.
The continued advances in molecular biology and related disciplines present continued needs for improvements in tools associated with fully appreciating and developing the advanced technology.
A wide range of technologies involve the use of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) in a variety of forms. For example, advances in the area of recombinant DNA technology continually require the use of DNA in the form of probes, genomic DNA, and plasmid DNA.
Advances in the area of diagnostics also continue to utilize DNA in a variety of ways. For example, DNA probes are routinely used in the detection and diagnosis of human pathogens. Likewise, DNA is used in the detection of genetic disorders. DNA is also used in the detection of food contaminants. And, DNA probes are routinely used in locating, identifying and isolating target DNA of interest for a variety of reasons ranging from genetic mapping to cloning and recombinant expression.
In many instances DNA is available in extremely small amounts, and isolation and purification procedures can be laborious and time consuming. The often time consuming and laborious procedures can lead to loss of DNA. In the purification of DNA from specimens obtained from serum, urine, and bacterial cultures, there is the added risk of contamination and false-positive results.
Typical DNA purification protocols involve the use of caustic and poisonous compositions. The typical DNA purification protocol uses high concentrations of chaotropic salts such as sodium iodine and sodium perchlorate.
There are numerous protocols for purifying DNA. As evidenced by recent activity in the area of DNA purification, there is a continued pursuit for optimal DNA purification protocols. U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,978 discloses a process for purifying DNA in which a solution of protein and DNA is passed over a hydroxylated support and the protein is bound and the DNA is eluted. U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,342 discloses purification of DNA by selective binding of DNA to anion exchangers and subsequent elution. U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,952 discloses DNA isolation by precipitation with water-soluble ketones. A DNA purification procedure using chaotropes and dialyzed DNA is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,677.
While the present protocols for purifying DNA are able to accomplish their goal, it is desirable to purify DNA without the use of such caustic and poisonous compounds such as the most often used chaotropes in addition to obtaining increased amounts of DNA.
The invention provides the monomer unit composition: ##STR1## wherein R' is OH, R is SiO2, and R" is OH and repeating units of the composition comprising the formula: ##STR2## wherein R' is independently OH or ##STR3## R is SiO2, and R" is independently OH or ##STR4## and compositions comprising the above monomer and repeating units thereof. Repeating units described above can include from about 2 up to infinity. Ranges include about 2 to about 100,000,000, and about 2 to about 100,000.
The invention can be used to purify DNA from a variety of sources and from a variety of forms. The process uses the composition of the invention and renders the use of binding buffers, such as chaotropes, optional. The DNA can be bound in aqueous solution such as TE buffer (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA) at room temperature. In addition, the DNA can be eluted into water from the compositions of the invention by heating, or generally used elution buffers such as TE or 1 X TAE (Tris/acetate/EDTA) can be employed. Sources of DNA for purification include bacteria, bacteriophage, specimens, plants, animals, and the like. DNA can be found in a variety of forms and includes single-stranded, double-stranded, circular, and linear. The invention can be practiced with DNA from any source in any form.
The invention provides the monomer unit composition: ##STR5## wherein R' is OH, R is SiO2, and R" is OH and repeating units of the composition comprising the formula: ##STR6## wherein R' is independently OH or ##STR7## R is SiO2, and R" is independently OH or ##STR8## and compositions comprising the above monomer and repeating units thereof. Repeating units described above can include from about 2 up to infinity. Ranges include about 2 to 100,000,000, and about 2 to 100,000.
The surface provides for bonding of DNA while also allowing easy recovery of DNA from the surface.
Also provided is a process for purifying DNA which comprises contacting DNA with a composition of the formula: ##STR9## wherein R' is OH, R is SiO2, and R" is OH or repeating units of the composition comprising the formula: ##STR10## wherein R' is independently OH or ##STR11## R is SiO2, and R" is independently OH or ##STR12##
Reaction products of hydrating reagents and SiO2 are also provided.
The invention also provides a method for making the composition of the formula: ##STR13## wherein R' is OH, R is SiO2, and R" is ##STR14## and repeating units of the composition comprising the formula: ##STR15## wherein R' is independently OH or ##STR16## R is SiO2, and R" is independently OH or ##STR17## Repeating units described above can include from about 2 up to infinity. Ranges include about 2 to 100,000,000, and about 2 to 100,000.
Generally, reaction products of hydrating reagents and SiO2 result in a bead like structure comprising repeating units of the above referenced monomer unit.
It is possible that the electronic nature of this polymer is such that surface modifications can be made that are of a more conventional nature but are changed electronically due to the presence of this polymer being at the center of the bead (making it a more efficient surface for the purposes described in this disclosure). For example, the surface could be modified with SiCl4 followed by hydration which would result in a silanol coating on the surface. The exposure of the repeating unit is what interacts with the DNA, and thus surfaces comprising the repeating unit are also suitable for practicing the invention. Surfaces which can be designed to comprise compositions of the invention include dipstick configurations, tubes, vials, filtration devices, and the like.
The procedure for obtaining the compositions of the invention generally comprises adding a hydrating reagent like NaOH(aq) to SiO2 and refluxing.
The invention also provides a process for purifying DNA which comprises contacting DNA with compositions of the invention.
The process for producing the compositions of the invention and the reaction products of NaOH and SiO2 comprises the addition of NaOH to SiO2. Any counter ion, not just Na+, can be used in any concentration and in any ratio compared to SiO2. For example, potassium hydroxide can also be used. The ratio of NaOH to SiO2 is about 0.1:1-10:1, preferably about 2:1. The resultant product is filtered then washed and dried. Suitable washing reagents include acetone and the like. The product is now ready for use in purifying DNA.
The start of any DNA purification or isolation procedure requires obtaining the desired DNA from its source. Typical protocols for obtaining DNA from specimens such as serum, urine and bacterial cultures are well known and routinely carried out. Likewise, the ability to obtain DNA from genomic libraries and the like are routine. The key to the invention is the ability to purify DNA, once obtained from its source. Typical procedures for obtaining DNA end with a suspension of the DNA in solution. References include those for isolation of DNA from biological samples, Harding, J. D., Gebeyehu, G., Bebee, R., Simms, D., Ktevan, L., Nucleic Acids Research, 17:6947 (1989), and Marko, M. A., Chipperfield, R., and Birnboim, H. C., Analytical Biochemistry, 121:382 (1982). Procedures for isolation of plasmid DNA can be found in Lutze, L. H., Winegar, R. A., Nucleic Acids Research 20:6150 (1990). Extraction of double-stranded DNA from biological samples can be found in Yamada, O., Matsumoto, T., Nakashima, M., Hagri, S., Kamahora, T., Ueyama, H., Kishi, Y., Uemura H., Kurimura, T., Journal of Virological Methods 27:203 (1990). Most DNA solutions comprise the DNA in a suitable buffer such as TE (Tris-EDTA (10 mM:1 mM)), TEA (40 mm Tris-acetate, 1 mm EDTA) buffer, or a lysate.
Once the DNA is obtained in a suitable solution, a binding matrix is typically added to the solution. Generally used binding matrixes are silica in the form of glass or diatoms. However, procedures using silica require high concentrations of chaotropes or alcohols for the DNA to bind to the surfaces. Currently used chaotropes include sodium iodide (NaI), urea, guanidinium Hydrochloride, sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), and potassium bromide (KBr). Chaotropes and alcohols can be toxic, caustic, flamable and/or expensive. The process of the present invention does not require the presence of chaotropes or alcohols for binding to surfaces of the invention. Processes of the invention bind DNA in an aqueous solution at room temperature and elute the DNA in water at 37� C. However, if desired, chaotropes, alcohols and the like can be used with the process of the invention.
Typical procedures for using the process of the invention include the addition of the composition of the invention to a solution of DNA, which is generally followed by the addition of a binding buffer. At this point, it is advantageous that the process of the invention does not require a binding buffer. The solution can be incubated for a brief period at room temperature. After spinning, the supernatant can be discarded and the pellet washed. The DNA can then be eluted.
The composition of the invention is typically used in weight ranges from about 1:10 to 1:1 composition weight:water. Preferably excess amounts of water are avoided and buffers such as TE can be used in place of water.
Next, a binding buffer is added, if used. After a brief incubation period at room temperature from about 1 to 20 minutes, preferably about 10, the container can be spun to obtain a pellet and supernatant fractions. The supernatant is separated and the pellet is washed with a reagent such as ethanol diluted with 50 mM Tris. A preferred wash reagent concentration is 80% ethanol. DNA can then be eluted from the compositions of the invention by using elution buffers such as TE buffer, 1 X TAE buffer, and 1 X TBE (Tris/borate/EDTA) buffer. More importantly, the use of elution buffers can be eliminated altogether, and DNA eluted in water by heating. For maximum yields the elution step can be repeated.
The chemical compositions of the invention can be conveniently assembled into a kit. A kit comprising the composition of the invention can include the composition in a container, such as a vial, with a suitable buffer, such as TE buffer and TAE buffer and optionally include a container of a binding buffer such as chaotropes, a container of wash buffer, such as a solution of ethanol diluted with 50 mM tris or 1 X TAE, and a container of elution buffer, such as TE buffer, 1 X TAE buffer, and 1 X TBE buffer. Such a kit would allow convenient purification of DNA.
The following examples illustrate the specific embodiments of the invention described in this document. As would be apparent to skilled artisans, various changes and modifications are possible and are contemplated within the scope of the invention described.
The purpose of this experiment is to increase the surface hydroxyl groups on celite 545, acid washed, by refluxing in various solutions of NaOH. The increased presence of hydroxyls allows for easier modifications of the surface by chemical reactions.
Celite 545, acid washed (Alltech, Deerfield, Ill, stock #9043, QC 243)
NaOH (Aldrich Lot #04027EP)
Eight experiments were set up exactly the same way except that the amount of NaOH was varied from one experiment to the next.
______________________________________ Celite 545 NaOHExperiment g mMol mg mMol eq celite______________________________________1 .5 8.33 16.8 .42 .052 .5 8.33 33.2 .83 .13 .5 8.33 100.0 2.50 .34 .5 8.33 168.0 4.20 .55 .5 8.33 233.0 5.83 .76 .5 8.33 333.0 8.33 17 .5 8.33 500.0 12.50 1.58 .5 8.33 666.0 16.66 2______________________________________
In a typical experiment, the celite 545 is added to a round bottom flask followed by the NaOH dissolved in 10 ml H2 O. Reflux 48 hours with stirring. Filter, wash with water and acetone and air dry. Store in a desicator. Results and Conclusions for Example 1:
FTIR analysis was done showing increase in the --OH signal of hydrated surfaces compared to the starting material.
This experiment describes how the DNA binding capacity of SUPER FINE SUPER FLOSS CELITE (Manville) was determined and how that compares to the Prep-A-Gene DNA purification kit.
Super Fine Super Floss (SFSF) (Sample from Manville,
Denver, Co. (1:5 w/w in H2 O))
λDNA (BRL Cat. 56125A, Lot AJU702)
50 mM Tris pH7.0 (Dilute from 1M stock) BRL Cat. 5505UA, Lot
(PREP-A-GENE KIT (Bio-Rad, Richmond, Calif.))
Binding Buffers (Diluted from 6M stock) NaClO4 Fisher
Cat. 5490-500, Lot 914199
Wash Buffer 80% Ethanol in 50 mM Tris, pH7.0
Elution Buffer Milli Q H2 O
Ethidium Bromide (10 mg/ml) Sigma Cat. E-8751, Lot 99F3722
1% agarose BRL Cat. 5510UA, Lot 9N2204
1 X TAE (from 50 X stock) Tris Base-Sigma CAT T-1503, Lot
80H5633 Acetic Acid--Fisher A38-500 EDTA--Sigma CAT
ED255, Lot 117F-0026
Type II Loading Dye (25% Ficoll 400, 0.25% Bromophenol Blue,
0.25% xylene cyanol Ficoll 400--Sigma CAT F4375,
Bromophenol Blue--BIO-RAD CAT 161-0404, Lot M 1264, Xylene
Cyanole--Sigma CAT X-4126, Lot 8043740)
Type 57 and 55 POLAROID Film
1. Two groups of reactions are set up, one for each surface type. Each surface has 8 tubes containing 50 μl of the DNA solution. This solution is 0.5 μl λDNA in 50 μl 50 mM Tris, pH7.0 for 31 μg DNA/reaction. The titration ranges from 0M NaClO4 to 6M NaClO4.
2. Add 20 μl of each surface to the reaction mixes.
3. Add 400 μl Binding Buffer according to the titration. For Prep-A-Gene this was 0M, 2M, 2.5M, 3M, 3.5M, 4M, 4.5M, and 6M NaClO4. For SFSF, the titration is 0M, 1M, 1.5M, 2M, 2.5M, 3M, 3.5M, and 4M NaClO4.
4. Incubate for 10 minutes, with rocking, at room temperature.
5. Spin and discard supernatant.
6. Wash pellet 2 times with 80% ethanol/50 mM Tris, pH7.0.
7. Elute DNA in 20 μl H2 O, 37� C., 10 minutes.
8. Spin and remove supernatant to a separate tube. Repeat elution step and combine supernatants for ˜40 μl total.
9. Add 2 μl, Type II loading dye to each tube.
10. Load onto a 1% agarose, 1 X TAE gel. Run for ˜25 minutes at 100-130 volts in 1 X TAE buffer.
11. Stain with ethidium bromide in H2 O (˜1:1000) for ˜15 minutes. Destain for ˜20-30 minutes.
12. Photograph over UV light with Type 57 Polaroid film. If possible, take negatives with Type 55 film.
Results and Conclusions
SFSF celite binds DNA strongly at a binding buffer concentration of 2.5 m NaClO4 compared to Prep-a-Gene's matrix which requires 3M NaCl4 for binding DNA. For this reason SFSF will be used as the standard for comparison to the hydrated surfaces.
The purpose of the following experiment is to determine at what concentration of binding buffer will the hydrated SiO2 surfaces allow recovery of DNA from a sample. The results will be compared to Super Fine Super Floss celite.
1. Acid washed Celite 545+0.05 eq NaOH.
2. Acid washed Celite 545+0.1 eq NaOH.
3. Acid washed Celite 545+0.3 eq NaOH.
4. Acid washed Celite 545+0.5 eq NaOH.
5. Acid washed Celite 545+0.7 eq NaOH.
6. Acid washed Celite 545+1 eq NaOH.
7. Acid washed Celite 545+1.5 eq NaOH.
8. Acid washed Celite 545+2.0 eq NaOH.
9. Super Fine Super Floss celite.
The remainder of materials and methods are set forth and carried out in substantial accordance with the teachings of Example 2.
______________________________________Results: Concentration of Binding Buffer Required for Strong DNA Binding to the Test SurfaceCelite + NaOH DNA Binding 1M-4M [NaClO.sub.4 ]______________________________________.05 eq NaOH +.10 eq NaOH +.30 eq NaOH ++ 1.5M.50 eq NaOH ++ 2.0M.70 eq NaOH ++ 2.0M1.0 eq NaOH ++ 2.0M1.5 eq NaOH ++ 1.5M2.0 eq NaOH +++*SFSF celite ++ 3.0M______________________________________ +Trace amounts of DNA elute across the titration ++Near complete elution of DNA from 1.5, 2.0 or 3.0M NaClO.sub.4. +++Near complete elution of DNA across the titration. *Eluted DNA under native conditions. DNA binds in water at room temperature and eluted at 37� C. in water.
The results of gel electrophoresis demonstrates that as the amount of NaOH was increased in proportion to celite, the recovery of DNA from the resulting surface increased as well. As The mole ratio of NaOH:celite reaches 2.0, DNA was recovered under native conditions (no binding buffer required). Most of the surfaces isolated the DNA better than SFSF celite, without requiring concentrated amounts of binding buffer generally required to bring this about.
Although the invention has been described with respect to specific modifications, the details thereof are not to be construed as limitations, for it will be apparent that various equivalents, changes and modifications may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are to be included therein.
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|Feb 21, 2002
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|Oct 28, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
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My family really had a great time here. We enjoyed the food. The service was good. We will surely be back and eat here for the second time.
Rude staff, management and waitress. Food not at all appetizing. Looked unclean and unsanitary.Would not recommend eating here.
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text:
an occasional journal wherein I write about my fascination with the color gray and sometimes add some photos.
Wednesday, July 25, 2007
Wednesday or is that all you've got
Instead I'm getting a new air conditioner. It should be here in a few days. It's coming from New Mexico. Once it's here we'll schedule the installation. Looks like it's still a couple of weekends away.
So I'm not getting a new iPhone. Maybe for Christmas. By then it may be obsolete.
Still making progress on the MS3. I'm about six rows into Chart E which, if you're making one you'll know, is the beginning of clue #4. We have a couple of weeks to finish this clue before the next one comes out. I have to get this one done this week because Lisa is bringing me HP7 on Sunday and I'll be busy for a couple of days.
3 comments:
- dragon knitter said...
you'll LOVE HP 7, especially if you liked the others. it's my favorite. however, you'll need kleenex.
and i had to start over with my MS3. my needles were too big, so i took them back, and got size 1. much better. however, i only work on it at night after the kids go to bed, so i'm only on row 22. (chart A, lol)
- mehitabel said...
I'm going to start over on MS3. I just don't like the way mine is looking! I've got some black possum yarn I might try out... or the Malabrigo laceweight. All I know is, the white merino lace looks terrible, and my swatch didn't bloom as well as I would have hoped. Oh well. I won't rip it out, just set it aside, just in case!
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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
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Excellent - Knows and answers all questions. Your employee was patient - prompt and professional. Willing to tell the story and what could go wrong with the project. I wish I could have a employee like this person. His honesty and professio...
Ropp Brad & Angie is located at 7178 Pulaski Rd, Concord, MI. This business specializes in Plumbing, Heating, & Air and has 1 review(s) with a star rating of 5.0.


