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14 packing tips for travelling
I was recently asked for packing advice by a family member who was preparing for her first overseas holiday. It made me realise that there are quite a few tips I take for granted as common knowledge, when, in fact, I have gradually accumulated them over my years of travelling. Packing, like many aspects of travelling, is a matter of trial-and-error to find what works for you. Nonetheless, here are a few of my favourite packing tips that may help to get you started if you are an inexperienced traveller.
Checked luggage tips
What you pack in your checked luggage largely depends on your destination and the length of your stay, so here are some very general tips.
- First and foremost, do not ever pack your money, important documents, medication or expensive technology in your checked luggage. Your luggage may get lost in transit, which would leave you stranded without these essentials. There is also the possibility that they could get stolen from your luggage. So, always carry them with you, either on your person or in your carry-on luggage.
- Roll all of your clothes, as they will crease less than if you fold them.
- Spray a couple of handkerchiefs with your favourite perfume/cologne and place them amongst your clothes to keep them smelling nice. Otherwise, suitcases have this ability to make everything smell stuffy.
- Make your suitcase easily identifiable. This will make perfect sense after your first experience at a luggage carousel. I would never recommend buying a black suitcase, as they are far too common and hard to quickly identify. In fact, an orange suitcase seriously once saved me from being denied entry to the US. I also like to tie bright ribbon to the handles of my suitcases to make them easier to spot.
- Pack several plastic rubbish/shopping and zip-lock bags. These are always handy to have, whether it be to isolate dirty clothes, to keep small items safe or simply to help compartmentalise your suitcase.
Carry-on luggage tips
When it comes to carry-on luggage, here are some essentials that I cannot be without on any long-haul flight. These tips mainly apply to economy plane travel, as the facilities in business and first-class will make much of this advice irrelevant.
- Inflatable neck pillow – I absolutely refuse to travel on a long-haul flight without one. If you want decent sleep in economy, this is a must-have. Mine once broke on a flight (after many years of use) and it was consequently a very long, uncomfortable experience. Needless to say, I rushed to buy a new one at the first opportunity.
- Headphones – I like to bring my own onboard, as airline ones are often dodgy and the thought of not having working headphones on a flight is incomprehensible. I use them throughout the rest of my trip anyway.
- Eye mask – Some people are not a big fan of these, but I love them. No matter how much the cabin lights are dimmed, it will still not be completely dark. Plus, these masks also make it very clear to other passengers and cabin crew that you are trying to sleep, so they hopefully leave you alone!
- Toothbrush and toothpaste – When I sit on a plane in economy for many hours, every part of my body feels like it needs to be refreshed, with my teeth being a particular bugbear. Therefore, it is always handy to pop into the onboard toilets mid-flight and brush my teeth. While some airlines provide a toothbrush and toothpaste, they are never as good as regular ones.
- Deodorant – For the same reasons as above, I always bring a roll-on deodorant. Airport security usually does not take kindly to aerosols, so roll-on is best on a flight.
- Lip balm – The humidity of cabin air is always extremely low, so it is very drying. Lip balm is essential to avoid chapped lips. By the same token, it can also be beneficial to bring a small moisturiser.
- Jumper/cardigan – You may be going to a warm, tropical destination, but it is almost always a sure bet that the cabin temperature will be chilly. Bring a light-weight, comfortable jumper or cardigan onboard to make sure that you do not spend the whole flight shivering.
- Socks – Some airlines provide these and some do not, so I usually bring my own to be safe. It is uncomfortable to wear shoes for the duration of a long-haul flight, so socks do the trick to keep your feet warm and protected from the germ-ridden plane floors.
- Photocopy any important original documents you are taking with you, such as your passport and/or visas. Keep hard copies with you in your checked or carry-on luggage, in case you lose the originals. I would also strongly recommend storing an electronic copy somewhere that can be accessed on any computer. For example, you could email it to yourself if you can access your email anywhere or you could upload it to a 'cloud' storage facility. When I went on exchange to the US, I uploaded copies of all of my documentation to a Dropbox folder that my parents could also access anywhere, in the case of an emergency.
Hopefully these tips will make it a little less overwhelming to pack for your next trip! I may continue to update this post as I think of more.


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Portland Comic Expo 2014
The Portland Comic Expo, featuring comics artists, vendors, cosplay, and more, will be held in Portland, ME on October 26th. Visit http://www.portlandcomicexpo.com/ to learn more.
The Portland Comic Expo, featuring comics artists, vendors, cosplay, and more, will be held in Portland, ME on October 26th. Visit http://www.portlandcomicexpo.com/ to learn more.
New York Comic Con will be held October 9-12 at the Javits Center in New York City. They have a huge guest list, including people from comics, television, movies, art, and more; see the website at http://www.newyorkcomiccon.com/! (Tip: details are hidden under the triple-bar icon in the top right corner of their website.)
The Public Library of Brookline, MA is hosting a lecture called "Banned Books Week: When Comics Almost Died" by expert Carol Tilley on September 22nd at 7:00pm:
Sixty years ago, three events endangered comics: the publication of psychiatrist Fredric Wertham's anti-comics polemic Seduction of the Innocent, US Senate hearings on the relationship between comic books and juvenile delinquency, and the development of the Comics Code Authority, a censorship body that restricted content. CAROL TILLEY, whose research into Wertham's revealed the doctor fabricated some of his findings, takes listeners behind the scenes, to reveal this fateful year in comics history. Learn untold stories of Wertham, Senator Estes Kefauver and the kids who tried to fight the tide of anti-comics momentum.
See http://www.brooklinelibrary.org/programs/special-events/140922-banned-books-week-when-comics-almost-died for more information.
Vermont Comic Con will take place in Burlington, VT the weekend of October 25th-26th. Guests include Gil Gerard of "Buck Rogers in the 25th Century." Learn more at http://www.vtcomiccon.com/.
[Tip via Geek Mountain State]
The BangPop! Comic & Pop Culture Convention will be held in Bangor, ME September 20th-21st.
BangPop! Comic Con brings a vibrant weekend of panel discussions, educator workshops, gaming, cosplay, and anime & movie screenings, and a great display of creative talent with professional authors and artists. Our Artist Alley showcases amazing work by creators from Maine, New England and the Canadian Maritimes. Vendors and Special Guests are on hand all weekend to sate your desire for comics, books, art and more. It's a chance to meet your favorite artists, illustrators, and writers – see their work, hear them speak and catch up on the newest talk of the comicsphere.
Visit http://www.bangpopmaine.com/ for more information.
[Tip via Convention Scene]
Dan Mazur and Alexander Danner will present their book Comics: A Global History, 1968 to the Present at the Harvard Book Store in Cambridge, MA on June 13th at 7:00pm.
Comics is a richly illustrated narrative of extraordinary scope. Examples from all over the world include everything from Crumb and Kirby to RAW; from Metal Hurlant to Marjane Satrapi to nouvelle manga; from both the American mainstream and underground to the evolving and influential British scene. The images here are bright and colorful, dark and brooding, arresting and pleasant, all at the same time. An unprecedented collection includes around 260 expertly chosen illustrations, many reproduced in full-page format for more sophisticated analysis.
Visit http://www.harvard.com/event/dan_mazur_and_alexander_danner/ for more information.
[Tip via Convention Scene]
Connecticut ComiCONN is a comic book, sci-fi, and collectible show being held in Bridgeport, CT on August 15th-17th. There will be multiple artist and actor guests, including guests of honor George Perez and David Finch, plus vendors, costume contests, and more. For details visit http://www.comiconn.com/.
Rhode Island Comic Con will take place in Providence, RI the weekend of November 1-2. It features many comics artists and pop culture guests, including Nichelle Nichols and William Shatner of Star Trek, John Rhys-Davies of Lord of the Rings, Michael Rooker of The Walking Dead, and Mark Sheppard of just about everything. There are many more guests coming; find the complete list of guests and activities at http://www.ricomiccon.com/.
The Montserrat College of Art in Beverly, MA, is offering a summer course called "Introduction to Comics" the week of July 7th-11th:
Explore the steps of creating your own comic like a pro! We'll begin by understanding the parts of a comic, and how they contribute to the whole. From pencils and inks, to plotting and dialogue, we'll bring them all together to make comics of our own. Examples, discussions, and feedback will take place alongside studio work. Students will be introduced to one digital tool, Manga Studio, and learn the pros and cons of digital vs analog methods. By week's end, everyone will have produced their own comic. Minimum age is 15 years.
See https://reg.abcsignup.com/reg/event_page.aspx?ek=0041-0015-cf75530e7ce74db198fd5f8751e1c961 for details on schedule and pricing.
The Granite State Comicon returns to Manchester, NH September 13th and 14th, featuring artists, voice actors, dealers, gaming, contests and much more. Visit http://www.granitecon.com/ for details.
[Tip from Jessa of Good to be a Geek]

subset: commoncrawl


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Some confessed, others denied – vehemently. See which stars have (allegedly) upgraded their physical assets, and which say they haven't.
Cameron Diaz
Hiding something? Cameron Diaz stepped out for lunch with sister-in-law Nicole Richie with a noticeable more puffy face than usual. Whether it's due to cosmetic fillers or just simply a bad day, Diaz has been the talk of the hour on Sept. 23, 2015.
Courtney Cox
While we can't quite put our finger on it, Courtney Cox stepped out on the red carpet sporting a noticeably different look at the premiere of "Hand of God" on Aug. 19, 2015. Perhaps it was a new makeup job or, er, something more, but the blue-eyed actress was sure to turn heads with her altered appearance.
Kylie Jenner
For months, Kylie Jenner has denied having any injections done on her mysteriously fuller pout crediting the changes to over lining. However, on the newest episode of "Keeping Up With The Kardashians," Kylie finally admits to having "temporary lip fillers." No surprise there!
Janet Jackson
This wouldn't be the first time you've heard plastic surgery in the same sentence as Janet Jackson. Known for her changing appearance, the singer was spotted on Oct. 31, 2014 in Dubai (r.) with a much tighter face and nose than when we last saw her in May 2013


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from useless to useful by iRONiiCWatch
©2012-2017 iRONiiC
I made this origami with some useless papers..But now they became useful
very nice work!
A zis mami ca aici e lumina aparte, ai prins-o super !!!
Nice Work & Nice Photo
I made a lot of this flowers to hang on my classroom. They are very cute. ♥
Very nice.
That is so cool!! Awesome job!!


