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When playing on table games or any other casino games in your favorite online casino website, you can either choose to play at a low-limit or high-limit games. The difference between low-limit and high-limit versions of these games is the amount of money that you wager per turn. Naturally, those who loves higher stakes usually choose the high-limit games, and those who only go for lower stakes play on low-limit games.
High Rollers and Low Rollers
There are lots of betting styles when it comes to playing casino games on the web. However, they can be classified into two main categories of players when it comes to how much they are betting at each game or round. These are the high-rollers and the low-rollers.
High rollers are those who are attracted by high-limit, and usually no-limit casino games, offering the possibility of playing with and winning more money. These high-rollers can also be classified as professionals and skilled players when it comes to card games and skill games, since they are playing on higher stakes and considering higher risks in playing. Or they can just be any player with a very large bankroll to burn, or those who just desire to play with larger sums of money in the online casino in shogunbet.
Low rollers, on the other hand, are those online casino players who are commonly new to the game, or who simply play casino games for fun and entertainment, without any concern of winning a large sum of money.
Types of Low and High Limit Online Casino Players
When playing on both low-limit and high-limit online casino games, there are usually four categories of players. The importance of knowing the differences between each type is to help you decide better once you have identified the types of players you are playing up against, particularly on online poker, while also helping you determine what is your own style of playing.
Loose-Passive Players
The first type of players is the loose-passive. If you fall under this category, you usually buy in to any hand, just to see what the possibilities are. Regardless of either your opening hand is a good or a bad one, you would choose to lose a few bets here and there, rather than not being included in some rounds of the casino game. Though your are involved in most hands, you rarely raise any bets that occur. And you consider playing the game more important than going for a win, even when good fortune and good cards are at your reach.
Loose- Aggressive Players
The next type of players is the loose-aggressive. If you are in this category, you also want to be involved in most hands. And the most important aspect of the game for you is to play the game. However, the difference from the former type is that you would often raise your stakes, while not considering if you have a good or a bad hand. Reckless play and bluffing at most times are the common characteristics of loose-aggressive players, thus, it is often difficult to judge their plays.
Tight-Passive Players
If you are a tight-passive player, you rarely enter into hands, and only plays on exceptional cards and opportunities. However, raising bets is seldom seen in a tight-passive player, even when a good card is at hand. At the slightest chance of a loss, you would likely to drop out of hands most of the time. Judging from this style of play, if you bluff your hand, it would be discovered instantly, since it would appear completely different from your usual betting style, and you would not be fooling anyone. Thus, a player under this type rarely bluffs.
Tight-Aggressive Players
Tight-aggressive players only enter hands that offer good possibilities, but will chase wins and raise when they can. They will sometimes bluff, mimicking their betting style, but not often.


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I am beginning to move my maven based project to a gradle based java application that runs on Windows 7. I ran in to an error java.io.IOException: CreateProcess error=206, The filename or extension is too long because of a really long classpath dependencies. I worked around it by shortening the path to my code and java executable location, While this was Ok for sometime, I hit that limit again today when I added few command line argument.
java.io.IOException: CreateProcess error=206, The filename or extension is too long
My questions are -
Ideally I would love to use Gradle to just run my app gradle run. But at the moment, I feel that its not viable in its current state as even adding few extra command line arguments is going to break this in Windows.
gradle run
This is a known limitation. There are some possible workarounds. See this response to a similar question for info.
I have encountered a similar issue with the generated start up scripts from the Application plugin and in particular the Spring Boot plugin where the classpath created results in an "Input too long" error. This link is a reference to the issue in the old forums.
Here is a Gradle script modification that uses relative paths to fix the issue. This would help avoid any out of order classpath problems using the asterisks workaround. Just depends on the use case which one is most valuable, neither is more right.
startScripts {
// Support closures to add an additional element to
// CLASSPATH definition in the start script files.
def configureClasspathVar = { findClasspath, pathSeparator, line ->
// Looking for the line that starts with either CLASSPATH=
// or set CLASSPATH=, defined by the findClasspath closure argument.
line = line.replaceAll(~/^${findClasspath}=.*$/) { original ->
// Get original line and append it
// with the configuration directory.
// Use specified path separator, which is different
// for Windows or Unix systems.
original = original.replaceAll '%APP_HOME%\\\\', ''
def configureUnixClasspath = configureClasspathVar.curry('CLASSPATH', ':')
def configureWindowsClasspath = configureClasspathVar.curry('set CLASSPATH', ';')
// The default script content is generated and
// with the doLast method we can still alter
// the contents before the complete task ends.
doLast {
// Alter the start script for Unix systems.
unixScript.text =
// Alter the start script for Windows systems.
windowsScript.text =
Maybe someone can take this and work on a pull request that would introduce a relative path concept to the script generation, or another even better solution.
How did you use "long path tool" to solve this? Not see anything in common... Please share. At the moment looking into manifest-jar solution, but is not so straight forward
Please ignore the long path tool spam. Unfortunately some of them slip through spam detection.
Is there a ticket for this to get fixed properly in Gradle core?
It seems like a bit of a joke to me that a self-proclaimed "declarative" build system is forcing us to write all this procedural code just to get something basic like JavaExec to work at all. And not even a particularly funny joke.
Another half a year has passed - does JavaExec work in Gradle core yet?
Some people don't believe that Long path tool is a waste but I did really use it for this problem and it work. I don't understand why it doesn't work for others. Why don't give it a try?
I think I understand how to add the classpath to the manifest. How does that reduce the command length? Don't I also have to remove this path somewhere else? I'm trying to build a project someone else built, but I'm the only one that seems to be having this problem.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
diary painting; oil on wood panel, 15 x 20 cms
Archive for April, 2009
another quiet day
Posted in art, recent work on April 28, 2009| Leave a Comment »
diary painting; oil on wood panel, 15 x 20 cms
090423 ca 00.40
Posted in uncategorized on April 24, 2009| 4 Comments »
natten mellan onsdag och torsdag gick Katja, min mor, ur tiden; frimodigt och stilla
the night between Wednesday and Thursday, Katja, my mother, passed away
L'amour n'est pas consolation, il est lumière.
quiet days/diary painting X
Posted in art, recent work on April 13, 2009| 2 Comments »
diary paintings; oil on wood panel, 15 x 20 cms each
Quality and Research IV
Posted in art, recent work, teaching on April 1, 2009| Leave a Comment »
Text reading seminar at the course – Aesthetic-Based Qualitative Research – which I follow at Stockholm University (see also Archives/January 2009).
Is there really a difference between art and research? I bring the question to the course.
– Art appeals to feeling, is one answer I get. Oh, I'd love to have it that way… but I cannot really hold it to be simple like that. Art is largely conceptual, and has always been – at least visual arts, ever since cave paintings.
– Research is systematical, is another answer. Well, that sounds convincing at first. But then – what about (for instance) the work of Claude Monet? There are artists just as dedicated as the best of researchers in the pursuit of one theme.
– Art is mediated by sensual experience, would be my first attempt to answer myself. As if not research – or any kind of message – is… Tricky one, this.
"Ethos anthropoi daimon" (Heraclitus; and here I will not even attempt to choose a translation among the infinite possible ones)… I'll try another approach; how does my inner attitude change, from making art to doing research? Or, does it?


