text:
The barrister's performance did not escape the watchful eye of The Star Trek Compendium's Allan Asherman. "Belli's delivery is unemotional," wrote Asherman, "not the sort of impassioned presentation one would expect from either an alien entity or a defense attorney."
Back in 1989, Belli reminisced about the role in The Nose magazine. At the time, he was in the news for a much-publicized divorce from wife Lia the previous year, in which he claimed she slept with Zsa Zsa Gabor and Bishop Desmond Tutu. (He had also recently driven his Rolls-Royce into a Sausalito storefront.)
Had the producers allowed him to embellish his lines in any way?
"Not at all," he replied amiably. "In fact, I was asked, 'Mr. Belli, we know that being a famous trial lawyer, you are probably a wonderful writer, but maybe you could read the lines these well-paid, no-talent writers of ours wrote for you just this one time?' "
Was acting similar to trying a case before a jury?
"Parts of it are very similar," answered the King of Torts. "When you're trying a case, presenting evidence before a jury, you have a specific goal in mind, to serve your client. An attorney is only successful if he convincingly portrays what his client believes happened, not necessarily what the lawyer feels is the truth. Once you're in court, you have to put aside your personal feelings for the good of the client. You become your client, even if it isn't you or what you believe in. That is your job, that is what you've been hired to do."
Another Night on the Track
Rave reviews continue to pour in from CNN, Oprah, and the New York Times about the city's class for first-offender prostitution johns, a one-day educational program for men to learn about the sex industry in exchange for $500 and their charges being dismissed. But in the heavily trafficked Tenderloin district, a four-block area nicknamed "The Track," a much different view is offered.
"If you drive up and down the streets, you'll notice there isn't any less prostitution than there was before the johns school," says Carol Leigh, a prostitute and activist who also does outreach. "It's very disrespectful of the prostitutes' perspective. It's like the ex-prostitutes get together -- the very small number who are able to quit -- and decide that the ones that are still working, we're going to arrest for their tricks. It seems that it's not exactly a sisterly effort to deal with prostitutes' problems. And it's portrayed as that."
A homeless man named Stan lingers at the corner of Jones and O'Farrell streets. He hustles for everyone -- from handing out condoms to the girls to warning johns about busts and tipping off cops to suspicious license plates. A friend of his was enrolled in the First Offender program.
"It's just like drunk drivers," shrugs Stan, obviously unimpressed.
When the program is mentioned to a couple of beat cops as being pretty successful, both roll their eyes.
"Oh really?" says one. "I didn't know."
A block up the street stands a young girl in a short white dress and stockings with garters. She gives her name as Jazzy. She's a hard-edged 20, and has turned tricks since she was 16, from New York to Chicago and Los Angeles. One of her regular johns went to the class.
"It's stupid," says Jazzy, lighting a cigarette. "He was back out here the next week." She exhales into the chilly evening air and smiles. "You sure you don't want to party?"
Address all correspondence to: Slap Shots, c/o SF Weekly, 425 Brannan, San Francisco, CA 94107; phone: (415) 536-8152; e-mail: email@example.com.
By Jack Boulware


text:
Kayah Li is used to write the Eastern and Western Kayah Li languages, spoken by 360,000 and 210,000 people respectively. These are Karen languages native to Myanmar but also spoken by significant refugee populations in Thailand. The script was created in 1962 by Htae Bu Phae. It bears noticeable similarities to the Myanmar script and to the Indic scripts. The Kayah Li languages can also be written using the Myanmar script.
The script is of Brahmic origin but, unusually, it is an alphabet rather than an abugida. Four of the nine Kayah vowel sounds are written with spacing letters; the remaining five are written with the spacing letter a, modified by diacritics. Non-native sounds are written by using the same vowel diacritics to modify the spacing letter oe.
Every vowel sound carries a tone. Tone is indicated by vowel marks written below the four spacing vowel letters (bearing in mind that two of these letters can be used to write all the other vowels). Where a tone mark and a vowel diacritic are both applied to a spacing letter, the vowel is conventionally written first, as the tone applies to the syllable as a whole.
There is a set of script-specific digits 0-9. Two punctuation marks also exist: one to represent extended intonation and one to separate sentences or phrases. In addition, conventional Latin punctuation marks are used. Spaces are used between words.
|ScriptSource Staff

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You may have heard of government plans to scrap the Mayday Bank Holiday.
This will mean the end of the Hastings May Day run, as well as the local Jack in the Green Festival.
The folkies are trying to mount a campaign to save Mayday - any bikers interested in joining us? I'm not a biker myself, but would really appreciate it if you guys could spread the word amongst your networks.
There's a Facebook cause if you'd like to join:
Otherrwise see you all in Hastings on May 2nd this year!!


text:
2144 E Nord St, Compton, CA 90222
- Sold
- Closed
- Multi-Family
2144 E Nord St, Compton, CA 90222 View this property at 2144 E Nord St, Compton, CA 90222
2144 E Nord St Compton CA 90222
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Property Description
***3-Units In Compton*** The subject property is a 3 unit property consisting of 3 separate houses each having it's own meter main house is a 2 bedroom 1 bath front unit is a 1 bedroom 1 bath and the back unit is a studio which has been completely remodeled.The front two units are occupied on a month to month contract and back unit is empty which was a garage converted to a studio apartment. This property has no rent control and the outside of the property has been completely remodeled with new paint, new roof, new windows, and bathrooms redone. This property also sits on a double lots which gives extra parking up to 4 cars. . 3rd unit is not permitted and will not show actual sq footage buyer to own due diligence of actual sq footage of
Full Property Details for 2144 E Nord St
- Sold For: $395,000
- Status: Closed
- Type: Multi-Family
- Added: 403 day(s) ago
Property History
- 2144 E Nord St, Compton, CA
- Sold at $395,000 on 2/1/17
- Listed at $395,000 on 10/17/16
- Appliances: Built-Ins
- Parking: Driveway
- County: Los Angeles
- Driving Directions: Drive South on wilmington turn left on to east 119th street right on to Willowbrook right on to E wayside right Oleander and a right east nord to address
Heating & Cooling
- Cooling Type: Air Conditioning
- Heating Type: Floor Furnace
Structural Information
- # Buildings: 3
- Square Feet: 389
- Year Built: 1926
Unit Information
Unit 1
- Total Bathrooms: 1
- Bedrooms: 2
Unit 2
- Total Bathrooms: 1
- Bedrooms: 1
Unit 3
- Total Bathrooms: 1
Lot Features
- Lot Size (Sq. Ft.): 4,936
- Zoning: LCR1YY
Listed by Realty One Group- Prime, Dior Brown - CA DRE: 02008050
NonMember OfficeDefault


