text:
Airborne particulate pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles, are thought to exacerbate lung and cardiovascular diseases through induction of oxidative stress. Sulforaphane, derived from cruciferous vegetables, is the most potent known inducer of phase II enzymes involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics. We postulated that sulforaphane may be able to ameliorate the adverse effects of pollutants by upregulating expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells with the chemical constituents of diesel particles result in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. We first demonstrated a role for phase II enzymes in regulating diesel effects by transfecting the airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) with the sentinel phase II enzyme NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). IL-8 production in response to diesel extract was significantly reduced in these compared with untransfected cells. We then examined whether sulforaphane would stimulate phase II induction and whether this would thereby ablate the effect of diesel extracts on cytokine production. We verified that sulforaphane significantly augmented expression of the phase II enzyme genes GSTM1 and NQO1 and confirmed that sulforaphane treatment increased glutathione S-transferase activity in epithelial cells without inducing cell death or apoptosis. Sulforaphane pretreatment inhibited IL-8 production by BEAS-2B cells upon stimulation with diesel extract. Similarly, whereas diesel extract stimulated production of IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-1β from primary human bronchial epithelial cells, sulforaphane pretreatment inhibited diesel-induced production of all of these cytokines. Our studies show that sulforaphane can mitigate the effect of diesel in respiratory epithelial cells and demonstrate the chemopreventative potential of phase II enzyme enhancement.
- reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinine oxidoreductase 1
- glutathione S-transferase
- interleukin-8
- air pollution
- inflammation
airway inflammation is both a cause and feature of numerous pathogenic states. In respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), for example, inflammation causes acute and chronic changes in lung function and structure. Inflammation in the respiratory tract can also have extrapulmonary effects, since cytokines produced during local responses can have systemic consequences (45), such as the stimulation of the acute phase response and enhanced blood coagulability (24, 30, 32). Given that superfluous responses can hinder gas exchange and have adverse systemic effects, it is important to limit pulmonary inflammatory responses to those cases where it is necessary for host defense.
Air pollution induces local inflammation in the respiratory tract (28, 37) and has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects. Epidemiological studies have shown a consistent association between exposure to high levels of ambient particulate matter and an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality due to respiratory conditions and cardiovascular events (7, 15, 18, 31–33, 38, 39). The ability of oxidant pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and ozone, to enhance inflammation has also been confirmed in both human and animal in vivo models (5, 6). This ability is thought to be due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can activate redox-sensitive transcription factors, thereby regulating expression of many proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 (14, 23, 27, 34). Indeed, stimulation with chemical extracts of DEPs causes release of these cytokines from epithelial and monocytic cells.
The consequences of oxidative stress can be deleterious to the body; consequently, vertebrates have evolved protective defense mechanisms, including the phase II enzymes (which enzymatically modify toxic chemicals, lipid peroxides, and other by-products of inflammation) as one arm of the endogenous antioxidant defenses. Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate compound derived from cruciferous vegetables, potently upregulates the expression of these enzymes (3, 9).
In this initial study, we test the concept that induction of phase II enzymes is a potential therapeutic strategy to block the adverse effects of oxidant pollutants. We show that sulforaphane treatment induces expression of phase II enzyme in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and inhibits the diesel extract (DX)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokine. These data indicate that sulforaphane may be effective in preventing the proinflammatory effects of DEPs and of oxidant pollutants more generally.
Sulforaphane and DEP extract.
D,L-sulforaphane [1-isothiocyanato-(4R)-methylsulfinyl-butane; CH3S(CH2)4NCS] was obtained from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN), stored at −20°C, and diluted in PBS for addition to epithelial cultures.
Extract of DEPs (DX) was prepared as previously described (21). Briefly, 100 mg of DEPs [generated from a light-duty four-cylinder diesel engine (4JB1 type, Isuzu Automobile) using standard fuel and provided by Dr. M. Sagai] were suspended in 25 ml of methanol and sonicated for 2 min, followed by centrifugation at 2,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a polypropylene tube and dried under nitrogen gas, dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 100 μg/μl, and stored in the dark at −80°C. For a detailed comparison of the chemical and physical characteristics of these DEPs, and their comparative pulmonary toxicology to the NIST standard DEPs, see Singh et al. (41).
BEC cultures.
The transformed human BEC line BEAS-2B was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC no. CRL-9609; Manassas, VA) and cultured in serum-free LHC-8 medium supplemented with retinoic acid, epinephrine, and penicillin/streptomycin (all from Biosource, Camarillo, CA). Normal human BECs (NHBECs) were obtained from Cambrex (East Rutherford, NJ) and cultured in BEGM-Bulletkit bronchial epithelial medium (Cambrex).
Cells were plated into 6- or 24-well plates and grown to ∼80% confluence; for BEAS-2B cells, plates were precoated with collagen (Vitrogen, Angiotech, Palo Alto, CA), fibronectin (Calbiochem), and bovine serum albumin (Biosource). Because epinephrine has been reported to suppress cytokine expression by BECs (36), cells were washed with HEPES-buffered saline (Biosource), and fresh epinephrine-free medium was added 24 h before stimulation.
BEAS-2B and NHBECs were stimulated with 5 μM sulforaphane, or media control for 24 h, harvested, and used to determine NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 (GSTM1) gene expression. Stimulation with DX or vehicle (DMSO) was performed in the presence or absence of 24-h pretreatment with sulforaphane. After 24 h, supernatants were harvested for cytokine production; this time point was chosen after preliminary experimentation indicated that this was the most robust point for measurement (data not shown).
NQO1 plasmid construction, cell transfection, and Western blot.
The NQO1 coding region was subcloned into pcDNA-3.1 vector. The fragment of 822 bp was amplified by the sense primer 5′ GGCGAAGCTTATGGTCGGCAGAAGAGCACT 3′ with Hind III site and antisense primer 5′ CGGCCTCGAGTTTTCTAGCTTTGATCTG GT 3′ with Xho I site. The PCR product and the pcDNA 3.1 vector were digested with restriction endonuclease enzymes Hind III and Xho I (New England Biolaboratories, Beverly, MA) at 37°C for 2 h. After the purification, the PCR product was cloned into Hind III and Xho I sites of pcDNA 3.1 vectors by using T4 DNA ligase at 16°C overnight. The positive plasmid was checked by DNA sequencing.
Human BEAS-2B cells were grown in 12-well plates in LHC-9 medium. The Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent kit (Invitrogen) was used to transfect the cells with pcDNA-NQO1 per manufacturer's protocol. Thirty-six hours later, the cells were collected for NQO1 protein assay by Western blot, performed as previously described. Briefly, cells were lysed, and 40 μg total protein were used for 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane, which was incubated with 1:2,000 goat anti-NQO1 antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) for 1 h. After washing, the membrane was incubated with 1:5,000 horseradish peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-goat IgG (Abcam) for 1 h and detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (Amersham, Piscatway, NJ) Western blot kit. β-Actin was used as an internal control. The membrane was then stripped and reblocked by 5% nonfat milk for 3 h and then incubated with 1:2,000 anti-β-actin antibody for 1 h followed by washing and incubation with 1:2,500 secondary antibody.
Transfected and sham-transfected cells were stimulated with DX, 36 h after transfection, at various concentrations (0, 20, 50, 100 μg/ml). The medium was collected for IL-8 assay after 24-h treatment.
Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of phase II enzyme expression.
RNA was isolated from cultured cells using TRIzol (Invitrogen), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA was removed using DNAse I (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, catalog no. 18196–022), and cDNA was generated using Superscript II (Gibco, no. 18064–014) using random hexamers (Gibco). The FAM-labeled primer/probe set for NQO1 and VIC-labeled primer/probe set for β-actin were obtained from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA). Primers for GSTM1 were obtained from Sigma-Genosys (The Woodlands, TX); the primer sequences are 5′-ATGATACTGGGGTACTGGGA for the forward primer and 5′-ATCAAGTAGGGCAGATTGGG for the reverse.
PCR was carried out in the ABI Prism 7700 Sequence Detection System under the control of Sequence Detector version 1.9 software (Applied Biosystems), using either TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) or Platinum SYBRgreen qPCR SuperMix-UDG with ROX (Invitrogen). Gene expression was quantitated relative to the expression of the housekeeping gene by the ΔΔCt (threshold cycle) method, and expression was further normalized to background expression in untreated cells.
GST activity and cell viability.
Total GST activity was measured following the use of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (CDNB) agents using the technique of Habig et al. (13); briefly, cells were harvested and washed by PBS (pH 7.4) at 4°C. Cytosolic fractions were prepared by sonication and ultracentrifugation, as previously described (43). Activity was then followed by measuring the conjugation of 1 mM CDNB with 1 mM GSH at 37°C in 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), as measured at 340 nm using a spectrophotometer over time. Enzyme activity was expressed as millimoles of CDNB conjugated per minute per milligram of cytosolic protein. Cell viability was determined by staining with propidium iodide and apoptosis by Annexin V staining, as previously described (46).
Measurement of cytokines.
Cytokines were measured in cell culture supernatants by sandwich ELISA using BD OptEIA antibody sets for human IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-1β (BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA), following the manufacturer's instructions. The limit of detection for these assays was 5 pg/ml.
Data analysis.
Data are expressed as means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated. Statistical analysis was conducted using Systat 11. One-way ANOVA was applied to the data, and the Tukey post hoc test was used to determine statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups.
Overexpression of the sentinel phase II enzyme NQO1 can inhibit DX-induced cytokine production.
Our initial experiment established a role for phase II enzymes in regulating diesel effects. It has been well established that particulate pollution induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 from BECs. Figure 1 shows that IL-8 release by BEAS-2B cells upon stimulation with DX was reduced in cells transfected with the sentinel phase II enzyme NQO1 compared with sham-transfected controls. Increased NQO1 protein in transfected cells was confirmed by Western blot assay.
Induction of phase II enzyme expression by sulforaphane.
Sulforaphane increased gene expression of phase II enzymes in a BEC line and in primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells (Fig. 2). Compared with baseline, sulforaphane treatment upregulated NQO1 expression in BEAS-2B cells ∼15-fold. Treatment of NHBECs with sulforaphane also upregulated NQO1 expression, albeit to a lower extent; relative expression of NQO1 was threefold higher in treated NHBECs compared with untreated controls.
In contrast, BEAS-2B cells and NHBECs had different responses to sulforaphane with respect to GSTM1. Although sulforaphane treatment did not upregulate GSTM1 expression in BEAS-2B cells, NHBECs showed a significant approximately twofold induction of gene expression for GSTM1.
Sulforaphane also enhanced enzyme activity in both BEAS-2B cells and NHBECs (Table 1). GST activity in cells stimulated with sulforaphane increased in a dose-dependent fashion. No change in cell viability and no indication of apoptosis was observed at any concentration <10 μg/ml at 24 h (data not shown).
DX-induced proinflammatory cytokine production is suppressed by sulforaphane treatment in BEAS-2B cells.
Pretreatment with sulforaphane inhibited the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 by BEAS-2B cells upon stimulation with DX (Fig. 3). DX at concentrations of 10 μg/ml or higher augmented IL-8 production in untreated cells. Sulforaphane treatment alone had no significant effect on basal IL-8 production at any dose. However, pretreatment with sulforaphane attenuated DX-induced production of IL-8. Statistically significant reduction of IL-8 production was seen beginning at a dose of 3.125 μM sulforaphane, and IL-8 production was reduced to background levels at a dose of 6.25 μM sulforaphane. Again, no toxicity was observed at these concentrations (data not shown). Neither GM-CSF nor IL-1β was detectable in supernatants from BEAS-2B cells.
Cytokine production by primary human BECs is also suppressed by sulforaphane treatment.
Sulforaphane was also effective in inhibiting DX-induced cytokine production in primary cultures of NHBECs. Increased production of IL-8 was observed when DX was present at 10 μg/ml or higher (Fig. 4A). Pretreatment of cultures with sulforaphane had a significant impact on IL-8 production (Fig. 5A), and this effect was observed at much lower concentrations in the NHBEC cultures than in the BEAS-2B cultures.
Unlike BEAS-2B cells, NHBECs also secreted detectable levels of GM-CSF and IL-1β. Detectable levels of GM-CSF and IL-1β were expressed under basal conditions (Fig. 4, B and C). Stimulation with 10 μg/ml DX marginally increased production of both GM-CSF and IL-1β over baseline; production of these cytokines was substantially enhanced upon stimulation with 25 μg/ml DX. As with IL-8, pretreatment of NHBECs with sulforaphane inhibited the production of GM-CSF and IL-1β upon stimulation with the higher dose of DX (Fig. 5, B and C).
This study establishes the principle of enhancing natural cytoprotective responses as a potential therapeutic strategy against the proinflammatory effects of oxidant pollutants. In this study, we show that sulforaphane can both upregulate phase II enzyme expression and block DX-induced IL-8, GM-CSF, and IL-1β production, providing support for the potential of using a chemopreventative strategy to counteract the prooxidant effects of air pollutants. Previously, sulforaphane has been studied most extensively for its potential as an anti-carcinogenic agent. This is the first study to examine the concept that induction of phase II enzymes through chemoprevention may moderate the proinflammatory impact of oxidant pollutants such as diesel exhaust.
Airborne particulates are known to exacerbate existing respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, and there is a strong epidemiological association between episodes of poor air quality and increased morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence indicates that particulate matter can also contribute to the development of these disorders as well, for example, accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis (19, 42) and acting as an adjuvant for the development of allergic immune responses (5, 6). As has been highlighted by us and many others, air pollutants are toxic in part due to their ability to induce oxidative stress (22, 27, 47). The generation of reactive oxygen species upon exposure to airborne pollutants causes the activation of the NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways, which transcriptionally regulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the airway epithelium, which, in turn, initiates a cascade of effects that result in local inflammatory responses (14, 34, 36). In addition to the exacerbation of existing airway disease, these responses may also predispose to the development of acute cardiovascular events, through the systemic spillover of cytokines and induction of the acute phase response (18). Given the central role of oxidative stress in mediating these pathways, antioxidant strategies have been identified as being potentially beneficial in the treatment and prevention of pollution-induced exacerbations of cardiorespiratory disease. In addition, oxidative stress occurs, not only as a result of exposure to airborne oxidant pollutants, but also as an outcome of inflammatory processes themselves, such as those in asthma or COPD (2, 8, 35), and augmentation of antioxidant defenses in the respiratory tract may be beneficial in such diseases as well, independently of air pollution exposure.
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables and is the most potent known naturally occurring inducer of the phase II enzyme genes (9). Phase II enzymes, including the GSTs, NQO1, and others, detoxify electrophiles and reactive oxygen species by several mechanisms, including mediating their conjugation with endogenous ligands that promote their excretion. We used sulforaphane in these studies because of its potency in inducting phase II enzyme expression, as well as its demonstrated tolerability in human studies. Moreover, the top concentration used by us (6.25 μM) is well within the physiologically achievable range, as indicated in studies of oral dosing with sulforaphane in rats (16), or consumption of high-glucosinolate broccoli in humans (11).
Antioxidant strategies may be especially beneficial in individuals who have reduced or absent phase II enzyme activity, such as may occur with certain genetic polymorphisms. Such mutations are very common; for example, the null polymorphism in the GST μ (GSTM1) gene, present in up to 50% of some populations (4); similarly, a nonfunctional polymorphism in the gene for NQO1 (NQO1*2) is present in ∼20% of Caucasians and can approach ∼50% in other ethnic groups (10). Although there are numerous phase II enzyme genes, and one might hypothesize that the absence of a single one of these would not have a major impact, in fact, people with GST polymorphisms have been shown to be more susceptible to the development of certain cancers (17, 25, 48) and also to be more sensitive to the adverse effect of air pollutants (12, 20). In this study, we demonstrated that sulforaphane upregulated the expression of GSTM1 and NQO1 in primary human airway epithelial cells. Although these genes were selected as markers of sulforaphane effects on phase II enzyme expression, there are doubtless many more genes involved that will likely play a role in detoxification and antioxidant defense and will likely be involved in imparting protection from oxidant pollutants. The data presented here suggest that this is indeed the case: despite the absence of a detectable change in GSTM1 gene expression in BEAS-2B cells in response to sulforaphane (Fig. 2), GST activity was clearly increased (Table 1). Moreover, although NHBECs had apparently lower induction of NQO1 gene expression compared with BEAS-2B cells (Fig. 2), sulforaphane was effective in eliciting GST activity (Table 1) and damping DX-induced cytokine expression at much lower doses in NHBECs than in BEAS-2Bs (Figs. 3 and 5). Since these genes have overlapping substrates, induction might compensate for the absence of individual gene function in individuals with null polymorphisms. Thus the potential benefits of treatments may be especially enhanced in these individuals.
However, it is important to note that, although the induction of phase II enzymes is usually considered to be beneficial, in some cases these enzymes can bioactivate several hazardous chemicals and possibly induce cell death via ROS generation (29, 40). Such an effect is not without precedent: the use of β-carotene supplementation increased, rather than decreased, cancer risk in a population of smokers (1). Thus it will be important to carefully assess both the potential risks and benefits in the use of sulforaphane clinically.
We cannot categorically state that the upregulation of phase II enzymes is the sole mechanism by which sulforaphane protects from the proinflammatory effects of DX in these studies. Sulforaphane treatment can induce the expression of many different genes (44) and can have effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, the activity of histone deacetylase, and many other processes (26). However, our finding that transfection of epithelial cells with just one phase II enzyme can reduce the effects of diesel certainly suggests that phase II enzyme induction is a likely, if not unique, mechanism by which sulforaphane exerts its effects in our system.
In conclusion, we have shown that pretreatment with sulforaphane effectively limits the proinflammatory effects of DX on airway epithelial cells, concomitant with an upregulation of key phase II enzyme genes. While it still needs to be demonstrated that this will be similarly effective and safe in vivo, these results support the potential use of sulforaphane-based strategies to limit pollution-induced local inflammatory responses, which could prevent exacerbations of asthma or COPD, or the induction of cardiovascular events, particularly in susceptible individuals.
This study was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences.
Present address of S. A. Ritz: Northern Ontario School of Medicine, East Campus, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
The authors thank Ling Zhang and Minna Jyrala for technical support of this project.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2007 the American Physiological Society


