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Hecarim Build Guide by GlavTech
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Hecarim Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
An Explanation of the Magic of Suf...feriendship? Sufferiendship, yes.
Hecarim has been my main since he was released back in April 2012. I picked him up on the day that he was released, and played him for about a week straight (in both top and jungle.)
From my endless amounts of gameplay since then, I have formatted two equally effective (I'm partial to build two) builds for Jungle Hecarim.
Hecarim is meant to be played as an aggressive jungler, ganking top as often as possible, and even counterjungling a bit (I like to steal the enemies big wraith after blue buff, as hecarim's clear is fast enough to get out without conflict.) His role in a team fight is to initiate the fight, survive the fight, and cleanup the fight.
He does this with his teamfight and chasing oriented kit, with Spirit of Dread and Spirit Visage working together to keep the pony alive.
Altogether, Hecarim is my all-time favorite jungler in the game. If you dislike him, go rot in the canterlot dungeons.
Pony Pros / Clopper Cons
High Mobility
Tanky (in either build)
Good Damage (in either build)
Amazing initiate potential (ult pops banshees, and still goes through)
One of the best dances in the game.
One of the best gankers in the game.
Brony References
Needs to pick up gold momentum to do well.
Easily whiffable ultimate.
Often is forced ulting in order to escape.
Has no instant gap closers besides his ult, only a speed up.
If your team doesn't do much damage, Spirit of Dread isn't useful.
The Elements of Harmony; Hecarim's Skillset
Warpath:Hecarim ignores unit collision and gains attack damage equal to 10% / 12.5% / 15% / 17.5% / 20% / 22.5% / 25% of his bonus movement speed
Warpath's anti-unit collision is probably the best feature. The bonus AD isn't a huge amount, generally around 20-30 bonus AD late game. It is there though, and it can help in some situations.
Rampage:Active: Hecarim cleaves nearby enemies, dealing damage. This skill deals only 66% damage to minions and monsters.
If Hecarim damages at least one enemy unit with this attack, he gains a stack of Rampage, reducing the base cooldown of this skill by 1 second for a short duration. This effect can stack up to 2 times.
This is how Hecarim gets a lot of his cleartime, and AoE damage. It's also why CDR is so good on him. Rampage is what you max second, remember that. Do not max it first, Spirit of Dread is more important.
Spirit of Dread: Active: Hecarim surrounds himself with the spirit of dread for 4 seconds, dealing magic damage per second to all enemies within its reach. Additionally, Hecarim is healed for a percentage of the damage enemies within the area take from any source. Healing from damage dealt to minions is capped per cast.
Oh my god I bloody love this spell. Spirit of Dread is the spell that nobody notices, but makes Hecarim the most annoying to fight. The 30% healing late game makes you harder to kill than Dr. Mundo in a team fight.
Devastating Charge: Active: Hecarim gains 75% movement speed, starting with initial 25% upon cast, over the course of 3 seconds, ending one second afterward. His next attack knocks the target back, dealing damage based on how far Hecarim has traveled during Devastating Charge's duration.
While Hecarim is charging, he gains 150 extra range (325 total).
Devastating Charge is hilariously useful. If you're smart, use it to run passed whoever you're chasing, then knock them back in the direction you want them to. The added range is hilarious as well, for reasons that aren't viable. It's just funny.
Onslaught of Shadows:Hecarim summons spectral riders and charges forward, damaging enemies in the path.
Hecarim releases a shockwave when he finishes his charge, dealing additional damage to enemies and forcing them to flee in terror from Hecarim for 1 second.
Onslaught of Shadows is the spell that Hec is famous for. It's the big blue ult that you see before you die. Yeah, that one. The spell seems straightforward, but it really isn't. It can be used to initiate, or escape.
Just one tip though; the ult isn't fear... it's terror. The difference? Terror causes people to run in a straight line away from Hecarim. They run in a line away from where Hecarim lands, so position the landing circle so they go where you want them to.
I normally don't talk about skill order, but there is argument here.
One thing that I see a lot of Hecarims do is max Rampage before Spirit of Dread. Why do they do this? Because they assume that because your main source of damage is Rampage, it's important to max it first.
Heres the thing; Rampage scales better on CDR than AD and Leveling. Leveling it up is not nearly as important as the sustain and tankiness you get from Spirit of Dread. It's just not worth your skill points.
Max Rampage second, Spirit of Dread is more important.
Itemization; Build One
Philosopher's Stone +
Your GP10 items. These boost your economy, so that it's easier to grab Trinity Force (your main source of damage.)
Mercury's Treadsare what you are generally going to want to buy, due to the Tenacity. However; Ninja Tabi are equally viable, if an Auto Attack based champion gets fed, and you want a counter.
TONS OF DAMAGE!!! Trinity Force is the item that, does in fact, allow you to do Tons of Damage™. All three sides of the Triangle assist Hecarim, giving him all the offensive stats you'll need for the game.
Spirit Visage increases Healing by 15%, and also give CDR. Both of these help Hecarim in Teamfights, and the Healing Increase combined with Spirit of Dread make you near immortal.
Shurelya's Reverie Shurelya's Reverie is your replacement for Ghost in build one. It's a great chasing item, and gives your Philosopher's Stone a late game purpose.
Frozen Heart lets you shut down any AD Carry, and because you jump right into the middle of a teamfight, you'll shut them down very early. The armor and mana are nice too.
Randuin's Omen can be built with or instead of Frozen Heart. If you have to choose, go with the Frozen Heart. Active < Passive for items that do the same basic thing.
Your core is Mercury's Treads, Trinity Force, Spirit Visage and Frozen Heart. Shurelya's Reverie is nearly core, but you don't always build it.
Other options to build instead of Randuin's Omen and Shurelya's Reverie:
Force of Nature is what you want to build when you start seeing some fed casters. The health regen is also nice.
Guardian Angel makes you even more immortal. Really helps against people like Varus who can stop your Spirit of Dread from keeping you alive; it give you something to fall back on.
Sunfire Cape is an all around great item for Hecarim. It's two stats that help, and the passive is nice. It's just an option against people like Darius or Cho'Gath (Gives you help against True Damage, without having to build Warmog's.)
Zeke's Herald Zeke's Herald is a better item for the second build, but you can build it if you want to, I suppose.
Altogether, build one plays sort of like a support-tank, with less damage but more survivablity than build two. Use it if you can tell from champion select that you're either going to get counter jungled out of some farm, or lanes are going to be really hard to get money from ganking.
Itemization; Build Two
For whatever reason, a lot of people hate Wriggle's Lantern. In my opinion, its an extremely aggressive and chance based option. (Build two is, to be honest.) My personal playstyle fits it, as I'm extremely aggressive with ganks and whatnot.
Mercury's Treadsare what you are generally going to want to buy, due to the Tenacity. However; Ninja Tabi are equally viable, if an Auto Attack based champion gets fed, and you want a counter.