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I Can't Think Straight Trailer (2008)
01 June 2008 Drama, Romance 80 mins
I Can't Think Straight is a 2007 romance movie about a London-based Jordanian of Palestinian descent, Tala, who is preparing for an elaborate wedding. A turn of events causes her to have an affair and subsequently fall in love with another woman, Leyla, a British Indian. The movie is distributed by Enlightenment Productions. It was released in different theatres between 2008 and 2009. The DVD was released on 4 May 2009. The movie is directed by Shamim Sarif and stars Lisa Ray and Sheetal Sheth. The two actresses star in another movie with lesbian characters, namely The World Unseen, released in 2008.
Watch the official I Can't Think Straight 2008 trailer in HD below or find more I Can't Think Straight videos on Vidimovie.


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Rally® 2-Million CP Spotlight with Dimmer allows you to adjust light output!
Using a powerful quartz halogen bulb, this Rally® Spotlight pumps out the equivalent of two million candles... you can see the light from 3 miles away! That should do the trick for just about any auto repair or home improvement project you can think of.
Here, you can even use the dimmer to adjust light intensity if you don't happen to need all two million candles for a specific task. And thanks to a cordless, rechargeable battery, you can bring the Light with you anywhere without needing an electrical outlet on hand.
Order ONLINE Today!


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The city's equity office is calling on cops to redouble racial sensitivity efforts, after video emerged of a patrol officer using the word "nigger" while interacting with a group of black men recently.
First posted by the Mercury, the 27-second video shows Officers Michael Hall and Heather Martley attempting to clear out the sidewalk in front of a downtown Portland nightclub.
The precise context of Hall's comments is unclear, but the footage clearly shows him uttering the racial slur as he orders a group to disperse. The men Hall was speaking to—workers at the downtown Nordstrom out to celebrate a birthday—confronted him on his use of the word, and the officer retorts: "But you said it to me."
In light of the Mercury's reporting—followed by the Oregonian a week later— Office of Equity and Human Rights Director Dante James released a statement today calling on the Portland Police bureau to use the incident "as an opportunity for daily training and reminders."
James' statement from the release:
"People will argue that it is a double standard because some Black people use the word.This is not an argument about who gets to use the word. This is an opportunity for PPB to remind its staff that ANY pejorative of this type is unacceptable. This is about professionalism, plain and simple, and this is the conversation that needs to happen."
But the interaction didn't merely breach professionalism. It also ran afoul of bureau policies, which dictate cops may only use such epithets when quoting from police reports or testifying in court.
James' statement also commended the PPB for undertaking racial sensitivity training for its command staff and sergeants, and said Chief Mike Reese has "responded positively" to James' concerns.
Now the office is waiting to see what steps cops will take, according to OEHR spokesman Jeff Selby.
"It's a matter of culture change, not so much about this specific incident," Selby says. "It's really about furthering that dialogue of professionalism within the Portland Police Bureau."
Here's the video:


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Okay, we were looking for something different and inexpensive for a single night. That objective was definitely achieved. We did not pre-book, so were able to review the available rooms.
The building is truly fantastic. High ceilings, period furnishings, magnificent central atrium. The rooms vary considerably from smallish shared-bathroom to imperial grandeur with sweeping sea views. We opted for an en suite room (#11) facing Water Street. Good value at around $75 all in.
Forget about luxuries such as an alarm clock, radio, coat hangers, coffee making facilities. There were none. But the bed was comfortable, the shower worked fine, and the street was (relatively) quiet. Everything was clean, though the windows could use a wash.
The pub that used to operate on the ground floor was closed down a couple of years ago.


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Click the images to visit the back-issues of Edible Alchemy's own recipe zine: the Formulae!
Below, you will find uploaded copies of all of the past zines that are put out each week with the produce boxes. In each is preparation, history, and nutrition information about vegetables, fruits, and herbs. Email us to submit awesome recipes to the zine, or look forward to an awesome recipe forum sometime in the future (email us if you want to help with this project! We'd love to work with you.)
[gallery columns="2"]


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Build Guide by 1jona
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Teemo Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
This is a Graet skill whith long range, and hurts very munch. great skill to last hit
You run faster a lovly skill to run or to get after your enemies
This is the best skill (i think) Teemo has becuase this skill cant kill meny enemies and the poisen hurt alot over time
this is a good trap skill who slow. and hurt over time great ulti


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Template >> Flyer - Salsa Caliente Flyer Template 89984 by ThatsDesign @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 79.01 MB; Requirements: Adobe CS3+; Layered: Yes; DPI: 300 DPI; Dimensions: 8.5 x 11.9 px.
ЁC 1 Photoshop .psd file
ЁC A4 size (21X29.7 cm) or (8.3X11.7 inch) with bleed (21.6X30.3 cm) or (8.5X11.9 inch)
ЁC Print Ready (CMYK, 300 DPI, bleed)
ЁC Layers are labeled, color coded and organized in groups for easy navigation.
Font used.
ЁC Bebas Neue: http://www.dafont.com/bebas-neue.font
ЁC Britannic: http://www.fonts.com/font/linotype/britannic
Model: Model is not included. It's just for preview image purpose. You can purchase the picture here.
General tips for editing the flyer's general text and model.
Title: Double click the smart object layer "replace title here", replace the text by your own title on the new opened window and save.
SubText: All the text is editable just by simply double-clicking on the text's layer in photoshop,and just typing in your desired information.
Model: Double click on the smart object layer "Replace model here" , place your picture on the new opened window ans save.
Keywords: lou606, thatsdesign, salsa, salsa dance, salsa concert, salsa flyer, salsa caliente, hot flyer, concert flyer, cuba, colombia, fire styles, yellow, red, red and yellow, bolero, tango, flamenco, argentina, salsa psd.
Download Link


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Below are some pictures taken today at the Ulster Museum, where Art students visited the True Colours exhibition. This year it featured work by two of our past pupils, Anna Byrne and Emma Corry.
Anna achieved first place in NI A2 Art & Design and Emma's work was selected by the Art Society of Ulster, winning her a cash prize and an invitation to exhibit in the Society's Annual Exhibition in June.
Well done to Mrs Quinn, Head of Art and all involved.


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Monday, February 23, 2009
email to clavia ( nord keyboards)
Very sorry to see the modular synth discontinued. I have a G2X and a G2 . Looking for an engine to tour with but they seem to have disappeared from the US . It's frustrating trying to make a "career" out these instruments when they are constantly discontinued. I have an oberhaim xpander which sits in my studio . I am too frightened to take it to gigs. I should have learnt guitar . Could you design an instrument that looks like I am playing a guitar , but sustains , stays in tune like a synth and you can play cluster type voicings on ? Preferably an instrument that doesn't cost half its value to repair if you " break a string " . best regards Sean
Posted by sean wayland at 11:20 AM
1 comment:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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The new IBUPROFEN pills I got have IP466 on them the old have 8I on them. Also why are the new IP466 pills larger then the 8I pills? Is their more then one type of ingredient in one then the other?
What do Ibuprofen pills look like?
- Asked
- 21 Jan 2014 by green0072
- Active
- 23 Jan 2014
- Topics
- ibuprofen, pill
Answers (1)
Both pills are Ibuprofen 800 mg but made by different manufacturers.
Pill imprint 8I has been identified as Ibuprofen 800 mg.
Manufacturer: Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc.
Pill imprint IP 466 has been identified as Ibuprofen 800 mg.
Manufacturer: Amneal Pharmaceuticals
Further Information
- Ibuprofen Information for Consumers
- Ibuprofen Information for Healthcare Professionals (includes dosage details)
- Side Effects of Ibuprofen (detailed)
Search for questions
Still looking for answers? Try searching for what you seek or ask your own question.
Similar Questions
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Whatever the exact dollar amounts, the experts agree the problem is huge and only promises to get worse. But the real question facing most organizations is not about the scope of the problem but how to prevent falling victim to IP theft.
Our advice is to act proactively, rather than reactively. You need to know what your employees are doing. Protect yourself through legal documents, training, technology and systems, said Todd Stefan, executive vice president of Setec Investigations, a computer forensics service provider.
According to Robert Yonowitz, a partner in the law firm Fisher & Phillips, LLP, the first thing organizations should do is come up with a plan for managing critical data.
If your customer lists are readily available to anyone walking in the building, say sitting on receptionists desk, then the court wont view that information as valued," Yonowitz said.
Internally, the same holds true. Dont give every sales person access to the whole customer list. Only give them access only to their accounts. Otherwise, a court may likely determine those customer leads are easy to get, easy to access, and not worth protecting.
However, an equal problem is being over aggressive when classifying data as sensitive. According to Yonowitz, nearly as many organizations make the mistake of slapping a confidential stamp on everything from annual reports to press releases, often for legal reasons.
In court, however, if a judge sees that a company recklessly classifies information, it will be harder for the aggrieved party to justify large damage claims and even prove damage has been done.
If trade secrets are critical, treat them as such, Yonowitz said. For example, if your trade secrets are dubbed as confidential in the same way that a pre-release draft of a press release is, then youve undermined your case.
After data protection, the most important thing organizations can do to protect their trade secrets is to get a handle on their employees, through training, through hiring, through access control to key data, through the signing of non-solicitation agreements, and through exit interviews that outline IP theft-related offenses.
Too much emphasis is often placed on training employees once they step on site, when the most critical protection happens earlier. One of the best ways to stop IP theft is to prevent people predisposed to it from having jobs, Stefan said.
Stefan suggested screening anyone who has access to critical data, be they employees, partners, or large customers. If they have a poor track record, your best defense is not doing business with them.
Other suggestions include making IP theft part of your overall security strategy, creating and enforcing IP policies, being diligent when logging communications systems, and conducting regular audits.


