text:
Crohn Disease (cont.)
Surgery for Crohn's Disease
Patient Comments
The most widely used operation in Crohn's disease is removing the diseased part of the intestine. Surgery is usually necessary in people who have intestinal obstruction or very severe symptoms that are not relieved by medication. It can improve the condition, but it does not cure it. Surgery also may be necessary for an abscess or certain types of fistula.
People who have part of their bowel removed may require an ostomy. The normal bowel is attached to an opening in the lower abdomen called a stoma. Feces are no longer passed from the body through the rectum and anus, but through this stoma. An ostomy bag is worn on the outside of the body to collect the waste. The ostomy often is called by which part of the bowel is attached, such as colostomy or ileostomy.
Crohn's disease recurs frequently after surgery. If a part of the bowel is removed, the recurrence often occurs at the place where the diseased bowel was cut in the operation. Hence careful follow-up after surgery is important, even when the patient feels well, to detect early signs of recurrence. Patients may have to continue treatment even after surgery to help in reducing the rate of recurrence of Crohn's disease.
People who have part of their small intestine removed may experience a complication known as short bowel syndrome. Ironically, the symptoms of short bowel syndrome often are similar to those of Crohn's disease. This complication is now uncommon with modern surgery.
Patients who have had large portions of their intestine removed often need to rely on intravenous nutrition (total parenteral nutrition, or TPN) for the rest of their lives.
Other Therapies for Crohn's Disease
Newer immunosuppressant agents, such as tacrolimus (Prograf) and mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), and natural products of the immune system that fight inflammation, such as specific interleukins, are being tested in Crohn's disease.
Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 9/11/2017
Medical Author:
Senthil Nachimuthu, MD, BS
Medical Editor:
Medical Reviewer:
(Page 6 of 8)
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Abdominal Pain in Children Abdominal pain in children can range from trivial to life-threatening. Some possible causes of learn more >>
Anal Abscess Anal abscesses include perirectal abscess and perianal abscess. Both types of abscesses need immediate medical attention. Causes of anal abscesses include indiv...learn more >>
Patient Comments & Reviews
The eMedicineHealth doctors ask about Crohn's Disease (What Is Crohn's Disease?):
Crohn's Disease - Medications
What medications have been successful in treating Crohn's disease symptoms?
Crohn's Disease Resources
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Read What Your Physician is Reading on Medscape
Crohn Disease »
Crohn disease is an idiopathic, chronic, transmural inflammatory process of the bowel that often leads to fibrosis and obstructive symptoms, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the mouth to the anus.


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(415) 717-5588
|Antique Indonesian Art and Tribal Artifacts
INDO515: Nias War Shield
Classical Nias shield with dark smokey patina. Carved from a single piece of wood with multiple rattan bands for extra protection from being split in battle. The patina is smokey and dark from age, use and storage. There are multiple rattan bands with most of them being intact. There is also some abrasion to the wood on the back near the handle.
Collected by Bruce Lawes in the early 1970s.
50 1/2" Overall - 11" Wide. Early 20th century, Nias, Indonesia. ....$3000.00
Further ordering information and payment options

subset: commoncrawl


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Archive for December, 2008
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Kittozutto is a design firm from Singapore. Their designs are a mixture of fine arts, digital arts and digital imaging. Their finished work is awesome and is so detailed that once zoomed it looks great. Have a look at some of the designs on their website.
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5 Spice
Bandra West
Western Suburbs
(+11 other places)
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Heena Bhure
July 10,2015
love this place
I love n always die to eat this food here.i go crazzzy over the food which is served.mouthwattering dishes.yummy.no other place like this.it is a heaven for food lovers.plzzzz do visit this place n praise meeee.ha ha haaaa.better go to the borivli branch wich is near by.and also convinient yo b there.i hope even u will b a die hard fan of 5spice.😉
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June 24,2015
Good Food
This place serves good food and makes for a decent family outing if you are into Chinese food. Since there are so many outlets of this restaurant, you are gonna find it in each area. But it has decent food, decor and service.
Its not a must visit but cant completely write it off.
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Ravi Raj
June 04,2015
Awesome Food
I am a big fan of the Thai pot rice both veg and non-veg. They have some great starters and a good beverage menu. I have visited this place many times and never get tired.
This is a best place for Chinese and portion sizes are huge.
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Ravi Raj
June 04,2015
Awesome Food
I am a big fan of the Thai pot rice both veg and non-veg. They have some great starters and a good beverage menu. I have visited this place many times and never get tired.
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Foodie Love
April 30,2015
Delicious Chinese food at a very attractive price
5 Spice is an awesome place to have the Indian version of Chinese food. The variety of food they offer is commendable. Every dish is prepared thoughtfully and with creative flavors. There is not much to say about ambiance as it is not a luxury eatery. The portions are really good so be mindful when you are ordering food. Kung pao potatoes, the Mongolian pot rice and shantung noodles are surely not to be missed.
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RADHAKrishna 9393
March 02,2015
5 Spice deserves a High Five
I am a big fan of the Thai pot rice both veg and non-veg. They have some great starters and a good beverage menu. I have visited this place many times and never get tired.
This is a best place for Chinese and portion sizes are huge. We ordered one soup and two main course dishes along with two rice bowls for five people and there was plenty of food left over.
Mind you guys! 5 spice has at least 15 branches in Mumbai and my personal experience says that a lot depends on the branch you go to dine out. I find bandra and marine lines to b d best. At least for a pure vegetarian like me
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February 26,2015
want one of your outlets in ahemdabad too
Hi... I am from Ahemdabad (Gujarat) and your food is simply awesome. I just miss 5 spice in Ahemdabad I wish you open one of your outlets in Ahemdabad soon.
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Amanda dsouza
February 20,2015
LOVE the quantity
I've been here many at times.
The quantity that the restaurant serves is absolutely amazing, however their home delivery takes a while.
If you stay around Bandra or study around here, you should try the food here once.
The one thing I don't really enjoy is that if you go right before closing, (20 minutes to be precise) the waiters here start giving you a dirty stare and also you can hear them chatter behind.
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Lillian Mendes
January 31,2015
The 5 spice in bandra is really huge with so many floors for seating! You must go hungry here because the food is so tasty that you will keep eating.. There is always a waiting here no matter what ..The thai pot rice and the chicken in bean sauce are my favourites! The quantity is really awesome in comparison to other places .. And you have to try out their dessert menu! THE DEATH BY CHOCOLATE is the best and you always need to order it in advance because it gets over really quickly!
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Foodosaurus Prachi
January 30,2015
Huge quantity
Amazing chinese food,just the way we like it..all tasty and oily and full of sauces of all kinds..and the quantity here is amazing! We were a group of 4 people and we ordered for thai pot rice and burnt chilly noodles and we couldn't finish it all! And then we had also ordered for mission impossible which we finally had to pack and take home.So just be aware of the quantity here,food is very delicious,ambiance is also good,service could be more prompt.
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Asha Nath
January 23,2015
Just been here once,it serves generous portions, so it is best for ordering in when you have a party at home. It is not authentic Chinese,and it is perfect value for money in terms of Indianized Chinese taste and 1 plate of noodles is enough for 3 people. Try burnt chilly rice, Pan Fried Noodles and American Chopsuey for sure. In desserts, Mission Impossible is all time favourite.
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Nicholas Dias
January 10,2015
Apna all time favourite
5 spice is like lots of food and VFM. the quantity served here is so amazing. I've always sat on the mezzanine floor whether with family or friends.
the food is absolutely delicious and so yumm
the servers are a little grumpy if you enter a little before closing time (obviously they would go home if not for us)
the ambience is cool, you can take your family for a good meal
the price is also very worth it
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December 18,2014
Reasonable Price Big Portions
I went to 5 spice with my friends for a dinner. The food was served in 20 min of ordering and the dishes were all tasty and well prepared. Service was efficient. The best part were the portion sizes. One portion of rice was good for 3 hungry people. Overall, good experience!
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Tabitha Dias
September 21,2014
Good Value for Money, Not for Taste
I've only visited the Bandra outlet once, but from what i can remember, the ambience was good. The portion sizes were excellent, but I found the taste to be a little lacking, not really what I'd imagined Chinese cuisine to taste like. The home delivery was very efficient and quick. If you want a restaurant for a larger party but don't really like the people, 5 Spice is for you.
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Samarth Take
August 21,2014
Good Chinese food!
5 Spice is a great option for tasty value-for-money chinese food with its many outlets across Mumbai. This one in Mahim is okayish for dine-in since the seating is a little congested, however home delivery is very efficient.
5 Spice is renowned for its generous portions, for example a portion of rice can be sufficient for 3 people comfortably. So please be careful when you order. I would recommend the Pot rice - its flavourful and tasty and you can choose to get it with chicken, prawn or veg. The prawn hakka noodles and fried rice are alright. To go with the Pot rice, try the Red pepper fish, its mildly spicy and its tangy taste offsets the flavour of the pot rice.
Surprisingly, the desserts here are quite amazing. Its well known for its 'Mission Impossible' but I would strongly recommend the 'Rocky road' if you like the taste of chocolate brownies like I do.
5 Spice is a great option for ordering food to your home. Its filling portions and yummy desserts make it an option you can rely on.