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Bringer of storms by LiberumEquaWatch
©2014-2017 LiberumEqua
Update: Placed 2nd, and WOW, I even got my first Daily Deviation!! Many, many thanks to Astralseed!
Gah, I feel like this could've turned out better. Especially his mane. Why, why do I always mess up the mane? ;-;
Entry for #Quirlicorns' Magical Solstice - Quirlicorns 1st Show.
Koi has gained the power to conjure storms, and because of his playful nature, is getting a little too carried away by it.
Quirlicorn's Name: Koi
Breed: Ancient Quirlicorn
Gender: Male
Marking Colour: Red
Region: Icy
Genos: [ee Ata] nW
Blood lines:
------------------------------------------ SSS: unknown
----------------- SS: unknown
------------------------------------------ SSD: unknown
Sire: unknown
------------------------------------------ SDS: unknown
----------------- SD: unknown
------------------------------------------ SDD: unknown
------------------------------------------ DSS: unknown
----------------- DS: unknown
------------------------------------------ DSD: unknown
Dam: unknown
------------------------------------------ DDS: unknown
----------------- DD: unknown
------------------------------------------ DDD: unknown
Reference sheet
Import sheet: fav.me/d69s51c
Breed + design © Astralseed
Art © Me
fav.me/d3fybt8 by Breathless-dk
Daily DeviationGiven 2014-03-09
Bringer of storms by FreeFilly51 is filled with beautiful movement, you can almost feel the connection between the unicorn and the storm in the distance. ( Featured by Astralseed )
This is so beautiful and inspiring! Is it a watercolor piece? I just love everything about this, including your wonderful shading even on the markings
Wow, thank you so much! I'm honoured that my painting is included among such beautiful works. Hope you have a great weekend, too!
your horses are so magical!
Thank you so much!! Isn't it funny how we got our DDs just few days apart from each other?
The clouds gave me a lot of trouble, but I'm so glad that they came well in the end.
The clouds gave me a lot of trouble, but I'm so glad that they came well in the end.
Its beautiful.....you have really captured the free spirit.
This is so cool! I love the colors and patterns
Congratulations on the DD, Yasmine!! This is such a beautiful character.
it reminds me of a mythical creature from a book i'm reading, i love it.
Awesome, what's the title of the book? And thank you!
The Dragon and the Unicorn - A.A. Attanasio
Of course the creature from this book is blue i think (?), but still, in essence it reminds me of it somehow.
Of course the creature from this book is blue i think (?), but still, in essence it reminds me of it somehow.
i love unicorns<3
Very beautiful, instantly fell in love with this piece. if i could afford it right now, I'd get a print.
very nice
yum! it's a bacon horse!
Wow, this is absolutely amazing work! The realistic value is incredible
Amazing art and a well deserved DD
I totally love this style
I totally love this style
This is so amazing! Great style! I love this composition! Really great!
congrats on the dd love ^^


text:
Making Cash Online Is Easy!
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text:
4 Basic Rules For Amazing Seaside Photographs
Posted on Oct 22, 2009 | Comments 1
In the world of digital photography you can never say you know too much or that you have learned everything.
The beach offers the photographers, extremely frequent opportunities, to create many wonderful landscape photographs. The only minus there is that the beaches are crowded and during summer there will be a problem to find a more peaceful place.
Also the nature will create some problems because of the abundance of light and color that can mislead the sensors of the camera.
Perfect timing: The Sea is in continuous movement, and patience is a must. The camera must be ready to be synchronized with that certain waves brushing against the shore and that synchronization can create amazing shots.
Wide perspective: When photographing the line where the sky meets the sea it is best not to center it. Avoid symmetry and you will get a masterpiece.
Avoid rush hours: Try and get to the beach in the less crowded hours, in the morning or in the evening, when a storm is near or when it is about to rain. Avoiding the human presence in the frame will make the sea look wild.
Use the flash: When you take pictures of a person on a sunny day, it is almost impossible not to catch shadows on his or her face. Through the use of the flash you will correct these shadows and focus on every detail.
Posted in: Nature Photography
Comments (1)
Taking photographs at the beach is not only a place of wonderful opportunity but one of challengesMost excellent ideas and information. I'm now excited to bring my camera to a beach soon!


text:
Wedelstaedt. Mouth Mirror. Paid Online Advertisement. You have your tools and we have ours. Within the larger search engine marketing strategy (SEM) that Wonderist develops for you are paid online advertising campaigns. This includes PPC (pay-per-click) like Google ad words and Facebook ads. While SEO is important to organically push your website to the top in search results, PPC will give you instant results.
Online ads put your promotion in front of the right people by giving you prominent placement on search engines and social networks. But the paid online ads give back more than just an instant bump in patient lead generation. We analyze the data from each online dental ad campaign and use what we've learned about your target audience for future ad buys. This allows us to adjust your budget and maximize overall return.
An important part of your off-site search engine optimization is writing, designing, managing, and tracking paid online advertisements. Are you getting the most out of your dental advertising dollars? Wonderist will.


text: The Disaster is down to smash it up. Rails, boxes, concrete, brick—The Disaster will help you destroy whatever jibs and jams you may find in the urban or park arena. It's constructed with the widest flat centerbase and the longest uplift section out of all our 3BT shapes, making it rock-steady stable on presses and slides and super easy to butter around at the same time. With the soft- est build of our poplar wood Pop Core and pressed with bi-axial fiberglass it has a nice fluid flex with no surprises. We give it an extruded base for easy repairs and for when things get disas- trous, you know?


text:
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Storm King Lodge Bed & Breakfast está situado en el Valle de Hudson Baja en Mountainville, Nueva York, dentro de la ciudad de Cornwall, Nueva York. A tan sólo 60 kilómetros al norte de Nueva York! Un país perfecto B & B lugar de escape para escapadas románticas, senderismo, ciclismo, kayak, esquí, o pequeñas reuniones familiares. El Centro de Storm King Art, Dia: Beacon, Academia Militar de West Point, y Woodbury Common Premium Outlets están a pocos minutos. Este es un país encantador Bed and Breakfast Inn con cuatro habitaciones encantadoras, chimeneas y baños privados en la casa principal y dos habitaciones con baños privados en la cabaña adyacente cerca de la piscina. Disfrute del entorno tranquilo y pastoral. En los meses de verano tienen su desayuno gourmet en la terraza soleada. La vista es impresionante en cualquier época del año.
4,6 en octubre 01, 2017
A beautiful place and a very friendly and helpful family with a great personal served breakfast. An ideal place to be when you want to visit the nearby Storm King Art Center !!
5 en noviembre 20, 2016
Beautiful grand house, great views, outstanding service, Michel
5 en agosto 10, 2016
We had a delightful stay at Storm King Lodge which is very conveniently located for a trip to the fabulous Storm King Art Center. Hal is a wonderful host and a great conversationalist. He also makes great bacon!
4,6 en junio 28, 2016
Congenial, easy and would stay again anytime I was in the area. Yellow room was cozy. Lodge large and comfy. Wonderful back porch for reading and relaxing in good weather. Best breakfast ever.
4,8 en junio 26, 2016
Our first vacation in the Hudson Valley area. Wonderful accommodations and hospitality. Highly recommend to those who want a friendly environment with first class service. The breakfast was outstanding!
4,2 en junio 16, 2016
The place is very nice. It truly reflects the country setting it is in. The innkeeper, Hal, goes out of his way to make things just right. The photos shown are as it REALLY is! The next time I'm in the Cornwall area, which is at least twice a year for 3 to 4 days, I will more than likely stay there again. (Marcel Francisco - NYMA '74)
4,6 en junio 06, 2016
My stay was great. The lodge is in a beautiful converted barn with great views of the rolling mountains. The host was friendly, accommodating, and charming. The food was great. And I slept like a baby.
5 en agosto 26, 2015
The very best, most unique, grand, comfortable second home you could ever ask for! Eight of us for a family reunion, Hal saw to all our needs...which were many, varied and....well... This is the place for meeting other thoughtful people from all walks of life! Rooms were spotless, filled with goodies, beds were comfey, breakfast bountiful and delicious. Hall saw to it tickets were purchased, cars repaired and just everything. Right on top of world class art, great American history and natural history which will make you want to change your major! BRAVO! ( not to mention the cottage! )
4,8 en abril 24, 2015
I chose this B&B because of its proximity to Storm King Art Center, and it was wonderful! Very gracious host, Hal, who had written directions plus verbal advice about all the restaurants and "to do " items in the area. He personalized breakfast requests beautifully, plus an entire shelf and fridge full of snacks. His library had lovely art books, and that porch! Loved sitting there with coffee cup each am.
4,2 en noviembre 20, 2014
We rented the entire cottage (two rooms and common area) for a long weekend visit to West Point in Oct 2014. The B&B was convenient and the hospitality and friendliness of the owner, Hal, and his staff was heartwarming. We will come back.
Aire acondicionado


text:
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| Battle Monk or Sage
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| Brady
|Miracle, Healtouch
The male version of the Cleric. A healer first and foremost, the Priest should be kept away from the frontlines and used instead to keep your fighters going, as well as to augment your soldiers skills, stats and abilities.
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text: Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe, and is the second largest country in the European Continent, bordering Black Sea and Sea of Azov on its southern and southeastern sides respectively. Its population is about 47 million and the capital of Ukraine is Kiev. The country was a part of the Soviet Union block until its independence in 1991. Presently, Ukraine is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It is a unitary state, administratively divided into 24 oblasts (provinces) and one autonomous republic, Crimea. The oblasts are sub-divided into rayons (districts).{/tab}Acknowledgements Authored by M. Kalim Qamar (June 2013) Edited by Burton E. Swanson


text:
Home :: Disney Movies :: Santa Clause, The
Santa Clause, The
PG | 97 min | Friday, November 11, 1994
Movie Description
Scott Calvin means well, but always falls a bit short of what's expected of him. However, when Scott finds himself destined to pick up the responsibilities of the one and only Santa Claus, he finds his true calling in life. The problem is will anyone else believe him.
Disney Movie Rating:
79.04 out of 100. Total of 198 votes.


text:
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first AL.com user to add photos or videos of Quahty Outdoor Products
Quality Outdoor Products can be found at Us-31 S 3735. The following is offered: Phonebook. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Decatur there are 106 other Phonebook. An overview can be found here.