Wit's End is an item that Bruiser-Hec is best friends with. The Magic Resist is lovely, and the Attack Speed (when combined with the slow from Frozen Mallet or Red buff gives you the power to permaslow people.
Frozen Mallet is everything that the second build of Hecarim wants. Health, Damage, Slows? Oh hell yeah. Using Wit's End, you can get off the permaslow I mentioned.
Spirit Visage increases Healing by 15%, and also give CDR. Both of these help Hecarim in Teamfights, and the Healing Increase combined with Spirit of Dread make you near immortal.
The Bloodthirster is simple what you sell Wriggles in order to buy. It's the same thing as Wriggles, just bigger and without the ability to ward.
Sunfire Cape is a bit more core on the second build, in my opinion. Barely though, it has essentially the same reasoning as in build one.
Your core items for the second build are Mercury's Treads, Wit's End, Frozen Mallet, and Spirit Visage. While The Bloodthirter and Sunfire Cape are options to finish off, they aren't the only ones.
Zeke's Herald Zeke's Herald is a good alternative to Bloodthirster if you have a team with more then one other right clicker. EX: You have a Xin Top, or Pantheon Kill-Lane.
Force of Nature is what you want to build when you start seeing some fed casters. The health regen is also nice.
Guardian Angel makes you even more immortal. Really helps against people like Varus who can stop your Spirit of Dread from keeping you alive; it give you something to fall back on.
Frozen Heart is a bit different in build two, simply because building something that pricey late game is a bit difficult. It is, however, possible, and very viable.
Build Two is much more aggressive than build one, and it's also less safe. Build Two is more-so a high risk > high reward setup. If you build a wriggles, but then start sucking, you're going to need alot of farm to get back up. However, if you do well, you're going to snowball into nearly a hardcarry during the teamfight phase. If you're confident that you can be aggressive, go with build two.
Runes (Both Builds)
Between both builds, the rune pages are almost the same. The only difference? Marks.
: I use Armor marks on the first build. Because this is a tank based build, the extra armor helps with surviving early clears (since I won't have attack speed or wriggles.)
: I uses Attack Speed runes for build two for the clear time and dueling potential. Because that build is designed around being a duelist/bruiser, the Attack Speed helps.
Those are the differences; the following runes are mutual to both builds.
: Armor Seals are pretty much staple for Jungling at the moment. They help for dueling as well, but you pretty much can't argue these.
: Scaling Magic res. is very nice, as you don't always go for Force of Nature, or any other negatron recipes. You could also do CDR, but you tend to hit max with Spirit Visage/Frozen Heart/Randuins, etc.
: YOU DON'T GET THESE FOR HIS PASSIVE. So many people argue that these aren't worth getting, because the passive doesn't help enough. You don't get them because of the passive, you get them because Hec is already faster than a midget on meth. Let's make him faster.
Masteries (Both Builds)
I don't like talking about Mastery Pages. Nobody actually looks at this section, and if you do, you really don't care. Masteries are rarely hard to figure out, and anyone can do them.
Build One: 0/21/9 for the tankiness/CDR/Movement speed in defense and the extra blue buff/mana/movement speed in utility.
Build Two: 8/13/9 for the attack speed + mastered ghost in Offense, tankiness in defense and the extra blue buff/mana/movement speed in utility.
If you have any questions, you might have a small learning disability.
If I even need to tell you why I don't have to explain Smite on a Jungler, then I don't want you reading my guide anymore.
Flash is the Summoner that I chose for the first build. In the second build, I chose Ghost for reasons I'll explain. The reason that I don't use it in the first build, however, is because Flash is a much more defensive Summoner than Ghost. Plus, I have Shurelyas if I need a movement boost.
Ghost is what I chose for the second build. Ghost is an extremely aggressive Summoner, allowing me to get a boost of Movement Speed (and AD from my passive) when ganking.
A quick note about competitive play.
In terms of Ranked play, I actually reccomend the GP10 and Triforce build over the Frozen Mallet and Wits End build.
I've been running both with my team, and I found a higher success rate with the Triforce build. The reasoning is simply because of the Jungle's current state, in terms of economy.
Junglers don't have a lane to feed themselves with, and Hecarim is already momentum based (no pun intended.) The GP10 items allow Hecarim do play Passively, while still having the agressive utility of his kit.
Frozen Mallet and Wits End lead to more kills and a more obvious victory, but I reccomend the Triforce build, due to the fact that you can survive without successfully ganking every time.


text:
A Phase 1, First-in-Human Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of AB0024 in Adult Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
This is a first-in-human, open-label, sequential dose escalation study to evaluate AB0024 in
patients with advanced solid tumors. The study will consist of two parts: Part A will be a
dose escalation, and Part B will be a dose expansion.The primary objective of this study is
to characterize the safety, tolerability, and PK of AB0024 after multiple IV administrations
in patients with advanced solid tumors. The secondary objectives are to measure the tumor
response by modified RECIST and to evaluate the formation of anti-AB0024 antibodies.
Patients will receive infusions of AB0024 every two weeks. Patients will be seen weekly for
safety assessments and collection of blood samples. Patients who do not show evidence of
disease progression by clinical assessment or by CT or MRI may continue receiving AB0024
every 2 weeks until disease progression (clinical or radiographic), study drug intolerance,
or withdrawal of consent.
Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
To characterize the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of AB0024 after multiple intravenous (IV) administrations in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Day 71
Patricia LoRusso, DO
Principal Investigator
Karmanos Cancer Institute
United States: Food and Drug Administration
June 2010
March 2012
|Karmanos Cancer Institute
|Detroit, Michigan 48201
|South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics
|San Antonio, Texas 78229

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Results 1 to 7 of 7
June 29th, 2004, 12:57 PM #1
- Join Date
- January 18th, 2005
- Posts
- 12
Hi David
I have crated the web pages from the latest Instock Data feed of GoCollect. But here I have faced the problem that in "ALL THAT JAZZ" category the links of the web pages of Click Here to view the Amazing Detail! are wrong URLs. Link is as well incomplete. For example, http://www.mysite.com/gifts-collectibles/all-that-jazz/"http://www.gocollect.com/promotions/jazz_detail.asp". I have search it where the problem then after that I found the problem. There is a problem in the Data feed of the GoCollect. I have download it again but the problem is still there. I have check that the number of web pages are only 12 in this category. Kindly guide me which link I have to enter for correct URL of each items.
June 29th, 2004, 01:29 PM #2
The problem is in the GoCollect.com datafeed file.
GoCollect.com has included a link as HTML in the description field. The gocollect.pl script does not expect there to be a link in that field so the script does not add your affiliate ID to it.
GoCollect.com should remove such "Click Here to view the Amazing Detail!" links from their datafeed.
The problem can be seen at: (this is my site)
In a future version of GoCollect.com, HTML will be removed from the description field.
