text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 17, 2007
|Filing date
|Dec 22, 2003
|Priority date
|Dec 1, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bulent M. Basol, Homayoun Talieh
|Original Assignee
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (71), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (2), Classifications (40), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
"This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/460,032 filed Jun. 11, 2003 (NT-200 C1), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,942,780, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/760,757 filed Jan. 17, 2001 (NT-200), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,190, which claims priority benefit of prior U.S. provisional application 60/245,211, filed Nov. 3, 2000. This application is also a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/302,213 filed Nov. 22, 2002 (NT-105 C1) which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/685,934 filed Oct. 11, 2000 (NT-105), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,800. This application is also a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/152,793 filed May 23, 2002 (NT-102 DIV) which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/511,278 filed Feb. 23, 2000 (NT-102), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,388. And this application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/607,567 filed Jun. 29, 2000 (NT-001 DIV), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,676,822, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/201,929 filed Dec. 1, 1998 (NT-001), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,992, all incorporated herein by reference."
The present invention relates to manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits and, more particularly to a method for depositing conductive layers with spatially uniform properties on workpiece surfaces.
Conventional semiconductor devices generally include a semiconductor substrate, such as a silicon substrate, and a plurality of sequentially formed dielectric interlayers within which conductive paths or interconnects made of conductive materials are fabricated. In an integrated circuit, multiple levels of interconnect networks laterally extend with respect to the substrate surface. Interconnects formed in sequential layers can be electrically connected using vias or contacts. Copper and copper-alloys have recently received considerable attention as interconnect materials for integrated circuits because of their superior electro-migration and low resistivity characteristics. The interconnects are usually formed by filling copper in features or cavities etched into the dielectric layers by a deposition process. The preferred method of copper deposition is electrochemical deposition. Since copper is an important interconnect material, it will be used as the example to describe this invention. It should be appreciated that the invention may be used for the deposition of many other materials such as Ni, Co, Pt, Pb etc.
In a typical process, first an insulating layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate. Patterning and etching processes are performed to form features or cavities such as trenches and vias in the insulating layer. Then, a barrier/glue layer and optionally a seed layer are deposited over the patterned surface and a conductor such as copper is electroplated to fill all the features. However, the plating process, in addition to filling the features with copper, also deposits excess copper over the top surface of the substrate. This excess copper is called an "overburden" and it is removed during a subsequent process step, which may be a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) step, an electropolishing step, or electrochemical mechanical polishing step among others.
During the copper electrodeposition process, specially formulated acidic plating solutions or electrolytes are commonly used. These electrolytes typically contain water, acid (such as sulfuric acid), ionic species of copper, chloride ions and certain organic additives, which affect the properties and the plating behavior of the deposited material. Typical electroplating baths contain at least two of the many types of commercially available additives such as accelerators, suppressors and levelers. It should be noted that these additives are sometimes called different names. For example, the accelerator may be referred to as a brightener and the suppressor as a carrier or inhibitor in the literature. Levelers, which are a certain type of inhibitors, may also be employed. Functions of these additives in the electrolyte and the role of the chloride ion are widely known in the field, although the details of the mechanisms involved may not be fully understood or agreed upon.
Gap fill into high aspect ratio features is a strong function of additives and plating conditions. Additive adsorption on surfaces, their mass transport to location of the via, their distribution and concentrations are all factors that can influence gap fill. Defects such as the one shown in
Resistivity or sheet resistance of interconnects is another important factor. Interconnects introduce RC time constant and delay to the operation of integrated circuits. Therefore, resistance and capacitance of interconnect structures need to be as low as possible. Electrodeposited conductors such as Cu and Cu alloys typically have small grain size in their as-deposited form. For example, Cu layers plated out of commonly used electrolytes containing organic and inorganic additives have grain sizes, which are typically smaller than 0.2 μm. Therefore, the sheet resistance of such layers is high compared to bulk copper values. For example, the resistivity of as-plated copper may be as high as 2.5 μohm-cm. When such films are stored at around room temperature for a period of time, however, the grain size increases due to a self-annealing or re-crystallization phenomenon, and the resistivity decreases, typically by about 20%. Re-crystallization process may be accelerated by applying higher heat to the wafers. Therefore, grain size of electroplated copper layers may be increased and their resistivity may be decreased by annealing the films at a temperature range of 20–500� C., preferably between 90� C. and 400� C. Since sheet resistance of electroplated copper layers decreases as their grain size increases, sheet resistance measurements are typically used to monitor re-crystallization of such films.