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Discussion in 'Disney Rumors and News' started by crazy4wdw, Apr 13, 2007.
Waldorf's new era starts at Disney
Owners plan to make the legendary hotel a worldwide brand.
"Hilton Hotels, owner of the Waldorf since 1949, plans to turn the hotel into a brand that can be spread around the planet, starting with a project now rising amid the slash pines just outside Walt Disney World."
Reason number 42 that the Four Seasons will be "inside" of Walt Disney World.
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I believe the Waldorf-Astoria is being built on property adjacent to the Caribbean Beach and Pop Century. It will be on WDW's doorstep.
But NOT part of Disney. Disney realized that with the addition to the Waldorf and Ritz in Orlando, they needed to jump on this "four star bandwagon". Hence the deal with the Four Seasons.
The Waldorf will, of course, appear to some guests to be inside WDW when it really is not (Disney has never owned that parcel of land; Arguably it might have been preferable it they had managed to acquire it), given the awkwardly located entrance to Bonnet Creek is inside WDW.
We don't yet know all the details of the Four Seasons deal, or how it will or will not be integrated with WDW, but if the property has actually been sold, it may not be any more a part of WDW than Crossroads is.
I thought Bonnet Creek had started a while ago? Is this a rebranding, or are they building in the same area?
Looking at Google Earth, is it that oval-shaped area across the road from CBR and northeast of POP? Looks like two buildings complete, one in progress, but the images are probably from some time ago.
On this board, people have mistakenly called the timeshare resort "the Bonnet Creek Resort," but that's the name of the overall development, not the name of the timeshare resort.
The Bonnet Creek Resort is a master-planned resort with a large timeshare parcel, several hotel parcels, a golf course, and a conservation area.
The development is bounded on the north, south, and west by Disney property, and on the east by I-4.
The access road (Chelonia Parkway) is from Buena Vista Drive, between the CBR and Epcot Center Drive. At first, that seems strange, but it's actually the most logical -- in fact, the only logical -- access to the property.
The first project at the Bonnet Creek Resort is the Wyndham Bonnet Creek timeshare resort, which was originally branded as the Fairfield Orlando at Bonnet Creek.
Since then, three hotels have been announced: a regular Hilton, a Waldorf-Astoria (high-end Hilton), and a Wyndham hotel (which will co-exist with the Wyndham timeshare). There's still land left for more hotel development.
Part of the confusion comes from the entire area, including both on and off property portions being referred to as Bonnet Creek, or the Bonnet Creek area.
The Osprey and Eagle Pines courses were at one time called the "Bonnet Creek Golf Club". They are still listed as such in some places, but I'm not sure if Disney actually still calls it that. I haven't played there in about 4 years, and I can't find a mention of that phrase at Disney's website.
I'm guessing they are trying to distance themselves from the name because of all the non-Disney activity going on. But "Bonnet Creek" was even used in the Sentinel reports to describe the area being developed by Four Seasons.
That alone just not justify Disney "jumping on the bandwagon". There's lots of bandwagons outside WDW that Disney hasn't jumped on, and shouldn't.
Nor does it justify the manner in which they are jumping on this bandwagon, by selling/leasing to a third party.
But that's been debated ad nauseum on the Four Seasons thread.
1) This is gonna be tough.
2) I frequent both The Four Seasons and The Waldorf Astoria.
3) I may have to split my time when at WDW.
PERSONAL NOTE: It will so nice to have 5-star hotels and true concierge service at Disney.
Mr. Scupper, I'd be interested in your perspective as a consumer of these hotel products--what do these guys do that Disney doesn't? And in your mind, is there any reason why Disney couldn't?
My first thought was-- and maybe this is covered in t he four seasons thread which I haven't read-- do people who prefer the Waldorf actually go to Disney World? (All Eisner musings aside.)
Apparently Mr. Scupper is my answer. (Please assume no ill will whatsoever.)
Perhaps it's just my inability to think outside my own experience, but sweaty theme park days or water parks and luxury/5 stars just don't make sense in one trip. NOt that I'm trudging out to the all stars, either. I'm perfectly happy at OKW, thank you.
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Cyber- Attack
Research one type of cyber-attack, such as phishing, spear phishing or pharming. Your report should include the ways to counter such attacks. Is specialized software available? What is the role of user awareness in countering the selected type of attack? Your report should be at least 500 words.
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Dragon's Rage Trailer (2012)
"Behold The Eye Of The Dragon" 06 August 2012 Adventure, Fantasy, Action 177 mins
The sorcerer elf Tesselink brings together an unlikely band of adventurers, two humans, a goblin and a fearless warrior elf. Together they become the Order of the Bloodsteel Knights and embark on their dangerous mission.
Watch the official Dragon's Rage 2012 trailer in HD below or find more Dragon's Rage videos on Vidimovie.