In the mean time, you can delete that manufacturer "All That Jazz" by adding the following line to the end of the gocollect.ini file:
delete mfg.name =^= "all that jazz"
Yours truly,
Cusimano.Com Corporation
per: David Cusimano
June 29th, 2004, 07:18 PM #3
You let them know about it? Just checking so I don't call Lauren tooDeborah Carney
TeamLoxly.com BookGoodies.com ABCsPlus.com
June 29th, 2004, 08:53 PM #4
I emailed the URL to this thread to Lauren.
Yours truly,
Cusimano.Com Corporation
per: David Cusimano
June 30th, 2004, 09:37 AM #5
Lauren's reply (2004/06/30) to this issue is:

quote:
... all html links will be removed from the description column of the datafeed file by the end of next week.

So, next week when GoCollect.com adjusts the datafeed, you should redownload it and then rerun gocollect.pl
Yours truly,
Cusimano.Com Corporation
per: David Cusimano
June 30th, 2004, 09:40 AM #6
- Join Date
- January 18th, 2005
- Posts
- 12
Thanks for your anticipation.
June 30th, 2004, 12:29 PM #7
Easy for them to sayDeborah Carney
TeamLoxly.com BookGoodies.com ABCsPlus.com
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Astro Kitchen fuses Japanese and French cuisine beautifully
A Gem in a Torrance mini-mall shows how well an unlikely culinary mash-up can work.
by Richard Foss
The fusion of Japanese and French cuisines is one of the weirdest success stories in culinary history. French cuisine uses rich, heavy sauces based on cream and cheese, neither of which the Japanese historically regarded as food, and meat, which they ate sparingly. French cooking is rich in long-simmered stocks, Japanese in light, clear seafood-based broths. The French enjoy deep, tannic red wines paired with courses, while the Japanese drink the same delicate sakes and shochus throughout a meal. The two countries are already on opposite sides of Earth, but their cooking might have come from different planets.
On paper a combination like this shouldn't work, but in your mouth it does, and one of the places to get it is the oddly named Astro Kitchen, a little restaurant by the corner of Artesia and Van Ness.
The name suggests food that really is from another planet, perhaps another solar system, but as soon as you walk in and see the bottles of sake and wine next to the vintage posters of the Riviera, you know what's going on. The menu includes dishes as rustic as French onion soup and ratatouille on one hand, eggplant with soy ginger and vinegared octopus on the other, and since the chef is from Iwate in the far north of Japan there are a few regional dishes not often seen on local Japanese menus. My companion and I puzzled over the offerings for some time, asked a patient server named Sanae for help, and finally ordered rather too much food because we didn't know how big the portions were.
We started with Japanese appetizers of cold tofu with Jaja sauce and fried octopus with shisito peppers, and fusion dishes of seared duck breast and pork ribs with honey mustard sauce. Jaja sauce itself is a fusion item, a Japanese variant of a Korean version of a northern Chinese item. It's a salty soybean sauce with ground pork that Koreans make pungent with garlic and vinegar, while Japanese prefer it mild. This was less meaty and also less salty than any I've had before, which makes sense as it was served over delicate fresh tofu rather than the usual noodles. Jaja is usually hearty comfort food, and this kept the spirit while remaining light and fresh.
The octopus was a bit more standard, lightly fried in a crisp seasoned batter. The meat is a bit firmer and more flavorful than squid, which may be good or bad depending on your attitude toward calamari. I happen to like it, and happily crunched my way through this.
I had been interested in seeing what they'd do with the duck breast because duck isn't traditionally eaten in Japan. The seven thin slices of rare meat were treated like sashimi, served in a light soy and rice wine sauce with ginger and some mustard on the side. The mustard wasn't needed, because it was perfect just as it was. The pork ribs were less impressive, meaty and tender but almost unseasoned and tasting mainly of meat and smoke from the grill. It was good backyard barbecue and something I could easily do at home.
That was not the case with the next item to arrive, the oddly named bell pepper, sea chicken, and prosciutto salad. The "sea chicken" actually was tuna, the red and yellow bell peppers had been sautéed to sweetness, and the tuna had been tossed in with sesame oil, capers, olives, and a dusting of green onion and sesame. The effect was Mediterranean with a hint of Japan, and it was brilliant. I can't imagine returning without ordering this again.
The wine list by the glass was short and not particularly interesting, so after the first course we decided we wanted to learn more about the barley shochus that are offered. Our server recommended two different styles, and we found the Suzume to be like a low-alcohol vodka, while Kannoko resembled a scotch and water. Since Scotch whisky and this shochu are both made of cask-aged barley and shochu is low alcohol, the resemblance was no great surprise. It was pleasant but I'll probably order sake or wine next time.
For mains we ordered a scallop, chicken, and macaroni gratin and a spaghetti carbonara, knowing as we did that these would not greatly resemble the European originals. French gratins involve meat and root vegetables baked in a creamy garlic sauce after being topped with breadcrumbs and Gruyere or another richly flavored cheese, but the Japanese variant usually uses a mild cheese and omits the garlic. That was what happened here, and it works with a delicate ingredient like scallops that would be overwhelmed by a funky Gruyere. It was a fine showcase for the virtues of French-Japanese fusion.
The carbonara didn't work quite as well because there was so little cheese and garlic in the sauce and only tiny specks of bacon. The flavors were in balance but too timid to hold our interest, and we yearned for a more traditional bold carbonara. We had almost ordered the French-style beef tongue stew, and wished we had stayed with that because it would have been better alongside the gratin.
Pudding or ice cream was offered, but we were full after over-ordering on our starters. Our waistlines might pay a price for that, but our wallets weren't badly injured, as the price for too much food with two glasses of wine and two shochus was only $92. This was a spectacular bargain for excellent food in this pretty environment, and Astro is now at the top of my list for the great deals in the South Bay. The place is small so reservations are recommended, but even if you have to wait a bit it's worth it.
Astro Kitchen is at 2212 Artesia in Torrance. Open daily 6 p.m. – 1 a.m., parking lot, some vegetarian/vegan items. Wine, beer, sake, and shochu served, corkage $12. No website, phone 310-329-9006.
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Chicago Gets Kevyn Adams, Phoenix Receives Radim Vrbata
by Paul on 08/11/07 at 02:47 PM ET
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via the Chicago Blackhawks, The Blackhawks have acquired C Kevyn Adams from Phoenix in exchange for RW Radim Vrbata.
added 1:53pm,
General Manager Dale Tallon announced today that the Blackhawks have acquired center Kevyn Adams from the Phoenix Coyotes in exchange for forward Radim Vrbata.
"In Kevyn Adams we're getting a veteran player who is extremely versatile, is a good skater and is a very good face-off man," said Tallon. "Kevyn has won a Stanley Cup and is a proven leader."
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Climate study shows coming changes bad for Southern Plains, maybe good for Northern Plains
Digging into the Obama administration's recently released National Climate Assessment for the Great Plains reveals both near-apocalyptic news for the Southern Plains — and some actual benefits to the Northern Plains.