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Manchester, United Kingdom (PressExposure) February 19, 2009 -- DNB Vacation Rentals have released approximate figures for holiday rentals in the past year; in the amount of money made by their clients advertising holiday rental properties around the world. These aren't the figures from any one client or any one property because that would be against privacy policies, but the figures that have been compiled are average yields for holiday villas in a variety of locations between January 2008 and January 2009.
David Rosco DNB company director commented on the release of the figures: "We have decided to release these figures so that people can see the type of rental incomes they can make by advertising their holiday property privately with targeted industry websites like DNB Vacation Rentals.com. Overseas property agents advertising with property portals receive far more enquiries than those going-it-alone, and thus most agents now advertise with portals. Yet far too many overseas property owners are relying on friends, friends of friends, family and extended family for rental income from their property. We hope these figures will make them realise it is time for a change."
Owners of villas in Orlando [http://www.dnb-vacation-rentals.com/] advertised with DNB Vacation Rentals made average rental yields of 7.4%.
Owners of villas in Spain [http://www.dnb-vacation-rentals.com/europe/spain/] advertised with DNB Vacation Rentals made average rental yields of 8.7%.
Owners of French Gites [http://www.dnb-vacation-rentals.com/europe/france/] advertised with DNB Vacation Rentals made average rental yields of 6.8%.
The figures above are net average rental yields for the corresponding locations. Since according to overseas property experts say anything above a 6% net yield is impressive, it is fair to say that DNB Vacation Rentals are making impressive rental yields for all clients.
DNB Vacation Rental rates are very reasonable considering the income generated in return. Holiday property owners can list property on the site until May 2009 for just £29.
About DNB Vacation Rentals
DNB Vacation Rentals is an ethical UK based company dedicated to presenting the finest holiday rental properties from around the world and advertising rental property for private letters at very reasonable rates.