Long term reliability of copper interconnect structures is affected, among other factors, by the micro-structure, defectiveness, grain size, crystalline orientation or texture, resistivity and impurity content of the copper material within the interconnect features such as lines and vias. For example, large grain size is important for higher electromigration resistance and better stress migration property of interconnect structures. As described before, low sheet resistance is desirable to reduce the RC time constant. Sheet resistance or grain size differences on a wafer give rise to lower yields. Uniformity of these important parameters throughout the wafer surface is essential for better reliability and high yield.
In a typical wafer plating apparatus, wafer is rotated during plating. On a rotating substrate linear velocity increases in a radial fashion from the center of the wafer where the velocity is zero. Therefore, for a given solution flow rate, the relative velocity between the plating solution and the wafer surface is also variable on the wafer surface. This velocity differential gives rise to a difference in mass transfer at the center of the wafer versus the edge. The difference in mass transfer results in a difference in the quality of the deposited film since mass transfer plays an important role in bringing copper ions and additive species to the surface that is being plated. For example, in copper films deposited in conventional apparatus with conventional method of rotating wafers, re-crystallization rate of the central portion of the film is different than the re-crystallization rate of the edge region. Typically this radial variation is such that re-crystallization is more rapid at the edge of the wafer and decreases towards the center (see for example, M. E. Gross et al., Conference Proceedings ULSI XV, 2000 Materials Research Society, page: 85, and Malhotra et al. Conference Proceedings ULSI XV, 2000 Materials Research Society, page: 77). This is exemplified in
Although there is no conclusive understanding of this non-uniformity over the wafer surface, there have been various explanations. For example, Malhotra et al. reference mentioned above attributed the radial non-uniformity in the re-crystallization of electroplated Cu films to a radial distribution of plating impurities. M. E. Gross et al. stated that the radial variation in re-crystallization decreasing from the edge of the wafer is likely related to processing conditions that affect the surface interactions of additives. It should be appreciated that the varying linear velocity on the wafer surface can influence mass transfer and additive surface interactions and give rise to the observed non-uniformities.
It is therefore necessary, for better yields and reliability, to develop new processing tools and approaches to improve the uniformity of electroplated film properties and the uniformity of gap-fill capability.
The present invention provides an electrochemical process and system for forming a conductive film with uniform properties on a workpiece surface. The conductive film formed by the process of the present invention exhibits the same properties on any location on the wafer surface. Process of the present invention minimizes the difference in mass transfer rates between the center of the workpiece and the edge of the workpiece and uniformly distributes the additive species on the entire workpiece surface.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method for electrochemically depositing a conductive material with uniform properties on a workpiece surface is provided. The surface of the workpiece includes features. During the electrochemical process, a process solution that is in physical contact with an electrode is delivered onto the workpiece surface at a predetermined flow rate. The workpiece is rotated about an axis with predetermined revolutions per minute and laterally moved in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation. As a result, an edge region of the workpiece has a first predetermined linear velocity due to the rotation and the workpiece has a second predetermined linear velocity due to the lateral motion laterally moving the workpiece.
A potential difference is applied between the workpiece surface and the electrode, and a conductive film on the workpiece surface is formed.