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|13 aoűt 2002
|Date de dépôt
|24 juil. 1998
|Date de priorité
|24 juil. 1998
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Chiang Yeh
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Nortel Networks Limited
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (8), Citations hors brevets (6), Référencé par (36), Classifications (11), Événements juridiques (12)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to computer networking. More specifically, the invention relates to switching, routing and bridging devices for interconnecting networks and other devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
One way of subdividing communications networking environments and protocols is to classify them as either connection-oriented or connectionless. In connectionless environment or protocol, the source and destination address is specified for each "packet" or unit of data such that the network resolves these addresses to determine a route for the packets to travel in. The IP or Internet Protocol is an example of a connectionless service. By contrast, in a connection-oriented environment, a source and destination set-up or establish a routing or connection that does not change from packet to packet. One example of a connection-oriented service is the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) where one phone sets up a call to another phone and establishes a permanent circuit wherein voice data can travel back and forth.
Another way to classify networks is based upon their speed in transferring data and the geographical or physical range of the data transfer. Generally, in this classification, networks may be considered LANs (Local Area Networks) or WANs (Wide Area Networks). LANs are usually limited in geographical range (for instance, an office building) whereas WANs may span over hundreds of miles such between offices located in different cities. LANs and WANs may be either connection-oriented or connectionless. When WANs and LANs are connected to other LANs and WANs using different protocols special network devices known as gateways (or routers) are needed so that information can travel between them.
Typically these network devices are hardware mechanisms that can provide physical connectivity translation (e.g., between Ethernet and fiber) and/or protocol translation (e.g., between IPX and IP (Internet Protocol). With the proper design and programming of such network devices potentially any type of networks can be interconnected. When more than two networks or network devices are attached at some common interconnect, such as a frame relay cloud, devices known as switches regulate the passage of data from one network device to another.
Where a network device also needs to switch because different data have different destinations after passing through the device, switching and routing functions may need to be combined. Though switching and routing functions have often been combined by placing switching software/hardware within a network device, one problem from a customer standpoint is the disposition of legacy devices already present in the customer's network which may function well for their purpose and do not warrant an expensive replacement upgrade. Since such legacy devices may not be able to be programmed or retrofitted to provide a new function such as switching, to utilize legacy devices, switches are often added to a common connection point (such as a leased line) as separate hardware components. In a connection-oriented environment such as frame relay, this often implies that the "carrier" or provider of the physical line for the network must provide a separate additional line for the new network device. Though "virtual circuits" (VCs) may be provided by the carrier, these are only obtained at substantial cost and ordinarily not controlled or configurable by the customer. When the number of network devices grows, the cost becomes prohibitive since each additional carrier line is accompanied by monthly charges as well as maintenance.
Where physically separate switching hardware is used to interconnect two or more dissimilar network devices to another network, the hardware is often too expensive or cumbersome for the task at hand. For instance, most switches are built with a large number of ports, typically 16, and thus are under-utilized where only a handful of network devices may need to be connected. Where the switching hardware is plugged in (for instance, by means of a chipset) to a network device, this integration is typically provided on the backplane of the router device and thus will conform to the protocol or standard of the backplane, for instance ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and be incapable of providing a translation between dissimilar protocols that may later need interconnection.
Where software switching is provided for the router, the software switch is typically not configurable once installed in the sense that it is typically not capable of peer-to-peer connectivity. For instance, since a router is designed to move data to a pre-specified network cloud to which it is connected, when two or more network devices are inter-connected for moving data to that pre-specified network, they are then unable to move data directly between each other. In order to do communicate with one another, they must move their data first "up" to that pre-specified network after which the pre-specified network moves the data back "down" to the other router. This problem is often stated as an inability of "users" of the same level (such as two routers) to directly communicate in a peer-to-peer fashion without passing first through an "upper user" (such as the pre-specified network). This scheme is very expensive in every facet since the latency, load upon the network and connection cost is increased while speed, reachability and even security may be decreased.
Thus, there is a need for virtual switching scheme that permits any network devices at any level in a network topology to communicate with each other directly without resorting to re-routing upstream and downstream when such routing is extraneous. Additionally, there is a need for a inexpensive switching solution that does not involve proprietary protocol recognition or hardware implementation.
What is disclosed is an apparatus comprising a first interface capable of sponsoring a first protocol, a first service translation layer converting data formatted in the first protocol into streams, the first service translation layer extracting and appending a first path identifier to the streams, a core responsive to the first service translator for obtaining the streams and determining a second path identifier therefrom, the core transferring the streams according to the second path identifier, a second service translation layer accepting the transferred streams, the second service translation layer converting the transferred streams into data formatted according to a second protocol, and a second interface for asserting the data formatted into the second protocol.
Also disclosed is a method comprising converting data formatted in first protocol into streams, uplinking the streams to a core module, the streams accompanied by a path identifier, transferring by the core of the streams to a destination in accordance with the path identifier, converting at the destination the streams into data formatted in a second protocol, and issuing the data formatted in the second protocol.
Also disclosed is a system comprising a virtual omni-user switching (VOSR) network device, a first network coupled to the VOSR, the VOSR accepting data from the first network, and a second network coupled to the VOSR, the VOSR converting the accepted data into a format compatible with the second network, the VOSR capable of switching data among the first and second networks and other networks coupled to the VOSR.
Also disclosed is a method comprising creating tunnel segments in a public network supplied data pipe, maintaining a tunnel mapping in private networks bridged by the data pipe, and switching data between devices in one of the private networks with devices in another of the private networks bridged by the data pipe, the tunnel mapping determining the switching, the switching performed over the data pipe in the tunnels in a fashion transparent to the public network.
The objects, features and advantages of the method and apparatus for the present invention will be apparent from the following description in which:
FIG. 1(a) provides an overview of conventional network interconnections.
FIG. 1(b) provides an overview of the disclosed embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows the functionality of a VOSR according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 describes tunneling according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates the stacking of functions and assigning of IDs within the VOSR.
FIG. 5 shows a design methodology for configuring a VOSR according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of processing data packets into data streams in accordance with the disclosed embodiments of the invention.
Referring to the figures, exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described. The exemplary embodiments are provided to illustrate aspects of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The exemplary embodiments are primarily described with reference to block diagrams or flowcharts. As to the flowcharts, each block within the flowcharts represents both a method step and an apparatus element for performing the method step. Depending upon the implementation, the corresponding apparatus element may be configured in hardware, software, firmware or combinations thereof.
FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) show a Network 145 which is a carrier provided network segment such as a frame relay "cloud." "Private" users, those in the same physical location, such as an office building may connect to other office buildings through a network cloud such as network 145. Network 145 can connect other private networks (not shown) to the private users shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b). The private users shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) may consist of other networks, such as networks 105, 115, and 125 connected to other routers, such as routers 100, 110 and 120.
Referring to FIG. 1(a), which provides an overview of conventional network interconnections, typically when a legacy device 110 such as router attempted to connect to a frame relay based network such as network 145, where that router did not support frame relay signaling, another gateway or translationing device 195 was required to act as a translator between the two. Such routers are ordinarily designed to provide "upstream" communication capability (where a private user sends data to the public network) and "downstream" capability (where a private user receives data from the public network). This capability is split in that the gateway router provides upstream/downstream capability to the existing router and then uses its upstream/downstream capability with the public network to facilitate the data transfer. The preservation of legacy device such as legacy device 110 is often important where for example, a LAN of an office (such as network 115) has a different backbone and protocol (such as IP) which it needs to maintain for private users within network 115. In such a scenario, however, the gateway device 195 may also sponsor its own private network (such as network 105). This private network is not enabled to communicate directly with the network sponsored by the legacy device unless the public network is first involved in the transfer. This inefficiency places an undue burden on the public network as well as on the gateway device 195. An additional standalone switch faces the same problem in that the switching is designed to orient traffic toward the public network and not the gateway and can be quite cost-inefficient when setting up to bridge the legacy device 110 and the gateway device 195. Also, a problem lies in the switch being unable to translate between protocol differences among private networks and their nodes, necessitating the use of another gateway as well for each desired protocol translation.
FIG. 1(b) provides an overview of the disclosed embodiments of the invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a Virtual Omni-User Switching Router (VOSR) 100 is provided to perform a variety of services in a configurable manner, the primary of which is peer-to-peer or private node to other private node direct interconnect switching. VOSR acts as an ordinary router with a frame relay (or other public network compatible) port and can sponsor its own network 105 as shown in FIG. 1(a). VOSR 100 is also a switching device which facilitates data transfer from private nodes on network 105 to private nodes on other networks such as network 115 without resorting to re-routing of the data through the public network 145. Importantly, the VOSR 100, according an embodiment of the invention, provides service translation that permits VOSR 100 to interface and communicate with a third party router 120 which may not be compatible with either the public network compatible protocol native to the VOSR 100 (such as frame relay) or the protocol native to the legacy device 110. VOSR 100 can be programmed to translate between a service/protocol compatible with third party router 120 and any other service/protocol such that any node of a network 125 sponsored by third party router 120 can communicate directly with nodes of other private networks such as network 115 or network 105. VOSR 100 also provides tunneling over the public network 145 to destination beyond without permission of and in a transparent fashion to the public network 145 and segmentation which is unavailable with conventional routers.
FIG. 2 shows the functionality of a VOSR according to an embodiment of the invention.
A VOSR, according to an embodiment of the invention, may have traditional hardware-based router elements such as ports needed to connect out to a public network. Advantageously, and unlike traditional routers, a virtual switching capability is provided with the VOSR such that direct communication is facilitated between other routers, nodes or devices that are private without any re-routing upstream through and downstream back from the public network which would ordinarily have the desired switching capability. The virtual switch operating within the VOSR maintains a database that stores (and, if needed, updates) two parameters-a path identifier (ID) and port ID for each "virtual circuit" (VC) created between two private nodes that are communicating through the VOSR. The port ID identifies an interface between a switching "core" and a service translation layer, while the path ID identifies ingress and egress points within the switching core (see FIG. 4 and associated description). Virtual switching is typically concerned only with switching regulation for nodes on private networks sponsored by private routers connected to the VOSR. Any number of VCs may be created and maintained by the VOSR, such that an arbitrary number of private routers/devices (such as the legacy devices and third party routers shown in FIG. 1) may be connected and given a data transfer pathway without resorting to the public network. Unlike a physical switch which is inherently limited in the number as well as the type of devices it can interconnect, the VOSR adds a new database entry or set of entries for any new VC or router/device needing switching services.
For each VC, there may be an incompatibility between the nodes that are trying to communicate, particularly, when the routers sponsoring the networks on which they lie are incompatible. For instance, referring back to FIG. 1(a), if the third party router 120 natively sponsors an IP-based network, which is connectionless and packet oriented, while the existing router sponsors an X.25 based network, which is connection oriented and circuit based, then without some translationing, nodes on one network will be unable to communicate with nodes of the other. A traditional physical switch does not act to translate between services/protocols since its function is to switch rather than to interpret. Further, once designed, such switches cannot be easily modified to accommodate new services/protocols or existing protocol changes that may need support. Thus according to another embodiment of the invention, the VOSR also incorporates service translation layers which act as translationing gateways facilitating the transfer of data between nodes on incompatible networks. The service translation layers perform task such as encapsulating and de-encapsulating of headers for different types of datagrams such as those defined by the well-known TCP (Transport Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). This built-in translation capability eliminates the need for any gateways or translationing hardware.
Another feature of the VOSR is the ability to provide tunneling and bandwidth segmentation. When a single physical pipe such as an Ethernet connection is used as a data transfer pathway, the total bandwidth or capacity of the pipe to transmit information may be segmented. In the typical router or switch, such tunneling if offered is proprietary such that the tunneling protocol used may not be understood by a router of another manufacturer. This prevents a traditional router or switch from setting up tunnels between devices of arbitrary nature.
FIG. 3 describes tunneling according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows tunneling capability implemented in a VOSR that sponsors a frame relay network. A public network 300 such as a frame relay network can bridge together two private networks in a wide area, as exemplified in FIG. 3. For example, an office in Hong Kong may be connected over the public network 300 to an office in Los Angeles. Typically, the carrier hosting the pubic network 300 "leases" one physical line (data pipe) (lines 17 and 18) into each office, and directs data traffic within the public network so that two offices are connected in a direct fashion.
The Los Angeles office is shown in FIG. 3 to have two routers LAR1 and LAR2, and according to an embodiment of the invention, these are connected to a VOSR 318. VOSR 318 interfaces with the public network 300 which provides the Los Angeles a frame relay leased line data pipe assigning it an ID of 18. This ID is assigned by the carrier and not subject to modification by the private network. If a more than one virtual circuit is desired, then the carrier leasing the line, must provide the VC identification according to conventional router design. Alternatively, the carrier may force the customer to buy a separate leased line for each new tunnel or virtual circuit that is desired between the two offices. Either alternative may be expensive since the third party carrier, not the customer, has provisioning control of the public network.
