text:
The hypothesis that fatigue during prolonged exercise arises from insufficient intramuscular glycogen, which limits tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) activity due to reduced TCA cycle intermediates (TCAI), was tested in this experiment. Seven endurance-trained men cycled at ∼70% of peak O2uptake (V˙o 2 peak) until exhaustion with low (LG) or high (HG) preexercise intramuscular glycogen content. Muscle glycogen content was lower (P < 0.05) at fatigue than at rest in both trials. However, the increase in the sum of four measured TCAI (>70% of the total TCAI pool) from rest to 15 min of exercise was not different between trials, and TCAI content was similar after 103 ± 15 min of exercise (2.62 ± 0.31 and 2.59 ± 0.28 mmol/kg dry wt for LG and HG, respectively), which was the point of volitional fatigue during LG. Subjects cycled for an additional 52 ± 9 min during HG, and although glycogen was markedly reduced (P < 0.05) during this period, no further change in the TCAI pool was observed, thus demonstrating a clear dissociation between exercise duration and the size of the TCAI pool. Neither the total adenine nucleotide pool (TAN = ATP + ADP + AMP) nor IMP was altered compared with rest in either trial, whereas creatine phosphate levels were not different when values measured at fatigue were compared with those measured after 15 min of exercise. These data demonstrate that altered glycogen availability neither compromises TCAI pool expansion nor affects the TAN pool or creatine phosphate or IMP content during prolonged exercise to fatigue. Therefore, our data do not support the concept that a decrease in muscle TCAI during prolonged exercise in humans compromises aerobic energy provision or is the cause of fatigue.
- citric acid cycle
- metabolic stress
- hypoxanthine
although it is well established that fatigue during prolonged exercise coincides with low intramuscular glycogen stores (for review, see Ref.21), the functional significance of this association remains unclear. A number of studies (20, 22, 23, 27) have suggested that a net increase in the total concentration of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (TCAI) is necessary to establish and maintain a high rate of flux throughout the TCA cycle. "Expansion" of the TCAI pool is dependent on various anaplerotic pathways, which feed carbon into the TCA cycle and utilize pyruvate for a substrate (11). It has been proposed that, during prolonged exercise, when the content of muscle glycogen decreases, there is a gradual decline in muscle TCAI, which compromises TCA cycle flux and ATP regeneration through oxidative phosphorylation (20,22, 23). The subsequent decrease in ATP provision from carbohydrate oxidation may lead to a transient increase in ADP content, stimulating the myokinase reaction and resulting in a decrease in the total adenine nucleotide (TAN) pool (TAN = ATP + ADP + AMP) and the formation of IMP (22, 25). However, the literature pertaining to the relation between glycogen availability, TCAI, and TAN pool size as a cause of fatigue is inconclusive. Some (1, 4, 17, 18, 20), but not all (1, 9, 16), studies have demonstrated that low intramuscular glycogen stores correlate with a reduction in TCAI, a decrease in the TAN pool, and/or an increase in IMP content at fatigue during prolonged exercise. In addition, the relation between glycogen availability, TCAI pool size, and oxidative energy provision is unclear. Studies have demonstrated that expansion of the TCAI pool at the beginning of exercise is subsequently reduced at fatigue, when low intramuscular glycogen stores, a decrease in the TAN pool, and an increase in IMP accumulation have also been observed (20, 22, 23). Although these studies support a relation between glycogen availability, TCAI pool size, and oxidative energy provision, more recent studies challenge this relation. Sahlin et al. (19) observed a similar increase in TCAI pool size in glycogen phosphorylase-deficient patients exercising at the same absolute exercise intensity as healthy control subjects. In addition, Bruce et al. (5) demonstrated that increasing the TCAI pool expansion at the onset of exercise did not result in an increase in energy provision from oxidative sources, whereas Gibala et al. (11) recently observed that a lower preexercise glycogen content actually enhanced, rather than impaired, the TCAI pool expansion at the onset of exercise.
Clearly, the findings from the literature examining the relation between glycogen availability, TCAI content, IMP accumulation, and fatigue remain equivocal. Surprisingly, no previous studies have determined whether glycogen content per se affects TCAI or the TAN pool size and/or IMP accumulation during fatiguing exercise, and this was the aim of the present study. By altering preexercise glycogen content via dietary intervention, we hypothesized that glycogen availability would not affect TCAI or the TAN pool during prolonged, fatiguing exercise.
Seven endurance-trained men [28 ± 2 yr, 76.4 ± 4.0 kg body wt, 182 ± 3 cm, 64 ± 2 ml · kg−1 · min−1peak O2 uptake (V˙o 2 peak)] volunteered to participate in the study after being fully informed of the experimental procedures and giving informed consent. The Human Research Ethics Committees at the University of Melbourne and Deakin University approved the experiment.
Preexperimental protocol.
On the basis of our previous study (2), we chose to determine a workload relative to the onset of blood lactate accumulation [i.e., lactate threshold (LT)], rather thanV˙o 2 peak. Hence,V˙o 2 peak and LT were initially determined as previously described (2), and a work rate corresponding to 95% LT (equivalent to ∼70%V˙o 2 peak) was calculated from this test. For manipulation of preexercise muscle glycogen content in the vastus lateralis, subjects reported to the laboratory on the morning before the experimental trials and cycled (Lode, Groningen, The Netherlands) for 100 min at a power output corresponding to ∼75%V˙o 2 peak. This regimen was followed by short (30- to 60-s) supramaximal (∼110%V˙o 2 peak) exercise bouts, with 2 min of recovery between bouts. The sprint bouts varied in duration for each subject and continued until the subjects were unable to commence the next bout. The sprint bouts were timed and repeated before the second trial. On the first occasion, subjects were provided a low-carbohydrate (9,500 kJ, 6.5% carbohydrate; LG) diet, which they consumed for the remainder of the day. On the second occasion, subjects consumed a high-carbohydrate (9,500 kJ, 84% carbohydrate; HG) diet after the pretrial exercise protocol.
Experimental protocol.
Each subject performed two submaximal exercise tests on the cycle ergometer separated by 14 days. After a 2-min warm-up at 100 W, subjects cycled to volitional exhaustion (defined as failure to maintain cycling cadence above 40 rpm) at the predetermined workload (240 ± 15 W) in a glycogen-depleted (LG) or glycogen-loaded (HG) state. The trials were ordered such that all subjects performed the LG trial first. This was necessary so that a muscle sample could be obtained during the HG trial at the same time the fatigue sample was obtained in the LG trial. Subjects consumed 250 ml of distilled water every 20 min throughout exercise. The laboratory was maintained at 20–22°C, and an electric fan was used to limit exercise-induced thermal stress. Before the trials, the subjects arrived at the laboratory after an overnight fast, having refrained from exercise, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine for 24 h. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and expired pulmonary gases were recorded or collected at rest, 5 min, and 20 min and at 20-min intervals thereafter until fatigue, as previously described (1, 8).
Tissue sampling and analysis.
Muscle samples were obtained as previously described (1). In LG and HG, samples were collected at rest, at 15 min of exercise, and at the time of fatigue in LG (F1). An additional sample was collected at fatigue in HG (F2). Subjects ceased cycling for ∼40 s while the muscle biopsies were taken. The samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen 26 ± 3 s after the cessation of exercise, and the time taken to freeze the samples was not different (P> 0.50) between sampling points. Muscle samples were freeze-dried, dissected free of any blood and connective tissue, powdered, and analyzed for glycogen, creatine phosphate (CP), creatine (Cr), lactate, ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, and hypoxanthine, as outlined by Baldwin et al. (1). A further portion of freeze-dried muscle (∼6–12 mg) was extracted and analyzed for citrate, isocitrate, fumarate, malate, alanine, glutamate, and pyruvate using methods that we previously described (11). Because citrate, isocitrate, fumarate, and malate [sum of 4 TCAI (Σ4 TCAI)] account for >70% of the total pool size in humans (10, 11, 20), the majority of the TCAI pool has been accounted for in this study. To correct for differences in blood and/or connective tissue between samples, muscle metabolites other than lactate, pyruvate, and hypoxanthine (because of their extracellular appearance) were adjusted to the peak total creatine (Cr + CP) content for each subject. Blood samples were collected at rest, 5 min, and 20 min and every 20 min until fatigue and analyzed for plasma hypoxanthine, glucose, and lactate, as previously described (1).
Student's paired t-test was used to compare LG and HG time to exhaustion and all the fatigue data points: F1 (LG) vs. F2 (HG). A one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA; Biomedical Data Processing (BMDP) statistical software] was used to compare the time between cessation of exercise and freezing of muscle samples at each sampling time. A one-way ANOVA was also used to compare a particular metabolite at all the time points within a trial. Muscle and plasma metabolite concentrations and cardiorespiratory data were compared using a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (BMDP). Simple main effects analyses and Newman-Keuls post hoc tests were used to locate specific differences. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Values are means ± SE. To maintain a sample size of seven, appropriate analyses include data points from the start of exercise until the last common time point for all subjects and then at fatigue.
Cardiorespiratory and performance data.
Time to exhaustion was 34% longer (P < 0.001) in HG than in LG. Heart rate was not different between the trials; respiratory exchange ratio was higher (P < 0.05) throughout exercise in HG than in LG, and rating of perceived exertion was lower (P < 0.05) at 40, 60, and 80 min in HG than in LG (Table 1). O2 uptake averaged 44.3 ± 1.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1, which was equivalent to 70% of maximum O2 uptake. No differences were observed when trials were compared (Table 1).
Muscle glycogen.
Resting muscle glycogen content was nearly twofold greater (P < 0.005) in HG than in LG. Glycogen content decreased (P < 0.05) throughout exercise in both trials, and it was lower (P < 0.05) at fatigue than at rest in HG and LG. Furthermore, glycogen content was higher (P < 0.01) at F1 and F2 in HG that at F1 in LG. Although there was a tendency for glycogen to decline when F1 was compared with F2 in HG, these results were not statistically significant (Fig. 1 A).
Muscle adenine nucleotides, IMP, and hypoxanthine.
Although IMP tended to increase from rest to 15 min in LG, these results were not statistically significant. Moreover, IMP was not elevated in either trial at fatigue or at any time during exercise (Fig. 1 B), nor were there differences in IMP content at F1 in HG compared with LG. IMP accumulation was not greater at any time in LG. Although there were no differences in the TAN pool between trials, muscle ADP was higher (P < 0.01) in LG at fatigue (Table 2). Although the ATP content was lower (P < 0.05) than at rest at F1 in HG, it returned to resting levels at F2 (Table 2). There were no differences in muscle hypoxanthine, a degradation product of IMP, at any time between HG and LG, and there was no change in hypoxanthine content as a result of exercise (Table 2). To examine the relation between IMP and glycogen content, a correlation analysis was performed on the corresponding values for IMP and glycogen in HG and LG. No relation was observed for HG (r = 0.10, P > 0.05) or LG (r = 0.26, P > 0.05; Fig.2).
TCAI, pyruvate, and muscle amino acids.
ΣTCAI (>70% of the total TCAI pool) was elevated (P< 0.05) at 15 min in both trials and at fatigue in HG (Fig.1 C). There were no differences in ΣTCAI between LG and HG at any time. The TCAI pool size was very similar at F1 and F2 in both trials. There was a time (P < 0.05) and treatment (P < 0.05) effect for pyruvate, but there was no interaction between these factors (Table 2). Pyruvate was greater (P < 0.05) in HG than in LG (Table 2). Pyruvate was higher (P < 0.05) than at rest and fatigue (F2) at 15 min in HG (Table 2). No differences in muscle pyruvate content were observed during the LG trial. Alanine increased (P < 0.05) with exercise in LG (Table 2), but there were no differences between trials. Glutamate was higher (P < 0.05) at rest in LG than in HG, and it decreased (P < 0.05) with exercise in both trials (Table 2).
Lactate, CP, and Cr.
Although there was a small exercise-induced increase (P< 0.05) in muscle lactate content in LG, there were no differences between trials. Similarly, there was an exercise-induced increase in Cr (P < 0.05) and a mirror-image decrease (P < 0.05) in CP in LG. Furthermore, Cr was lower (P < 0.05) and CP content was higher (P < 0.05) in HG than in LG at fatigue (Table 2).
Plasma metabolites.
The resting concentrations of all the measured plasma metabolites were not different between HG and LG. There was a small exercise-induced increase (P < 0.05) in plasma hypoxanthine (Fig.3 A) and lactate (Fig.3 B) concentrations in both trials. Although plasma hypoxanthine was greater (P < 0.05) in LG at 20 and 60 min, it was not different at fatigue compared with HG (Fig.3 A). Plasma lactate concentration was higher (P≤ 0.05) in HG at 20 min and fatigue (Fig. 3 B). There was a significant exercise-induced reduction (P < 0.05) in plasma glucose concentration for both trials, and the glucose concentration at fatigue was lower (P < 0.05) than at rest in HG and LG (Fig. 3 C). Although there was a steady decline from 20 min in plasma glucose in the LG trial (P < 0.05), glucose concentration did not fall in the HG trial until after 60 min of exercise (Fig. 3 C). Additionally, plasma glucose was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in HG at 20, 40, and 60 min and at fatigue (Fig. 3 C).
This is the first study to examine the effect of reduced muscle glycogen content on TCAI pool size and muscle energy metabolism in humans during prolonged exercise to fatigue. The main findings of this study were that the magnitude of TCAI expansion was the same in LG and HG and that IMP did not significantly accumulate in either trial: <0.15 mmol/kg dry wt at fatigue in both trials. Furthermore, the TCAI pool size was very similar at fatigue in the LG trial, as well as at F1 and F2 in the HG trial, yet subjects cycled for much longer in the latter trial. These findings demonstrate that altered glycogen availability does not impair the net increase in TCAI at the start of exercise, nor does it lead to a decrease in the TCAI or TAN pool or an increase in IMP during prolonged exercise to fatigue. In addition, the results demonstrate dissociation between the contents of TCAI and IMP and the point of volitional fatigue. Therefore, our results do not support the hypothesis that links glycogen availability with fatigue via impaired aerobic energy provision (20, 22, 23, 27).
Gibala et al. (11) recently observed a larger increase in TCAI content but a lower pyruvate dehydrogenase activity after 10 min of exercise when comparing a glycogen-depleted with a control trial. These previous data demonstrate an uncoupling between glycogen content, aerobic energy contribution, and net increase in TCAI. Although in the present study we did not observe a greater expansion of TCAI in LG, there was no difference in TCAI content between LG and HG. Hence, our data also refute the hypothesis that reducing the supply of substrate prevents a net increase in TCAI at the onset of exercise (21). The initial rapid expansion of the TCAI pool is generally attributed to an increased flux through the alanine aminotransferase (AAT) reaction (10, 20). Because the muscle glutamate content decreased and alanine increased at the beginning of exercise (Table 2), the AAT reaction was probably active at the start of exercise in the present study. This finding is consistent with the findings of others (10, 11, 20) who concluded that resting muscle glutamate (provided flux of pyruvate is sufficient) might determine the net increase in TCAI. Although resting muscle glutamate was higher in LG than in HG in the present study, there was no difference in TCAI content between trials. This contrasts with recent findings (11) that the increased resting glutamate in LG acted via the AAT reaction to increase TCAI more in LG. This discrepancy might be explained in a number of ways: 1) the initial muscle sample in the present study was obtained at 15 min, compared with 10 min in the previous study, and it is, therefore, possible that a small amount of TCAI "drainage" confounded the comparison; 2) in the previous study, the pretrial exercise and dietary regimen was 48 h, rather than 24 h, before the experiment; and 3) the results could be due to differences in subject training status.
One previous study attempted to test the hypothesis that glycogen availability causes fatigue during prolonged exercise by decreasing the initial TCAI pool expansion, thereby inhibiting aerobic energy provision and resulting in a decrease in the TAN pool and an increase in IMP. Spencer et al. (23) observed an increase in IMP at fatigue after exercise in a glycogen-depleted state and a greater increase in TCAI during exercise in a glycogen-loaded state. This study provided credibility to and wide acceptance for the theory that fatigue is generally considered to arise from insufficient glycogen mediated through a limiting supply of substrate to the TCA cycle or limitations in TCA cycle activity due to reduced TCAI. However, it is difficult to interpret these previous results because of several methodological concerns. In this previous study, muscle was sampled in the glycogen-loaded trial only at the time corresponding to fatigue in the glycogen-depleted trial; therefore, fatigue was reached in only one trial. In addition, in this trial, muscle samples were only obtained before and at the cessation of exercise. Therefore, it could not be determined whether the differences in TCAI pool size or IMP accumulation were related to compromised glycogen stores and/or fatigue. Indeed, the differences between trials may have persisted if muscle was sampled at fatigue in the high-glycogen trial. Likewise, it is also possible that the differences in TCAI pool size and IMP accumulation occurred earlier during exercise, because the largest expansion in TCAI pool size occurs at the onset of exercise (10-12, 20), whereas IMP can significantly accumulate after 30 min in skeletal muscle during cycling exercise (13,16). Indeed, in this previous study (23), the increase in IMP was likely to have been affected by a glycogen-independent component, because at the termination of exercise in the high-glycogen trial the IMP content of the skeletal muscle increased almost ninefold compared with rest in the presence of an intramuscular glycogen content of >350 mmol/kg dry wt. The present study is, therefore, the first to adequately test the hypothesis that glycogen availability is associated with fatigue during prolonged exercise by decreasing the initial TCAI pool expansion, thereby inhibiting aerobic energy provision and resulting in a decrease in the TAN pool and an increase in IMP. Our results refute this hypothesis. Even when preexercise carbohydrate availability was reduced and the muscle glycogen content was attenuated during exercise, neither the TAN pool nor the IMP content was significantly affected at any time. Even though there was a small increase in plasma hypoxanthine in both trials, accumulation of this IMP degradation product was minor (∼2 μM) and occurred, in essence, at the onset of exercise, demonstrating that this accumulation was not related to glycogen availability or fatigue. It is plausible to suggest that we saw no increase in IMP because glycogen content at fatigue was not <100 mmol/kg dry wt, and IMP does not appear to be increased until glycogen is lowered to these values (21, 22). However, if this were the case, we should have observed at least a tendency for IMP to accumulate at fatigue in LG when glycogen was lowered to ∼150 mmol/kg. However, no such tendency was observed (Fig. 1). In addition, we observed no correlation between glycogen content and IMP accumulation, and IMP did not accumulate, even in subjects whose glycogen content at fatigue was <100 mmol/kg dry wt (Fig. 2). Finally, in our previous study (9), where subjects exercised at a workload similar to that employed in the present study, IMP levels at fatigue were not significantly elevated compared with rest in the presence of glycogen levels of <30 mmol/kg dry wt. Taken together, these observations make the possibility that we saw no increase in IMP because the glycogen content at fatigue was not depleted most unlikely.
The glycogen content at fatigue was consistent with some (6, 14,15) but in contrast with other (1, 9, 18, 22) previous studies. In the previous studies in which glycogen content at fatigue was comparable to that in the present study, altering carbohydrate availability by dietary interventions also altered exercise duration. Nonetheless, these discrepancies raise the following question: What absolute value constitutes "glycogen depletion" at fatigue? It is likely that factors such as the fiber type phenotype, exercise intensity, and fiber type recruitment play a role in determining the mixed muscle glycogen content at fatigue. In the present study, we were careful to choose a workload that involved a large portion of the energy being derived from oxidation of carbohydrate, as evidenced by the respiratory exchange ratio values (Table 1), without increasing metabolic factors such as cellular acidosis or ADP accumulation, which may have impaired excitation-contraction coupling independent of glycogen (Table 2). Because the subjects cycled for an additional 52 min after manipulation of the preexercise glycogen content, we are confident that fatigue was related, at least in part, to carbohydrate availability. It is possible, however, that fatigue was associated with hypoglycemia and not intramuscular glycogen content, because glucose values declined to low levels in both trials (Fig. 3), values consistent with previous observations (6). We were unable to determine the precise cause(s) of fatigue during prolonged exercise, but this was not the aim of the study.
In the present study, we did not measure skeletal muscle aerobic energy provision. However, given that CP did not decline when content at 15 min was compared with that at fatigue and that neither intramuscular lactate nor the TAN pool was different from rest at the point of fatigue in either trial, we have no evidence to suggest that aerobic energy provision was compromised in the presence of reduced glycogen availability at the point of fatigue in either trial. The moderate fall in CP and lack of increase in lactate are in contrast with some (21, 22), but not all (1, 9), previous studies. It was no surprise that lactate did not significantly accumulate, given the relative workload and the training status of the subjects. We expected the CP values to decline to a greater magnitude, and the fact that they remained relatively high may be a function of the delay between the cessation of exercise and the freezing of the muscle samples. Nonetheless, there were no differences in biopsy freeze time when any sampling points were compared. Therefore, although the absolute CP values may be higher than at the time at which exercise ceased at each point, we are confident that CP does not decline at the moment of fatigue, an observation consistent with studies that have compared CP values at fatigue with those obtained throughout exercise (9, 16).
In the present study, although there was a tendency for attenuation of TCAI pool expansion after prolonged exercise in both trials, the reduction was small and insignificant (Fig. 1 C). These data are in contrast to previous studies, in which a small reduction in TCAI pool size was observed at fatigue (12, 20). Irrespective of whether the pool size is slightly attenuated at fatigue, the important finding from this study was that TCAI pool size was identical between HG and LG at F1 in the presence of a difference in glycogen of ∼200 mmol/kg dry wt when both trials were compared (Fig. 1). Moreover, in HG, subjects were able to continue to exercise for an additional 52 min without a further change in TCAI pool size, but with a trend toward a further decline in glycogen content. Hence, our data demonstrate dissociation between glycogen content and TCAI pool size.
The lack of 1:1 stoichiometry between the fall in ATP and the increase in IMP was notable because ATP was significantly lower at F1 in HG (Table 2) in the presence of an unaltered IMP content at this time (Fig. 1). Although it is generally accepted that the relation between the decrease in ATP and the increase in IMP is stoichiometric (25), we (7) and others (3, 24) previously observed that ATP degradation exceeded IMP formation. The reason for this relatively consistent observation is unclear, but the existence of an acid-insoluble purine derivative that is an oligomer of ATP and phosphoglycerate has been suggested (26). Because acid extraction is used for the adenine nucleotides, this oligomer may have been left in the acid-insoluble portion. This scenario is, however, speculative, because the presence of this oligomer in human skeletal muscle has never been experimentally confirmed.
In summary, our findings demonstrate that altering glycogen availability before the onset of exercise does not impair a net increase in TCAI (TCAI pool expansion), even at fatigue, or lead to a decrease in the TAN pool or an increase in IMP during prolonged exercise to fatigue, despite the fact that such a manipulation has a major effect on exercise duration. In addition, the results demonstrate dissociation between the contents of TCAI and IMP and the point of volitional fatigue. Therefore, although glycogen availability influences exercise duration, our results refute the hypothesis that links attenuated glycogen availability with fatigue via impaired aerobic energy provision, impaired adenine nucleotide metabolism, or TCAI pool size.
We thank the subjects for their extraordinary efforts in participating in this study.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. A. Febbraio, Skeletal Muscle Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia (E-mail:mark.febbraio{at}rmit.edu.au).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
First published November 27, 2002;10.1152/japplphysiol.00866.2002
- Copyright © 2003 the American Physiological Society