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Munira NM
July 08,2014
chinese platter
If you love to eat authentic Chinese cuisine then you can eat here as they serve all types of traditional Chinese food dishes.
Mine is chili paneer & Singapore rice. You can also enjoy here with the 3Fs. food, fun & full masti.....
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Bunty Prasad
June 20,2014
Stomach full Chinese
its a real treat for Chinese lovers. the ambiance is really good. the quantity served is huge and enough for 2 people. the food is surely worth the money you pay. the taste is as per our Indian taste. the only problem is u have to wait for long if you don't have a reservation. the desserts are surely amazing. the Belgium chocolate cake and the cheese cakes are worth a try. you would find the service a bit too slow if you are really hungry. the overall service is good.
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Aditi Parkar
June 03,2014
Stomach full Chinese
its a real treat for Chinese lovers. the ambiance is really good. the quantity served is huge and enough for 2 people. the food is surely worth the money you pay. the taste is as per our Indian taste. the only problem is u have to wait for long if you don't have a reservation. the desserts are surely amazing. the Belgium chocolate cake and the cheese cakes are worth a try. you would find the service a bit too slow if you are really hungry. the overall service is good.
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March 18,2014
This one will not disappoint you!
Before I start to talk about the food, the quantity deserves a first here. The place is humongously generous when it comes to quantity. The food tastes very good too. Although a little apprehensive, before we landed there for dinner, since I'd heard about insects being found in their food. Luckily we did not come across any such mishap. The service though is a little slow. Ambiance fairly good when it comes to the seating area. But the washrooms need to be avoided at all costs. 2 chicken soups, an egg fried rice, a burnt garlic chicken fried rice, a fish gravy and iced tea and fresh lime sodas to wash all of it down, 5 people making dinner of the above at 5 spice will do damages worth 2.5 grand
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January 07,2014
Best of all!!
Been here once. It has a very long waiting list probably because of its popularity. This outlet has the best ambience as compared to the others. The food here is very very cheap. And the quality of the food is pretty decent. But the best part is the quantity that you get. One plate of malaysian noodles are enough for atleast two guys with heavy appetite. The deserts are a cherry on the top. You will definitely want to order it again!
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December 17,2013
Good place with decent food, reasonably priced. The chinese here is not out of the world but like regular Chinese which will suit our Indian taste buds, but the amazing thing about the place is the quantity that they serve which is humongous (not kidding) we made a big mistake by underestimating the portions they serve and ended up calling for 3 starters at a stretch and the main course together. but like i said the quantity got better of us and we literally had to pack almost Half of our main course. the desserts are must try here, all eggless and delicious. Cost for 2-700?(with taxes)
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December 03,2013
good one
been here twice.. a good place to have Chinese... the taste is not very Indian Chinese...nor its authentic Chinese... its something in between and that's what i liked about it. the menu is huge for non vegetarians, but even for a vegetarian like me, i had many choices of starters, which tasted good. Even the quantity was good, i like the side salad they serve, i forgot the name of the soups but they were good , also the peach ice tea was very good will surely visit it again. ambience is nothing out of ordinary,, nor they have huge space. but still its worth visiting
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Lizy Dsouza
August 05,2013
worth a visit :)
My first experience with 5 spice is quite a memory. This place made me fall in love with flat Malaysian noodles. The chicken crispy served here was quite rubbery and less crispy or it was just not my day. I had a clear soup which i Dint quite enjoy however the main course and the appetizers that we ordered served the purpose of a sumptuous meal.. The meal here wont create a hole in your pocket and the ambiance is quite delighting... However the service is one thing they need to work upon
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November 10,2012
fantastic food
being an ardent chinese food lover 5 spice is one of my bestest hangout whenever thers an urge to eat authentic chinese cuisine....i simply love everythng dat dey serve..be it veggies, prawns, chicken all very tantalizing to the taste buds...i simply love their red hot chicken and wantons..their pattya prawns are to die for and not missing out on their desserts i simply love their rocky road and mission impossible.... overall all a complete chinese dining experience..
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September 07,2012
Absouletely disgusting
Last weekend we went for dinner and never again will we step into that place. It was 10.45 when we stepped in .. ordered our soup and starters .. and some drinks ... The drinks took 45 mins to come after repeated reminders . I kept asking for the Kimchi .. I informed them that one of my family member has medical conditions and needs to eat soemthing quickly .. he did not respond . When I insisted on the kimchi he informed us that its over and they are preparing for more . But when they served us kimchi with tomato sauce with Tabasco . The waiter recommended a chicken dish inspite of us categorically telling him that we do not want any sweet sauce . The sapo chicken was tasteless and oily. The waiter informed us that they had no fish left and its over . The chicken was just boiled and added in the sauce. The egg fried rice had pcs of omelette . It was an ordeal to get the waiters attention .. they all grouped up in a corner and were chatting away . I would not recommend anybody to visit this place even if u r not a Chinese food fan .Its sad that in a location like Pali .. the service , food cannot be given any rating . Me and my family have decided never to step into this place ever .
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July 26,2012
Good place to spice things up
Been here quite a few times.Love the food here.They have a really huge menu so I always look to try something new.While the menu is moderately priced the food here is more than value for money as the portion size is really huge.They also have really good desserts.I love the cheesecake they have and always order it when i go there.Hope the quality remains the same.Keep it up guys
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May 31,2012
Satisfied! :)
The paneer starters are the best i have ever tasted! Even the burnt chilly veg rice is different and nice. But the best was the dessert - Mission Impossible. Wow! The food tasted really good and the quantities were huge! So order one by one and dont order too much at once! Would like to go back to this place for some amazing chinese food.
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April 28,2012
The best among all the other 5spice restaurants
Chinese food in it's best Indian avatar. Though 5spice does not offer 'authentic' chinese food, it serves a lot of variety that will appeal to any Indian instantly. Also, the desserts here are a must try. A meal for 2, complete with a starter, main course and dessert would cost around 1000rs. And not to forget their huge portions. The service, ambiance and food quality are very good. A recommended restaurant.
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October 10,2008
Been here a number of times, sometimes for group parties and sometimes for a casual dinner with friends and I should say this place deserves a big applause.
The food is simply amazing and the quantity is more than filling. Rs. 250 each for a gravy and rice/noodles which 3 people can share easily is quite something. and when it tasted so good with a decent ambience, its simply gr8 VFM.
Drinks are decently priced as well. Service is slack sometimes on weekends and i dont know why the manager keeps switching off the A/C for 10-15 mins after every half hour.
Probably thats where is loses that one star for me.
Overall gr8 place for "Fancy Indian style Chinese".
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Ankit Kapadia
October 29,2007
Nice Ambience, good music, excellent food
Considering the fact that we did not have a booking on a Sunday evening, I was surprised to get a table for 4 within 15 mins. This was my 3rd visit to this place, and i must say it gets better all the time. The food, in terms of quality and quantity, was excellent. VFM for sure. However, the only thing that bothered me was thier service. It took 20 odd mins for the 2nd round order to arrive. It took them over 10 mins just to get my credit card back. Overall, a nice place to eat. A "must try atleast once" place.
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October 26,2007
Maybe my expectation level was too high...?
After the several positive reviews that I read on this site, I just couldn't wait to try this place out. So off we went on this Friday afternoon. The place was reasonably crowded with a gang of college girls celebrating a birthday and another group of women obviously having a kitty party. We were told that the non-smoking section does not open for lunch.The chicken lemon grass soup was very, very good but the portion size left me disappointed. I'd read (on this site) about their mammoth portions...well, we ordered two soups for three of us and each of us got only half a small bowl. Maybe they gave us one by three...We tried the chicken fe wontons (very unusual and tasty), garlic rice (this one reaffirmed what my fellow burrp-ites had said; the portion size was HUGE and we barely finished half) and chicken spicy pot (not bad but nothing to write home about). Unfortunately, the meal left us with no room for desserts. I dunno about the VFM bit - a relatively spartan meal for three cost us Rs. 845. Not bad for Bandra, I know, but not exactly cheap either.Overall, we had a good meal but either I had set too high expectations from this place or something's come loose. Let me put it this way. If I was in the area and wanted a decent Chinese meal I'd go back, but wouldn't drive all the way from Powai like I did today.
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October 19,2007
VFM at its yummiest
After reading all the good reviews here, there is really not much to be said...just citing my experience in short - After getting so many recommendations for 5 Spice- Pali, Bandra - I finally went there for lunch with a friend -The food is AMAZING and i haven't seen quantities as LARGE as these ever - what we ordered for 2 can easily be devoured by FOUR OR FIVE people...We ordered -Veg Fe Wontons - Fried crispy wontons in a red gravy with lots of shredded veggies, absolutely delicious, but must be devoured immediately, you cannot doggie bag this one.Burnt Chilly Fried Rice - all this recommended by my friend who is a regular here...one of the best fried rice i have ever eaten, with plenty of fried big red chillies (something like the tambram Mor Molagai which we have with curd rice) . This is so good you can have it all by itself. It is literally a mountain of rice - will need 5 hungry ppl to finish it all.Mushrooms in Hunan Sauce - this was an OK dish, nothing out of the world as compared to the burnt chilly rice.TO polish all of this - Death by Chocolate, soft decadent chocolate pastry, drizzled generously with chocolate sauce served with a scoop of dark chocolate icecream.All this for 600 bucks, with more than half parceled home for dinner..If you haven't eaten here, you sure have missed something!
