text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 18, 1996
|Filing date
|Mar 29, 1994
|Priority date
|Mar 29, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Donald B. Hutcheson
|Original Assignee
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (62), Classifications (12), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to color image processing and, more particularly, to a process for preparing color separation images from an original color image wherein highly saturated portions of the original color image are reinforced by a subset of the color separation images.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In conventional processes for reproducing color images, an original color image is electronically scanned and divided into a plurality of areally arrayed picture elements, called pixels. During the scanning operation, it is conventional to use red (R), green (G), and blue (B) filters to intercept a scanning light beam so as to separate the image into its RGB components. A digital number representing the average analog density of the corresponding area on the physical image within that pixel is assigned to each pixel for each of the three color components and retained in memory in separate color image data files from which an electronic image of the original image can be reconstructed. Because of the digital nature of these files, the reconstructed image can be easily stored, processed and viewed, most commonly on a video monitor using standard image processing techniques.
A popular application of this technology within the graphic arts industry occurs when a color-separated image is reconstructed on a color monitor. By electronically altering the stored color image data files for each of the pixels, it is possible to make desired color enhancements or image alterations--a practice known as electronic color editing. When color editing, an operator is able to compensate for imperfect originals, change colors and intensities to produce a more aesthetically pleasing image, as well as add or delete details of the color image to be printed. After this color image manipulation is accomplished on all the pixels within the image, conventional halftone image films are produced from which printing plates or other elements for conveying the colorant to a suitable substrate, hereinafter called plates, are made. The plates are used to reproduce the desired image on a printing press using well known cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) color printing inks or other colorants.
Prior to printing the color image on a printing device, a color proof is frequently made to confirm the suitability of the enhanced image. Color proofs can be produced in several ways including exposing halftone image films for CMYK and using these halftone image films in non-ink proofing systems to produce corresponding CMYK proofs using colorants other than printing inks, such as colored toners, ink-jet inks or precolored imaging layers. Examples of such non-ink proofing systems include Cromalin® and WaterProof® sold under these names by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Del.
An essential part of this electronic color editing process is establishing an accurate correlation between the original image, the electronic data generated during the color separation scanning step, the image displayed on a color monitor, and the final color image as produced on a color printing device. During this correlation effort, compensations are determined for the type of printing device (for example, sheet-fed, offset lithography or gravure) and printing inks used for the display characteristics of the color monitor and, more importantly, for the apparatus (frequently a color scanner with color filters) used to produce input RGB image data files from an original image. During this compensation or calibration process, it is generally the case that the magnitude of color image processing enhancements that can be achieved within an image are limited by the color output range of the printing device to be employed using the traditional four-color-process CMYK printing inks, each ink being associated with a single printing plate. In color image processing, range is defined as the plurality of different color hues and densities controllably reproducible with a predefined set of inks or additional special colorants. A maximum color density value is assigned to each of CMYK based on the maximum amount of ink that can be transferred in a controlled manner from the printing device to the paper being printed upon. Thus, the ability to accurately reproduce an image may be limited to only those densities equal to or less than the print densities available on the printing device. Conventionally, each ink is printed only once during the printing process, i.e., there is only one plate associated with each ink.
Efforts have been made to extend beyond conventional processes by color separating into more than the traditional four-color-process CMYK inks, for instance, by separating into a special set of eight ink colors (CMYKRGB plus white). A printing process employing the special eight printing inks, including an opaque white when printing on a non-white surface, has been introduced by Kuppers, a printing firm in Germany. The process is based on a reference color atlas which provides correlation of printed colors with the required color ink combinations. Also, it is necessary to print all of the seven or eight inks once each to accurately reproduce an image. A major problem with this "CMYKRGB" separation technique is that the halftone image patterns for the extra RGB plates must be made at three new angles in order to avoid moire interference with the halftone image patterns for the CMYK plates. This is a problem because of the well-known need to separate each plate's screen angle from it's nearest neighbors by a multiple of 120°, which limits the available number of optimum screen angles to three. To solve this problem, new halftone image printing techniques, such as frequency modulation or stochastic screening, have been employed. These new techniques, in turn, cause other problems such as a coarse image texture and difficulty resolving the micro grain elements on offset plates or proofing materials. These problems, in turn, lead to difficulty providing pre-press proofs that match the color and tonality of a printed sheet. Other problems with the CMYKRGB approach to HiFi color separation include the need for special RGB inks and special proofing materials, and the need to always run seven plates without the economic options to use only five or six plates.
Another similar practice within the industry employs four-color-process CMYK inks to print an image, but overprints that four-color printed image with special RGB color inks to achieve an extended printed color gamut. It is frequently necessary to print each of the seven inks, including the three special RGB inks, to accurately reproduce an image but, as with the so-called Kuppers technique, potential problems with moire interferences and proofing are created.
Another approach to extend the printed color gamut involves the use of "touch plates" which are printing plates that apply a small amount of one or more special color inks to manually selected areas of an image that has already been printed using four-color-process CMYK inks. Such touch plates are generally employed to enhance the appearance of important subjects or to create special color effects that cannot be achieved with CMYK inks alone, but their creation is costly, time consuming and requires great manual skill and experimentation. Prepress proofing for touch plates is generally restricted to the expensive process of "press-proofing" using actual trial plates and the selected color inks. The problem of screen angles mentioned before is also present with touch plates.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,184,214 (Tatsumi) discloses a system for processing an image input signal and producing an image output signal in order to record an image on an image recording medium. The image input signal is converted to a signal which matches the image output system and is also based on corrective parameters to achieve given color qualities. The image signal is also converted to a signal which matches the image recording medium.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,211,546 (Arazi et al.) discloses a method for adjusting color images in which a first image known to print in an acceptable fashion is displayed on a monitoring device, and a second image is displayed on a second device and modified to approximate the visual impression of the first image. In this method, whenever colors are called for that exceed the printing device's color printing range, the operator is alerted to make changes necessary to bring the image back into the available printing range.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,613 (Paxton et al.) discloses a method for selecting the intensity level of the primary colors used in displaying or printing a desired color composed of a specified percent of each of the primary colors. Each primary color is represented by two discrete intensity levels for that color. One intensity level is below or equal to the desired color intensity level, and the other is above or equal to the specified percentage.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,862 (Gabor) discloses an apparatus for video display that processes printing data in a two-step process. The first step relates the printing data to only one of a plurality of non-additive color components with a selected color reproduction function, and the second step relates the printing data to only two of the plurality of non-additive color components with a selected color reproduction function.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,604 (Kivolowitz et al.) describes a method and apparatus for receiving red, green and blue color separation signals from a color scanner and converting these signals into cyan, yellow, magenta and black signals having approximately the same color ratio as the red, green and blue signals. The cyan, yellow, magenta and black signals are subsequently used on a four-color printing device such that the printed image will have approximately the same color ratio as the original red, green and blue image.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,664 (Udagawa et al.) describes a color image signal processing apparatus for recording a color image from color image input signals. The apparatus includes a color correction unit for performing color correction based upon a luminance signal converted by a gradation converter, a hue signal and a chroma signal. The hue and chroma signals are based on spectrum tristimulus values which are obtained through conversion of the color image input signals.
In these conventional processes, special efforts are made to ensure that the color range of the image as displayed on the display device is restricted to those colors within the color printing range of the printing device, the printing device itself generally being used to print with four plates, one plate for each of the conventional four-color-process CMYK inks. It is also generally the case that the additive RGB color system employed on the display device is capable of displaying a greater color range than can be printed with conventional four-color-process printing. If it were possible to increase the color printing range of the printing device, it would be possible to increase the corresponding color range of the display device. This would be particularly important when electronic color editing of an image is done to achieve special aesthetic or artistic effects, and also when attempting to match a particular original image. Accordingly, it is believed to be advantageous to provide a method for extending the color printing density range of a printing device without introducing special or non-process printing inks or unconventional pre-press proofing systems, and without introducing additional moire problems or requiring exotic screening methods, while at the same time increasing the printing density range in a manner that is flexible in the number of extra plates that can be used.