text:
William from Huntsville, Alabama writes,
How much Adonis 2F do I need to treat 10K sq feet of trees?
Adonis 2F is applied according to how many inches each tree is in diameter at breast height. You will need to use .2-.4 fl oz per inch of trunk diameter depending on what pest you are treating for and weather or not you have an active infestation. You can review the Adonis 2F product label for exact usage rates.
Answer last updated on: 04/04/2012
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first OregonLive.com user to add photos or videos of Oren Painting, LLC
The worse! they came to my building and every time they do retouches. they left a mess! I was lucky to be around most of the time to tell them. But the last time they did, I wasn't around. They ruined my outside furniture and my brand new…
did a great job. Left a couple of loose doornobs, and found a few paint spots on the floor. Overall, however, very professional, and cleaned up daily after they were done. Ron even fixed things that didn't have to do with the painting, and kept in touch with me daily about the job. He even gave my son and I basketball tickets, and brought homemade soup to him when he was home from school. One of the nicest, most professional people I have ever used. He also talked me out of painting areas that really didn't need it. Would use this company again in a heartbeat.
Oren Painting has been serving the Portland/Vancouver area since 1992. Our services include all aspects of exterior and interior painting and repairs when needed. We guarantee customer satisfaction and include a 2 year warranty on all our work. Contact us for any painting job -- interior, exterior, apartment buildings and more.
Oren Painting, LLC provides Painting services in Milwaukie. Call them at 503-890-0900 for more details.