However, with the addition of a tunneling capability such as that provided in VOSR 318, the tunneling and virtual circuit numbers may be assigned and maintained privately. The so-called "tunnel mapping" is internal to the private offices and transparent to the public network. This eliminates the potential cost of a separate leased line or a public network assigned numbering which is not configurable. In order to achieve private tunnel-mapping, a VOSR 317 in the Hong Kong office is also utilized which interconnects a leased line designated as 17 by the carrier of the public network with two routers HKR1 and HKR2. VOSR 317 includes much of the same functionality as its Los Angeles counterpart VOSR 317, particularly as pertains to tunnel-mapping. Each VOSR 317 and 318 maintains a table of tunnel mappings that in combination permit the simultaneous use of the single pair of leased lines 17 and 18 by more than one of the private router LAR1, LAR2, HKR1 and HKR2.
A tunnel mapping table would be used to essentially assign a sub-circuit by means of the path ID for each tunnel created in the carrier supplied line that needs to be segmented. For instance, the carrier supplied data transfer line 17 may be virtually divided into three segments labeled 01, 02 and 03. Each segment could be assigned to the traffic of a particular private router. If the connection between VOSR 317 and HKR2 is labeled 21 and the connect between VOSR 17 and HKR1 is labeled 20, then VOSR 317 may maintain a table such as:
In the above table, line 21 (and thus HKR2) participates in two virtual circuits or tunnels 17:01 and 17:03. This may be needed where HKR2 needs to communicate simultaneously or contemporaneously with two routers in the Los Angeles office, LAR1 and LAR2. If HKR1 also needs to communicate with two other routers, another tunnel segment may be created by simply adding an entry 17:04→20 to the mapping table of VOSR 317. For VOSR 317, it is not relevant what the final path or destination end of the tunnel segment is, since this is left to the other VOSR 318 which also maintains a mapping table relevant to the LA network. Assuming that the connect between VOSR 318 and LAR1 is labeled 23 and the connect between VOSR 318 and LAR2 is labeled 22 then a tunnel mapping table for VOSR 318 may be the following:
For the Los Angeles office, line 23 (between VOSR 318 and LAR1) defines two tunnel segments, 18:02 and 18:03 and thus, can have two different and simultaneous connects with private routers in the Hong Kong office or elsewhere. The tunnel segment numbering 01, 02 and 03 operates as a switching fabric since it identifies the same data transfer path on both carrier lines 17 and 18. Thus, 17:01 is the counterpart of 18:01, 17:02 the counterpart of 18:02 and 17:03 the counterpart of 18:03. Thus, a virtual circuit can be considered created between 21 (and thus HKR2) and 22 (and thus LAR2) through the tunnel segment 01, which is identified by VOSR 317 as 17:01 and by VOSR 18:01. In order to achieve tunneling in this manner, the VOSR 317 and VOSR 318 should preferably handshake and negotiate the tunnel ID which it then uses locally. This negotiation is performed without permission of the carrier sponsoring the lines 17 and 18 through which the tunnel is created since leased line relationships remain unchanged. Referring to both aforementioned tables, tunnel segment 02 interconnects 20 with 23 (HKR1 with LAR1) over the public network while tunnel segment 03 interconnects 21 with 23 (HKR2 with LAR2). Whenever new nodes, routers or devices request a connection, new table entries may be created ad infinitum, restricted only by the memory available for the mapping table as will be appreciated by those ordinarily skilled in the art.
By circumventing the need for the public network (and thus the carrier) to assign virtual circuit numbers, the configuration of the entire WAN is more flexible (since it is privately regulated) and the cost is internalized as carriers often charge for each additional VC created. Also this scheme avoids the situation where carriers do not or are unwilling to provide tunneling and VCs, and thus require the use of a separate physical line, which is expensive both in terms of cost and perhaps maintenance and overhead since another router may be needed to connect the second line.
The tunneling functionality of the VOSR 317 and 318 is in addition to the switching and service translation layer functions that may need to implemented so that VCs are created between routers LAR1 and LAR2, for example. The tunnel mapping is akin to and can be combined within the switching table, described below in reference to FIG. 4.
FIG. 4 illustrates the stacking of functions and assigning of IDs within the VOSR.
FIG. 4 illustrates the logical framework of an exemplary VOSR. One layer of functionality is a frame relay service 410 which provides the VOSR with the capability of interpreting frame relay headers and the packets they encapsulate. Frame relay service 410 is similar to a frame relay service of a typical frame relay router except that it is also "streams compliant" in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. One key feature of the invention involves conversion of circuit or packet data into "streams." Streams are well-known in the art of computer programming, and are defined in the standard reference, "UNIX System V Release IV Programmer's Guide: Streams" (published by Prentice Hall, 1991), and also "UNIX System V/306 Streams Primer," (Prentice Hall, 1991), both authored by AT&T Corporation (collectively referred to hereinafter as "streams specification"). Thus each of functional modules shown in FIG. 4 should also be streams compliant in accordance with the invention. A core function 400, which implements the virtual circuit switching is software or programmable hardware based such that it can be easily configured and also is streams compliant.
The VOSR can provide service translation layers that convert/translate one type of protocol or service to another. In providing service translation, the VOSR is capable of interconnecting a great variety of disparate network and data types such that the flow of information in a network of networks does not require hardware complexity. For instance, a voice service 450 may be used to accept a PBX-type voice call at the VOSR. Voice service 450 is also streams compliant, and thus, will convert the voice data into data streams. A "put" streams operation will uplink the voice data as streams to the core 400, which is also streams compliant. The put operation will accompanied by an additional pair of parameters, namely, a port ID and path ID such that core 400 will recognize which destination the data is bound for. Based on the destination, a variety of different layers may be invoked. For instance, if the voice data from the PBX desires to transfer its voice data to an IP-based device that is also connected to the VOSR, a "put" (or "putqueue") is performed on the stream(s) to uplink it to an IP translation service 440. IP translation service 440 is also streams compliant and thus accepts the stream of data and encapsulates and/or converts to the voice data to IP packets in a known manner. Once the IP translation service 440 has encapsulated the voice data stream into an IP packet, the data may then be sent directly to an IP-network based device or issued to a network implementing such devices.
Likewise, a voice call may be switched through core 400 to frame relay service 410 such that the data is available to devices sponsored by the frame relay network. Again the voice call is transformed into streams when received by voice service 450, and the "put" to core 400. Core 400 initiates another "put" to frame relay service 410 which is also streams compliant and will convert the stream into a frame relay data format suitable for transmission over a frame relay network. In the same manner, the voice "stream" put from voice service 450 may be switched to a transparent service such as serial which will also be streams conformant, and convert the data stream and buffer it in a serial manner such that a serial device (not shown) may directly receive it.
As described earlier, the VOSR maintains a switching table which identifies virtual circuits created between various service translation layers and contains a combination of a path ID and port ID for each. FIG. 4 shows port IDs between each of the service translation layers and core 400. For instance, port ID 2 identifies a stream(s) between PBX voice service 450 and core 400. Likewise, port ID 1 specifies stream(s) between IP translation service 440 and core 400, port ID 3 specifies streams between ISDN service 420 and core 400, port ID 4 A specifies stream between frame relay service 410 and core 400, port ID 5 between serial service 430 and core 400 and port ID 6 between voice over IP service 460 and core 400. These port IDs number each stream uniquely but do not relate the destination or path. The port IDs may be fixed/assigned when the translation service layer is programmed, or when the VOSR is activated through a handshaking between core 400 and that service translation layer.
A path ID is a single number which identifies an ingress point from a service translation layer while another path ID may identify an egress point to a service translation layer. For instance, in the example above of a purported transfer of voice data to a frame relay, the ingress point to the core from port ID 2 is identified as 9. The egress point from the core to the frame relay service 410 is identified as 10. The combination of path IDs 9 and 10 define a virtual circuit between voice service 450 and frame relay service 410 (i.e., port or streams 2 and 4). Both ingress and egress points need to be identified since any service may be interconnected to any other service. To maintain such flexibility, and to remove core 400 from being unable to decide what the intended destination of the streams are, the ingress and egress points are defined. Each service translation layer must provide a path ID to the core 400 when the first data stream in a virtual circuit is sought to be transferred. After that, a switching table may be maintained within the core such upon receiving the path ID from the service putting the stream to the core, the virtual circuit and destination can be referenced in the table. A virtual circuit between ports identified and 2 have an ingress/egress pair 11 and 12. By specifying two path IDs, the switching is full duplex or bi-directional once a virtual circuit is established. A table for the exemplary virtual circuits shown in FIG. 4 may be summarized as follows:
Voice ←→ Frame Relay
Voice ←→ IP
Frame Relay ←→ Serial
In like fashion, any type/origin of data, can be switched to any other similar or disparate protocol or network service by use of the appropriate translation layer. The exemplary model shown in FIG. 4 would allow any the following data transfers: Voice to Frame Relay, ISDN or Serial; Frame Relay to Serial, Voice, or ISDN; ISDN to Frame Relay, Serial or Voice; and Serial to Frame Relay, Voice or ISDN. The universal requirement, according to an embodiment of the invention, is that each module in the VOSR be streams compliant such that it can receive a stream and if needed, perform a put or putqueue to uplink the data to another module. The modules shown in FIG. 4 are merely exemplary. Any number and variety of other services may be added/programmed into the VOSR such that each of the already existing services can now communicate with it to transfer data to that new network/device type. One example of a service not shown is IPX which may be added into the VOSR to achieve interconnectivity through the VOSR with an IP network in a known manner. Such flexibility is enabled in part by the requirement, according to an embodiment of the invention, that the IPX service translation layer that is added also conform or be compliant with the streams standard. The core 400 is essentially a switch with a translationing capability, and each service shown connected to it behaves much like a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) device. Thus, the VOSR may be viewed as a plurality of translationing devices that are plugged into a switch. According to an embodiment of the invention, each module shown in FIG. 4, including the core 400 is software or some programmable device, such that the switch and those service translations layers plugged into the switch are all implemented in software or programmable hardware. A tunneling service layer may also be provided separately to maintain the mapping between the VOSR shown in FIG. 4 and other VOSRs connected over a public network. Part of the VOSR not shown is the physical interconnects that allow each of these connections to other physical routers or networks to be maintained such as those found in conventional router. Unlike a conventional router, switching and tunneling are both performed and unlike a conventional router or network device, by simply programming a new service translation module, the VOSR can interconnect any new network/protocol/data type that needs interconnection. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily be able to implement the encapsulation/de-encapsulation performed in the service layers shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 shows a design methodology for configuring a VOSR according to an embodiment of the invention.
The first step in configuring a VOSR is to build/design the physical router device with the appropriate interfaces (step 510). Such techniques for building a physical router, such as a frame relay router are known in the art and need not be discussed further herein. Once the physical router is built and/or designed, then according to step 520, a streams stack is created with two rules: (1) Each stream must be uniquely numbered; and (2) A path ID and port ID must be provided by each module when performing a "put" of data to other modules. When these two rules are enforced, a VOSR is able to provide a combination of virtual switching, service translation and tunneling. Thus, when configuring the VOSR, the next step is to write service translation layer modules which conform to the above rules and which comply with the streams specification (step 530). If any more services need to be enabled (checked at step 540), then more service translation layers are programmed in or written to the VOSR in accordance with step 530. Once all services that need enabling are finished, the VOSR is closed (step 550) and ready to commence operation. After the initial design whenever a new service needs enabling, step 530 can again be repeated such that the new service is enabled. This allows the VOSR to dynamically expand its range of capabilities, limited only by the availability of resource necessary to program the VOSR. In an alternate embodiment, a computer system may be used as VOSR, provided that it has whatever capability of physical interconnect/interface (e.g., Network Interface Card) that would be needed to transfer data. The VOSR, in the disclosed embodiments of the invention, may couple a computer subsystem such as a processor and memory within a physical router to achieve the desired programmability.
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of processing data packets into data streams in accordance with the disclosed embodiments of the invention.
Each module within the VOSR must convert data packets into data streams so that the information within the data packets may be passed from module to module within the VOSR. FIG. 6 illustrates one methodology for performing the data packet to data stream conversion within these modules. The first step in doing so is to fetch the data packet from the device/module (step 610). The VOSR may include traffic management layers that coordinate and/or queue the movement of data between devices outside the VOSR and modules within the VOSR. Once a packet is fetched, the data is assembled into a "frame" (step 620). A frame is defined in the streams specification and is essentially a unit of data with complete header information and data payload without fragmentation. The frame is then encapsulated by attaching a streams header (step 630), which is defined in the streams specification, of the proposed data transfer. With the appropriate streams header, a streams processing function such as "put" or "putqueue" may be called (step 640) in order to initiate the movement of the data stream to the next module/device. If the final destination for the data is not yet reached (checked at step 650), then the streams processing of the stream repeats. If the final destination is reached the proper encapsulation, provided by the service translation layer above will already accompany the data making it suitable for transfer. For instance, referring back to FIG. 4, streams data which is uplinked to IP translation service 440 will be encapsulated into IP after the stream is received.
The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided merely to illustrate the principles of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Rather, the principles of the invention may be applied to a wide range of systems to achieve the advantages described herein and to achieve other advantages or to satisfy other objectives as well.
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The book focuses around creating educational activities in Drupal, with lots of examples of realistic courses and classroom ideas and how to implement them... more about this book
Each month we recommend books that are great for Teachers. Simply click on one of our "top choices" below. Also, please let us know if you have read or used a GREAT book lately. We will add it to our list. To send feedback, please visit our Contact Form
Written by Patricia C. McKissack, Illustrated by Leo Dillon
Set in West Africa, here is a lyrical story-in-verse about a young black boy who is... more about this book
Written by David Almond
Mina loves the night. While everyone else is in a deep slumber, she gazes out the window. A blank notebook lies on the table... more about this book
Written by Rebecca Stead
The instant New York Times bestseller from Rebecca Stead, author of the Newbury Medal book When You Reach Me: a story about... more about this book