The present invention comprises a process for reproducing an original color image on a printing device wherein each pixel of the original image is separated into a plurality of color components to obtain an image density value for each color component at each pixel, thereby obtaining a data file of the image density values for each color component. The image density values for each color component are compressed to fit within a range of printing density values having a maximum value achievable on the printing device using printing elements corresponding to the color components. Using the present process, a number of printing elements are selected for each color component, the number of printing elements being more than one for at least one of the color components. The printing density values for each color component having more than one printing element are separated into at least two pixel groups, the first pixel group containing printing density values less than or equal to an assigned maximum printing density value achievable with a single printing element for that color component, and the second pixel group containing printing density values greater than said assigned maximum printing density value for that color component. Printing elements are prepared for each color component having more than one printing element wherein a first printing element produces printing density values equal to the printing density values for each pixel in the first group and also produces printing density values equal to said assigned maximum printing density value for each pixel in the second pixel group, and a second printing element produces printing density values obtained by subtracting said assigned maximum printing density value from the printing density value for each pixel in the second pixel group.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the major elements used in reproducing a printed color image, the image initially being recorded in photographic film or artificially produced on a color monitor.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a process for producing multiple color separation printing files in accordance with the present invention.
FIGS. 3a and 3b are graphs illustrating calibration targets that are useful in determining maximum output printing density values in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a bar graph illustrating an assignment of "coloredness" to a pixel in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating compression of the original magenta density values of a pixel in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows the major elements in conventional reproduction of a printed color image, the image initially being prerecorded in photographic film or artificially produced on a color monitor. A color scanner 10 separates an original color image into color-separated density data files that are processed by a central processing unit (CPU) 11 prior to being supplied to a color monitor 12 for viewing by an operator. During set-up, standard test targets having known color density values are color separated on the scanner 10, and the subsequent image data files are analyzed to determine the relationships between the scanner's color image data and their corresponding original density values. The resulting translation files, one for each of CMY, contain binary density values which are retained in memory as three Look-Up-Tables (LUTs) and are subsequently applied to all image data files produced by the scanner 10. This is well known as an "input calibration" process. A similar "output calibration" process is performed in which a standard image having known dot percentage values is converted by an exposure device, for example a laser plotter 13, into color separated films 14, each film containing the dot percentage data of a single color. These films 14 are used to produce color printing plates 15 for use on a color printing press 16, or to produce a pre-press proof which closely simulates the performance of the press 16. The printed sheet or proof is then analyzed by densitometry or colorimetry to determine the resulting color density values. During the remainder of this disclosure, it is assumed that appropriate input and output color calibrations are accomplished using such conventional methods. In addition, specific calibration methods integral to this invention are described where appropriate.
FIG. 2 shows a process 18 for producing multiple color separation printing files 44 and 46 for a color image in accordance with the present invention after input color analysis has been made of an original color image using well-known color scanning techniques. Conventionally, three color image data files 19, usually expressed as red(R), green(G) and blue(B), are provided in a nonuniform color space from the color scanner 10. It is also possible that similar color image data files 19 can be electronically produced by means of popular desk-top publishing computer-assisted programs that generate color images on the color monitor 12. Such files normally contain color image data recorded as RGB luminance values corresponding to RGB phosphors employed in the color monitor 12. Since the more common use of color image data files follows from conventional color separation processes, the present invention will be described for the case where image data files 19 are derived from a color separation scanning process. This invention can also be practiced using color image data expressed in terms other than RGB, such as CMYK, XYZ or L*a*b*, but will be described in terms of RGB for convenience.
The color image data within each file 19 are converted by means of three inLUTs 20r, 20g and 20b into image density values corresponding to the CMY color density values of the original image, using the formula:
density value=log.sub.10 (1/luminance value)
The range of the original image density values is then compressed using a conventional technique. Within each inLUT 20, allowance is made for control settings that enable an operator to specify a desired minimum density value of the original color image, and a desired maximum density value of the original color image, both of which are adjusted by a conventional compression technique to equal predetermined density values, typically 0.2 and 3.2, that represent convenient minimum and maximum density values for the process 18. Image density values that are above or below these limits may be preserved for subsequent image processing so that even after specifying the desired minimum and maximum density values of an image, an operator may later modify those selections to restore image density values outside the originally selected range. Within each inLUT 20, the color image data may optionally be converted to a standard color space so as to make this process device independent. This is accomplished by converting the RGB luminance values to expressions meaningful in a uniform color space such as XYZ or L* a* b*, but where these expressions are preserved in density-like units so as to remain compatible with the density calculations embodied in the invention. Further within each inLUT 20, various input calibration effects, such as film exposure and film type, can be incorporated for convenience. Additional corrections may be made to compensate for errors in creation of the original image, or to introduce deliberate appearance changes if desired.
The compressed image density values are then analyzed pixel-by-pixel in an arithmetic comparator 22 to determine two "coloredness" components, hereinafter referred to as a primary component representing the primary C, M or Y "coloredness" value of each pixel, and a corresponding secondary component representing the secondary R, G or B "coloredness" value of each pixel. Within the arithmetic comparator 22, the C, M and Y image density values of each pixel are sorted by magnitude and assigned accordingly as maximum 24, middle 26 and minimum 28 image density values. The primary component is identified by the name of the maximum value 24 of the pixel's C, M and Y density values. The secondary component is identified by the name of the R, G or B color that results from combining the middle 26 and maximum 24 C, M and Y density values.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example wherein the maximum 24 and middle 26 CMY density values of a selected pixel are the pair M and Y, respectively. The primary component is identified as magenta, and red is assigned as the secondary component. In other instances, not illustrated, if the maximum 24 and middle 26 density values are the pair C and Y, respectively, the primary component is identified as cyan, and green is assigned as the secondary component. If two CMY density values are equal, either one can take the disputed position without affecting the result of the process. If all three CMY density values are equal, any density value can take the disputed position.
A key feature of the present invention enables an operator to specify that an "extra" C, M, Y or K printing plate or, more preferably, any combination of "extra" C, M, Y and K plates be used to increase the maximum printable density values achievable on a printing device. This feature enables an operator to more accurately reproduce an original scanned image or an electronically generated image. The advantage of using these "extra" plates is the ability to reproduce a more accurate color match to the original image, in particular in highest density areas, than is possible using the conventional procedure which employs only one printing plate for each of the CMYK printing ink colors. Use of these "extra" printing plates results in the maximum printable density values for each of the standard process printing ink colors (CMY) being higher than for conventional printing processes. Use of these "extra" plates also results in variable maximum density values for the tertiary colors R, G and B which arise from two-color overprints of the CMY inks, depending on what combinations of "extra" plates are selected. It should be noted that if, for example, only C and Y are selected as extra printing plates, the maximum printable C, M, Y, R, G and B density values are different than is the case if, for example, only C and M are selected as extra printing plates.
As a consequence of this feature, maximum printable C, M, Y, R, G and B density values may vary widely depending on the extra printing plates selected. This is in contrast to the conventional practice wherein approximately similar maximum printable C, M, Y, R, G and B density values are obtained because only single C, M, Y and K printing plates are employed. Within the scope of this invention is the independent "compression" of image density values associated with each pixel's primary and secondary components according to the maximum printable density values achievable with different combinations of the "extra" C, M, Y and K printing plates, resulting from the operator's choice of the particular "extra" plates to be employed.
Each pixel's maximum image density value 24 and middle image density value 26 are both passed through one of three primary compression LUTs 30 corresponding to C, M or Y as defined by the name of the primary component (C, M or Y) for that pixel. For clarity of illustration, only one of the three possible primary compression LUTs 30 is shown. Similarly, the pixel's middle image density value 26 and minimum image density value 28 are both passed through one of three secondary compression LUTs 32 corresponding to R, G or B as defined by the name of the secondary component (R, G or B) for that pixel. For clarity of illustration, only one of the three possible secondary compression LUTs 32 is shown. In both instances, the smaller image density values, now compressed, are subtracted from the larger image density values, also now compressed, by arithmetic adder units 31 and 33, respectively, to yield compressed primary and secondary component image density values 32 and 34, which are within the printable range of density values for each color. The compressed primary image density value 32 obtained from the subtraction occurring at arithmetic adder unit 31 is a compressed C or M or Y image density value, and the compressed secondary image density value 34 obtained from the arithmetic adder unit 33 is a compressed R or G or B image density value. The compression of the maximum, middle and minimum image density values 24, 26 and 28 in the above described manner through six (6) separate LUTs (three primary LUTs and three secondary LUTs 32) corresponding to C, M, Y, R, G and B, prior to determining their difference, enables density compression to be optimized so as to best utilize the various maximum printing density values made available by any combination of "normal" and "extra" printing plates as provided by this invention.