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A terrific home in Traverse Meadows is on the market waiting for you and your family!! Check everything on your wish list OFF with this FANTASTIC home, 1st AND second floor master, granite counter tops, stainless top of the line appliances, on demand water heater, finished walk out basement, salt water pool. What are you waiting for? Wrap around porch to relax on with your morning coffee or evening cocktail. Enjoy the trails and park like setting that Traverse Meadows has to offer!
Listing information
- Year Built: 2007
- Status: Sold on 11/25/2015
- Fireplaces: 1
- Foreclosure: No
- Lot Area: 0.50
- Association Fee: $432
- High School: Ballston Spa
- School District: Ballston Spa
- Property ID: 103881971
- Beds: 4
- Total Rooms: 12
- Parking Type Description: Attached 3 cars
- Total Square Footage: 3,200 ($143.75 per sq. foot)
- Lot Size: .50
- Association Fee Frequency: Annual
- Middle School: Ballston Spa
- Subdivision: Ttavers Meadows
- Style: Colonial
- Baths: 5 (Full: 4 3/4: 0 1/2: 1 Other: 0)
- Stories: 2
- New Construction: No
- Below Ground Sq. Feet: 1,200
- Estimated Annual Taxes: $7,352
- County: Saratoga
- Elementary School: Gordon Creek
Age Description Estimated
Amenities Built In Cabinets, Ceramic Tile, Gourmet Kitchen, Sliding Glass Door, Vaulted Ceiling, Walk In Closet, Walkout Basement, Wall To Wall Carpet, Whirlpool, Wood Floors
Appliances Convection Oven, Cook Top, Dishwasher, Disposal, Microwave, Range W Oven, Refrigerator, Single Wall Oven
Attic Full, Hatch
Basement Finished Area, Full, Rec Room
Condition Excellent
Cooling Type Central Air
Exterior Stone, Vinyl
Exterior Features Fenced Yard, Garden, Lighting, Patio, Pool In Ground, Porch, Privacy Fence, Shed, Sprinkler In Ground
Garage Description Attached
General Taxes Description Estimated
Heat Fuel Natural Gas
Heat System Hot Air
HOA Includes Other
Homeowner's Association Yes
Interior Features Cable Hook Up, Garage Door Opener, Generator, Gran Solid Surf Counters, High Speed Internet Acc, Humidifier, Paddle Fan, Sump Pump, Water Softener
Lot Description Corner, Landscaped
Master Bedroom First Floor, Second Floor, Suite
Other General Taxes - 1593, Model - Colonial, Possession - Transfer of Title, School Taxes - 5759, Tax Id Section - 217, Tax Identification Block - 1, Tax Identification Lot - 14
Roof Asphalt Shingle
School Taxes Description Estimated
Sewer Public
Sign Yes
Survey Yes
Total Taxes Description Estimated
Water Public
Bathroom 2 Upper Level
Bathroom 3 Upper Level
Bedroom 2 Upper Level
Bedroom 3 Upper Level
Bedroom 4 Upper Level
Bathroom Main Level
Bathroom 1 Main Level
Bedroom 1 Main Level
Dining Room Main Level
Kitchen Main Level
Living Room Main Level
Bathroom 4 Lower Level
Family Room Basement
office/den Basement
Listed by Carol Raike of Coldwell Banker Prime Properties 518-587-3400


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I'm really thankful I don't live in New Yawk where Bloomberg wants to control every aspect of life. If he doesn't like people having guns, then he should take the appropriate steps set forth in The Constitution and have the 2nd Amendment Repealed. In the meantime, he and his lib buddies can STFU!
I live in NYC and I can't wait till the silly whiny MF (also known as His nanniness) gets out of office. But what will we wind up with. CHRISTINE -—FISH MOUTH— QUINN. Ourr own Rosie O'Donnell