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If you want an instant guitar stack with all tube, classic tone in a compact package, look no further than the Jet City JCA20HV Tube Head and JCA24 2x12 Cab Half-Stack Amp! The included JCA20HV amp head packs 20 watts of power from 2xEL84 power tubes and 3x12AX7 preamp tubes. It also features a Presence control, a depth switch based upon Soldano's famous Depth control and a post-master effects loop.
This great package also includes a Jet City JCA24 Vintage 2x12 cabinet to perfectly match the head! Like all Jet City cabs, this one has void-free, fine-ply, 15mm plywood. The two Celestion Vintage 30 12 inch speakers are stacked on top of each other, and slightly offset. Plus the top speaker is on a bit of a slant. Some advantages to this design are a small stage footprint, it projects well to the player on stage, and it raises the head to a level which is easier to adjust. This package also includes a 3 foot, 14 gauge CBI speaker cable for connection!
What started as a simple string and pedal sales catalog has grown exponentially over the past thirty years. The early days were a time where catalogs didn't have much of a presence in the industry, but what began as a college dorm room operation grew rapidly. In 1986 we moved to a full product offering and 64-page catalog, which over the years has grown to 162 pages. Join the AMS family and get your free catalog now!
Copyright © 1996-2017 American Musical Supply, Inc. All rights reserved. American Musical Supply reserves the right to correct pricing and/or product specifications in the event of typographical errors found in our print catalog or on our website. If a product is listed at an incorrect price due to such errors or because of inaccurate information received from a supplier, American Musical Supply shall have the right to refuse or cancel any orders placed, whether or not the order has been confirmed and your credit card charged. If your credit card has already been charged for the purchase and your order is canceled, American Musical Supply will issue a credit to your credit card account in the amount of the charge.