Another key feature of the present invention is the independent compression of the six coloredness values which ensures that a pixel is compressed proportionally to its colored components, so that the hue of the printed pixel more closely matches the hue of the original pixel than if the individual maximum, middle and minimum image density values had been independently compressed. The buildup of the LUTs 30 and 32 is described hereafter. In addition to consideration of the combination of selected printing plates, the compression process also adjusts to the actual maximum density values of each of the six coloredness components in each individual image, as determined, for example, by histogram analysis of the image data files 19. This further feature of the invention optimizes image appearance by ensuring that low-saturation images receive less color compression than heavily saturated images. For example, an image containing no heavily saturated reds may have a maximum original red coloredness density value lower than the maximum printable redness density value available on the output printing device, in which case the redness compression LUT will have no need to compress the incoming redness density values, even though the maximum magenta coloredness value in the original image may dictate a significant compression factor for magenta density values. Meanwhile, if in another image the maximum original redness density value is larger than the maximum printable redness density value, significant compression will be applied to bring the highest original redness density values into a printable range. In this latter case, it will also be necessary to compress some of those original red density values that lie within the printable range, so as to preserve a realistic visual relationship between those and any more highly saturated (and thus more vigorously compressed) red density values.
The compressed primary image density values 32c, 32m and 32y are next processed through three corresponding primary color matching LUTs 36c, 36m and 36y which have been previously assimilated so as to provide, respectively, three primary sets 41c, 41m and 41y of C, M, Y, and K SID (Single Ink Density) printing values which, when printed together in register on the ultimate printing device, will produce printed colors having a close match to the colors of the primary image density values 32c, 32m and 32y. Using the same procedure, the compressed secondary image density values 34r, 34g and 34b are processed through three corresponding secondary color matching LUTs 38r, 38g and 38b which have been similarly previously assimilated so as to provide, respectively, three secondary sets 43r, 43g and 43b of C, M, Y and K SID printing values which, when printed on the ultimate printing device, will produce printed colors having a close color match to the colors of the secondary image density values 34r, 34g and 34b.
FIG. 3a shows a calibration target 61 useful in an output calibration process wherein the CMYK SID printing values provided by the LUTs 36c, 36m, 36k and LUTs 38r, 38g, 38b are derived using the device being calibrated. The LUTs 36c, 36m, 36k 38r, 38g and 38b are created by analyzing the colorimetric characteristics of the printed calibration target and correlating these to the C, M, Y and K dot percentage values of the printing films used to produce the target. This target 61 is also used to determine the maximum C, M, Y, R, G, and B printing densities when "extra" C, M, Y and K printing plates are used on the printing device.
A grey image density value for each pixel is obtained from the minimum image density value 28 and processed through a grey compression LUT 35 to produce a compressed grey image density value 45 which is within the printable range of the device using the compression method described later for building the LUTs 30 and 32. The compressed grey image density value 45 is then passed through a grey matching LUT 37 which has been previously assimilated so as to provide a grey set 47 of CMYK SID printing values which, when printed together on the ultimate printing device, will produce a printed grey having a close match to the compressed grey image density value 45. These SID printing values for the grey set 47 are called corrected grey image density values, and are generated in accordance with the requirements of operator controls governing grey balance, Grey Component Replacement (GCR), Under Color Removal (UCR) and Under Color Addition (UCA), using techniques that are well known within the industry.
FIG. 3b shows a 2-dimensional calibration target 63 useful in assimilating the grey matching LUT 37 by analyzing the result of printed dot percentage values in increments of C, M and Y over increments of K.
Four arithmetic adders 40c, 40m, 40y and 40k combine, respectively, the C, M, Y and K SID printing values from the primary set 41 with the C, M, Y and K SID printing values from the corresponding secondary set 43 and the C, M, Y and K SID printing values from the grey set 47 to obtain summed SID printing values 49c, 49m, 49y and 49k for each of the pixels within the original image. The summed SID printing values 49c, 49m, 49y and 49k are processed, respectively, through LUTs 42c, 42m, 42y and 42k which have been previously assimilated, using test targets similar to those illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b, to provide corresponding output dot percentage values 53c, 53m, 53y and 53k ranging from 0-200% for, respectively, the C, M, Y and K colors to be printed at each pixel.
The output dot percentage values 53c, 53m, 53y and 53k ranging from 0-200%, are now separated by an arithmetic comparator 48 into a "normal" imagewise array 44 of output dot percentage values and an "extra" imagewise array 46 of output dot percentage values. The "normal" imagewise array 44 is comprised of those output dot percentage values in the range 0-100%. The "extra" imagewise array 46 is comprised of output dot percentage values obtained by subtracting 100% from each of the output dot percentage values in the range 100-200%. Every output dot percentage value greater than 100% is assigned 100% in the "normal" imagewise array. Although the assigned maximum printing density is 100% in the foregoing preferred embodiment, a percentage somewhat less than 100%, for example, 95%, may be assigned as the maximum printing density for the "normal" array or printing plate in the present invention.
Four "normal" printing plates are prepared for the C, M, Y and K printing inks using the output dot percentage values from the "normal" imagewise array. One or more "extra" printing plates, previously selected by the operator, are prepared using the "extra" imagewise array values 46 for C, M, Y and K. The normal and extra plates are then printed in register on the output device using conventional inks and conventional printing density values. Alternately, non-conventional inks or density values may be used in order to intensify or otherwise alter the final range of printable colors or density values, or to achieve other printing benefits. In such instance, the output calibration targets 61 and 63 must also be printed with these modified conditions, and the data from the modified targets 61 and 63 must be assimilated into the matching LUTs and other related calibration files used by the process.
The printed calibration targets 61 and 63 are useful in deriving the matching LUTs 36 and 38 for each of the six colors C, M, Y, R, G and B, and the maximum printable coloredness density values produced by different combinations of the "extra" C, M, Y and K printing plates. The calibration target 61 is constructed as follows. A central portion 70 contains dot percentage values from 0-100% of C, M and Y and their two-color overprints, as shown by the row values of FIG. 3a. Portions 72, 74, 76 and 78 contain dot percentage values from 0-100% of a first color overprinted by 100-200% of a second color. Portions 80, 82 and 84 contain dot percentage values from 100-200% of two different colors. In FIG. 3b, the calibration target 63 contains dot percentage values from 0-200% of K overprinted with dot percentage values from 0-100% of C and the equivalent grey-balanced amounts of M and Y. The calibration targets 61 and 63 are initially produced on the printing device using eight plates and the same CMYK inks that will be used in subsequent practice, for example, the Toyo™ inks sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. The printed calibration targets 61 and 63 are measured by a color analysis device such as a densitometer, colorimeter or spectrophotometer, and the resulting colorimetric values are tabulated alongside the dot percentages used to print each target patch and stored for repeated reference.
The three primary compression LUTs 30 and the three secondary compression LUTs 32 are constructed according to the maximum image density values for C, M, Y, R, G and B in the color image data files 19 and the maximum density values achievable with each ink. A maximum image density value for each of C, M, Y, R, G and B within the original color image data files 16 is determined first, for instance, by histogram analysis of the original image. These maximum image density values are then compressed independently to fit the maximum printable density values for each of C, M, Y, R, G and B, achievable when the normal and extra plates selected by an operator are printed in register on the printing device using conventional inks and conventional printing density values as determined using printed targets, like the ones illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b (described hereafter), created during the output calibration cycle. The maximum printable density values for C, M, and Y are determined by searching the target data file for the maximum coloredness density recorded for the maximum allowed dot percentage of 100% or 200% for C, M or Y, respectively, as determined by the user's plate selection. Similarly, the maximum printable density values for R, G and B are determined by searching the target data file for the maximum coloredness density value recorded for the maximum allowed dot percentage for whichever of the two contributing inks in each of R, G or B has the lowest maximum allowed percentage (100% or 200%) as determined by the user's plate selection.