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"HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS in uncomplicated enlargement of the elderly Prostate.
Dr. Farrington"
Home PHILOSOPHY Clinical Tips Prostate enlargement
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How to book a Hotel in Cologny: Travelbru.com
Find the best Hotel Deals in Cologny from one search!
There are many challenges when searching for the best Hotel Deals in Cologny online, but now that you have found TravelBru.com your search for a hotel deal comparison in Cologny will be over. The reason that Travelbru.com is extremely useful is that is prevents you from having to go to each individual hotel booking website. Travelbru.com offers hotel rooms available in Cologny and automatically compares the pricing of leading hotel booking websites - this allows you to quickly find the best pricing and hotel deals available. Usually you would need to search for websites that offer hotel rooms in Cologny and write down or keep track of each of the various prices on offer. Travelbru.com helps you avoid this step entirely by searching through multiple local and global Cologny hotel accommodation booking websites simultaneously. Travelbru.com then speedily outputs the available hotel rooms in Cologny utilizing all hotel booking website databases. You can then easily browse through and stipulate your requirements, comparing deals by: price, ratings, stars, location, and more (see below). Once you have found the hotel deal in Cologny that best suits your budget and detailed requirements, you simply click on the hotel booking website that has the best hotel deal in Cologny and book directly with them, avoiding any commission or markup on your hotel room in Cologny!
Hotel Listing Features:
Easily refine the Cologny Hotel Deals to suite your budget by price and features!
Once you have completed your search for a Cologny Hotel, Travelbru.com will list all the available Hotel Deals available in Cologny. This can be a lot of information to look through but TravelBru have taken care of that by making it possible to simply refine your search and find the Cologny Hotel accommodation to suite your budget. The following will help you simplify and refine your Cologny Hotel search!
Hotel Booking Details:
Information required for Cologny Hotel bookings.
Enter or change your Cologny hotels booking details at any stage. The information required includes, the city you are staying in ie. Cologny, the number of rooms you require for your Cologny hotel reservation. You also need to provide details on the number of guests/hotel rooms and include your checkin and checkout dates for your hotel reservation in Cologny.
Hotel Location:
Where to stay in Cologny?
Use the location tool to view a list of popular areas in which you might want to book your Cologny Hotel. A Google map of Cologny that displays our other available Cologny hotels can also be used to find hotels in Cologny. There is even a distance tool that can give you a list of Cologny hotels in relation to the Cologny CBD and other areas, nearby, that you may want to stay. This is extremely useful especially if you need to find a Hotel in Cologny City Center or a hotel near Cologny, but not in the City Centre. If available, our hotel search will even list hotels in nearby cities to Cologny should you need to book a hotel nearby Cologny at a later stage.
Hotel Price:
Find the best deals or the most luxurious hotels in Cologny:
We offer a range of prices for our hotels in Cologny. We understand that many people would like to get the best price for hotels in Cologny, but also that there are travelers that are after luxury hotels in Cologny! Therefore, you are able to sort your search for Cologny hotels by price. By simply clicking the budget Cologny hotels link, your search will be refined to the more affordable hotels in Cologny, and by clicking the luxury Cologny hotels button your search will display the more expensive hotels that are available in the city of Cologny. Our Cologny hotel search can also be updated to give you the price in various currencies that include: Australian Dollars, Canadian Dollars, Swiss Francs, Danish Kroner, British Pounds, Hong Kong Dollars, Japanese Yen, Norwegian Kroner, New Zealand Dollars, Swedish Kronas, Singapore Dollars, U.S. Dollars, and South African Rand. A slider bar with minimum and maximum prices can be used to define a budget for your Cologny hotel booking. You can quickly list the cheapest hotels in Cologny or the most exclusive hotels in Cologny and select your hotel accordingly.
Hotel Features:
Sort your Cologny Hotels by available features, Hotel brand or property type.
When booking a hotel in Cologny, you may have certain requirements. Our hotel search can easily help you find the hotel features and specifications that you require. If you have had a pleasant stay at a particular brand of hotel or hotel chain in the past then you can quickly search to see if that hotel brand has a hotel available in Cologny for you to stay in. You can also list the type of accommodation in Cologny that you would like to book, so instead of a hotel booking, you may also want to book a Bed and Breakfast in Cologny, Apartment in Cologny, Hostel in Cologny, Inn in Cologny or Vacation Rental in Cologny. You will also be able to sort the search results by stars that include: 5 star hotels in Cologny, 4 start hotels in Cologny, 3 star hotels in Cologny, 2 star hotels in Cologny, 1 star hotel in Cologny. Other features that you can use to choose a hotel booking in Cologny include: 24 Hour Reception, Airport shuttle, Business Center, Concierge, Disabled Access, Fitness Room / Gym, Golf Course, High-speed Internet, Kitchenette, Massage / Beauty Centre, Non-Smoking Rooms, Parking, Pet Friendly, Restaurant, Room Service, Swimming pool. Another feature is that you can sort the Cologny hotels by popularity based on guest ratings or you can arrange them by hotel name alphabetically!
Hotel Listing information:
Quick list of Cologny Hotel features:
Included in each listing of hotels in Cologny is the name of the hotel, the address of the hotel in Cologny and the proximity to the city centre of Cologny in kilometers, the price, the star rating, the guest rating, the popularity of the hotel, a small picture of the hotel, a map displaying the location of the Cologny Hotel, hotel features drop down list, the number of reviews the Cologny Hotel has received and a button the look at more photos.
Hotels in Cologny Full Details:
Click on a hotel for more details.
If you are looking for more information on the Cologny hotel than is listed on the Cologny hotels results page, then click on the �select� button and you will be taken to a page that has more details on the hotel in Cologny that you are interested in. This information that you can find on the hotel in Cologny will include a more detailed overview of the hotel including the current guest rating and the amount of reviews the hotel in Cologny has received. You can also look at all the amenities the hotel has on offer and view additional photos of the Cologny hotel. The Google map will give you a good idea of the location of the hotel in Cologny and also indicate points of interest / tourist attractions nearby the hotel.
Book a Cologny Hotel:
Click on a Hotel for more details.
When you click on a listings �select� button, a list of hotel booking sites will appear that have available rooms in the hotel in Cologny that you are most interested in. The list will display the prices of the rooms and the type of hotel rooms that they have available. Have a good look at each available hotel booking websites hotel room deals. Compare the hotel deals that are available and select the hotel room deal in Cologny that suites you the most. Once you click on the Select button you will be transferred away from Travelbru.com to the hotel booking website where you can then book your Cologny hotel online direct!


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Can Facial Massage Prevent Wrinkles?
In many ways…yes it can! Good news, right?
Facial massage is one of the best ways to increase blood flow and communication between the epidermis and dermis of the skin. This allows for the exchange of nutrients and proper elimination of waste and toxins via lymph nodes and blood. Vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins and antioxidants are all needed to repair and replenish the collagen / elastin fiber network in the skin. These key nutrients are also required for healthy cell metabolism (the sloughing off of dead skin cells and production of new skin cells.) Antioxidants in particular, are needed to protect the skin from harmful UV overexposure and fats are helpful in keeping skin cells plump and moist, preventing dehydration. Just as important is the elimination of excess waste proteins and toxins. A build-up of wastes or toxins can lead to congestion and breakouts, inflammation, puffiness, even hyperpigmentation.
Upon waking in the morning, skin often feels a bit pale and puffy. This is due to a reduction in circulation during sleep, which lowers the blood flow to the face. Facial massage is a wonderful way to get the blood flowing again and to achieve a healthy glow. Massage will decrease puffiness and bring a healthy glow to the skin. Dark under-eye circles are also a symptom of poor circulation and can be improved with gentle massage as well.
Massage also not only relaxes the mind and body, but it releases powerful endorphins that help the body cope with stress and keep free radical overproduction to a minimum. Endorphins are "feel good hormones" naturally produced in the body, but often triggered by positive thoughts and feelings like happiness, excitement joy and love. Relaxation massage increases endorphins in the body.
Regular facial massages also work to tighten and lift the facial muscles, giving the skin a more youthful appearance. When you massage the muscles, you stimulate their growth by nourishing them through increases circulation. When your facial muscles are healthy and strong, they are better equipped to hold skin taught and fight the pull of gravity that can causes aging.
Every facial treatment at bien-etre skincare studio includes a facial massage customized with pressure points, lymphatic drainage, stone therapy, or scalp massage to encourage optimal skin health. Book your next treatment now!


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Blog Archives
5 Services For Building Websites on a Budget
There's little doubt that a custom-designed and developed website is ideal for business. A trained professional can help you optimize your site for good search engine rankings, custom-tailor the look and feel to appeal to your target audience, reinforce your company's image and ensure that your content is easily accessible and the user experience enjoyable. However, large web-development budgets often just aren't possible, particularly for small businesses or entrepreneurs who are just getting started. In these cases, a number of web services exist to allow you to grow your company's presence online, often in just minutes. We'll take a look at five of them below. Read the rest of this entry


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HK 48Hr Service Jam 2012
YES Network x HASSEL
Event Details
What is HK 48Hr Service Jam 2012??
The first in Hong Kong cooperative gathering of people to use creativity and collective intelligence to create service innovations.
Global Service Jam 2012 from Service Jam Berlin 2012 on Vimeo.
Why HK 48Hr Service Jam 2012??
Learn what design thinking means in action by playing with ideas, insights, and creative flashes.
Have fun in bouncing thoughts from one to another by JAMMING.
They will be students designers. customers, professionals business
people, authors, mums and everything in between working together to think and accomplish in teams.
Join this diverse group of people to design a brand new service and present it to the rest of the world!
You Will…
1) Become a service designer in 48 hours to design a brighter future for Hong Kong.
2) Jam live with 50 locations globally
3) Network and create a service plan with some of the world's most passionate and talented people in the world
4) Learn Innovation, Design based approach to problem solve
5) Create the next BIG service idea with your multi-disciplinary team
6) 48 hrs of intense Jamming FUN!!
Take part in the Global Service Jam in Hong Kong and build something which none of you could have built alone.
Join Us Now, 48 hours of idea, energy and fun!!!
Jamming fees
Students payment - 100HKD
Professional payment - 200HKD
For any further inquiries, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com
Program Details
24th Feb
|Pre Jam Workshop
|Arrival & Registration
|Opening Ceremony
|Introduction to HK 48Hr Service Jam 2012
|Keynote Speakers Series- Innovative Design Thinking Process
By Mr. Christopher Mok – Founder of Spectrum Design & Associates (Asia)
- Community Inspired Innovations
By Scott Frank – Founder of One Earth Designs
|Theme Announcement
|Grouping and Design Process Training
25th Feb
|Intensive Jamming Day 1
|- What is Service Design?
By Ms. Rachel Chan – Founder of Innofoco Design Consultancy
|Concept Thinking / Problem finding (with consultation)
|Concept Review
|Fun Break
|Keynote Speakers Series
- Innovation Technology to Daily Life
By Mr. Ken Chan – Senior Architect of Hassell
|Concept / design development (with consultation)
|Presentation & Publication
26th Feb
|Intensive Jamming Day 2
|Keynote Speakers Series-Philo Alto
|Final Design (with consultation)
|Publication to GSJ website
|Fun Break
|Final Presentation & Exhibition
|Judging Session & Public Voting
|Conclusion on Design Thinking / Process and Innovation
|Prize Presentation
|Closing Ceremony & Networking
Flag Out Creativity Centre | 飛遨藝展
Flag Out Creativity Centre 1/F,Grand Business Plaza, 153 Wai Yip St.,Kwun Tong,Kowloon
Hong Kong
YES Network x HASSEL
Young Entrepreneurs for Society Network (YES Network) is a joint-university platform aiming at nurturing long term social enterprise projects and young social entrepreneurs. YES Network links up inspired students with social enterprise resources and experts, and is an open community for all students to join.
HASSELL is an international design practice with 14 studios in Australia, China, South East Asia and the United Kingdom. With more than 900 people and a track record spanning 70 years, we work globally across a diverse range of markets.