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Miheer Talpade
December 25,2006
The wildest Desserts
Well this place has awesome food thats true. he servings are huge. A plate of rice is quite sufficient for 3 people Forget all this, lets go to the desserts. It has a wide array of desserts. The Blueberry Cheese Cake is to die for Want more, try "Mission impossible One serving is sufficient for 4 people
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Melissa of La de Da Photography was kind enough to share this romantic newlywed session. Leave it to the Midwest photographers to capture adorable couples in cornfields during the Fall.
Flowers, hair and make-up were styled by your event unveiled. The bride wore her wedding gown and hair piece from her wedding day. And, of course, included the old player piano. How can you not drool over the yummy sunlight in these photos? Le swoon!
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[…] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Melissa. Melissa said: RT @LandlockedBride: {On the blog} music inspired newlywed shoot http://ht.ly/1aHL4C […]
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A Piano!!? How awesome is that!
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Ooh, that bouquet is stunning!
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Xerath Build Guide by angrepskongen
This build has been archived and is for historical display only.
PLEASE NOTE: This build has been archived by the author. They are no longer supporting nor updating this build and it may have become outdated. As such, voting and commenting have been disabled and it no longer appears in regular search results.
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Xerath Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
EDIT: I have tryd the new xerath, atm i really dont like it, might change my mind after a few more games, but i doubt i will update this guide anymore. All the content to this guide is pre-rework.
This a guide to botlane Xerath guide. I started playing AP killlanes when i was gold 5. I have now goten to diamond and Xerath is my most played champion with 365+ rankedgames. I have 3 pentas with him in ranked this season and my win ratio is around 60%
The reason i play him so much is because of his high skill cap, how well he snowballs, and how powerful you feel teamfights.
I also want to mention that what i call AP killlanes is APcarrys and supports botlane.
Pros / Cons
Runes and Masteries
Greater Mark of Magic Penetration
Greater Seal of Armor
Greater Glyph of Ability Power
Greater Quintessence of Ability Power
Something that is nice with sending AP champs against AD is that seals are less good for magic damage, and good for armor. While Glyphs, what is good for AP, dosen't have to be used for magic resist.
I also want to mention that AP/level glyphs and magic penetration quints works well.
I use 21/0/9. You need the damage you get from 21 offensive points, and i prefer having Meditation and Summoner's Insight . I guess 21/6/3 could work, but in my opinion you need the 3 points in mana/5.
Starting items
I start with Doran's Ring and 2x , as it gives both mana/5, ap and hp. For trinket i prefer the yellow warding trinket. Many supports dosent get as many wards at level 1 anymore, and its nice to be able to help them out.
Core Items
The core items for Xerath is Haunting Guise, Sorcerer's Shoes and a Needlessly Large Rod. I would recommend building them in this order, but sometimes it's good to get tier 2 boots before haunting guise.
These items give you both the magic penetration, and the ability power you need. needlessly large rod also build into your first big item, Zhonya's Hourglass or Rabadon's Deathcap. Normally it will be deatcap, but it depends on the teamcomp you play against. If you play against AD heavy comps, and/or against champions with ultis that is easy to dodge with (exsamples of that are Requiem, Death Mark and Chum the Waters) then that is the best option, if not I buy the zonyas later.
Against champions like leona, annie and other magicdamage based champions Chalice of Harmony is a good buy. I would normally buy it right before or right after my Needlessly Large Rod
What tinket you should get lategame depends on what champions you play against and how well the game is going. Against champions like Kha'Zix its a good idea to pick up Oracle's Lens or Greater Vision Totem. If that isnt the case then i normaly go for the Greater Stealth Totem.
My fullbuild, not icluding trinket, is almost always
|Item Sequence
Rabadon's Deathcap
Athene's Unholy Grail
Zhonya's Hourglass
Void Staff
Liandry's Torment
Situational Items could be Guardian Angel, Banshee's Veil and Rylai's Crystal Scepter
Team Composition (Synergies / Counters)
One of the best things with xerath is that he does well with any teamcomp, whitch is good in solo Q.
Your team picked Tryndamere, Shen or Twisted Fate? You have a splitpush comp. have really good waveclear, and does well in 4vs4 and 4vs5 fights.
Your team picked Orianna, Wukong or Amumu? Then you have a AoE comp. has 4 AoE spels with a total of 2.4 Ap scale, all you need is a bit if CC.
Your team picked Nidalee, Jayce or Lux? You now have a good poke comp. At level 13 and LOCUS OF POWER both has a 3 sec CD, and makes strong in pokecomps
This is also something that helps you when you play ranked 5. You can pick Xerath, your opponents will counter it as if its midlane, then you can counter their midlaner, and get a teamcomp that build around the camp you used mid. And it will always work well with the pick.
I think the champions synergies best with (teamcomp, not laning) is AoE champs like and , and poke champs like and . I play most duo Q, and AoE comps and poke comps are easier to execute in solo Q then splitpushing.
Lane Phase / Early Game
Finaly ready for some gameplay!
Your general goal is to play aggressive in lane. Your first big power spike is level 6 and/or when you get Haunting Guise. I'm going to give you some gameplay to watch so you can see a decently executed laningphase. All clips are platinum solo Q, late season3.
Though in my opinion there is no really bad matchup for Xerath, there are some champs that are harder to play against then others. Sivir and Graves is probably the hardest ad carry's to play against in lane. Of the support Annie is the worst one to play against, Leona and Alistar would probably be 2nd and 3rd. Again, these matchups are harder, but not impossible.
But when you look at easy lanes for Xerath, there are a LOT of them. Champions that get countered by Xerath includes Varus, Ashe, Draven, Caitlyn and Miss Fortune of the AD carry's, and Sona, Nami, Lulu and Janna of the supports.
A important thing to remember is that you have a support, and the support you pick effects how strong or weak a champ is against your lane. Leona is not that good against Janna, while Taric and Lulu makes it easier to lane against Ezreal and Caitlyn. Blitzcrank is good against champions without jump, and Thresh is good against CC heavy lanes.
Mid-late Game/ Team Fighting
Whenever you get a kill or two in lane, or your midlaner get a kill, you should look towards dragon. You have the strongest mid game, and you should try to use it to get objectives. If you and your support go mid and help your midlane push, you will in almost always be able to get the outerturret. Try to make as much impact on the map as possible, two dragon and bot and mid tower makes a big difference!
When teamfights starts, make sure to position in the back of your team. You want to stay out of range for CC abilitys and assassins. Having a wall between you and the fight is sometimes a good idea.
Don't be afraid of initiating or picking of somebody before the fight starts. If you're behind, the best way to pull of a comeback is catching somebody, and then initiate. Yes your ulti will be on cooldown, but fighting 4vs5 gives your team a huge advantage.
As you can see in this video, in both of the clips we were far behind, we played against teams with good lategame champs, and we would probably have lost both of those games if I had been afraid of using my ulti on a single target.
Though most carry's should focus whatever's in range, and just try to stay safe, I would recommend not doing so on Xerath. You have a kit that makes you able to do so, especially after you have voidstaf. But I normally try to make sure I can get my ulti combo of on 2/3 targets, preferably on atleast one of the main damagesorces on the other team.
Yes, this is the opposite of what I said in the previous paragraph, but there is a difference between using it before a teamfight, and during a teamfight. If the lux already had landed her combo, then I killed her, it would not have been worth it to use my combo for a single target against a team with 3 damage threats.
after teamfights
This is as important as teamfighting. If your team end up recaling afther a 5 for 0 fight, you`re doing somthing wrong. Unless you have a mid/top/jungler with high baron damage, I would recommend staying away from baron. You lack baron damage, and you should focus on getting towers and inhibitors. Bluebuff is also a nice objective after taking a turret if you cant keep pushing, or if you didnt win the fight as clear, and you think the other team can defend their turrets.
Late Game
Lategame teamfights is similar to midgame teamfights, but there is one big difference. You might end up as the only relevant damagesource. If so, you will need to pick your targets perfectly. If the other team has several damagethreats, then you can't use your ulti unless you see a good opportunity for getting several of them.
The clips are from the same two games as i used for the video above. Here we are still 10kish behind in gold.
When you get to lategame, if you play against assassins, make sure that your support protect you. Especially if you're not used to positioning yourself as xerath. It's not your supports fault if you die, but make sure he knows it's his main focus to keep you alive.
Hope you found this guide interesting, and that you end up testing Xerath, GL to everyone that does that! However, play your first few games in normal, so you know what you`re doing before you play in ranked.
If you have any question then just post them in the comments, I would love some discussion there! Interested in your thoughts on playing with AP carry insted of AD carry botlane.
Edit: been playing a bit of xerath after the preseason change. Not much have changed, but the gude is updated and should be ok now. Happy to see that so many have seen, and upvoted the guide. If anyone wants to learn more about Xerath botlane, and get some help from me while doing so, feel free to add me on EUW and I will try to make time to help anyone interested.


