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Easily connect your Samsung Galaxy S2, S3, S4 or other MHL enabled device to an HDTV and enjoy high resolution 1080p video and crisp stereo audio. 4XEM's Micro USB To HDMI MHL Adapter Cable Kit is designed for use with mobile devices featuring MHL technology. Simply connect one end to the Micro USB port on your device (5-Pin and 11-Pin options both included) and the other to an HDMI equipped TV or monitor. The USB connection provides power and allows for simultaneous charging of your phone or tablet.Problem it solves: No need to crowd around your Samsung Galaxy's small screen to share your vacation photos or that "make or break" presentation. This adapter provides 1080p video out to HDMI-equipped TV's and monitors, allowing the whole room to view your masterpiece. The USB cable keeps things powered and charges your phone while the show goes on.4XEM gear is respected industry wide for its high performance, premium quality and durability.
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|Sony Xperia LT26i SmartphoneSamsung Galaxy Smartphones:S2; S3; S4; LTE; HD LTE; Nexus; Nexus Prime; Note; i9100; i9220; i9250; i997; Infuse 4G; HTC Smartphones:Evo 3D; Flyer; Sensation; Sensation XE; Amaze 4G; One S; One X; LG Optimus Smartphones:4X; 4X HD; P880; LU6200
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|1 x Male USB 2.0 Micro USB; 1 x Type A Male USB 2.0 USB
|Connector on Second End
|1 x HDMI Male Digital Audio/Video
|Device Supported
|Audio/Video Device; Cellular Phone; TV; Monitor; Tablet PC
|6.56 ft.
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|1-year limited
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|1.83 oz
|What's Included
|Micro USB To HDMI MHL Adapter Cable For Samsung Galaxy S2/S3/S4/Note (Green); Use Manual


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Retail Industry Case Study
Triumph's modular design delivers results by growing
with your business and providing cost-effective functionality
Triumph supports these key business retail functions
- Tracking inventory and stock holdings (Inventory Module)
- Processing sales orders and customer back orders (Sales Order Entry Module)
- Online ordering to time and money (B2B eCommerce Module)
- Back-to-back ordering for prompt supply (Purchase Requisitions and Purchase Ordering Modules)
- Price negotiations targeted promotions (Special ricing Modules)
- Work out of a single warehouse or multiple warehouses (Multi-Location Stock Module)
- Sales and profit analysis (Sales Analysis Module)
- Collection of real-time orders in any location (Reach 4 Sales)
Client Profile - Kosmic Sounds
Kosmic, one of Australia's leading musicial equipment and instrument stores, uses its Triumph POS system to manage sales and stock transactions across more than 14,000 product items.
Growing from just one POS station in 1992, to a 37 user system in 2013, Triumph's unique connection of the sales action with the accounting system has enabled the company to perform retail transactions, deliver up-to-the-minute stock and retail data, and make business decisions on a daily basis.
One of the most challenging aspects of retail growth is the management of stock information. The full range of tasks, from accommodating different (and frequently changing) product names to admitting stock into available inventory, is handled easily and automatically by the Triumph database. Kosmic also rely on Triumph to handle sales and inventory management for Galactic Music, Kosmic's newly created wholesale and distribution arm.
Real-time inventory information assists Kosmic in reducing sales losses from stock shortages of fast-turning stock and the negative impact of slow turning stock. This is vital for a business that conducts over 200 transactions daily in values that range from a few dollars to many tens of thousands. Kosmic's recently designed website reads real-time inventory from Triumph to advise online customers of stock levels and pricing.
Triumph's powerful reporting system assists decision making by providing analysis of rates of sales, margins, targets and stock churns. Store management is able to look daily at the sales performances of any stock item, supplier, sales department or sales personnel. By presetting automatic re-ordering levels, inventory management is kept current and varying lead times can be easily accommodated. Sales staff are then free to spend their time and energy on customer service.
Triumph POS system is easy to use by all personnel, from sales and stock personnel through to accounting staff. Kosmic's database is also configured to feed its marketing systems, providing data that assists in targeting prospects according to their past purchases and synergies of interest.

subset: commoncrawl


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DISCOVER – LEARN – SHARE: The Events & Membership Committee, as well as all the SIETAR Europa Board, are happy to announce SIETAR Europa's Webinar Events Calendar for 2017. The webinars program has been planned thanks to the availability of presenters and the number of proposals we received.
Last year our webinars met with much success and we hope that even more of you will attend in 2017. The Events & Membership Committee organised 8 webinars with speakers from many different countries; more than 200 participants attended the webinars – thank you very much! .
Recordings of our webinars can found on our SIETAR Europa YouTube Channel here! We are constantly uploading past webinars as well! We also have a SIETAR Global Events calendar, don´t miss checking it out here!
The webinar calendar for 2017 presents a wide range of themes from a truly international panel of presenters.
The SIETAR Europa 2017 webinar program is as follows:
- January 10th 2017, Tuesday, at 10.00 – 11.00 (CET)
Speaker: Hakan Balci
Topic: "Support for Integration of Refugees in Germany / Europe as Trainer or Coacher"
- February 2nd 2017, Thursday, at 13.00 – 14.00 (CET)
Speaker: Roberta Raffaelli and Jimena Andino-Dorato
Topic: "Intercultural Coaching: a self-developmental tool to help expatriates enhance intercultural intelligence"
- March 8th 2017, Wednesday, at 12.00 – 13.00 (CET)
Speaker: Bastian Küntzel
Topic: "The future of work is human: organic, complex and always in transition"
- April 24th 2017, Monday, at 15.00 – 16.00 (CET)
Speaker: Fiona Citkin
Topic: "Expatriates, Immigrants, and Refugees: Women's Perspective"
Click on the icon on the right to download the slides used during the webinar:
- June 2nd 2017, Friday, at 10.00 – 11.00 (CET)
Speaker: François Brossard
Topic: "Value and Knowledge Education (VaKE): Using dilemmas for intercultural competence development"
- July 4th 2017, Tuesday, at 16.00 – 17.00 (CET)
Speaker: Edmée Schalkx
Topic: "What kind of leaders are TCK (3rd Culture Kids)?"
- September 20th 2017, Wednesday, at 18.00 – 19.00 (CET)
Speakers: Shannon Murphy Robinson and Mary E. Casey
Topic: "Is Self-Awareness a Skill That Can Be Developed?"
- October 12th 2017, Thursday, at 16.00 – 17.00 (CET)
Speaker: Steven E. Wallis
Topic: "Hidden Logics: New Templates for Intercultural Understanding?"
- November 7th 2017, Tuesday, at 19.00 – 20.00 (CET)
Speaker: Marcelo Baudino
Topic: "Why Latin America is still stacked in reverse ethnocentrism"
- December 8th 2017, Friday, at 19.00 – 20.00 (CET)
Speaker: Denis Niedringhaus
Topic: "Using Chinese, Japanese and French TV adverts in intercultural trainings"
Don´t miss this learning opportunity and schedule our webinars: DISCOVER – LEARN – SHARE!
Wishing you an inspiring learning opportunity with SIETAR Europa webinars 2017!
The Events & Membership Committee
Maura Di Mauro (SIETAR Italy)
Saskia Lackner (SIETAR Austria)
Linda Vignac (SIETAR France)
Barbara Covarrubias Venegas (SIETAR Austria)
Agnieszka Kotucz (SIETAR Polska)
Pascale Sztum (SIETAR Europa)
This was the 2016 SIETAR Europa webinar programme:
- January 18th 2016, Monday, at 20.00 – 21.00 pm (CET)
Speaker: Anne Fox
Topic: "Culturally responsive training: Why and how?"
- February 4th 2016, Thursday, at 18.00 – 19.00 pm (CET)
Speaker: Cristina Volpi
Topic: "Art masterpieces as metaphors for intercultural training"
- March 9th 2016, Wednesday, at 19.00 – 20.00 pm (CET)
Speaker: Sylvie Tournier
Topic: "Geopolitics China: Quietly moving its pawns on the international chessboard"
- April 21st 2016, Thursday, at 16.00 – 17.00 pm (CET)
Speaker: Lothar Katz
Topic: "Cultural Dimensions – What Are They Good For, Anyway?"