The report notes that the coming years will continue the "trend toward more dry days and higher temperatures across the Southern Plains." This is will have a number of ill effects, including decreased water supplies, reduced electrical transmission capacity and increased cooling demands, as the number of 100-degree days per year increase in Oklahoma and Texas. Expect more droughts and desertification of marginal lands.
Meanwhile in the Northern Plains — particularly the Dakotas -- projected increases in precipitation "will benefit productivity by increasing water availability through soil moisture reserves during the early growing season." However, this benefit comes with the possibility of "fields too wet to plant."
Climate change would also increase the length of the growing season in South and North Dakota, "possibly allowing a second annual crop in some places and some years."
Warmer winters, however, could aloes bring more pests and weeds. Also, early emerging crops could be nipped by spring freezes.


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So then what does being a Sitefinity Partner mean for Radixweb? Firstly, we become a recognized member of a global community consisting of more than 200 partners. Radix has already been working with Telerik controls for more than 3 years. So this partner status certifies us as Sitefinity experts. It certifies the superior quality of our Sitefinity development, integration, and consulting services. Our partner status allows us priority access to Sitefinity's upgrades and third party components for integrations. We get access to a wider array of Sitefinity components. We also gain access to several product licenses which means we offer a more authenticated development. We also get wider exposure and better promotion due to this partner status.
But most importantly, we get priority support from Telerik's technical team. In case of a technical roadblock Telerik's very own technical team supports and guides us. As a result, we offer rapid development and deployment of applications at reduced cost.
In addition to Sitefinity Partner, Radix is also a Microsoft Gold Certified Partner and Kentico Partner. We specialize in Dotnet development platforms ASP.Net, VB.Net, & C#.Net. We offer services in COTS custom solutions and Microsoft's enterprise integration services. We develop enterprise applications, web-based business management systems, e-commerce applications, and networking communities.
To know more about our Dotnet application development services, visit us at http://www.dot-net-developer.net/
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Radixweb, an offshore outsourcing IT services provider Company which offers services like website development, web programming, mobile application development, cloud application development, open source development, dotnet development services, embedded technology development, application maintenance and re-engineering.


text: Encephalitozoon intestinalis (Cali et al.) Hartskeerl et al. (ATCC® 50651™) Strain Designations: CDC:V297 / Depositor: GS Visvesvara / Biosafety Level: 2 General Information Characteristics Culture Method History Documentation Print Email Share Share this product Facebook Twitter Google+ Permits and Restrictions View Permits Strain Designations CDC:V297 Application Enteric ResearchFood and waterborne pathogen researchOpportunistic pathogen research Biosafety Level 2 Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country. Isolation Clinical isolate from 26-year-old man with AIDS, California, 1993 Product Format frozen Storage Conditions Frozen Cultures:-70°C for 1 week; liquid N2 vapor for long term storageFreeze-dried Cultures:2-8°CLive Cultures:See Protocols section for handling information Type Strain no Comments flow cytometric analysisdetection of drug-induced effects in infected green monkey kidney cellsWestern blot and immunofluorescence analysisControl strain for enterocytozoan identificationcharacterization Growth Conditions Temperature: 35°C Cell Line: ATCC® CCL-26™ (kidney, African green monkey) Cryopreservation Harvest and Preservation Harvest the culture by gently agitating the contents of each flask. Transfer all but approximately 1 mL of the culture medium to 15 mL plastic centrifuge tubes. Detach the remaining tissue culture cells (infected and uninfected) by scraping the surface of the flask with a cell scraper. Pass the resulting cell suspension through a syringe equipped with a 27 gauge 1/2 in needle and pool this suspension with the culture fluid. Spin the cell suspensions at approximately 50 x g for 3 min, to remove the cellular debris. Transfer the spore suspensions (supernatants) to new 15 mL plastic centrifuge tubes. Centrifuge at 1300 x g for 10 min. Pool the spore pellets and adjust the concentration to 2.0 - 4.0 x 107 cells/mL with a fresh solution of Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. *If the concentration is too low centrifuge at 1300 x g for 10 min and resuspend in the volume of Hank's Balanced Salt Solution required to yield the desired concentration. Mix the spore preparation and 20% (v/v) DMSO in equal portions. The final concentration will be 1.0 - 2.0 x 107 cells/mL and 10% DMSO. The time from the mixing of the cell preparation and the cryoprotective solution before the freezing process begins should be no less than 15 min. and no more than 30 min. Dispense in 0.5 mL aliquots to 1.0-2.0 mL sterile plastic screw-capped cryules (special plastic vials for cryopreservation). Place the vials in a controlled rate freezing unit. From room temperature cool at -1°C/min to -40°C. If the freezing unit can compensate for the heat of fusion, maintain rate at -1°C/min through the heat of fusion. At -40°C plunge into liquid nitrogen. Alternatively, place the vials in a Nalgene 1°C freezing apparatus. Place the apparatus at -80°C for 1.5 to 2 hours and then plunge ampules into liquid nitrogen. (The cooling rate in this apparatus is approximately -1°C/min.) Store in either the vapor or liquid phase of a nitrogen refrigerator. To thaw a frozen ampule, place it in a 35°C water bath such that the lip of the ampule remains above the water line. Thawing time is approximately 2 to 3 minutes. Do not agitate the ampule. Do not leave ampule in water bath after thawed. Immediately after thawing, aseptically transfer contents to a T-25 tissue culture flask containing a fresh monolayer of ATCC® CCL-26™ cells and 10 mL ATCC® 30-2003 with 3% (v/v) HIFBS. Outgas the flask for 10 seconds with a 95% air, 5% CO2 gas mixture. Incubate in a 35°C CO2 incubator with the caps screwed on tightly. Name of Depositor GS Visvesvara Special Collection NCRR Contract Year of Origin 1993 References Gatti S, et al. Extraintestinal microsporidiosis in AIDS patients: clinical features and advanced protocols for diagnosis and characterization of the isolates. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 44: 79S, 1997. PubMed: 9508459 Croppo GP, et al. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis of a human isolate of Encephalitozoon cuniculi established in culture from the urine of a patient with AIDS. J. Parasitol. 83: 66-69, 1997. PubMed: 9057698 Moss DM, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of microsporidia belonging to the genus Encephalitozoon. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 371-375, 1999. PubMed: 9889221 Moura H, et al. Detection by an immunofluorescence test of Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores in routinely formalin-fixed stool samples stored at room temperature. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 2317-2322, 1999. PubMed: 10364604 del Aguila C, et al. Identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores in respiratory samples from an AIDS patient with a 2-year history of intestinal microsporidiosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35: 1862-1866, 1997. PubMed: 9196210 Croppo GP, et al. Identification of the microsporidian Encephalitozoon hellem using immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 122: 182-186, 1998. PubMed: 9499364 del Aguila C, et al. Ultrastructure, immunofluorescence, western blot, and PCR analysis of eight isolates of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis established in culture from sputum and urine samples and duodenal aspirates of five patients with AIDS. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 1201-1208, 1998. PubMed: 9574677 Bornay-Llinares FJ, et al. Immunologic, microscopic, and molecular evidence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis (Septata intestinalis) infection in mammals other than humans. J. Infect. Dis. 178: 820-826, 1998. PubMed: 9728552 Scaglia M, et al. Asymptomatic respiratory tract microsporidiosis due to Encephalitozoon hellem in three patients with AIDS. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26: 174-176, 1998. PubMed: 9455527 Leitch GJ, et al. Use of fluorescent probe to assess the activities of candidate agents against intracellular forms of Encephalitozoon microsporidia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41: 337-344, 1997. PubMed: 9021189 He Q, et al. Effects of nifedipine, metronidazole, and nitric oxide donors on spore germination and cell culture infection of the microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon intestinalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40: 179-185, 1996. PubMed: 8787902 Da Silva AJ, et al. Detection of Septata intestinalis (Microsporidia) Cali et al. 1993 using polymerase chain reaction primers targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region. Mol. Diagn. 2: 47-52, 1997. del Aguila C, et al. In vitro culture, ultrastructure, antigenic, and molecular characterization of Encephalitozoon cuniculi isolated from urine and sputum samples from a Spanish patient with AIDS. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 1105-1108, 2001. PubMed: 11230434 Sobottka I, et al. Disseminated Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis infection in a patient with AIDS: novel diagnostic approaches and autopsy-confirmed parasitological cure following treatment with albendazole. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2948-2952, 1995. PubMed: 8576351 Molestina R, Becnel JJ, Weiss LM. Culture and Propagation of Microsporidia. In Microsporidia: Pathogens of Opportunity, First Edition, Chapter 18: pp. 457-467, 2014. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Permits These permits may be required for shipping this product: Customers located in the state of Hawaii will need to contact the Hawaii Department of Agriculture to determine if an Import Permit is required. A copy of the permit or documentation that a permit is not required must be sent to ATCC in advance of shipment. Basic Documentation Product Sheet Certificate of Analysis SDS


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Taste of Doral Food Tour for the American Cancer Society
5 food and 4 drink tickets included in the price! Price: $37 Doral Chamber Members | $47 Non-Doral Chamber MembersREGISTER TODAY
5 food and 4 drink tickets included in the price! Price: $37 Doral Chamber Members | $47 Non-Doral Chamber MembersREGISTER TODAY
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The Attorney Marketing Annex™ is a lawyer referral service that grew out of the realization that most attorneys receive their clients from referrals from other attorneys.
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We offer a variety of membership levels to fit businesses of all sizes and needs, each with an attractive portfolio of benefits to help your business thrive. Join us today!
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The Doral Chamber of Commerce is a 501 (c)(6) Not-For-Profit Organization serving the Business Community since 2008. Our mission is to assist area businesses create new revenue streams, helping the City meet the needs of its residents and business partners, and assist individuals meet their personal needs and goals through seminars, workshops, networking events and other innovative educational programs.


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Kamal Haasan turns make-up artist
Prakash Raj was surprised to see actor-filmmaker Kamal Haasan double-up as a make-up artist on the sets of his upcoming film 'Thoonga Vanam'.
Kamal Haasan
The 'Wanted' actor took to Twitter and shared a picture of Haasan, 60, doing his make up.
"Look at his passion and eye for details.. A moment to cherish as the legend himself prepares me for the day. Cheers," Prakash tweeted.
The Tamil thriller, directed by Rajesh M Selva, also stars Trisha Krishnan, Kishore and Sampath Raj.


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Last week, I was about 20 minutes into a lecture on "Focus" when I realized that I was giving what might very well have been the most discombobulated presentation of my entire career. Standing there before a roomful of people who had come to learn about focus, speaking in real time to keep from entering […]
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*** It's a free app that will hopefully help your daily finance and reimbursement. Best if it's used in daily or weekly calculations. *** The app is ...
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Finance | Android
*** It's a free app that will hopefully help your daily finance and reimbursement. Best if it's used in daily or weekly calculations. *** The app is good to go and covers basic needs of our customers! But, what else is needed? Let us know through "more" tab in the app or simply visit our website please! *You don't know what this app do exactly and you don't want to read any further? Check out our Youtube video! and/or also try the lite version to capture everything you need to know about this app in seconds! Yes, it's that simple! *** Simply Receipts is the ultimate receipts and expenses organizer! With quick, easy to navigate features that capture your receipts as soon as you need them, you no longer have to worry about scanning, photocopying or logging in details for your professional or personal expenses. Simply Receipts strives to be one of the most useful tools available at your fingertips and we want to evolve our look, feel and updates in accordance to your needs. You could help develop the future direction of our app by providing comments, reporting any bugs or recommending additional features on our easy to use feedback form. Simply Receipts: - converts all of your receipts into easily manageable reports that you can preview in an html table - allows you to edit and finalize before downloading or submitting in Microsoft Excel .cvs format - quickly compresses all of your receipts while keeping the integrity of your file's resolution - provides a default sender option where you can add a contact and then save one as a default. - has a simple, convenient and intuitive interface that is easy to learn
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Discussion in 'Entertainment' started by Corz, Mar 5, 2009.
just about to link that... they show more ryan reynolds, no scarring and not baraka. baraka fucker has cyclops powers?
thats weapon XI... crunks was right.. but something tells me thats our deadpool
gay gay GAAA-HAY!!
i'm almost sure that the 'deadpool' toy isn't wade now.
deadpool in name only.
part of me gets the feeling that ryan/wade is going to share the glory at the end of the film and we'll see Deadpool fully scarred and/or in costume at the end of the film or post credits
maybe it's Corsair
This is NOT Ryan Reynolds ...
You're actually seeing Scott Summers in that preview, Pre-X-men Scott...
Sabretooth is chasing him down for weapon X to throw his powers into the clusterfuck Weapon XI... who's a manufactured mutant who has Deadpool's fighting ability, Wolverine's Healing Factor (explains the blades coming out of his wrists... because he'd fight well with them as deadpool... and would need to heal to use them) and you can clearly see him shooting an optic blast into ... something ... in the teaser.
He's blasting a cooling tower at 3 Mile Island.