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filter plant for ferrous sulfate
Sulfate in Drinking Water causing odors, diarrahia, and gastrointestinal problems. About ... It is formed from decomposing underground deposits of organic matter such as decaying plant material. ... install an activated carbon filter.Read More
Patent US3760069,Process for producing ferrous sulfate ...
... directly to ferrous sulfate monohydrate in the absence of intermediate formation of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ... Tests showed the filter cake to be the pure ferrous sulfate monohydrate. ... a pilot plant run was made in which a glass column, ...Read More
Comparing Ferric Sulfate with Ferrous Sulfate for Wastewater ...
Comparing Ferric Sulfate with Ferrous Sulfate . for Wastewater Treatment . Ferric Sulfate and Ferrous Sulfate are ... treatment plant headworks, where it also provides benefits in the subsequent treatment processes. Ferrous sulfate isRead More
Advantages of Chlorite Reduction with Ferrous Ion
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Hexavalent chromium removal by reduction with ferrous sulfate ...
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Ferrous Sulfate Monohydrate,Beckart Environmental
Batch Filter Press (244kB PDF) Filter Presses (300kB PDF) Ferrous Sulfate Monohydrate ... Ferrous Sulfate Monohydrate. The coagulant of choice for many industrial and sanitary wastewater treatment applications, due to its high efficiency, ...Read More
filter plant for ferrous sulfate
Filter Plant For Ferrous Sulfate. recyling construction waste Crushing and Screening Plant . filter plant for ferrous sulfate; 100 tph Stone Crusher Plant Price; Stone Crusher Machine Manufacture; Crushing Plants; Proudly WordPressRead More
Coagulation,ia Community College System
The most common aluminum salt used for coagulation is aluminum sulfate, or alum. Alum may react in different ways to achieve coagulation. When used at relatively low doses ... measure the turbidity of water at three locations in the treatment plant ,influent, top of filter, ...Read More
Kirkland Signature Pet Food and Pet Supplies > Ingredients
Ferrous sulfate. Additional source of iron. ... Flaxseed. A plant source of omega-3 fatty acids. ... Ingredients Glossary. Search Glossary Terms: Enter a term to search for. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. f Ferrous sulfate. Additional source of iron.Read More
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characteristics and abilities for ferric chloride that set it far apart from the sulfate based coagulants. In typical plant situations one can expect to use about 30% less ferric chloride than aluminum sulfate ... with both slow and rapid sand filter filtration.Read More
Effective use of ferrous sulfate and alum as a coagulant in ...
EFFECTIVE USE OF FERROUS SULFATE AND ALUM AS A COAGULANT IN TREATMENT OF DAIRY INDUSTRY WASTEWATER ... Dairy plants need usually large quantities of clean water. ... filter alum or alumina sulphate. Coagulants react with availableRead More
Super-Chlorination With Ferrous Sulfate De-Chlorination
Super-Chlorination With Ferrous Sulfate De-Chlorination By Walter Strockbine ГТШЕ Maiden Creek Filter Plant at Reading, Pa., receives itsRead More
Ferrous sulphate,Miracle cure?,actwin.com
Ferrous sulphate,Miracle cure? To: Aquatic-Plants at actwin_com; Subject: Ferrous sulphate ... The Recipe I had some ferrous sulphate ... The fish were OK. The finer leaved plants and mosses had acted as filters and were coated in orange, but a shake dislodged this. The filter did the rest.Read More
Treatment for ferrous iron,ferric iron,iron treatment
Ferrous iron and ferric iron are the most common forms and each one has unique characteristics that may give you clues as to what type you have. ... As the oxidized iron is trapped and collects in the filter, the water pressure to the home will be reduced.Read More
Dried Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate,QC Corporation
QC Corporation offers Dried Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate which can be shipped in 50 ... Sulfate is being pumped or sprayed in a liquid form due to the insolubility of calcium carbonate which can clog filters, ... OH plant, we segregate raw materials from a select group of steel pickling ...Read More
: Iron Granules,(20% Ferrous Sulfate),5 Pound ...
Correct Iron deficiency in acid loving & tropical plants; Acidifies soil, lowers pH, and corrects high alkalinity; 4 new from $11.46. Add to Cart. ... CONTAINS: 20% Iron from Ferrous Sulfate. USE ON: Lawns, shrubs, trees and gardens.Read More
Iron Sulfate Water Soluble Powder Ferrous Sulfate 5 Lbs,eBay
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The Sodium Sulfide/Ferrous Sulfate Metal Treatment Process
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Chlorite Reduction,mixed disinfectants
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Well Water Sulfate Removal,Whole House Sulfate Filter ...
Europe & Africa: 220V/50 Hz Sulfate filter models for overseas power are also available from RainDance Water Systems & Sulfate Treatment. The ... Packaged well water filter systems designed to filter Ferrous Iron (clear water iron), Manganese ...Read More
Hydrogen Sulfide,Wellowner.org
Water that is giving off a distinctive smell is most likely contaminated with hydrogen sulfide. Wellowner.org Informing consumers about ... The bacteria use sulfur from decaying plants and other organic matter in oxygen ... Activated carbon filters can be effective when hydrogen sulfide ...Read More
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Ekonomy Hotel Myeongdong premier
Select your stay dates to check availability at Ekonomy Hotel Myeongdong premier
Ekonomy Hotel Myeongdong premier
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Ekonomy Hotel Myeongdong premier, you'll be centrally located in Seoul, steps from Seoul Global Culture & Tourism Center and minutes from Myeongdong Nanta Theatre. This hotel is close to Gyeongbok Palace and Dongdaemun Market.
Make yourself at home in one of the 32 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with showers feature slippers and hair dryers.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Take in the views from a rooftop terrace and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access and tour/ticket assistance.
A complimentary continental breakfast is served daily.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, express check-out, and luggage storage.
Hotel Facilities
- Free breakfast
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Express check-out
- Rooftop terrace
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Total number of rooms - 32
- Free WiFi
- Smoke-free property
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Luggage storage
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Elevator/lift
Room Facilities
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Shower only
- Slippers
- Private bathroom
- Air conditioning
- Free WiFi
- Cable TV service
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Flat-panel TV
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- One child 5 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


text:
IELTS: Speaking
Activities and suggestions to help students deal with the speaking component of the IELTS exam.
My own students have often come to me after having taken the IELTS exam and said such things as "I could have done better" or "I just couldn't think about what to say at the time" - some admit to having been overcome by nerves. The speaking test can be both frustrating and nerve wrecking for candidates.
IELTS candidates are assessed on their actual performance in an interview that shouldn't last any longer than 14 minutes. To someone having to do a speaking test in a foreign language, 14 minutes may seem like a long time but in fact it is a very short time for a candidate to really show off their English speaking ability and perform at their best.
These classroom activities have been designed to help candidates for all parts of the speaking test.
Readers' comments (11)
Hi Quyen,
Many thanks for your feedback. It has been passed on to our commissioning team.
Best wishes,
The onestopenglish team
Dear Web Editor,
I do hope that you can help us with activities for speaking part 1 on topics-based way. That way would really helps us, as new teachers of IELTS, have a better picture of speaking part 1 of IELTS.
Hope to hear very soon from you.
Best Quyen
Please do let us know which activites you are looking for or trying to find and we will do our best to help you.
Activities I need today, and I cant find them. I am sure other providers have them, I think I will make a change today.
This page is an article page, so the activities can be found directly on the page and there are no lesson plans attached. For example, the information for Part 2 of the speaking test can be found on the page 'IELTS: Speaking 3: Preparation for part 2'. I hope this helps. If this is not what you were looking for, please let us know.
There is not any lesson plan or detailed activity for a single topic in Speaking Part 2!!!
Please fix this soon (although this website section was warned of bad quality three years ago...)
Previously, the five pages you can now see above these comments were placed below them, making them difficult to find (although, Sazzleberry did point this out - thanks!).
We have now managed to make changes to the site so your ratings and comments always appear at the bottom of every page - so they will no longer push our resources down to a place where you can't see them.
Could someone respond to Dave's comment, please (above) as there are still no activities and like Dave, I also paid for this website, so get your finger out!
I cannot find the activities I need quickly. I am looking for IELTS Speaking activities for my students and I am having great difficulty navigating my way around your site!
try looking below :)
View results 10 per page | 20 per page
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text:
CANCELED: On Not Being at Home, Part 3: The Colors of the Mountain
David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies,
1730 Cambridge Street
Cambridge MA
This event has been canceled.
So much of Doris Salcedo's work engages with the imminent threat of leaving—leaving one's home, leaving one's personal belongings and shelter, leaving this world, leaving loved ones behind. Forced migration and its consequences figure prominently in her work; beyond focusing on the causes of migration, such as political violence, she examines the experience as a social phenomenon. Her works explore how people come to terms with this reality and how spaces mutate to reflect the haunting state of loss.
During the run of the exhibition Doris Salcedo: The Materiality of Mourning (November 4, 2016–April 9, 2017), the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, the Harvard Film Archive, and the Harvard Art Museums collaborate to bring you a three-part film series that looks at the conditions behind displacement and forced migration, in Latin America in particular. Each screening will be followed by a discussion of the issues that the film confronts and the broader international migration crisis afflicting the world today.
About today's program:
Los Colores de la Montaña/The Colors of the Mountain (2010)
90 min., color; Colombia, Spanish (English subtitles)
Manuel, 9, has an old soccer ball he plays with every day in the countryside. He dreams of becoming a great goalkeeper. His wishes seem set to come true when Ernest, his father, gives him a new ball. But an accident sends the ball flying into a minefield. Despite the danger, Manuel refuses to abandon his treasure. He convinces his two friends Julián and Poca Luz to rescue it with him. Amid the adventures and kids' games, the signs of armed conflict start to appear in the lives of the inhabitants of "La Pradera."
Following the screening, there will be a Q&A with director Carlos César Arbeláez.
The screening will take place at the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, in the Tsai Auditorium. For more information, see the center's website.
Free admission
Support for this program is provided by the Richard L. Menschel Endowment Fund. Modern and contemporary art programs at the Harvard Art Museums are made possible in part by generous support from the Emily Rauh Pulitzer and Joseph Pulitzer, Jr., Fund for Modern and Contemporary Art.