text:
Like a song stuck in my head, I've had these colors in my head over the past few weeks. They take many forms: Tiffany blue, seafoam green, bright teal. Just a little collection of items that are in my favorite colors (of the moment). You may be seeing some of this color in my shop soon.
Tape strip: Pugly Pixel


text: An Alberta arbitration board allowed the union's policy grievance and struck down the employer's random drug and alcohol testing policy in Unifor, Local 707A v Suncor Energy Inc, 2014 CanLII 23034. The policy was part of an array of measures adopted by Suncor to ensure the safety of its workforce in an admittedly hazardous workplace. A majority of the board held that Suncor had failed to show an existing problem at the worksite and in the bargaining unit that would justify the intrusive nature of the random testing. The policy was held to be unreasonable, despite considerable evidence of drug problems, including fatalities, in the area. The majority took issue with the inadequacy of drug testing by urinalysis in demonstrating impairment as opposed to recent use noted the absence of a proven connection between positive test results and the safety record at the worksite. A strong dissent outlines a number of perceived deficiencies in the majority reasons, including its refusal to consider evidence related to the 'Non-Represented Employees', i.e. employees outside of the bargaining unit represented by the union.


text:
SD Maid – System Cleaning Tool v4.5.8 [Mod Lite]
Requirements: 4.1+
Overview: This is a powerful tool! Use at own risk!
Nobody is perfect and Android neither.
Apps you have already deleted, sometimes leave data behind.
The system constantly creates logs, crash reports and debug files you don't really need.
Your SD-card is collecting files and directories you don't recognize.
Lets not go on here…
Why not get a maid to clean it all up?
SD Maid will help you keep your device neat, clean and tidy :-)!
Give it a try, you won't find a more thorough cleaning tool!
Choose a tab, press start and then either click a single item to delete or press the clean all button. It's just that easy.
There are various features available:
* Explorer is a full fledged filemanager, use it to crawl through your Androids files.
* You can use the Searcher if you know what file you are looking for.
* The CorpseFinder searches your device for orphaned items and compares those to the list of installed applications.
* AppControl lets you freeze, reset and remove applications (even system apps).
* The SystemCleaner scans your device and filters directories which contain unnecessary files. You an even create your own filters!
* You can optimize and shrink bloated databases to speed up access and free space.
* View your biggest files and find out what is hogging all the space.
* Find files that have been modified in the last X minutes.
And more…
A few additional features as well as comfort and convenience functions can be unlocked by buying and installing the unlocker (SD Maid Pro).
SD Maid is constantly being developed and designed very carefully.
Due to the vast amount of Android devices SD Maid might not work perfectly on your device, in that case I would appreciate it if you give me a chance to fix it by contacting me.
If you have questions or concerns send me a mail ([email protected]). I usually respond quite quickly and will happily help you out.
Obtaining SD Maid from unofficial sources puts your device at risk.
A big thanks goes out to all the beta testers @ http://sdmaid.darken.eu/beta who helped me improve SD Maid v3.
I would also like to thank all the volunteers @ http://sdmaid.darken.eu/translation that made SD Maid accessible to non english speaking users by translating it.
An unfinished help document is avaiable here:
SD Maid [v4.5.8] 08.01.2017
Improved: Clutter database.
Improved: Updated android support libraries.
Improved: Import screen should now only show files with supported extensions.
Improved: Show error instead of crash when trying to import invalid files into exceptions.
Fixed: Update check delaying initialization when blocking internet access via firewall.
Improved: Files created by "Save directory structure" now contain ROM infos (#675).
Fixed: Copy/Move snackbar not consistently showing.
Improved: Receiver (boot) details. Previous colors were not very readable. Made some layout changes.
Changed: "TWRP" and "clockworkmod" have been flagged as common and will no longer be suggested as corpses (#673).
Fixed: /data/system/dropbox filter (Ty Roman).
Improved: Hidden cache filter (additional image and video cache matching).
Added: "Read only" to read-only storages.
Streamlined language files.
X86 / ARM / MIPS separate version.
Remove the sidebar settings interface to share the extra options.
More Info:
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text:
Nope. I don't trust them.
Nope. I don't trust them.
I thought it would be kind of cool to just sit in the back and relax until I heard of one crashing into a bus ! I think we're still a few years away from those being totally safe !
Google self-driving car crashes into a bus (update: Statement)
When I go to the beach I am the one........
Making whale jokes about myself! LOL!
Covered from head to toe in sun screen cuz I am complaining I will get a sun burn.
Sun screening the kids and the neighbors kids and the neighbors neighbors kids.
Complaining that I have sand in my butt!
Complaining the water is too … Read more
All of the above, really. One time I was searching for sea glass which was pretty cool :)
I don't make myself tan on purpose, but it happens anyway. Last time I was on the beach my friends and I were playing frisbee which was pretty fun :)