Similarly, the maximum printable density values for grey are determined by searching the calibration target 63 of FIG. 3b for the maximum neutral density comprising a combination of some or all of the colorants as determined by the user's plate selection and other controls governing requirements such as grey balance. The grey compression LUT 35 is constructed according to the maximum neutral black image density value and the maximum density value achievable on the printing device as determined using a printed target, like the target 63 illustrated in FIG. 3b, created during the output calibration cycle.
The technique used to compress the maximum C, M, Y, R, G, B and grey image density values in the original image to the maximum printable C, M, Y, R, G, B and grey density values builds seven density-to-density compression curves that are unique for each color, including grey, and for each image. All possible original coloredness or grey density values up to the maximum determined to be present in each original image are converted to their equivalent luminance values, the luminance values are compressed linearly to fit the available range of luminance values defined by the available range of output density values, and the compressed luminance values are then re-converted back to their equivalent density values. The compression tables are assembled in such a way as to assign a compressed density value for each possible uncompressed original density value, including grey.
FIG. 5 illustrates the effect of the primary compression LUT 30 that might be used for magenta M for a first case in which a single magenta printing plate is used, indicated by line 50, or for a second case in which an "extra" magenta printing plate is used, indicated by line 52. In the first case, an original image containing, for instance, a first pixel having a primary coloredness identified as magenta, with a density value of 3.0, would be compressed to have a maximum magenta density value of about 1.4, while a second pixel having an original density value of 1.4 would be compressed to have a magenta density value of about 1.15. In the second case, the first pixel having an original magenta density value of 3.0 would be compressed to have a maximum magenta density value of about 2.0, while the second pixel, having an original magenta density value of 1.4, would be compressed to have a magenta density value of about 1.3. The advantage of compressing by the lesser amount shown by line 52, when printing with an extra magenta plate, is that the resulting magenta density values, although still not as high as in the original image, more closely approximate the original image density values shown as line 58.
FIG. 5 further illustrates that this process is not just a simple addition of "extra" CMYK plates to obtain output printed density values higher than otherwise obtainable with conventionally produced "normal" CMYK plates. Line 50 represents the compression curve for a magenta plate from a normal CMYK separation, and line 51 represents the density addition achieved by over-printing this conventional CMYK separation with an "extra" magenta plate. The addition of the "extra" plates clearly improves the maximum density achievable, as defined by point 56, but a pixel having an original magenta density value of 1.4 will still be compressed to have a density value of about 1.15, not the improved value of 1.3 obtainable if the "normal" plates were produced by this invention. The abrupt change in slope of the overall compression curve at point 59 will be seen in the final printed sheet as an unnatural increase in contrast. As provided by the present invention, the output dot percent values obtained with the first printing plate of each color are increased in anticipation of the higher maximum output printing densities obtained with the "extra" printing plate of that same color in such a way that the final density reproduction curve increases smoothly with no visible step change. Furthermore, those parts of a conventional magenta plate corresponding to original density values higher than that represented by point 59 will contain dot percentage values less than 100%, thus causing the potential for moire interference between the dot pattern of the conventional magenta plate and that of the "extra" plate. Yet another difference between the "normal" separations made by this invention and conventional CMYK separations of the same original is that the selection of an "extra" magenta plate can also affect the dot percentage values of the C, Y and K "normal" plates in areas printed with both magenta plates.
The same inter-plate effects are produced by the selection of two cyan, yellow or black plates, and result from calibrating the matching LUTs 36 and 38 so as to provide a wider range of compressed image density values than are normally possible with conventional CMYK separations. Such inter-plate effects cannot be replicated in conventional CMYK separations unless an approach similar to that embodied in this invention is employed.
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|Jun 3, 2004
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|Oct 30, 2003
|Jul 8, 2004
|R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company
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|Nov 19, 2003
|May 19, 2005
|Kerr Roger S.
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|Nov 21, 2003
|May 26, 2005
|Kerr Roger S.
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|Nov 19, 2003
|Aug 25, 2005
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|Sep 7, 2004
|Mar 23, 2006
|Eastman Kodak Company
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|Jun 9, 2005
|Dec 14, 2006
|Xerox Corporation
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|Oct 31, 2005
|May 3, 2007
|Zeying Ma
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|Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.
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|May 2, 2008
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|Paul Reed Smith Guitars, Limited Partnership (Mar Yland)
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|U.S. Classification
|358/1.9, 358/518, 358/520, 358/515, 358/521, 347/15, 358/523
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 20, 1995
Owner name: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY, DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HUTCHESON, DONALD BRUCE;REEL/FRAME:007309/0618
Effective date: 19950112
|Mar 31, 1995
Owner name: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY, DELAWARE
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT CORRESPONDENCE MAILING ADDRESS. AN ASSIGNMENT WAS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 7309, FRAMES 618;ASSIGNOR:HUTCHESON, DONALD BRUCE;REEL/FRAME:007384/0889
Effective date: 19950112
|Nov 22, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 18, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 23, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Otro Modo Hostel Morro Jable
Canary Islands, Spain: Fuerteventura
Orto Modo Hostel is a great value just metres from the beach, so if you're all about surfing then come and check out the southern Spanish waves.
"Sun and waves at local beach Cruz Roja"
Orto Modo is a fantastic getaway where you can meet fellow travellers, soak up some Canary Island sun and score waves at local beach Cruz Roja. This is a great spot for beginners and solo travellers looking to break into the surf scene. From siesta to fiesta this is your number one surf camp if you're looking for adventure without the hefty price tag.
"Delicious Mediterranean cuisine in the restaurant El Callao"
The hostel sits on the southern tip of Fuerteventura; here you can escape the crowds of the north and enjoy the local charm of the south. Comfortable and clean rooms are all fitted with adjoining bathrooms. Opt for the half-board deal and enjoy delicious Mediterranean cuisine in the local restaurant El Callao.
Link up with like-minded wave hunters at the Casa Alberto just 40 meters from the hostel and share waves, stories and good times. Kick back in the communal lounge areas, try your balance on Indo Boards, play some table-football or take out a skateboard or cruiser bike and go explore the charming Morro Jable.
"Yoga sessions, wellness workshops and beach BBQ's"
Hone your surf skills with instruction and theory lessons available through the surf school office. You can also take part in yoga sessions, Spanish classes and wellness workshops, beach BBQ's, table-football tournament and surf camp dinner.
Whether you're after a relaxing retreat or high-octane surf escape you'll find exactly what you're looking for here at the Orto Modo Hostel. For more information and booking contact the Luex team today.
4 reasons to choose Orto Modo:
- Fantastic value surf camp!
- Great beginner waves within walking distance.
- Crowd free beaches and authentic Spanish town!
- Comfortable and clean accommodation.
Great location, great surfing and great weather, all you need for the perfect holiday in the b...
If your idea of a perfect surf trip includes great weather, a lively atmosphere with some cult...
Whether you are a first time surfer or looking to improve your skills, Casa Alberto combines b...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Trina Turk White Top
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This item may have been worn but has no visible signs of wear.
I'm reorganizing my closet and selling few of my fabulous designer wear. All of my listings are 100% authentic. All loved and well cared for in a smoke free, pet free home.
The 100% silk Trina Turk blouse is gorgeous. It's simply stunning and extremely delicate.
No stains, looks new. Recently dry cleaned. Looks great with distressed jeans and booties.
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text:
Jacksonville, Florida 32202
United States
|Areas of Practice
|1) Corporate
|Law School
|University of Florida Levin College of Law
|Admitted Year
|University of Florida (B.S.B.A., 2002
|Most recent firm
|Smith Hulsey & Busey
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Business Support Lead Iii- Legal Entity
Business Support Lead III- Legal Entity The candidate leads diverse administrative functions usually for a very large, complex department or business unit. Functions may include: financial control/bu...