text:
Event Image
Dates & Times
|Tue, Apr 25
|7:30 pm
|$45 - $65
Tickets On Sale
Tickets will go on sale on 11/18/2016 at 12:00 AM
Online: To Buy Click Here
Parking Passes: To Buy Click Here
By Phone: 888-JPJ-TIXS (575-8497)
In Person: John Paul Jones Arena Box Office
Event Details
Riverdance - The 20th Anniversary World Tour is an innovative and exciting blend of dance, music and song. Drawing on Irish traditions, the combined talents of the performers propel Irish dancing and music into the present day, capturing the imagination of audiences across all ages and cultures. Riverdance - The 20th Anniversary World Tour has set design by Robert Ballagh, lighting design by John Comiskey, costume design by Joan Bergin and sound design by Michael OGorman.
For over 20 years, nothing has carried the energy, the sensuality and the spectacle of Riverdance. Riverdance began its journey as the interval act in the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest, produced for television by Moya Doherty. This electrifying and innovative seven minute dance piece was then developed into a full-length stage show by Producer Moya Doherty, Composer Bill Whelan and Director John McColgan. With its fusion of Irish and International music and dance, the show broke all box office records during its world première run in Dublin in early 1995. When the show transferred to London the reaction was unprecedented. There followed a hugely successful tour starting in New York in March 1996, where 8 sold-out shows at Radio City Music Hall heralded the start of 16 years of non-stop touring by Riverdance companies throughout North America. Since its inception Riverdance has packed theatres throughout North America, Oceania, Asia, Europe, South Africa and South America.
For more information, please visit:
Website: www.riverdance.com
Facebook: www.Facebook.com/Riverdance
Twitter: @Riverdance
Instagram: @Riverdance_Official
Snapchat: riverdance-real
Additional Information
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text:
In the period immediately after birth, preterm infants are highly susceptible to lung injury. Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ENCPAP) is an attempt to avoid intubation and may minimize lung injury. In contrast, ENCPAP can fail, and at that time surfactant rescue can be less effective.
To compare the pulmonary clinical course and outcome of very preterm infants (gestational age 25–32 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who started with ENCPAP and failed (ECF group), with a control group of infants matched for gestational age, who were directly intubated in the delivery room (DRI group). Primary outcome consisted of death during admission or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
25 infants were included in the ECF group and 50 control infants matched for gestational age were included in the DRI group. Mean gestational age and birth weight in the ECF group were 29.7 weeks and 1,393 g and in the DRI group 29.1 weeks and 1,261 g (p = NS). The incidence of BPD was significantly lower in the ECF group than in the DRI group (4% vs. 35%; P<0.004; OR 12.6 (95% CI 1.6–101)). Neonatal mortality was similar in both groups (4%). The incidence of neonatal morbidities such as severe cerebral injury, patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis and retinopathy of prematurity, was not significantly different between the two groups.
Citation: te Pas AB, Lopriore E, Engbers MJ, Walther FJ (2007) Early Respiratory Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Very Preterm Infants and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Case-Control Study. PLoS ONE2(2): e192. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000192
Academic Editor: Lisa Askie, University of Sydney, Australia
Received: November 14, 2006; Accepted: January 15, 2007; Published: February 7, 2007
Copyright: © 2007 te Pas et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: No funding or support was received for the work presented in this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Early respiratory management (ERM) specifies ventilatory support from birth until stabilization during the first days of life. ERM starts with resuscitation in the delivery room (DR) and is primarily based on adequate ventilation. However, the recently updated international guidelines on neonatal resuscitation do not provide specific recommendations on how to provide ERM in very preterm infants due to lack of data.[1] Various ERM strategies are currently used to compensate for inadequate respiratory drive, surfactant deficiency and/or disturbances in the reabsorption of lung liquid after birth. Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ENCPAP), started directly after birth, is a gentle and effective non-invasive attempt to support non-compliant lungs.[2]–[6] It has been shown in animal studies that ENCPAP minimizes lung injury after preterm birth.[7], [8] During the immediate postnatal period the preterm, surfactant-deficient lung is highly susceptible to tissue injury and an exaggerated, unchecked inflammatory reaction can be triggered with the first manual breaths during resuscitation.[9]–[13] Several cohort studies report less requirement of mechanical ventilation when ENCPAP is used.[14] Nonetheless, a considerable percentage of preterm infants with RDS fails ENCPAP and requires intubation and mechanical ventilation during the first days of life.[15], [16] During this time period a potential improvement of lung function by surfactant treatment may have been missed as surfactant-deficient preterm infants respond better to surfactant treatment when it is given early in the course of their disease.[17], [18]
The aim of this case-control study was to compare the pulmonary course and outcome of very preterm infants with RDS who failed ENCPAP (ECF group) and a control group of infants, matched for gestational age, who were intubated in the DR (DRI group).
All inborn very preterm infants with a gestational age≤32 weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Leiden University Medical Center from January 2003 until December 2005 were identified. Limits of viability in the Netherlands are set at 25 weeks' gestation. Clinical data were collected from the hospital records. All infants with RDS who were supported with ENCPAP but failed and were intubated and ventilated within 72 hours after birth (ENCPAP failure = ECF group) were selected for the study group. Each infant in the ECF group was matched for gestational age (±1 week of gestation) with the next two consecutively born infants born with RDS who were intubated in the delivery room (delivery room intubation = DRI group). Diagnosis of RDS was based on clinical symptoms and chest X-ray findings. The following perinatal data were collected: birth weight, gestational age, gender, race, singleton or twin, maternal pregnancy disease, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, signs of chorioamnionitis (defined as maternal fever with at least one of the following symptoms: leucocytosis, tenderness of the uterus, fetal tachycardia, foul-smelling amniotic fluid), mode of delivery, intra-uterine growth retardation, antenatal steroids (defined as any administration of steroids irrespective of completion of therapy), umbilical arterial pH, resuscitation in the DR (none, oxygen administration, positive pressure ventilation with mask and bag, intubation and mechanical ventilation), 5 min Apgar score. Postnatal data collection included: ENCPAP (defined as NCPAP support within 15 minutes after admission to the neonatal intensive care unit), intubation within 72 hours, time and cause of intubation, clinical signs of RDS and staging by chest X-ray, duration of mechanical ventilation (first period and total period), type of ventilation (conventional ventilation only, rescue high frequency oscillation), surfactant treatment, administration of postnatal steroids, and occurrence of air leaks.
Primary outcome consisted of death during admission or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on the NICHD definition.[19] Secondary outcome was based on the presence of cerebral pathology detected by cranial ultrasound, retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Respiratory management
If respiration was insufficient in the delivery room, positive-pressure ventilation was started with a self-inflating bag and mask during 30 seconds. At first inflation, pressures up to 30–40 cmH20 could be given, thereafter not more than 20 cmH2O was allowed. If signs of respiratory distress persisted, the decision to intubate and start mechanical ventilation or to start ENCPAP (within 15 minutes) was dependant on RDS severity and clinical judgement of the attending neonatologist. After arrival in the neonatal intensive care unit, ENCPAP was given with nasopharyngeal tube or Infant Flow (EME Tricomed, Brighton, UK). CPAP-levels were titrated from 4 to 8 cmH20 according to the degree of respiratory distress, assessed by observing the infant's chest retraction, effort of breathing, chest radiograph appearance, and oxygen requirement (stabilize oxygenation until arterial PO2>50 mmHg, while pH>7.20 and arterial PCO2<60 mmHg). Caffeine or theophylline treatment was started as soon as possible after birth in neonates<30 weeks of gestation and only after apnea emerged in more mature infants.
Intubation and mechanical ventilation were initiated when infants exhibited arterial hemoglobin saturations<88% or arterial PO2≤50 mmHg while receiving FiO2≥0.40 (corresponding with an AaPO2 ratio<0.22) and/or arterial PCO2>60 mmHg, pH<7.20, or when more than 4 apnea episodes occurred in one hour or mask ventilation was needed >2 times per hour. Surfactant was given when on mechanical ventilation with a mean airway pressure x FiO2 ratio>2. Infants with RDS were extubated as soon as a FiO2<0.3 and a mean airway pressure<7 cmH2O was reached. Immediately after extubation NCPAP was started using an infant flow device or nasopharyngeal tube. NCPAP was discontinued when the neonate remained stable with a capillary PCO2<60 mmHg, oxygen saturation>92% without supplementary O2 and no NCPAP for more than four consecutive hours. No changes in respiratory management occurred in the study period.
Data analysis
Data are presented as mean±SD or number (percentage) and were analyzed with SPSS software (SPSS for windows, version 12.0, 2005, Chicago, IL). Analyses compared infants who failed ENCPAP treatment and were intubated within 72 hours of age (ECF group) and matched infants who were intubated immediately in the DR (DRI group). The null hypothesis was that the ECF group did not have a better pulmonary clinical course and outcome than the DRI group. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared using Student's t test for parametric and the Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric comparisons for continuous variables, and the χ2 test for categorical variables. Reported p-values are two-sided; the level of significance is <0.05.
Early respiratory management
A total of 268 inborn very preterm infants (gestational age range between 25 and 32 weeks) were admitted consecutively to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2005. Six infants were excluded because of severe congenital anomalies of the cardiac or respiratory system or anomalies incompatible with survival. The remaining 262 infants had a mean birth weight of 1318±385 g, mean gestational age of 29.3±1.9 weeks, and the mortality rate was 7% (19/262). The incidence of moderate or severe BPD [19] among survivors was 15% (37/243). ERM of the 262 included infants is shown in Figure 1. ENCPAP was started after arrival at the NICU in 83/87 (95%) infants and 4 (5%) of them received ENCPAP immediately in the DR. A nasopharyngeal tube was used 85% of the cases and an infant flow driver in 15%. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical failure between the two devices. The distribution of DRI, ENCPAP and ECF, plotted against gestational age is shown in Figure 2. Failure of CPAP occurred in 1/9 (11%) infants<28 weeks, in 15/50 (30%) infants of 28–30 weeks and in 12/30 (40%) infants>30 weeks of gestation. RDS was the principal cause of ECF (25/28 (89%) infants)
The distribution of need of ventilatory support in very preterm neonates (25–33 weeks of gestation). ENCPAP = early nasal continuous positive airway pressure; mask and bag: using a self-inflating bag.
Distribution of delivery room intubation, ENCPAP and ENCPAP-failure plotted against gestational age. DRI = delivery room intubation; ENCPAP = early continuous positive airway pressure.
ECF vs. DRI in very preterm neonates with RDS
RDS was diagnosed in 127/262 (48%) very preterm infants. In 42/127 (33%) infants with RDS, ENCPAP was started within 15 minutes after birth, and in 13 of them (31%) mask and bag ventilation was given in the delivery room. In 25/42 (59%) infants ENCPAP failed within 72 hours of age and they needed endotracheal intubation, ventilation and surfactant treatment (ECF-group) (mean time of intubation 14 hours after birth; range 0.3–65 hours). 83/127 (65%) infants with RDS were immediately intubated in the delivery room, of this group 50 infants formed the DRI-group according to described methods. The basic characteristics of the ECF-group and matched infants in the DRI-group were not significantly different (Table 1). Table 2 presents the pulmonary clinical parameters of the ECF and DRI groups. All patients with RDS intubated within 72 hours received surfactant, but significant more doses of surfactant were needed in the DRI-group.
Primary outcome is shown in Table 3. Survivors in the DRI group had significantly more often moderate to severe BPD at 36 weeks of gestation than survivors in the ECF group. Mortality was 4% in both groups and all died due to respiratory failure.
Comparison of secondary outcome between the ECF and DRI groups did not show significant differences in severe intraventicular hemorrhage (>grade 2) (3/24 (12.5%) vs. 3/49 (6.1%)), cystic periventricular leucomalacia (0/24 (0%) vs. 2/47 (4%)) and patent ductus arteriosus requiring medical or surgical closure (5/25 (20%) vs. 15/50 (30%)). Necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery and severe retinopathy of prematurity was absent in both groups.
ENCPAP proved to be a valuable initial ventilatory strategy as a significant percentage of very preterm infants (33%) was successfully managed with ENCPAP alone, even extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks). However, ENCPAP can also fail, requiring infants to be intubated within 72 hours after birth, mostly because of RDS. This study shows that infants in the ENCPAP failure group need less doses of surfactant and have a lower incidence of BPD compared to the matched DRI-infants. These findings are in agreement with animal studies, which have demonstrated that ventilatory management during the vulnerable period directly after birth may play an important role in the development of BPD. [7], [9]–[13], [20] A trial of ENCPAP at birth may be a good alternative for intubation in case of RDS and may reduce the incidence of BPD. Because the ECF group does not have more adverse outcomes and complications than the DRI group, it seems reasonable to avoid or postpone intubation if possible, as long as early surfactant rescue is given if intubation becomes mandatory.
Initial and early respiratory management in preterm infants is a hot topic in neonatology. The IFDAS trial, presented and published in abstract form, gives a good representation of the main approaches.[14] Many clinicians advocate elective intubation and early administration of surfactant.[17], [21] Others opt for an alternative approach of ENCPAP and selective surfactant treatment. Various non-randomized retrospective studies, with or without historic controls, report lower or no differences in rates of BPD in centers that try to avoid intubation and ventilation of preterm infants.[21] However, the inclusion criteria, including gestational age of the preterm infants, the methods used to deliver NCPAP, and the levels of CPAP used vary between the studies. The interpretation of "early" NCPAP varies from starting in the delivery room directly after resuscitation to starting in the neonatal intensive care unit when signs of RDS appear.[21] ENCPAP and selective surfactant is an accepted alternative, but a Cochrane review of trials of prophylactic ( = early) NCPAP recently concluded that there is currently insufficient information to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic NCPAP in very preterm infants.[22] Retrospective studies in which ENCPAP is started in the delivery room have shown a reduction in incidence of BPD.[3], [4], [6] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case-control study comparing ENCPAP-failure and DR intubation in case of RDS. Similar to our study, Aly et al. retrospectively compared outcome of ENCPAP-failure and delivery room intubation in very preterm infants. However, they did not report the incidence of RDS in the total group and found, after controlling for basic characteristics, no difference in outcome, except for more NEC in the ENCPAP-failure group.[16] We found no significant differences in secondary outcome, including NEC. Lindner et al. reported a significant decrease in DR intubation when a new ventilatory strategy was introduced, consisting of a continuous prolonged pressure-controlled inflation followed by CPAP at 4–6 cmH2O.[11] Their study was not designed to test the difference in outcome between direct intubation and ENCPAP-failure. Nevertheless, in case of RDS, the incidence of BPD was 40% when infants were intubated in the delivery room compared to 22% when intubated later.[6] In contrast to these reports and also to our findings, the infant flow driver and surfactant (IFDAS) trial found no reduction in BPD when ENCPAP was used. Lack of significance may have been the result of a lack of power due to randomisation of the 237 infants of 27–29 weeks of gestation to 4 treatment groups. [14]