- June 27th 2016, Monday, at 17.00 – 18.00 pm (CET)
Speaker: Fredrik Fogelberg
Topic: "Leading global remote teams"
Click on the icon on the right to download an article by Fredrik Fogelberg on Virtual teams:
- July, 21st 2016, Thursday, at 10.00 – 11.00 am (CET)
Speaker: Mai Lam NGUYEN-CONAN
Topic: "Le nouveau Français" identity evolution of the French representation in marketing and communication" - CANCELLED
- September, 13th 2016, Tuesday at 15.00 – 16.00 pm (CET)
Speaker: Dr. Olga Kovbasyuk
Topic: "How to do business with Russians"
- November, 22nd 2016, Tuesday at 17.00 – 18.00 pm (CET)
Speaker: Dr. George Simons
Topic: "Digesting paradigm shifts in intercultural thought & practice"
This was the 2015 SIETAR Europa webinar programme:
• Monday, February 16th and Wednesday, February 18th 2015 at 19.00 – 20.30 (CET)
Yvonne van der Pol: "Tacit knowledge, culture and informal learning"
• Monday, March 16th 2015 at 19.00 – 20.00 (CET)
Anja Gnaedig: "Sales Skills for the Intercultural Trainer"
• Wednesday, April 8th 2015 at 18.00 – 19.00 (CET)
Ruth Trojan: "Lost and Found in connection: challenges and opportunities of virtual teams"
You can download the slides used during the webinar by clicking here:
• Tuesday, May 12th 2015 at 19.00 – 20.00 (CET)
Matthew Hill: "Negotiating Across Cultures. The 7 most costly mistakes companies make"
You can watch a recording of the webinar (due to technical issues the video appears only towards the end, but the audio is complete) by clicking here
• Monday, June 15th 2015 at 18.00 – 19.30 (CET)
Steffi Bärmann: "Home is where … International Career Coaching"
• Thursday, July 16th 2015 at 15.00 – 16.00 (CET)
Sven Dinklage: "The FIFA World Cup 2014 in Brazil – An intercultural perspective"
You can download the materials here and here.
• Monday, September 21st 2015 at 21.00 – 22.00 (CET)
Maura Di Mauro: "The X-Y integration - why and how for the success of the company strategies and results"
• Monday, October 5th 2015 at 18.00 – 19.00 (CET)
Barbara Gibson: "Turning Failure into Competence: The Role of Response-to-Failure Patterns"
This was the 2014 SIETAR Europa webinar programme:
• 10th April: 3.00 – 4.30 pm (CET)
"Do Italians still exist?"
By Roberto Ruffino
• 6th May: 6.00 – 7.00 pm (CET)
"How culture affects the stages of negotiation"
By George Simons
• 3rd June: 7.00 – 8.30 pm (CET) (1st session)
• 9th June: 7.00 – 8.30 pm (CET) (2nd session)
"Intercultural Effectiveness = Connect x Perform x Enjoy"
By Ursula Brinkmann, Juanita Wijnands and Yvonne van der Pol
• 26th June: 7.00 – 8.30 pm (CET)
Livingstone Thompson: "Religion and economic success"
• 10th September: 6.00 pm – 7.00 pm (CET)
Rudi Camerer and Judith Mader: "Language: Source of all misunderstanding"
Click on the link below to watch a recording of the webinar:
• 26th November: 8.00 – 9.00 pm (CET)
By David Trickey
"The X-factor- why successful corporate expats need to be magically in two places at the same time (and how to do it)"
The Events & Membership Commitee, as well all the SIETAR Europa board, is thankful to Matthew Hill and his Intercultural Training Channel for the technical support and coordination that he is offering free of charge to SIETAR Europa.
Have a look at these other recordings of SIETAR webinars
Coaching Across Cultures with Philippe Rosinski
New Software of the Mind 2010 Edition with Geert Hofstede
Setting up a Cross-cultural Training Program with Barry Tomalin
Cultural Factors in International Business with Richard Lewis
Resistance Is a Bowl of Cherries with George Simons


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home / Things to do with your kids in Cairns / Walks
Red Arrow Walk Mt Whitfield
The Red Arrow Circuit is 1.3km long and takes approx one hour return. This can vary widely according to ability and kids. The Red Arrow is a bit of an institution for locals in Cairns. This walk is the perfect size for a morning or afternoon exercise session. It is a great walk to bring kids on to teach them about keeping fit, persevering and enjoying the bush. Visitors to the area will be surprised at such a bush walk through tropical rainforest being so close to the CBD!
If you are wanting to shed some kg's, get fit(ter) or have a good walk in some bush not far from town, then this is the place to go. Many a mum (and dad) have carried babies around in a backpack, adding weight to their workout and gaining many impressed looks from others. Although this walk is strenuous in parts, younger kids aged 4 and up can definitely attempt it. Be prepared to take it slow, and have regular stops. You may have to carry your little one at some points.
At the top there is a fantastic view of the airport. The reward of seeing the aeroplanes take off is often enough to get them around.
There is water at the bottom of the track but not along the way so remember to BYO. The track can be quite slippery when wet so take care. It is perfect on a hot sunny day as it is well shaded.
Where: Collins Ave (view map)
When: daily
Price: free
Website: (visit website)
Author: SK
What's your opinion? Comment below
things to do / Walkssort listing by: title | location | date added
Yorkeys Knob Beach
Yorkeys Knob is a much larger and wilder beach than others on the tropical north coast.more info
Blue Arrow Walk Mt Whitfield
The Blue Arrow Circuit is 5.4km long and takes four to five hours return. It's a rugged bush track with steep climbs and should only be attempted by fit persons.more info
Behana Gorge Swimming Holes
Behana gorge is one of Cairns' best kept secrets. Rarely visited by tourists, this is a local secret spot. It is probably less frequented than other water holes around Cairns as the walk to the top of the gorge (where the best pristine swimming spots are) is a long one.more info
Josephine Falls Swimming Holes
Josephine Falls (approx 1 1/2 hours from Cairns City) Experience a scenic walk through dense rainforest that takes you to the foot of a waterfall. Dominating the view is Mt Bartle Frere, Queensland's highest mountain.more info
Mossman Gorge Swimming Holes
Mossman Gorge (approx 1 1/2 hours from Cairns City) For a taste of the Daintree without having to go too far north try Mossman Gorge. Situated just out of the township of Mossman this area offers excellent swimming opportunities, picnic facilities and a selection of short walks through World Heritage Rainforest.more info
Mamu Canopy Walk
Elevated walkways, a cantilever and observation tower offer visitors the exhilarating experience of being high in the rainforest canopy and provide spectacular panoramic views of World Heritage rainforest landscapes.more info
Airport Mangrove Boardwalk
Two easy walks over boardwalk though the mangroves just near the airport. Perfect activity for biding your time waiting to pick up people from the airport - or anytime you want to learn more about the mangroves surrounding Cairns.more info
Crystal Cascades Swimming Holes
Crystal Cascades (15-20 minutes from Cairns City Centre) Perhaps the best known and most frequented freshwater creek near Cairns City. Crystal Cascades sits at the end of Freshwater Valley and provides an oasis of green rainforest, sparkling clear water and plenty of deep pools for swimming.more info
The Boulders Swimming Holes
The Boulders (approx 1 hour south of Cairns City) A dramatic mix of huge granite boulders, clear rushing water and plenty of good lookouts makes this creek a must see during the wet. Fortunately there is a large and deep swimming area next to the car park to stop the temptation of venturing near slippery rocks and fast water.more info
Stony Creek Falls Swimming Holes
Stony Creek Falls (10-15 minutes from Cairns City Centre) This small creek tucked in amongst the suburb of Rainforest Estate provides a quick and easy escape from the hot steamy days of a Cairns summer. At the end of Stony Creek Road a gate signals the start of a path that takes you along the creek to an old weir.more info
Barron Gorge Waterfalls
There is nothing quite like Barron falls in the wet season! This 260m waterfall is where the Barron river descends from the Atherton Tablelands to the Cairns coastal plain.more info


text:
Welcome to the first " who in the world" blog hop!!
Hosted by The coupon cutie & Chronicles of a crazy mom
We are just going to be featured on our blogs for now. We will use Facebook and twitter soon enough. Please follow both blogs and comment to let us know you are from blog hop!
http://chroniclesofacrazymom.blogspot.com/2011/03/who-in-world.html my post
here is the linky


text:
Discussion in 'On Topic' started by OPM Inc., Oct 3, 2003.
yay for me.
Get pics
You'll love it, I love mine
I love my sig...its more perfect than i imagined.
So far I love mine. What caliber are you picking?
I bought mine in .40, but was MIGHTY tempted to pick up a very slightly used one that was $40 cheaper and came with night sights installed.
But... it was .357
So why is it that you want the 40 over the 357 sig?
I am curious because I might get one today, but instead of Sig a Springfield
I have the .357 sig. You can just drop in a .40 barrel in it as well. What i've read the .40 barrel is more readily available than the .357 hence my reason for picking up the .357 sig.