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.
Alan Singer is a partner in Morgan Lewis's Securities Practice. Mr. Singer advises companies with regard to a diverse range of corporate and securities matters.


text:
I Am 14
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 868 People
iloveblackfire2222 16-17, M 5 Jun 12, 2015
Anyone wanna iMessage?Message me
faith1015 16-17, F 1 Response 3 Jul 24, 2015
I'm 14 and I'm pansexualand transgender I've known for a long time but my parents don't no about either I show a lot of clues but they aren't very smart to noticed
Norforkandchance 16-17, T 1 Response 6 Apr 3, 2015
Seems like the only people left on Me Too are13 year old girls and 55 year old men xD
looking for someone to talk,idk about anything
rlpanama 16-17, M 2 Responses 3 Apr 20, 2015
Stephanie Here's Her PicA little while ago I was looking at my facebood my ex-gf's sister sent me a friend request. She in only 14yrs old physically she has the body of a 20yr old. She is smoking hot her default pic I mean she has this pic showing some mad cleavage showing!! I would post it but She isnt...
martymcfly1274 36-40, M 3 Responses 5 Aug 18, 2011
Hey I'm bored. Shoot me a messageif you'd like to talk :)
AngelSyns 16-17, F 2 Responses 5 Oct 5, 2014
everyone is cool in there own way.the cool kids aren't that cool you'll realize that soon enough... the only thing cool thing about them is the time they put into scum written subjects that happen to be a thing. they're never cool, spend time around them and you'll see.....they're nothing.
iloveblackfire2222 16-17, M 0 Jun 14, 2015
Yes I AmI am 14 years seven months old. I have been 14 since august first. i am thoroughly enjoying my teenage years. in a world of music, entertainment, televison, movies, magazines, make-up, church and friends i am in the midst of it all on top of my schoolwork. i am so much more busy...
grapes305 13-15, F 4 Responses 2 Mar 12, 2011
But I have the maturity of a 24 year old (ifnot older) :L
SammiSakura 18-21, F 2 Responses 3 Dec 12, 2014
yes it's true I'm only 14,but what is age if not just a number.
samthegirl 16-17, F 4 Responses 5 Nov 8, 2014
I just want sone he who I can call baeand be happy with, and they love me and call me babe
Whatsgood14 16-17, M 4 Responses 4 Aug 8, 2015
hassaansm 16-17, M 3 Responses 3 Oct 15, 2015
People around my age,hit me up!!!
StephenCurryIsTheBest 13-15, M 0 Mar 23, 2016
Dice013 16-17, M 0 Feb 10, 2016
My Storymy names morgan. im 14 eahs old. ive been living with trich for 7 years now, and its taking over my life. prozac is the med im taking and it doesnt seem to help at all. when i was in 1st grade, my mom discovered a bald spot on the top of my head. we were all scared because i...
morganamo 18-21, F 5 Responses 2 Jun 22, 2007
I'm 14 and I'm new here.I would love to talk to anyone out there.
estherjane 16-17, F 1 Response 2 Jun 3, 2015
I'm a black 14 year old girlwho believes that this world we live will never make us satisfied even if we push are Selves to hard I can't figure out who I want to be because of nonsense in this world can we believe that war and disagreement to other paranoid discovers can or cannot get us killed maybe but...
babylovestar15 18-21, F 3 Aug 11, 2015
I've been arrested for assaultfor trying to defend myself this guy was getting a little too touchy and then he got forcing and he slapped me so I used Wht my older brothers taught me about fighting and idk who called the cops so the cops didn't get the full story. So everyone saying B.S now u know the full...
halieya 16-17, F 1 Response 3 Jun 16, 2015
Nedstark14 18-21 1 Aug 4, 2015
faith1015 16-17, F 4 Responses 3 May 4, 2015
Lg5486 16-17, M 2 May 22, 2015
Can You Hear MeFor the last 14 years i have lived in a world i could never talk to , a world i could never belong to. All my life i just wanted to be accepted as me , not a steriotype not as a name someone else has given me. Me. Nothing more nothing less.To know i belong somewhere , to someone...
anotheryou 18-21, F 15 Apr 18, 2012
Finally, I needed this group!But is thee any French here? :c
RandomAsianDude 26-30, M 1 Nov 11, 2015
spudmat 13-15, M 1 Jan 28, 2016
I'm 14, I have been shavingfor years, and it bothers me. Why do people use a moisturizer afterwards? I have never had any problems after just rinsing my face with water. I haven't had any problems with my face being 'unmoisturized'. I probably will never buy it. It is even useful?
pokemaster2001 16-17, M 1 Jun 4, 2015
I'm 14 and seriously obsessed with cartoonsand bands help me.
mlgkayla 16-17, T 0 Jun 11, 2015
If your trying to hook up with meand your older than 15+ Please don't message me sexual intentions because I don't want to know about your boring sex life
babylovestar15 18-21, F 1 Response 3 Aug 9, 2015
u like helping people alotand my mum thinks its unhealthy spending alot of my time trying to help others but i like iit its fun and sometimes u can learn from your own advice here if u need to talk and no im not fake i hate fake creepy pedofiles asweel
tntbubbly 18-21, F 3 Mar 3, 2014
What do you do at this agewhen life is just to much for you to control and you feel pain on your brain maybe I'm just tired of bullshitty reasons and talks that make you unsatisfied with your self and others
babylovestar15 18-21, F 1 Response 0 Aug 11, 2015
Penguinlover02 13-15, F 2 Responses 0 Apr 4, 2016
Just MeHey im new here and just looking for some friends... I am 14, my name is Maya, i have a kik but i text and call too. I have recently been heartbroken with a guy ive been with for 7 months it was long distance which didnt help. ;/ I have moved last year from a small town into a...
gurly27 18-21, F 3 Responses 10 Sep 15, 2013
I had to remind everyone of my birthday.March 1st. Yay 14. Still have to wait 4 years until I'm free of this hell hole.
DeathMeansFreedom18 13-15, F 2 Responses 2 Mar 20, 2016
My Story- A MessageSince i was younge , younger then you are , i have grown up knowing that in life there are no fairytales. I knew that even though i dreamed , hoped and even prayed no prince is gonna come and save me from not only my past but the future i both know is coming , and know i cant...
anotheryou 18-21, F 6 Jun 13, 2012
Lets See What U Knowim 14 black hair 5'4'' slim sexy smart freak if you know what i mean love boys give head ***** talks dirty
candygurlnev 13-15 27 Responses 17 Jan 26, 2009
Who Is 14Add me on Kik at ThickBody1211
Thickjunt1211 13-15, F 3 Nov 21, 2013
heartcoaster5 16-17, F 1 Response 0 Sep 23, 2015
I am 14, genderfluid,Wiccan, and just joined this site.
loverofwind 16-17, T 2 Jun 12, 2015
Sometimes I have the maturity of an adult therest of the time I act like I'm two.
Addy123x 16-17, M 1 Response 3 Jan 10, 2016
Hi, anyone wanna chat ?It can be about what ever you want...
Rokas2260 16-17, M 1 Feb 10, 2016
I am 14 years old and I'm in love.Yeah. You may think it's stupid to be in love at 14 and you may think it's impossible to be in love. But I don't. Me and my girlfriend argue a lot... every time I get scared of losing her, every time I see her with another boy I get really jealous... and I don't know how to...
Willstandish2000 16-17, M 1 Response 4 Apr 5, 2014
Cheese4Dayz 16-17, M 2 Responses 6 Aug 19, 2015
well.... here i go, stepping into a hardand confusing part in life.... i know god will lead me through it.........he always seems to...
iloveblackfire2222 16-17, M 1 Response 0 Jun 14, 2015
I'm 14 and am on my phone ALOT!Have three cats and am in only child.
MaddieX0 18-21, F 5 Feb 12, 2014
Just want new friends :) I'm 14and female. Would like more guy friends :) don't talk to girls much :/
JustThatAwesome01 18-21, F 1 Response 5 Jan 3, 2014
Someone message me I'm boredand lonely
faith1015 16-17, F 4 Apr 29, 2015
I'm bi and 14! Had a lot of bad relationships... I just want one to work..