The period directly after birth is a very vulnerable phase and unnecessary intubation and ventilation may damage the upper airway and cause iatrogenic respiratory distress.[13], [20]. The use of a self-inflating bag prior to intubation may also induce lung injury as PEEP can not be regulated and an accurate peak inspiratory pressure is difficult to achieve. [23], [24] Acute ventilator-induced lung injury sustained shortly after birth can trigger the inflammatory cascade, which may progress to BPD.[7]–[13] Animals studies have shown that this inflammatory process may occur with the first manual breaths during resuscitation and compromise the effect of subsequent surfactant rescue treatment.[9];[10];[12] Even administration of prophylactic surfactant does not protect against the adverse affects of large lung inflations at birth.[11] In addition, lung injury after birth can be minimized by using ENCPAP instead of intubation and mechanical ventilation.[7], [8]
Symptoms of respiratory distress at birth in preterm infants may solely be due to their efforts to clear fluid from their lungs. Their ability to do so can be limited by surfactant deficiency and their soft and flexible chest wall makes preterm infants less able to generate sufficiently high pressures to achieve effective lung expansion.[25], [26] Nevertheless, expectant management (without direct intubation) may show that some preterm neonates are able to manage this with NCPAP assistance only. Once the alveoli are aerated, breathing needs less effort and distress symptoms may diminish. Some preterm infants who are intubated and ventilated in the DR may have had respiratory distress appropriate to a transitory phase, which eventually led to pulmonary complications due to "iatrogenic" RDS.
Compared to other reports, we found a higher percentage of ENCPAP-failure (32%) in our study, mostly due to RDS (89%).[4], [15], [16], [27] This difference may be due to the lower threshold for intubation and surfactant used at our institution. Preterm infants with RDS at our neonatal intensive care unit are intubated and ventilated as soon as the FiO2 is>40% or PaCO2>8.0 kPa and a maximum ENCPAP (8 cmH2O) is reached. Treatment with surfactant is considered when mean airway pressure x FiO2>2. In other reports, the FiO2 threshold for intubation was higher and varied from ≥0.6 to 1.0.[4], [15], [16], [27] The threshold for intubation and surfactant treatment when RDS has been established is an important issue. Prophylactic or early surfactant treatment of infants requiring mechanical ventilation is more effective than late rescue treatment.[17], [18], [28] However, with prophylactic treatment a certain amount of (surfactant sufficient) preterm infants are over-treated. Conversely, late rescue (FiO2≥0.6) with surfactant in an infant who is quickly deteriorating because of RDS may be disadvantageous and deleterious.[29], [30] Another explanation for the higher incidence of ENCPAP-failure in this study is the starting point of ENCPAP. Even if the lung is opened in the DR, with or without the help of mask and bag ventilation, a noncompliant surfactant-deficient lung has a tendency to collapse and lung volume is not maintained if CPAP/PEEP is not given directly to keep the lung open. In most infants in our study, ENCPAP was only started after transportation to the neonatal intensive care unit, which is adjacent to the delivery room, allowing the lung to collapse.
We are aware that the retrospective nature of this case-control study forms an important limitation. A selection-bias may have occurred in the DR when the decision was made to intubate or not and infants in the DRI-group may represent the sickest neonates with more severe RDS and higher risk for BPD. Although we found no significant differences in pulmonary clinical course parameters between the ECF and DRI groups, lack of significance can be explained by the small sample size of the study.
In summary, this study suggests that a trial of ENCPAP at birth is not detrimental and may be justified in case of RDS, providing early surfactant rescue is given if the infant needs to be intubated and ventilated. Based on this study, randomized controlled trials are warranted to test the hypothesis that early respiratory management of preterm neonates with RDS plays an important role in the development of BPD. Recently published or started randomized trials of ENCPAP are few.[31], [32] In 2005 we started a randomized controlled trial (EFURCI-trial, Early Functional Residual Capacity Intervention, ISRCTN 12757724) to investigate in preterm infants≤32 weeks whether sustained inflation with a mechanical device (Neopuff®) and ENCPAP will be a more effective management strategy in very preterm neonates than conventional intervention and will reduce the requirement for mechanical ventilation and surfactant treatment.
We thank R Wolterbeek, MD, Department of Medical Statistics of the LUMC, for statistical advice
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: At. Performed the experiments: At ME. Analyzed the data: At. Wrote the paper: EL At ME FW.
- 1. (2006) The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) consensus on science with treatment recommendations for pediatric and neonatal patients: neonatal resuscitation. Pediatrics 117: e978–e988.2006The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) consensus on science with treatment recommendations for pediatric and neonatal patients: neonatal resuscitation.Pediatrics117e978e988
- 2. Donn SM, Sinha SK (2003) Can mechanical ventilation strategies reduce chronic lung disease? Semin Neonatol 8: 441–448.SM DonnSK Sinha2003Can mechanical ventilation strategies reduce chronic lung disease?Semin Neonatol8441448
- 3. Van Marter LJ, Allred EN, Pagano M, Sanocka U, Parad R et al (2000) Do clinical markers of barotrauma and oxygen toxicity explain interhospital variation in rates of chronic lung disease? The Neonatology Committee for the Developmental Network. Pediatrics 105: 1194–1201.LJ Van MarterEN AllredM. PaganoU. Sanockaal Parad R et2000Do clinical markers of barotrauma and oxygen toxicity explain interhospital variation in rates of chronic lung disease? The Neonatology Committee for the Developmental Network.Pediatrics10511941201
- 4. Aly H, Milner JD, Patel K, El Mohandes AA (2004) Does the experience with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure improve over time in extremely low birth weight infants? Pediatrics 114: 697–702.H. AlyJD MilnerK. PatelAA El Mohandes2004Does the experience with the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure improve over time in extremely low birth weight infants?Pediatrics114697702
- 5. Avery ME, Tooley WH, Keller JB, Hurd SS, Bryan MH, et al. (1987) Is chronic lung disease in low birth weight infants preventable? A survey of eight centers. Pediatrics 79: 26–30.ME AveryWH TooleyJB KellerSS HurdMH Bryan1987Is chronic lung disease in low birth weight infants preventable? A survey of eight centers.Pediatrics792630
- 6. Lindner W, Vossbeck S, Hummler H, Pohlandt F (1999) Delivery room management of extremely low birth weight infants: spontaneous breathing or intubation? Pediatrics 103: 961–967.W. LindnerS. VossbeckH. HummlerF. Pohlandt1999Delivery room management of extremely low birth weight infants: spontaneous breathing or intubation?Pediatrics103961967
- 7. Jobe AH, Kramer BW, Moss TJ, Newnham JP, Ikegami M (2002) Decreased indicators of lung injury with continuous positive expiratory pressure in preterm lambs. Pediatr Res 52: 387–392.AH JobeBW KramerTJ MossJP NewnhamM. Ikegami2002Decreased indicators of lung injury with continuous positive expiratory pressure in preterm lambs.Pediatr Res52387392
- 8. Thomson MA, Yoder BA, Winter VT, Martin H, Catland D, et al. (2004) Treatment of immature baboons for 28 days with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169: 1054–1062.MA ThomsonBA YoderVT WinterH. MartinD. Catland2004Treatment of immature baboons for 28 days with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure.Am J Respir Crit Care Med16910541062
- 9. Bjorklund LJ, Ingimarsson J, Curstedt T, John J, Robertson B, et al. (1997) Manual ventilation with a few large breaths at birth compromises the therapeutic effect of subsequent surfactant replacement in immature lambs. Pediatr Res 42: 348–355.LJ BjorklundJ. IngimarssonT. CurstedtJ. JohnB. Robertson1997Manual ventilation with a few large breaths at birth compromises the therapeutic effect of subsequent surfactant replacement in immature lambs.Pediatr Res42348355
- 10. Bjorklund LJ, Ingimarsson J, Curstedt T, Larsson A, Robertson B, et al. (2001) Lung recruitment at birth does not improve lung function in immature lambs receiving surfactant. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 45: 986–993.LJ BjorklundJ. IngimarssonT. CurstedtA. LarssonB. Robertson2001Lung recruitment at birth does not improve lung function in immature lambs receiving surfactant.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand45986993
- 11. Ingimarsson J, Bjorklund LJ, Curstedt T, Gudmundsson S, Larsson A, et al. (2004) Incomplete protection by prophylactic surfactant against the adverse effects of large lung inflations at birth in immature lambs. Intensive Care Med 30: 1446–1453.J. IngimarssonLJ BjorklundT. CurstedtS. GudmundssonA. Larsson2004Incomplete protection by prophylactic surfactant against the adverse effects of large lung inflations at birth in immature lambs.Intensive Care Med3014461453
- 12. Ikegami M, Kallapur S, Michna J, Jobe AH (2000) Lung injury and surfactant metabolism after hyperventilation of premature lambs. Pediatr Res 47: 398–404.M. IkegamiS. KallapurJ. MichnaAH Jobe2000Lung injury and surfactant metabolism after hyperventilation of premature lambs.Pediatr Res47398404
- 13. Wada K, Jobe AH, Ikegami M (1997) Tidal volume effects on surfactant treatment responses with the initiation of ventilation in preterm lambs. J Appl Physiol 83: 1054–1061.K. WadaAH JobeM. Ikegami1997Tidal volume effects on surfactant treatment responses with the initiation of ventilation in preterm lambs.J Appl Physiol8310541061
- 14. Thomson MA (2002) Continuous positive airway pressure and surfactant; combined data from animal experiments and clinical trials. Biol Neonate 81: Suppl 116–19.MA Thomson2002Continuous positive airway pressure and surfactant; combined data from animal experiments and clinical trials.Biol Neonate81Suppl 11619
- 15. Ammari A, Suri M, Milisavljevic V, Sahni R, Bateman D, et al. (2005) Variables Associated with the Early Failure of Nasal CPAP in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. J Pediatr 147: 341–347.A. AmmariM. SuriV. MilisavljevicR. SahniD. Bateman2005Variables Associated with the Early Failure of Nasal CPAP in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.J Pediatr147341347
- 16. Aly H, Massaro AN, Patel K, El Mohandes AA (2005) Is it safer to intubate premature infants in the delivery room? Pediatrics 115: 1660–1665.H. AlyAN MassaroK. PatelAA El Mohandes2005Is it safer to intubate premature infants in the delivery room?Pediatrics11516601665
- 17. Soll RF, Morley CJ (2001) Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000510: RF SollCJ Morley2001Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.Cochrane Database Syst RevCD000510
- 18. Yost CC, Soll RF (2000) Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001456: CC YostRF Soll2000Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.Cochrane Database Syst RevCD001456
- 19. Jobe AH, Bancalari E (2001) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163: 1723–1729.AH JobeE. Bancalari2001Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Am J Respir Crit Care Med16317231729
- 20. Jobe AH (2005) Transition/adaptation in the delivery room and less RDS: "Don't just do something, stand there!". J Pediatr 147: 284–286.AH Jobe2005Transition/adaptation in the delivery room and less RDS: "Don't just do something, stand there!".J Pediatr147284286
- 21. te Pas AB, Walther FJ (2006) Ventilation of very preterm infants in the delivery room. Current Pediatric Reviews 2: 187–197.AB te PasFJ Walther2006Ventilation of very preterm infants in the delivery room.Current Pediatric Reviews2187197
- 22. Subramaniam P, Henderson-Smart DJ, Davis PG (2000) Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001243: P. SubramaniamDJ Henderson-SmartPG Davis2000Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants.Cochrane Database Syst RevCD001243
- 23. Hussey SG, Ryan CA, Murphy BP (2004) Comparison of three manual ventilation devices using an intubated mannequin. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 89: F490–F493.SG HusseyCA RyanBP Murphy2004Comparison of three manual ventilation devices using an intubated mannequin.Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed89F490F493
- 24. O'donnell CP, Davis PG, Lau R, Dargaville PA, Doyle LW et al (2005) Neonatal resuscitation 3: Manometer use in a model of face mask ventilation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. CP O'donnellPG DavisR. LauPA Dargavilleal Doyle LW et2005Neonatal resuscitation 3: Manometer use in a model of face mask ventilation.Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed
- 25. Heldt GP, McIlroy MB (1987) Dynamics of chest wall in preterm infants. J Appl Physiol 62: 170–174.GP HeldtMB McIlroy1987Dynamics of chest wall in preterm infants.J Appl Physiol62170174
- 26. Gerhardt T, Bancalari E (1980) Chestwall compliance in full-term and premature infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 69: 359–364.T. GerhardtE. Bancalari1980Chestwall compliance in full-term and premature infants.Acta Paediatr Scand69359364
- 27. Gittermann MK, Fusch C, Gittermann AR, Regazzoni BM, Moessinger AC (1997) Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces the need for intubation in very low birth weight infants. Eur J Pediatr 156: 384–388.MK GittermannC. FuschAR GittermannBM RegazzoniAC Moessinger1997Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces the need for intubation in very low birth weight infants.Eur J Pediatr156384388
- 28. Stevens TP, Blennow M, Soll RF (2002) Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for RDS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003063: TP StevensM. BlennowRF Soll2002Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for RDS.Cochrane Database Syst RevCD003063
- 29. Bevilacqua G, Halliday H, Parmigiani S, Robertson B (1993) Randomized multicentre trial of treatment with porcine natural surfactant for moderately severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. The Collaborative European Multicentre Study Group. J Perinat Med 21: 329–340.G. BevilacquaH. HallidayS. ParmigianiB. Robertson1993Randomized multicentre trial of treatment with porcine natural surfactant for moderately severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. The Collaborative European Multicentre Study Group.J Perinat Med21329340
- 30. Verder H, Albertsen P, Ebbesen F, Greisen G, Robertson B, et al. (1999) Nasal continuous positive airway pressure and early surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in newborns of less than 30 weeks' gestation. Pediatrics 103: E24.H. VerderP. AlbertsenF. EbbesenG. GreisenB. Robertson1999Nasal continuous positive airway pressure and early surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in newborns of less than 30 weeks' gestation.Pediatrics103E24
- 31. Finer NN, Carlo WA, Duara S, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, et al. (2004) Delivery room continuous positive airway pressure/positive end-expiratory pressure in extremely low birth weight infants: a feasibility trial. Pediatrics 114: 651–657.NN FinerWA CarloS. DuaraAA FanaroffEF Donovan2004Delivery room continuous positive airway pressure/positive end-expiratory pressure in extremely low birth weight infants: a feasibility trial.Pediatrics114651657
- 32. Morley CJ, Davis P, Doyle L (2001) Continuous positive airway pressure: randomized, controlled trial in Australia. Pediatrics 108: 1383.CJ MorleyP. DavisL. Doyle2001Continuous positive airway pressure: randomized, controlled trial in Australia.Pediatrics1081383