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Hi experts,
We have a customer with this critical issue on Production enviroment, that is using WCC Records integrated with SES, and they also added OAM for the SSO layer. They reported the SES and Records integration was behaving as expected before OAM, but when it was added the document indexing was happening, but the search results wasn't appearing.
They also reported that no error is showed, so it made us think that for some reason the authentication/authorization was lost, and the results are not being shown because the solution erroneous understands that the user does not have the correct privileges.
Anyone has any idea or suggestion about the cause of this behavior?
Any help or knowledge is appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Best Regards


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APOSS Inter Results 2017: Andhra Pradesh Open School Society Intermediate Results 2017: AP Open School Intermediate Students, we have latest News and update of Andhra Pradesh Open School Society Education Results. The APOSS will declare the Andhra Pradesh Open School Inter Results 2017 very Soon. A large number of candidates appear for the AP Open School Society Intermediate examination which was conducted in March and April month 2017 by the APOSS Board. Now all students are waiting for Andhra Pradesh Open School Inter 1st Year and 2nd Year Results 2017, so the result is likely to be announced in May 2017 expected as per the previous year. APOSS ( AP Open School Society) will declare the APOSS Intermediate 1st Year Results 2017 and APOSS Intermediate 2nd Year Results 2017 on its official home website that is www.apopenschool.org. So keep regularly visit here for more information related to APOSS 2017 Examination.
APOSS Inter 1st Year & 2nd Year Results 2017: Every year it conducts the two examination that is first regular exam and another supply exam. Firstly it provides APOSS Inter time table for regular and after result announced then APOSS would provide supplementary time table and this compartmental/supplementary results announced in October or November. This result is announced by official website and some another official portal website also that is you search for APOSS Inter Results 2017 By Manabadi, School9, Bharath Student, Eenadu, Sakshi Education, etc. After result announced you check your results as name wise, school wise, subject wise, district wise and roll wise and check your result through via SMS, email, and mobile phone if available on official site.
Andhra Pradesh APOSS Inter Result 2017 – APOSS Intermediate:
- Name of Authority Conducting Exam: Andhra Pradesh Open School Society Education
- Name of Exam: APOSS Intermediate Exam 2017
- Exam Dates: 20th September To 03rd October 2017
- APOSS 2017 Intermediate Result Release Date: December 2017
- APOSS Inter Supply 2017 Result Release Date: September
- Results & Marks Sheet/Certificate Download Date: December 2017
- Official website(s) for the Results & other information: apopenschool.org
The Andhra Pradesh Open School Society (APOSS) announces the Andhra Pradesh APOSS Inter Result 2017 every year. The Andhra Inter Results comprises of two main results which are the APOSS Inter First Year (1st Year) Results 2017, also known as the APOSS Inter Junior Results and APOSS Inter Second Year (2nd Year) Results 2017, also known as the APOSS Inter Senior Results. After the declaration of result then check your APOSS Inter pass percentage analysis and download marks sheet nothing but memo (memorandum), merit list, toppers list, highest score list, etc. For checking result, you entered your registration number to get the final marks scored in the Andhra Pradesh Open School Board Intermediate Results 2017 on its official website that apopenschool.org.
How to Check Andhra Pradesh Open School Inter Results 2017:
- To check the APOSS Inter Results, the candidates shall visit the official website of APOSS 12th Results 2017 or links to be updated later
- Now go the page by exploring which gives you the results
- If results are available to check through online entry portal check it or if available to download in PDF than move with that
- Now enter the required details to proceed further checking results
- Now Submit the information entered and check your results
- Take print out if you want to you can also take snapshot or screenshot.


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1. Re: What is FE for mvc architectureTPD-Opitz Aug 30, 2013 8:33 AM (in response to 1033862)
I'm not sure what you mean by "learning fron-end for MVC".
MVC is a Pattern how you should organize your code. Learning the MVC-Pattern means to understand what it is about and that should'nt take much more than an hour.
The tricky part ist to follow it with your actual programming, to identify which part of your code belongs to which component in the MVC-pattern and to put it at the right place. And this is not about learning but about awareness and discipline. While awareness can be improved by training discipline is a mind setting you should already have...
So my suggestion is to work through some tutorials on MVC.
Then create some simple sample applications and have them reviewed by some experienced Developers.
2. Re: What is FE for mvc architecture1033862 Aug 30, 2013 11:06 AM (in response to TPD-Opitz)
Thanks for sharing information.
Suppose, i want to develope Web application which take input employee activity between job timing from 9 to 6.
Example of fields.
Project, Assignem, From Hours, to Hours
Now, to develop application which is the best web fron-end like php, eclips et, which help me in learning maimum funtionality of java with mvc & BC4J.
3. Re: What is FE for mvc architecture939520 Aug 30, 2013 4:39 PM (in response to 1033862)
I think its generally recommended you use JSF for new web applications.
Below is a link to JEE7 which provides a lot of details on recommended (new) web application development.
At the link, you can download the pdf version of the document. Note its 942 pages long.
If you plan on using JSF, you may consider buying a book on JSF (along with books on other technologies),
reading it cover to cover, and working through the book's examples rather than going through it in the pdf file.
Search amazon.com for books with good reviews on JSF. The pdf file doesn't outright mention
MVC but I'm sure the web applications it mentions follow MVC design pattern. Note programmers use many
other technologies than that in the pdf file (Spring framework, JSP, etc). There is no one approach that everyone uses.
Considering your current experience level, I suggest you use JSF with JDBC (and not JPA or Hibernate), and keep away
from web services and EJB for now.
Forgot to mention, you need a database such as Oracle Express (its free).
Choice of IDEs is typically Netbeans or Eclipse. Note Netbeans has wizards to allow you to setup a basic JSF configuration
web application (among other wizards).


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Glasgow airspace change
The introduction of the interim arrangements is in accordance with Civil Aviation Publication (CAP) 724 The Airspace Charter, which reserves the right of the CAA to implement a 'Fast Track' process that is reserved specifically for use where a clear and present threat to public safety is identified.
Under the interim arrangements there will be no changes to the current lateral limits as described in the UK AIP at EGPF AD 2.17 ATS AIRSPACE (page AD 2-EGPF-1 - 5) and depicted at page AD 2-EGPF-4-1. However, the CTA base will rise from 2500ft amsl to 3000ft amsl. Published arrival, instrument approach and instrument departure procedures serving Glasgow Airport will remain unchanged.
Pilots should note that the interim arrangements will not be reflected in the AIP or aeronautical charts.
As a parallel development, the CAA will continue to rigorously assess an airspace change proposal submitted by NATS Glasgow on 29 July 2011 and developed in accordance with the requirements of the Airspace Change Process. Subsequent changes arising from the proposals will be announced in due course.


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Udupi: A house located near Ashrita College and belonging to Ramachandra Kamath who is into transport business in Chitrapadi, was broken into by thieves on Friday night.
The family members were away on a pilgrimage visit to Tirupati. Kamath's sister-in-law's daughter Ranjita, who lives with them, being all alone at home, went to stay that night with her grandmother living nearby.
When she came home to collect a book early Saturday morning, she found that the door of the house had been broken open. The details of things stolen could not be ascertained without the owners being around.
The police were informed as also Kamath who was in Tirupati. He immediately returned home to check the nature of loss. He noticed that about 24 sovereign gold ornaments of value of Rs 4 lakh and Rs 25,000 in cash.
The ornaments include a Lakshmi pendant, a gold coin issued by the Vysya Bank, a pearl necklace, a pair of bangles studded with pearls, plain gold bangles, gold earrings, ring and the like.
The Kota police are pursuing the case.


text: Writing a resume can be tricky because it's a paper that will speak for you and represent you, in the hope of landing a job. Not only does your resume have to be fully representative of your capabilities but it also needs to stand out for you in the competitive market. No matter how qualified you are or how vast your experience is, if your resume does not portray it, it's hard to say how long it will take you to continue the job hunting. In an earlier post,we discussed how to a write a resume so it is a call to impress the employers, and gets you a ring back for a job interview. Today we shall discuss what exactly should be written in a resume and how it should be drafted. While there is no such thing as a 'perfect resume', here's how you can make your resume more likely to land you an interview call.