text:
The Ministry for Gender Equality is offering cash to companies whose male employees pledge not to pay for sex after office parties.
Men are being urged to register on the ministry's website. The companies with most pledges will receive a reward.
Officials say they want to put an end to a culture in which men get drunk at parties and go on to buy sex.
But some critics have described the move as a waste of money.
Wednesday, December 27, 2006
South Koreans offered cash for no sex
South Korean men who stay away from sex with prostitutes can earn some some cash for the companies they work for, courtesy of their friendly government. From BBC:
Posted by I.Z. Reloaded at 7:29 PM
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Singapore License.


text:
Camps Bay
Camps Bay is an affluent suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. In the African winter it is a hotbed of European tourists as well as local South Africans down for a beach holiday. It hosts beach volleyball tournaments as well as a refreshing nightlife.The back of Table Mountain, the Table Mountain cableway and the Twelve Apostles Mountain Range form a backdrop to the Camps Bay family beach.
The surf is strong here and there is no resident lifeguard, but a rescue helicopter patrols regularly. The grass verge flanked by the Camps Bay tidal pool offers shady, wind-free barbecue spots. Trendy Shops, restaurants, a hotel, chemist, banks and police station are close to the beach.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camps_bay)Camps Bay has 2 beaches, Glen Beach and the Bigger Camps Bay Beach.
Camps Bay is named after an invalid sailor, Ernst Friedrich von Kamptz, who settled there in 1778.
Sea Point
Sea Point is a small but busy town, with chain stores, shops supplying a large range of goods, many popular restaurants and pubs and a large business sector.
During the apartheid era, especially in the late 1970's and 1980's, many black and coloured South Africans defied the Group Areas Act to live in Sea Point. As a result Sea Point is now home to many ethnic and religious groups, such as Jews, Coloureds, black South Africans and Nigerians.There is also visible gay community in the area.
Sea Point-especially the area below High Level Road- is regarded by some as a dangerous area and prone to more criminal activity than other "white" suburbs such as Rondebosch or Constantia.
During recent times there has been a major move by the Sea Point police to rid the area of criminals with astounding success.There has been an increase in police presence and extra patrol cars.
Many foreigners see it as an place of urban rejuvenation and there are several Dutch, German and British owned properties.
Sea Point is situated on a small strech of land between a mountain and the sea. As a result, space is at a premium and- unlike other "white" suburbs in Cape Town- houses are built closely together, there are more blocks of flats and there are less public spaces. The most important communal space is the beachfront Promenade. This a paved walkway along the beachfront used by residents and tourists.
Ships entering the harbour in Table Bay from the east coast of Africa have to round the coast at Sea Point and over the years many of them have come to grief on the reefs just off shore. In May 1954, during a great storm, the "Basuto Coast" (246 tonnes) ended up on the rocks within a few metres of the concrete wall of the promenade. (http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Ridge/2216/text/MARITIME.TXT).
A fireman who came to the assistance of the crew was swept off the wall of the swimming pool adjacent to the promenade by waves and was never seen again. The vessel was soon cut up and carried away for scrap. In July 1966 a large trader, the "S.A. Sea Farer", was stranded on the rocks only a couple of hundred metres from the main road through the suburb (ibid). The stranding was the cause of one of Cape Town's earliest great environmental scares, because the cargo included drums of tetramethyl lead and tetraethyl lead, volatile and highly toxic compounds that were in those days added to certain motor fuels. The ship was gradually destroyed by the huge swells that habitually roll in from the south Atlantic.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Point)
Bantry Bay
Bantry Bay is a suburb of Cape Town situated on the slopes of Lion's Head and overlooking a rocky coastline, Western Cape Province, South Africa. It was originally called Botany Bay after a botanical garden that was planted here for the cultivation of medicinal herbs.It has a unique little beach called Saunders' Rocks which has a lovely tidal pool for safe bathing.
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text:
Here is another very simple layout that I taught in my I Heart Cricut 101 class at Pages In Progress. This layout is from the February class, and again features my cute little nephew. Patterned paper is Deja Views. All cuts were made with the George and Basic Shapes cartridge. The square is a journaling pocket that holds a star-shaped tag that says "You looked so cute in your birthday suit!"
Monday, April 21, 2008
Labels: cricut, Deja Views, george and basic shapes
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text:
Korn: The Path of Totality Tour Trailer (2012)
"ROCK CHANGES AGAIN" 04 September 2012 Music
To celebrate the release of their tenth studio album, The Path Of Totality, legendary rockers performed live to a sold-out crowd, at the famed Hollywood Palladium. With this album, changed the rock landscape again - with a genre-defying foray into electronic and dubstep music, mixed with the innovative brand of metal helped create. This performance showcases the band in top form, highlighting landmark songs such as "Freak On A Leash" and "Falling Away From Me" as well as new smash hits including "Get Up!" and "Narcissistic Cannibal." Joining onstage were several of the DJs who collaborated on The Path Of Totality, including Skrillex, 12th Planet, Flinch, Downlink, Excision, Datsik and Kill The Noise. This once in a lifetime concert was captured in 3D and recorded in 5.1 Surround Sound for Korn fans to enjoy for years to come!
Watch the official Korn: The Path of Totality Tour 2012 trailer in HD below or find more Korn: The Path of Totality Tour videos on Vidimovie.


text:
You must register to post or download hacks.
If you are having any issues, shoot us an email, Contact MPGH Support.
As always, have fun and enjoy your stay!
- MPGH Staff
Originally Posted by Jarppi
on the forum, the Gm rumodred it will be there for the all chrismas, about two weeks or the whole month
Originally Posted by Vocal
UP TO 75% off
yh, as usual, nexon will fuck somewhat something
um good idea for u get no recoil and use ak :0
Originally Posted by devonvanh7
um good idea for u get no recoil and use ak :0
Whats the point of getting a perm if you're gunna get banned? O.o
Perma AK-47.
Originally Posted by Bombsaway707
Lol 100% off...
That means something shitty.
m4a1. I don't need either... =/ Im legit and i have a perm ak74m and a sopmod for like 6 more months.
Gift from ImmaNinja555
Asking Alexandria
Originally Posted by Jarppi
X400% exp instead of X4 exp


text:
www.voksenchem.comExport Departmentalice wangPhone: 86 - 393 - 6661112/86 - 15703993927Fax: 86 - 393 - 6661112
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Petroleum resin petroleum resin,Light color,Transparent, lwo smell and low volatileness,Better fluidity,Excellent anti-aging property Product Name: Petroleum ResinCas No.: CAS:68131-77-164742-16-1C9 Petroleum Resin :Character: It is aromatic hydrocarbon resin, light yellow granular, with good transparency and luster, good solubility, compatibility, aqueous stability, insulation and chemical stability, and with good adhesiveness and heat conductivity.Usage: 1. Coating production: Used in paint and reinforced latex coating, also applied in oil soluble coating. 2. Rubber treatment: Used as adhesion booster. 3. Adhesive production: Used in adhesive, especially for melting glue and pressure-sensitive glue. 4. Printing ink production: It can be dissolved in hydrocarbon resin, it owns high soft point and stable performance, so it can be used in ink. 5. Paper making industry: Used in paper sizing agent. 6. Other application Used as oil field water treatment agent slurry additives, pitch modified agent. C5 Petroleum Resin: Character: It is transparent and light yellow granular. Besides the excellent qualities I. E., solubility, compatibility, adhesiveness, resistance for water, weather and heat it possesses, it stands chemically stable with things, such as acid, alkali. Usage: 1. Road marking paint: It can improve on the brightness, bonding, water and weather-resistance and may perfection for the dispersing and drying of any pigments. 2. Rubber: It goes compatible with both natural and synthetic rubber and characterized as adhesive, softening and reinforcement, it functions as an ideal for manufacturing of tyres and processing of any rubbers. 3. Adhesive: It is compatible well with high polymerization based subst`ances, and is characteristic of excellent and stable bonding and heat resistance and changes retardant with both time and temperature. Other application: It is also widely used in fields of oil ink, paper bonding, sealant etc.Storage: Keep it in cool, breezy warehouse, avoid direct sun.Specification: (C9/C5)C9 Color (in 50 Percent Toluene)from No 3 to No.6 Soften Point (DC)80-90100+/-5110+/-5120+/-5130+/-5over 130 Acid value (mgKOH/g)0.5max Iodine value (g I2/100g)60-120 Ash value0.1 Percent max. PH value6-8C5 Color (in 50 Percent Toluene)No.4-5Soften Point (DC)80-90 90-100 100-110 110-120Acid value (mg/KOH/g)0.5 Percent max.Iodine value (g I2/100g)20/120Ash value0.1 Percent max.
View All Products posted by
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text:
WordPress is a free, open-source Web application that you can use to quickly and easily set up a blog. The creators of WordPress have made it relatively easy to customize individual sections of the themes you select for your blog. For instance, you can put ads within your blog's footer area by editing the footer template using WordPress' built-in text editor. Once you update your site, your ads will appear in the footers throughout your blog.
1. Log into your WordPress blog.
2. Click the "Appearance" menu option on the Dashboard and select the "Editor" menu option.
3. Click on the "Footer" link in the Templates list on the right.
4. Click inside the editor containing the code for the footer. Scroll down until you reach the "" tag. Press the "Enter" key several times to make some space above the "" tag.
5. Type in or copy and paste the code for your ad into the blank spaces above the "" tag.
6. Click the "Update" button to save your changes. This commits the ad code to the theme.
7. Click on the name of you blog on the upper-left side of the Dashboard, next to the WordPress logo. This will give you a view of your WordPress blog with the ad included in the footer.
- Add formatting to your footer ad to improve its placement and appearance. Use cascading style sheet, or CSS, formatting to center the ad or pad it within the footer area margins. You can sometimes use CSS to change font type, color and size.
- Some ads contain code that may be incompatible with WordPress software or the theme you chose for your blog. Test the code by viewing the way your blog looks on the homepage or landing page as well as some individual blog posts and blog pages. In addition, you should view your blog with as many different Web browsers as possible. Your blog may look fine using Internet Explorer or Opera, but Safari, Firefox or Chrome may not render your work in the way you intended.
Photo Credits
- Thinkstock Images/Comstock/Getty Images