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How We Became Posthuman : Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics Paperback
by N. Katherine Hayles
Separating hype from fact, this text investigates the fate of embodiment in the information age.
It relates three interwoven stories: how information lost its body, that is, how it came to be conceptualized as an entity separate from the material forms that carry it; the cultural and technological constuction of the cyborg; and the dismantling of the humanist "subject" in cybernetic discourse, along with the emergence of the "posthuman".
Ranging across the history of technology, cultural studies and literary criticism, the text shows what had erased, forgotten, and elided to conceive of information as a disembodied entity.
The author moves from the post-World War II Macy Conferences on cybernetics to the 1952 novel "Limbo" by Bernard Wolfe; from the concept of self-making to Philip K.
Dick's literary explorations of hallucination and reality; and from artificial life to postmodern novels exploring the implications of seeing humans as cybernetic systems.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 360 pages, 5 line drawings
- Publisher: The University of Chicago Press
- Publication Date: 15/02/1999
- Category: Science: general issues
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Showing 1 - 2 of 2 reviews.
Review by zacchia
"How we became posthuman" interprets the concepts and definitions of posthuman amist the evolution of technologies and their correlation to literature and society .Spanning a period between the 40th and the 90th the author traces a path among the different visions and works that scientists and science fictions writers had about humans and human-like machines that technologist were building or hoping to build. She also explore the desire of scientist to build human like machine and at the same time the fear of having machines that will take over the humans.The book is very hard to read. It is written in the style that a literary critic would use, as the author is. Not a book that popularize science, but a book beefed up with critical literary comparisons among different works, plays of words, sentences built to have double meaning, and constructions that tend more to art form and complacency than to clear exposition.The author identifies three different main periods or concepts:1- Homeostatsis or feedback loop, where system are defined by their workings that tend to an equilibrium with their inside and the environment.2-Reflexivity, autopoiesis, where the main issue is if the observer is outside the system to study or is part of the system.3-Virtuality, Emergent behavior, Artificial life, where the system is composed of many parts and the system overall behaviour is the result of the complex interrelation of the parts, of their emergent properties/behavior.Main themes of the book are embodiment, in particular information embodiment, the border of the human body, and the concept of the liberal humanist. These themes are explored in the three different periods, and the contrasting views scientistists had of them even inside the same period.How information lost its body and when is peraphs the main discussed theme. Her thesis is that the information must be embodied.Across all book she describes at lenght the different positions, criticing them, but only in the last couple of pages she presents her solution to the problem: distributed cognition. She just write it there without any introduction or critic, simply as the solution to most of the problems she presented in the book.
Review by veevoxvoom
N Katherine Hayles is one of the most prominent scholars of cybernetics and the cultural theory of cyborgism. Her thesis in this book is that although in our modern age, there is an increasing move in cybernetics to regarding information and human subjectivity as bodiless, in fact, to be posthuman means to be embodied, only in a different way. Hayles discusses her theory while covering the history of the three waves of the cybernetics as well as using literary examples (she has degrees in both chemistry and English).I read this book in order to supplement an essay I was writing on William Gibson's Neuromancer. But although I read How We Became Posthuman for school and not for fun, I enjoyed it. Hayles raises a lot of interesting ideas about the relation between human and machine, and while I'm not sure I agree with all of them, her opinions are intelligent nonetheless. I particularly enjoyed the foray into literature and science-fiction. But I have to add that this is a highly academic book. I couldn't imagine a casual reader picking it up and enjoying it.
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GraphicRiver Industrial Text Styles 157708
Script & Plugin \ Add-on \ Photoshop \ Styles \ Text Effects
Included \ Ethnocentric \ Shapes \ Textures \ Glossy \ Golden \ Factory \ Grille
Add-on - Industrial Text Styles 157708 by eucalyptuss @ GraphicRiver
Script & Plugin \ Add-on \ Photoshop \ Styles \ Text Effects
10 pemium layer styles looking like various metal textures.
- .ASL and .PSD files included
- Works well with text as well as with shapes
- Ready to use!
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Hemi Head
Add-on Files Included: Layered PSD, Photoshop ASL; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS2.
Ista Facebook Timeline Covers; Rating & Voting Elements; Sketch Text Styles; Comic Text Styles; Glass Web Boxes; Resizable Filetype Buttons; Great Step Process Panels.
Keywords: black, city, clear, dark, dirt, factory, glossy, gold, golden, grey, grille, grunge, metal, steel.