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|This one is my favourite today :)
1015. Aunty Carolin safely returned from her fun holiday cruise;
1016. Ashlea's awesome transplant team - you can read about them in today's paper here:
1017. The work of reformers like William Tyndale the man who first translated the bible into English. I don't usually watch Compass as I rarely agree with the views expressed on it but today they had a story on the life of William Tyndale and his revolutionary work putting the bible into the hands of ordinary people. Thank God for men like him.
Romans 11:36
For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things.
To Him be the glory forever.


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Welcome to Home Ownership!
Buying your first home can seem overwhelming and a little
intimidating. In order to help, the Peggy Hill Team have
compiled a list of suggestions for first time home buyers to take
a little bit of the confusion and mystery out of the home
buying process.
First Time Home Buyers
At the Peggy Hill Team our mission is to go above and beyond to deliver you the highest level of customer service and a stress-free first time home buying experience. We believe that your first time buying a home should be exciting, comfortable, informative and stress-free.
To help alleviate some of the stress and answer your many questions about getting into the housing market we've put together a summary of some of the most important things you need to know when buying your first home:
What You Need to Know About Buying Your First Home
1. Determine What You Can Afford
The first step in home ownership is twofold. You need to prepare yourself for the reality and financial responsibility that comes with home ownership and you need to make sure that you are in a position to handle those responsibilities and to get pre-approved for a mortgage.
Purchasing a home involves one-time costs and monthly expenses, so you'll need to determine just how much home you can afford and if you're financially ready for home ownership. You'll want to determine:
- Your monthly income.
- Your monthly debts and expenses.
- How much you have set aside for a down payment.
Have questions about what you can afford? To view our free Affordability Worksheet:Click Here!
2. Know Your Expenses
The purchase price of your new home is just one of the costs associated with home ownership. Experts recommend that you budget 1.5% of the purchase price of your home to cover these costs.
Pre-Closing Costs
- Home Inspection – A home inspector's job is to examine a home's condition. Typical issues involve normal wear and tear, but can sometimes include serious material defects. Getting a home inspection before purchasing a property is one of the best decisions you can make.
- Appraisal and/or Survey – In order to provide financing your lender will sometimes require an appraisal or survey of the property, to make sure that the value of the home matches its purchase price.
Closing Costs
- Land Transfer Tax – A provincial tax based on the purchase price of your new home.
- Mortgage Insurance – If your down payment is less than 20% of your purchase price, you'll have to pay mortgage default insurance. The cost of this insurance varies depending on the amount of your down payment and will be rolled into the cost of your monthly mortgage payment.
- Legal Fees – There are a number of legal fees involved in the purchase of a home, such as paying your attorney for the title search, deed preparation and registration.
- Title Insurance – Protects you from situations such as title fraud or flawed surveys.
- Home Insurance – Making sure that your home is insured is a condition of your mortgageYour lender will require you to have home insurance before they release your mortgage to you.
- Adjustments – Adjustments are made for things that the seller has paid for, but which you now owe part of because the home is now yours. This could include things like property taxes or rental fees for hot water heaters.
- Utility Hookups and Moving – You will be responsible for any utility transfers and costs associated with moving into your new home, such as hiring a moving company.
3. Get Pre-approved
After you've figured out what you can afford, it's a great idea to sit down with a mortgage agent or broker and get pre-approved for a mortgage. This will make your home search easier by narrowing your focus and will prevent you from falling in love with a home that is outside of your price range.
If you're not sure where to start visit our Business Partners page for a list of mortgage agents and brokers that our clients have enjoyed working with. If you're ready to get pre-approved, visit our Get Pre-Approved for a Mortgage page.
4. First Time Home Buyer Incentives
As a first time home buyer you are eligible for refunds, benefits and programs not available to other home buyers. For example both the First Time Home Buyers' Tax Credit and the Land Transfer Tax Refund for First Time Home Buyers are tax breaks that could end up saving you thousands of dollars!
First Time Home Buyers Tax Credit
Introduced in Canada's 2009 Economic Action Plan, this tax credit is to help first time home buyers pay for costs such as legal fees, disbursements, and land transfer taxes. It is a non-refundable tax credit based on an amount of $5,000. It is calculated by multiplying the lowest personal income tax rate for the year by $5,000. For an eligible individual, the credit will provide up to $750 in federal tax relief.
For information on the First-Time Home Buyers' Tax Credit (HBTC), click here.
Land Transfer Tax Refund
When purchasing their first home, buyers are eligible for a tax credit to offset or refund the amount of land transfer tax payable on the purchase of a new or resale home. Claims can be made at the time of registration to offset the cost or within 18 months of the purchase for a refund. Refunds can be any amount up to a maximum of $2,000 depending [as of January 1, 2017 the maximum refund amount will change to $4,000] on the purchase price of the home.
For more information on the Ontario Land Transfer Tax Refund for First Time Home Buyers, click here.
RRSP Home Buyer Plan
This program allows a first time home buyer to withdraw funds from most RRSP's in order to buy or build a qualifying home. You can withdraw up to $25,000 in a calendar year. You have 15 years to repay the full amount to your RRSP. If you do not repay the amount due for a year, it will be included in your income for that year.
For more information on the RRSP Home Buyers' Plan (HBP), click here.
5. Know What You Want & Get Organized
At this point you'll want to sit down and figure out exactly what type of home you're looking for. A simple way to do this is by making 2 different lists: a list of what you need from a home, and a list of things that you want from your home. The list of things that you need will include all of the features that are necessary for you and your family to function comfortably during your daily life. Things such as the number of bedrooms you need for the size of your family, or a one storey home if accessibility is a factor. The list of things that you need will include features that you would like to have but that aren't absolutely necessary, such as a pool or a den.
It's also a good idea to make sure you are organized for your home search by doing some research on what area you'd like to live in. Look at all of the aspects of the location you are considering and the surrounding area: is it attractive based on your proximity to work, schools and amenities such as grocery stores, parks, commuter routes, etc.? Keep a detailed map on hand and highlight your areas of interest. Knowing what you need and what you want from a home, as well as what area will suit your lifestyle best will make searching for your new home easier and less stressful.
6. Get a Professional on Your Side
The purchase of your first home is one of the biggest and most exciting investments that you will make. This purchase will affect your family, your finances, and your lifestyle. For a decision this important you want to make sure that you have an experienced professional on your side who can guide you through the process and protect your best interests along the way.
Best of all, as a home buyer the professional services of your Buyer's agent are completely free to you! As is the industry standard, your buyer's agents fees are paid by the home seller. A licenced agent will protect your interests by making sure that you are fully informed about your purchase and by handling the legalities and negotiations.
What the Peggy Hill Team Can Do For You
We understand the importance of purchasing your first home and we believe that every real estate purchase should be handled with the utmost responsibility and care. Buying your first home should be exciting, informative, comfortable and stress-free.
We Pledge To:
- Go Above & Beyond.
- Provide you with the highest level of customer service.
- Work as your partner in the purchase of your home. To consult with and educate you, so you can make informed decisions regarding the purchase of your new home.
- Provide you with stress-free real estate experiences.
To learn more about our philosophy visit our Mission, Vision and Values page.
We also offer a number of complimentary services, all geared towards making your first home purchase exciting, informative, comfortable and stress-free. Our team will provide you with:
- VIP Listing Access – Automatic notification of new homes on the market as soon as they become available, BEFORE they hit Realtor.ca or your local newspaper. Sign up for VIP Listing Access.
- A Dedicated Buyer specialist who is looking out for YOUR best interests.
- Information on market trends in the area.
- Information on government programs available for Buyers.
- Local school information.
- Factors affecting local neighbourhoods, such as zoning changes and new developments.
- Conditions and histories of properties.
- Comparative Market Analysis on homes you are interested in purchasing so you can determine what they're really worth!
- Assistance in viewing unlisted (for sale by owner) properties.
- A whole team of professionals working towards the stress-free purchase of your first home. Meet the Team to find out more about us.
It is our hope that you have gained some insight into the home buying process and that we've taken some of the mystery out of how to get started.
If you'd like more information on buying your first home, access to our detailed and comprehensive Home Buyers Guide, or to speak with somebody about buying your first home, sign up for a free, no obligation Buyer Consultation with one of our professional Buyer Specialists:
For immediate access to more information about the home buying process, take a look at our Home Buyer's Guide.