text:
I have a for loop prefaced by an if condition like this:
{% for item in site.posts %}
{% if item.special %}
"{{ item.content }}"{% unless forloop.last %},{% endunless %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
The output format needs to be JSON, so the end result should have an object with comma-separated strings, like this:
"first item",
"second item",
"third item"
However, the forloop seems to calculate based the length of all potential items in site.posts, not just those items that meet my if condition. When I preface it with the if condition, fewer items get iterated through. As a result, the forloop.last doesn't accurately omit the comma before the last item in the loop. How do I overcome this so that my JSON is valid and doesn't end up invalid like this?
"first item",
"second item",
"third item",
could you do an assign instead, and then loop thru that?
`{% assign special_items = site.posts | where: "special","true" %}
no idea if that is possible, just an idea.
What if you did something like this with push to add the content of any items that match special to a new (or existing array). Then you can output that variable and filter it with jsonify.
// initializes an empty array to push to
{% assign my_array = "" | split: ", " %}
{% for item in site.posts %}
{% if item.special %}
{% assign my_array = my_array | push: item.content %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{{ my_array | jsonify }}
@rdyar That approach would normally work, but my actual scenario is a little more complex and I couldn't quite wrangle the logic to work there. But thanks for responding.
@mmistakes Wow, this code actually works! Thank you. I realize I didn't include a lot of details here, but you nailed it with what I needed.
In case anyone is interested, here's the full code of the feed I was working on. The recommendations element has the code that mmistakes suggested:
layout: null
{% for ep in site.posts %}
"id": "{{ep.guid}}",
"title": "{{ep.title}}",
"description": "{{ep.summary}}",
"duration": "{{ep.podcast_duration}}",
"thumbURL": "{{site.url}}/{{ep.mp4_thumbnail | escape}}",
"imgURL": "{{site.url}}/{{ep.mp4_thumbnail | escape}}",
"videoURL": "{{ep.mp4_url}}",
"categories": [
"channel_id": "{{ep.categories}}",
{% assign my_array = "" | split: ", " %}
{% for tag in ep.tags %}
{% for mypost in site.tags[tag] %}
{% if mypost.url != ep.url %}
{% assign my_array = my_array | push: {{mypost.guid}} %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
{{my_array | jsonify}}
} {% unless forloop.last %},{% endunless %}
{% endfor %},
"globalRecommendations": [
{% assign globalRecs = site.posts | where: "global_recommendation", true %}
{% for ep in globalRecs %}
"{{ ep.guid }}"{% unless forloop.last %},{% endunless %}
{% endfor %}
This feed is used in a Fire TV app. I am generating recommended videos based on tags. Each post has a tag. The recommendations should include other videos that also have this tag, but not the video itself (which has the tag). You can see the result here: http://podcast.writethedocs.org/fab.json.
For example, in that feed link, the first title, WTD Episode 4, has the tag "docs-as-code". The recommendations property includes other titles (the guid's of those titles) that also have this same docs-as-code tag:
"recommendations": [
But as desired, WTD Episode 4 is not included in those recommendations.
(I imagine a similar technique could be used for related posts on a blog, though I'm guessing the build time would be considerable with a large number of items.)
Thanks again.
For people wanting to exclude the final comma from an array in your template, you could first build an array and then use array_to_sentence_string to modify the final connecting term. Like:
{{my_array | array_to_sentence_string: '' }}
By default, array_to_sentence_string uses and as the last connecting term (like: one, two and three) but as of Jekyll 3.4 it can accept a parameter for the final connecting term.
For example:
{{ page.tags | array_to_sentence_string: 'or' }}
Will output:
one, two, or three
@desiredpersona wrote about this on our blog here:


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University To Hold Academic Conference On Kraftwerk
The German band Kraftwerk have set the benchmark for producing electronic music for years, inspiring the likes of Daft Punk and many others. Their esteemed reputation and contributions to the genre can explain why Aston University in Birmingham, England is organizing an academic conference on the group's legacy. The two-day conference, titled "Industrielle Volksmusik for the Twenty-First Century: Kraftwerk and the Birth of Electronic Music in Germany", will host a number of talks and discussions for academia and Kraftwerk fans alike. Appearances include former Kraftwerk member Wolfgang Flür and music writer David Stubbs. The conference will be held on January 21-22, with tickets priced at only £20 and £10 for students from other universities.
Watch Kraftwerk live at the Sony theatre below:
[H/T: Fact Mag]
Cover photo credit: Kraftwerk
Follow Kraftwerk:


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United Way of the Mid-South staff members Janet Haas (Community Impact) and Shirley Walczak (Major Gifts & Planned Giving) were saluted for their lives of service to the United Way movement at a national staff leaders conference.
Brian Gallagher, President and CEO of United Way Worldwide, presented Haas and Walczak with service awards earlier this morning.
Thirty years of service in the nonprofit sector itself is rare, and it is even more exceptional for workers to spend that length of time in our United Way system. We salute Haas and Walczak for their tremendous service to our community!


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Tying up your tresses constantly is not a good idea, especially if your prone to hair fall and if you have weak roots. Experts state that leaving your hair loose is ideally the best as it can make you look chic and happening. Leaving your hair open can also hide thin hair and cover up those bald spots too.
So, ladies are you game to look at some of the perfect hairstyles to try of you hate tying up your locks! 7 HOT HAIRSTYLES FOR DIRTY HAIR
These seven hairstyles on the list are quite simple and you don't require too much of time either. It is the perfect hairstyle even for the lazy girl who hates to run a comb through.
These hairstyles which allow you to leave your hair open does not require hair spray neither does it require you to use a styling comb.All you need to do is get your hair washed and dry, and run your fingers through. In some of these hairstyles, you will need a clip or two. So, here are some of the perfect hairstyles if you hate tying your hair into a bun or a pony:
Tousled Hair
This is the best hairstyle to try out when you are super late. This hairstyle works best on wet hair. When your hair is wet simply scrunch it with your hand and ring them a little to give you this tousled look.
Loose Braids
For the girl who loves to leave her hair open should try this creative braid hairstyles. You can leave your hair open and focus on the fringe to work a braid. You can also have a side loose braid.
The Hun
Simply wow! This hairstyle is not rocket science. You need to comb your hair straight, take the crown portion of your hair and style it into a bun. Use bobby pins or a crunchie to tie that little bun.
Half Updo
Most of the brides use this hairstyle on their big day. It is not only simple to wear, it is also easy to maintain. All you need to do is back comb your hair from the crown region to puff it up and then pin the hair in this region together.
If you feel it is time to upgrade from that boring braid, get yourself some dreadlocks. You can go for days not worrying to comb your locks. At the same time you can leave your hair loose and even style it to a bun!
Centre Parting
Simply comb the strands and let them fall on either side of your face. It is the perfect hairstyle if you hate tying your hair.


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The Dinner Party Trailer (2007)
09 September 2007 Drama, Comedy 60 mins
Young couple Jackie and Leo move from North London to a suburban home in the green belt paradise of Southern England. At the birthday party of a neighbor, they soon discover the strict social hierarchies of village life.
Watch the official The Dinner Party 2007 trailer in HD below or find more The Dinner Party videos on Vidimovie.