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The 'conscious consumer' has been disrupting the food industry for decades. It's no longer enough to just eat to live – consumers want it to mean something and they want to feel good while doing it.
In particular, the nut butter industry has come a long way from Skippy and Jif dominating the US market. There are new players in town, diversifying their offerings and appealing to consumers on new levels; health, convenience, sustainability, animal welfare and even social responsibility.
For today's consumer, their choice of peanut butter speaks to their ethical 'wokeness'.
Growing by 11% from 2015 to 2016, the UK's peanut butter market continues to welcome global brands such as Skippy and Calvé, into the mix. And, big name manufacturers, as well as smaller 'luxury' brands are diversifying their flavour options to reflect the adventurous tastes of today's consumer.
However, the new norm trumps classic favourites, instead exploring sweet, salty, savoury and spiced; consumers want options to delight, intrigue and challenge them. The trend is one which bigger brands with greater resources are investing in through the introduction of innovative flavors and packaging, while newcomers are proving to be better positioned to specialise and take risks.
It's the 'disruptive marketers', such as Pip & Nut and Rude Health, who are diversifying their products, turning consumer taste buds, and switching up the classic 'smooth vs. crunchy' debate to 'coconut almond vs. maple cashew'.
In the US, Naturally More launched a new line of nut butters with added probiotics and flax, giving consumers more bang for their buck. Their 'all-natural' persona promises no artificial sweeteners, in favour of coconut sugar.
And, with the rise of nut butter, the industry has taken on an anywhere, anytime and on-the-go mentality. Convenience and portability are a massive priority and the market is responding with squeeze packs and single-serve offerings.
Snacking between meals is increasingly 'en vogue', as is the desire to incorporate more protein into consumers' diets, while keeping it simple, affordable, and preferably plant-based. Couple that with an overall increase in disposable income for the average consumer, and the possibilities become endless.
Yet, when it comes to protein, consumer focus is multidimensional; it's all about quality and source, with less emphasis on how much and more on where from. Consumers want to know how their products get from source to table, taking into consideration factors such as animal welfare, sustainability and the environment.
Meridian Foods claims to be the first UK nut butter brand to launch a line with 100% nuts, no palm oil, sweeteners or salt, but beyond that, the brand recognises the need to nab the conscious consumer on a deeper level.
Taking it a step further with its 'Rainforest Pledge' Meridian is investing real dollars into the protection of rainforests, orangutans and other primates. The brand's support of the Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS) Foundation has already seen the adoption and rehabilitation of 13 orangutans.
As animal products continue to be cast in an unflattering light, consumption of traditional protein sources, such as meat, eggs and dairy are lagging. A phenomenon known as the 'Flexitarian Effect' or 'part-time' vegetarian, is on the rise as conscious consumers favour nuts as a healthy, vegan and generally more affordable alternative.
Consumer-favorite brand Rude Health is also branching out; take, for example, its new, single serve Porridge Pots with the option of almond or hazelnut butter –– "a creamy finish to the pots… satiating without being [too]sweet."
According to a brand rep, the new initiative "moves into convenience without cutting corners [on]taste or quality of ingredients… [and]the possibilities go beyond porridge."
Perhaps the least traditional and most innovative trend is the introduction of powdered peanut butter. With 85-90% less fat and nearly a quarter of the calories, it appeals to the active, health-conscious consumer, without sacrificing on taste, fiber or protein.
It might be versatile and trendy, however powdered peanut butter hasn't won over 'whole food' advocates quite yet. The product has been knocked for containing added sugars and salt, but there's plenty of room for improvement.
So, what's next for the nut butter industry? Looks like full speed ahead, especially in the UK, where the traditionally US-based staple is widening in the British market.
Pip & Nut, the UK poster child for adventurous nut butters, identifies creativity as one of their core brand values: "Fundamentally what it boils down to [is], consumers want to be surprised and delighted by their food, it's one of life's simple pleasures after all, so we like to innovate with new and exciting flavours to keep people coming back," says Founder, Pippa Murray.
"As a challenger brand we look to innovate and bring what is an incredibly traditional category back to life [by being a]playful brand, as well as [introducing] 'niche' products like almond butter. I'm a firm believer in playing in these niche areas, and catching a trend before it goes mainstream is the key to launching a successful business… [and]providing consumers with something they need or desire," she elaborates.
The nuttiness doesn't stop there. The quintessential entrepreneurial spirit of Pip & Nut continues to pave its way as a "challenger brand" in a relatively tired market by rolling out a new 'Limited Edition' flavour every 8 months.
In 2016, Whole Earth Foods invested a whopping £2 million in promotional activities, specifically targeted at London and the South East. Their goal? To position nut butter as a natural source of protein and fiber, comparative to traditional dairy or animal-based options.
Much like Rude Health and their Porridge Pots, an increasing number of brands are stepping into new, nut butter-inclusive arenas; such as nut and protein bars.
Meridian Foods stake their claim to the first ever nut butter brand to move into the 'healthy snack sector'. They now offer 6 nut bar varieties, from traditional 'Peanut', all the way to 'Peanut & Berry' and 'Cashew'. These are all important differentiators in an increasingly saturated market.
With so much variety to look forward to, in order to succeed brands must step up their game to truly delight consumer tastes and values. But, market awareness is crucial.
Over-diversifying could push consumers away, with excessively exotic or strange concepts, such as powdered peanut butter, which is perhaps still too niche. And, with classic peanut butter still viewed as a standard, affordable product, the new challenge for brands will be changing consumer opinion to accept nut butter's position within the premium, gourmet category.
As demand for nuts and nut butters rise, keeping a keen eye on production costs is also wise. The demand for alternative milk is yet another culprit for the increase in nut prices. And, as the popularity of plant-based snacks increases, as does their cost to produce, ultimately impacting the consumer sticker price.
Yet, when nearly 291 million out of 324 million Americans admit to having consumed peanut butter in 2016, it would seem the odds are definitely in nut butter's favour.


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Blood Orange Cocktail Recipe
Happy Hour: Uber Orange Cocktail
After making a blood orange margarita, I had a couple of blood oranges lying around. Thus, I decided to juice them and use them in another cocktail — this time with gin as the base spirit. The resulting drink is packed with the refreshing flavor of oranges. Its gorgeous color makes it easy to sip and the addition of agave nectar provides a necessary, but not overpowering sweetness. If you're a fan of oranges, you'll enjoy this beverage. Don't like gin? Use vodka instead! Here's my recipe.
From Katie Sweeney Makes 1 drink.
Uber Orange Cocktail
From Katie Sweeney
Makes 1 drink.


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in Activism, events, Feminism
April 4th, 2012
Students hold candles to pay respect to survivors of sexual violence as they listen to the speak out.
Check out more pictures from the event!
Do you know someone who has called someone out for street harassment? Did your friend explain to someone why rape jokes are not ok? Have you seen someone step in and help someone in a situation where they were vulnerable? Nominate them for a Bystander Award by emailing the Sexual Assault Response and Prevention Center!
You can also follow SARP on twitter (@sarp_bu) or like them on Facebook!