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I still don't know what's worse, the Capitals going up 3-2 in the series and losing in game 7 again? Or the Maple Leafs blowing a 4-1 lead with 4 minutes to go in the game and losing in overtime?
If I had to choose, Toronto wins the biggest choke job in history, yes even bigger than losing a 7 game series after being up 3-0. But I still think it's hilarious that my toilet started to choke when I tried flushing my Ovechkin's jersey down it last night.
Anyways, here are my semifinal predictions in the East.
OTTAWA SENATORS (7) vs PITTSBURGH PENGUINS (1)
If it weren't for Tomas Vokoun the Penguins would have been eliminated by the Islanders in the quarterfinals. As a matter of fact the Penguins will most likely continue to start Vokoun throughout this series. If that's the case then the Penguins now have a 50% chance at knocking off the Senators. They have about a 1% chance if Fleury starts.
But it won't be easy because unlike last round, the Penguins will have to face a legitimate goaltender, Craig Anderson.
Without him or any of the goaltending in Ottawa who knows where this team would be, 15th in the East possibly? I've always said that without excellent goaltending you have no shot at winning the Stanley Cup. Just look at the last two Conn Smythe winners (Tim Thomas and Jonathan Quick). They're both American born goaltenders and that is exactly what Ottawa has in Anderson.
It's simple for me, it will come down to which team has the better defense and goaltender and the Senators win that vote by a mile or two.
Ottawa Senators to advance in 6 games
NEW YORK RANGERS (6) vs BOSTON BRUINS (4)
This series shouldn't even be happening right now, well OK the Rangers won and deserved to advance. But the Maple Leafs must have had a ton of money on the Bruins to advance because I didn't see any positives from Boston the past 3 games. Meaning, Toronto allowed Boston to win and advance, that's all there is too it.
Boston looked fatigued going into game 5 and it lasted all the way to the final minutes of game 7. New York on the other hand looked locked and ready to fire at all cylinders in the quarterfinals. Then again, they were playing the CHOKING Ovechkin and company.
Goaltending will be stellar at both ends of the ice but Boston's defense may be a concern. They lost two key guys in game 7 vs Toronto and if they aren't back for this series that will be a HUGE problem for Boston.
Rangers' Rick Nash has yet to get going, only recording one assist in 7 games. Do they need him to get going? Yes, absolutely. The Bruins unlike the Capitals have fire power up and down their lineup and the only way New York will match that is if Nash starts scoring.
This series is a coin toss for me.
IF the Bruins are healthy on the back-end and they pick up where they left off in game 7, they will advance.
IF the Rangers can get Rick Nash going, yes it's that simple, they will advance.
Give me the Rangers to advance in 7 games.
Pucking Hockey is a registered trademark company. Pucking Hockey is a registered copyright company. All Rights Reserved.


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Technical question for you Photoshop heads
So, here's a question for you Photoshop gurus. How would you try to emulate this type of shading, where there's this grainy texture? It's often seen in vintage Art Deco illustrations.
My example is more modern, but it's the same idea.
As you can see, it's not a simple matter of the textured shading fading away, the grain gets more sparse.
Thoughts? By the way, I would very likely create my artwork in Illustrator, then bring it into Photoshop to try to fashion this type of shading.


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Online Class
Crochet: Basics & Beyond
with Kim Werker
This hat has beautiful texture!! It has 3 option ways for the brim, you can choose to do with brim or without or flip it up to give it a more girly touch!! I love the way the brim fits!! It is in my opinion the perfect crochet brim!! :) You may sell finished product but please give credit to me for the original design. You must use your own pictures. You DO NOT have permission to copy, resale, reproduce or trade in any way. Please visit me at www.facebook.com/hatchedwithlove Any questions please email me at email@example.com Thank you :) BASIC SKILLS NECESSARY basic crochet knowledge


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INTOSAI is the acronym for the International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions, which is a global association of 189 Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs). The objective of INTOSAI is to provide a platform for knowledge sharing and exchange of experience among the world's SAIs.
INTOSAI's activities are outlined in its Strategic Plan 2017-2022 and divided into four goals; Goal 1 Professional Standards, Goal 2 Capacity Development, Goal 3 Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Services and Goal 4 Maximize the Value of INTOSAI as an International Organization.
For further information, please contact Mette E. Matthiasen (+45 33 92 85 73).
Last updated on 23 February 2017
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Film of Alan Del Tufo. Introduced in movie theaters in 2013, with a production coming from USA. You can watch Eternal Damn Nation online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2013.
Rating: 5 by 19 users./
Runtime: 100 minutes
Jade Elysan, Alan Del Tufo, Carson Dougherty, Wyatt Kuether, John B. McCann, Megan Lavner, Betsy Sanders, Joe Carney, Destiny Monet Cruz, Seth Ruffer, Roy James Wilson, Josh Potter, Adam Vadasz, Ali Ryan, JessAnn Smith and Mick Gyure.
Terror, Thriller, Action.
100-minute film (full movie) directed by Alan Del Tufo.
The original audio of Eternal Damn Nation has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2013.
Screenplay written by Alan Del Tufo.
Patrick Dolan.
Stefanie Cupac, Brett Freitag, Rich McDonald, Alan Del Tufo, Richard Tomicic and Joe Carney.
This film was produced and / or financed by Draftstar Entertainment and Plymouth Filmworks.
Campaolo Films, Brain Damage Films and Maxim Media International.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Eternal Damn Nation has a duration of 100 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Eternal Damn Nation in FULLTV Movies.


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After the end of World War I, many memorials were erected across the country in memory of those who had lost their lives in the conflict. The names of those who fell in World War II and subsequent conflicts were often added to existing monuments. Alternatively, new memorials may have been created to honour these later casualties. These memorials were erected to honour those who had given their lives to secure peace and also to act as a reminder to subsequent generations that we should never forget their ultimate sacrifice.
Across the borough the memorials are a unique and a special part of the place and represent a community's method of remembrance, providing a strong link to the past. Memorials tend to have architectural or artistic interest and are significant landmarks.
The Imperial War Museum's War Memorials Archive is working to compile a record of all war memorials in the UK and to promote their appreciation, use and preservation.
Search for war memorials on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission website.
War dead at cemeteries around the borough of Rochdale
War memorials can include any monument created to those involved or affected by a conflict. The most prevalent and obvious form of memorial is the sculpture or cross, but they can take the form of plaques, furniture, rolls of honour, gardens, trees or buildings. In most cases the strong cultural significance of war memorials ensures their preservation. Across the country, services are held and wreaths are laid each year on Armistice Day in memory of those who gave their lives in the 2 World Wars and the many other conflicts in which our nation has been involved.
Below is a list of locations of war memorials within the borough:
If there are any memorials that aren't included or if the details are incorrect please email
Fill in the form below to arrange the engraving of a missing name of a soldier or service personnel to a war memorial who fell in World War I or II, and who were born or lived within the borough. You will need to provide a birth and death certificate or proof of death from the
War Commissions Grave Yard.
Add a name to a war memorial (opens in a new window)
You can request the missing name to appear on any of the following war memorials, but we have the final say as to which memorial it will be added in accordance with our policy.
Inspired by World War One
Local street artist Liam Dean was commissioned to create a billboard sized art work to reflect the thoughts and words of the community through the generations.
Harry Mills from the Lancashire Veteran's Association met with students from Matthew Moss High School and Holy Family RC & CE College in Rochdale Central Library to create poetry that Liam could create images to reflect.
To set the mood, poetry was shared with the students by Wilfred Owen - Dulce Et Decorum Est, Siegfried Sassoon The General and John McCrae - In Flanders Fields
Ray Stearn, Young Person's Library Worker with Rochdale Borough Libraries, created two poems from the words of the students for Liam to work with.
The final art work was then filmed as the painting took place to capture the moment while reflecting on the events of 100 years ago.
Live street art performed at Number One Riverside - watch video (4.54 mins)
Out of hours emergencies
Number One RiversideFloor 2Smith StreetRochdale OL16 1XU