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Le Corone Otricoli would be glad to host you for a memorable journey in Italy. The hotel is offering four nicely furnished rooms to stay in to those seeking accommodation in Otricoli. The exact equipment and the exact list of available services of Le Corone Otricoli can be read on the information sheet below.
Payment Advance payment by credit card or providing credit card guarantee may be necessary for finalizing the reservation, depending on the chosen date, room and price.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in to your room is 15:00, the latest time to check out of your room is 10:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak with you in Italian and English languages.
Le Corone Otricoli rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
- Pool (Outdoor - seasonally open)
Hairdryer, Fridge, Washing machine


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1 lb. stew meat
5 potatoes, chopped
5 carrots, chopped
1 onion, chopped
3 stalks of celery, chopped
2 cans green beans (also add the juice)
1 can corn (also add the juice)
Large can of chopped tomato's
Large can on tomato soup or two reg. cans of tomato soup
Salt & Pepper to taste
In the dutch oven saute the celery, onion, and stew meat in a few tablespoons of oil. Cook until celery and onions are tender. "Dump" the rest of the ingredients into the dutch oven. Add coals on top and around the dutch over and cook until potatoes and carrots are cooked (and make sure the meat is also cooked thoroughly). If you think you need a little more liquid, you can add milk or water.
Thursday, June 11, 2009
Dutch Oven Stew
1 lb. stew meat
Happily Created By: Erika Guymon at Thursday, June 11, 2009
Labels: Dutch Oven, Main Dishes


text:
7345 East 900 South
Huntsville, UT 84317
Delivery Options
Cities Serviced Rental Rates
Company Website
More by Ogden Valley Sports
Model #: Sun Tracker 24 ft
Find a pontoon boat rental in the Ogden area. The Sun Tracker pontoon boat rental from Ogden Valley Sports is 24 ft long and has a capacity of up to 12 people. The boat rental also comes with 12 life jackets, 2 dock lines, and 2 fenders. Rent this boat by the hour or all day, which ever best fits your needs. Call Ogden Valley Sports today! Serving Pineview Reservoir, Willard Bay and Bear Lake.
Must be 18 years of age and be able to tow the boats to the lake.
Questions? Please contact us we will be happy to assist you.
For additional information you can view this item at Ogden Valley Sports or you can use the contact form below.
Related Rental Listings


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AJ McCarron's biggest supporter: Katherine Webb [Video]
Katherine Webb's boyfriend is Alabama quarterback AJ McCarron who has received several awards this week. First the Maxwell Award and then in Baltimore he received the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award. (Kevin Richardson)
Copyright © 2017, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad


text: Memento Mori [T] by: DecemberWildfire Anime/Manga: Sailor Moon Fan FictionGenre(s): Drama / Romance | Type: SongficLatest Revision: July 19, 2017 21:10 PDT | Chapters: 13 | Words: 24.4K | Visits: 298Summary: The Senshi and Shitennou fall in love during the war between the Moon Kingdom and the rebellious side of Earth during the Silver Millennium; a war that lasts for years. Can these ill-fated lovers stand their ground? Or will they be tempted away from their read more


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Universal Partners with Barbasol for 'Jurassic World' Shaving Cream
by Alex Billington
May 14, 2015
Source: SlashFilm
Brilliant! A fine example of when Hollywood marketing actually turns out okay. Universal has partnered with shaving cream manufacturer Barbasol for a special edition shaving cream can to promote the release of Jurassic World. Why? Well, we all know why! One of the most iconic and unforgettable scenes in the original Jurassic Park involves Dennis being given a special Barbasol can that contains storage racks for dinosaur embryos. Fans have replicated the prop and created working versions they've sold on Ebay, but now Barbasol is making Jurassic World cans themselves and they've gone all out. To celebrate, they've launched an entire marketing campaign complete with photos and a video. A Secret Has Been Left Behind…
There will be two limited edition Barbasol Jurassic World cans available, with art by Mark Englert, one of them being "Soothing Aloe" as opposed to the original. Both will be available on shelves (see photos below for reference). They're also hosting a contest and doing some other promo related to this and the release of Jurassic World this June, so dive into everything and take a look at all the imagery below. Beginning with…
20 years ago a secret was left behind. To survive you must evolve. #Barbasol #JurassicWorld https://t.co/zOyqcDCZ3z pic.twitter.com/DGDDH93lIm
— Barbasol (@BarbasolShave) May 7, 2015
Here's a few photos to promote the new cans, found via SlashFilm. It seems like they're having so much fun:
Finally, a gift that artist Mark Englert left with Barbasol after designing the images seen on the two cans.
Thanks to artist @markenglert for the limited edition #Barbasol can design.
Coming to stores now! pic.twitter.com/vdu1KOnoZL
— Barbasol (@BarbasolShave) May 9, 2015
For more info on the promotion, check out CaptureTheCan.com or visit Barbasol. I have to give props to this company for fully embracing this kind of promotion. Nice work. Now let's go see if we can find the T-Rex.
Jurassic World is directed by Colin Trevorrow (Safety Not Guaranteed), who rewrote the script with Derek Connolly from an earlier draft by Rick Jaffa & Amanda Silver (Rise of the Planet of the Apes, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes). No plot details are available yet, but the film has been said to feature a new operational dinosaur theme park, just as John Hammond imagined over 20 years ago. The cast includes Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Nick Robinson, Jake Johnson, Ty Simpkins, Vincent D'Onofrio, Irrfan Khan and B.D. Wong, reprising his role from Jurassic Park. Universal will open Jurassic World on June 12th. Get ready.
Follow Alex's main profile on :


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Share this game with your friends
Did you know?
This game has been added 16.02.2016, has played by 1010 times and has voted by 1 times.
Come dear kids and check out this new game right here on our site because it would be a shame if you missed it, it is a very interesting game and we are sure you know and like the characters, we are talking about the Star Wars characters and the truth is that this story is very popular so we , the administrative team, hope you will be curious to check out the game because it would be a shame if you missed the c hance. This is a star Wars game indeed but it is very suitable for girls because , as you can see from the title of it, your job is to take care of a girl from this story and of her look. You need to do her hair and to dress her up and of course don't forget about her make up and all that has to be perfect and according to the theme of the story, she needs to have a Stars wars look and outfit. Good luck!
Use the MOUSE.
You can also read the instructions that Star Wars Hairstyles are given in the game and follow them carefully!
Find the Star Wars Hairstyles game by searching for this items:
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Here you can say whatever you want if follow a language without swearing and insults. All comments are verified by an administrator to be sure that all our players respect the rules. Have fun!


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Luxury Sofas at Unbeatable Prices. Price Match Guarantee!
Showroom Line: 0800 977 6340
March Special - Free shipping valid on all sofas - Average saving of £80 *
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A deep, soft and extremely comfortable armchair in either black or brown faux leather with a hidden secret. A motorised mechanism provides a helpful lift out or relaxing recline position at the touch of a button.
The perfect complement to our sofas or a beautiful addition to a study or den, our armchairs come in a range of colours and styles to suit any home. All our armchairs have matching 2 and 3 seaters.
© Premium Discount Sofas 2013 | Linnyshaw Mill, 260 Manchester Road, Worsley, Manchester, M28 3TR


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18allison Review
i was afraid the boards/shelves would be skinnier in person but they are perfect size. Its also stronger than i was expecting which is a good thing ..its not something that im afraid will break if i place heavier items on it .the black color looks great against my grey walls and im very happy i went with this bookshelf because i was looking for a modern style to match the rest of my furniture. on the downside, it took me 2 and a half hours to put it together and came in 24 separate pieces. the directions did not describe how to put it together..it just showed pictures to follow (which i was able to figure out after studying the picture). i wouldn't let that keep you from getting this..just realize its not a 20 min project!..overall im very pleased and would reccomend this to anyone who is looking for a great black bookshelf.
- How did the color on site compare with the actual product? what i was expecting it to be
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. good quality..sturdy!
- How accurate was the on site description of the product? the description was accurate


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Monday 7 January 1935, Orthodox Christmas
It was Monday, under the sign of Capricorn. The US president was Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic).
Famous people born on this day include Noam Sheriff and Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov cosmonaut (Soyuz 6.
The Lives of a Bengal Lancer, directed by Henry Hathaway, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1935
while Vein of Iron by Ellen Glasgow was one of the best selling books.
But much more happened that day: find out below..
You can also have a look at the whole 1935 or at January 07 across the years.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 7 January 1935 and get them!
Which were the most popular movies released in the last months ?
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 7 January 1935!
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 7 January 1935 ?
- Catholicism - Feast day of St. Raymond of Pe�afort.
- Christmas Day in the Julian calendar. This is the day on which Christmas is celebrated in most Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Churches.
- European traditional - Distaff day: women's traditional work begins again after Epiphany.
Famous Birthdays:
- Noam Sheriff: Composer.
- Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov cosmonaut (Soyuz 6: 19, 36/35, Apollo-Soyuz).
- Arthur Conrad: American dancer, choreographer and opera director.
- Kenny Davern: American clarinet player and saxophonist (d. 2006).
- Tommy Johnson: American tuba player and educator (d. 2006).
- Valeri Kubasov: Russian engineer and astronaut (d. 2014)
- Ducky Schofield: American baseball player
- Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval sign the Franco : Italian Agreement.
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Which were the most popular books released in the last weeks ?


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Search Results
Alex Rodriguezis a member on the following 2 albums:
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About Mad To Be Normal
- World Premiere – Glasgow Film Festival – February 26th, 2017
- UK Limited Release – April 6th, 2017
- US Premiere – Newport Beach Film Festival – April 21st, 2017
David Tennant has the lead role in Gimzo Films' 2016 production Mad to be Normal(formerly called Metanoia). Written by Robert Mullan, the biopic focuses on psychiatrist Robert David "R.D." Laing, "Acid Marxist" of the 1960s and '70s. He took LSD, appeared with rock bands and established started a psychiatric community project at Kingsley Hall, where the divide between patients and psychiatrists was dropped and the two groups lived together.
David Tennant on the role – " I have long been fascinated by the life and work of RD Laing. This is a wonderful opportunity to celebrate and discover this important man and I am honoured and thrilled to be involved in telling this story. Robert Mullan's passion for the subject is inspiring and the presence of the brilliant Elisabeth Moss makes this something I cannot wait to start work on."
Robert Mullan, who has also written many books on the controversial figure, discusses Liang's checked past: "In the late 1960s, and throughout the 1970s, R.D. Laing was seen as the 'high priest of anti-psychiatry' and the so-called 'Acid Marxist' – lauded by his supporters for his daring and experimental work with disturbed people. In truth, Laing simply tried harder than other psychiatrists to sympathetically understand the cracked minds of the people who came to see him. He gave them time and tried to see the world from their point of view. His books sold all over the world and his reputation was global".
The movie began filming 1st February 2016 in and around Yorkshire including York University and at Scampston Hall.
Mad To be Normal received its world premiere at the 2017 Glasgow Film Festival on February 26th followed by a general cinema release in the UK on April 6th.