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Lee over at the Chaos Witch has created a new blog project called 'Pagans Down Under'. As I mentioned previously, I am going to try and get back into blogging more regularly - something that has failed miserably so far. This sounds like a really fantastic idea and I'm looking forward to getting stuck in. So for my fellow Aussie bloggers out there, if you want to join up, head over to the page for the project and pop your name down!
Wednesday, 31 December 2014
Thursday, 18 December 2014
New Blog
I've created a blog for my tiny house project called 'Stacey' Tiny House Project' (yes I know, massively original right?) to show the journey of the creation of my tiny house herbal studio. I was going to document it all on this blog but I thought, why not have something entirely devoted to the project, plus if other tiny house enthusiasts come across it, it's strictly on the tiny house and not everything else as well. The plan is to begin actually constructing the tiny house in the new year, the trailer is almost completed (I will be glad to never have to wire brush rust again, let me tell you) and painted, so once that's done, the building can begin!
Thursday, 11 December 2014
Grow Your Blog Party 2015
The Grow Your Blog Party is happening again next year and I am so excited that Vicki at 2 Bags Full decided to do it again as I had so much fun last year. I've been thinking long about my blog, it's not had much action overall this year, but I'm getting into the groove again and hopefully it will equal more posts and photos and other bits n pieces.
Wednesday, 10 December 2014
Some Herbs From Around the Garden
Saturday, 6 December 2014
The Blooming Roses of Spring & Summer
There is something romantic about roses blooming in the garden, the eventual decay begins and adds another layer of beauty, for within this lack of perfect beauty, the true perfection of nature is found.
Thursday, 4 December 2014
Nuummite - The Sorcerer's Stone
Recently I've been looking into working with stones. It's not something I had actually thought about much given my preferred medium is herbs, but I was reading a blog post by Little Cloud of Insanity and she happened to mention working Nuummite. Not being a stone I had heard of before, I was immediately curious. I'm glad I fed my curiosity because Nuummite is a rather interesting stone.
Named the Sorcerer's Stone, Nuummite is said to be one of the oldest minerals in existence, clocking in at an impressive three billion years. The majority of Nuummite comes from Nuuk, Greenland and is tied to Earth more strongly than any other element, geologically Nuummite comes from a volcanic origin so it also hold fiery depths within it. It's a beautiful looking stone, at first glance you tend to think it is black but there are many layers within, striking iridescence of many different colours, it is wonderful to look at.
Nuummite is connected to the chakras and their energy, and while I don't work with chakras at all, the potential for spiritual boosting by Nuummite is intriguing. It is known for it's potent vibrations which is why it was given the name 'Sorcerer's Stone', it can connect you deeply with any spiritual or psychic ability you may have, help with shamanic work and hedge crossing, is said to move growth in those areas forward quickly and will connect you quite deeply to earth energy. It is also said Nuummite energy can help with higher intellectual acumen and detail recall, which would be nice, I read so much that it can be hard to assimilate all the information into my brain.
Because it can connect one easily with other worlds while hedgecrossing or journeying it interests me, as does its potential for past life work and healing. I'm going to experiment to see if it can help me with hedgecrossing, increasing abilities (should I discover any) and for focusing my mind while undertaking these actions. It's no secret that I'm not one who can easily focus or quiet the mind. An energy worker once told me that my mind is fast and that is why I can't quiet it and why I can't stand being around a lot of people or lots of noise.
I've not started working with it yet, I bought a tumble stone and a bracelet of Nuummite from the fantastic SheEarth to work with, I'm not even sure how one goes about working with stones but I'm looking forward to it. I'm trying to find different ways to grow my personal power and discover gifts, if any, that I might have. I'm thinking of just doing breathing exercises and connecting with it that way before moving up to guided meditations (which I generally do better with than trying to reach a meditative state myself) and see where I go from there.
I will say though, when I hold the Nuummite, I can definitely feel the energy surging within it, now it is just a matter of finding a way to connect myself to that energy and working with it.
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San Deigo, CA (PressExposure) March 06, 2008 -- Soldiers Getting in Shape with Help from Intense Fitness Program TrainChange Fitness Studio provides unique training program for military
San Diego, CA - Although maintaining a healthy weight is a requirement for members of the military, they too are struggling with the problem of obesity.
The New York Times reported that last year 4,372 members of the military were discharged for being overweight. The Department of Defense has sought ways to prevent this problem and maintain combat readiness through programs like "Operation Be Fit" launched in 1998 to encourage personnel to exercise outside their units' normal Physical Training (PT) regiment. Even so, ten years later, the number of soldiers discharged for failing to meet weight requirements has increased threefold.
A new fitness program, however, called Emergency Responder Training (ERT) offered by the TrainChange Fitness Studio in San Diego has gotten soldiers from the 96th Military Police Battalion eager to exercise on a regular basis.
"It's motivating and something different," said Staff Sergeant Widjaja when asked what he likes about the training.
Unlike traditional forms of PT done in the military where soldiers run laps around a field and perform calisthenics, ERT takes place in an old renovated warehouse.
When you walk into the cardio room the first thing you notice is that the windows, walls and ceiling are painted black. Surprisingly, once class starts and the fluorescent lights are off the room immediately comes to life with an assortment of strobe lights synchronized to music. It's like being at a trendy nightclub in the middle of the day.
But, don't let the ambiance fool you--there's nothing foo-foo about their training.
Workouts begin with 15 minutes of indoor cycling where a TrainChange instructor calls out drills in cadence to music and soldiers maneuver up and down on stationary bikes while calling out cadence.
"The sessions take you beyond failure which regular PT doesn't do," says Sergeant First Class Resto who serves as a Military Police Officer for the 96th. "[Like combat] you will go beyond your abilities."
Once finished the lights come on and they begin a 45 minute weight training circuit consisting of 13 stations where soldiers perform exercises that target specific body parts; new circuits are created daily using a computer application developed by the creator of the ERT program, Al Smith, Jr.
Al is co-owner of the studio and author of the book, TrainChange: Fat Loss. Having served in the Army himself, Al says, "ERT is similar to circuit training recommended in the Army Field Manual 21-20 Physical Fitness Training, but their routines aren't designed to keep soldiers motivated. People like fitness programs that make them want to improve their strength, speed and coordination in addition to improving their anaerobic and aerobic abilities. Our program accomplishes this because we focus on providing workouts that are short and highly intense, but also entertaining."
"The classes also promote team building and tighter cohesion within the unit," says Sergeant Major Markley who attends regularly. ERT also keeps soldiers combat ready because it "keeps your heart rate up while building muscle endurance."
"By making our program challenging and motivating, everyone wants to show up and continue to improve," says Al.


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AUGUSTA, Ga. - Entered into rest on January 27, 2007 at St. Joseph Hospital, Mrs. Anne Heffernan Mulligan, wife of the late Thomas J. Mulligan, Jr. Mrs. Mulligan was a life-long resident of Augusta. She graduated from Mt. St. Joseph Academy, a faithful member of the Adoration Chapel since the day it started and was a lifelong member of St. Mary on-the-Hill Catholic Church. She was a loving mother and grandmother. Family members include her daughter: Mary Mulligan Fain; son-in-law: John Middleton Fain and granddaughters: Mary Ellen Middleton Fain and Sarah Elizabeth Fain and numerous nieces, nephews and cousins. Mrs. Mulligan was preceded in death by her parents: Leo and Mary Ellen Heffernan; sisters: Jane McGlone of Augusta, GA, Susan Fetter of Sullivans Island, SC and brother: William H. Heffernan of Irving, TX.. The Funeral Mass will be held Wednesday, January 31, 2007, 11:00 AM, at St. Mary On-The-Hill Catholic Church with Rev. Gerald Ragan officiating. Inurnment will follow in Westover Memorial Park. If so desired memorial contributions may be made to St. Joseph Hospice, 2260 Wrightsboro Rd. Augusta, GA 30904 or to St. Mary On-the-Hill Catholic School, 1220 Monte Sano Ave. Augusta, GA 30904 Sign the guestbook at AugustaChronicle.com
The Augusta Chronicle-January 28, 2007


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Each year at our Sussex Campus, we partner with Sussex Outreach Services to sponsor local families that are experiencing financial hardships to help make their holiday special. We knew when we expanded to Germantown we wanted to keep that tradition alive.
Our Germantown Campus has partnered with The Gingerbread House Gift Giving Program. This program is organized by The Youth and Family Project, Inc out of West Bend, WI. The Youth and Family Project, Inc is a non-profit organization founded in 1975 and services both Waukesha and Washington Counties.
The Gingerbread House Gift Giving Program aids in helping over 500 families experience a Christmas they wouldn't be able to have on their own. Momentum Early Learning's Germantown Campus is supporting two of those over 500 families this year. The two families that are being supported are single mothers with younger children, working multiple jobs. These families are looking for some household items, a few small gifts for themselves and gifts for their children so they can experience the magic of the holiday.
Our 'Giving Tree,' located just outside the office, has both green and red paper 'ornaments' on them with gift ideas. We invite our families to choose an ornament (or two) to help Momentum support these families. We ask that gifts are returned, wrapped with the paper ornaments attached to them no later than Friday, December 16th. Please stop in the office if you have any questions!


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|National University of Singapore
Founded in 1905 as a medical school, the National University of Singapore (NUS) has evolved from humble beginnings to become a leading university in the Asia-Pacific region. An NUS education is comparable to some of the best programmes at top universities globally. Built on a tradition of excellence, NUS is developing global standing for its multi-disciplinary education and research. Our programmes are characterised by entrepreneurial and global dimensions, for vitality and relevance in today's knowledge driven economy.
ASEAN* Undergraduate Scholarship (AUS) (2016-2017)
The ASEAN Undergraduate Scholarship (AUS) is offered by the National University of Singapore (NUS) to full-time NUS undergraduates who have outstanding academic merit and co-curricular activities.
Terms and conditions
Deadline: Closed for this cycle


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I am SO excited to be hosting my first female blogger's dinner tonight! This event has been in the works for the past four months! If you know anything about me by now, you know that I love a good party. And really any excuse to host a party, I'm game!
So when Minted approached me about sponsoring an upcoming event, you know that I didn't even hesitate.
So what is Minted, you might be asking yourself. In short, Minted is a design marketplace. It is a community where independent designers designs come to life. With designers in over 40 countries, this is truly a worldwide community of artists. The designers submit their designs, the community then votes on their favorites and then Minted sells the winning designs. Pretty neat, eh?!
For this blogger's event, I selected the Botanical Wreath design by designers Alethea and Ruth. I was just smitten when I found this design and knew it would be the perfect fit for this intimate affair.
Minted was so awesome to work with. You can customize just about everything and the more items you add to your order, the greater discount you will receive. Their cardstock options are so impressive. Nothing flimsy or cheap, rather all quality stock. I was able to personalize everything from place cards to addressing the envelopes with the invitees address!
I also like that while they have entire collections that you can purchase, you are not forced to buy ALL the pieces. You get to pick and choose what works for your specific party needs.
I can't wait for you guys to see all the party details and how these Minted designs are taking the event to a whole other level. But for now, enjoy this little sneak peak!
Also, I'm super excited to share with you a special coupon, exclusively for Amidst the Chaos readers! Available for ONE week, use the code ATC10 at the checkout to get 10% off your entire order! Perfect timing as we start to launch into the holiday season. Make sure to browse their hundreds of Christmas designs and enjoy this special discount!
Happy Friday!
Love & Blessings,
6 Comments on Throw a Party With Minted
Enjoy and I hope you have a great night…. 🙂
Are you still going to dinner on the 30th?
how fun! i'd love to get together with other bloggers like this.
I LOVE Minted!!! I have done invitations through them and even framed artwork.
What a fabulous idea! I love meeting new bloggers and connecting with new people so this event is right up my alley! The stationary is gorgeous!
I love Minted!…and the party invites and all are stunning!