text:
A fast, flexible, and comprehensive framework for quantitative text analysis in R. Provides functionality for corpus management, creating and manipulating tokens and ngrams, exploring keywords in context, forming and manipulating sparse matrices of documents by features and feature co-occurrences, analyzing keywords, computing feature similarities and distances, applying content dictionaries, applying supervised and unsupervised machine learning, visually representing text and text analyses, and more.
See the new, upcoming major API changes, to be incorporated into the next minor version 0.9.9 and for CRAN, in a "1.0" release.
See the Getting Started Vignette.
An R package for managing and analyzing text, by Ken Benoit and Paul Nulty.
quanteda makes it easy to manage texts in the form of a corpus, defined as a collection of texts that includes document-level variables specific to each text, as well as meta-data for documents and for the collection as a whole. quanteda includes tools to make it easy and fast to manuipulate the texts in a corpus, by performing the most common natural language processing tasks simply and quickly, such as tokenizing, stemming, or forming ngrams. quanteda's functions for tokenizing texts and forming multiple tokenized documents into a document-feature matrix are both extremely fast and extremely simple to use. quanteda can segment texts easily by words, paragraphs, sentences, or even user-supplied delimiters and tags.
Built on the text processing functions in the stringi package, which is in turn built on C++ implementation of the ICU libraries for Unicode text handling, quanteda pays special attention to fast and correct implementation of Unicode and the handling of text in any character set, following conversion internally to UTF-8.
quanteda is built for efficiency and speed, through its design around three infrastructures: the stringi package for text processing, the data.table package for indexing large documents efficiently, and the Matrix package for sparse matrix objects. If you can fit it into memory, quanteda will handle it quickly. (And eventually, we will make it possible to process objects even larger than available memory.)
quanteda is principally designed to allow users a fast and convenient method to go from a corpus of texts to a selected matrix of documents by features, after defining and selecting the documents and features. The package makes it easy to redefine documents, for instance by splitting them into sentences or paragraphs, or by tags, as well as to group them into larger documents by document variables, or to subset them based on logical conditions or combinations of document variables. The package also implements common NLP feature selection functions, such as removing stopwords and stemming in numerous languages, selecting words found in dictionaries, treating words as equivalent based on a user-defined "thesaurus", and trimming and weighting features based on document frequency, feature frequency, and related measures such as tf-idf.
Once constructed, a quanteda "dfm"" can be easily analyzed using either quanteda's built-in tools for scaling document positions, or used with a number of other text analytic tools, such as:
topic models (including converters for direct use with the topicmodels, LDA, and stm packages)
document scaling (using quanteda's own functions for the "wordfish" and "Wordscores" models, direct use with the ca package for correspondence analysis, or scaling with the austin package)
machine learning through a variety of other packages that take matrix or matrix-like inputs.
Additional features of quanteda include:
the ability to explore texts using key-words-in-context;
fast computation of a variety of readability indexes;
fast computation of a variety of lexical diversity measures;
quick computation of word or document association measures, for clustering or to compute similarity scores for other purposes; and
a comprehensive suite of descriptive statistics on text such as the number of sentences, words, characters, or syllables per document.
Planned features coming soon to quanteda are:
bootstrapping methods for texts that makes it easy to resample texts from pre-defined units, to facilitate computation of confidence intervals on textual statistics using techniques of non-parametric bootstrapping, but applied to the original texts as data.
expansion of predictive and analytic methods called through the standard interface called
textmodel(). Current model types include correspondence analysis, "Wordscores", "Wordfish", and Naive Bayes.
Addition of settings to corpus projects, that will propogate through downstream objects.
Addition of a history that will propogate through downstream objects.
Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the European Research Council grant ERC-2011-StG 283794-QUANTESS.
As of version 0.8.0, the GitHub master repository will always contain the development version of quanteda, while the CRAN version will contain the latest "stable" version. You therefore have two options for installing the package:
From CRAN, using your R package installer, or simply
(For the development version) From GitHub, using
Because this compiles some C++ source code, you will need a compiler installed. If you are using a Windows platform, this means you will need also to install the Rtools software available from CRAN. If you are using OS X, you will need to to install XCode, available for free from the App Store, or if you prefer a lighter footprint set of tools, just the Xcode command line tools, using the command
xcode-select --install from the Terminal.
(Optional) You can install some additional corpus data from quantedaData using
library(quanteda)#> quanteda version 0.9.9.2#> #> Attaching package: 'quanteda'#> The following object is masked from 'package:base':#> #> sample# create a corpus from the immigration texts from UK party platformsuk2010immigCorpus <- corpus(ukimmigTexts, docvars=data.frame(party=names(ukimmigTexts)), notes="Immigration-related sections of 2010 UK party manifestos", enc="UTF-8")#> Warning in corpus.character(ukimmigTexts, docvars = data.frame(party =#> names(ukimmigTexts)), : Argument enc not used.uk2010immigCorpus#> Corpus consisting of 9 documents and 1 docvar.summary(uk2010immigCorpus, showmeta=TRUE)#> Corpus consisting of 9 documents.#> #> Text Types Tokens Sentences party#> BNP 1126 3330 88 BNP#> Coalition 144 268 4 Coalition#> Conservative 252 503 15 Conservative#> Greens 325 687 21 Greens#> Labour 296 703 29 Labour#> LibDem 257 499 14 LibDem#> PC 80 118 5 PC#> SNP 90 136 4 SNP#> UKIP 346 739 27 UKIP#> #> Source: /Users/kbenoit/Dropbox (Personal)/GitHub/quanteda/* on x86_64 by kbenoit#> Created: Wed Oct 19 19:51:22 2016#> Notes: Immigration-related sections of 2010 UK party manifestos # key words in context for "deport", 3 words of contextkwic(uk2010immigCorpus, "deport", 3)#> contextPre keyword contextPost#> [BNP, 159] The BNP will [ deport ] all foreigners convicted#> [BNP, 1970] . 2. [ Deport ] all illegal immigrants #> [BNP, 1976] immigrants We shall [ deport ] all illegal immigrants #> [BNP, 2621] Criminals We shall [ deport ] all criminal entrants # create a dfm, removing stopwordsmydfm <- dfm(uk2010immigCorpus, ignoredFeatures=c("will", stopwords("english")))#> Creating a dfm from a corpus ...#> #> ... lowercasing#> #> ... tokenizing#> #> ... indexing documents: 9 documents#> #> ... indexing features:#> 1,585 feature types#> #> ...#> removed 97 features, from 175 supplied (glob) feature types#> ... created a 9 x 1489 sparse dfm#> ... complete. #> Elapsed time: 0.03 seconds.dim(mydfm) # basic dimensions of the dfm#> [1] 9 1489topfeatures(mydfm, 20) # 20 top words#> immigration british people asylum britain uk #> 66 37 35 29 28 27 #> system population country new immigrants ensure #> 27 21 20 19 17 17 #> shall citizenship social national bnp illegal #> 17 16 14 14 13 13 #> work percent #> 13 12plot(mydfm, min.freq = 6, random.order = FALSE) # word cloud
In-depth tutorials in the form of a gitbook will be available here here.
Examples for any function can also be seen using (for instance, for
There are also some demo functions that show off some of the package capabilities, such as
textfile(). (#147)
plot.kwic(). (#146)
convert(x, to = "stm") for dfm export, including adding an argument for meta-data (docvars, in quanteda parlance). (#209)
textfile(), now supports more file types, more wildcard patterns, and is far more robust generally.
format keyword for loading dictionaries (#227)
messages() to display messages rather than
print or
punctuation argument to
collocations() to provide new options for handling collocations separated by punctuation characters (#220).
selectFeatures.dfm() that ignored
case_insensitive = TRUE settings (#251)
correct the documentation for this function.
tf(x, scheme = "propmax") that returned a wrong computation;
correct the documentation for this function.
phrasetotoken() where if pattern included a
+ for
valuetype = c("glob", "fixed") it threw a regex error. #239
textfile() where source is a remote .zip set. (#172)
wordstem.dfm() that caused an error if supplied a dfm with a feature whose total frequency
count was zero, or with a feature whose total docfreq was zero. Fixes #181.
wordstem.dfm(), introduced in fixing #181.
toLower = argument in
textfile (#221).
dictionary() now works correctly when reading LIWC dictionaries where all terms belong to one key (#229).
warn = FALSE to the
readLines() calls in
textfile(), so that no warnings are issued when files are read that are missing a final EOL or that contain embedded nuls.
trim() now prints an output message even when no features are removed (#223)
Improved Naive Bayes model and prediction,
textmodel(x, y, method = "NB"), now works correctly on k > 2.
Improved tag handling for segment(x, what = "tags")
Added valuetype argument to segment() methods, which allows faster and more robust segmentation on large texts.
corpus() now converts all hyphen-like characters to simple hyphen
segment.corpus() now preserves all existing docvars.
corpus documentation now removes the description of the corpus object's structure since too many users were accessing these internal elements directly, which is strongly discouraged, as we are likely to change the corpus internals (soon and often). Repeat after me: "encapsulation".
Improve robustness of
corpus.VCorpus() for constructing a corpus from a tm Corpus object.
Add UTF-8 preservation to ngrams.cpp.
Fix encoding issues for textfile(), improve functionality.
Added two data objects: Moby Dick is now available as
mobydickText, without needing to access a zipped text file;
encodedTextFiles.zip is now a zipped archive of different encodings of (mainly) the UN Declaration of Human Rights, for testing conversions from 8-bit encodings in different (non-Roman) languages.
phrasetotoken() now has a method correctly defined for corpus class objects.
lexdiv() now works just like readability(), and is faster (based on data.table) and the code is simpler.
removed quanteda::df() as a synonym for docfreq(), as this conflicted with stats::df().
added version information when package is attached.
improved rbind() and cbind() methods for dfm. Both now take any length sequence of dfms and perform better type checking.
rbind.dfm() also knits together dfms with different features, which can be useful for information and retrieval purposes or machine learning.
selectFeatures(x, anyDfm) (where the second argument is a dfm) now works with a selection = "remove" option.
tokenize.character adds a removeURL option.
added a corpus method for data.frame objects, so that a corpus can be constructed directly from a data.frame. Requires the addition of a
textField argument (similar to textfile).
compress.dfm() to combine identically named columns or rows. #123
Much better
phrasetotoken(), with additional methods for all combinations of corpus/character v. dictionary/character/collocations.
Added a
weight(x, type, ...) signature where the second argument can be a named numeric vector of weights, not just a label for a type of weight. Thanks http://stackoverflow.com/questions/36815926/assigning-weights-to-different-features-in-r/36823475#36823475.