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A new report by Insight Research claims that telecoms industry spending for operations support systems is expected to lag only slightly behind forecasted growth in service revenue over the next five years.
This indicates that the industry is expecting sustainable growth in the years ahead, according to Insight Research.
The report suggests that telecoms network operators worldwide will increase investment in operations support systems at a compound rate of eight percent over the next five years.
North American investment in the computing and software systems used to acquire, serve and bill customers will lag behind worldwide investment, growing at a compound rate of nearly six percent over the same period.
"The carrier community has recovered its confidence and is investing in operations support systems at nearly the same rate that consumers and businesses are picking up new wireline and wireless services," said Insight Research president Robert Rosenberg.
"Our research suggests terrific growth ahead for those operations support systems needed to support 3G wireless services.
"RF planning and engineering tools, and the professional services need to support them, carrier-to-carrier billing and service provisioning tools, as well as customer-accessible service management systems all appear to be growth areas in the months ahead."
Telecoms IT spending to soar
By Robert Jaques on Jan 10, 2008 7:31AM


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Tamera Mowry, 33, is expecting her first child with husband Adam Housely, 40!
The actress tells PEOPLE, "Adam and I are excited about having a baby and the blessing that he or she will bring to our lives and to our family and friends. We can't wait to meet this little miracle!"
The news comes only 11 months after their wedding last May. Initially, the newly weds had planned to hold off on having kids but changed their minds after a trip to South Africa.
"It's just so beautiful there and you get a whole new perspective on life, the things that really matter," Mowry-Housley explains to PEOPLE. "Adam and I looked at each other and said, 'Why wait?'"
On how she's been coping Tamera says, "The first trimester was a little rough. I was extremely fatigued and had morning sickness — more like evening sickness. Luckily, it has subsided in my second trimester. I feel great as of now — more like myself."
As for the reaction of twin sister, Tia — who welcomed son Cree just 10 months ago — well, it didn't come much as a surprise. Perhaps her twin intuition was in full swing.
"Her first reaction [when I called to tell her] was, 'I KNEW it!'" the reality star — who will appear alongside her sister on the second season of Tia & Tamera, premiering June 11 on the Style Network – shares. "Tia is beyond thrilled. Cree now has a play date in the future!"
The expectant mom and Housley, a National and International correspondent for FOX News, will welcome their first child in early November.


text: I need to flash back to stock (no root) on my wife's phone. She just got it yesterday but we noticed an issue with the keyboard so it needs to go back. I'm aware of the steps for getting back to stock (flashing the 2.0.1 sbf in RSD Lite). But once that happens, her phone will be prompted to update to 2.1 from an OTA update, right? This is what I'm wondering about. I don't want to take the phone to Verizon with it still running 2.0.1 and have some questions to answer. So, if I flash back to 2.0.1 will I be prompted to update to 2.1? If so, how soon after going back to 2.0.1 will this prompt happen? Again, sorry for the noob-ness of this question. Thanks in advance for your answers.


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Address854 Edgefield Rd.
North Augusta, SC 29841
View Reviews
Office HoursMonday - Friday: 9:00 am to 5:30 pm
Saturday: 9:00 am to 3:00 pm
Access Hours6:00 am to 10:00 pm Everyday
- Temperature Controlled
- Secure Units
- Drive-Up Access
- Truck Rentals
- Online Bill Pay
- Moving & Packing Supplies
How much storage do you need?
- Climate Control
- Ground Floor
- Indoors
- Climate Controlled
- Self Storage
- Ground Floor
- Self Storage
- Ground Floor
- Self Storage
- Ground Floor
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Very helpful office staff, very clean facility. Most impessive.-Lawren 04/2017 Provided by SpareFoot
Staff is friendly. Price is too high. Unit is super clean and love that there are no bugs or mice! Overall terrific. I would highly recommend Summit to anyone looking for a storage unit!-Peggy S 02/2017 Provided by SpareFoot
Very friendly and always answer the phone.-Nathan C 08/2016 Provided by Google
The staff is wonderful to do business with. They are very professional, and express a genuine concern for the customer.-JERRY 05/2015
I have been very satisfied with my dealings with Summit Self Storage, they are very friendly and have good prices.-Bryan Y 11/2014 Provided by Google
I have had nothing but the best of service from Jessica and Angel. They keep me informed of things I need to know, keep the facilities spotless, and are always there to help me when I have a question or problem. I ENJOY stopping by when I need to deal with them.-Da M 01/2014 Provided by Google


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Quick Details
- Power Source: Electrical
- Type: Air Ionizer
- Installation: Portable
- Certification: CE, RoHS, Fcc, Patent
- Capacity (CFM): 100
- Power (W): 0.8
- Voltage (V): 12
- Place of Origin: Guangdong, China (Mainland)
- Brand Name: Ionkini
- Model Number: JO-6276
- Product Name: Premium Golden Car Air Purifier JO-6276
- Input: 12V/DC car cigarette lighter
- Power: 0.8W
- Negative ions: 4,000,000 pcs/cm3
- Ozone: <0.06 ppm
- Colors: Gold, Silver
- Packing: Plastic packing/ Metal Box/ Gift box
- Application: Car, home, office
- Certifications: CE, Fcc, RoHS, Patent
- OEM Service: Available
Packaging & Delivery
|Packaging Details
|promotional item
Product packing: plastic packing,white box and metal box;
1.meatl box dimension: 125 X90X33 (mm);
2.Outside carton size: 520X540X220(mm)
3.Quantity: 100pcs/ctn;
4.G.W.: 13kg/ctn;
5.Machine weight: 30 g
|Delivery Time
|7~15 days depend on quantity and color orderd
New Product for 2015 Golden Version
Car Air Purifier Ionizer JO-6276
|Functions & Features
Car Air Purifier Ionizer JO-6276 is the 7th generation patented product of Ionkini Technology which utilizes anion technology to achieve air purification. By releasing tremendous amount of negative ions, JO-6276 can
If you are looking for Car Air Purifier Ionizer, JO-6276 would be your best choice.
|Technical Data
|Product Views
For Standard Version (Red/Blue/Black Color), refer to → Model JO-6271
|Why You Need It?
|How to Use?
Car Air Purifier Ionizer JO-6276 can be used in car by plugging it into car cigarette lighter or used at home and office with the AC adaptor.
- The LED indication light is on when JO-6276 is working.
To switch it off: Unplug the device from the cigarette lighter or the adapter.
|Smoke Removing Test
By producing high density negative ions, Car Air Purifier Ionizer JO-6276 can effectively dispel smoke, PM2.5 and other air pollutants. In this experiment, the thick smoke was removed in just a few seconds. You can also watch the test video on Youtube by visiting this URL:
With an order, you could get a free test kit to do this experiment by yourself to test the effect of JO-6276.
|Working Principle
Car Air Purifier Ionizer JO-6276 uses an electrical charge to produce stream of negative ions which then remove microscopic particles from the air, improving the air quality in your car.
- An ion is simply a particle that is charged, either negatively or positively.
- The ionizer creates negative ions which seek out positively charged particles, such as dust, dander, bacteria, pollen, mould, smoke, chemical vapours, and other allergens.
- Once the positive and negative ions are bonded together, they become too heavy to float, and no longer affect the air quality of the surroundings.
|Certificates & Test Reports
CE, FCC, RoHS.
Test Report of formaldehyde, benzene and Escherichia coli removal
|Standard Packaging
Plastic packing, Metal box packing, Gift box packing and Plastic packing with home adaptor(AU/EU) is available.
|OEM Service
We provide OEM Service. If you would like to customize the unit color or print your logo on the products or packing box, please kindly let us know, we will do that for you as requested.
|Aftersales Service
The quality of our products are reliable and they are enduring and seldom broken. (Otherwise, our produts wouldn't be able to enter Wal-Mart, LOTUS, AUCHAN ect supermarket)
|More Options
|Why Choose Us?
|Frequently Asked Questions
|1. How is the service life and warranty of your product?
3-5 years life time and 1 year warranty provided.
2. How does your ionic product work? What is the principle?
Our Products generate negative ions. Different from traditional product using air filters, ionic are purifiers are free of consumable materials. Please click here to see how negative ion works
3. After placing an order, when will my goods be deliveried?
It depends on the order amount.
4. How to pay?
We accept payments by Paypal, Alipay, Escrow, Western Union, TT, L/C(only for large order) and etc.
Still have some problems?
Please don't hesitate to contact us. Your inquiry will get our full attention and you will received the best service from Ionkini.
We are your best choice!
Please kindly contact us and leave your contact ways, we will give you the best service and most competitive factory price .


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Yesterday, the lovely and talented Portia De Rossi turned 40, and Ellen DeGeneres used the opening monologue on her daytime talk show to celebrate her wife with a hilarious and ultimately touching tribute.
Featuring guest appearances from out actor Sean Hayes — who played Ellen while DeGeneres was donning a long blonde wig and portraying De Rossi — the funny lady recreated De Rossi's birth, career, and even the couple's 2008 wedding, complete with musical accompaniment from Josh Radin. When DeGeneres invited her wife on stage, De Rossi was in happy tears.
Watch the adorable segment below.


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KAMLOOPS - A man wanted on child pornography charges may be lurking around Kamloops.
Joseph Samuel Sackaney, 49, is wanted by Prince George RCMP after failing to show up for court. He's wanted on possession of child pornography, possession of child pornography for the purpose of distribution and accessing child pornography.
Police believe Sackaney, formerly from Ontario, may be in the Kamloops area.
Sackaney is a First Nations man, 5'8" tall, 249 pounds with black hair and brown eyes.
Anyone with information can contact Kamloops RCMP at 240-828-3000, Prince George RCMP at 250-561-3300 or remain anonymous by contacting Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-8477.