I have a Glock in .40 as well.
Everything I read about .40 places it on top of my list for defensive calibers, it's now the most widely used Police caliber, balistics are close to .45 and capacity is close to 9mm.
could .40 be more widely used than .357sig because it's a lot older?
Only thing I've read that puts .357 above .40 is it's ability to penitrate glass which is why some state troopers use it.
I bought my 239 with a .40 barrel, but then I added a.357SIG barrel to it.
I am shooting it tomorrow.
I jst wish it was a little lighter for concealed carry.


text:
It's nearly impossible to surprise Ashley Parsons. But today, there was a rousing success as one of her best friends – a resident of Mexico – flew in for her 30th birthday.
Monthly Archives: April 2011
6 comments
tears in my eyes as I look at these for the 15th time. :)
so beautiful. LOVE that expression! :) so fun!
your wife has such a beautiful spirit. you can see it beaming!!!
oh my goodness. this. is. awesome. this photo series makes me want to hop in my car, drive on over, and squeeze both of you!
What a beautiful moment.
I love the first image best. Surprises are the spice of life. . . well, good ones at least. : )
If you'd allow me, I'd love to share a few thoughts about these guys. But not just regular, normal thoughts associated with a wedding. Let's the get the obvious out of the way: she does resemble Princess Jasmine. And yes, he's as big as Shrek (better looking though). But knowing these two stirs our souls toward something deeper. I'm hoping I can connect with a bit of that here.
We first met Natasha when she was a bridesmaid in another couple's wedding. Immediately, we connected with her – her love for life, her passionate excitement, the way she exudes life in every sentence she speaks. And we were taken quickly with her fiance, Grant. Having never met him, we loved that he was serving as a full time missionary in Haiti (which is also what my youngest sister is currently doing). We loved hearing about how he was giving his life away to those in the earthquake, poverty, and disease ravaged country. And we loved hearing that their plan following their wedding was to serve together there.
I rarely hear about much in Haiti these days. After the earthquake relief money was raised, celebrities seemingly have moved on, media coverage has died down, and yet the country is far from "fixed." Grant came home on a brief furlough from his time there to visit Natasha and we were lucky enough to meet him in person a few months ago. His stories about the current state of Haiti sent chills down our spines, as have my sister's stories. Grant is a man who played college football, is enigmatic, passionate, smart, driven, and funny. And immediately following school, he moved to Haiti. Without thought of the American dream, he's giving his life to those with terrible infection, cholera (which he contracted some months ago), and whose children have nothing to play with. Tent cities are everywhere. Food is scarce.
It stirs me because, I think, I am easily wrapped up in a convenient Western "bubble". We frequently use words like "epic" and "amazing" to describe things like movies and the newest, coolest music out there. I catch myself envying the big house down the street or the nicer car that passes me. So, seeing two people who are giving their time, energy, and talents to those who have nothing – two people who as newlyweds aren't intent on buying a house right now – two people who are finding the richness of life in the poorest of countries – those things point us to something deeper. Knowing Natasha and Grant is such a privilege and we're lucky to call them friends. More than that, knowing them is refreshing to my soul.
For one day, we were lucky enough to witness their giddy excitement as they gave their lives to each other.
"How good is God?" asked the pastor repeatedly as snow fell outside. "How good is God to prepare each of you for the other?" Knowing Natasha and Grant, and judging by the looks on their faces all day long – He IS good. Here is some of that goodness in pictures. Hope you enjoy:)
7 comments
haiti represented!!! wahoo!!!!!
also. these are ridiculous. you guys are ridiculous! i'm so glad i share your genes.
Wow, there are so many amazing images. You can just feel there love through them. Beautiful set!
Haha @ anna! I didn't see Jer until she mentioned it!
You guys. Seriously. This whole blog fast thing is obviously NOT going well with me. So I have decided to forget about fasting on your blog. I just can't.
The pizza shot reminds me of your sloppy joe shot. Heart-warming. And the goose bumps on her arm?? ARE YOU SERIOUS?? What don't you notice??
I just sighed a happy sigh. xoxo
Holy sheeeesh. I love this so much I feel like clapping. Joy absolutely did show up! Beautiful–Natasha, Grant and you both. (Btw, loved seeing a peek of Jer at the end. Love you guys!)
Wow. This shoot is fabulous. So many beautiful, creative shots!
Wow dudes! These are freaking amazing! Love the contrast of the pink shots with the green grass/tree shots underneath. Silky!
loves it. that shaving photo stopped me dead in my scroll down.


text:
Please remember to follow the manual of style and code of conduct at all times.
Check BNN and Bulbanews for up-to-date Pokémon news and discuss it on the forums or in the Bulbagarden Discord server.
User talk:SnorlaxMonster/Archive/5
|This page needs archiving
eevee to umbreon
But how do we know if it is day or night? I haven't played gen 3 games that much but i know that the clock we set is an analogue one and not a digital one. PS-I'm sorry for troubling u constantly with my questions.Auraguardian197 14:29, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
- It's analogue, but it also says AM or PM on the clock face itself (checked in my game). And don't worry, I don't mind your questions. --SnorlaxMonster 14:38, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
Sorry about editing the bell tower article. I thought that it was accidently written D,P and Pt. I'm really sorry.Auraguardian197 13:37, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
- Don't worry about it. It's an incredibly easy mistake to make. --SnorlaxMonster 13:40, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
why did you delete these glitches
o Bike music glitch
o Music glitch 2 (Above was an error i pressed submit twice) AWild------Appeared 14:42, 7 May 2012 (UTC)
- The cycling music is obviously intended not to be played on bridges; my guess would be that being so long, most people would always cycle along them and so would never hear the location music. I didn't delete the "Music glitch 2", I simply combined it with another glitch that worked on the same principle and called it "Music memory glitch". --SnorlaxMonster 13:22, 8 May 2012 (UTC)
Yeah I noticed that right there. But you deleted the Cry glitch which actually should be called a glitch. In case you didn't take it in properly:
Green HP: Healthy cry Orange HP: Dodgy cry Red HP: Healthy cry (o_O)
As you can see, there is a healthy cry in Red HP when it should sound terribly horrible. - unsigned comment from AWild------Appeared (talk • contribs)
- Oh, it looks like I didn't read it properly. I've added it back. --SnorlaxMonster 11:33, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
I'll try and find as many more glitches as I can. (I do this with practically every game in the world I like.) - unsigned comment from AWild------Appeared (talk • contribs)
- Wanting to tell you, when you click to go to "List of glitch Pokemon in Generation Whatsoever", instead of going to a page of glitch Pokemon, there's just the national Pokedex for that game. - unsigned comment from AWild------Appeared (talk • contribs)
Oh. - unsigned comment from AWild------Appeared (talk • contribs)
BW sprites
Not sure when, but some time ago I found this. There is a LOT of BW sprites there, probably all (split in Generations, and then Front, Front shiny, Back and Back shiny). They are gifs, though, but Archives has link to gif-to-png converter. Not sure if this/that could be used, but not many Pokémon have animated version of sprites from BW uploaded on Archives... Marked +-+-+ 13:25, 8 May 2012 (UTC)
- The issue is that they are not 90×90; the sprite rippers have cropped them when they ripped them. --SnorlaxMonster 13:31, 8 May 2012 (UTC)
I know that it's a minor thing but.. on the link templates page* the code for ash's friends is like this "Link template": {{Ashfr}} but at the "Code" column is: {{ashfr}}. Indeed they do link to the same page, but shouldn't they be the same ? Also, shouldn't {{Bulbapedia:Bots}}* this page be protected along with the link templates page ?----DJWolfy 16:54, 8 May 2012 (UTC)
- Made it consistent. It's pretty arbitrary whether it is upper or lowercase in articles (whereas I hate to see
{{P}}, and will always change it to
{{p}}). As for linking to other namespaces, you can link them like any other page, so Bulbapedia:List of link templates (or List of link templates). I've protected Bulbapedia:Bots. --SnorlaxMonster 11:33, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
- Great! Thanks! But shouldn't the link templates page also be protected ? Afterall, it's the most important to the editing community of BP.----DJWolfy 11:50, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
- Oh, I see. It was only autoconfirmed protected. I just looked at the protection tab and saw "unprotect" and assumed that it was completely protected. --SnorlaxMonster 11:58, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
- Great! Thanks! But shouldn't the link templates page also be protected ? Afterall, it's the most important to the editing community of BP.----DJWolfy 11:50, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
I think that Isamu's page is out of date because I took all appearances from his page. I did the same with all the Pokémon that appeared in the cooking competition.----DJWolfy 13:47, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
- Wait, I meant I copied the format from Blastoise's manga section and just replaced it with the respective Pokémon so I could save time.----DJWolfy 13:50, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
- Well, if the title contains lowercase for words that usually would be uppercase in a title, you should generally be suspicious and check the article. Translated Japanese names should not be used as display text for episodes/movies/specials/shorts/rounds/chapters. --SnorlaxMonster 13:56, 10 May 2012 (UTC)