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Richard & Judy: Call the Midwife finale had me in tears
I SNIFFLED my way through the series finale of Call The Midwife last Sunday.
It wasn't just that it was sad – though it was, as this fantastic BBC series often is. A woman died after developing a blood clot while taking the contraceptive pill.
Her bewildered husband was left with three young children to bring up alone.
But what made me well up was how faithfully this episode represented the norm of being a woman in the 1960s.
In the show we'd reached 1962, and "the Pill", newly launched, was hailed as a miracle. Which it was, freeing women from the constant threat of pregnancy.
It was all so mortifying, even in the 1970s, seeking contraceptive advice, especially if you weren't married
But there were unforeseen problems ahead, fatal embolisms being just one. On either side of me sat Richard and our youngest son.
They glanced at me in disbelief as I snuffled. "You're not actually crying, mum?" asked Jack. "Why? It's only a drama." But it was so much more than that.
It brought back in vivid relief the sheer stress of being a sexually active woman in those days.
Nurse Barbara Gilbert and Trixie Franklin in BBC TV show Call the Midwife
Not that I was, myself, in 1962 – a bit early for me. But still.
As I watched the women arriving at the contraceptive clinic by a discreet back door; the emphasis placed on her being respectably married; poor nurse Barbara, about to marry her young vicar, embarrassed by the undignified process of being fitted for a diaphragm, I wept for women in those days.
It was all so mortifying, even in the 1970s, seeking contraceptive advice, especially if you weren't married.
You felt somehow ashamed, despite the so-called "free love revolution" which swept through the 1960s.
When, at university, I first went on the Pill, I didn't dare to see my own GP. He knew my mum; he'd known me since I was born and I couldn't bear to face his moral judgment.
When nurse Barbara tried to get to grips with her diaphragm and it kept flipping out of her grasp as she squeezed the thing trying to practise in her bathroom, I thought, yes, been there, done that.
It was all so damn difficult, such a palaver. And surrounded by a sense of hush-hush embarrassed decorum.
When I hear my daughter's friends happily and openly discussing their check-ups with gynaecologists (yes, often male; in my day the clinics were exclusively staffed with bracing upperclass middle-aged women) and talking about their sexual health, it's astonishing to realise how much things have changed.
So yes, I watched Call The Midwife with a full and nostalgic heart.
I felt so sorry for all of us back then (and for poor old Vi, struggling through "the change", forced to wear a special aerated corset to combat the hot flushes).
My mum (who always told me on no account must I let my father and brothers be aware that I had to dispose of sanitary towels) had a favourite saying: "Men must work and women must weep."
Rot, I used to tell myself in my early feminist days.
But as the magnificent Call The Midwife so accurately recalled, she was so right.
Thank heavens young women no longer have to put up with all that.
'The World At One has, I'm afraid, turned into Yawn At One', says Richard
World At One proves boring radio can be a real turn-off
Richard: My two must-listen-to radio programmes if I'm in the car or the kitchen are World At One and PM, those daily current affairs stalwarts on BBC Radio 4.
As far as I'm concerned, even by themselves they're worth the licence fee.
PM goes from strength to strength under the idiosyncratic and ever-so-slightly-barmy Eddie Mair (funny how his turn on Newsnight didn't work out.
Some broadcasters are just quintessential radio people, all instinct and flow; put them on screen and they stiffen and falter with sudden self-consciousness).
But the World At One has, I'm afraid, turned into Yawn At One. The lunchtime programme has always been heavier in tone than its fleeter-of-foot teatime stablemate but of late the first show out of the traps has become, dare I say it, ponderous, repetitive and… well, boring.
The opening news round-up is fine; it's the first item that increasingly goes wrong, because it goes on. And on… and ON.
I'm all for in-depth coverage but exhaustive can be exhausting. Lead stories are leaden, sometimes droning on well past the quarter-of-an-hour mark.
Every shade of opinion has to be included: on an industrial dispute, say, we'll hear from the shop floor workers, then their boss, then the union rep, then someone from the TUC, then a spokesperson for industry, then a junior government minister followed by the opposition counterpart, then "our industrial affairs correspondent"… it gets worse by the week.
One day soon they'll interview the factory cat, then the mice – and then the nearest vet.
I'll stay loyal because fundamentally I love the show. It's an institution, rather like a favourite restaurant.
But it doesn't matter how expert the chef is, if he piles the main course too high on the plate, either it blunts your appetite or you get indigestion.
With Yawn At One these days, it's a bit of both. Less is more.
Woman wearing a hijab
Bonkers eu judges get it wrong again
Judy: With its usual common sense, fairness and wisdom, the European Court of Justice this week ruled that firms are entitled to ban female workers from wearing headscarves.
They also declared that any other "visible wearing of any political, philosophical or religious sign" may be prohibited.
This was based on the case of a young Belgian woman sacked by her employers for wearing a headscarf.
She claimed she was being discriminated against because she was Muslim.
The European ruling is the result of her unsuccessful appeal.
So what are they going to do? Tell me I can't wear my favourite necklace, a tiny cross, when I appear on TV?
These EU judges are bonkers.
I trust we will all tell them exactly where to go.
Family pictured dangerously perched on 'Broadchurch' cliffs in Dorset
Richard: My picture of the week is of idiots of the week, the yet-to-be-named family who posed for selfies on the crumbling cliffs that feature in Broadchurch.
The woman is seen sitting chummily on an overhang while the man, child on his shoulders, stands a few feet behind brandishing a selfie-stick.
What is it with people like this?
Has their survival instinct gene gone rogue, let alone the evolutionary programming that makes us automatically steer children away from danger?
I doubt they can be prosecuted and suspect public naming would not necessarily mean shaming.
Some folk are just too stupid to feel shame.
'Reheating tea in the microwave doesn't make a blind bit of difference to the taste', says Richard
It's war in a tea cup
Richard: Broadchurch crossed a line on Monday night and the beating heart of social media is still fibrillating in shock. David Tennant reheated a cup of tea in the microwave.
Never mind the (excellent) plot; Twitter was soon in meltdown in what quickly became known as the War of Tennant's Tea.
Tea expert Jane Pettigrew said she had "never" done it, although "I have friends who have and I have shuddered at it! The whole point of tea is it is a FRESH brew. If the tea has been sitting around, with or without milk, it will have oxidised and changed in taste."
Olivia Colman's character clearly agreed, asking her colleague: "Are you really going to drink that disgusting stewed tea?"
Well I'm sorry but the whole lot of them are just plain wrong.
I'm always reheating tea in the microwave and it doesn't make a blind bit of difference to the taste – unless you bring it to the boil; that DOES queer the flavour.
But anything up to piping hot is fine.
Judy saw me doing it years ago and wrinkled her nose. "Disgusting. Don't ever do that to my tea."
Well Judy, it's confession time. Actually, I'm afraid sometimes I have – and you've never noticed any difference.
"Tea okay?" I ask.
"Mmm, fine thanks," the reply.
So the problem is clearly not all in the microwave – it's all in the mind.


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Denby Monsoon Filigree Large Mug 440 ml
Denby Monsoon Filigree Large Mug 440 ml
This adorable Monsoon Filigree Large Mug is the perfect way to enjoy any hot beverage in style. First thing in the morning, or last thing at night, this mug shows off elegance and true beauty.
The eye catching Filigree range has been designed with a classic and stunning silver print.
We also offer other items from the delightful Filigree range, each as lovely as the other.
- 440 ml Capacity
- Microwave Safe
- Oven Safe to a maximum temperature of 100°C
- Dishwasher Safe, however constant dish washing may result in discolouration of product over time
- Fine China
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Trump Can't Escape His Muslim Immigration Ban Campaign Pledge in Court Hearing
Hours before the hearing, Trump's election website was scrubbed of campaign promises for a "temporary" ban on Muslims entering the United States
Hours before the hearing, Trump's election website was scrubbed of campaign promises for a "temporary" ban on Muslims entering the United States
TCA 2017: "It's not just anti-Trump, but it's also a look at how liberals are reacting," Robert King says
TCA 2017: Continuation of "The Good Wife" to premiere on Feb, 19
"It's important to anticipate events that haven't happened yet," creators Robert and Michelle King say
Actress will play Christine Baranski's goddaughter
Christine Baranski and Cush Jumbo to star in new series
This year's conference will take place on June 4 and June 5 at the Sony Pictures lot
"Nothing is off the table," Michelle King says
Commercial promises nine more episodes of long-running drama starring Julianna Margulies
The former "Good Wife" star will play the lead in potential anthology series
"I'm unemployed come April," actress says
TCA 2016: Michelle and Robert King will leave show after season 7, according to CBS Entertainment president
Actor will play Republican operative in comic thriller from "The Good Wife" creators
Duo behind CBS hit drama talks to TheWrap about show's return and why Democratic frontrunner will be a character on the series … kinda
Robert and Michelle King will write and executive produce the show set for summer 2016
The "Extant" star will play Alex, a new investigator hired by Alicia
CBS star tells TheWrap about his season in jail, what his last meal would be and that infamous final scene between Alicia and Kalinda
The actor will play an equity partner at Lockhart/Gardner
Co-creators Michelle and Robert King wondered what happened after those press conferences where politicians admitted to infidelity with their wives standing stoically by their sides.
Two major twists in four days — what is this, cable?
Networks have lots of ideas for how to bounce back this fall — but some are years or decades old
"She had she exact look that I tried to capture in the pilot," Juliana Margulies says of Huma Abedin's press conference


text: Im new in the business this season and most of my customers dont pay to have their grass bagged. But if it gets high sometimes theres a small amount of grass left in the street. Some customers dont care but some of my annoying ones complain about it. Should I give in and just do it or no?