text: i moved into a property owned by my boyfriend at the time… I did not have a tenancy agreement and no deposit paid…. We have recently split up and now he says he wants me out… He says that if I don't move out then he will start to move my things out… I do pay rent for the property though even though no agreement… Can he do this what are my rights…. Last week I was told I could stay as long as I want and now he is being nasty and saying he wants me out. Where do I stand legally? This is not his residential house it is a property he rents out commercially


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Chris Bowker
As tax partner at our Exeter office, Chris deals mainly with all areas of UK tax planning for individuals, trusts and estates. He provides specialist advice to fellow professionals as well as clients and has significant experience in advising on land and property transactions and inheritance tax planning.
A member of the Chartered Institute of Taxation and of the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners, Chris joined Simpkins Edwards in 1988 and has been a partner since 1998.
And another thing…
Chris is a keen league badminton player and a qualified badminton coach, helping to run a junior badminton club in Exeter.
Contact details


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I really hate my self now and also my hand hates me as well for not being make some artworks in few consecutive months.
1 Company in morning 8am -12:30 pm and Other Company afterlunch 1pm- 7pm and my personal business at breaking dawn 2am- 7am. Why i am doing this??? ....
first i am not a rich guy ( that's why i need personal business ) 3rd my Country maybe not the best place to be lived ( but i love my country ) other reasons are no need to mention.
I saw many deviant friends here still remains and some are changes their username ( arghh i cannot find them anymore ) and some are busy also with their personal career.
In times i'll be back and still thinking for a new.... something new