Film School Rejects did a pretty decent piece on this: http://www.filmschoolrejects.com/news/x-men-origins-wolverine-solving-the-deadpool-mystery.php
Hmmmm... if that's true, what a fucking crazy origin. I guess, like they say, so long as it gets us to the Deadpool we all know and love, I'll accept it. If not, they really fucked it up.
if weapon Xi turns out to be fantomex...
like they actually use that name...
i'm going to throw up and laugh hysterically at the same time...then cry


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As cheaper to fly Aeroflot : Promo code
- check the company's website
- statement
- consent to the provision of services
Today the concept of promotional code has expanded beyond retail and a major air carrier,as "Aeroflot", the history of which dates back to 1923, does not lag behind the latest technology to provide services.Shares can take advantage of any potential passenger who often do not even use air transport "Aeroflot" company.Promo code discount is a certain set of numbers and letters, as in any other company.
to conclude a deal with the company and enter the bonus program, using the method of promo - code, you need to select the section "Aeroflot - bonus" on the home page of the official site.After referring to the terms of the bonus program, must register and agree to the processing of personal data, which somehow need to fill in the questionnaire.
necessarily require an email address and adrez natural person to buyout the company and will send within two weeks of a special card "Ae
Award miles are awarded depending on the direction and the value of the ticket.Before doing promo - codes for the family, you need to study in detail the information on the site.The program can use any passenger from 2 years old.Only 12-year-old children registered in the program "Junior", which is routine.Upon reaching the age of these years, participation has been going on in the "Aeroflot Bonus".
Interestingly, you can earn miles or flying, and using a certain type of credit card.For example, "VISA Savings - Aeroflot".To withdraw money from the card is irrelevant, but every dollar put into the "piggy bank" is 1 mile.So, even without flying, you can accumulate bonuses and bonuses ever still use them.You can also use the services of other banks, which cooperate with the "Aeroflot".
acquiring bonus card, of course, is now more profitable to fly planes "Aeroflot", and the program can be expanded to all kinds of affiliate programs that provide services or taxi booking hotel while traveling.With all partners to provide services is also available on site.And even flying other airlines that are partners, you can earn miles.Many are concerned about how to deal with information on the provision of bonuses and their write-off, where a promo code.All this information should be tracked in your account as a pin - code there is.He is known only to the party, and is not stored in the system.
responsible for its confidentiality and security shall be party to the bonus program, is also party to avoid personal data inaccurate, you should promptly send in the "Aeroflot Bonus", if such a change occurred.this is sent a written statement signed by the participant, on the basis of which the employees themselves make a difference.Status information is also available accounts in real time.
also party to avoid personal data inaccurate, you should promptly send in the "Aeroflot Bonus", if such a change occurred.this is sent a written statement signed by the participant, on the basis of which the employees themselves make a difference.Status information is also available accounts in real time.


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Our NCS graduates
In the last financial year our NCS graduates volunteered 3330 hours, and raised over £3,500 for charity.
The National Citizen Service (NCS) is an excellent government scheme created for all 15-17 year olds. Courses take place in the spring, autumn and summer half-terms, offering meaningful activities during these times without impacting on educational timetables.
The course is delivered in three phases:
During the first phase everyone attends an exciting residential camp at an outdoor activity centre – this will be for two weeks in the summer and three days in the spring and autumn. Whilst on this adventure, participants are encouraged, and positively challenged, to participate in new and exciting activities such as rock climbing, kayaking and surfing. All of the activities are designed to encourage team building, improve communication, independence and confidence.
Phase two involves a week of workshops which are all designed to introduce community issues, highlight areas for personal development, inspire and positively challenge participants. During this time young people will develop essential and practical life skills, including first aid, fitness, budgeting and cooking.
Phase three is a Social Action Project, which is planned and developed by participants, resulting in many fantastic volunteering opportunities that benefit local communities.
Once everyone has successfully completed all three phases, there is a graduation ceremony for participants to attend with their family and friends - which always provides a great opportunity for everyone to share their positive and inspirational experiences and achievements. Each NCS participant will be rewarded with a certificate signed by the Prime Minister.
How can the NCS programme help me?
The NCS course is universally recognised by both employers and UCAS as demonstrating evidence of working within a team and taking part in extra-curricular activities. Both of which are really important for your CV and university applications.
In addition to this, you'll also have a fantastic time and the opportunity to get to know new people!
What will be expected of me?
The course is designed to challenge you and to get you to step out of your comfort zone - so we will encourage you to take part in as many of the activities as possible. However, we wont make you do anything that you don't want to – so if you really dont want to take part in an activity, then we won't make you.
Attend for the whole course, graduate and have fun – that's all that we ask of you!
Who can sign up to NCS?
All young people aged between 16 and 17 in Bournemouth and Poole can sign up to BCHA's NCS programme – just as long as you will not turn 18 during the course. Click here to download an application form.
How do I sign up?
Click here to visit the NCS website where you will be able to express your interest in the course.
Alternatively you can email us directly at: email@example.com or call us on 01202 410550, and we will be happy to answer any questions that you may have.
For more information about the NCS programme, take a look at this handy NCS Complete Guide Booklet.
Work for NCS
BCHA are looking for Team Leaders to join our NCS team for our Summer 2017. As a Team Leader you will be motivating and encouraging a team of young people through a variety of challenges and team building activities. As well as learning new skills that employers love, you'll be helping 15 to 17-year-olds to have an experience of a lifetime.
For more information and to apply visit our Careers Page


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 24, 2012
|Filing date
|Aug 14, 2008
|Priority date
|Aug 14, 2008
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gene H. Arts
|Original Assignee
|Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (163), Non-Patent Citations (14), Classifications (6), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
This present disclosure relates to surgical devices which incorporate electro-surgical energy and gas plasmas. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to an improved apparatus and method for igniting the plasma.
2. Background of Related Aft
Surgical devices using gas plasma to conduct electrosurgical energy to a patient are well known in the art, as are techniques for igniting the gas plasma, and creating a plasma arc. Several of these techniques require creating a sufficiently strong electrical field that can ignite the plasma. One such technique is to move the tip of an electrode very close to the surgical site. The electric field along a path between the electrode and the surgical site increases as the separation between the electrode and the surgical site decreases. The electric field created between the electrode and the surgical site reaches a level sufficient to ignite the plasma. Another technique for igniting the gas plasma is to use a pointed electrode which generates a stronger electrical field at the tip, assisting in plasma ignition.
In yet another technique, a corona or corona discharge is created to ignite the plasma. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,213,999, the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference, creating a corona discharge is achieved using a corona return electrode. The corona return electrode is located on the surgical handpiece and is electrically connected to the return potential of the electrosurgical generator. The corona return electrode is physically distinct from the electrosurgical return electrode although they are both electrically in circuit with the return potential of the electrosurgical generator. A dielectric barrier is required to prevent arcing between the active electrode and the corona return electrode. The dielectric barrier may also be used to prevent arcing between the ionized gas and the corona return electrode. A non-uniform electric field is generated between the corona return electrode and the active electrode. If sufficiently strong, this electric field causes a corona to form around the active electrode. The corona subsequently aids in the ignition of the plasma arc.
In each of the aforementioned techniques, a sufficiently strong electric field is necessary to ignite the gas. Once the gas is ignited and a plasma arc is formed a weaker electric field may maintain the plasma arc.