Chaserness56 16-17, M 1 Response 3 Jun 11, 2014


text:
Title: Keeper of Reign
Series: Keeper of Reign, #1
Author: Emma Right
Publisher: Telemachus Press
Genre: Fantasy – Adventure
Books written in blood. Most of them lost, their Keepers with them. A curse that befell a people. A Kingdom with no King. Life couldn't get more harrowing for the Elfies, a blend of Elves and Fairies. Or for sixteen year old Jules Blaze. Or could it?
Something in the air is brewing and Gehzurolle, the evil King of Euruliaf, and his army of Scorpents will invade and destroy the Kingdom of Reign and the Elfies. Already Gehzurolle's agents, Whisperer and Rage, are secreted in Reign, ready to do their master's bidding.
But for Jules his nightmare had only just begun. First off, he has no idea where his father had gone off to, what with the war with the aggressive neighboring tribe, the Handoverans, who live across the brooke, then his grandparents mysteriously disappear, and his Keeper mother soon follows suit. Now Jules has to make sure his four siblings stay safe. And alive. Especially since he and his family have inadvertently invoked the interest of Gehzurolle.
But why? In his quest to find answers, and to locate his missing family members and the Ancient Books, Jules loses control over his situations, faces one dilemma after another to save his family, and his Kingdom, and uncovers a family secret that could save them, or kill them all.
Available at:
Amazon – Canada: Paperback, Kindle
Amazon – US: Paperback, Kindle (Free for a limited time period)
Keeper of Reign was a fast-paced fantasy novel that will take you to a great and exciting adventure. It was a very fun read and I enjoyed the characters a lot. They were very-well developed and each of the five siblings have their own personalities. There kept getting in and out of trouble and there was a lot of cliffhangers and suspense that kept me wanting to find out what happens next. It was definitely a page-tuner and it was hard for me to put the book down.
Jules was the eldest of the five. He was brave, curious, responsible, and very protective of his siblings. I loved that no matter how much he wanted to hide with his sisters when they were being attacked by the birds in the first part, he didn't and went on to save his brother, Ralston.
Ralston was the second. I can see him being a geek who's really smart and can invent anything he could think of. I also loved how he was slow and clumsy. It made his character adorable in a way.
Bitha was the eldest among the girls. She didn't like adventures as much as Jules did but she was always the responsible and caring sister. She has this motherly affection and I loved that about her.
Tst Tst (pronounced as Sit Sit) is probably my favorite among the five. She always has these big words that no one knew what they meant and where in the world she got them from. She was so adorable and cute. She makes me laugh and roll my eyes whenever she uses her big words.
Tippy is my second favorite. She's the youngest of the five but nothing escapes her sharp eyes. She notices anything and everything. She's very curious and asks a lot of questions.
The characters were very realistic and interesting. Their relationship with each other was also highly believable. I could tell how much the author loved her characters. She developed them so well that it almost felt like they were based so closely from real people.
Emma Right also impressed me a lot with how she created this fantasy world. It was creative, highly believable, and exciting! I can't wait to see what happens next in the sequels to come. This is definitely a great book to read to your kids. I recommend this to families, young adults, and adventure-lovers from all ages.
Books and Bindings was given a pdf copy of Keeper of Reign by Emma Right, the author, in exchange for an honest review. This did not influence or alter the thoughts and opinions of this review in any way.
Discussion Questions:
- How do you feel about my review? Do you agree or disagree with it? Would you read it, if you haven't yet, basing from the review?
- What did you think of the book? How would you rate it from scale 1 to 5 (5 being the highest).
- How do you feel about the main characters? Did you like them, hate them, relate to them?
- Would you recommend it to others?
- What other books would you recommend I read that's similar to this one?


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Thrustmaster® 4160571 Ferrari F1 Gaming Steering Wheel For PC/PS3; Black
Item #: 901-M1KV2698ING
Model #: 4160571
Brand: Thrustmaster
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$129.99 Each
Detachable Ferrari 150th Italia gaming steering racing wheel replica for the Thrustmaster T500 RS; the benchmark simulator controller for PC and PlayStation 3.
- Black
- For Thrustmaster T500 RS
- Connectivity technology: Cable
- Platform supported: PC, PlayStation 3
- Buttons and controls: 2 x custom, 8 x action button, 3 x 3-way switch, 2 x 8-way D-pad, 2 x paddle shifter
- A precise, robust and realistic racing wheel
- Genuine F1-style scratched-brushed metal "push and pull" shifters
- Rubber-textured wheel offering a realistic and comfortable grip
- Professional quality rotary knobs, switches and action buttons
- Detachable racing wheel featuring the "Thrustmaster quick release" system
|Brand : Thrustmaster
|Weight : 1.00 lbs. per Each
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January 17, 2017: Miracles Unfold…
Happy amazing January 17, 2017!
Miracles unfold today as the incredibly glorious 17:17 and 10:10 codes intertwine for the ultimate eternal awakening.
January 17 is a 17 Universal Day in 2017.
1.17.2017 adds up to 19/10 in a 10 Universal Year.
This code activates the message for ALL of 2017: As you lead from the heart, you step into eternal Light and Love.
Miracles are commonplace now.
In 2017 you see the presence of Miracles in your life every day – as you instantly manifest love and light (10) and create a new legacy of love (17).
A miraculous instant manifestation of peace.
You hold the truth within your HEART.
You know that in order to HEAL, you must FEEL.
Create something gorgeous today. Feel the light of the stars shining IN you.
You are ONE with the Cosmos, one with Nature, one with every-one…
BE the creation.
Welcome miracles as a natural part of your day. Be open – wide open.
Have no fear, beloved! You are an Immortal Being of Light and Love. 2017 is the year you are able to awaken and activate Miracles.
Begin by stopping to hide. Take off the veil. Remove the mask. Be in your joy. Be gentle with yourself as you explore your feelings (not matter what they are)… Just be present and awake.
Know that, where you choose to place your energy, what you choose to focus on, what you are internalizing – food & drink, thoughts, decisions, visions, dreams – is exactly what will manifest energetically in your life… and very quickly.
Put on your intuitive headlights. Notice what's being lit up.
What the light reveals…. heals.
Have no fear of what might appear. Don't ever judge the unfolding of what is.
Just open your heart… listen…
Stay clear of drama. Feed only what feels uplifting.
You'll KNOW, because on the other side of your decision, you instantly feel LIGHTER, happier…
You'll be at Peace.
Definitely have your guide to 2017 handy. Support your soul by referring to the ultimate spiritual and practical map of 2017's extraordinary astro-numerology code.
Embrace what is beginning now in your life and be grateful for the shift.
You are on a healing journey of unprecedented transformation…
Love and Blessings,
Tania Gabrielle
2 Responses to "January 17, 2017: Miracles Unfold…"
Thank you for your encouragement and uplifting posts.
Light and love!
Trying to be open!!!
This wonderful Tania,
Such great channelled advice & so important to help us "shift"into the new paradigm of the "Return of Light & Unity Consciousness" within us!
Especially the advice about watching our thoughts & keeping them positive, so we manifest our true desires!
So much Lkve & gratitude to you! ???


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Study Shows Covered California Customers Have the Access to Doctors They Need and Are Getting the Life-Changing Care They Deserve
SACRAMENTO, Calif. — Today, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation released a study titled "Coverage Expansions and the Remaining Uninsured: A Look at California During Year One of ACA Implementation." This rigorous, independent survey underscores the success of Covered California's outreach to communities of color and provides hard evidence that Covered California consumers are getting the care they need, when they need it.
"We are heartened by this independent study that validates that what we have been doing for two years is working," said Covered California Executive Director Peter V. Lee. "To have a stand-alone, independent view that says our enrollees are getting the care they need allows us to move beyond the anecdotes and mythologies, which are often politically motivated, to focus on what's next for the future of health care in California and across the country."