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COL Tunnell's letter seems right on the mark and is especially informative about Helmand Province, the site of most of the losses for the OK ARNG 45th IN Bde in their recent deployment. The colonel's summary of the failings of allies, as well as the COIN strategy, blows away the BS that passes for reporting these days.
As a former Field Artillery officer, I was also gratified to see him note the performance of FA personnel when placed in jobs other than putting steel on a target to take out the enemy. This has been a significant concern of mine where people are misused and mal-assigned away from their training or expertise, FA or not.
A book from Slate.com was excerpted this summer and it had some info on COL Tunnell. The book, apparently written by an Indian (dot, not feathers), is not kind to the brigade commander on his tactics. It does make for a good read because it fills in some areas only brushed in the colonel's PDF letter. The link to the excerpt article is below:
I had the feeling reading through it that the bloke writing it didn't like our Army much, whether utilizing COIN or not. Then I got to the bottom:


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25 Lego Mini Figures with hair, hats, helmets and stuff in their hands! People 2
Sold for:
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- Sold Date:
- Source: eBay
25 Lego Mini Figures with hair, hats, helmets and stuff in their hands! - Men PeopleThis auction is for 25 mini Lego figures as shown in the pictures. The pictures represent the exact ones you will receive. For added value, notice that all of the figures have hair or hats or helmets, etc. In addition, they all have at least one item in their hands. There may be a Mega Blocks figure in the lot. And for that reason, I add in extra hats, hair, helmets and items for their hands just in case you have an issue with Mega Blocks. The extra stuff is not shown in the pictures but is used to fill up the shipping container. These mini figures are used, but are clean and in excellent condition. Remember my return policy: If you don't like it, send it back for a full refund! eBay can be lots of fun and I want to help keep it that way! Check out my feedback to feel really comfortable with your bidding. Check out my other auctions for more Lego Mini Figures! High bidder Free Shipping within the United States. Thank you for looking and good luck. Lot #2


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"Minatoya offers a tenderly packaged gift. Unwrapping it is a pleasure."—Austin Chronicle
...[T]his historical novel is ambitious in scope it attempts to adapt an ancient Japanese literary form to modern times and to the experience of living in two cultures while also relating the tale of a modest woman's discovery of self.


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Engagement rings have been the ultimate symbol of love for thousands of years. In ancient Egypt, they wore rings on the third finger of the left hand to mark where the "vein of love" went directly to the heart, starting a tradition that continues today. When pledging your love with a unique engagement ring, you are starting your own family tradition. The most important value factor to consider when shopping for multistone sapphire antique-inspired engagement jewelry is the quality of the center stone. Gemvara hand-selects top quality conflict-free gems that are expertly cut for maximum beauty. A gift of a sapphire is a pledge of trust and loyalty. This tradition makes sapphire engagement rings a perfect symbol of the promise to marry. Sapphire is the September birthstone, the 5th and 45th anniversary gem, and the zodiac gem for Virgo. Our unrivalled selection of engagement rings by Randy Dixon, Ruzanna Davtian, Just Like You Designs, and other talented jewelry designers means you can find an engagement ring that perfectly symbolizes your relationship. Each gem in our stunning multistone designs is carefully set by hand by our skilled craftspeople. Because antique jewelry is used, it may not fit you or your modern lifestyle. Gemvara's antique inspired collection has the look you love with modern wearability and craftsmanship. Clean multistone sapphire antique-inspired engagement jewelry with mild dish soap: use a soft brush where dust collects. When taking off your engagement ring, don't pull on the gemstone: this won't damage the gem but it can, over time, stretch the metal that holds it in place, making the setting less secure. Be careful when removing your ring to wash your hands. Don't leave it on the rim of a sink where it can slip down the drain! Gemvara's fine quality multistone sapphire antique-inspired engagement jewelry are designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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29 comments:
- Gentri said...
OH. MY. GOSH. Ashley! You always come up with the cutest costumes!! This is ADORABLE!! Melting my heart. Completely!
- October 30, 2012 at 4:32 PM
- la petite lulu said...
Oh my goodness, that might just be the cutest little own I've ever seen! I love it!!!!
- October 30, 2012 at 4:38 PM
- eryka {from abcde} said...
OH EM GEE. That is the cutest Owl ever! Did you make that?!
- October 30, 2012 at 4:46 PM
- Shauna said...
These are the cutest pictures and that is the cutest costume ever!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Did you make it? If not where did you get that it's so cute. I've seen some like it at Costco but the one Hudson is wearing seems more special.
These leaves and the whole setting for his pictures are just perfect. And Halloween is a real Hoot-we love it!!!!! Have a great day you sweet mommma :) Love,
Shauna xoxoxoxo
- October 30, 2012 at 5:04 PM
- Tori Baldridge said...
Hudson is ready!! I just want to eat him up he is to die for!!! Cute costume too mama!
- October 30, 2012 at 6:02 PM
- Mademoiselle Poirot said...
That costume is absolutely adorable! Too sweet, well done. I hope you have lots of fun at Halloween! Thanks for your lovely comment on my blog xo
- October 30, 2012 at 6:04 PM
- erica[goodjobmomma] said...
everything about this is amazing!!!! i'm squealing with delight!! so adorable!
- October 30, 2012 at 6:17 PM
- kyna... said...
Leave it to Hudson to have the CUTEST costume ever!!!! OMG!! EEEK!
♥ Kyna
- October 30, 2012 at 7:01 PM
- sweet harvest moon said...
Cutest halloween costume ever! So adorable!
Happy Halloween! :)
- October 30, 2012 at 7:13 PM
- misc.alaina said...
Oh my goodness, he is so cute! Hudson is such a handsome Owl!! Hope he has fun if you guys do trick-or-treating or other Halloween activities!!
- October 30, 2012 at 7:16 PM
- Mariel Torres said...
Hudson, is the CUTEST baby owl ever!!!! i can't stop "ooh-ing" and "aah-ing" over each and every single one of the pictures.
perfect costume darling!
- October 30, 2012 at 8:55 PM
- Melanie said...
Look at that cute little owl tooshie!!
- October 30, 2012 at 9:08 PM
- Meri said...
haha, I hope yours is too! that is the cutest costume!
- October 30, 2012 at 10:04 PM
- Elly said...
I just died from extreme cuteness!! Lovely blog, new follower! :)
- October 30, 2012 at 10:57 PM
- Emma Frances said...
Oh my goodness his costume is ADORABLE! I hope you all have a wonderful H"owl"oween!! :)
- October 31, 2012 at 12:31 AM
- Lorena Pizzo said...
I follow you and I hope you will reciprocate...
- October 31, 2012 at 3:07 AM
- Cindy P said...
So, so cute! I LOVE his little owl costume! What fun. I hope he has a blast Trick Or Treating! And I hope you enjoy your Halloween, too!
P.S. Did you make that costume?
- October 31, 2012 at 8:03 AM
- Shannon @ Bungalow960 said...
Oh my good golly. I just want to squeeze him! 1. Because he's so cute 2. Because that costume looks soft.
- October 31, 2012 at 8:20 AM
- Ashley said...
This is the cutest! Where did you get that adorable owl costume? I hope you guys have a real hoot this Halloween. (:
- October 31, 2012 at 9:39 AM
- Mrs. Pancakes said...
Cuteness...I had a feeling little man would have a cute costume!
- October 31, 2012 at 9:59 AM
- livlovelaugh said...
omg... omg omg omg... i just cried a little from how cute these pictures are... I can't WAIT to have kids so i can dress them up in warm fuzzy costumes like this for halloween! He is ..... ADORABLE!
- October 31, 2012 at 11:18 AM
- Amber said...
Oh. My. Gosh. He is adorable!!
- October 31, 2012 at 1:11 PM
- Simona said...
- October 31, 2012 at 1:49 PM
- Amanda said...
Happy Hallowhoooooooon! He's grown so much, but I love this costume! You done good :)
- October 31, 2012 at 5:06 PM
Well I do believe we might just have the best little Hoot Owl in the world. GREAT PICTURES Swoop!
- October 31, 2012 at 10:28 PM
- Stephanie Lam said...
OMG tooo cute for words!!!! Looks like you had an amazing Halloween!!
PS. I'd love it if you could visit my blog and follow me if you like it!! :)
- November 1, 2012 at 2:18 PM
- Haley K said...
Seriously I would have been snuggling him ALLLLL night! He rocked that owl costume. :) And the little photo shoot in that gorgeous forest made for some incredible images of that sweet boy of yours. :)
- November 1, 2012 at 11:25 PM
- chestnutmocha said...
so cute!! omg it's the cutest thing I've seen recently!! Adorable! <3 I have no words :-)
PS: we're having a giveaway on our blog this week - you're invited!
- November 1, 2012 at 11:29 PM
- justicepirate.com said...
This is a beautiful costume. He is so cute. I think I could look at these sweet photos forever!!!!!!!!!!!!! How awesome.
- November 5, 2012 at 7:44 AM