Provided is an ignition system for initiating a plasma arc in an electrosurgical system. The system comprises a source of high frequency electrical energy having a terminal of active potential and a terminal of return potential, a base having a distal end from which the plasma arc emanates, an active electrode operatively coupled with the base and electrically in circuit with the terminal of active potential, and a piezoelectric device electrically coupled to the active electrode to create at least one high voltage spark when the system is initially activated.
The ignition system may further include a corona return electrode operably coupled to the base and electrically in circuit with the terminal of return potential, the corona return electrode coupled to the active electrode adjacent to the distal end of the base to form a corona discharge adjacent the distal end of the base member. The ignition system may further include a dielectric member disposed between the active electrode and the corona return electrode.
The ignition system may also include a heater configured to preheat the active electrode prior to activation. The heater may utilize a current source selected from at least one of a DC current, AC current and RF current to preheat the active electrode prior to activation. The current source may be provided by the source of high frequency electrical energy. The current source may also be provided by an independent current source. The ignition system may also include a current sensor.
The piezoelectric device includes a striking mechanism. The striking mechanism may continuously activate until a current sensor senses a current, whereupon a source of electrosurgical current maintains a normal current.
Further provided is a method of using a plasma ignition system for initiating a plasma arc in an electrical system. The method comprising the steps of providing an electrosurgical device comprising, a source of high frequency electrical energy having a terminal of active potential and a terminal of return potential, a base having a distal end from which the plasma arc emanates, an active electrode operatively coupled with the base and electrically in circuit with the terminal of active potential, and a piezoelectric device electrically coupled to the active electrode to create at least one initial high voltage spark when the system is initially activated, energizing the active electrode and actuating the piezoelectric device to create an increased voltage near the distal end of the holder thereby initiating a plasma arc. The electrosurgical device may further includes a corona return electrode operably coupled to the base and electrically in circuit with the terminal of return potential. The method may further include the step of actuating the corona return electrode to assist in initiating the plasma arc.
The electrosurgical device may further include a heater configured to preheat the active electrode prior to activation. The method further including the step of activating the heater.
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended figures. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, one particular embodiment is shown. It is understood, however, that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangement and instrumentalities shown.
Particular embodiments of the plasma ignition apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the drawing figures wherein like reference numerals identify similar or identical structural elements. As shown in the drawings and described throughout the following description, as is traditional when referring to relative positioning on an object, the term "proximal" refers to the end of the apparatus which is closer to the user and the term "distal" refers to the end of the apparatus which is further from the user.
A primary basis of the ignition apparatus is the formation of a corona, which is a type of plasma discharge that is distinct from the plasma arc. A corona return electrode is used in connection with an active electrode to create a non-uniform electric field that is conducive to the formation of a corona. As described above, the corona then assists in igniting the plasma arc.
One envisioned embodiment of the plasma ignition system 10 is shown in
Handpiece 11 is configured to allow a surgeon to control application of a plasma arc 19. Handpiece 11 may have a knurled or ergonomically formed surface for ease of handling. In the present embodiment, handpiece 11 is generally pencil-like and includes an elongated tubular body. Other structures are also envisioned and have been contemplated, including handpieces designed for use with endoscopic and laparoscopic surgeries. Handpiece 11 includes a distal end 20 and a proximal end 21. Distal and proximal ends 20, 21, respectively, are disposed in fluid communication with passage 13. More particularly, proximal end 21 of handpiece 11 is configured to receive an ionizable gas from gas supply 12 and distal end 20 is configured to emit the ionizable gas supplied from gas supply 12.
The regulated source of ionizable 12 is typically a pressure vessel 22, with a gas regulator 23 attached thereto. The ionizable gas is typically argon, although other gases, particularly the noble gases, are known to be ionizable and may be used. Passage 13 defined through handpiece 11 is connected at the proximal end 21 to the regulated source of ionizable gas 12 such that the gas can flow through handpiece 11 and out distal end 20.
The source of high frequency electrical energy 16 is typically an electrosurgical generator, for example, electrosurgical generators sold by VALLEYLAB—a division of TYCO Healthcare LP in Boulder, Colo. Electrosurgical generators output currents having various waveforms and frequencies depending on the intended use or application. For example, output currents vary for such applications as fulguration, desiccation, and coagulation.
Electrosurgical generator 16 includes electrical terminals 24, 25 of active and return potentials, respectively. Active electrode 14 is electrically connected to the active terminal 24 on electrosurgical generator 16 and is generally located at the distal end of passage 13 such that the ionizable gas flowing through handpiece 11 comes into contact with and passes by active electrode 14.
An electrical return path 15 is connected to the source of high frequency electrical energy 16, and is also in circuit with the tissue or bodily fluids of the patient 26. Electrical return 15 may be attached separately to the patient 26 in a monopolar system 40, as shown in
Corona start feature 9 includes a corona return electrode 17 and a dielectric member 18 (See
Dielectric member 18 separates active electrode 14 from corona return electrode 17. The resulting electrical coupling between active electrode 14 and corona return electrode 17 is substantially capacitive in nature. The electrical coupling between active electrode 14 and corona return electrode 17 causes an electrical current to develop in the corona return electrode 17. The current is typically small compared with the amount of current in electrical return 15 when a circuit has been closed through patient 26. Dielectric member 18 may be constructed from a ceramic or other insulative material and is preferably electrically "leaky", which permits the creation of an electric field more conducive to creating a corona and initiating a plasma arc 19.
Another embodiment of plasma ignition system 10, as shown in
Several embodiments of corona return electrode 17 have been contemplated. The desired objective is the production of a non-uniform electric field that has sufficient strength to generate corona 28. In one embodiment, corona return electrode 17 is a conductive mesh which is disposed over the outer surface of dielectric member 18. In another embodiment, as shown in
Modifications may also be made to electrosurgical generator 16 to increase the reliability and effectiveness of corona start feature 9. For example, generator 16 may be configured to generate a higher voltage output when plasma ignition system 10 is first keyed. The repetition frequency or duty cycle of the output may be reduced during this initial period to minimize high frequency leakage. The output reduction may be limited to a number of cycles or a period of time. Once the predetermined number of cycles have occurred or the period of time has elapsed, the generator output may return to normal output frequency and voltage.
Generator 16 may include a plasma ignition system 10 having a current sensor 16 a which controls the high voltage and/or frequency or duty cycle output of generator 16. Once the current sensor 16 a senses a current in return electrode 15, or in other words, once plasma arc 19 has been initiated, electrosurgical generator 16 may resume a normal frequency and voltage output. The current sensor 16 a may be mounted on generator 16, on handpiece 11 or anywhere therebetween where the closed circuit can be detected. The modifications to electrosurgical generator 16 may be adaptable to both electrosurgical systems utilizing ionizable gas and those systems that do not use ionizable gas.