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acupuncture in North Olmsted, OH
Avon Chiropractic And Acupuncture36490 Detroit Rd, Avon, OH map
Zymler Chiropractic & Acupuncture6406 Stumph Rd, Cleveland, OH map
Caruso's Center For Acupuncture36711 American Way, Avon, OH map
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Molly Enders, Mstom1400 W 6th St 4th Fl, Cleveland, OH map
Salvator J Tocco DC4859 Dover Center Rd, North Olmsted, OH map
DR Comfort1226 Southpark Ctr, Strongsville, OH map
North Coast Natural Health3929 Center Rd, Brunswick, OH map
Medical Co OP165 W Bagley Rd, Berea, OH map
American Chiropractic & Physical Therapy Center6900 Ridge Rd Ste 202, Cleveland, OH map
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AetherPal's Leadership
Daniel Deeney, CEO
Daniel leads the company's overall vision and strategy to expand its leadership in the enterprise mobility market through its focus on mobile support for end users. Prior to AetherPal, Daniel was a founding partner of New Venture Partners, a leading venture capital firm with $700 million under management, where he worked closely with entrepreneurs and companies to launch new businesses in the enterprise and carrier markets.
Before joining New Venture Partners, Daniel was with its predecessor organization, Lucent New Ventures Group. Prior to Lucent, he held a variety of senior positions at Mobile media Communications where he played a key financial role in the firm's IPO. Daniel is currently on the venture advisory councils at Verizon Wireless and Sprint.
He holds a MS in Management of Technology from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania/Penn Engineering, an MBA from Pepperdine University and a BS in Finance from San Diego State University.
Subbu Ayyalasomayajula, VP of Product Delivery
Subbu has over twenty years of experience in software life cycle management, customer program management and software solution delivery for tier 1 wireless customers. He is responsible for requirements management, product quality and delivery, pre-production/production support and internal IT. Prior to AetherPal, he worked for Mformation Technologies as a Director of Product Delivery where he was responsible for overseeing new product releases and product upgrades to multiple tier 1 wireless customers worldwide. At Mformation, he worked with cross functional teams in successfully providing many large-scale device management solutions to global wireless providers. Prior to Mformation, he worked for Verizon Communications in their revenue assurance unit where he successfully worked with clients in identifying, prioritizing, developing and delivering Revenue Assurance projects that contributed to an average revenue recovery of $30+M per year between 2005 and 2008. Subbu holds an MBA from NYU Stern School of Business and a BS in Electronics Engineering.
Mitch Berk, VP of Product
Mitch leads the product vision, strategy, and roadmap, as well as all marketing functions at AetherPal. Mitch brings nearly 20 years of experience driving product strategy for start-up companies delivering innovative and market-defining enterprise-class software. Prior to joining AetherPal, Mitch was Vice President of Product Management at BoxTone where he helped lead the creation of a Mobile Service Management platform that delivered visibility and reliability to the IT Operations and Help Desk teams responsible for the largest enterprise mobile deployments in the world. Mitch drove the expansion of the product suite to include modules to help enterprises reduce their mobile support costs, improve their reliability and service quality, track mobile ROI and utilization, monitor compliance, and provide secure configuration through Mobile Device Management (MDM). Mitch has also held product leadership positions at Good Technology (acquired by BlackBerry), BlackBerry, and Mantas (acquired by Oracle Financial Services). Mitch holds a Bachelor of Science from Syracuse University in Information Management & Technology.
Tom Flaherty, Chief Financial Officer
As Chief Financial Officer of AetherPal, Tom manages all of the financial activities of the Company, including business planning and analysis, treasury functions and financial reporting, as well as overseeing HR, Legal and other administrative matters. Tom has over 20 years of experience at venture capital backed and publicly traded software, mobile communications and technology companies; with a focus on early stage and high growth companies. Tom's software industry experience includes being CFO of Wayside Technology Group, a publicly traded software distributor and Corporate Controller of VPIsystems, a software company that optimizes telecommunications networks. Tom's experience in the mobile communications industry includes being Director of Accounting at Centennial Communications, a mobile operator in the USA and the Caribbean. While an Audit Manager at Ernst & Young, his largest client was Cellular One, a mobile operator in the USA.
Deepak Gonsalves, Chief Technical Officer
Deepak is the Co-Founder and Chief Technical Officer of AetherPal. With an extensive background in wireless technologies and standards, he helps drive the technology strategy and the overall product vision of the company. He is responsible for the design and development of AetherPal's carrier-grade customer care platform which has been proven by the world's most respected mobile operators. Deepak holds a Master's degree in Computer Science and a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering.
Charlie Grieco, VP of Sales and Business Development
As Vice President of Sales & Business Development, Charlie comes to AetherPal with over 25 years of senior enterprise software and sales management experience. Most recently, he served as Vice President of Sales at SOTI where he was responsible for executing sales and strategic alliance strategies, driving high-growth revenue attainment and net new business acquisition, and delivering transformational mobility management solutions to the enterprise. Charlie has also served in senior leadership roles at Dell. His leadership, sales success, and strategic approach have been recognized by The Channel Company who named Charlie in its prestigious Top 50 Midmarket IT Vendor Executive ranking in 2014 and 2015.


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Mister B's Auto Center
Review for Mister B's Auto Center
Karen R. on 02/27/2014
"Always happy with the service"
We had our car in for a 25,000 maintenance. The work was completed quickly and for a great price. We take all our cars here.
Vehicle: Toyota Venza
Service Date: 02/27/2014
Review Created: 02/27/2014 08:05 PM


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Yesterday, we went down to the studio for another recording.
Unfortunately, we didn't have Kyle or Makayla accompany us, so it was mainly Dana and I.
Thankfully, however, there's a new student, Samantha, who helped me out quite a bit. I wasn't feeling all that great around the end, and Samantha helped me out and took the lead. I'm extremely proud of her, being so new in the program and being able to help me like that.
I didn't perform at my average performance level, I will admit. They said I did good, but when I was sitting in the seat, I felt like I was pathetic. If I didn't have Samantha to save me, and she saved me multiple times, I don't know what I would have done.
We met some really interesting people yesterday. One person was Cinda Firestone, the person who wrote the biography for Attica. It was a wildly successful Broadway play, based on a true story. It was made in 1971.
Another woman worked for a child-based magazine, where kids do all of the writing, and kids get reported on. It's called In The Zona. Hopefully, I'll be able to write for them in the near future.
One man we had was named Tom Keegan, who was a director and producer for multiple movies.
Overall, it was a successful recording. And while I could have done better, it is what it is.
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VideoHive Frozen Winter Tree Branch with Bud in Ice 1734249
Stock Footage \ Nature
Branch \ Frozen \ Sunshiner \ Regards \ Videos \ Winter \ WinterTwo \ Snowfall
Stock Footage - Frozen Winter Tree Branch with Bud in Ice 1734249 by mrSunshiner @ VideoHive
Stock Footage \ Nature
Two videos of frozen winter tree branch with bud in ice. There is some falling snow on background. Total length is 1:02. Full HD 1920×1080.
With all the best regards, mr. Sunshiner
Other items
Alpha Channel: No; Looped Video: No; Frame Rate: 29.97; Resolution: 1920x1080; Video Encoding: H.264; File Size: 227mb; Total Clip(s) Length: 1:02.
Book and Glasses; Smoke; Making A Note; Watching A Graph On Smartphone; 11 Paper Transitions; Grinding A Camera Lens In Service; Picking Up Car Keys And Wallet.
Keywords: branch, cold, frost, frozen, ice, snow, snowfall, tree, winter.


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Business Loans
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text: Cancer Cancer January 2017 - Melanoma 2nd Most Common Form of Cancer Among Teens and Young Adults 240 Montanans are diagnosed with Melanoma yearly, which is the 2nd most common form of cancer among teens and young adults (age 15 to 39). 65%-to-90% of melanomas are caused by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, such as from indoor tanning. Beginning indoor tanning at an early age is especially dangerous, yet 1-in-5 high school girls in Montana reported indoor tanning in the past year. To prevent Melanoma and other skin cancers, never use indoor tanning devices and protect your skin from excessive sun exposure − even in cold or cloudy weather. March 2016 - Colorectal Cancer Screening Approximately 315,000 Montanans age 50-75 should be screened for colorectal cancer; approximately 40% are not meeting screening recommendations. Colorectal cancer screening tests are covered as a preventive service under Medicare/Medicaid or private insurance benefits. There are several recommended screening test options - the best test is the one that gets done!