as.data.frame for dfms now passes
... to
Fixed bug in
predict.fitted_textmodel_NB() that caused a failure with k > 2 classes (#129)
dfm.tokenizedTexts() performance by taking care of zero-token documents more efficiently.
dictionary(file = "liwc_formatted_dict.dic", format = "LIWC") now handles poorly formatted dictionary files better, such as the Moral Foundations Dictionary in the examples for
as.tokenizedTexts to coerce any list of characters to a tokenizedTexts object.
Fix bug in phrasetotoken, signature 'corpus,ANY' that was causing an infinite loop.
Fixed bug introduced in commit b88287f (0.9.5-26) that caused a failure in dfm() with empty (zero-token) documents. Also fixes Issue #168.
Fixed bug that caused dfm() to break if no features or only one feature was found.
Fixed bug in predict.fitted_textmodel_NB() that caused a failure with k > 2 classes (#129)
Fixed a false-alarm warning message in textmodel_wordfish()
Argument defaults for readability.corpus() now same as readability.character(). Fixes #107.
Fixed a bug causing LIWC format dictionary imports to fail if extra characters followed the closing % in the file header.
Fixed a bug in applyDictionary(x, dictionary, exclusive = FALSE) when the dictionary produced no matches at all, caused by an attempt to negative index a NULL. #115
Fixed #117, a bug where wordstem.tokenizedTexts() removed attributes from the object, causing a failure of dfm.tokenizedTexts().
Fixed #119, a bug in selectFeatures.tokenizedTexts(x, features, selection = "remove") that returned a NULL for a document's tokens when no matching pattern for removal was found.
Improved the behaviour of the
removeHyphens option to
tokenize() when
what = "fasterword" or
what "fastestword".
readability() now returns measures in order called, not function definition order.
textmodel(x, model = "wordfish") now removes zero-frequency documents and words prior to calling Rcpp.
Fixed a bug in sample.corpus() that caused an error when no docvars existed. #128
Added presidents' first names to inaugCorpus
Added textmodel implementation of multinomial and Bernoulli Naive Bayes.
Improved documentation.
c.corpus() method for concatenating arbitarily large sets of corpus objects.
Default for
similarity() is now
margin = "documents" -- prevents overly massive results if
selection = NULL.
rowMeans() and
colMeans() methods for dfm objects.
Enhancements to summary.character() and summary.corpus(): Added n = to summary.character(); added pass-through options to tokenize() in summary.corpus() and summary.character() methods; added toLower as an argument to both.
Enhancements to corpus object indexing, including [[ and [[<-.
Fixed a bug preventing
smoother() from working.
Fixed a bug in segment.corpus(x, what = "tag") that was failing to recover the tag values after the first text.
Fix bug in
plot.dfm(x, comparison = TRUE) method causing warning about rowMeans() failing.
Fixed an issue for
mfdict <- dictionary(file = "http://ow.ly/VMRkL", format = "LIWC") causing it to fail
because of the irregular combination of tabs and spaces in the dictionary file.
Fixed an exception thrown by wordstem.character(x) if one element of x was NA.
dfm() on a text or tokenized text containing an NA element now returns a row with 0 feature counts. Previously it returned a count of 1 for an NA feature.
Fix issue #91 removeHyphens = FALSE not working in tokenise for some multiple intra-word hyphens, such as "one-of-a-kind"
Fixed a bug in
as.matrix.similMatrix() that caused scrambled conversion when feature sets compared were unequal, which
normally occurs when setting
similarity(x, n = <something>) when n < nfeature(x)
Fixed a bug in which a corpusSource object (from
textfile()) with empty docvars prevented this argument
from being supplied to
corpus(corpusSourceObject, docvars = something).
Fixed inaccurate documentation for
weight(), which previously listed unavailable options.
More accurate and complete documentation for
traps an exception when calling wordstem.tokenizedTexts(x) where x was not word tokenized.
Fixed a bug in
textfile() that prevented passthrough arguments in ..., such as
fileEncoding = or
encoding =
Fixed a bug in
textfile() that caused exceptions with input documents containing docvars when there was only a single column of docvars (such as .csv files)
added new methods for similarity(), including sparse matrix computation for method = "correlation" and "cosine". (More planned soon.) Also allows easy conversion to a matrix using as.matrix() on similarity lists.
more robust implementation of LIWC-formatted dictionary file imports
better implementation of tf-idf, and relative frequency weighting, especially for very large sparse matrix objects. tf(), idf(), and tfidf() now provide relative term frequency, inverse document frequency, and tf-idf directly.
textmodel_wordfish() now accepts an integer
dispersionFloor argument to constrain the phi parameter
to a minimium value (of underdispersion).
textfile() now takes a vector of filenames, if you wish to construct these yourself. See ?textfile examples.
removeFeatures() and selectFeatures.collocations() now all use a consistent interface and same underlying code, with removeFeatures() acting as a wrapper to selectFeatures().
convert(x, to = "stm") now about 3-4x faster because it uses index positions from the dgCMatrix to convert to the sparse matrix format expected by stm.
Fixed a bug in textfile() preventing encodingFrom and encodingTo from working properly.
Fixed a nasty bug problem in
convert(x, to = "stm") that mixed up the word indexes. Thanks Felix Haass for
spotting this!
Fixed a problem where wordstem was not working on ngram=1 tokenied objects
Fixed toLower(x, keepAcronyms = TRUE) that caused an error when x contained no acronyms.
Creating a corpus from a tm VCorpus now works if a "document" is a vector of texts rather than a single text
Fixed a bug in texts(x, groups = MORE THAN ONE DOCVAR) that now groups correctly on combinations of multiple groups
trim() now accepts proportions in addition to integer thresholds. Also accepts a new sparsity argument, which works like tm's removeSparseTerms(x, sparse = ) (for those who really want to think of sparsity this way).
[i] and [i, j] indexing of corpus objects is now possible, for extracting texts or docvars using convenient notation. See ?corpus Details.
ngrams() and skipgrams() now use the same underlying function, with
skip replacing the previous
window argument (where a skip = window - 1). For efficiency, both are now implemented in C++.
tokenize() has a new argument, removeHyphens, that controls the treatment of intra-word hyphens.
Added new measures from readability for mean syllables per word and mean words per sentence directly.
wordstem now works on ngrams (tokenizedTexts and dfm objects).
Enhanced operation of kwic(), including the definition of a kwic class object, and a plot method for this object (produces a dispersion plot).
Lots more error checking of arguments passed to ... (and potentially misspecified or misspelled). Addresses Issue #62.
Almost all methods are now methods defined for objects, from a generic.
texts(x, groups = ) now allows groups to be factors, not just document variable labels. There is a new method for texts.character(x, groups = ) which is useful for supplying a factor to concatenate character objects by group.
corrected inaccurate printing of valuetype in verbose note of selectFeatures.dfm(). (Did not affect functionality.)
fixed broken quanteda.R demo, expanded demonstration code.
removeFeatures.dfm(x, stopwords), selectFeatures.dfm(x, features), and dfm(x, ignoredFeatures) now work on objects created with ngrams. (Any ngram containing a stopword is removed.) Performance on these functions is already good but will be improved further soon.
selectFeatures(x, features = ) is now possible, to produce a selection of features from x identical to those in . Not only are only features kept in x that are in , but also fatures in not in x are added to x as padded zero counts. This functionality can also be accessed via dfm(x, keptFeatures = ). This is useful when new data used in a test set needs to have identical features as a training set dfm constructed at an earlier stage.
head.dfm() and tail.dfm() methods added.
kwic() has new formals and new functionality, including a completely flexible set of matching for phrases, as well as control over how the texts and matching keyword(s) are tokenized.
segment(x, what = "sentence"), and changeunits(x, to = "sentences") now uses tokenize(x, what = "sentence"). Annoying warning messages now gone.
smoother() and weight() formal "smooth" now changed to "smoothing" to avoid clashes with stats::smooth().
corpus.VCorpus() to work with recent updates to the tm package.
added print method for tokenizedTexts
fixed signature error message caused by
weight(x, "relFreq") and
weight(x, "tfidf"). Both now correctly produce objects of class dfmSparse.
fixed bug in dfm(, keptFeatures = "whatever") that passed it through as a glob rather than a regex to selectFeatures(). Now takes a regex, as per the manual description.
fixed textfeatures() for type json, where now it can call jsonlite::fromJSON() on a file directly.
dictionary(x, format = "LIWC") now expanded to 25 categories by default, and handles entries that are listed on multiple lines in .dic files, such as those distributed with the LIWC.
ngrams() rewritten to accept fully vectorized arguments for
n and for
window, thus implementing "skip-grams".
Separate function skipgrams() behaves in the standard "skipgram" fashion.
bigrams(), deprecated since 0.7, has been removed from the namespace.
corpus() no longer checks all documents for text encoding; rather, this is now based on a random sample of max()
wordstem.dfm() both faster and more robust when working with large objects.
toLower.NULL() now allows toLower() to work on texts with no words (returns NULL for NULL input)
textfile() now works on zip archives of *.txt files, although this may not be entirely portable.
fixed bug in selectFeatures() / removeFeatures() that returned zero features if no features were found matching removal pattern
corpus() previously removed document names, now fixed
non-portable \donttest{} examples now removed completely from all documentation
0.8.2-1: Changed R version dependency to 3.2.0 so that Mac binary would build on CRAN.
sample.corpus() now samples documents from a corpus, and
sample.dfm() samples documents
or features from a dfm.
trim() method for with
nsample argument now calls
sample.corpus() now samples documents from a corpus, and
sample.dfm() samples documents
or features from a dfm.
trim() method for with
nsample argument now calls
tokenize improvements for what = "sentence": more robust to specifying options, and does not split sentences after common abbreviations such as "Dr.", "Prof.", etc.
corpus() no longer automatically converts encodings detected as non-UTF-8, as this detection is too imprecise.
new function
scrabble() computes English Scrabble word values for any text, applying any summary numerical function.
dfm() now 2x faster, replacing previous data.table matching with direct construction of sparse matrix from match().
Code is also much simpler, based on using three new functions that are also available directly:
subset.corpus() related to environments that sometimes caused the method to break if
nested in function environments.
ignoredFeatures and
removeFeatures() applied to ngrams; change behaviour of stem = TRUE applied to ngrams (in
The workflow is now more logical and more streamlined, with a new workflow vignette as well as a design vignette explaining the principles behind the workflow and the commands that encourage this workflow. The document also details the development plans and things remaining to be done on the project.
Newly rewritten command encoding() detects encoding for character, corpus, and corpusSource objects (created by textfile). When creating a corpus using corpus(), detection is automatic to UTF-8 if an encoding other than UTF-8, ASCII, or ISO-8859-1 is detected.