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Cubes, Pads, Flags
Sticky Flags In Pocket Case
Spiral Book With Sticky Notes And Flags
Sticky Book
Sticky Notes And Flags In Business Card Case
Sticky Notes And Flags In Pocket Case
Multi-Use Desk Set
Eco-Inspired Notebook With Pen
Spiral Jotter With Sticky Notes, Flags & Pen
Eco-Inspired Desk Needs Set
Square Leather Look Case Of Sticky Notes With C...
Small Spiral Notebook With Sticky Notes And Flags
Essence Bamboo Desk Buddy
Leather Look Case Of Sticky Notes With Calendar
Office Buddy Cube
Promotional Speech Bubble Note & Flag Set
Memo Pad and Pen Holder
Sherpas Pen, Note & Flag Set
Sherpas Media / Card Stand
Sherpas World Design Sticky Notes Book
Junior Notebook with Pen & Stickies
Sticky Notes & Flags Notebook
Desktop Set
Notebook with Sticky Notes & Flags
Mini Notebook with Pen & Flags
Cubes, Pads & Flags might sound like a strategic role playing game, but truth be told this is no roll of the dice. Having a promotional campaign that works is the only game in town, and with custom cubes, pads & flags, you are going to come up a winner every time.
We're talking about all those small ways to make notes, take down phone numbers, pass information to another person, mark pages, and highlight bits of information. Particular to most of these forms of promotional materials is the fact that they are meant to be torn, peeled, stuck, restuck, placed and reused. Mobile messaging, am I right?
Square message pads are referred to as cubes because of their shape, but also because your personalized company logo or message can be printed on multiple sides (on the writing surface and along the sides of the cube). Pads are any kind of notepad. In this case, many of them have sticky backs, which makes it easy to peel and stick messages where they need to go so you can remember them later or place them strategically to pass along information to family, friends, and coworkers. Flags are the smallest of sticky notes, meant to mark or highlight pages, or lines in a contract or document.
You are going to be blown away by all the ways you can bring a smile to a customer's face with these micro note-taking resources. You truly can promote yourself with a product that the client or customer has never seen before.
At Promo Sherpas, we want to help you put your name in the hearts and minds of your clients with all these miniature note-taking products. Take a look at our creative inventory and numerous options. Talk to us online or give us a call at 844-277-5950! We can't wait to help your promotional really stick!


text:
Hiking and Camping in the snow :-)
La Roche Travel Blog› entry 1 of 1 › view all entries
The second weekend of March 2006 my friends and I went winter camping in the Belgium Ardennes, the French part of the country. Thursday night we came together in Nijmegen, where one of my friends lived. After leaving all our stuff at her place we went to the city centre for shoppings and and the bars.
We bought all kinds of food to survive a weekend camping in the snow: energy bars, pasta, sausages, jelly, cheese, eggs and more stuff... If you see the pics, you'll see we made good combinations for dinner :p pasta with sausages, some vegetables, soup and baked bananas, because they didn't survived the trip... and rice with hot dogs, vegetables and soup...
Early Friday morning we took the train from Nijmegen to Maastricht to Liege to Namur to Hotton-Melreux, this took us a couple of hours.
Our hiking and camping trip started in the nice village of La Roche. First things first: lunch in a bar. We only had to walk three hours on Friday. Not much snow yet. But the weather was stormy...
We started walking and around 5pm we found a good spot to set up the two small tents we took with us. In a small and dark forest. With our headlights we finished the camp and started to prepare dinner. When you hungry, everything taste well!
Nowhere in Belgium you're far away from villages. In the Ardennes there are villages every where.
We found a bar in a nearby village (I forgot the name), played some games, had some beers, and planned the directions for the next day. When we left the bar it was snowing! Whoohoo! That's what we came for! Arriving back at the camp, the area was pretty white already.
Unfortunately in the morning (Saturday) it was all gone and the weather was bad! It started raining, but after an hour or two, it started snowing again! On our way we saw a "shop" with a sign: French fries. That would make a nice lunch... I went inside and in my best French I ordered five plates of French Fries. The lady took us into the garage, were we could eat. After fifteen minutes, still no fries.
The owner opened the bar. The people who where inside just came back from a funeral. But looking at us, he decided to let us in. But only if we were quiet. Oke, that's a deal. We got some sandwiches and tomato soup for free! We were not allowed to pay at all. After half an hour we left again after thanking the owner.
We only had two more hours before it was dark. We'd speed up a little more and made it to the spot where we wanted to camp for the second night.
After dinner, singing stupid songs and doing the dishes with some snow we went to a nearby village, and yes went to a bar again for games, beers and planning the last day.
Waking up early Sunday morning was great! It had been really cold that night, -15 degrees Celcius and the tents were covered with a layer of ice. But the sun was shining and the acre was completely white! It was beautiful!
We made scambled eggs for breakfast with hot chocolate milk, packed the tents and headed back to La Roche.
We went back the same way as we came. Bus to Hotton-Melreux and from there the train to Namur, Liege, Maastricht and Nijmegen... It was a great trip! We walked about 55 km this weekend. Not so much, but it was more about the fun and winter camping, then about crossing the Belgium Ardennes. Next year again!


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 23, 1982
|Filing date
|Jun 9, 1980
|Priority date
|Jun 18, 1979
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Norio Hasegawa, Naoki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Yanazawa
|Original Assignee
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (17), Classifications (34)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a photoetching method, and more particularly to a photoetching method which can form, for example, microscopic interconnections of semiconductor devices without degrading the bonding characteristics of such interconnections.
As is well known, aluminum is most extensively employed as an interconnection material for various semiconductors. The reasons for using aluminum are a high conductivity, a low cost, a low boiling point that allows a thin film to be readily formed by the vacuum evaporation, an easy etching, etc. An interconnection employing aluminum is usually formed by the technique of photolithography as described below.
An aluminum film is deposited by the vacuum evaporation on the whole area of the surface of a silicon substrate, an insulating film or the like on which the interconnection is to be formed, and a photoresist film is further deposited thereon. The photoresist film has its desired parts exposed to light through an expedient such as the use of a mask for exposure, and is thereafter developed to form a resist pattern. Using the resist pattern as a mask, the exposed parts of the aluminum film are removed by a dry or a wet etching process. Lastly, the resist pattern is removed. Then, the interconnection having a desired pattern is formed.
However, when the interconnection of a semiconductor device or the like is formed of aluminum, problems as stated below occur.
When an alloying treatment is carried out by heating in order to establish the electrical contact between the aluminum and the silicon substrate, the aluminum permeates into the silicon substrate due to the solid-phase diffusion reaction between the silicon substrate and the aluminum. In case where a diffused layer within the silicon substrate is thin, the aluminum having permeated penetrates through the diffused layer easily and gives rise to a junction short. Moreover, the cross-sectional area of the aluminum interconnection diminishes, so that electromigration is liable to occur.
Aluminum has a high reflectivity to light. Therefore, when it is overlaid with a photoresist film and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays, standing waves are generated within the photoresist film by reflected light from the aluminum film. As a result, the sharpness of the pattern to be obtained lowers drastically, which renders it difficult to accurately form the microscopic interconnection pattern.
In order to solve such problems, there has been proposed a method wherein a silicon film is deposited on the whole area of an aluminum film, the silicon film and the aluminum film are selectively removed by photoetching, to form a pattern, and the resultant structure is thereafter heated (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Specification No. 49-84788).
With this method, owing to the heating after the formation of the pattern, the silicon film overlying the aluminum film is thermally diffused into the aluminum film, and the solid solubility limit of silicon within aluminum is fulfilled, so that the aluminum does not enter the silicon substrate. In addition, the reflection at the exposure to light is reduced.
In order to satisfy the solid solubility limit of silicon in aluminum, however, the thickness of the silicon film deposited on the aluminum film needs to be at least 100 nm. When such a thick silicon film is deposited and then heated, the density of silicon in the surface of the aluminum film becomes remarkably high even after completing the thermal diffusion. As a result, in bonding the interconnection (at a later stage of the manufacture of the semi-conductor device), a very inferior bonding takes place.
In order to prevent such degradation of the bonding characteristics, the thickness of the silicon film to be deposited on the aluminum film may be reduced so as to lower the silicon density in the surface of the aluminum film.
With the thin silicon film, however, the silicon film is fully diffused into the aluminum film by a baking (at 100�-300� C.) before the application of photoresist for enhancing the adherence of the photoresist film and a prebaking (at 100�-300� C.) of the photoresist film before the exposure to light, so that the silicon film does not serve for the prevention of the reflection at the exposure to light.
In case where any defect has arisen in the process of the photoetching, the application of the photoresist film and the subsequent steps are carried out again. In this case, the removal of the defective photoresist film is ordinarily performed by oxygen-plasma etching. When the silicon film is thin, it is entirely diffused into the aluminum film on account of a temperature rise at this stage and does not serve for the prevention of the reflection, either.
On the other hand, to the end of preventing the diffusion of aluminum into a silicon substrate, there has been proposed a method wherein an interconnection is formed by employing instead of aluminum an Al-Si alloy which contains silicon to the extent of 2 weight-% (U.S. Pat. No. 3,382,568).