Independent of, or in addition to the corona start feature and/or modified generator, plasma ignition system 10 may further include a piezoelectric device 27 for assisting in creating plasma arc 19. Piezoelectric device 27 incorporates piezoelectric crystals to generate a voltage in response to a mechanical stress. Piezoelectric crystals are well known, as are their physical properties and applications. It is envisioned that all piezoelectric crystals and other like materials, capable of generating a voltage in response to a mechanical stress, may be used in piezoelectric device 27. Although reference may be made to a single crystal, multiple crystals of the same or different materials may be included in piezoelectric device 27.
Piezoelectric device 27 is electrically connected between active potential 24 of electrosurgical generator 16 and active electrode 14. Piezoelectric device 27 may be positioned on, about, or within handpiece 11. Piezoelectric device 27 may take any form, including a box configured to mount on handpiece 11 or a tube capable of being positioned about handpiece 11. Piezoelectric device 27 may also be mounted on electrosurgical generator 16. It is further envisioned that piezoelectric device 27 may be remotely connected between active potential 24 and active electrode 14.
Piezoelectric device 27 is configured to create a high voltage spark when plasma ignition system 10 is first keyed. In addition to initiating gas and current flow, the initial keying of plasma ignition system 10 actuates a striking mechanism 29 within piezoelectric device 27 which strikes the piezoelectric crystal. The striking of the crystal generates a high voltage between active electrode 14 and patient 26. The striking mechanism 29 may be mechanically or electrically actuated by a button, switch or the like, mounted on handpiece 11 or electrical generator 16. The button, switch or the like may also be positioned remotely, for example, on a foot pedal connected to either handpiece 11, electrosurgical generator 16, or both.
Although piezoelectric device 27 may operate to ignite plasma arc 19 upon the initial strike of the piezoelectric crystal, repeated strikes may be necessary to achieve plasma ignition. In one embodiment, the striking mechanism 29 may be continuously actuated until a sensing mechanism (which may be the same as sensor 16 a or an additional sensor disposed on or in the system 10), either in handpiece 11 or electrosurgical generator 16, detects plasma arc 19. The sensing mechanism may work in conjunction with the modified electrosurgical generator 16, described above, to keep the striking mechanism actuated until plasma arc 19 has been initiated. Both the electrosurgical generator 16 and piezoelectric device 27 may operate to produce an increase voltage until the sensing mechanisms (or sensor 16 a) sense plasma arc 19, thus deactivating piezoelectric device 27 and switching electrosurgical generator 16 to normal frequency and voltage outputs. In another embodiment, the striking mechanism 29 may be continuously actuated until the user recognizes plasma arc 19 has been initiated and manually deactivates the striking mechanism 29. It is further envisioned that a delayed actuation of the striking mechanism 29, beyond plasma ignition system 10 first being keyed, may also be desired.
The resulting high voltage generates an electric current between active electrode 14 and patient 26 sufficiently strong to initiate plasma arc 19. Once initiated, plasma arc 19 is maintained with normal generator voltage provided by electrosurgical generator 16. Plasma arc 19 may be initiated solely from the high voltage generated by piezoelectric device 27 or in combination with any of the other presently disclosed methods.
Independent of, or in addition to, corona start feature 9, modified electrosurgical generator 16, and/or piezoelectric device 27, plasma ignition apparatus 10 may further include a heater 28 for preheating active electrode 14 prior to the initial keying of plasma ignition apparatus 10. The preheating of active electrode 14 causes the release of many free electrons. The free electrons improve arc initiation by reducing the resistance between active electrode 14 and patient 26. Heater 28 may be configured to mount on or about handpiece 11. Heater 28 my utilize DC current, AC current or RF current to preheat active electrode 14. The additional current may be provided directly by electrosurgical generator 16. It is also envisioned that heater 28 could have an independent and/or remote source of DC, AC, or RF current. As with the previously disclosed apparatuses and methods for assisting in the ignition of a plasma arc, heater 28 may be adaptable for use with electrosurgical systems utilizing ionizable gas and systems that do not utilize gas.
Turning now to
Initially, activation button 120, and therefore, dome switch 122 are in an "off" position. Depression of activation button 120 to a first position causes dome switch 122 into a first position and may also activate the flow of gas through handpiece 111. In this first position, a circuit is completed across ceramic insulator 114 c causing ceramic insulator 114 c to heat up and become hot. Further depression of activation button 120 further depresses dome switch 122, thereby causing the disconnection of the circuit across ceramic insulator 114 c and the connection both wires 114 a, 114 b of active electrode 114 with the source of electrosurgical energy (not shown). Once the connection is completed the plasma arc initiates. As discussed above with relation to heater 28, a heater 128 may be used separately or in conjunction with a corona start feature 9.
Turning now to
In an initial, inactivated condition, distal end 229 b of hammer 229 is received within a slot 230 a formed in catch/release lever 230. Depression of activation button 234 causes the compression of spring 233 which, in turn, exerts a force on hammer 229. Compression of spring 233 also causes the depression of dome switch 232. Depression of dome switch 232 initiates the flow gas through handpiece 211. Depression of dome switch 232 may also key the generator (not shown) to supply electrosurgical energy to active electrode 214. Although the flow of gas and supply of electrosurgical current may be initiated at the same time, it may be desirable to sequence the flow of gas prior to electric activation.
Complete depression of activation button 234 causes actuation button 234 to engage a catch/release lever 230. This engagement causes catch/release lever 230 to move away from hammer 229, thereby causing the release of distal end 229 b of hammer 229 from within slot 230 a of catch/release lever 230. The release of hammer 229 from slot 230 a causes hammer 229 to strike piezoelectric crystal 228 which causes a voltage spike experienced across active electrode 214 that aids in initiation of a plasma arc. As discussed above in relation to piezoelectric device 27, piezoelectric device 227 may be used separately or in conjunction with corona start feature.
Following the initial voltage spike, piezoelectric crystal 228 may be shorted so the electrosurgical current traveling to active electrode 214 to maintain the plasma arc does not continue to pass through piezoelectric crystal 228.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application. It is to be understood that the invention can be carried out by specifically different equipment and devices, and that various modifications, both to equipment details and manufacturing methods, can be accomplished without departing from the scope of the invention itself.
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|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
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text:
When asked about my inner goddess
When asked about my inner goddess
I said I am the goddess of dirt.
I am the loam where seeds burst.
Roots, like old mens' toes, curl into my side.
I am the keeper of secrets:
lost keys, skeletons and phones.
I dance like a devil with the wind.
I am the place where leaves shred underfoot,
where fallen birds die.
I hold the ice close.
– refers to the words "seed" and "side" in the poem Eating Seedless Watermelon by Jill Klein


text:
DETROIT, Feb 26 (Reuters) - U.S. industrywide retail light-vehicle sales declined nearly 38 percent in the first 22 days of February, according J.D.Power and Associates, an influential industry tracking service. Total sales for are expected to come in at a seasonally adjusted annualized rate of 9.1 million units. The forecasting firm also said it now expects U.S. light vehicle sales to drop to a 27-year low of 10.4 million vehicles this year, compared with its earlier forecast of 11.4 ...
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