The tokenization, cleaning, lower-casing, and dfm construction functions now use the
stringi package, based on the ICU library. This results not only in substantial speed improvements,
but also more correctly handles Unicode characters and strings.
tokenize() and clean() now using stringi, resulting in much faster performance and more consistent behaviour across platforms.
tokenize() now works on sentences
summary.corpus() and summary.character() now use the new tokenization functions for counting tokens
dfm(x, dictionary = mydict) now uses stringi and is both more reliable and many many times faster.
phrasetotoken() now using stringi.
removeFeatures() now using stringi and fixed binary matches on tokenized texts
textfile has a new option, cache = FALSE, for not writing the data to a temporary file, but rather storing the object in memory if that is preferred.
language() is removed. (See Encoding... section above for changes to encoding().)
new object encodedTexts contains some encoded character objects for testing.
ie2010Corpus now has UTF-8 encoded texts (previously was unicode escaped for non-ASCII characters)
texts() and docvars() methods added for corpusSource objects.
new methods for
tokenizedTexts objects:
removeFeatures(), and
syllables() is now much faster, using matching through
stringi and merging using
readability() to compute (fast!) readability indexes on a text or corpus
tokenize() now creates ngrams of any length, with two new arguments:
ngrams = and
concatenator = "_". The new arguments to
tokenize() can be passed through from
fixed a problem in
textfile() causing it to fail on Windows machines when loading
nsentence() was not counting sentences correctly if the text was lower-cased - now issues an error if no upper-case characters are detected. This was also causing readability() to fail.
added an ntoken() method for dfm objects.
fixed a bug wherein convert(anydfm, to="tm") created a DocumentTermMatrix, not a TermDocumentMatrix. Now correctly creates a TermDocumentMatrix. (Both worked previously in topicmodels::LDA() so many users may not notice the change.)
phrasetotokens works with dictionaries and collocations, to transform multi-word expressions into single tokens in texts or corpora
dictionaries now redefined as S4 classes
improvements to collocations(), now does not include tokens that are separated by punctuation
created tokenizeOnly*() functions, for testing tokenizing separately from cleaning, and a cleanC(), where both new separate functions are implemented in C
tokenize() now has a new option, cpp=TRUE, to use a C++ tokenizer and cleaner, resulting in much faster text tokenization and cleaning, including that used in dfm()
textmodel_wordfish now implemented entirely in C for speed. No std errors yet but coming soon. No predict method currently working either.
ie2010Corpus, and exampleString now moved into quanteda (formerly were only in quantedaData because of non-ASCII characters in each - solved with native2ascii and \uXXXX encodings).
All dependencies, even conditional, to the quantedaData and austin packages have been removed.
Many major changes to the syntax in this version.
trimdfm, flatten.dictionary, the textfile functions, dictionary converters are all gone from the NAMESPACE
formals changed a bit in clean(), kwic().
compoundWords() -> phrasetotoken()
Cleaned up minor issues in documentation.
countSyllables data object renamed to englishSyllables.Rdata, and function renamed to syllables().
stopwordsGet() changed to stopwords(). stopwordsRemove() changed to removeFeatures().
new dictionary() constructor function that also does import and conversion, replacing old readWStatdict and readLIWCdict functions.
one function to read in text files, called
textsource, that does the
work for different file types based on the filename extension, and works
also for wildcard expressions (that can link to directories for example)
dfm now sparse by default, implemented as subclasses of the Matrix package. Option dfm(..., matrixType="sparse") is now the default, although matrixType="dense" will still produce the old S3-class dfm based on a regular matrix, and all dfm methods will still work with this object.
Improvements to: weight(), print() for dfms.
New methods for dfms: docfreq(), weight(), summary(), as.matrix(), as.data.frame.
No more depends, all done through imports. Passes clean check. The start of our reliance more on the master branch rather than having merges from dev to master happen only once in a blue moon.
bigrams in dfm() when bigrams=TRUE and ignoredFeatures= now removed if any bigram contains an ignoredFeature
stopwordsRemove() now defined for sparse dfms and for collocations.
stopwordsRemove() now requires an explicit stopwords= argument, to emphasize the user's responsibility for applying stopwords.
New engine for dfm now implemented as standard, using data.table and Matrix for fast, efficient (sparse) matrixes.
Added trigram collocations (n=3) to collocations().
Improvements to clean(): Minor fixes to clean() so that removeDigits=TRUE removes €10bn entirely and not just the €10. clean() now removes http and https URLs by default, although does not preserve them (yet). clean also handles numbers better, to remove 1,000,000 and 3.14159 if removeDigits=TRUE but not crazy8 or 4sure.
dfm works for documents that contain no features, including for dictionary counts. Thanks to Kevin Munger for catching this.
first cut at REST APIs for Twitter and Facebook
some minor improvements to sentence segmentation
improvements to package dependencies and imports - but this is ongoing!
Added more functions to dfms, getting there...
Added the ability to segment a corpus on tags (e.g. ##TAG1 text text, ##TAG2) and have the document split using the tags as a delimiter and the tag then added to the corpus as a docvar.
added textmodel_lda support, including LDA, CTM, and STM. Added a converter dfm2stmformat() between dfm and stm's input format.
as.dfm works now for data.frame objects
added Arabic to list of stopwords. (Still working on a stemmer for Arabic.)
The first appearance of dfms(), to create a sparse Matrix using the Matrix package. Eventually this will become the default format for all but small dfms. Not only is this far more efficient, it is also much faster.
Minor speed gains for clean() -- but still much more work to be done with clean().
started textmodel_wordfish, textmodel_ca. textmodel_wordfish takes an mcmc argument that calls JAGS wordfish.
now depends on ca, austin rather than importing them
dfm subsetting with [,] now works
docnames()[], []<-, docvars()[] and []<- now work correctly
Added textmodel for scaling and prediction methods, including for starters, wordscores and naivebayes class models. LIKELY TO BE BUGGY AND QUIRKY FOR A WHILE.
Added smoothdfm() and weight() methods for dfms.
Fixed a bug in segmentSentence().
added compoundWords() to turn space-delimited phrases into single "tokens". Works with dfm(, dictionary=) if the text has been pre-processed with compoundWords() and the dictionary joins phrases with the connector ("_"). May add this functionality to be more automatic in future versions.
new keep argument for trimdfm() now takes a regular expression for which feature labels to retain. New defaults for minDoc and minCount (1 each).
added nfeature() method for dfm objects.
thesaurus: works to record equivalency classes as lists of words or regular expressions for a given key/label.
keep: regular expression pattern match for features to keep
added readLIWCdict() to read LIWC-formatted dictionaries
fixed a "bug"/feature in readWStatDict() that eliminated wildcards (and all other punctuation marks) - now only converts to lower.
improved clean() functions to better handle Twitter, punctuation, and removing extra whitespace
fixed broken dictionary option in dfm()
fixed a bug in dfm() that was preventing clean() options from being passed through
added Dice and point-wise mutual information as association measures for collocations()
added: similarity() to implement similarity measures for documents or features as vector representations
begun: implementing dfm resample methods, but this will need more time to work.
(Solution: a three way table where the third dim is the resampled text.)
added is.resample() for dfm and corpus objects
added Twitter functions: getTweets() performs a REST search through twitteR, corpus.twitter creates a corpus object with test and docvars form each tweet (operational but needs work)
added various resample functions, including making dfm a multi-dimensional object when created from a resampled corpus and dfm(, bootstrap=TRUE).
modified the print.dfm() method.
updated corpus.directory to allow specification of the file extension mask
updated docvars<- and metadoc<- to take the docvar names from the assigned data.frame if field is omitted.
added field to docvars()
enc argument in corpus() methods now actually converts from enc to "UTF-8"
started working on clean to give it exceptions for @ # _ for twitter text and to allow preservation of underscores used in bigrams/collocations.
Added: a
+ method for corpus objects, to combine a corpus using this operator.
Changed and fixed: collocations(), which was not only fatally slow and inefficient, but also wrong. Now is much faster and O(n) because it uses data.table and vector operations only.
Added: resample() for corpus texts.
added statLexdiv() to compute the lexical diversity of texts from a dfm.
minor bug fixes; update to print.corpus() output messages.
added a wrapper function for SnowballC::wordStem, called wordstem(), so that this can be imported without loading the whole package.
Added a corpus constructor method for the VCorpus class object from the tm package.
added zipfiles() to unzip a directory of text files from disk or a URL, for easy import into a corpus using corpus.directory(zipfiles())
Fixed all the remaining issues causing warnings in R CMD CHECK, now all are fixed.
Mostly these related to documentation.
Fixed corpus.directory to better implementing naming of docvars, if found.
Moved twitter.R to the R_NEEDFIXING until it can be made to pass tests. Apparently setup_twitter_oauth() is deprecated in the latest version of the twitteR package.
plot.dfm method for producing word clouds from dfm objects
print.dfm, print.corpus, and summary.corpus methods now defined
new accessor functions defined, such as docnames(), settings(), docvars(), metadoc(), metacorpus(), encoding(), and language()
replacement functions defined that correspond to most of the above accessor functions, e.g. encoding(mycorpus) <- "UTF-8"
segment(x, to=c("tokens", "sentences", "paragraphs", "other", ...) now provides an easy and powerful method for segmenting a corpus by units other than just tokens
a settings() function has been added to manage settings that would commonly govern how texts are converted for processing, so that these can be preserved in a corpus and applied to operations that are relevant. These settings also propagate to a dfm for both replication purposes and to govern operations for which they would be relevant, when applied to a dfm.
better ways now exist to manage corpus internals, such as through the accessor functions, rather than trying to access the internal structure of the corpus directly.
basic functions such as tokenize(), clean(), etc are now faster, neater, and operate generally on vectors and return consistent object types
the corpus object has been redesigned with more flexible components, including a settings list, better corpus-level metadata, and smarter implementation of document-level attributes including user-defined variables (docvars) and document- level meta-data (metadoc)
the dfm now has a proper class definition, including additional attributes that hold the settings used to produce the dfm.
all important functions are now defined as methods for classes of built-in (e.g. character) objects, or quanteda objects such as a corpus or dfm. Lots of functions operate on both, for instance dfm.corpus(x) and dfm.character(x).
all functions are now documented and have working examples
quanteda.pdf provides a pdf version of the function documentation in one easy-to-access document