The Al-Si alloy, however, has a reflectivity to ultraviolet rays as high as 50-95%. Therefore, when it is overlaid with a photoresist film and the resultant structure is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, standing waves appear and these waves make it very difficult to accurately form a microscope pattern.
An object of this invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to provide a photoetching method which can prevent reflection at exposure to light and precisely form a microscopic interconnection without degrading the bonding characteristics of the interconnection.
In order to accomplish the object, this invention forms an interconnection by employing an Al-Si alloy as the material for the interconnection and depositing a thin silicon film thereon.
FIGS. 1(a) through 1(e) provide a flow chart showing one embodiment of this invention; and
FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show microphotographs illustrative of an effect of this invention.
The invention will be described in detail in connection with the following embodiments, wherein:
In FIGS. 1(a) to 1(e) the various stages or steps that are followed by an embodiment of this invention are illustrated. Although FIGS. 1(a)-1e) illustrate a part of a device in which an interconnection is formed on an insulating film, it will be appreciated that the interconnection is in direct contact with a silicon substrate in some other parts of the device.
First, as shown in FIG. 1(a), an SiO2 film 2 having a thickness of approximately 500 nm is deposited on a silicon substrate 1 by a conventional process such as thermal oxidation, and an Al-Si alloy film 3 having a thickness of 800 nm is deposited on the SiO2 film by the vacuum evaporation usually employed. Preferably, the quantity of silicon to be contained in the Al-Si alloy film 3 is 1.0-3.0% by weight which is the solid solubility limit at a heating temperature used for forming a contact. This Al-Si alloy film can be very easily formed in a manner similar to that of an aluminum film by the use of an Al-Si alloy containing 1.0-3.0% by weight of silicon and through the conventional vacuum evaporation.
As shown in FIG. 1(b), a silicon film 4 having a thickness of 50 nm is deposited by a conventional process such as evaporation and sputtering. This silicon film 4 is a reflection reducing film for preventing the reflection of ultraviolet rays by the surface of the Al-Si alloy film 3 during the step of exposing it to light. Accordingly, it is only required to be capable of preventing the reflection of the projected light, and it does not need to be very thick and it will suffice if a thickness of approximately 20 nm or more is provided.
Before applying photoresist, the substrate is baked at 200� C. for 20 minutes. The photoresist ("AZ1350J" produced by Shipley Inc.) is applied onto the whole surface of the substrate, and is prebaked at about 100� C. for 10 minutes. Thereafter, exposure and development are carried out in accordance with a conventional method. Then, a photoresist pattern 5 shown in FIG. 1(c) is formed. In this case, the silicon film 4 functions effectively as the reflection reducing film. By way of example, it has been found that the reflectivity to ultraviolet rays of the Al-Si alloy film 3 which had been approximately 50-95% was lowered to approximately 10% owing to the silicon film 4. Regarding the silicon film 4 to be deposited on the Al-Si alloy film 3, both a polycrystalline film and an amorphous film were effective.
Using as a mask the photoresist pattern 5 thus formed, exposed parts of the silicon film 4 and the Al-Si alloy film 3 are etched and removed as shown in FIG. 1(d). The etching in this case may well rely on a wet type chemical etching process employing an etchant, but the use of the reactive sputter etching process is more favorable because etching at a higher fidelity is possible. Reactive sputter etching can be executed without hindrance by the use of a known "parallel-plate" plasma reactor described in, for example, T. O. Herdon et al., "Plasma Etching of Aluminum", Kodak Microelectronics Seminar Proceedings, Interface 1977, pages 33-41.
After removing the photoresist pattern 5 with a conventional process, the silicon film 4 is removed. Then, the interconnection pattern 3 made of the Al-Si alloy film is formed as illustrated in FIG. 1(e). Although the removal of the silicon film 4 may employ the wet type chemical etching procedure employing an HF-HNO3 -based etchant, it is preferable to use the plasma etching procedure in which the atmosphere is a gas containing freon or a reactive sputter etching.
When the silicon film 4 is made thin, it does not always need to be removed by etching or the like after the Al-Si alloy film 3 has been etched. In such case, after having etched the Al-Si alloy film 3, the substrate may be heated at about 350� to 500� C. for 10 minutes or longer so as to diffuse silicon into the Al-Si alloy film. Even with this measure, insofar as the silicon film 4 is thin, the quantity of silicon to enter the Al-Si alloy film 3 is slight, and a layer containing excess silicon is not formed in the surface. Therefore, it is not feared that the bonding characteristics will degrade.
As apparent from the above description, according to this invention, the silicon film deposited on the Al-Si alloy film reduces sharply the reflection of ultraviolet rays at the exposure, and hence, the resolution of the photoetching is enhanced, so that a very good pattern is formed.
More specifically, in FIG. 2(a) a microphotograph of a photoresist pattern which was obtained by this invention is shown. It is clearly recognized that resist patterns 10 each having a width of 1 μm were formed at intervals of 1 μm in a very good condition, and that even when a convex part existed in the underlying layer, a disconnection or the like did not occur and that no hindrance was incurred. On the other hand, in FIG. 2(b) a case where a photoresist film of the same type as used in FIG. 1 (d) was deposited directly on an Al-Si alloy film without depositing a silicon film on the Al-Si alloy film and where photoresist patterns each having a width of 1 μm were formed at intervals of 1 μm.
As apparent of FIG. 2(b) the photoresist patterns 11 formed without depositing the silicon film underwent a contact between the adjacent patterns and a disconnection on a convex part or at a stepped part. It is needless to say that such photoresist patterns cannot be put into practical use, and the remarkable effectiveness of the reflection reducing film upon exposure is clear. After a photoresist film has been applied onto the surface of a material to-be-etched, e.g. silicon, a heat treatment at temperatures of about 100�-300� C. is usually performed before exposure to light in order to increase the adhesion between the photoresist film and the material surface and the strength of the photoresist film.
This heat treatment is called "prebaking". When a silicon film, deposited on aluminum, is thin, it becomes useless as a reflection reducing film because silicon is diffused into the aluminum by prebaking. Therefore, the silicon film cannot be made very thin.
In order for the silicon film to effectively function as the reflection reducing film when aluminum is used for a film for an interconnection, the thickness of the silicon film deposited on the aluminum needs to be approximately 100 nm or above. With such a thick silicon film, however, the silicon is not completely diffused even by a heat treatment for alloying to be executed later, and a layer having a very high content of silicon is formed in the surface. The presence of such surface layer renders the bonding characteristics very inferior, and renders the aluminum film unfeasible as the interconnection.
That is, when aluminum is used as the material of the interconnection and has the silicon film deposited thereon, it is very difficult to successfully perform both the prevention of the light reflection upon exposure and bonding for the formation of the interconnection. Even when the thickness of the silicon film is varied, prevention of the reflection and proper bonding characteristics cannot both be achieved.
In contrast, according to this invention, the silicon film is deposited on the Al-Si alloy film, and hence, the diffusion of the silicon film into the Al-Si alloy film does not take place due to the heat treatment at approximately 100�-300� C. in the prebaking. Therefore, the silicon film deposited on the surface of the Al-Si alloy film does not disappear due to the prebaking and functions effectively as a reflection reducing film.
Since the silicon film to be deposited for the prevention of the reflection is not found to diffuse due to prebaking, this silicon film may be thin. It is sufficient to provide a film thickness of approximately 20 nm or greater, but not more than 100 nm. Owing to this thin silicon film, when after placing the silicon film and the Al-Si alloy film into a desired shape by the photoetching, a heat treatment at approximately 400� C. is carried out in order to alloy the contact area between the interconnection and the substrate and to enhance the adherence of the interconnection with the substrate, the silicon film is completely diffused into the Al-Si alloy film. Therefore, any film containing silicon in a large quantity is not formed in the surface of the interconnection, and the bonding can be carried out without hindrance.
It is to be understood that, for these reasons, this invention is much more excellent than the prior art method wherein the silicon film is deposited on the aluminum film or wherein the Al-Si alloy film is used alone.
In this invention, it is a matter of course that the silicon film may be completely removed by etching after having formed the interconnection pattern. Since the silicon film for use in this invention may be very thin as described above, it can be very easily removed even with the etching.
To the end of lowering the reflectivity to ultraviolet rays during an exposure step, it has been proposed in the production of a magnetic bubble memory device to deposit a chromium oxide film on a permalloy film and to form a permalloy pattern by the use of the ion milling.
In this invention, when such chromium oxide film is employed as the reflection reducing film instead of the silicon film, the chromium oxide film needs to be perfectly removed after the projection of the light in order to prevent the bonding characteristics from degrading. However, the perfect removal of the chromium oxide is difficult. Therefore, not only the degradation of the bonding characteristics is inevitable, but also the characteristics of the semiconductor device are believed to be adversely affected in various respects by the remaining chromium. For these reasons, it is unfavorable to use the chromium oxide film as the reflection reducing film in the present invention.