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Monitor your Jenkins continuous integration server build statuses with real-time notifications and a handy overview just a click away.
(Full Story: Jenx for Jenkins CI)
Monitor your Jenkins continuous integration server build statuses with real-time notifications and a handy overview just a click away.
(Full Story: Jenx for Jenkins CI)
Point 1: NoSQL technologies require more investment than Relational to get going with.
Point 2: There is no particular advantage to NoSQL until you reach scales that require it. In fact it is the opposite, given Point 1.
Point 3: If you are fortunate enough to need the scaling, you will have the time to migrate to NoSQL and it isn't that expensive or painful to do so when the time comes.
(Full Story: NoSQL is a Premature Optimization)
30% of the registered users or number of downloads (if its a mobile app) will use the service each month
10% of the registered users or number of downloads (if its a mobile app) will use the service each day
the max number of concurrent users of a real-time service will be 10% of the number of daily users
(Full Story: A VC: 30/10/10 Rule)
The Prediction API enables you to make your smart apps even smarter. The API accesses Google's machine learning algorithms to analyze your historic data and predict likely future outcomes.
(Full Story: Google Prediction API – Google Code)
Feature Toggling is not just a different way to achieve feature branching. It is an architectural choice that, sure, helps with maintaining mainline development but the power is that it hands back control of what features should be enabled and when to the business. And it is there, ready for you to harness. No extra steps required. As awesome as Git is[6], you just cannot compete with something that allows you to not only control what features go into a release but what features are live at any one time[7].
(Full Story: Experience Report: Feature Toggling)
See how I haven't even mentioned feature toggles yet? Feature toggles don't even come into play unless you have a complete, user-visible feature that you don't want to appear in your next release. In this situation, the feature-branch alternative is to keep your feature branch unmerged until after your release. Unless you're doing continuous deployment, or working on a small and experienced team, this is a painful and risky proposition.
(Full Story: On DVCS, continuous integration, and feature branches)
Khan Academy is an educational website that, as its tagline puts it, aims to let anyone "learn almost anything—for free." Students, or anyone interested enough to surf by, can watch some 2,400 videos in which the site's founder, Salman Khan, chattily discusses principles of math, science, and economics (with a smattering of social science topics thrown in). The videos are decidedly lo-fi, even crude: Generally seven to 14 minutes long, they consist of a voice-over by Khan describing a mathematical concept or explaining how to solve a problem while his hand-scribbled formulas and diagrams appear onscreen. Like the Wizard of Oz, Khan never steps from behind the curtain to appear in a video himself; it's just Khan's voice and some scrawly equations. In addition to these videos, the website offers software that generates practice problems and rewards good performance with videogame-like badges—for answering a "streak" of questions correctly, say, or mastering a series of algebra levels.
(Full Story: How Khan Academy Is Changing the Rules of Education | Wired)
Overview=========The idea behind Kundera is to make working with NoSQL Databases drop-dead simple and fun. Kundera is being developed with following objectives:
o To make working with NoSQL as simple as working with SQLo To serve as JPA Compliant mapping solution for NoSQL Datastores.o To help developers, forget the complexity of NoSQL stores and focus on Domain Model.o To make switching across data-stores as easy as changing a configuration.
(Full Story: GitHub: Kundera – a JPA compliant Object-Datastore Mapping Library for NoSQL Datastores)
I think if Quora wants to survive it has to move away from it's Q&A roots, and embrace its de-facto status as a kind of tech world Reddit. Quora has a great community, but it needs to be re-energized. Maybe a redesign is the way to go?
(Full Story: Why Quora is in Trouble)
RAD is a framework for programming the Arduino physcial computing platform using Ruby. RAD converts Ruby scripts written using a set of Rails-like conventions and helpers into C source code which can be compiled and run on the Arduino microcontroller. It also provides a set of Rake tasks for automating the compilation and upload process.
(Full Story: Ruby Arduino Development)


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Few of us would refuse free money. But when it comes to federal
education funds, states are doing just that--and, in the process,
providing an interesting context for President Bush's latest
His budget would cut more than $4 billion from 48 ineffective federal education programs and reallocate most of it to several new Bush initiatives focused on high school and college students. Overall, the president is recommending a $530-million cut in the Department of Education's $56-billion annual budget.
Bush's budget request coincides with the release of an explosive new study by the House Education and Workforce Committee that shows states are incapable of spending all the federal education dollars sent their way. The committee found that the states "returned more than $66 million in unused federal education funds to the U.S. Treasury in 2004."
Democrats, inexplicably, ignored these findings and lambasted Bush. Massachusetts Sen. Edward Kennedy characterized the President's budget as "the most anti-student education budget since [President Reagan] tried to eliminate the Department of Education." Where is the Democratic line in the sand?
Reconciliation Important
"A word that people are going to have to become familiar with," House Budget Chairman Jim Nussle announced at his committee's first hearing on President Bush's fiscal 2006 budget, "is reconciliation." "Reconciliation" is Washington-ese for the hodgepodge of legislative proposals required to squeeze savings (in amounts set forth by the House and Senate in the annual budget resolution) from exploding entitlement programs such as Medicare, Medicaid and farm subsidies.
The new chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, New Hampshire's Judd Gregg, echoed Nussle's blunt assessment. Gregg fingered Medicaid and Medicare as the programs most in need of Congress's attention.
In his budget, the President proposed several tweaks to Medicaid that would yield a 10-year savings of $60 billion and recommended about $6 billion in reforms to corral runaway farm subsidies.
The willingness of lawmakers to acknowledge the inevitability of the first budget reconciliation process that would force Congress to look at mandatory-spending reductions since 1997, combined with Bush's willingness to confront controversial areas of federal largesse, suggests that the political battle lines in 2005 will resemble those that prevailed during the days of the Republican-controlled Congresses of the mid-1990s.
Expect congressional Democrats to wage relentless battles against every Republican proposal to reduce spending, even as they decry Republican deficits and profligacy. But congressional Republicans should welcome the return of this brand of warfare, which will help them re-establish a reputation for spending restraint with their frustrated conservative base. This would be no small political feat, given that the 2006 mid term election qualifies as a "six-year itch" election (where voters historically turn out members of the president's party during his sixth year in office). Enthusiasm among core Republican supporters will be crucial for Republicans to retain control of Congress.
To earn this enthusiasm, Republican leaders will have to deliver on the high expectations established in the President's budget--a 1% reduction in non-security spending, some restraint in federal entitlement programs, and the enactment of promising budgetary reforms, such as the President's proposal to require Congress to vote in an expedited manner on the elimination and consolidation of wasteful federal programs.
A Taxing Debate
Every legislative debate requires a right and left wall--parameters within which the real debate takes place. Liberals and conservatives define their dream scenarios, and the outcome winds up somewhere in the middle.
During the struggle to enact President Bush's $1.6-trillion tax cut in 2001, for example, House conservatives rallied around an even larger $2.3-trillion tax reduction plan designed by former Rep. Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania. Their insistence on the largest possible tax cut created a necessary context for the President's plan, as did liberal proposals to move the other way and increase taxes on the "rich."
The current confrontation over Social Security is no exception. At a recent gathering, more than 50 House conservatives agreed to several debate-defining markers. Among them:
- Workers should be able to deposit all of the employee's share
of the payroll tax, about 6% percent of every dollar earned up to
$90,000, into a personal account, not the President's recommended
level of 4% (with an initial cap of $1,000).
- The accounts should not be delayed until 2009, as the President
- No tax increase can be part of the final deal, whether that
hike comes in the form of an increase in the amount of wages
subject to the payroll tax, an increase in the payroll tax itself,
or the introduction of a new tax to offset the costs. Indiana Rep.
Mike Pence, chairman of the Republican Study Committee, described
the opposition to new or increased taxes as "deafening."
- The transition financing required to fund the personal accounts should come first and foremost from cuts in government spending.
Congressional leaders should keep these concerns in mind as they
craft a Social Security reform plan.
Mr. Franc, who has held a number of positions on Capitol Hill, is vice president of Government Relations at The Heritage Foundation.
First appeared in Human Events


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Atias' Call for Mortgage Subsidies Draws Cheers, Jeers
Opponents argued that plan to subsidize mortgages for young couples in country's outskirts would mainly help ultra-Orthodox, the support base of Atias' Shas party.
Housing Minister Ariel Atias' call to subsidize mortgages for young couples in the country's outskirts drew a mix of support and fire over the weekend, as proponents said the idea would indeed help its target audience.
Opponents argued that the plan would mainly help the ultra-Orthodox, the support base of Atias' Shas party.
Atias wants the state to give a monthly subsidy of NIS 500 to NIS 800 to young couples buying their first home in the country's periphery.
Hiddush - Freedom of Religion for Israel argued that Atias and the Haredi parties were advancing the initiative while they knew that the Housing Ministry was planning more than 60,000 homes for Haredim in the periphery. Tens of thousands of homes would be built in the near future. As a result, the ultra-Orthodox would be the main beneficiaries of the subsidy, Hiddush argued.
"Mortgage payments will be a new kind of allowance for Haredim, another NIS 450 to NIS 800 per family," said Hiddush's head, Rabbi Uri Regev. "This kind of benefit will kill the chances of getting a family like that into the workforce." But former Finance Ministry Director General Yossi Bachar, now Bank Discount's chairman, said he supported Atias' idea.
"I know it doesn't sound good in 'Finance' speak, but it's a possibility during emergencies," he said. "I don't like subsidies, but in this case I definitely support the minister's position and think he's going in the right direction. They need to boost demand in the periphery and increase the land for building in the center."
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] With producers of USA, this 2014 film was directed by Jarrell Crump. You can watch 24 Hours Movie online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2014.
Rating: 5 by 23 users./
Runtime: 90 minutes
Leonardo Black, Tone Capone, Nelson J. Davis, Nneka Davis, Jordan Ellison, Alyze Elyse, Shaunielle Foster, Ken Fuller, Mark Graham, Haleem Gray, El Greco, Eric Herbin, Rich Kaspar, Lamar McNeil, Nicamari and Steve Parker.
90-minute film (full movie) directed by Jarrell Crump.
The original audio of 24 Hours Movie has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2014.
Screenplay written by Alyze Elyse.
Justin Kuhn.
Jarrell Crump and Alyze Elyse.
This film was produced and / or financed by Soul City Films/Alyze Elyse Production.
Composed by Breyon Hooper, Randy Means, Erick Gardner and Jarrell Crump.
Soul City Films.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie 24 Hours Movie has a duration of 90 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, 24 Hours Movie in FULLTV Movies.