This large-scale study included surveys of those insured by Covered California, Medi-Cal and the private market, as well as the uninsured. The survey went through the fall of 2014 and provides early indicators in areas that are critical to Covered California's mission. The following are highlights from the study, which is online at http://files.kff.org/attachment/report-coverage-expansions-and-the-remaining-uninsured-a-look-at-california-during-year-one-of-aca-implementation, that will help inform the exchange's work going forward.
Enrollment Findings
The findings affirm that Covered California outreach is reaching California's diverse population and an appropriate mix of ages.
- The newly insured were much more likely to be Latino than the previously insured (page 13 in the study); Latinos made up 37 percent of enrollees in Covered California, which mirrors the exchange's own estimates (Figure 7 in the study).
- The study shows that 50 percent of the newly insured are between the ages of 19 and 34, compared with 31 percent of the previously insured and 48 percent of the uninsured (Figure 5).
Access-to-Care Findings
The findings show Covered California is dramatically improving health care access for many Californians and highlights some areas for improvement.
- 91 percent of Covered California enrollees reported it was "very" or "somewhat easy" to travel to their usual source of care, which matches the findings for what the study calls the "Other Private" market (Figure 19 in the study).
- 59 percent of Covered California enrollees had a checkup or preventive care visit by the fall of 2014, which is nearly twice the rate for preventive care visits among the uninsured (Figure 20). This is not significantly statistically different from the data for the "Other Private" category, and, if extrapolated out over time, this means more than 800,000 preventive care visits have been provided through Covered California plans since January 2014.
- While 69 percent of Covered California enrollees have a usual source of care, this is lower than the 81 percent in the "Other Private" category (Figure 13). This highlights the need to educate Covered California enrollees, many of whom are newly insured, about the importance of having a primary care physician.
Cost and Affordability Findings
The findings validate the fact that health care costs are still a challenge for many Covered California consumers — as they are for many with private coverage through their employer. This reaffirms that the underlying reasons for health care being expensive in this country still need to be changed.
- 26 percent of Covered California enrollees faced costs that were higher than they expected, which compares with 29 percent in the "Other Private" category (Figure 32 in the study).
- 44 percent of Covered California enrollees reported it is "somewhat difficult" or "very difficult" to pay their premium, compared with 25 percent of those in the "Other Private" category (Figure 36).
"As an active purchaser, one of the ways Covered California is working to keep costs down is by negotiating with health carriers for the very best rates possible," Lee said. "The study also showed that 84 percent of Covered California enrollees did not face a problem paying their medical bills, which is again comparable to the private market [Figure 38]."
Covered California recently made improvements to its standard benefit design to help consumers get access to care without being subject to a deductible. The changes, which will go into effect for the 2016 coverage year, include adding a specialist visit that will not be subject to a deductible for those in the Bronze plan and removing the application of a deductible for other needed services, such as lab tests, rehabilitation and others. Covered California's Silver plan will also be simplified by combining copay and coinsurance into a single product. Every doctor visit, lab test and prescription will not be subject to a deductible in this single product.
Consumer Literacy Findings
The study shows more work is needed to educate consumers, especially those who are newly insured, about their health care policies and benefits.
- While a majority of Covered California consumers understand their benefits, 24 percent do not understand cost-sharing, compared with 14 percent of consumers with employer-based coverage (Figure 34 in the study). This highlights a continued need to educate consumers on how to navigate their health insurance.
Covered California Board Member Genoveva Islas participated in a briefing and panel discussion regarding the study.
"I was proud to take part in this discussion, to talk about how Covered California, Medi-Cal and the Affordable Care Act are changing lives in our state," Islas said. "This is the best current data, with good demographics on actual coverage. This is an independent validation that Covered California is working."
About Covered California
Covered California is the state's marketplace for the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Covered California, in partnership with the California Department of Health Care Services, was charged with creating a new health insurance marketplace in which individuals and small businesses can get access to affordable health insurance plans. Covered California helps individuals determine whether they are eligible for premium assistance that is available on a sliding-scale basis to reduce insurance costs or whether they are eligible for low-cost or no-cost Medi-Cal. Consumers can then compare health insurance plans and choose the plan that works best for their health needs and budget. Small businesses can purchase competitively priced health insurance plans and offer their employees the ability to choose from an array of plans and may qualify for federal tax credits.
Covered California is an independent part of the state government whose job is to make the new market work for California's consumers. It is overseen by a five-member board appointed by the Governor and the Legislature. For more information about Covered California, please visit www.CoveredCA.com.


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DEA agents routinely take possession of the assets they can prove their perpetrators purchased with the money they made from their drug trade. As it just so happens many drug dealers love to throw tons of money into their auto collection. Here's some footage someone captured of the police and DEA loading up tons of exotic custom cars.
Article will continue after advertisement


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With all the high school football talent that resides in the state of Florida it is no wonder that Bill Lynch and his staff are recruiting the state so hard. One prospect from the Sunshine State t...
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Is an MPA degree a good fit for me?
Narrator: You also want to remain competitive. So many job requirements these days are asking for MPA education. This is also a very well-rounded program. If you want to make sure that you have portability with this degree, we do offer public and private sector education.
Narrator: You also may want to transition to the government and non-profit sectors. This is a great degree for which to do that.
Narrator: If you have any additional questions, please feel free to contact your enrollment advisor at (866) 665-4178.
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Associate Professor
University of Connecticut
Department of Molecular & Cell Biology
91 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3125
Torrey Life Sciences 218
Storrs, CT 06269-3125
Telephone: 860-486-5421
Fax: 860-486-4331
Education: Ph.D., Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Postdoctoral studies, Carnegie Inst. of Washington
Research Interests: Genetic interactions of neurodegenerative proteins in Drosophila; Key molecular pathways and networks that influence the disease proteins' toxicities: Expanded polyglutamine (Huntington's disease), Pink1 Parkin pathway (Parkinson's disease), FTD-ALS (ALS disease).
Selected Publications:
Timakov, B., Liu X., Turgut, I. and Zhang, P. (2002) Timing and targeting of P-element local transposition in the male germ line cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 160: 1011-1022.
Morrow, G., Battistini, G., Zhang, P. and Tanguay, R. (2004) Decreased lifespan in the absence of expression of the mitochondrial small heat shock protein Hsp22 in Drosophila. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 43382-43385.
Hao, X. M., Zhang, S., Timakov, B. and Zhang, P. (2007) The Hsp27 gene is not required for Drosophila development but its activity is associated with starvation resistance. Cell Stress & Chaperones 12: 364-372.
Sudi, J., Zhang, S., Intrieri, G., Hao, X. M. and Zhang, P. (2008) Coincidence of P-insertion sites and breakpoints of deletions induced by activating P elements in Drosophila. Genetics 179: 227-235.
Cao, L., Zhang, P. and Grant, D. (2009) An insect farnesyl phosphatase homologous to the N-terminal domain of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 380: 188-192.
Zhang, P., Wang, Q., Hughes, H. and Intrieri, G. (2014) Synthetic lethality induced by a strong Drosophila enhancer of expanded polyglutamine tract. Open Journal of Genetics 4: 300-315.
Zhang, P., Camacho, D., Vodapally, S., Williams, S. and Kannan, K. (2015) Synthetic lethality induced by toxic polyglutamine tract II: a survey in Drosophila. Open Journal of Genetics 5: 58-70.


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Auburn Collision 1
Review for Auburn Collision 1
Hal E. on 09/12/2012
Hal said he did not have to wait very long. He said they did a beautiful job. He was completely satisfied with everything.
Category: Collision
Service Date: 08/22/2012
Review Created: 09/12/2012
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


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Eccles Cakes [Recipe]
If you do, awesome! If you don't, awesome! 😀 Hehe, it'll come. But some things take time and practice, and this particular item needs a LOT of practice. So, soon. But not yet.
Instead, today I'm going to share with you a friend's recipe, which I got while visiting her in Toronto a little while ago. I am sharing this recipe because she is awesome, and this recipe takes after her in that way.
Meet my friend, Sarah.
Eccles Cakes are an English tea time favorite, made with homemade puff pastry, a mixture of dried fruit and spices, and sugar on top. De-licious. There is copious amounts of butter in this recipe too, which adds to the general "Wow I love this and want to eat all of them in one sitting" feeling.