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Poser 6.0 or higher, Victoria 4.1, base figure and/or V4.1 morphs AND/OR V4.2 plus the V4.2 Morph++ package, and/or Aiko 4. These items can be obtained at DAZ3D
Read more description:
reup rapid
Beautiful but don't work in my country, you can reupload please ? Thanks
Many thanks 🙂
wwooooooooooooooooow nice nice nice
Many thanks!!
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Steven Moffat says Doctor Who Christmas special may bring back old flame River Song
Doctor Who supremo Steven Moffat says the Christmas episode is a "great romp", but warns there's "not a lot of Christmas in it".
The show's writer also spoke about bringing back Alex Kingston, who plays River Song.
Moffat explained: "The big deal is Doctor No 12 (Peter Capaldi) encountering River and vice versa.
"It's strange because they're now the perfect couple."
Fans are still mourning the loss of the Doctor's companion, Clara Oswald, played by Jenna Coleman.
Moffat said: "We've just lost Clara, so I didn't want to go straight into a new companion.
"I brought River Song back in because I thought there was a possibility I'd never write it (Doctor Who) again, so that'd be my goodbye."
Belfast Telegraph


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As previously reported, the publishers of George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire in the UK, Voyager, have finally gotten into a position where they can re-release the first four novels of the series in matching hard-covers. This is the first time that the novels have been made available in hardcover since their initial releases (my understanding is that the first edition of the A Game of Thrones hardcover is very valuable, in part due to this fact).
You can order A Game of Thrones and A Clash of Kings presently, with A Storm of Swords (in one volume, no less!) and A Feast for Crows due in December.


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MyEssayWriting.com - Essay Writing Services.
As Don prepares to say his last goodbyes to his loving wife, Robert attempts to change Don's perspective about his mortality and proposes an exceptionally unique option. Robert leads Don through an astounding meditation of life and death and reveals various healing and spiritual concepts including walk-ins, embodiment and soul destiny. On this magical journey of self realization, Don discovers that it's never too late to learn profound life lessons about ourselves and our loved ones.


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Jack 7 Revealed for Tekken 7!
JACK 7 revealed for TEKKEN 7!!! LETS GO JACK!
JACK 7 revealed for TEKKEN 7!!! LETS GO JACK!
Tekken producer Katsuhiro Harada announced a new fighter to Tekken 7′s roster during his appearance on Capcom's Chokaigi NicoNico Stream.
Gigas will be available in arcades April 28th. You can check out the trailer to this powerhouse here.
Video playthru of all of the unlocks in Mortal Kombat X – the Krypt 100%.
Whats up guys! In the past month I've got to play Tekken 7 at both Final Round, and just this past weekend, at Norcal Regionals. I got to spend a lot of time with the game and got to try out the 4 new characters in Lucky Chloe, Shaheen, Claudio, and Katarina. I've put together a video talking about my general feelings about the game in its current state, my thoughts about the characters I've used, and my thoughts on the possible console release date of the game. Check it out below!
Wow, just hours after Tekken Net launched in Korea, we get crazy leaks! Looks like Jin, Devil Jin, and a new female character were revealed! Also there is a mystery fourth image, which may be a customization or another new character! Check out the video below, and the screens after the jump!
Just announced via Twitter, Markman tweeted that TEKKEN 7 will be playable at FINAL ROUND in just 17 days! Additionally, Harada and Michael Murray will be in attendance as well. They will also be bringing a special guest! Who could it be? Nobi? Pekosu? Only time will tell. Registration has been extended until March 6th, so hurry and sign up if you plan to go! Aris and myself will be there as well!
WOW, Mortal Kombat X continues to impress with a surprising story trailer today that revealed a bunch of characters. While the trailer shows what we can expect from the game, it also shows 9 characters in the game that have not been confirmed. Even stranger, Ed Boon tweeted that they revealed 5 characters in 1 day, even though there are more than 5 characters shown! If he isn't trolling for once, then that means that not all characters shown today will be playable. I rarely dissect trailers, but this one had so much in it that I thought it was worth the effort. Be sure to subscribe if you want to see more content like this in the future!


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FROM THE VAST NORTH AMERICAN TRANSIT SYSTEM -- As I make my way down to New Orleans, I figured I'd check in and let you know that the Detroit Lions are as healthy as they've been in some time as Saturday night's wild-card game against the Saints approaches.
It looks like only one player, reserve safety Chris Harris, might not be available for the game. Harris hasn't practiced since Wednesday because of a back injury and is listed on the Lions' final injury report as doubtful.
All other players are either probable or not listed at all. That includes safety Louis Delmas (knee), who hasn't played since Thanksgiving Day, and nose tackle Corey Williams, who missed last week's game against the Green Bay Packers because of a hip injury.
For the Saints, receiver Lance Moore (hamstring) won't play.