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Disclaimer: I do not own BTVS, KTE, or any recognizable characters from either show. If I did, I wouldn't be working for the public schools system. Any characters you may not readily recognize are mine to use and abuse. I promise to return the character of Xander and other characters from the shows once I am done, though they might be a bit scuffed when I do.
Warning: potty language
Rupert Giles sat there in the back store room, surrounded on all sides by piles of books, some written before the Magna Carta had been conceived. They were all thick and leather bound. The pages were yellowed with age and written in several different languages, including a few that weren't human.
He had spent, of and on, the twenty-four plus hours looking up something that Xander had said when they literally ran into each other at the city morgue after Xander had been forced to stake his own father.
His shirt was un-tucked and wrinkled. Several ceramic mugs devoid of tea or coffee formed a wall between him and the world, testifying that he hadn't gotten much sleep and was running on caffeine at this point. He knew that he should just let it go, but what Xander had dropped in his lap was too intriguing for him to ignore.
The boy had referred to the vampires as Primordials. That alone had triggered a distant memory in him. He knew that he had heard of that particular title before.
Finally, after looking through several books, he found an entry in a book, written entirely in Latin, with the title of A Concise History of Non-humans and the Forces of Darkness, by Orris Roemello.
In the book he found a listing of terms for vampires. While most of the list was nothing new, the word Primordial was listed and next to it was a brief description of where the word came from.
According to A Concise History of Non-Humans and the Forces of Darkness, the term Primordial is used by Kindred when referring to a vampire demon, thus demarcating the difference between them and lesser beings. These discoveries lead to another extensive search for the term Kindred.
Finally, a couple of hours later, he came across a description of what the Kindred were and several of the clans that made up the society known as Kindred.
Giles just about dropped the book. The beings described were vampires. There were some notable differences between the Kindred and the monsters that Sunnydale was all too familiar with.
The Kindred formed a society among humans, moving among them but always remaining distant and hidden. They were divided into clans, and areas were controlled by an individual known as the Prince. Despite their more tribal tendencies, they lived by rules that were designed to protect them and hide them from humanity. Also, while they did drink blood, as noted in the book, they retained their human soul, unlike the demon-vampires, also known as Primordials among the Kindred.
There was a bit more about the Kindred and the clans that made up this hidden world. While it was informative, Rupert knew that he needed more information about this secret society and Xander's place in it. He did not doubt for a minute that Xander was somehow mixed up with these soul-possessing vampires, but he couldn't see the boy actually joining up with them. It seemed out of character for him to have done so. He couldn't conceive of any reason that would make Xander want to join up with these creatures, soul or no soul.
He saw for himself that Xander had changed in the past year. The youth was powerful, possessor of some kind of magic. Giles had literally felt waves of power, wild and natural, coming off Xander. It was raw, but potent and purer, as if he was tapping into a power source that hadn't been corrupted by evil. He wondered where the boy had come into that kind of talent, for he was fairly certain that Xander did not have any sort of magical ability when he had left. He told himself that if he had seen any evidence that Xander had the potential to work magic, he would have trained the boy himself.
Maybe it was always there, but the energies of the Hellmouth had blocked this natural ability, he told himself. I wouldn't have let the boy go at it alone.
Who am I kidding? I didn't even bother to look. I was always wrapped up with the Slayer and all of her issues and later trying to teach Willow how to control her magic. I ignored Xander, dismissing him and his contributions to the group, Giles thought regretfully, self-flagellating himself for being somewhat narrow minded in his views towards Xander Harris.
Giles wanted more information about these people and what Xander was really up in San Francisco. He felt that he owed Xander and had to make sure he was happy and safe. The boy had been like a son to him at time, granted an annoying and irritating son at times, but he too quickly dismissed him once Xander had left the town and the Slayer behind. Giles wanted to make sure Xander knew what he was getting into, whatever that may be.
Sighing, he extracted himself from his fortress of solitude and went into the small office that was off to the side. At the desk, he flipped through his rolodex, looking for the phone number of a friend that lived in the city.
Finding it, he rapidly dialed the number and waited impatiently for John at Crystal Way to pick up the phone. He wanted answers to his questions.
A/N: Well, what do you think? Crap or not? Be a pal and hit the shiny review button and let me know. I offer cookies and milk for doing so. Don't think of it as a bribe, but as a generous offer that you can't refuse (to butcher/paraphrase the Godfather).
Does Giles know? Will he find out about Xander's place within Kindred society? I am hoping that this will be fully answered in NLTZ 3, which I am planning to start posting the week after next (I'll be on vacation in the meantime). Thanks for sticking with me and reading this smaller ficlet of mine. I had to write and post this to kill the plot bunny that was annoying the crap out of me.
Also, before I forget, there is no Orris Roemello and accompanying book. Also, there is a store in San Francisco called the Crystal Way, but "John" is just a product of my weird imagination. Finally, if you don't know what the Magna Carta is, you should be ashamed.
In the meantime, take care and have a wonderful and blessed day.


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Police Officer
Western Shoshone DPS - Elko, Nevada
- Application Deadline:
Salary Information
- Entry Level Salary:
- $19.00 hourly
Job Description
The Western Shoshone Public Safety Board is recruiting for Police Officers, for the Law Enforcement Department, located in Elko, Nevada. We have positions open in our Elko office and in our Battle Mountain office. Requires knowledge of Law Enforcement. Must be 21 to apply. Must have (or will acquire within one year) police certification with Nevada State P.O.S.T.
Additional Information
A patrolman assigned to the Operations Division shall be responsible for the efficient performance of all duties in conformance with the rules, regulations, policies, procedures and orders contained in all manuals issued by the Department.
His/her mission shall consist of but is not necessarily limited to, the following general police responsibilities:
- Identify criminal offenders and criminal activity and where appropriate, apprehend offenders and participate in subsequent court proceedings.
- Reduce the opportunities for the commission of crime through preventive and directed patrols and crime prevention measures.
- Aid individuals who are in danger of physical harm.
- Protect constitutional guarantees.
- Facilitate the movement of people and activities.
- Assist those who cannot care for themselves.
- Resolve conflict.
- Identify problems that are potentially serious law enforcement or governmental problems.
- Create and maintain a feeling of security in the community.
- Promote and preserve civil order.
- Provide other services on an emergency basis.
- He/she shall be assigned to perform specific duties and responsibilities as required by the Chief of Police or his/her designee.
- Enforcement of all Tribal, State and Federal criminal and traffic laws (such as United States Codes or 25 CFR as applicable, including all tribal ordinances); enforcement of applicable game and fish laws and ordinances.
Follow link for job application:http://www.westernshoshonedps.org/job-announcements.html
To avoid delays, application can be mailed to:
Chief L. Robb
1509 Shoshone Circle
Elko, NV 89801
Job Requirements
- Age: 21 years of age
- Education: High School Graduate or Equivalent
- Experience: None
Knowledge of Federal and State statutes, codes and ordinances to be enforced.
- U. S. Citizen
- Never convicted of a felony
- High School graduate or equivalent
- Possession of/or ability to obtain and maintain a Nevada Drivers License
- Knowledge of equipment used in law enforcement, including weapons, and on board vehicle terminals.
- Ability to understand and interpret complex statutes, ordinances, regulations and standards.
- Ability to analyze problems quickly and take appropriate and effective action.
- Ability to handle sensitive and hostile public contacts.
- Ability to establish and maintain effective working relationships with other employees, Community Officials and the general public.
- Ability to perform all physical requirements of the position; agree to maintain a Drug-free workplace.
Contact Informaton
Larry Robb


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Booking San Francisco Giants Player Appearances
Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants are a team in the National League West division based in San Francisco, California and playing home games at AT&T Ball Park. The team as established back in 1883, and were the New York Gothams for their first three seasons, becoming the New York Giants in 1885 and remaining there for the next 63 years before relocating to "The City by the Bay" in 1958. In New York, the team won five World Championships, and since arriving to San Francisco they've won four pennants, and one World Series that came less than two years ago following the 2010 season.
In the 1950s, some of the most notable players include Willie Mays who famously made "The Catch" in the 1954 World Series, and among the long list of other players is first baseman Willie McCovey and the Scottish outfielder, Bobby Thompson. The Giants brought the World Series to San Francisco in 1962, led by Mays and McCovey as well as first baseman Orlando Cepeda and pitcher Juan Marichal. It was 27 years before the Giants reached the Big Show again. The 1989 team included players like first baseman Will Clark, outfielder Candy Maldonado and third baseman Matt Williams. They ultimately lost the series to the Oakland A's. In 2002, they won their next National League pennant managed by Dusty Baker with starring players like the National League MVP Barry Bonds, third baseman David Bell and catcher Benito Santiago. 2010 was finally the Giants year, and they soared to the World Series and won after over a half century drought with a well-balanced team that included many exceptional players like pitchers Tim Lincecum and Brian Wilson, catcher Buster Posey, first baseman Aubrey Huff and infielder Juan Uribe. Today, the team continues to be managed by Bruce Bochy, with many of the same World Champion players remaining from the 2010 team. Pitcher Matt Cain recently pitched the first perfect game in the 129 year history of the franchise.
AthletePromotions.com is the site for booking San Francisco Giants player appearances for corporations of all types, in addition to finding San Francisco Giants player agents and aiding in obtaining San Francisco Giants player publicists. If you're seeking to secure popular San Francisco Giants players from the past or present, we are the solution for scheduling speaking engagements and guest appearances as well as VIP Meet & Greets, autograph signings and a wide variety of business promotions.Go to AthletePromotions.com for booking the best San Francisco Giants players throughout history as well as today, including Tim Lincecum, Buster Posey and Brian Wilson, Will Clark, Candy Maldonado, Matt Williams, Barry Bonds and many others who are available for charity events such as celebrity golf tournaments, product endorsement deals, corporate hospitality events, guest speaking appearances and most any type of corporate function.
>>> Submit Your Request to Book a San Francisco Giants Player Appearance or Speaking Engagement