Done (replying here since on my talk page I did reply that I didn't finished it). The only thing left that I can think of is the letter you find at his home after beating Elite Four, the one you read to get Beldum. Unsure if I should check it, though. Marked +-+-+ 11:19, 12 May 2012 (UTC)
- Wait. Why you erased quotes for Champion battle (RS) and Meteor Falls battle? They should stay. I didn't had them as they were already in article. Marked +-+-+ 11:55, 12 May 2012 (UTC)
Still need the images for the movies in AG086 ?----DJWolfy 17:17, 12 May 2012 (UTC)
- Yes. When they actually come on Pokémon.com though, I'll likely end up rewriting the section anyway. --SnorlaxMonster 08:10, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Uhm, actually I thought that I should get the images before the episode aires on the site. Right today ----DJWolfy 12:51, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- If you have the images, put them in. --SnorlaxMonster 12:58, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Uhm, actually I thought that I should get the images before the episode aires on the site. Right today ----DJWolfy 12:51, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
How should I name the files ? ----DJWolfy 13:22, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Like my images. "<movie name>.png". --SnorlaxMonster 13:25, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- I'm still missing the Armaldo movie and the Pichu Brother's one. I can't get those two because of the inappropiate placement of the watermak. Almost impossible to remove.----DJWolfy 13:32, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
Btw the link templates page has some inconsistencies
- the links for youtube are "Link template" = Yt and Ytu, while "Code" = yt and ytu
- the {{Adv}} template should be {{adv}} since it is used more than the former, trust me, everywhere I added manga appearances that's what I saw, plus adv would be better since are not initials rather a short term.----DJWolfy 13:43, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Also, why is there a {{type2}} template since {{type}} does the same thing ?----DJWolfy 13:53, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Template talk:Type2. Last time I brought it up with DETH, he didn't want to move it due to the name being too long anyway. --SnorlaxMonster 13:55, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Disregard logic, I don't see the point of keeping it that way but whatever... I'll be off in about half an hour so if you could take a look here. Since Ady is busy I don't want to bother him. Untill "Steven Stone" all has been fixed. Thanks SM ! ----DJWolfy 14:04, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Template talk:Type2. Last time I brought it up with DETH, he didn't want to move it due to the name being too long anyway. --SnorlaxMonster 13:55, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
- Also, why is there a {{type2}} template since {{type}} does the same thing ?----DJWolfy 13:53, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
That's great, we're on the same wave-length I see.----DJWolfy 14:06, 16 May 2012 (UTC) I wonder... if they did so much fuss about the {{g}} template because it should only be used in the games, then why no one mentioned that on the link templates page ? I mean, let's be serious, not many people click on the template's talk page.----DJWolfy 16:16, 17 May 2012 (UTC)
How about {{motto}}? Shouldn't that be added to the link templates page ?*----DJWolfy 20:32, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
- I've also noticed an {{E4}} template which is exactly as {{EF}}.----DJWolfy 20:35, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
{{E4}}redirects to
{{EF}}. I've added
{{motto}}. And yes, minor edits count towards TC and TCM. --SnorlaxMonster 10:34, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Good, how about the capitalization of Contests, Gym match and Gym referee ? Also, what's with the cross ?----DJWolfy 10:55, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
Dennou said that Gym Battle should be, but I asked you about Gym "match", also what's with the cross near some terms ?----DJWolfy 11:19, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- I have no reason to believe that the battle in "Gym Battle" should be capitalized. I don't think it should be. I'm interested in the source for it. The dagger is explained at the start of the article (and will be removed before it leaves my userspace). --SnorlaxMonster 11:23, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Ok then, still what should I do if I see a capitalized Gym Battle ? ----DJWolfy 11:30, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Gym Battle -> Gym battle. --SnorlaxMonster 11:31, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Sorry for causing confusion, I just erroneously thought that "battle" is always capitalized.--電禅Den Zen 11:34, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Then you should write it down in the uncapitalized section so everyone will know. Also, have you done something with the Epicode page ? Yeah I know I'm being a bit steadfast but it is important to BP.----DJWolfy 11:39, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- I don't think it is really necessary to put it there. Do you mean did I add Trouble in Big Town? Then yes. --SnorlaxMonster 11:49, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Then you should write it down in the uncapitalized section so everyone will know. Also, have you done something with the Epicode page ? Yeah I know I'm being a bit steadfast but it is important to BP.----DJWolfy 11:39, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Sorry for causing confusion, I just erroneously thought that "battle" is always capitalized.--電禅Den Zen 11:34, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Gym Battle -> Gym battle. --SnorlaxMonster 11:31, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- Ok then, still what should I do if I see a capitalized Gym Battle ? ----DJWolfy 11:30, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
Yes I see now, how about updating the digits for movies and PK shorts ? Or wait untill they are released ? Also, could you protect the page ?----DJWolfy 11:51, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
I see now, I'm rushing too much, well then... protection ?----DJWolfy 11:57, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
- I don't think the page really needs protection; if it gets abused, then I'll consider it. --SnorlaxMonster 11:58, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
Also, this section should be changed from On hand to Pokémon. Btw, do you got the receive e-mail feature enabled ?----DJWolfy 16:19, 21 May 2012 (UTC)
- Done, and yes I do. If a user has the feature disabled/no registered email address, E-mail this user will not appear in the toolbox in that user's userspace. --SnorlaxMonster 13:18, 23 May 2012 (UTC)
can i just join a project without any conditions like certain number of edits or do i get picked?Auraguardian197 19:08, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
- Everyone can join. It even says on the project's page "To join the project, simply add your name to the bottom of this list". Here's a list of Projects----DJWolfy 19:27, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
oh,thank u.Auraguardian197 19:34, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
Cheren's age
If you read this it says: The games also have you playing as protagonists older than the previous playable characters. Serebii is always accurate! It may not imply what exact age they are but they are definitely not 10/12! - unsigned comment from Solarbeam96 (talk • contribs)
- There is no proof of them being 15/17 either, that's why it was reverted. We need to be accurate. Sign your comments with ~~~~ next time too. Sneaking from page to page... It's the page-editing purple ghost... Gengarzilla! 16:02, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
There's also no proof of him being 10/12 either. So how is that accurate? --- - unsigned comment from Solarbeam96 (talk • contribs)
- We rely on using official sources, rather than other fansites when gathering the information for this wiki. And for the record, as the human he is (and so we are), Serebii isn't always accurate. We know they're at least ten years old because Cheren says he's known Bianca for ten years. Masatoshitalk 16:18, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
capitalized 'contests'
When i was going through some pages,i noticed that some 'contests'(link and normal text) are capitalized,while in some other pages they are not. So should they be capitalized or not? I capitalized one i saw so if it is wrong pls tell and i'll correct it. Thank u! Auraguardian197 18:40, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
- It depends, if you refer to Pokémon Contests then yes, but if you refer to another type of contest, ex: "Racing contest", or "Ash had a running contest with Morrison" then no.----DJWolfy 18:45, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
In the Pokemon Contests article many 'contests'(ex:Normal Rank 'contest','contests' are held,etc.) and in the dp062 article ("still upset about losing her(Dawn's) last 'contest') the 'contests' are not capatilized. Is it ok if i capitalize it?Auraguardian197 18:56, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
- Yes, everything that refers to Contests as Pokémon Contests, Normal Rank or any Rank Contest is a Pokémon Contest, Dawn being upset about losing a Contest refers to a Pokémon Contest.----DJWolfy 19:03, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
Thank u. I changed most of them. Btw i'd like know more abt subst:welcome,like who puts it etc. Can somebody help? Auraguardian197 20:06, 24 May 2012 (UTC)


text:
COPPER futures ended lower, as investors took profits after a rally that has seen prices rebound to the highest level in two months.
Copper for July delivery, the most actively traded contract, fell 2.2 cents, or 0.7 per cent, to $US3.1450 a pound on the Comex division of the New York Mercantile Exchange.
On Monday, the July contract had risen to $US3.1670 a pound, the highest settlement since March 6.
Prices have gained about four per cent in May, as investors grow more confident that China, the world's largest copper importer, will take steps to keep short-term growth from slipping.
Earlier this month, Beijing unveiled a blueprint for reforming its capital markets, steps investors believe will translate into growth for the world's second largest economy.