text:
By Sean Pearson
Area: Half a field
Time: 20mins
Players: 6v6
• For players to understand the defensive shape of the style
• To frustrate the attacking team
Set Up:
The defending team sets up in a 4-2-3 or a 4-4-1. The attacking team is in a 4-3-3 formation without the 2 CB's. The attacking team is trying to score and the defending team is trying to stop them. If the attacking team score, they win, if the defending team don't concede they win.
Execution:The term parking the bus is considered a negative in today's game. It is considered a cheap tactic to stop another, probably a better, team from creating clear chances and scoring. Let's be honest, it's extremely hard to play against, and score, as well as highly frustrating. I for one can't stand playing against it but in my frustration, I have accepted that sometimes it is necessary. Now would I do it for younger players of 12 and under, no. Not even 13-15 however at 16+ it becomes a vital tool to use.
I do not advocate for it to be used all the time but in certain situations absolutely. What is the point of soccer at the top level? It is to win and nobody knows that better than Jose Mourinho. He does not care about people's opinions on what he does, he cares about the result. Now that might not be the case for 16-18 year old players but make no mistake about it, players at this age want to win. In fact, all players want to win at any level, its normal, its healthy and I think winning has become a dirty word that people are afraid to use in youth soccer anymore as it's all about development. Which I agree with but winning is development too. Do I think youth teams should win at all costs, no but its ok for coaches and players to want to win. You can do that and develop players at the same time.
Now, back from my little tangent. What 'parking the bus' is, is really players behind the ball in an organized fashion denying penetration through numbers. It also teaches players to be patient and encourages communication. So the way Mourinho 'parks the bus', as described in my article analysis the Liverpool v Man Utd game on Oct 17th 2016, is he has his wingers drop back so they are level with his back for, making a back line of 6. His back 4 become very narrow to deny space between each player along the back line and the #10 drops down to make a narrow midfield 3. Depending on where players are at certain times it might not always be the #10 in the middle but there a narrow midfield 3 nonetheless.
So, when the attacking team pass the ball around the defending team should look like below. The role of the defending team is to allow the attacking team as much time as possible with the ball when they have the ball ahead of them but to remain organized and close together. The reason for being so close together is if one players does get beat there is a 2nd then a 3rd and even 4th player close by something even Messi would struggle with. The likely hood of quick, accurate 1 or 2 touch passing to penetrate the sheer tight nit numbers is extremely low.
When the attacking team slides the ball over to one side to avoid the 3 midfielders in the middle, the whole team slides with the ball to outnumber the attackers on that side. Even with a more attacking formation of a 4-3-3, there are 2 strikers and attacking midfielder and an advanced full back all forward but there are 7 defenders to their 4. Then there is a GK to get past.
If the attacking team tries to switch the ball via a U shape or long diagonal, because there are 6 players in the back line it is easy for them to engage quickly with the opposite side.
• When the defending team win the ball allow them to play forward and see if they can move the ball past the half way line
• Have the defensive midfielder double as a target striker
By Sean Pearson. Sean is also the author Coaching Team Shape in the 3-3-1, Coaching Team Shape in the 4-2-3-1 and Coaching Team Shape in the 4-3-3
By Steven Smith
Two versus Two Transition to Goal
Two full size goals are set up 36 yards apart facing each other and players are placed evenly at each post with balls at the right posts of both goals ready to enter into play. Goalkeepers occupy each of the goals.
This activity is extremely demanding for physical endurance and is anaerobic in its training focus. Teams who shoot often and remain on field may become very fatigued.
Players are paired into twos for the entire duration of the activity and stand behind the goal posts at the same goal. Play is initiated by the yellow partners serving to the black set of partners at the other set of goals. The yellow partners who serve the ball move out to defend the black partners who attempt to score as quickly as possible on the opposing goal.
If the black players score or the ball goes over the end line then the black partners must immediately defend the next two yellow players who dribble off the end line and transition to attack the opposite goal as quickly as possible. The two versus two takes place between the two goals with each team trying to win the ball back and attack the opposite goal. Play continues back and forth until a time set by the coach or until a certain number of goals have been achieved by one team.
By Steve Smith
Steve Smith has been a men's college coach that holds an NSCAA Advanced National Diploma and a Doctorate in Physical Education.
By Sean Pearson
Area: 40 x 30 yards
Time: 20 mins
Players: 6 v 6
Set Up
Three areas, 2 end zones 10 x 30 yards and a middle zone 20 x 30 yards. 3v3 in the middle with 2 players for each team on the outside. 2 goals with a GK in each one.
The aim for each team is to get the ball out wide to either wide player and for the wide player to cross the ball into the end zone and have runners meet the ball and attempt to score. The first cross we will look at is a low cross behind the defense.
The cross is played early and on the ground because there is space to play the ball on the ground to the striker and the opposite winger who is allowed to come off their line and attack the cross. The cross is played with the inside of the foot with pace into the space ahead of the runners so they can attempt to score with a one-time shot.
If the team scores, then the next ball starts with their GK. If they miss or the GK catches the ball, then an immediate attack on the other goal can start. First do not allow defenders into the end zone to allow success at crossing but after some success allow 1 or 2 defenders in. No-one is allowed in the end zone before the winger receives the ball.
The next cross is a cut back. Encourage the wingers if they do not see the space available for an early cross to drive to the touch line. The striker should make a run to the near post dragging a defender with them (if not the winger can play the striker) thereby allowing the deeper player at the top of the end zone to be free. The winger then cuts the ball back on the ground for the attempted shot.
The last cross is a deep cross. This should happen when there is no space to play in behind the defense and the winger does not drive to the touch line. Because of the positions of all the players, a high deep cross to the back post and the opposite winger is what is needed.
If no cross is an option due to pressure, then players can pass backwards to a team mate but then all players must reset to their original areas.
Throughout this game, you are looking for understanding from your players to recognize the different scenarios and to execute the cross that best fits the scenario. If they recognize the scenario but fail in their technique, encourage their decision and help with their specific technical miscues to help them in the same scenario next time. Try not to discourage them from not trying when they understood the type of cross they were supposed to put in but they could not execute.
By Sean Pearson. Sean is also the author Coaching Team Shape in the 3-3-1, Coaching Team Shape in the 4-2-3-1 and Coaching Team Shape in the 4-3-3