In contrast to the chromium oxide film, the silicon film in this invention can be formed very easily by the vacuum evaporation. Moreover, since the silicon film may be very thin, it does not always need to be removed by etching after having formed the interconnection pattern, and it may be heated to approximately 400� C. so as to be diffused into the interconnection pattern. Thus, the manufacturing process becomes very simple, and the possible degradation of the bonding characteristics is not considered because the quantity of silicon to be diffused into the interconnection pattern is very small owing to the thinness of the silicon film. It is apparent that even when silicon remains to some extent, it has no influence on the characteristics of the semiconductor device unlike heavy metals such as chromium. This invention, therefore, is more excellent than the various methods having hitherto been proposed.
In this invention, the silicon content of the Al-Si alloy film should preferably be approximately 1.0-3.0 weight-%. When the silicon content is less than 1.0%, the diffusion of aluminum into the substrate and the junction-through ascribable thereto occur. When it is more than 3.0% by weight, phenomena unfavorable for the interconnection such as an increase in the electric resistance and the appearance of cracks are liable to occur.
The thickness of the interconnection pattern is approximately 400 nm-1.5 μm in case of ordinary semiconductor integrated circuits and large-scale integrated circuits. According to this invention, interconnections each having a width of 1 μm and spaced at intervals of 1 μm could be formed without hindrance by the use of Al-Si alloy films which had thicknesses within the aforementioned range.
Since the silicon film to overlie the Al-Si alloy film is deposited for the prevention of the reflection, it does not need to have a great thickness and a thickness of or above approximately 20 nm suffices as described before. When the silicon film is too thick (i.e., if it exceeds approximately 100 nm), it becomes difficult of being fully diffused even when heated to about 400� C. after the formation of the interconnection pattern, and hence, it is preferable to avoid making the thickness above 100 nm. If the thickness lies within a range 20-100 nm, the formation of the interconnection pattern and the subsequent bonding are not hindered, and an excellent interconnection is formed.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 19, 1968
|Sep 28, 1971
|Semiconductor devices with lines and electrodes which contain 2 to 3 percent silicon with the remainder aluminum
|Nov 29, 1972
|May 6, 1975
|Method for fabricating aluminum interconnection metallurgy system for silicon devices
|Aug 23, 1976
|Dec 13, 1977
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Process for forming a ledge-free aluminum-copper-silicon conductor structure
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 31, 1981
|Sep 27, 1983
|Fujitsu Limited
|Process for manufacturing a semiconductor device having a non-porous passivation layer
|Aug 26, 1981
|Apr 10, 1984
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Plasma etching apparatus
|Aug 12, 1987
|Mar 7, 1989
|General Electric Co.
|Photolithography over reflective substrates comprising a titanium nitride layer
|Feb 22, 1988
|Aug 15, 1989
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Method of making an ion-implanted bonding connection of a semiconductor integrated circuit device
|Mar 23, 1988
|Oct 24, 1989
|Elron Electronic Industries, Ltd.
|Fabrication of customized integrated circuits
|Dec 18, 1989
|May 8, 1990
|Avner Pdahtzur
|Personalizable CMOS gate array device and technique
|Feb 25, 1991
|Jun 15, 1993
|Ibm Corporation
|Bilayer metallization cap for photolithography
|Nov 22, 1993
|Oct 25, 1994
|Midwest Research Institute
|Dry texturing of solar cells
|Jan 18, 1994
|Jul 4, 1995
|Midwest Research Institute
|Fabrication of optically reflecting ohmic contacts for semiconductor devices
|Apr 26, 1994
|Jan 2, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Protection of aluminum metallization against chemical attack during photoresist development
|Oct 15, 1996
|Mar 24, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Protection of aluminum metallization against chemical attack during photoresist development
|Nov 8, 1996
|Apr 27, 1999
|Midwest Research Institute
|High efficiency low cost thin film silicon solar cell design and method for making
|Mar 11, 1999
|Feb 20, 2001
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Deposition of an oxide layer to facilitate photoresist rework on polygate layer
|May 13, 1998
|Mar 13, 2001
|Midwest Research Institute
|High efficiency, low cost, thin film silicon solar cell design and method for making
|Dec 29, 2000
|Oct 22, 2002
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Method of fabricating semiconductor components
|Jun 16, 1999
|Jan 6, 2000
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Method for producing semiconductor components
|Jun 16, 1999
|Oct 3, 2002
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Method for producing semiconductor components
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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by Alasdair Macleod, GoldMoney:
Or how central bankers are ducking the wealth transfer issue
Central banks must be increasingly aware that critics of monetary policy are getting some traction in their arguments, that not only have monetary policies failed in their objectives, but they are creating counterproductive economic distortions as well. Chief among these is the transfer of wealth that comes with monetary debasement. Central bankers have always glossed over this issue, which if made to stick would undermine monetary policy to the extent that central banks would then have no role in the management of our affairs. Instead, they would be reduced to policing money to make sure it is always sound. At the least, they would have to become Schachts, instead of Havensteins.1
When criticism begins to stick, it is tempting to defend yourself by traducing your critics' arguments instead of trying to understand the criticism. This is what the central banks are now doing, as exemplified by the Bank of England and the ECB. It is an early sign that intellectually, they are on the run.
The central banks' defences are made easier because they can counterclaim benefits that have nothing to do with a specific argument. And monetary intervention causes multiple effects, which in turn vary over different timescales, allowing central bankers to argue virtually anything they choose. Mario Draghi told us in a speech in Berlin last October that jobs have been created. He claims that monetary policy has led to fall in income for the highest earners, while the lowest quintile in the euro area have seen no change (Chart 3), presumably reflecting a fall in unemployment. Those that have suffered most, according to Draghi, are the wealthiest households. In Chart 5 in his speech, he claims everyone is better off under the ECB's stewardship.
One supposes that revolting euro area residents have no cause for complaint under these successful monetary policies, and it's only the undeserving rich who have taken a haircut on their earnings. But critics of statistics, right or wrong, get nowhere, and central bankers know it, even if the truth differs from their claims.
The Bank of England tries to persuade us that on the evidence of the Gini coefficient (which I explain below) its interest rate policies have not contributed to inequality. If this is the case, the intertemporal effects of the increase in the quantity of money and credit resulting from lower interest rates have not materially disadvantaged the poorer members of society, as followers of the Cantillon effect have argued. The Bank also separates out wealth from income, when the two are closely related.
Even Lenin was said by Keynes to have declared that the best way to destroy the capitalist system was to debauch the currency, with which Keynes concurred. The problem for central bankers is that they can understand the principle which admits to the transfer of wealth from ordinary people. But how can they argue that increasing the quantity of money by reducing interest rates does not lead to wealth transfer, and if so, at what point does one rule apply, and the other take over?
The Bank of England side-steps the wealth effect and implies that there is little or no evidence on relative incomes from interest rate policy. This isBen Broadbent, Deputy Governor on 18 November 2016:"…the simple Gini coefficients do tell a story – or rather, perhaps, the absence of one. Structural interest rates don't do much to the distribution of income, most of which reflects the spread of wages".
Admittedly, manipulation of interest rates is only one, albeit the most important aspect of conventional monetary policy. But by taking only one element, Broadbent is deflecting the argument. Furthermore, by referring to the Gini coefficient as being simple, he implies that a more detailed examination might yield different results, so technically, he can claim he is not misleading us.
In his article (linked above), he goes on to admit to changes in wealth, which as we all know must have their basis in the management of interest rates, the foundation of monetary policy. But by referring to changing values in house prices and stock markets, he claims there is little net effect by looking at the peaks in valuation("…either side of the millennium house prices stopped rising. But, like those of equities, they are no higher now than they were a decade ago".)
By selecting suitable statistics, the real issue has been glossed over, and that is the divergence of incomes between the highest and the lowest has increased significantly over the years. This is either due to monetary policy, fiscal policy, or alternatively both. Furthermore, there is a difference in people's eyes between someone who earns a fortune from inventing and producing something which obviously benefits everyone, and a wide-boy who earns a fortune by ripping people off. The latter definition is routinely applied by the public to bankers, licenced by the state to create money, and who do extremely well out of an expansionary monetary policy.
Therefore, the issue behind social inequality is emotionally charged, and needs rational debate. In this article, I attempt to turn the debate from the broad generalisations used by central bankers to defend themselves and their policies, to the real issue: the socially-divisive effects of monetary policy. We will start by looking at the Gini Coefficient, or index.
What is the Gini coefficient/index?
Gini coefficients are presented as a means of comparing income distribution in different jurisdictions, with no further explanation, other than the coefficient is higher or lower, or rising or falling. A rising coefficient (or index if expressed as a percentage) is taken as an indication of increasing inequality, so a higher number would be taken by the Bank of England as evidence that monetary policy might be leading to greater inequality (but the Bank could argue it might be due to other factors).
Chart 1 illustrates the Gini index. The Gini index is expressed as the ratio of the area between the perfect distribution line and the Lorenz curve, and the whole area under the perfect distribution line.
However, it is apparent that the shape of the Lorenz curve is more important than the Gini index, because the same area which it represents can take on different shapes. The Gini index shown in Chart 2 has a different shape from that in Chart 1.
In this chart, the number of people on low incomes is greater than in Chart 1, for the same Gini index. We can therefore conclude that as a measure of changes in income inequality, the Gini index is irreparably flawed. As an index, it suffers from average-itis. It's an average that tells you nothing about how the underlying conditions affect ordinary people.