Copper is used in the manufacture of everything from pipes to air conditioners to iPhones, making it particularly sensitive to economic fluctuations.
"Prices are bumping against resistance after making a new high yesterday," said Bob Haberkorn, senior commodities broker at RJO Futures.
"Overall, however, it looks like the mood is much improved and copper has some strength."
The metal has also drawn support from concerns about a short-term supply shortfall.
Originally published as Copper prices drop after strong run


text:
Mommy brag
View Single Post
February 3rd, 2010, 03:37 PM
Ephesians 4:29
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: The Lonestar State
Posts: 50,214
I've been thinking about dropping reading from Ben's homeschool curriculum to focus completely on comprehension (starting now) and spelling (starting next year), so I decided to give him a standardized reading test this afternoon. (D.O.R.A.) Whoa?! All of the scores were exactly what I expected except one ... his word recognition was 10th grade!?!?! I expected 5th!!!
Here's the breakdown:
High Frequency Words (range K-3) = 2nd
Word Recognition (range K-12) = 10th
Phonics Subtest (range K-4) = 4th
Spelling (range K-12) = 2nd
Oral Vocabulary (range K-12) = 3rd
Comprehension (range K-12) = 1st
Thanks to tasha_mae for my siggy!
"If you want your children to be intelligent, read them fairy tales.
If you want them to be more intelligent, read them more fairy tales." ~Albert Einstein
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text:
Eminence Organics Pore Refining Collection Tube (Exclusive)
Natural Beauty Group is proud to introduce the exclusive Eminence Pore Refining Collection Tube, available only to NaturalBeautyGroup.com and BuyNaturalSkincare.com customers! This is a $90.00 value, yours for just $69! Tighten, clarify and refine pores with this fabulous collection for all skin types. The Pore Refining Collection Tube introduces you to the naturally exfoliating and refining benefits of organic skin care. Reveal younger, smoother skin with these vitamin and antioxidant rich treatments.
Tube Includes:
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- 1/2-oz Raspberry Pore Refining Masque
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- 1/2-oz Naseberry Treatment Cream
- 1/2-oz Sour Cherry Whip Moisturizer
Eminence Organics Pore Refining Collection Tube (Exclusive) Product Information
Additional Information
|Eminence Organics Pore Refining Collection Tube (Exclusive)
|Eminence Organic Skin Care
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|Travel Starter Set | Kit
|Volume in ounce(s)
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|Please refer to individual products for application.
|Please refer to individual products for ingredients.
|Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price
Eminence Organics Pore Refining Collection Tube (Exclusive) Reviews
Overall Rating:
Based on 14 Reviews
Stellar Collection
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Review by Lenda
Review By: Lenda
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Great set to try new products
Review By: Olena
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Blackberry Serum
Review By: Kimberly
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A little treat
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Great Set, Glad I to have it
Review By: Maria
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Exclusive Pore Refining Collection Tube
Review By: Elke
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Exclusive Pore Refining Collection Tube
Review By: Jessica
7/4/11Please do not discontinue this collection tube...I love all the products in this one.The serum is great and it also smells soooooo good.Everyone that needs help with there pores needs to get this tube.
Exclusive Pore Refining Collection Tube
Review By: Trish
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Exclusive Pore Refining Collection Tube
Review By: Kamerin
2/21/11I bought the pore refining collection because I was (at the time) having major breakouts! Within FIVE days of using the product my skin is clearer, smoother, and softer!! I have problem areas of redness around my nose, the redness is almost completely invisible now! I got a facial a month ago with only Eminence products, now it's the only thing I buy! This product doesn't need reviews .. it really does sell itself. One try and you'll be hooked for life, like myself!!!!
Exclusive Pore Refining Collection Tube
Review By: Swati
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Eminence Organics Pore Refining Collection Tube (Exclusive) Product Video
Be the first to do a video review of this product and we'll send you a product for free!
Please send all video review submissions to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please include the link to the product review, along with your contact & shipping information.


text:
Bob's Burgers Torpedo Jones T-Shirt
Everybody loves a washed up baseball star! Especially when they come to play in your minor league team. Show youre still a fan of Torpedo Jones with the Bobs Burgers Torpedo Jones T-Shirt. the soft white tee features Torpedo giving you and fellow fans a wink, surrounded by his name, because hes kind of a big deal.
- Additional Details
- Color: White
- Fit: Slim Fit. Standard Fit.
- Made In: Imported
- Made Of: 100% Cotton


text:
MINI introduced today two new special edition models in order to spread the contemporary London style around the world: the Baker Street and Bayswater editions. The MINI Bayswater comes with a Blue metallic exterior paintwork that was created exclusively for this edition, just like the interior design and the 17-inch light-alloy Sandblast wheels featuring high-gloss black surfaces and bright machined rim and spoke edges.
Still, if you don't like the Blue metallic exterior paintwork you can choose the Midnight Black metallic and Eclipse Grey metallic paint shades available for the MINI Cooper S and MINI Cooper SD.
In addition, the MINI Bayswater features a black contrasting roof, new Sport Stripes for the bonnet and for the mirror caps.
"Bayswater" lettering is found on the side indicator surrounds, door sills and seat tags. The interior features Punch Leather seats that come in the exclusive colour variant Rocklite Anthracite and feature side bolsters sporting a metallic sheen and blue and grey contrast stitching.
Moreover, the interior features Piano Black cockpit trim strips and leather Colour Line elements in Rocklite Anthracite. Furthermore, the MINI Bayswater comes with stainless steel pedals and the Chrome Line Interior package and includes the Pepper Pack in its range of equipment.
The MINI Bayswater special edition is offered with powerful engines, such as MINI Cooper (90 kW/122 hp), MINI Cooper S (135 kW/184 hp), MINI Cooper D (82 kW/112 hp) or MINI Cooper SD (105 kW/143 hp) trims. All the models are offered with a six-speed manual gearbox as standard, while a six-speed automatic features in the options range.
For those who don't know, the MINI Bayswater takes its name from an extremely vibrant area of London, located to the west of the city centre, halfway between the shopping hot spots of Knightsbridge and Notting Hill. This area is famous for its unusually high density of bars and restaurants.


text:
A known gang member who murdered two victims in order to steal their prescription drugs will spend his life in prison.
According to a spokesperson from District Attorney Charme Allen's office, Judge Scott Green sentenced gang member Benjamin Tillman Foust Thursday to two consecutive life sentences plus 105 years.
Foust, Teddie Allen Jones and Ashley Renee Tanner broke into a North Knoxville home in August 2011. They targeted their victims because one had recently had surgery and they knew he had opiate painkillers inside the home.
Foust and Jones beat the two victims to death with a hammer, stole pills and a shotgun, then set the home on fire.
"These victims were brutally murdered for a handful of pills," said District Attorney Charme Allen. "These two men have earned every day of their sentences."
Jones and Tanner pleaded guilty back in 2013. Teddie Allen Jones received two consecutive life sentences, plus 75 years. Ashley Renee Tanner received a 25 year sentence.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|22 Apr 2008
|Filing date
|24 Apr 2003
|Priority date
|24 Apr 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bernardus F. M. Vonk, Gustaaf A. P. Stoop, Volkert Zeijlemaker
|Original Assignee
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (53), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (4), Classifications (10), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to the field of implantable medical devices, and more particularly to implantable heart monitors and therapy delivery devices.
A wide variety of implantable heart monitors and therapy delivery devices have been developed including pacemakers, cardioverter/defibrillators, heart pumps, cardiomyostimulators, ischemia treatment devices, and drug delivery devices. Most of these cardiac systems include electrodes for sensing and sense amplifiers for recording and/or deriving sense event signals. Often the sense event signals are utilized to control the delivery of the therapy in accordance with a predefined algorithm.
Implantable pulse generators are well known in the prior art. Most demand pacemakers include sense amplifier circuitry for detecting intrinsic cardiac electrical activity so that the devices may be inhibited from generating unnecessary output electrical stimulating pulses when a heart is functioning properly. Dual-chamber cardiac pacemakers typically have separate sense amplifiers for atrial and ventricular sensing. The sense amplifiers detect the presence of intrinsic signals, such as P-waves occurring naturally in the atrium and R-waves occurring naturally in the ventricle. Upon detecting an intrinsic signal, sense amplifier circuitry generates a digital signal for output to other components which inhibit the delivery of a pacing pulse to the corresponding chamber.