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Share the TreadRight Ambassador video to your social media channels using this link: https://youtu.be/-sS5yeupYSE
A leading environmentalist, adventurer and explorer, Céline Cousteau truly embodies the TreadRight philosophy. As a documentary filmmaker and gifted storyteller, Céline has travelled the world working to help amplify the voices of the amazing individuals who are working to protect ecosystems, wildlife, and people.
Céline's life of global travel has seen her embark on expeditions to track the grey whale migration from Mexico to Alaska, research shark species in Australia's Great Barrier Reef, and bring the stories of the Amazon Rainforest's indigenous cultures to our backyards. She has an incredible understanding and deep appreciation for the symbiotic relationship between travel and how that helps one to develop a true appreciation and respect for the planet.
Céline Cousteau is founder and executive director of CauseCentric Productions, creating cause focused multi-media content. Extending this expertise, Céline founded and is president of The Céline Cousteau Film Fellowship launched in 2015 - a nonprofit program whose mission is to empower young aspiring filmmakers, creatives, and activists to inspire change through filmmaking. Céline is a passionate spokesperson for sustainability.
As the daughter of ocean explorer and filmmaker Jean-Michel Cousteau and granddaughter of the legendary Jacques Yves Cousteau, Céline also has a profound understanding of the importance of legacy and the necessity to experience the world in a way that ensures future generations will have the opportunity to do the same.
Céline and TreadRight will work together to tell the story of TreadRight and our inspiring project partners around the world. Focusing on our Wildlife Initiative and Heritage Initiative, Céline helps us to bring these messages to our audiences, communicating the necessity of stopping wildlife crime and the intrinsic value of empowering local artisans.
Explore and discover with us as we bring these stories to you!


text: A Niche Based Genetic Algorithm for Image RegistrationGiuseppe Pascale, Luigi TroianoICEIS2007Image registration aims to find the unknown set of transformations able to reduce two or more images to a common reference frame. Image registration can be regarded as an optimization problem, where the goal is to maximize a measure of image similarity. The measure of similarity on the overall image can be computationally expensive, leading to measure the… (More)


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|Haier is usually not considered to be in the league of major players, it has surprised us by introducing an extremely well made smart phone. The Haier N60 is a linux smartphone and one of the first to be available in the market. Drawbacks include the absence of WI-Fi as well as bluetooth, but one cannot complain when faced with a gorgeous 320 x 240 touch screen display (262,000 colors). In any case, Wi-FI access can be made available by means of adding the respective card in the SD card slot. But no bluetooth? You have to be kidding. No wonder Haier has not reached the big league yet. However the N60 is simply stunning to look at. The device is powered by a 312 Mhz processor.
The handset has about 60 MBs of memory which may seem less if one takes into consideration that the smartphone can store and view / play a large number of file formats. It has a MP3 and MPEG player as well as video recorder (which records in MPEG). The camera is a 1.3 megapixel resolution one. The tri-band Haier N60 has a weight of 131 grams.
The handset seems destined for something big, its a pity that Haier thought it prudent to go on without Bluetooth.


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Cardio Fitness Buying Guide
Cardio Fitness 101
Types of Cardio Machines
Rowing Machines
Elliptical Machines
Cross Trainers
Exercise Bikes
Cardio Equipment Buying Tips:
• Pick a model with the features you think you'll use the most
• If you have problem joints or chronic pain, consider lower impact equipment such as elliptical trainers
• Let your fitness goals help guide your equipment decisions
Key Benefits of Cardio Fitness
Heart Health +
Twenty-nine percent of all deaths in Canada are caused by cardiovascular disease. By doing cardiovascular exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, you'll reduce your risk of heart disease, lower cholesterol levels, and help your heart. Remember, your heart is a muscle, and all muscles need exercise.
Increased Metabolism +
Cardio workouts increase not just your heart rate but also your metabolism. This means you will burn calories faster and your weight will be easier to manage over time.
Weight Management +
As you exercise more, you create more muscle mass, which displaces the stored fat in your body. With more muscle mass to contend with, your body has to burn a greater amount of energy simply to maintain itself. This coupled with an increased metabolism will help you lose weight and keep it off.
Energy and Stamina +
When starting a new exercise regime, you'll feel slightly tired after your first few workouts. This fatigue is normal as your circulatory system, respiratory system and affected muscles must adjust to the new demands being put on them. As your body gets more efficient at processing oxygen and delivering it to your muscles, your exercise stamina will improve, and you'll have more energy throughout the day.
Mental Health +
Exercise increases the supply of oxygen and nutrients in your blood. This provides benefits not just to your muscles but also to your brain, allowing it to perform more efficiently. You should notice a variety of cognitive improvements, including better memory, problem solving and decision making.
Emotional Health +
Exercise also increases your bloodstream's levels of important chemicals such as norepinephrine that are associated with good emotional health. Through regular exercise, you'll help your body deal more effectively with stress-related issues, including anxiety, poor self-confidence, addiction and inability to relax. So get sweaty and get happy!
Shop Accessories & Related Products:
Cardio Equipment Safety Tips:
• Give yourself enough headroom to use the equipment freely without crouching or worry of injury
• Keep yourself hydrated while working out
• Stop immediately if you feel dizzy or nauseous
• Remember to take time to cool down and stretch after every workout
Featured Products
Recommended Reading
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technology, using it in emerging economies with
large rural markets.
In addition, global companies can tap innovative technologies through coinnovation initiatives
in emerging markets. For instance, the enterprise
application software company SAP SE, based in
Walldorf, Germany, has coinnovation labs in China
and India (as well as a number of other locations
around the world) through which it works with
local partners. Although this program is not specific to startups, some of the partners are smaller,
entrepreneurial companies.
SAP employees who work at the coinnovation
labs grow their innovative skill sets. SAP, in turn,
gains the ability to transfer that know-how across
geographical borders when the employees move on
to other positions and opportunities. For example,
an SAP manager who had moved from Shanghai to
Johannesburg, South Africa, which at the time did
not have an SAP coinnovation lab, championed the
creation of one there.
It is also important that Western multinationals recognize differences among emerging markets. While
numerous differences exist, we found three that matter
particularly in relation to multinationals' engagement
with local startups: priorities, restrictions, and scale.
Priorities Different emerging markets have distinct national priorities that affect multinationals'
strategies. For example, in China, an explicitly
stated high-priority policy agenda item is to promote mass entrepreneurship. This has meant that
startup engagement is an obvious area of focus for
Western multinationals — above and beyond their
own individual rationales for the partnerships.
In South Africa, an important priority is black em-powerment, to redress social injustices historicallyfaced by nonwhite communities. This can lead to in-novative startup engagement programs. For instance,Microsoft South Africa launched a program for asmall number of software startups that qualify interms of black-ownership criteria and high innova-tion potential. These companies receive a deepmentoring experience, with the goal of enabling themto become "global technology companies by 2018." 18
Restrictions Emerging markets vary in the restrictions
they impose on corporations in general and foreign
multinationals in particular. For instance, China is
highly regulated in ways that force foreign multinationals to face certain technological restrictions. One
consequence is that certain global companies, such as
Google, elect to disengage, while others end up partnering with local companies. Another consequence is the
rise of domestic corporations that dominate the local
market and pose stiff competition to would-be foreign
entrants; that is the case with the so-called BAT triumvirate (Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent) of Chinese
e-commerce. Despite China's restrictions, the vast majority of technology-based Western multinationals
seem keen to align with Chinese governmental priorities and to engage with startups. The reason for this
relates to the third point of difference among emerging
market economies: scale.
Scale An important area of difference across emerging markets relates to scale — of economic activity in
general and entrepreneurship in particular. China and
India have a critical mass of startups and associated actors such as venture capitalists. Countries like South
Africa do not. Reflecting this, the Western multinational subsidiaries we came across in China and India
appeared to have greater autonomy than their South
African counterparts and could more readily attract
the attention of headquarters. China, in comparison
with India, operates on an even larger scale in terms of
economic activity and the technological sophistication
Click to subscribe to this magazine