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|One of the contest entries
After a winning logo is selected by way of a poll on the site, a t-shirt will be designed and the shirts will be available for sale one week for $25 each. All proceeds will go to Derek's charity Defending The Blue Line.
So get your behind over to The NYR Blog, vote for your favorite logo and head back within the next few days to buy yourself a t-shirt in honor of The Boogey Man. You'll get a t-shirt and you'll be supporting a great cause at the same time.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Agree or Disagree with what was said? Use the comments link below...let your voice be heard!


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The selfie stick crackdown has begun.
South Korea's government said it would start checks on sellers of selfie sticks on Friday, with retailers selling uncertified products facing a maximum fine of 30 million won (US$27,000) or even prison time of as long as three years.
The probe focuses on selfie sticks that tout Bluetooth functionality to allow users to take photos more easily. Such models generally have a button near the grip of the stick that operates the camera on a connected smartphone.
The problem is, according to the science ministry, that these devices are classified as communications equipment and have to be tested and obtain certification about the level of electromagnetic radiation they emit before being commercially distributed.


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- Football is officially over, as Jacksonville State became the last team to bow out last night, but the OVC really deserves praise for how they progressed this season. With an FCS playoff drought dating back more than a decade, the OVC had a huge year, and it wasn't just Eastern Illinois as many expected. With a 24-team playoff format going forward, years like this help raise the perception of the conference, and help the OVC be a 3-bid conference bid in the future. What else helps? Fewer money games. Tennessee State and Jacksonville State played just one FBS between them, and that was lowly Georgia State. Sure, the money's nice, but when it comes to making the FCS Tournament, being a 9-win team is a huge advantage, and that's not going to happen with two or three money games. While I doubt others will follow their model, (the money is just too good) it would benefit the conference if they did.
- Having now slept on it, I don't really have anything more positive to say about last night's basketball action. Excuses can be made: four of those losses were on the road, most teams hadn't played a game in a week or more, but that was also true for a few of their opponents. But I might have been wrong on the worst loss. Belmont, an RPI top-25 team, probably hurt themselves the worst with their loss at South Dakota State. If you're looking to be in that 12-13 seed range, where upsets are very possible, this loss hurts a bit. The OVC isn't as strong as it was last year, (currently ranked 24th in conference RPI) and if it beats itself up a little bit, as it seemingly always does, the champion could be starting at a 14-15 seed, at best.
- Today's Slate:
Bowling Green at Morehead State: Don't let the 4-5 record fool you, this is a good Falcons team that has played a tough schedule. The one thing they haven't done yet is win a true road game, and it will be tough sledding in Morehead. Bowling features a balanced offense, with five players averaging double figure scoring. They've struggled to defend the perimeter, so it will be interesting to see if the Eagles can take advantage on the perimeter
Tennessee Tech at Lamar: Boy, how Lamar has fallen. Two years ago, they were an NCAA Tournament team. Last year, 3-27, and they're on pace to maybe equal that this year. Lamar does two things well: they hit free-throws, and they don't foul. Everything in between is not as good. Tech has played a home-friendly schedule, and yet to notch a true road win, but this is very winnable against a Cardinals team among the worst in the nation offensively.
Fisk at Tennessee State: WILL IT FINALLY HAPPEN? WILL TENNESSEE STATE GET A WIN? YES, I'M YELLING. THIS IS EXCITING! If TSU loses this one, tune in to the final word for TSU's 2013-14 eulogy. Because it's just about season over.
Apologies, for this post the comments are closed.


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I bodyboard for my own fun, you dont like it it doesnt matter to me im not going to stop what I love cause u dont like it .. and im sick of hearing bodyboarders always drop in on everyone ive seen plenty of surfers do it too instead of hating on someones riding style you should hate on people who dont respect the ocean or lineup
Results 51 to 56 of 56
Sep 18, 2012, 05:46 PM #51Junior Member
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- Aug 2012
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Sep 18, 2012, 05:51 PM #52Senior Member
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Right on brotha! I bet the stand up guys that talk smack online are the ones I always see either pulling back or not making the drop.
Sep 18, 2012, 06:04 PM #53
Sep 18, 2012, 06:09 PM #54
Ive said it a million times, i d rather be in the water with a sponger than a longboarder or sup'er
Sep 19, 2012, 12:05 AM #55Senior Member
- Join Date
- Aug 2008
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- Berlin MD
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Doubtful. As a general rule I respect locals and have standing invitations from two of my former instructors who are Hawaiian natives and live there. No worries. No need to hit legendary breaks. Just some quality surf with friends. Aloha. (And I said it while laying out a shaka, too).


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The aptly named MISTER FROSTY won an amateurs' race at Southwell during the week. This is tougher under a penalty but he ran out an easy winner and the booking of Kieren Fallon suggests another big run is in the offing. Celtic Charlie also arrives on the back of a win, over 1m5f here, and should be in the firing-line once again while Grecian Goddess can make the frame as she was fourth at Kempton last month ahead of Avon Supreme, El Libertador, Visions Of Johanna and Moscow Oznick.
Mister Frosty (IRE) 11-2 (10-13) Mid-division, headway on outer over 7f out, led over 1f out, ran on to go clear inside final furlong, won at Southwell 1m 3f am hcp 0-52 (6) fbs beating Miereveld (10-7) by 6l, 14 ran.
Safwaan 8-1 (9-1) Took keen hold, held up towards rear, headway on outside over 1f out, went 3rd entering final furlong, no impression, 3rd of 10, 6l behind Sommersturm (8-13) at Wolverhampton 1m 4f hcp 0-52 (6) pol in Jan.
Visions of Johanna (USA) 12-1 (9-7) Switched right after start, held up towards rear, headway on outside inside final 4f, chased leaders over 2f out, ridden over 1f out, weakened final furlong, 10th of 14, 8l behind Kai Mook (9-9) at Kempton 1m 4f hcp (0-55) (6) pol in Jan.
El Libertador (USA) 25-1 (9-5) Always towards rear, no real progress final 2f, 8th of 14, 7l behind Kai Mook (9-9) at Kempton 1m 4f hcp (0-55) (6) pol in Jan.
Astrolibra 6-1 (9-5) In touch, ridden and outpaced over 4f out, well held final 2f, 7th of 14, 20l behind Master Of Song (9-3) at Southwell 1m 4f hcp (6) fbs in Oct.
Celtic Charlie (FR) 8-1 (8-5) Tracked leaders, went 2nd over 4f out, led over 2f out, ridden clear over 1f out, stayed on, won at Lingfield 1m 5f hcp 0-60 (6) pol in Jan beating Broughtons Bandit (8-10) by 1l, 9 ran.
Avon Supreme 12-1 (9-1) Rear of mid-division, headway towards inside well over 1f out, staye don inside final furlong, not pace to reach leaders, 6th of 14, 6l behind Kai Mook (9-9) at Kempton 1m 4f hcp (0-55) (6) pol in Jan.
Keep A Welcome 66-1 (9-0) Held up in touch, weakened over 4f out, moderate 4th, 4th of 6, 23l behind Exemplary (9-12) at Lingfield 2m clm stks (6) pol in Jan.
Highcliffe 50-1 (9-1) Held up in touch, ridden over 2f out, not much room and lost place over 1f out, 9th of 13, 14l behind Fire In Babylon (9-1) at Kempton 1m 3f hcp 0-52 (6) pol in Jan.
Imperial Fong 14-1 (8-7) Chased leaders, went 2nd 8f out, lost 2nd 2f out, ridden over 1f out, weakened final furlong, 6th of 9, 11l behind Fantino (9-10) at Wolverhampton 2m hcp 0-60 (6) pol.
Grecian Goddess (IRE) 14-1 (8-9) Held up towards rear, headway on outside over 1f out, stayed on same pace inside final furlong, 5th of 12, 3 1/2l behind Black Iceman (8-10) at Wolverhampton 1m 4f hcp (0-55) (6) pol.
Moscow Oznick 22-1 (8-11) Held up towards rear, ridden over 2f out, stayed on inside final furlong, never going pace to reach leaders, 6th of 12, 6l behind Black Iceman (8-10) at Wolverhampton 1m 4f hcp (0-55) (6) pol.
Santera (IRE) 4-1fav (8-13) Chased leaders, went 3rd halfway, weakened 2f out, 9th of 13, 29l behind Steady Gaze (9-7) at Kempton 2m hcp (0-55) (6) pol in Jan.