It is desirable to accurately and reliably measure the response of the heart to an electrical stimulating pulse. Measuring such a response permits the determination of a patient's stimulation threshold, or the minimum energy a stimulating pulse must contain for a cardiac response to be evoked. Once a patient's stimulation threshold is determined, the energy content of stimulating pulses may be adjusted to avoid delivering pulses having unnecessarily high energy content. Minimizing the energy content of stimulating pulses is believed to have physiological benefits, and additionally reduces power consumption, a key concern in the context of battery-powered implantable devices.
Detection and measurement of the response of the heart to an electrical stimulating pulse may also be useful in controlling a pacemaker's pacing rate, for ascertaining the physiological effect of drugs or for diagnosing abnormal cardiac conditions.
Immediately following delivery of a pacing pulse to cardiac tissue, a residual pace polarization artifact (also called a post-pace polarization artifact or a pace polarization signal) is generated by the charge induced in the electrode tissue interface by delivery of a pacing pulse. If the pacing pulse captures the heart and causes an evoked response in the cardiac tissue, then an evoked response signal is superimposed atop the typically much larger amplitude pace polarization artifact. As a result, conventional pacemakers or pacemaker-cardioverter-defibrillators ("PCD's") either cannot differentiate, or have difficulty differentiating, between pace polarization artifacts and evoked response signals. This problem is further complicated and exacerbated by the fact that residual pace polarization artifacts typically have high amplitudes even when evoked response signals do occur. Consequently, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to detect an evoked response signal using a conventional pacemaker or PCD sense amplifier employing linear frequency filtering techniques. As a result, most pacemakers cannot discern between pace polarization artifacts and evoked response signals.
Most pacemakers employ sensing and timing circuits that do not attempt to detect evoked response signals until the pace polarization artifact is no longer present or has subsided to some minimal amplitude level; only then is sensing considered reliable. In respect of capture detection, where the pacemaker detects whether the pacing pulse to the cardiac tissue evoked an effective stimulated response, such sensing typically occurs a significant period of time after the evoked response signal has already occurred. As a result, most pacemakers cannot detect evoked response signals with any degree of confidence.
The generation and delivery of an electrical pulse gives rise to the storage of charge in the electrode tissue interface. Such charge storage produces pace polarization artifacts, which typically have much larger amplitudes than those corresponding to electrical signals arising from an intrinsic heartbeat or a stimulated response. Pace polarization artifacts may also interfere with the detection and analysis of a stimulated or evoked response to a pacing pulse. Thus, a need exists in the medical arts for determining reliably whether or not an evoked response signal has occurred in a pacing environment.
Pace polarization artifacts typically arise due to the electrode-tissue interface storing energy after a pacing stimulus has been delivered. There are typically two electrode-tissue interfaces in a pacing circuit: one for the tip electrode, and one for the ring (or canister) electrode. The stored energy dissipates after the pace event, creating the after-potential.
In respect of the impedance sensed by a pacemaker's internal circuitry, the total load of the pacing circuit comprises the impedance of the lead itself, the electrode-tissue interface impedances, and the impedance of the body tissue bulk. The impedances of the body tissue and the lead may be modeled as a simple series bulk resistance, leaving the electrode-tissue interfaces as the reactive energy absorbing/discharging elements of the total load. The tip electrode is the primary after-potential storage element in comparison to the case and ring electrodes. In a pacing circuit, a ring electrode typically stores more energy than does a case electrode due to differences in electrode areas.
Several methods have been proposed in the prior art for improving an implantable device's ability to detect and measure evoked responses. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,172,690 to Nappholz et al., entitled "Automatic Stimulus Artifact Reduction for Accurate Analysis of the Heart's Stimulated Response," hereby incorporated by reference herein its entirety, proposes a tri-phasic stimulation waveform consisting of precharge, stimulus, and postcharge segments. The duration of the precharge segment is varied until the amplitude of the pace polarization artifact is small compared to the evoked response.
Other disclosures related to the same general subject matter include the U.S. Patents listed below in Table 1.
U.S. Pat. No.
Issue Date
Wittkampf et al.
Feb. 24, 1987
Begemann et al.
Nov. 27, 1990
Hemming et al.
Sep. 21, 1999
All patents listed in Table 1 above are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their respective entireties. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate readily upon reading the Summary of the Invention, Detailed Description and claims set forth below, many of the devices and methods disclosed in the patents of Table 1 may be modified advantageously by using the teachings of the present invention.
In general, the invention provides solutions to problems existing in the prior art by providing devices and methods for improved pacemaker operation. For example, the invention provides an implantable medical device system designed to stabilize pacemaker electrode polarization signal drift.
In general, polarization signals, which are the voltages measured at the interface between the pacemaker electrode and the patient's tissue, are not constant. In the absence of frequent applied stimulation, polarization signals vary or drift. In cases where pacing pulses are applied on a frequent basis, the voltage at the electrode-tissue interface remains comparatively constant or stable, with comparatively little drift. When a pacing pulse is applied to an electrode that has experienced little polarization signal drift, compensation techniques may be used effectively to minimize the resulting pace polarization artifact. After long periods of inhibition, i.e., long periods in which no stimulation is applied, the drift is often substantial, and the electrode-tissue interface is unstable. Prior art devices do not address the problem of drift, and do not stabilize the polarization signal at the electrode-tissue interface prior to stimulation following a long period of inhibition.
The amount of drift depends generally upon factors such as the electrode being used, the pulse shape and the characteristics of the patient's body. When a pacing pulse is applied to an electrode that has experienced polarization signal drift, a large pace polarization artifact usually results. Techniques for compensating for pace polarization artifacts are less effective if the polarization signal has drifted. Thus, although a pace polarization artifact may be minimized in a sequence of electrical stimulations, a significant pace polarization artifact may reappear following a stimulation that comes after a lengthy period of inhibition.
The invention provides apparatus and methods for stabilizing the electrode voltage, counteracting the effects of drift. One object and advantage of the invention is to facilitate beat-to-beat capture. Significant drift can lead to high pace polarization artifacts, which interfere with detection of invoked responses and thus hinder capture. By counteracting drift after long periods of inhibition, the invention reduces pace polarization artifacts and enhances capture.
A further object and advantage of the invention is its usefulness in termination of tachycardia, or rapid heart beat. Anti-tachycardia pacing depends upon coordinating stimuli with the cardiac activity, but pace polarization artifacts interfere with the measurement of cardiac activity. Counteracting drift can reduce pace polarization artifacts and can make cardiac monitoring more efficient. With improved cardiac monitoring, anti-tachycardia paces may be applied at appropriate times to break the tachycardia.
A further advantage and object of the invention is that it may be implemented using existing hardware, thus requiring no additional space, no new connections, and no supplemental equipment.
Various embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
IMD 10 in
As shown in
Microcomputer circuit 58 preferably comprises on-board circuit 60 and off-board circuit 62. Circuit 58 may correspond to a microcomputer circuit disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,453 to Shelton et al., hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. On-board circuit 60 preferably includes microprocessor 64, system clock circuit 66 and on-board RAM 68 and ROM 70. Off-board circuit 62 preferably comprises a RAM/ROM unit. On-board circuit 60 and off-board circuit 62 are each coupled by data communication bus 72 to digital controller/timer circuit 74. Microcomputer circuit 58 may comprise a custom integrated circuit device augmented by standard RAM/ROM components.