text:
Expert Reviewed
wikiHow to Prevent Skin Problems in Guinea Pigs
Three Methods:Managing Your Guinea Pig's CageExamining Your Guinea PigUsing Other Prevention StrategiesCommunity Q&A
Guinea pigs are fun animals to keep as pets. Like other pets, though, they can develop health problems. Guinea pigs can get different types of skin problems, which can be caused by skin parasites (lice, mites), fungus, or fighting between cage mates.[1] Skin problems can make a guinea pig feel very itchy and uncomfortable, so it is important to prevent the problems from happening in the first place. To prevent skin problems in your guinea pig, keep its cage clean, examine its skin, and try using other prevention strategies.
Managing Your Guinea Pig's Cage
1Keep your guinea pig in a smooth-bottomed cage. Guinea pigs can develop a skin problem called bumblefoot. Bumblefoot occurs when the skin on the bottom of a guinea pig's feet gets scratched and develops open wounds. Bacteria can enter the wounds and cause infections. A smooth-bottomed cage will help protect your guinea pig's feet and prevent bumblefoot.[2]
- If your guinea pig's current cage has a wire mesh bottom, and replacing the cage isn't an option, cover the cage bottom with a lot of soft bedding.
2Use soft bedding in the cage. Soft bedding will protect your guinea pig's feet and help prevent bumblefoot. Examples of soft bedding are Yesterday's News (shredded recycled newspaper) and CareFRESH®.[3]
3Clean your guinea pig's cage. A dirty cage can increase the chances of skin problems for a guinea pig. Keeping your guinea pig's cage clean will help prevent skin problems and keep your guinea pig healthy overall. Below are some cleaning tips:
- Change the cage bedding each day.[6] Leave a little bit of the old bedding in the cage so your guinea pig has something with its scent on it in the cage.[7]
- Clean the whole cage at least once a week. Cleaning the whole cage involves washing the cage, food bowl, water bottle, and plastic toys with soap and warm water.
- Put your guinea pig in a separate cage while cleaning the dirty cage.
- Wait until the cleaned cage is completely dry before putting everything back in the cage.
4Don't let your guinea pig's cage get humid. In the wild, guinea pigs live in a dry climate. Unfortunately, a cage environment can get humid. This extra humidity increases the risk of skin problems in guinea pigs.[8] To prevent humidity, make sure the cage gets plenty of air circulation. Wire cages have good air circulation.
- If your guinea pig is in a glass aquarium, use a wire mesh cage top. This type of top will allow for good air circulation.
- Regularly cleaning the cage will also help lessen cage humidity.
Examining Your Guinea Pig
1Check your guinea pig's skin frequently. Keeping a close eye on your guinea pig's skin will help you see when the skin is healthy and when there might be a problem. When your guinea pig's skin is healthy, it will look smooth and pink. With a skin problem, the skin will have lumps, scabs, dandruff (white flakes), or hair loss.[9]
- Examine your guinea pig's skin when you hold it. Guinea pigs like to groom themselves and their cage mates, so your guinea pig won't mind you looking at its skin.
- If your guinea pig's skin looks abnormal, take it to your vet for treatment. Your vet will be able to diagnose and treat the skin problem.
2Have your vet trim your guinea pig's nails. Long nails can curve under a guinea pig's feet and damage the skin, causing bumblefoot. To prevent bumblefoot due to long nails, have your vet trim your guinea pig's nails. Your vet can let you know how often your guinea pig will need nail trims.
- You could also trim your guinea pig's nails yourself. However, if you are not comfortable doing this, or your guinea pig is really squirmy, have your vet trim the nails.
3Look for hair chewing behavior. Sometimes, guinea pigs will engage in a behavior called barbering, which is chewing the hair. Guinea pigs will do this to themselves or other guinea pigs. Barbering leads to hair loss. If you see barbering behavior between multiple guinea pigs, put them in separate cages.[10]
- If your guinea pig is barbering itself, this may signal stress.
4Take your guinea pig for regular vet exams. Regular vet exams can help prevent skin problems and keep your guinea pig healthy overall. Take your guinea pig to your vet once or twice a year for a health checkup.[11]
Using Other Prevention Strategies
1Add vitamin C to your guinea pig's diet. Vitamin C is a very important nutrient for guinea pigs. Without enough vitamin C, guinea pigs can develop skin problems. Because guinea pigs cannot make their own vitamin C, they must get it from their diet.[12] Feed your guinea pig vitamin C-rich foods, like vitamin C-fortified guinea pig pellets and leafy greens (spinach, romaine lettuce, parsley).[13]
- After about three months of storage, guinea pig pellets start losing their vitamin C. To make sure your guinea pig gets enough vitamin C, consider giving it a vitamin C supplement.[14]
- Talk with your vet before giving your guinea pig a vitamin C supplement.
2Feed your guinea pig hay. Not only is hay very healthy for a guinea pig, it can help prevent barbering.[15] If your guinea pig is chewing its own hair, feeding it hay will give it something else to chew on.[16] This will prevent further barbering.
- If you have multiple guinea pigs in one cage, placing hay in the cage may prevent barbering. If it doesn't, then separating the fighting guinea pigs will be the best way to stop the barbering.
3Minimize your guinea pig's stress. Keeping your guinea pig stress-free will help prevent skin problems.[17] One way to minimize stress is to avoid overcrowding your guinea pig's cage. The website http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/guinea_pigs/tips/guinea_pig_housing.html has guidelines to help you determine how many guinea pigs can fit comfortably in a cage, according to cage size.
- You can also minimize stress by giving your guinea pig plenty of toys. Guinea pigs like cardboard toys, like empty toilet paper or paper towel rolls.
- Guinea pigs like routine. To keep your guinea pig from feeling stressed, keep its daily routine as steady as possible.[18] For example, keep its diet the same and handle it at about the same time each day.
Community Q&A
- The first sign of skin problems in guinea pigs is usually hair loss.[19]
- Sometimes, skin parasites like lice and fleas can be large enough to see on a guinea pig's skin. Lice will look like little white specks moving through the fur.[20] Rather than seeing the actual flea, you might see little dark granules, known as 'flea dirt.'
- If your guinea pig develops skin problems, take it to your vet for treatment.
- Some guinea pig skin problems, like lice and mites, can be very difficult to get rid of. In a cage with multiple guinea pigs, the lice and mites can repeatedly pass from one guinea pig to the next.[21]
- Ringworm can spread from guinea pigs to humans.[22] If you notice signs of ringworm on you, go to your doctor for treatment.
Sources and Citations
- ↑ http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/guinea_pigs/disorders_and_diseases_of_guinea_pigs.html
- ↑ http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/guinea_pigs/disorders_and_diseases_of_guinea_pigs.html
- ↑ https://guineapigcages.com/bedding.htm
- ↑ http://www.guinealynx.info/bedding_avoid.html
- ↑ http://petguineapigcare.com/cage-habitat/
- ↑ http://www.acbaonline.com/articles/Fungal%20Skin%20Disease%20in%20Guinea%20Pigs.pdf
- ↑ https://www.rspca.org.uk/ImageLocator/LocateAsset?asset=document&assetId=1232738095738&mode=prd
- ↑ http://www.netvet.co.uk/guinea%20pigs/skin-and-coat/skin-problems.htm
- ↑ http://www.guinealynx.info/normal.html#skin
- ↑ http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/guinea_pigs/disorders_and_diseases_of_guinea_pigs.html#v3227477
- ↑ http://www.acbaonline.com/articles/Fungal%20Skin%20Disease%20in%20Guinea%20Pigs.pdf
- ↑ http://www.acbaonline.com/articles/Fungal%20Skin%20Disease%20in%20Guinea%20Pigs.pdf
- ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/guinea_pigs/tips/guinea_pig_food_choices.html
- ↑ http://www.2ndchance.info/guineapigcare.htm
- ↑ http://www.vetzone.com.au/PocketPets/Articles/Article/tabid/1966/ArticleID/2077/Skin-Problems-in-Guinea-Pigs.aspx#.V_P30yQ1P3F
- ↑ http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/guinea-pigs-problems/1070
- ↑ http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/guinea_pigs/disorders_and_diseases_of_guinea_pigs.html#v3227477
- ↑ http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=18+1800&aid=1631
- ↑ http://www.merckvetmanual.com/pethealth/exotic_pets/guinea_pigs/disorders_and_diseases_of_guinea_pigs.html#v3227477
- ↑ http://www.guinealynx.info/lice.html
- ↑ http://www.netvet.co.uk/guinea%20pigs/skin-and-coat/skin-problems.htm
- ↑ http://www.acbaonline.com/articles/Fungal%20Skin%20Disease%20in%20Guinea%20Pigs.pdf
Article Info
Categories: Guinea Pig Health
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 698 times.


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Photo of the week
Thursday, Oct. 20, 2016
Former Alberta premier, Jim Prentice, 60, was killed in a plane crash on Oct. 13 shortly after it took off from Kelowna airport in B.C.
Mr. Prentice was a father and grandfather, and was a federal cabinet minister in various portfolios while serving as a Conservative MP for for Calgary Centre-North. A state memorial is planned for Oct. 28 in Calgary at 11 a.m. (local time). Three others were killed in the crash: Jim Kruk, the pilot; former Calgary businessman, Sheldon Reid; and Dr. Ken Gellatly, who worked as an optometrist. The Hill Times photograph by Jake Wright


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Its Karens turn over on Dotties World, she always has brilliant sketch ideas,this is my take on her sketch.The stripy cat is from 'The Cat collection' download bundle & I used goodies out of Crafty Templates June Kit (hit the subscription button on the right for details)for this one as they blend soo well together,chocolate and creams!!
Sunday, 29 June 2008
Challenge Card for Dotties World
Posted by Nicola J at Sunday, June 29, 2008
Labels: Challenge card Dotties World
4 comments:
- Jules said...
Great card, I love your take on the sketch :-)
i shall try to fit the challenge in this week.
Jules x
- 29 June 2008 at 14:12
- pinkpuppy said...
That is a great card!
- 29 June 2008 at 19:42
- caroline said...
Love the card, colours are great. I have tagged you on my blog Nicola! Caroline X(cupcakedaft)
- 30 June 2008 at 10:21
- Louly said...
This card is so gorgeous Nicola. your cards always inspire me. xx
- 2 July 2008 at 20:42
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text:
ATLANTA -- Police are investigating after a woman was allegedly robbed near a well-traveled Midtown shopping center.
The incident apparently happened near the Ansley Mall at the corner of Monroe Drive and Piedmont Avenue late Friday night.
That's where police said an unidentified male robbed a woman - though no injuries were reported.
Police are canvassing the area as the investigation continues.