The reason this is important is because it is cited as evidence by the Bank of England that interest rate policy does not appear to have contributed to inequality. Furthermore, the World Bank estimates that the UK's Gini Index has fallen from 35.93% in 2007 to 32.57% in 2012, its last estimate, taken as confirmation that income inequality appears to have diminished between those years.
Further Gini fallacies
The Gini index is being used by the Bank of England to imply that monetary policy has not led to a transfer of the purchasing power of income from the poor to the rich. The Cantillon effect posits otherwise. The Cantillon effect describes how the first receivers of new money, additional to money already in circulation, benefit from prices yet to reflect its existence in the market, while the last receivers of it find prices have already been driven higher by that new money. Those at the tail-end of monetary policy find the purchasing power of their income and cash reserves has diminished, and they are being effectively taxed, not stimulated as neo-Keynesians would aver. And those in between suffer the same fate, to lesser degrees.
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Description:In this prank, an unsuspecting patient comes into a doctor's office, only to find a sexy maid working there. Well, what is so sexy about her, you ask? Let me tell you…when she bends over to clean, you can see her naked booty! And her legs aren't bad either! Enjoy this and more with your membership to GagsNetwork!
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Kids Bathroom Decor Ideas
Here are the 32 Picture Collection for Kids Bathroom Decor Ideas – How to Choose the Color and Wall Decor for Kids Bathroom. There shouldn't be any complex colors because simple and pure colors are much better for kids mood. 32 picture below include: combinations for the blue color in the children's bathroom, combination of more colors in the children's bathroom, ideas for decorating the walls in the children's bathroom. Your kids should only feel positive emotions when they are in this room so trendy colors isn't always a great choice. Kids Bathroom Decor Ideas For wall decorating you can use a lot of things: funny vinyl stickers, colorful paintings, creative wall tiles and so on. The main rules for choosing a color scheme for a children's bathroom – it's pure tones, all the "complex" tone, and those in which there is an admixture of gray, leave it for himself. This room should call a child's joy and associate only with positive emotions. But when he becomes a teenager – then you can use "adult" colors. Here are 32 kids bathroom decor ideas that could help you create an oasis of happiness in your home. let's check the 32 Kids Bathroom Decor Ideas – How to Choose the Color and Wall Decor for Kids Bathroom with picture below:
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Girl suffers irukandji sting
Broome's stinger season appears to have started a little earlier than usual, with a young girl taken to hospital after being stung by an irukandji at the weekend.
The child was stung while swimming at Gantheame Point about 3:00pm (AWST) on Saturday.
She was taken to the Broome Hospital by her family for treatment but was released shortly after.
The beach was closed after the incident but has since reopened.
Topics: animals, animal-attacks, broome-6725


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For students enrolled in the graduate programs, the resources of Washington are unsurpassed. The following institutions, among many others, are all located within twenty minutes of the university—and most are free to visit. They form an integral component of your experience studying art at American University.
National Gallery of Art
Phillips Collection
Freer Gallery
Renwick Gallery
Museum of African Art
Kreeger Museum
National Building Museum
Folger Library
Archives of American Art
Hirshhorn Museum
National Museum of American Art
Sackler Gallery
Corcoran Gallery of American Art
Dumbarton Oaks
National Museum of Women in the Arts
Library of Congress
National Archives


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The John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, England is acknowledged to be a leading center in the UK for medical excellence. Having been named after John Radcliffe, an 18th century physician, it is the main teaching hospital for Oxford University. The Maternity Unit at the hospital delivers more than 6000 women annually. More than 500 of these are problem pregnancies that are looked after in the Silver Star Unit, which is one of the longest established High Risk Maternity Unit in the UK.
The Silver Star Unit is renowned for its unique approach to looking after problem births. It frequently leads the medical fraternity in new methods of care, which have been adopted in hospitals across the UK as best practice. The unit has now embarked on another project of best practice. It has digitized its specialist patient records from the past 20 years. This is helping them to keep patient information safe, and allows easy and quick access to critical data when time is of the essence.
Doc prescribes Document Management
Complicated cases lead to complicated records. The heart of Silver Star record keeping is a summary document, the Flow-Chart, where the essentials of the care of a woman, sometimes over many months, are summarized in an 'at a glance' format. Many such women return for one or more further pregnancies in which case the previous Flow-Charts give fast access to the details of their previous pregnancies.
Professor Chris Redman, lead doctor at the Silver Star Unit for over 35 years explains, "During pregnancy, doctors and midwives need patient information instantly to deliver the best care. Paper records are bulky, slow to access and are often lost or damaged. Moreover there is only one available per patient so that all members of a multidisciplinary team may not have equivalent access to vital details."
Professor Redman continues "When I started my work at John Radcliffe Hospital back in the 1970s we were working with what were considered state of the art systems. Well, medicine has moved on since then and yet our record systems have not developed. With my retirement a little over a year away, we wanted to get our paper archives digitized before I leave."
A Catalyst for Change
In late 2007 it was decided that the Flow-Sheets should be digitized. The unit looked for a company to supply a system that could safely store two decades of patient data safely in a form where it could be retrieved for clinical care, audit or research. The Professor turned to long time supporter of the Silver Star Unit and Technology Solutions Provider, David Sherwood of Flamble Ltd. to develop a bespoke system.
David Sherwood, Managing Director of Flamble Ltd. explains the challenges that a solution like this poses:
"The major problem with digitizing the Unit's Flow-Charts has been the page size. We were used to dealing with A4, but the Flow–Charts are all A3! Worse, the pages can be double A3 with two pieces of paper being stuck together. This raised many problems. We had to deal with issues like offsetting, where the paper isn't exactly aligned. We needed a scanning system that could deal with this size of paper and could also scan duplex to get all the critical information in one scan."
Just what the doctor ordered
To get the job done Flamble and the Silver Star Unit looked to Fujitsu and their fi-5750C scanner. The Fujitsu fi-5750C is a unique 200 sheet ADF-powered device that can cope with mixed quality sheets from A8 up to the A3 size used by the Silver Star Unit. The scanner also has a flatbed function for scanning delicate documents which is ideal for the older medical charts that are prone to damage.
"The reason we settled on this scanner is it offered the double A3 length scanning that we needed. We compared it with other scanners available in the same price range, and it was the ONLY scanner that could tolerate the two sheets of A3 which have been sellotaped together, sometimes offset by as much as 1cm. When the staff at the hospital stuck the pages together years ago, they did not know that one day they would be scanned and were not too careful in getting the pages lined up. We looked at Kodak, Canon and Bell & Howell Tuper and the Fujitsu came out on top" continues David Sherwood.
Future ailments?
The project took a few more months than originally anticipated, but the records are now being digitized and the system is up and running making the Silver Star Unit at the John Radcliffe Hospital one of the most advanced patient record storage systems in UK maternity Units.
Andrew Cowling, Senior Marketing Services Executive for Fujitsu Europe says of the project, "Owing to the nature of a task like this, you need to make sure that it is done right the first time and we are glad they have chosen Fujitsu scanners.
"With much of the medical data in the UK still on paper charts, it is great to see medical institutions working together with technology providers to show the rest of the country how quickly and easily a system like this can be set up."
As well as being quickly and easily set up, the system has also been built with the future in mind. The system uses a database and a custom web program for easy patent data retrieval and easy scalability to ensure the system is resilient should patient numbers increase in the next decades. With the unit constantly attending to problem births a system that was built with the future in mind was the primary goal for both Professor Redman and Flamble Ltd.
David Sherwood also has another reason for wanting this project to succeed. "If it weren't for the Professor and his team, I would not have a wife or daughter. I mean this literally. My wife was at another hospital where they were unable to control her blood pressure: they couldn't even start helping my unborn daughter. So she was transferred to the John Radcliffe Hospital where these problems were efficiently dealt with. With the help of this system, and Fujitsu scanners, we hope that The Silver Star Unit will continue to give the best and most advanced care to babies and mothers in the future."
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] With direction of Graham Meriwether, this feature film in English (original language) was presented in 2013. This film, a creation of Memo Salazar and Graham Meriwether, is an original production of USA. You can watch American Meat online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2013.
Rating: 5 by 21 users./
Runtime: 100 minutes
Fred Kirschenmann, Daniel Salatin, Joel Salatin, Paul Willis and Chuck Wirtz.
100-minute film (full movie) directed by Graham Meriwether.
The original audio of American Meat has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2013.
Screenplay written by Memo Salazar and Graham Meriwether.
Matt Rivera, Graham Meriwether and Ryan Nethery.
Ryan Nethery, Craig Charland, Memo Salazar, Graham Meriwether, Carlye Rubin and Alejandro De Onis.
Composed by Alison Plante.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie American Meat has a duration of 100 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, American Meat in FULLTV Movies.


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No need for half ass "friends"..these will be immediately moved down to the "associate" level or feel free to enter the "stranger" zone✌
Treat her like a Queen & watch those King benefits increase
The truth hurts only once but a lie hurts every time you remember it. #Message
Let's be clear..I'm me & I like me!! And no u don't have to like it but I damn sure ain't gon change it due to your opinion✌


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The senate has agreed on $44.5 per barrel as benchmark price for the 2017 budget as against $42.5 per barrel earlier submitted by the executive.