Electrical components shown in
Continuing to refer to
Digital controller/timer circuit 74 is preferably coupled to sensing circuitry 91, including sense amplifier 88, peak sense and threshold measurement unit 90 and comparator/threshold detector 92. Digital controller/timer circuit 74 is further preferably coupled to electrogram (EGM) amplifier 94 for receiving amplified and processed signals sensed by lead 18. Sense amplifier 88 amplifies sensed electrical cardiac signals and provides an amplified signal to peak sense and threshold measurement circuitry 90, which in turn provides an indication of peak sensed voltages and measured sense amplifier threshold voltages on multiple conductor signal path 67 to digital controller/timer circuit 74. An amplified sense amplifier signal is then provided to comparator/threshold detector 92. By way of example, sense amplifier 88 may correspond to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,459 to Stein, hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The electrogram signal provided by EGM amplifier 94 is employed when IMD 10 is being interrogated by an external programmer to transmit a representation of a cardiac analog electrogram. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,063 to Thompson et al., hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Output pulse generator 96 provides pacing stimuli to patient's heart 8 through coupling capacitor 98 in response to a pacing trigger signal provided by digital controller/timer circuit 74 each time the escape interval times out, an externally transmitted pacing command is received or in response to other stored commands as is well known in the pacing art. By way of example, output amplifier 96 may correspond generally to an output amplifier disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,868 to Thompson, hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The specific embodiments of input amplifier 88, output amplifier 96 and EGM amplifier 94 identified herein are presented for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to be limiting in respect of the scope of the present invention. The specific embodiments of such circuits may not be critical to practicing some embodiments of the present invention so long as they provide means for generating a stimulating pulse and are capable of providing signals indicative of natural or stimulated contractions of heart 8. Also, some embodiments of the invention can use active polarization compensation.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, IMD 10 may operate in various non-rate-responsive modes, including, but not limited to, DDD, DDI, VVI, VOO and VVT modes. In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, IMD 10 may operate in various rate-responsive, including, but not limited to, DDDR, DDIR, VVIR, VOOR and VVTR modes. Some embodiments of the present invention are capable of operating in both non-rate-responsive and rate responsive modes. Moreover, in various embodiments of the present invention, IMD 10 may be programmably configured to operate so that it varies the rate at which it delivers stimulating pulses to heart 8 only in response to one or more selected sensor outputs being generated. Numerous pacemaker features and functions not explicitly mentioned herein may be incorporated into IMD 10 while remaining within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention is not limited in scope to single-sensor or dual-sensor pacemakers, and is not limited to IMD's comprising activity or pressure sensors only. Nor is the present invention limited in scope to single-chamber pacemakers, single-chamber leads for pacemakers or single-sensor or dual-sensor leads for pacemakers. Thus, various embodiments of the present invention may be practiced in conjunction with more than two leads or with multiple-chamber pacemakers, for example. At least some embodiments of the present invention may be applied equally well in the contexts of single-, dual-, triple- or quadruple-chamber pacemakers or other types of IMD's. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,465 to Thompson et al., hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, as are all U.S. Patents referenced therein.
IMD 10 may also be a pacemaker-cardioverter-defibrillator ("PCD") corresponding to any of numerous commercially available implantable PCD's. Various embodiments of the present invention may be practiced in conjunction with PCD's such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,186 to Olson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,316 to Keimel, U.S. Pat. No. 5,314,430 to Bardy, U.S. Pat. No. 5,131,388 to Pless and U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,723 to Baker et al., all hereby incorporated by reference herein, each in its respective entirety.
The atrial/SVC lead shown in
The coronary sinus lead 41 shown in
Implantable PCD 10 is shown in
IMD 10 is provided with an electrode system. If the electrode configuration of
Electrodes 2 and 3 are located on or in the ventricle and are coupled to the R-wave amplifier 37, which preferably takes the form of an automatic gain controlled amplifier providing an adjustable sensing threshold as a function of the measured R-wave amplitude. A signal is generated on R-out line 39 whenever the signal sensed between electrodes 2 and 3 exceeds the present sensing threshold.
Electrodes 9 and 13 are located on or in the atrium and are coupled to the P-wave amplifier 43, which preferably also takes the form of an automatic gain controlled amplifier providing an adjustable sensing threshold as a function of the measured P-wave amplitude. A signal is generated on P-out line 45 whenever the signal sensed between electrodes 9 and 13 exceeds the present sensing threshold. The general operation of R-wave and P-wave amplifiers 37 and 43 may correspond to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,824, by Keimel et al., issued Jun. 2, 1992, for "An Apparatus for Monitoring Electrical Physiologic Signals," hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Switch matrix 47 is used to select which of the available electrodes are coupled to wide band (0.5-200 Hz) amplifier 49 for use in digital signal analysis. Selection of electrodes is controlled by the microprocessor 51 via data/address bus 53, which selections may be varied as desired. Signals from the electrodes selected for coupling to bandpass amplifier 49 are provided to multiplexer 55, and thereafter converted to multi-bit digital signals by A/D converter 57, for storage in random access memory 59 under control of direct memory access circuit 61. Microprocessor 51 may employ digital signal analysis techniques to characterize the digitized signals stored in random access memory 59 to recognize and classify the patient's heart rhythm employing any of the numerous signal processing methodologies known to the art.
The remainder of the circuitry is dedicated to the provision of cardiac pacing, cardioversion and defibrillation therapies, and, for purposes of the present invention may correspond to circuitry known to those skilled in the art. The following exemplary apparatus is disclosed for accomplishing pacing, cardioversion and defibrillation functions. Pacer timing/control circuitry 63 preferably includes programmable digital counters which control the basic time intervals associated with DDD, VVI, DVI, VDD, AAI, DDI and other modes of single and dual chamber pacing well known to the art. Circuitry 63 also preferably controls escape intervals associated with anti-tachyarrhythmia pacing in both the atrium and the ventricle, employing any anti-tachyarrhythmia pacing therapies known to the art.
Intervals defined by pacing circuitry 63 include atrial and ventricular (AV) pacing escape intervals, the refractory periods during which sensed P-waves and R-waves are ineffective to restart timing of the escape intervals and the pulse widths of the pacing pulses. The durations of these intervals are determined by microprocessor 51, in response to stored data in memory 59 and are communicated to pacing circuitry 63 via address/data bus 53. Pacer circuitry 63 also determines the amplitude of the cardiac pacing pulses under control of microprocessor 51.
During pacing, escape interval counters within pacer timing/control circuitry 63 are reset upon sensing of R-waves and P-waves as indicated by signals on lines 39 and 45, and in accordance with the selected mode of pacing on time-out trigger generation of pacing pulses by pacer output circuitry 65 and 67, which are coupled to electrodes 9, 13, 2 and 3. Escape interval counters are also reset on generation of pacing pulses and thereby control the basic timing of cardiac pacing functions, including anti-tachyarrhythmia pacing. The durations of the intervals defined by escape interval timers are determined by microprocessor 51 via data/address bus 53. The value of the count present in the escape interval counters when reset by sensed R-waves and P-waves may be used to measure the durations of R-R intervals, P-P intervals, P-R intervals and R-P intervals, which measurements are stored in memory 59 and used to detect the presence of tachyarrhythmias.
Microprocessor 51 most preferably operates as an interrupt-driven device, and is responsive to interrupts from pacer timing/control circuitry 63 corresponding to the occurrence sensed P-waves and R-waves and corresponding to the generation of cardiac pacing pulses. Those interrupts are provided via data/address bus 53. Any necessary mathematical calculations to be performed by microprocessor 51 and any updating of the values or intervals controlled by pacer timing/control circuitry 63 take place following such interrupts.
Detection of atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmias, as employed in the present invention, may correspond to tachyarrhythmia detection algorithms known in the art. For example, the presence of an atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmia may be confirmed by detecting a sustained series of short R-R or P-P intervals of an average rate indicative of tachyarrhythmia or an unbroken series of short R-R or P-P intervals. The suddenness of onset of the detected high rates, the stability of the high rates, and a number of other factors known in the art may also be measured at this time. Appropriate ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection methodologies measuring such factors are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,380 issued to Vollmann, U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,005 issued to Pless et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,006 issued to Haluska et al., all incorporated by reference herein, each in its respective entirety. An additional set of tachycardia recognition methodologies is disclosed in the article "Onset and Stability for Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Detection in an Implantable Pacer-Cardioverter-Defibrillator" by Olson et al., published in Computers in Cardiology, Oct. 7-10, 1986, IEEE Computer Society Press, pages 167-170, also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Atrial fibrillation detection methodologies are disclosed in Published PCT Application Ser. No. US92/02829, Publication No. WO92/18198, by Adams et al., and in the article "Automatic Tachycardia Recognition", by Arzbaecher et al., published in PACE, May-June, 1984, pp. 541-547, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
In the event an atrial or ventricular tachyarrhythmia is detected and an anti-tachyarrhythmia pacing regimen is desired, appropriate timing intervals for controlling generation of anti-tachyarrhythmia pacing therapies are loaded from microprocessor 51 into the pacer timing and control circuitry 63, to control the operation of the escape interval counters therein and to define refractory periods during which detection of R-waves and P-waves is ineffective to restart the escape interval counters.
Alternatively, circuitry for controlling the timing and generation of anti-tachycardia pacing pulses as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,577,633, issued to Berkovits et al. on Mar. 25, 1986, U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,005, issued to Pless et al. on Nov. 14, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,380, issued to Vollmann et al. on Feb. 23, 1988 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,970, issued to Holley et al. on May 13, 1986, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, may also be employed.