Here's the recipe!
Eccles Cakes
1 oz butter, softened
1 Tablespoon sugar
3 oz currants
1 oz chopped mixed peel
1/4 tsp ground mixed spice (or cinnamon)
1/4 tsp ground nutmeg
1/4 tsp salt
8 oz cold butter
To start, mix up the filling! Sarah has this super nifty measuring bowl, which measures everything by weight. I need one of those. I grew up measuring in cups and tablespoons, but this method, I hear, is a lot more precise – And it looks awfully fancy when you're using it.
At any rate, you can mix up the filling by first creaming the butter and sugar, and then adding the rest of the stuff to that. Then mix it up and set it aside.
Next: Pastry! This is the tricky part. If you made My Croissants a little while ago, you'll basically be a pro at this already – though, this method is a little different. It's easier though, so… Yeah. If you got the croissants down, this will be like eating a piece of cake. That easy. 😉
Start out by mixing together the flour and salt, and then cut in the butter till coarse. Once that is done, add cold water (mixing in between – I like to use a fork for this part) in little bits until the mixture comes together into a dough (you will still see the butter chunks in there).
Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured work surface, and kind of pat it together in a square/rectangle shape.
Rrrrrr-o-o-o-oooll it out! Roll it into about a 8″x13″ rectangle, then fold it into thirds.
From there, rotate it 90 degrees, and roll it out again.
Fold it into thirds again, and… Can you guess? Yup. Repeat.
And again? Hehe, yup.
And… AGAIN! 😀
In total, you will need to roll and fold the dough 4-5x, folding and rotating each time except the last. If the butter is melting while you work – Stick the dough in the fridge for at least 20 minutes and then come back to it and keep going later. You want the dough to stay as cold as possible as you roll it out, to keep the layers of butter preserved.
When you're all done, cut the last bit of dough in half, wrap the pieces in plastic or foil, and refrigerate about 20-30 minutes, or until you're ready to finish making the eccles cakes.
(Look at those layers! :))
After the dough has chilled, remove one package of dough from the fridge and roll it out to be about 1/4″ thick.
Cut into 3″-4″ circles with a round biscuit or cookie cutter, then fill with about 1/2 Tbsp. filling.
Fold the edges up toward the top, pinch to seal, and turn the patty over.
Brush the eccles cakes with water, and then sprinkle with sugar (coarse sugar is great for this).
Bake in a 425 degree oven for 20 minutes, or until golden brown.
Cool on wire racks.
Enjoy! I recommend eating them warm, with a cup of tea. :]
Thank you, Sarah, for sharing this recipe with me! And for so expertly making them while I watched and took notes with my camera in hand… It was a good time.
Oh, one more thing. Before I go I'd like to ask you, dear blog reader: What's your favorite teatime treat?
Back soon!


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The hit pair of last year's Kalavaani is back once again. Vimal and Oviya, who rocked in the Sargunam-directed Kalavaani along with Saranya Ponvannan and Ilavarasu, have been cast in the lead roles in an upcoming film titled (SOS). The film will be produced by S. Nandagopal on behalf of his Madras Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. A popular name in the distribution circles, Nandagopal had previously produced films like Kalabakadhalan, Machchakkaran and Newtonin Moondraam Vidhi.
Besides Oviya, the other heroine in the film would be Dipa Shah, who was last spotted in director Mysskin's Yudhdham Sei. Casting is underway to select other major actors and actresses. Rajesh Yadav would be the cinematographer of the film which introduces a young debutant music director in Faizal. Lyricist Vivegaa would be penning all the lyrics in the film.
'Super' Subbarayan would be the stunt choreographer. Ravi, who had earlier worked under many renowned directors as an assistant director, debuts as director with SOS. Ravi would also be writing the story, screenplay and dialogues. The film is produced at a huge budget by Nandagopal, who has always patronized good stories and newcomers as directors.
The first schedule of the film's shooting was just wrapped up in Chennai. The next schedule of shoot would take the film's crew to countries like New Zealand, Malaysia and Thailand. The producer is planning a 40-day non-stop stint to wrap up the film after shooting in all these countries.
Deviating from his usual care-free kind of roles, Vimal reportedly takes on a serious role in the film.


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This high yield cartridge provides fast printing of laser-quality black for crisp, sharp text and graphics. Designed to ensure excellent results every time, its Smart printing features* ensure easy set-up, carefree printing and outstanding quality.
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SAN FRANCISCO (KCBS) — Bicycling advocates in San Francisco are renewing their call for safety improvements in the South of Market area after a bicyclist was fatally struck by a Muni bus during Friday morning's commute.
The crash, which took place near the intersection of Bryant and 11th streets, marked the fourth time this year that a cyclist was struck and killed in SoMa. All four incidents involved large vehicles. In at least three of the cases, the vehicles were making right turns.


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The mandate of the Manitoba Magazine Publishers' Association (MMPA) is to represent and promote Manitoba magazines, undertaking projects that can best be done collectively or cooperatively on behalf of its membership. So whether it's a professional development conference, lobbying for better conditions for publishers or launching a direct mail campaign showcasing Manitoba magazines to the public, the MMPA is the voice for magazine publishing's future in our province. The MMPA's operations are under the control of a voluntary board of directors.
Board Members:
|Brenda Johnstone, Convenience & Carwash Canada
|Past President
|Dorothy Dobbie, Pegasus Publications
|Vice President
|Leigh Patterson, Ducks Unlimited
|Aaron Newman, TMD Winnipeg
| Judy Owen, Freelance Writer & Editor
Phil Koch, Canada's History
|Executive Director, Grant Nordman
If you would like to add your voice as a member of the Board, please contact Brenda Johnstone, President, at email@example.com. The MMPA works on a collaborative basis with organizations including Magazines Canada, the Magazine Association of British Columbia, the Alberta Magazine Publishers Association, and the Atlantic Magazine Association. Call us today at 204-940 2712 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Ready to Join MMPA?
We welcome new Publisher Members and Associate Members. Review the Membership Rates.
To join MMPA, complete the appropriate form and send it to email@example.com for consideration at our next board meeting.
Please also send the appropriate fee (mailed cheque, or phone with a credit card number), and for Publisher Member applications, the two most recent copies of your magazine(s).
If you have any questions about your application, please call 204-940 2712 or email email@example.com.


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The Factory is looking for full time ON SITE production artist. This is an entry level position and you will work directly under The Factory Art Director. Attention to detail is paramount. Ninja skills with Adobe Photoshop with a working knowledge of Adobe Illustrator and Adobe InDesign is required. Experience with WordPress and HTML/CSS aswell as foosball skills is a plus.
Working hours are from 8am to 5pm.
We have a pretty awesome work environment and are laid back people. Tell us about yourself, we'd like to see the real you NOT the interview you.
$11/hr to start, bumped up to $12/hr after 60 day probation period.
Email your digital portfolio and resumé for consideration, portfolio of work is required. Please put "I pay attention to detail" as your subject line when submitting for the position. We will be taking resumés/portfolios for the next few weeks and will contact those we wish to interview. No phone calls or walk-ins please.APPLY
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Sipi River Lodge
Sipi Falls, Kapchorwa, Uganda
Sipi River Lodge Kapchorwa Reviews
9 reviews
A little bit heaven of earth Jun 13, 2011
Beautiful cabins with more beautiful views over the Sipi falls.
Beautiful surroundings, nice touch with the neighborhood kids.
Friendly staff and good food, what does a man need even more!
This is truly a little bit of heaven on earth, what a beautiful place to stay and relax.
Enjoy the nature, different plants and birds.
When I just was there, I came out of the shouwer and I thought it was raining really lout.
Turns out it was the waterfall!! You`ll get justed to the sound off the waterfall very quick.
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text: Nomoozie asked to move the balcony interview to a place fitting of her image and vision so we obliged. You'll learn today though as we cover business, personalities that are selling themselves out, her learnings at Cashtime. This is part one of the view hold on for part 2 dropping next week. You can listen to her new single The Recipe over here.