text:
the lady vanishes(29 Posts)
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Magic Music from the Telharmonium Trailer (1998)
It was 1906. "Get Music on Tap Like Gas or Water" promised the headlines, and soon the public was enchanted with inventor Thaddeus Cahill's (1867-1934) electrical music by wire. The Telharmonium was a 200-ton behemoth that created numerous musical timbres and could flood many rooms with sound. Beginning with the first instrument, constructed in the 1890's, and continuing with the installation of the second instrument at Telharmonic Hall in New York, the rise and fall of commercial service, the attempted comeback of the third Telharmonium, and ending with efforts to find a home for the only surviving instrument in 1951, this documentary provides a definitive account of the first comprehensive music synthesizer.
Watch the official Magic Music from the Telharmonium 1998 trailer in HD below or find more Magic Music from the Telharmonium videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Generally, lip balms are made from menthol, fragrant oils, beeswax, camphor, oil jelly, as well as various other different elements like alum, salicylic acid, and vitamins. When getting baby lips maybelline, there are particular aspects that have to be taken into consideration. There are components that when present in lip balms could generate better result and also durable treatment.
latest lip balmPosted by jbruin4 (#183) 688 days ago (http://learningfromjerusalem.bezalel.ac.il)
Who Voted for this Story
Pligg is an open source content management system that lets you easily create your own social network.


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Tennis started in the 19th century in England. The point of a game of tennis is to hit a ball over a net in sucha manner that your rival cannot return it back over to you. Individuals engaging in tennis use a tool called a "racquet" to hit the ball. Here are the basic rules of tennis.
The players must play within the confines of a rectangular box that's laid out on the ground. Each time the individual hits the ball over the net and the opponent is unable to successfully return it, they earn a point which brings them one step closer to winning the tennis match.


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Join Fame Digital! Download full-length 9min 23sec movie now!
It's a nice day at Rocco's lake house and he's about to fucks this sexy teen. She drops her panties and he fingers her hole. She gets down onto her knees and sucks on his massive cock. He's ready to put his dick in her warm cunt.
- amadeus
- : 3min 30sec
- : 1 Jun 2014
- Exclusive video


text:
2012 Phoenix 719 Pro XP
- Length19'
- ConditionUsed
- LocationRound Rock, TX
Please call boat owner Maelstrom at 865-566-1014 boat is located in Round Rock Texas. Extremely Clean & Well Equipped. 2012 Yamaha FOUR STROKE 225 SHO (1 person plus one full livewell = 76.2mph) 2 guys w/ full tourney load gets you to 72mph with no effort at all). Around 80 hours... Read More
This dealer has 4097 boats listed on boatcrazy.com.View All


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The planets, stars and beyond. Nicola Loaring, SAAO.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Nicola Loaring, SAAO
In giant molecular clouds
EUV imaging telescope image showing the Sun's atmosphere at 60,000C.
This is hot, but the core is even hotter at ~15 million C!
Each granule is ~1000km across (CT to JoBurg!) and lasts 3-10 mins, like bubbles of boiling water.
Sunspot temperature ~3500C (cf ~5400C)
Venus is a similar size to the Earth, and is called our twin
It atmosphere is mainly Carbon dioxide and Nitrogen, with clouds of sulphuric acid!
Its very hot there due to the 'Green house effect' a whopping 462C
Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun at a distance of 150 million km.
It has a diameter of 12,756 km only a few hundred km larger than that of Venus.
Our atmosphere is composed of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other constituents.
71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water!
Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to harbour life.
Picture taken by Apollo 17 astronauts
Orbits the Earth, completing one orbit every 29.5 days
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system – diameter is 11x the Earth's diameter, mass is 318x the Earth's mass.
Jupiter takes about 12 years to orbit the sun and is the fastest spinner in the solar system! Its day is about 10 hours.
Jupiter has faint rings and 63 moons.
Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field of all the planets, 14x that of the Earth.
Jupiter is famous for the Great Red Spot. This storm has been raging for ~350 years and is twice the size of Earth!
Neptune has the fastest winds in the solar system, over 2000km/hr!
Cloud tops are extremely cold at -218C
Pluto has been down-graded from a planet to a "dwarf planet"! In 2006 astronomers decided it didnt meet all 3 of the criteria for it to be defined as a planet.
These are:
1. Must orbit the Sun
2. Must be big enough that its own gravity squashes it into a round ball.
3.Must clear out other things from its orbit.


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Saturday, June 30, 2012
Pretty Little Secrets By Sara Shepard...
Published: January 3rd 2012 by HarperCollins Publishers
Pages: 450
Rating: 4 stars
Age Recommendation: -
Rewind to junior year in Rosewood, Pennsylvania, to a winter break no one has ever heard about. . . .
Fat snowflakes fall onto manicured lawns, quilted stockings hang over marble fireplaces, and everyone is at peace, especially Hanna, Emily, Aria, and Spencer. Now that Alison's murderer is in jail and A is dead, they can finally relax. Little do they know there's a new A in town. . . .
Rule number one of being an effective stalker: Get to know your prey. So I watch these liars day and night, keeping an eye on the trouble they get into, the messes they make, and the secrets they keep. Hanna's desperate for a very personal session with her gym trainer. Emily is number one on Santa's naughty list. Aria's old flame from Iceland is about to land her in hot water. And Spencer's resorting to some backhanded tactics to get what she wants.
What happens on holiday break stays on holiday break—right? But guess what. I saw. And now I'm telling.
Taking place between "Unbelievable" and "Wicked," "Pretty Little Secrets" is a very special "Pretty Little Liars" tale revealing the liars' never-before-seen misadventures over their junior-year winter break.
I have to admit when I first sat down to read this book I went into it with pretty low expectations because I really have not liked the last two books in the "Pretty Little Liars" series and I went into this book expecting much of the same, but I was pleasantly suprised.
The plot. I found myself really likeing the plot (though I think it had a lot to do with the structure of the book). I thought that the story flowed a whole lot better than the main books in the series because each of the girls had their own short story but they all seemed to inter-twine rather than having each of the girls have their own chapters throughout the book to tell their story, and I liked that a lot better. Now onto the plot itself. I thought that the girls stories were a lot more interesting in this book than in the two previous books and it actually had plot twists! which I have missed in the last two books.
The characters. I liked how because of the short stories I got to focus just on one of the girls and see how they grew throughout their story and how they overcame their obsticles throughout the book. Though I didn't feel that their was much character devlopment throughout the book I definitely did see the girls grow in their stories and I found that I liked the girls a lot more than I did.
Overall I really did enjoy reading this book. I don't feel that the plot lines is back to the standard of what they were with the first seven books in the series, but this book has given me new hope for the series and even though this book was written before "Stunning" (which I didn't like) I am now excited to see what happens in the 12th and final book.
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Alberta Abbey (map) Northeast
Fri., Feb. 7, 8 p.m. 2014 21+
Unlike Pete Swanson, his former counterpart in Yellow Swans, Gabriel Saloman's work in the years since that band's split has become quieter and cleaner, but is still as powerful as ever. And the music he is composing now is unapologetically political. Most recently it's come in the form of Soldier's Requiem, a 2013 release whose tracks were originally composed to accompany an anti-war expression choreographed by a Vancouver, BC-based dance company. Its four pieces each devastate in their own way, whether it's through the pound of a martial drumbeat or, on the haunting "Boots on the Ground," guitar melodies accompanied by the simple sound of rainfall that are interrupted by more percussion racket and heavy drones. ROBERT HAM
126 NE Alberta St., Portland, OR 97211


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We help you search for a Bolton trumpet tutor. Trumpet tuition are a great way to start a fun new hobby, acquire a new skill and gain confidence with trumpet. Use our site to search for Bolton trumpet tutors and choose which best matches your needs so you can enjoy your trumpet lessons in Bolton today!
This is the best place to contact Bolton trumpet teachers in the UK, helping you discover Bolton trumpet tuition close to you and Bolton teachers to help with any instrument, for example, piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Bolton trumpet tuition or a one-to-one Bolton trumpet teacher to prepare for trumpet grades and improve your trumpet skills! We order Bolton trumpet tutors in your area by their lesson prices and proximity to you.
If you are a trumpet tutor and would like to offer your trumpet lessons in Bolton or throughout the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or learn about us here. Becoming a Bolton trumpet tutor is a brilliant way to re-affirm your own knowledge through giving trumpet lessons while assisting someone else, all in Bolton!


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KIXZ's Alex Jones Discuss Obama's Disastrous Foreign Policy In Libya [VIDEO]
The New 940's Alex Jones takes the mic Sunday's on KIXZ. He is a polarizing dude. And so is Obama's Foreign Policy.
Here's Alex examining the issues he sees with Obama and the recent crisis in Libya.
Subscribe to The Voice of Amarillo on


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