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MORAINE, Ohio (WDTN) – Fuyao Glass America Inc. has parted ways with its senior management team, according to our partners at the Dayton Business Journal.
John Gauthier, who has served as president, and Dave Burrows, who was vice president of operations, have stepped down effective Monday. In their place, the company says a new management team is taking shape, including a new president. Many of the new leaders are newcomers to Dayton, where the company has 2,000 employees as its North American headquarters, according to the Dayton Business Journal.
The two are among the first leaders and local faces for the plant, with Gauthier having come over from the Mt. Zion, Illinois, float glass plant the company purchased, and Burrows having been a veteran of Dayton Development Coalition. They helped set up Fuyao Glass America, a North American subsidiary of China-based auto parts giant Fuyao Group.
Jeff Daochuan Liu, who is C Fuyao Group's vice president of global sales and marketing, will come on board as the new president, according to the Dayton Business Journal.
"I am pleased to join the dedicated and talented management team at such a critical point in the company's operations," Liu said. "I am so proud to be part of Fuyao, a global company headquartered in China which has made an unprecedented investment in America. I am confident that Fuyao Glass America is well positioned for long-term success in the United States.
Liu has helped it build its sales strategy in North America and Europe. The company has credited him with helping make it a global supplier and major OEM manufacturer, and he has 20 years of experience in international business. In addition to Fuyao, he is a member of the board of directors of Chongqing Chaoli Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.
Liu's other experience includes group vice president of Beijing Four Dimension Group, where he led supply chain management for its England business, as well as about 10 years at General Motors' global purchasing center in Warren, Michigan where he managed procurement and supply chain management. In that role, he helped U.S. businesses set up business in North America while also helping Chinese companies build relationships with GM.
"These changes to our senior management team are an important step forward as we transition from a construction phase into a mass production phase. We believe this management reorganization optimally positions Fuyao Glass America for future revenue growth and profitability," said Fuyao Group chairman Cho Tak Wong in an emailed statement to the Dayton Business Journal. "Going forward, our focus will be on enhancing revenue growth and meeting the demand of our North American automotive customers."
The new leadership team for the plant also includes Jimmy Junming Wang, Vice President of Capital Investment; Jinshu Zhang, Vice President of Production; Athena Jiangxiao Hou, Vice President of Legal and Compliance; Eric Vanetti, Vice President of Human Resources; and Julian Jianhong Zhu, Vice President of Sales and Marketing.
The company says Sunny Yiqun Sun will be Fuyao Group's North American representative and help it build and manage relationships on the continent. Former University of Dayton president Dan Curran, who has been an independent board member, will be a spokesperson for the company, according to the Dayton Business Journal.
The leadership change will be a next step for the company, which recently entered full-scale production in Moraine. It's the centerpiece of a $1 billion Fuyao Group investment in the U.S. that also means facilities in Illinois and Michigan. Between all of them, Cho has said the company could grow to 5,000 U.S. employees, including 3,000 in Moraine.


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Cho'Gath Build Guide by HackUser
This build has been archived and is for historical display only.
PLEASE NOTE: This build has been archived by the author. They are no longer supporting nor updating this build and it may have become outdated. As such, voting and commenting have been disabled and it no longer appears in regular search results.
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
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Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Cho'Gath Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
I am high elo player on PL servers
welcome to my chogath guide
remember to feast noobs and report feeders
very opii
listen this
good music to listen while this guide
wub bubub wowobowoobobow wuuuuuuuuuuuub lol jk u suc kall
how to maximize swäg with runes
hyrdib penetartion is best for cho gath because you need the hybrid penetartion because you are huybrid
get the same seals and glyphs like in every single guide so you look good
these runes are verified to be op by high elo player
you odnt need masterous but they give you extra swäg
you dont need defensive masteries because you are naturally tank
you take 30/0/0 because you are hubrid and you need haibrid masteries
how to own noobs
start with boots and 3 potions so you can move faster to lane
get 2 dorans to trick enemy thinking you are ap
get seekers because its actually pretty good on cho
then get some attack damage buying ie and statikk shiv
then enemy thinks you are troll so you can make good item like RAGEblade which is good on huybrids
now make whatever you are automaticly winer
max skillz
take feast to eat scrubs
get max silence so enemy cant flash away
take spikeys or rupture 2nd nobody cares because you only feast once (yolo)
flash for big plays ( i saw it on stream)
also get your ignite for bonus attack damage and ability power (good for hubrids)
+ cant be countered
+ true damage
+ good skins
+ high base model
+scary monster and nice sprites
- polish trolls flame u
- skillshots
Ranked Play
works in rankeds just make sure to get top or mid (doesnt matter if 2 mid or 2 top, bot is for suckers)
farm champions
use silence on minions
farm champions with ultimate
autoattack and get very fed
250 creeps in 15 minutes in normal because you are hybred master :))
lane matchups
akali - easy you kill her in pool with feat also get pinks
alistar- easy eat him while he ults troll)
ahri - silence so she cant jump and then eat
amumu - eat him so he cant escape
darius - counter dunk with eating
karma - if ad you mgiht have problems with autoattek harass but keep trying you might see a bad karma someday, if ap you eat her
draven - surrender 20 after eating their entire team
ezreal - silence her so you can kill him (not sure if her or him), use eat
zilean - silence him so you can eat him :D
blitzcrank- watchout for passive it might deny your feast hp boost
shen - stop ult with eating him
yoricg- hard lane for noobs because yorick is proken. good thing you are more op so keep feasting x)
Olaf - watch out for passive keep eating
volibar - eat when voli is low hp so he wont regen, then get fed an eat more than average amerikan at mcdolands
phreak - tons of damage cant do poop :PP
anivia - flash ult qwer kill
heimerdinger eat that yordle with your ultimate by pressing R when himer****er is near low hp
malphie dont kno people ban him always
ryze - start boots to dodge skillshots then eat
annie - eat her she is small very east matchup
rammus - an ok matchup (see what i just did there xd) just kidding eat him
xin - op 1 v 5 pentakills, good thing you are more op
kennnen- yordles are small and easy to eat
teemo - eat it
Le Sin - poor blind monk doesnt even realize there is 10metres tall cho infront of him rdy to eat xd
twisted faight - care ad/as hybrid tf its op try to eat
ashee - care she gets rich very fast also her ap scalings are op so dodge her skills to reat her
try to get all kills with your ultimate because it gives you health for succesful kill
dont let your team get kills they are always baddies
proof it works
this is very
high elo game_play


text:
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100% Canadian eh!
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Bosch Tools 11250VSRD 3/4" SDS-Plus Rotary Hammer PLUS Dust Collection
The 11250VSRD includes:
- 1x Bosch 11250VSRD 3/4" SDS-Plus Rotary Hammer
- 1x 360 degree Auxilliary Side Handle with Depth Stop
- 1x Dust Collection Unit
- 1x Carrying Case
- Extremely compact and lightweight dust collection rotary hammer at 7-7/8" in height and just 7.4 lbs
- Offers dust free drilling in concrete in the tightest of spaces
- Dust collection unit has a microfilter system and variable depth adjustment
- Patented rotating brush plate delivers equal power in reverse while also extending brush life
- 360 offset auxiliary handle is built for tight spaces and gives you the wide range of movement you need
The Bosch 11250VSRD 3/4-In. SDS-plus Bulldog Rotary Hammer with Dust Collection features a dual-fan system with a second set of fan blades for outstanding air suction for more dust collection. The microfilter system has an integrated paper filter captures a high volume of silica dust for reduced exposure. The hammer itself weighs only 5.5 lbs., but it has a muscular 6.1-AMP motor that provides 1.7 ft.-lbs. of impact energy. It has an ergonomic pistol-grip handle, which provides outstanding comfort and performance in hard-to-reach or all-day applications. It has a dual-mode selector for drilling versatility — rotary hammer or rotation-only mode. The 11250VSRD has a rotating brush plate for longer brush life and a variable-speed reversing trigger for accurate bit starting. The SDS-plus system provides for tool-free bit changes with automatic bit locking. It has a Vario-Lock system that allows the user to rotate a chisel into 36 positions, and an integral clutch to minimize risky torque reaction.
Tech Specs:
- Brand: Bosch
- Model: 11250VSRD
- Type: Hammer
- Amperage: 6.1
- Chuck Design: Keyless
- Chuck Size: 3/4 in SDS-Plus
- Impact Energy (ft. lbs.): 1.6
- Length Tool: 14-1/4", with dust coll: 19-5/8"
- No Load BPM: 0-4,400
- No Load RPM: 0-1,100
- Rating: 120V
- Weight (lbs.): 7.4
- Width: 3.5"
- Package Qty.: 1


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Public Sector
With a dedicated team of professionals focused on research, analysis and reporting, we aim at providing you with insightful industry perspectives.
Recent thought leadership
China's express sector development report 2014
Providing theoretical and data support for the people interested in Chinese express industry so that they could better understand and master the China market development trends.
Rethinking red tape: Influencing behaviors to achieve public outcomes
Behavioral approaches have been used successfully in a number of private and public sector organizations to influence citizens to make better choices.
Gov on the go: Boosting public sector productivity by going mobile
Potential value that mobile can generate for government, and examines the key areas where mobile acts as an enabler of productivity for the public sector.


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