In the event that generation of a cardioversion or defibrillation pulse is required, microprocessor 51 may employ an escape interval counter to control timing of such cardioversion and defibrillation pulses, as well as associated refractory periods. In response to the detection of atrial or ventricular fibrillation or tachyarrhythmia requiring a cardioversion pulse, microprocessor 51 activates cardioversion/defibrillation control circuitry 79, which initiates charging of the high voltage capacitors 33 and 35 via charging circuit 69, under the control of high voltage charging control line 71. The voltage on the high voltage capacitors is monitored via VCAP line 73, which is passed through multiplexer 55 and in response to reaching a predetermined value set by microprocessor 51, results in generation of a logic signal on Cap Full (CF) line 77 to terminate charging. Thereafter, timing of the delivery of the defibrillation or cardioversion pulse is controlled by pacer timing/control circuitry 63. Following delivery of the fibrillation or tachycardia therapy microprocessor 51 returns the device to q cardiac pacing mode and awaits the next successive interrupt due to pacing or the occurrence of a sensed atrial or ventricular depolarization.
Several embodiments of appropriate systems for the delivery and synchronization of ventricular cardioversion and defibrillation pulses and for controlling the timing functions related to them are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,105 to Keimel, U.S. Pat. No. 5,269,298 to Adams et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,472 to Mirowski et al., hereby incorporated by reference herein, each in its respective entirety. Any known cardioversion or defibrillation pulse control circuitry is believed to be usable in conjunction with various embodiments of the present invention, however. For example, circuitry controlling the timing and generation of cardioversion and defibrillation pulses such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,384,585 to Zipes, U.S. Pat. No. 4,949,719 to Pless et al., or U.S. Pat. No. 4,375,817 to Engle et al., all hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, may also be employed.
Delivery of cardioversion or defibrillation pulses is accomplished by output circuit 27 under the control of control circuitry 79 via control bus 31. Output circuit 27 determines whether a monophasic or biphasic pulse is delivered, the polarity of the electrodes and which electrodes are involved in delivery of the pulse. Output circuit 27 also includes high voltage switches that control whether electrodes are coupled together during delivery of the pulse. Alternatively, electrodes intended to be coupled together during the pulse may simply be permanently coupled to one another, either exterior to or interior of the device housing, and polarity may similarly be pre-set, as in current implantable defibrillators. An example of output circuitry for delivery of biphasic pulse regimens to multiple electrode systems may be found in the above cited patent issued to Mehra and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,727,877, hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
An example of circuitry which may be used to control delivery of monophasic pulses is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,427 to Keimel, also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Output control circuitry similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,953,551 to Mehra et al. or U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,883 to Winstrom, both incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, may also be used in conjunction with various embodiments of the present invention to deliver biphasic pulses.
Alternatively, IMD 10 may be an implantable nerve stimulator or muscle stimulator such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,428 to Obel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,218 to Carpentier et al. or U.S. Pat. No. 5,330,507 to Schwartz, or an implantable monitoring device such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,966 issued to Bennet et al., all of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein, each in its respective entirety. The present invention is believed to find wide application to any form of implantable electrical device for use in conjunction with electrical leads.
Drift may be counteracted by application of one or more electrical pulses that alter the level of charge stored at the electrode-tissue interface. One process for counteracting drift, therefore, is to apply one or more pulses following a predetermined period of inhibition. By altering the level of stored charge, the pulses stabilize the electrode-tissue interface. The pulses may be effective, i.e., timed to evoke a contraction of cardiac tissue, or the pulses may be non-effective, i.e., not timed to evoke a contraction of cardiac tissue.
One embodiment of the invention counts the number of cardiac cycles occurring with inhibition, i.e., without a pacemaker-supplied pacing stimulus, and provides a pulse 86 on the Nth cycle. The number N may vary from patient to patient, and depends upon the electrode being used for pacing, the pulse shape, and the characteristics of the patient's body. For a typical patient, N may be on the order of 10 to 100 cardiac cycles. When a cardiac cycle occurs without a pacemaker-supplied stimulus, an inhibition period 82 is entered. During inhibition period 82, IMD 10 determines 84 whether N inhibitions have occurred, i.e., whether N cardiac cycles have taken place without stimulation. If N inhibitions have not occurred, a counter increments 86 upon each inhibition. If N cycles have occurred, one or more pulses are applied and the counter resets 86. Microcomputer circuit 58 may include algorithms to use past responses as a basis for determining the most beneficial number of pulses for a particular patient with a particular inhibition period.
A pulse 86 may be timed to evoke ventricular depolarization, thus evoking a QRS complex (denoting ventricular depolarization) and a following T-wave (denoting ventricular repolarization). Many IMD's sense the Q-T interval as a part of their rate response and the measured Q-T interval is useful to the rate response algorithm. An advantage of such a pulse is that it can be used to update the Pace-T time, i.e., the measured time between pacing stimulus and T-wave, which in turn is a useful indicator for capture or loss of capture in a beat-to-beat capture verification system.
Alternatively, pulse 86 may be timed to evoke a trigger pace, i.e., timed to coincide with the natural pacing stimulus of the heart. Such pulses result in fusion complexes, where the natural stimulation and the IMD stimulation fuse into a single stimulation signal. Such stimulation does not disturb the intrinsic timing of the natural cardiac cycle.
Another alternative embodiment is depicted in the flow chart illustrated in
In calculating the characteristics of the extended pulse 114, typically the amount of extension of pulse width depends upon the amount of drift. The amount of drift in turn depends upon the length of the inhibition period, upon the characteristics of the electrode and upon the characteristics of the patient's body. Microcomputer circuit 58 may include learning algorithms to use past results as a basis for calculating the length of the pulse extension for a particular patient with a particular inhibition period. The object of the learning is to determine, for a particular patient with a particular inhibition period, the characteristics of pulses that tend to stabilize the electrode-tissue interface. Past results may indicate whether a pulse of a longer or shorter duration is indicated for a particular inhibition period for a particular patient. The learning algorithms may also calculate whether more than one extended pulse may be beneficial, or whether a particular wave shape is beneficial. After a brief trial-and-error learning phase, microcomputer circuit 58 may calculate the characteristics of an appropriate extended pulse 114 in an efficient manner. An advantage of this method is that it may use fewer pulses to stabilize the electrode-tissue interface than other methods.
The preceding specific embodiments are illustrative of the practice of the invention. It is to be understood, therefore, that other expedients known to those skilled in the art or disclosed herein, may be employed without departing from the invention or scope of the appended claims. The present invention is also not limited to pacemakers per se, but may find further application for other medical devices that electrically interface with the heart. The present invention further includes within its scope methods of making and using the implantable medical device described above.
In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of wooden parts a nail and a screw are equivalent structures.
This application is intended to cover any adaptation or variation of the present invention. It is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and equivalents thereof.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
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|29 Feb 2008
Owner name: MEDTRONIC, INC., MINNESOTA
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|24 Oct 2011
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|By Business Wire
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|February 5, 2013 07:45 AM EST
VVL Systems & Consulting is a premier consulting company that primarily serves the U.S. intelligence community. The company focuses on delivering agile data centers by leveraging cloud computing, automation and orchestration.
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1 http://www.forbes.com/sites/microsoft/2011/02/15/kundra-outlines-cloud-first-policy-for-u-s-government/
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Northbrook, Illinois (PressExposure) July 31, 2009 -- MyBioIdenticalHormones recently announced the launch of path breaking new strategy of creating and studying biological blueprints and turning the knowledge to the patients' advantage whilst treating his short term or long term ailments. It is popularly identified as a domain where medical expertise is combined with evidence based information to craft the ideal formula to attain and maintain perfect health.
MyBioIdenticalHormones is a domain that has been launched to inspire and encourage individuals to pursue good health and maintain optimal wellness through the latest in medical research and technology. MyBioIdenticalHormones takes a sympathetic and empathetic view of the patients' plight with the medical panel placing themselves in the patients' situation to fully understand the ailment as well as the burdened path along which the patient has been traveling.
MyBioIdenticalHormones works on the premise that it is not possible to use the same treatment mould for each patient as everyone has their own biologically unique blueprint. Once this blueprint is read and interpreted correctly, it can be utilized to the patients' advantage. The new stream of medicine is hailed as a friendly and viable alternative to allopathic, primary care practice where physicians assess patients with a common yardstick and cannot adequately address individual complications and needs of their given situation.
MyBioIdenticalHormones is the brain child of Dr. Maria Kraszynska M.D., who is a leading expert in the fields of alternative medicine, bio-identical hormone replacement and anti-aging. She has been practicing integrative medicine since 1996 and has developed very successful treatment protocols based on metabolic, hormonal and genetic testing. Each treatment protocol has been developed based on Dr. Kraszynska's vast experience in working with thousands of chronically ill patients as well as those seeking rejuvenation and optimal health.
In the words of Dr. Maria Kraszynska M.D., "Our health care approach is customized and extensively researched to perfectly fit the patient for whom it has been designed. This approach has repeatedly proven itself to be most effective in every aspect of our medical practice."