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Expert Reviewed
wikiHow to Count Carbs on the Atkins Diet
Three Parts:Calculating Net CarbsKeeping Track of Your Net Carb IntakeKnowing How Many Carbs to Consume During the DietCommunity Q&A
Managing carbohydrate intake is the foundation of the Atkins diet plan. You need to learn how to calculate the amount of carbohydrates you consume each day and in each meal to properly stick to the diet. In addition to computing your daily carbohydrate intake, you will gradually reintroduce carbohydrates back into your diet in a specific sequence called the carbohydrate ladder.
Part 1
Calculating Net Carbs
1Understand the net carb concept. The Atkins diet focuses on cutting down on carbohydrates so you need to learn how you can monitor the amount of carbs you are consuming. To do this you need to understand what net carbs are. Net carbs simply represent the total carbohydrate content of food after you have deducted the fiber content and any sugar alcohols.[1]
- You only need to count net carbs instead of total carbohydrates because these are what significantly impact your blood sugar level.
- Foods which are low in net carbs don't have a major impact on your blood sugar level, and as such are less likely to disrupt your weight loss.
- Low net carb foods include fruits and vegetables which are rich in important nutrients like vitamins and minerals.
2Learn the formula for calculating net carbs. The formula for calculating net carbs is straightforward enough. You simply need to subtract the dietary fiber and the sugar alcohol content from the total carbohydrates. This will give a basic number which you can use to monitor your carb intake while on the Atkins Diet. The formula for calculating net carbs is:
- Net Carbs = Total Carbs – Dietary Fiber – Sugar Alcohol.[2]
- This is a simple formula but it's fine for the purposes of the diet and won't take you long to remember.
3Find the number of total carbohydrates on a nutrition label. The easiest way to calculate the net carbs with these formula is to look at the information on the nutrition label of the food. All food that comes in appropriate packaging will have one these labels which will give you the figures you need to determine the net carbs.[3]
- Start by finding the number of total carbohydrates in a food on the food's nutrition label.
- Total carbohydrates are typically found in the top section of the label after the product's sodium content.
4Subtract the fiber. Now find the quantity of dietary fiber in the food. Dietary fiber is often located as a subheading beneath the total carbohydrate count. Subtract the amount of dietary fiber from the amount of total carbohydrates.
5Deduct the sugar alcohols. Sugar alcohols are not easily absorbed by the body, so they do not count against your net carb total. If the food label contains a listing for sugar alcohol quantity, then you can subtract sugar alcohol content from your total carbohydrate count in addition to subtracting dietary fiber.
- There is some debate about the impact of sugar alcohols on blood pressure so you should not assume that is fine to consume these in large amounts just because they don't contribute to your net carbs.
- Sugar alcohols contribute to calories and can have a laxative effect when consumed in large portions.[4]
6Note the net carb count. Once you have subtracted the fiber and sugar alcohols from the total carbohydrates you will have calculated the net carb value. Make a note of the figure and don't forget to adjust it according to how many grams of the food you are eating.
- You may notice some foods now advertised with labels that claim to have low net carbs. There is no legal definition of net carbs so it's a good idea to do your own calculation too.[5]
7Use a carbohydrate-counting guide if there is no label. Calculating net carbs on foods that don't come with handy nutritional information printed onto the packaging is a little trickier. You still need to use the same basic formula to determine the net carbs. (Net Carbs = Total Carbs – Dietary Fiber – Sugar Alcohol.) In order to do this, you first need to find out the total carbs, dietary fiber, and sugar alcohols content in the food. There are many guides for foods that provide all the useful information that is included on nutrition labels.
- For example, a banana doesn't come with a food label, but you can find the net carb info listed on the Atkins website. A small banana has 20 net carbs.[6]
- You will find that over time you will learn the net carbs of different foods so you don't have to check them in the guide all the time.
- The guides will also contain other useful nutritional information and help you learn to identify foods to avoid more generally.
Part 2
Keeping Track of Your Net Carb Intake
1Consider using a mobile app. Once you have learned how to calculate your net carb intake you need to actually track how much you are consuming to make sure you stick to the Atkins plan. There are a number of different techniques and technologies that can help you to do this. One good option is to download a carb counting app onto your smartphone.[7]
- It has the advantages of being portable and something you keep with you all day.
- Depending on the app you can also track other nutritional information.
- It will do some of the calculations for you and give you a clear and up-to-date count of your net carb consumption.
2Try a digital tracker on your computer. Another digital option is to download a tracker onto your PC or laptop. Like the app this will do a lot of the calculating for you and is likely to contain a variety of other features to help you monitor what you eat more fully. Using one of these programs can often help you to gain a fuller picture of your diet.[8]
- Unlike a smartphone app, it is not something you will carry around with you all day, so you won't be able to keep it completely up-to-date during the day.
3Write out your count by hand. A nice low tech version is simply to write down your net carb intake by hand as you go through the day. You could buy a special notebook and keep it with you. Jotting down your progress can be a good way to really take ownership of your diet plan and have a sense of achievement as you stick to it.
- You won't get as much analysis and extra information if you write it down yourself.
- But it could be nice to look back through the notebook after you have completed the diet to remind yourself of your progress.
Part 3
Knowing How Many Carbs to Consume During the Diet
1Consume just 20g of net carbs during the induction phase. In the Induction phase, you should consume no more than 20 net carbs per day. In subsequent phases, you can consume more as long as they don't interfere with your weight loss. Start by consuming 12 to 15 grams of net carbs through eating foundation vegetables.[9]
- Foundation vegetables include leafy greens, broccoli, cauliflower and asparagus.
- Eat high-fat, low-carb dairy products during Induction for your remaining carbs. Examples include hard cheeses, cream and sour cream.
2Increase your carb intake gradually. In phase two, OWL (Ongoing Weight Loss), you can add 5 grams of net carbs to your diet each week. As long as you continue to lose weight, you can continue gradually adding more carbohydrates to your diet. If weight loss stalls, you can cut back on your carbohydrates until you start to lose weight again. Start eating nuts and seeds again. Avoid chestnuts, which contain too many net carbs.
- Add in some fruit the next week. You can eat berries, cherries and melon.
- Vary your dairy. After you incorporate fruit, you can add in whole milk yoghurt and fresh cheeses, including ricotta and cottage cheese.
- Add legumes next. These include chickpeas, lentils, peanuts and beans.[10]
3Add 10 grams of net carbs each week during phases three and four. These phases, known as Pre-Maintenance and Maintenance, are about finding the right balance to maintain your weight loss.[11] You are working to find your Atkins Carbohydrate Equilibrium, or ACE. Your ACE is the number of net carbs you can consume each day without gaining weight.
- Eat a greater variety of fruit. Enjoy apples, citrus fruits and other fruits that are lower in sugar but high in fiber.
- Start eating high-carb vegetables again. You can add winter squash, peas and carrots back to your diet, but avoid regular potatoes.
- Add whole grains after you add high-carb vegetables. Focus on whole grains and continue to avoid high-carb refined grains such as white bread and white rice.[12]
Community Q&A
Do sugars listed on a product label for flavor factor in the net carbohydrate equation?Regular sugar would already be factored into the total carbohydrate content on the food label.
If a label shows sugar, but not sugar alcohols, do you do anything with this number when calculating carbs?No, because regular sugar would already be factored into the total carbohydrate content on the food label.
What are the net carbs for beef?There are no net carbs in beef. However, if your recipe includes breading or a sauce, you would need to calculate the net carbs for that.
Is sugar alcohol is different than sugar?Yes, sugar is made of sucrose which is a different substance compared to sugar alcohols. Some examples of sugar alcohols include sorbitol, glycerol and mannitol.
What is sugar alcohol?Sugar alcohols are sweeteners, and do not contain alcohol. Examples include sorbitol, glycerol, and mannitol. They are reduced-calorie sweeteners because they provide less calories compared to sugar.
How do you measure/weigh vegetables including salad?Use a standard measuring cup to measure the vegetables, and a kitchen scale to weight them.
I see sugar listed in the Atkins Diet materials, but not sugar alcohol. Are they the same?FaithtychYes, they are counted the same way in the Atkins Diet.
What does "other types of carbs" mean?FaithtychThere are good carbs and bad carbs. Good carbs include those in fruits, cereal, nuts and seeds. Bad carbs are those found in junk food such as cookies, cake, potato chips and soda.
If an item says it has 13 total grams of carbs, 2 grams of fiber, and 10 grams of sugar, would it only have one net carb?wikiHow ContributorIt would have 11 net carbs. Regular sugar is not deducted -- only sugar alcohols.
Can I subtract insoluble fiber?
- Throughout each phase of Atkins, make sure to consume 12 to 15 grams of carbohydrates each day by eating foundation vegetables.
- Take a daily multivitamin while following this diet.
- Keep in mind that healthy weight loss is about 1 to 2 pounds per week. If you are losing more than this amount, you need to discuss it with your doctor and consider making changes to your diet.
- Don't allow yourself to gain more than 5 pounds without addressing your carbohydrate intake. Lower your daily carb intake by 10 to 20 grams until your excess weight retreats.
- Talk with your primary care doctor before starting this diet and plan to continue regular check ups with your doctor as well.
Things You'll Need
- Carbohydrate counting guide
Sources and Citations
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/library/articles/what-are-net-carbs
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/library/articles/what-are-net-carbs
- ↑ http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_e/E136.pdf
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/women/features/net-carb-debate?page=2
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/women/features/net-carb-debate
- ↑ https://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/atkins-20/phase-4/acceptable-foods-atkins-20-phase-4
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/free-tools/mobile-app
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/free-tools
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/atkins-20/phase-1
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/atkins-20/phase-2/acceptable-foods-atkins-20-phase-2
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/atkins-20/phase-3
- ↑ http://www.atkins.com/how-it-works/atkins-20/phase-3/acceptable-foods-atkins-20-phase-3
Article Info
Categories: Diet Programs
In other languages:
Español: contar los carbohidratos en la dieta Atkins, Italiano: Contare i Carboidrati nella Dieta Atkins, Português: Contar Carboidratos Durante a Dieta Atkins, Русский: подсчитывать углеводы для диеты Аткинса, Deutsch: Während der Atkins Diät Kohlenhydrate zählen, Français: compter les glucides pendant le régime Atkins, Bahasa Indonesia: Menghitung Karbohidrat pada Diet Atkins
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 136,933 times.


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'Eccentric inventor' admits he made guns
An "eccentric inventor" with a "fascination for firearms" appeared in court yesterday on charges arising from a search of his east Belfast home.
David Cunningham - who is blind in one eye, almost blind in the other and partially deaf - admitted 12 firearms offences, including discharging one of his home-made guns into the sea at Crawfordsburn.
Belfast Crown Court heard that the 64-year old former mechanic watched videos on the internet about making weapons before using household items such as torches, files and an iPhone box to make his own.
The court also heard that Cunningham had no links to terrorism or paramilitaries.
When his Castlereagh Parade home was searched on May 11 last year police located a number of weapons and ammunition, some hidden under floorboards.
They included nine zip guns, an improvised shotgun, a modified revolver and four stun guns.
Crown barrister Robin Steer said police called at Cunningham's home and he was searched. Three bullets were found in his trouser pocket and he was wearing a zip gun around his neck on a piece of cord. Once arrested Cunningham said: "I wasn't going to do anyone any harm. I am not a terrorist or anything like that."
Mr Steer told judge Geoffrey Miller QC that the Crown accepted Cunningham had a "fascination with firearms".
He said that while in custody the Belfast man admitted firing shots from one of the firearms into the sea at Crawfordsburn, and discharging a shot in a residential area.
Cunningham subsequently pleaded guilty to 12 offences, including multiple charges of possessing firearms and ammunition in suspicious circumstances.
Branding Cunningham an "eccentric inventor" with "no criminal intentions", Mr Steer said the defendant had no history of possessing firearms and was "not involved with paramilitaries or paramilitary activity."
Defence barrister Denis Boyd said his client was a loner who made a lot of the weapons out of household items.
His criminality arose after he viewed an online site detailing how to make firearms, and he experimented using a vice, file and drill.
Judge Miller said he would pass sentence next Thursday.
Belfast Telegraph


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Travel with Caravan Tours on a fully guided Costa Rica eco tour and discover a diverse tropical paradise of protected, rare natural beauty where conservation, education and a deep commitment to environmental protection are combined to support sustainable ecological Costa Rica tourism, this country`s number one industry.
A full 23% of this tiny country of just under 5 million people has been designated as protected national parks, natural wildlife reserves andrefuges, which is really quite amazing!
Protecting a diverse array of rare tropical birds, reptiles, flora and fauna,
Over 13,000 varieties of tropical fauna and flora
Nearly 850 species of unique exotic birds
And over 3,000 species of butterflies
International visitors and tourists are always warmly welcomed and
The following is an overview of some of the unique tourism attractions you will see on our Caravan Costa Rica ecotourism tour.
Poas & Arenal Volcanoes – Viewing either volcano up close will depend on the weather but Poas volcano boasts a mile wide crater and Arenal volcano is magnificent with its active lava flow.
Braulio Carillo Park – Cloud forests, cascading waterfalls, and hiking through virgin rainforests are spectacular but it's the aerial tram ride through the rainforest jungle canopy that is the highlight of this
Escallonia Cloud Forest – Located near Poas Volcano, the high humidity of Costa Rica's Escallonia cloud forest coupled with less rain and low lying clouds makes this fog shrouded attraction ideal for nurturing Escallonia's many incredible orchids and tropical ferns.
Cano Negro Wildlife Refuge & Carara Biological Reserve – Enjoy both of these protected areas as part of Caravan's
Leatherback Turtles National Park & Nesting Grounds – Thousands of Leatherback turtles return here every year to nest with some as heavy as 1100 lbs. and up to 6 feet in length. This is a true highlight of Caravan's
Manual Antonia National Park – Listed by Forbes as one of the world's 12 most beautiful national parks, Manuel Antonio on
Caravan's all inclusive tours, including Canada, the USA, Panama, Guatemala, and our Costa Rica ecotourism packages, are all fully guided by professional Tour Operators, and our all inclusive tour company has remained family owned and operated since 1952.
For more information about Caravan's fully guided, all inclusive
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