The legislators also adopted the N305 to a dollar exchange rate as presented by the executive.
It asked the Central Bank of Nigeria to initiate measure to close the gap between the parallel market and official exchange rate.
Meanwhile due to hike in prices of kerosene and cooking gas, some Nigerians have resorted to the use of charcoal and fire wood
Respondents who spoke to STV news say the items have become a luxury for average income earners. .


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20% off every single thing. Use code GET20. One day only.
Children of Africa
children portrait africa
What a wonderfull treatment Vadim.x
Catherine, thank you. Greatly appreciate it. Vadim
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The forest has one of the richest ecosystems in Africa, and the diversity of species is a feature of the park. The park provides habitat for some 120 species of mammals, 348 species of birds, 220 species of butterflies, 27 species of frogs, chameleons, geckos and many endangered species. Floristically Bwindi is amongst the most diverse forests in East Africa, with more than 1,000 flowering plant species including 163 species of trees and 104 species of ferns. The northern (low altitude) sector is rich in species of the Guineo-Congolian flora. These include two species internationally recognised as endangered, the brown mahogany and Brazzeia longipedicellata. In particular the area shares in the high levels of endemisms of the Albertine Rift.
The park is a sanctuary for colobus monkeys, chimpanzees and many birds (such as hornbills and turacos). It is perhaps most notable for the 340 Bwindi gorillas, half the world's population of the critically endangered mountain gorillas. There are four habituated mountain gorilla groups open to tourism: Mubare; Habinyanja; Rushegura near Buhoma and the Nkuringo group at Nkuringo. Other mountain gorillas can be found in neighbouring Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Listed below are hotels/lodges/resorts that the safari tour operator can accomodate for you.


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OBETZ, Ohio – Just two hours before his team's match against the Houston Dynamo on Saturday, Columbus Crew head coach and sporting director Gregg Berhalter revealed that defender Giancarlo Gonzalez was flying to Italy to sign with Palermo.
Only six hours earlier, Tyson Wahl found out in an email from Berhalter that rather than the substitute role he'd filled for most of 2014, he would be the starting defender in the evening's important clash with the Dynamo.
"[Berhalter] had told me to prepare for it anyway, and it sounded like it was most likely going to happen, so I was just glad to get that confirmation," Wahl said.
While rumors of Gonzalez's departure had been swirling all month, Wahl wasn't playing with the first team in training, and admitted that it was a strange situation to change that on the morning of the game.
"It's not the most ideal," he said. "That week I wasn't with the starting group, Giancarlo was getting those reps. So you do want to get those reps throughout the week and know for sure … but I just mentally prepared like I was going to get good news in the middle of the day, and I did."
But Wahl stepped up and put in a solid defensive performance that included two late sliding tackles to block Houston shots on goal. Berhalter had nothing but positive things to say about the veteran defender after the match.
"We talked about Tyson getting notified that he was starting and us being confident in him and him having 100 starts in MLS, and he showed it today," Berhalter said. "He was our Man of the Match in the locker room and he got the game ball. I thought that he was fantastic. I'm proud of him and I'm proud of the rest of team for really standing up and putting a good performance in."
Wahl found himself in a similar situation last season, when the firing of Robert Warzycha resulted in more playing time for Wahl after Brian Bliss took over as interim head coach. But he isn't looking to compare the seasons.
- Find more Crew news at TheCrew.com
"It is similar in one regard, but last year I came off playing a ton more in the first two-thirds of the season," Wahl said. "But it is similar. I'm a player who's always been on the brink and sometimes in and out of lineups. Unfortunately, it's something I'm used to. You never strive for that, but it's just been the reality. I'm just trying to stay sharp in training and take it game by game."
One of the more experienced members of a young Crew roster, Wahl says he's well-equipped to step in on a moment's notice, and knows he can be an important part of the team.
"I think that's kind of what's expected of me," he said. "I play a position where you're supposed to be vocal and a leader. I'm a pretty quiet guy off the field, but I'm pretty talkative on the field. So I stepped in there and did my job."


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Hotel Syrene, Capri
- Free continental breakfast and free WiFi
Main amenities
- 32 guestrooms
- Outdoor pool
- Rooftop terrace
- Free train station pick-up
- Pool bar
- Massage/treatment rooms
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Self-serve laundry
- Conference space
- Multilingual staff
- Free continental breakfast and free WiFi
For families
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
- Laundry facilities
- Iron/ironing board
- Hair dryer
What's around
- Heart of Capri
- Museum Ignazio Cerio (3-minute walk)
- Charterhouse of St. Giacomo (4-minute walk)
- Piazzetta Capri (5-minute walk)
- Gardens of Augustus (7-minute walk)
- Lookout (9-minute walk)
- Belvedere Tragara (9-minute walk)
- Via Krupp (10-minute walk)
- Faraglioni Rocks (12-minute walk)
- Arco Naturale (14-minute walk)
- Torre Saracena (23-minute walk)
Hotel Syrene, Capri
Hotel Info: 866-266-9798from $220 CAD
- Classic Double or Twin Room, Sea View
- Economy Room
- Standard Double or Twin Room
- Classic Double or Twin Room, Garden View
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 32 rooms
- Check-in time 2 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free train station pickup
- No parking
In the hotel
- Free continental breakfast
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Poolside bar
- 24-hour room service
- Outdoor pool
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Conference space
- 24-hour front desk
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Elevator/lift
- Rooftop terrace
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Satellite TV channels
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Daily housekeeping
Also popular with travellers from Canada
Hotel Syrene, Capri's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Syrene BW Premier Collection Capri
- Hotel Syrene Capri
- Syrene Capri
- Syrene
- Best Western Hotel Syrene
- Best Western Hotel Syrene Capri
- Best Western Syrene
- Best Western Syrene Capri
- Best Western Capri
- Capri Best Western
- Hotel Syrene BW Premier Collection
- Syrene BW Premier Collection Capri
- Syrene BW Premier Collection
All guests, including children, must be present at check-in and show their government-issued photo ID card or passport.
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
Some facilities may have restricted access. Guests can contact the property for details using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
Deposit: EUR 200 per stay
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
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10 Wall Street Movies Better Than "The Last Days Of Lehman Brothers"
Clothes On FilmCNBC is about to air The Last Days Lehman Brothers tonight, but we have 10 Wall Street movies way better for you to watch.
Wall Street has been defined as much by the people who work there as the films made about the iconic New York district.
Characters from these films have become so etched into American society, that they transcend the films and become quotable moments that many use day in, day out, in their line of work.
We've got ten of the most memorable Wall Street films here. If there are any we missed, let us know in the comments and we'll be sure to add them in.
Here are ten Wall Street movies better than the Last Days of Lehman > »
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Ahmedabad, India (PressExposure) October 14, 2009 -- Silver Touch announced on 25 sep. 09 about its plans of offering mobile applications development services in Middle East. Silver Touch is show casing its Mobile applications capabilities in Gitex 2009, Dubai starting from 18th Oct. till 22nd Oct. 2009. During Gitex, Silver Touch will meet its potential clients and technology partners to explain about various Mobile application development capabilities. Silver Touch is registered under "iPhone Developer Program" and authorized to certify, upload iPhone applications on iTune Store.
Silver Touch has niche offerings in iPhone, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, Symbian mobile platforms. Silver Touch believes that Middle East is the next booming market for iPhone and other smart mobile devices after US and Europe. Minesh Doshi, Director from Silver Touch believes "So far western countries have seen phenomenal penetration of iPhone or touch smart phones due to large number of applications available on internet. iPhone and smart phones are now information devices rather than traditional mobile phones because of mobile applications. Now Middle East countries mainly Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia will see iPhone and touch phone boom". This increasing demand of smart phones will create potential market demand for mobile applications with local flavors.
Till date, iPhone or touch smart phones were famous amongst young generation. But Silver Touch sees the real growth in yet to be touched markets for iPhone apps are mobile banking for BFSI, Advertising for Media Agencies, smart home systems for housing companies, fleet management ,cargo handling for logistics companies and many more. Silver Touch has experience in developing various mobile apps for industry verticals like telecom, aviation, social networking, gaming, catalogue management, logistic to name a few. Many of the iPhone applications developed by Silver Touch are rated in TOP 5 on iTune Store resulting 1000s of downloads. This will give Silver Touch a leap ahead in Middle East for market for similar industry verticals which are growing and un-tapped. Silver Touch expects 20% revenue generation from this initiative from Middle East to its US$ 30 mill. revenue target in current fiscal year.


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Finale pokala: ZNK Pomurje vs ZNK KrkaAdd to Cart Download
Mateja Zver (10) of Pomurje and Anja Milenkovic of Krka at final game of NZS women football cup between ZNK Pomurje vs ZNK Krka, on June 4, 2008, at ZAK stadium in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Krka won the match 4:1 and became Slovenian Cup Champion. (Photo by Vid Ponikvar / Sportal Images)
- Filename
- Zver_Milenkovic_3_080604_VP.JPG
- Copyright
- 2008 Sportal Images
- Image Size
- 2704x1760 / 784.3KB
- Contained in galleries
- 20080604: Football - Soccer - NZS Cup, ZNK Pomurje vs ZNK Krka