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The Satellite presents
Imperial Teen (Merge Records), Frightwig, Churches (from San Francisco)
The Satellite
1717 Silverlake Blvd
Los Angeles, CA, 90027
Doors 8:30 PM / Show 9:00 PM (event ends at 2:00 AM)
This event is 21 and over
Imperial Teen was formed in San Francisco in 1995 by Roddy Bottum, Lynn Perko, Jone Stebbins and Will Schwartz. A pop aesthetic of crunchy guitar riffs and classic boy/girl harmonies quickly developed, finding all four members switching off on instruments and taking turns behind the mike. The band had barely been playing together for six months when they landed their first record deal (London / Universal) and found themselves in the studio. The result was the amazingly fresh and joyous Seasick, which tickled the fancy of many a critic and music fan alike, with its infectious pop grooves standing out in a musical climate dripping with grunge. After several unforeseen roadblocks (label inertia, recording delays) Imperial Teen went on to release What Is Not To Love in 1999, and managed to garner even more praise and adoration worldwide. They even scored an MTV-style breakthrough with their single Yoo-Hoo which landed on the Jawbreaker soundtrack, with an accompanying video featuring Rose McGowan.
After parting ways with Universal during the now infamous major label purge of a few years back, Imperial Teen miraculously found their way over to Merge and we couldn't be happier!
With the world teetering towards further chaos, it is the perfect time for the original muse of riot grrl to return in all their loud, proud, pioneering-punk rock glory.
Frightwig! The band that influenced and opened international doors for everyone from Courtney Love to Bikini Kill, are back!
Frightwig! The band who have played with the crème de la crème of alternative bands from the Butthole Surfers to The Jesus and Mary Chain to Redd Kross to Sonic Youth, are back!
Frightwig! The band who made men strip and dance onstage during live performances are back!
Frightwig! The band who told you it was a "Crazy World" we live in, who screamed of the "Big Bang", who made clear they knew that "A Man's Gotta Do What A Man's Gotta Do" and who roared at you that "My Crotch Does Not Say 'Go'" are back!
There two official 'out of hibernation' shows this May in California, the first at
Café Du Nord in San Francisco on Saturday May 4th with the second in Los Angeles at The Satellite alongside Imperial Teen.
There will be a new EP titled 'Hit Return' which will contain four previously recorded favorites plus one new tune, "Crawford's Song".
And Frightwig will be entering the studio later this summer to record a brand new album, set to be their 5th full-length release and following Cat Farm Faboo, Faster Frightwig, Kill! Kill!, Phonesexy and the compilation Wild Women Never Die.
Frightwig's line-up consists of Deanna Mitchell on bass & vocals, Mia d'Bruzzi on guitar & vocals, Rebecca Sevrin on guitar & vocals, Cecilia Kuhn on drums, vocals & accordion plus the addition of keyboardist (and producer) Eric Drew Feldman, who's work with Captain Beefheart, PJ Harvey, The Pixies and Frank Black, makes him a boy worth letting in!
You wanna know more? Keep a beady, trained eye on
www.frightwig.org and www.facebook.com/pages/Frightwig
And believe us…you will wanna know more!
Until then…know that Frightwig didn't come out of hibernation to be quiet!
C H U R C H E S plays loud, melodic power-pop, rooted in teen angst nostalgia and heavily reflecting its influences – Nirvana, Dinosaur Jr., the Pixies. Churches is salvation through distortion for the disaffected small-town weirdo in everyone – a sonic cathedral of symbols and guitars for the modern outcast. Churches features Pat from Rogue Wave and Caleb from Grand Lake.
Who's Going
Upcoming Events
The Satellite
Fri, November 17
Candi Pop Dance Party featuring Lights & Music DJs spinning bubblegum pop hits
Sat, November 18
Dance Yourself Clean (every Saturday)
Sun, November 19
Power Violence with Casey Jane Ellison, Sarah Sherman, Rory Scovel, Chris Thayer
Mon, November 20
Keli Price, Paradise Vultures, Ever So Android, PHEVR
Tue, November 21
Francine Thirteen, Glitter Trails, Plasmic


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Fed by a trickle of hidden springs through lush hammocks of cabbage palms, Spring Hammock Preserve in Winter Springs is one of the most delightful places to take a hike in the Orlando area. In this 1,500 acre preserve, the trails are easy to explore. You have options ranging from paved to splashy muddy adventuresome, and the park has some of the biggest cypresses you'll ever see.
The preserve includes the Seminole County Environmental Studies Center, extensive interpretive trails, a shimmering spring, and a floodplain forest where you'll always see birds busy looking for their meals. Bisected by the paved Cross Seminole Trail, it's well worth a visit any time of year, whether you arrive by bicycle, car, or on foot from neighboring communities. It's also home of the famed "Mud Walk," cherished by generations of schoolkids.
Location: Winter Springs
Length: 2.6 miles (more possible!)
Lat-Long: 28.721406,-81.307319
Type: loops
Fees / Permits: None
Difficulty: easy to moderate
Bug factor: moderate to extreme
Restroom: At the Environmental Education Center, when open
Open sunrise to sunset. The park gates close at dusk. The Environmental Studies Center is closed on weekends. Restrooms are also available across the street at the ballfields of Soldier Creek Park.
Learn more from the Friends of the Seminole County Environmental Studies Center and Seminole County Natural Lands
From Interstate 4 exit 98, Lake Mary / Heathrow, drive east on Lake Mary Blvd for 1.6 miles to Longwood-Lake Mary Road. Turn right and continue 2.5 miles to where it ends at Ronald Reagan Blvd. Turn left, and make the first right onto General Hutchinson Parkway. The entrance to Big Tree Park is on your right – a stop there is a must to see The Senator and Lady Liberty. Continue down General Hutchinson Parkway through the preserve to the traffic light at US 17-92. Turn left. After 0.8 mile, make a right at the light onto SR 419. Drive 0.6 miles to the preserve entrance, on the left across from the ballfields at Osprey Trail. Enter the gates and park on the right.
Start your hike by wandering in from the parking lot to the Seminole County Environmental Studies Center. On weekends, it's closed, but on weekdays, it's a treasure trove of interpretive information and a place to pick up a trail map. Yes, you can get lost on these twisting, winding trails, but there are a handful of landmarks that let you orient yourself. The Center is the first one, close to the entrance and SR 419. The Cross-Seminole Trail is another, as it bisects the preserve and then parallels the entrance road. Soldier's Creek sets another boundary – only the paved Cross Seminole Trail crosses it, there are no other bridges – and Lake Jesup forms the final border to this portion of the preserve. Stay on marked trails and you'll be fine.
Start your hike at the Raccoon Pavilion just outside the Environmental Studies Center. Walk straight ahead past the Pine Woods Trail entrance. At the "Florida Trail" sign, turn left past a picnic pavilion, down a path less traveled at a three-way fork. Trails branch off everywhere, which is why this preserve is both fun and a bit tricky to navigate. At the "Primary Trail," continue down it as it narrows through a stretch of ferns. As you reach the banks of Soldier Creek, a shallow, sand-bottomed stream, turn left to follow the creek downstream. A bench overlooks the creek in the shade of an enormous slash pine.
The trail swings out to a picturesque spot on the creek where water pours through a rotted log, creating a small rapid. Past a trail junction, the footpath slips between two massive slash pines and winds its way through a wild orange grove. You can hear water rushing as you emerge at the paved Cross-Seminole Trail. Cross over it and head downhill, continuing along the route paralleling Soldier Creek. At the "Limpkin Trail" sign, keep to the right. The trail becomes a boardwalk beneath maples and sweetgum. Another boardwalk leads off to the left at an observation deck. Continue straight, rounding the base of an enormous cypress. Cypress knees rise up to three feet from the forest floor. This is a floodplain area, and can be under water after heavy rains. Beyond a bench, the trail becomes a boardwalk again and crosses a series of bog bridges. Look around and up and you'll see more massive cypresses, including a huge one next to the next bench.
As you emerge into an open area after a mile, a canal meets Soldier's Creek, which flows off to the right towards Lake Jesup. Look straight ahead and off to the right a little to see one of the largest cypresses in Florida. The tree's crown rises well over the surrounding forest canopy, and a large cavity is noticeable near the top of the tree. Turn left.
** January 2014 note: Sadly, this boardwalk entrance is boarded up and other boardwalks in the preserve are being allowed to deteriorate. If anyone is aware of a group working to restore the boardwalks back to their original condition, let us know. **
Turn right to cross the boardwalk over the canal. This boardwalk, an out-and-back trip that you should not miss, zigzags through a forest of awe-inspiring cypresses, enormous just not at their bases but well up in the canopy as well. Osprey may be seen perching in the high branches. The boardwalk once ended with a sweeping view of Lake Jesup, but it stops short of the view now due to reconstruction needed at the very end.. Turn around and retrace your steps. Back at the canal, turn right.
** boardwalk currently closed**
More massive cypresses surround you in the floodplain, where there is a bench at 1.4 miles. The trail is like a broad dirt road. A hint of sulfur rises into the air near a teal pool, a natural spring bubbling up to feed the forest. Steps lead down to its edge, where a sign calls it "Question Pond." If you are especially fortunate, as we were one winter's day, the spring will be clear and beautiful. Most of the time it is milky.
Continue along the main trail, where the scent of orange blossoms persists. Take the next boardwalk to the left to enter the presence of greatness. Lean back and stare up, tracing the trunk of this cypress towards the sky. It has such a massive cavity near the top a whole family of bears could den in it, if they could climb that high. Benches provide a place to hang out and watch the birds. A sign, "old bald cypress tree," estimates the age of the tree to be between 2,000 and 2,500 years old.
Returning to the main route, turn left. A boardwalk off to the right leads into the Hydric Hammock Loop, which leads you along an accessible boardwalk into the dense forest of tall cabbage palms. Flagged cross trails with mushy footprints vanishing down mucky corridors are part of the Mud Walk. Oranges dangle from the surrounding citrus trees and roll down the boardwalk past a bench. Stumps of cabbage palms make natural planters for a profusion of sword ferns. At the exit to the loop, at 1.9 miles, you encounter the staging area for the Mud Walk, where the kids get oriented beforehand and hosed off afterwards. An interpretive marker explains the canal and how it changed the hydrology of the swamp.
Follow the boardwalk. Slipping between two tributaries, the walkway ends up at a fork. Go straight ahead, following a part of the Mud Walk. Continue straight. A sign behind you says "Wet Trail." A giant of a loblolly pine tree, a good six feet in circumference at its base, makes you stop and take pause. As the trail reaches a boardwalk bridge, cross over to the old forest road along the canal.
Continue straight ahead on a forest road perpendicular to the canal. It's an old tramway used by cypress loggers, and it returns you to the Limpkin Trail junction at 2.2 miles. Turn right and climb up to the Cross Seminole Trail. Walk a little ways on the pavement to your right, but leave it again when you see the "Florida Trail" sign to your left. Heading back into the woods, you see a marker for a tulip popular on the left. It's a common tree in the Appalachians, but not so common in Florida. This is one of the southernmost spots where tulip poplars grow in the wild.
The elevation increases a little and the trail transitions into a patch of oak scrub. A maze of short trails winds through this pine forest as you draw close to the Environmental Studies Center. You can exit the trail system by following the Cinnamon Fern Trail to the right, the Rusty Lyonia Trail to the left, and walking beneath the picnic pavilion. Take the first left after that, which meanders past picnic tables before reaching a boardwalk. Returning to the Raccoon Pavilion near the Environmental Studies Center, you've walked 2.6 miles.