The present invention provides an electrochemical process and system for forming a conductive film with uniform properties on a workpiece surface. Accordingly, the conductive film formed by the process of the present invention exhibits the same properties on any location on the wafer whether that location is at a center region or an edge region of the wafer surface. Specifically, during an electrochemical process of the present invention, the difference in mass transfer rate between the center of the workpiece and the edge of the workpiece is minimized. Further, during the process of the present invention, additive species are more uniformly distributed on the entire workpiece surface, which situation better affects the qualities of the depositing layer and its gap-filling capability. A conductive film formed using the present invention demonstrates high re-crystallization, texture, stress and gap fill uniformity.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, during the electrochemical plating process, the mass transfer rate difference between the edge of the workpiece surface and the center of the workpiece surface may be minimized by moving the rotating workpiece so that its center point moves with a predetermined velocity such as a predetermined linear velocity. In one embodiment, for a given process solution flow rate during the process, the predetermined linear center velocity of the rotating workpiece is more than zero, or higher than the linear velocity of the edge of the workpiece due to rotational movement for at least a period of time.
The process of the present invention may be exemplified by copper electroplating a wafer using either an electroplating process such as electrochemical deposition (ECD) or electrochemical mechanical deposition (ECMD). Electrical contact to the wafer may be made by various means, such as at the circumference of the wafer or substantially all over the front surface of the wafer. ECMD process produces a planar copper layer and descriptions of various ECMD methods and apparatus can be for example found in the following patents and pending applications, all commonly owned by the assignee of the present invention. U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,992, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Electrochemical Mechanical Deposition," U.S. Pat. No. 6,534,116, entitled "Plating Method and Apparatus that Creates a Differential Between Additive Disposed on a Top Surface and a Cavity Surface of a Workpiece Using an External Influence," U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,307, entitled "Method and Apparatus For Making Electrical Contact To Wafer Surface for Full-Face Electroplating or Electropolishing" and U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,190, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Electrodeposition of Uniform Film with Minimal Edge Exclusion on Substrate."
Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.
The plating process of the present invention may be performed using the system 200 shown in
During the electrochemical process, for a given constant process solution flow rate, if linear center velocity VC is given a velocity value larger than zero, mass transfer difference between the edge and center of the surface 100 is drastically reduced. By increasing VC and reducing VE, one can reduce any differences further. For example, in a 300 mm diameter wafer the linear velocity of the center point due to rotation is zero. The linear velocity of the edge point, on the other hand, is 94 cm/sec if the wafer is rotated at 60 rpm. This large difference in linear velocities causes non-uniformities in the prior-art techniques. By translating this wafer in a lateral direction by for example, a speed of 40 cm/sec and rotating the wafer at 5 rpm, the linear velocity at the edge due to rotation becomes only 7.8 cm/sec. The linear velocity at the edge due to lateral translation, on the other hand, is 40 cm/sec. The linear velocity of the center of the wafer being moved in a lateral direction is preferably in the range of about 20–500 mm/sec. By this way, differential of speed between edge and center of the wafer is minimized. As a result the copper layer has a high degree of uniformity in its properties and also the gap-fill capability is uniform. It should be appreciated that to make linear velocities constant everywhere on the wafer surface, wafer may not be rotated but only laterally translated. After the electrochemical deposition process of the present invention, an anneal step is performed to anneal the deposited copper layer, as mentioned above.
Although various preferred embodiments have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications of the exemplary embodiment are possible without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 18, 2004
Owner name: NUTOOL, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BASOL, BULENT M.;TALIEH, HOMAYOUN;REEL/FRAME:015339/0975
Effective date: 20040512
|Feb 10, 2005
Owner name: ASM NUTOOL, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:NUTOOL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:015701/0786
Effective date: 20040729
|Feb 28, 2007
Owner name: NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ASM NUTOOL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018945/0888
Effective date: 20061204
|Feb 24, 2009
|Certificate of correction
|Oct 18, 2010
|Fee payment
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|Oct 17, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 2, 2004
|Filing date
|Aug 12, 2002
|Priority date
|Aug 12, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Paul Joseph Candela
|Original Assignee
|Flo-Guard Water Leak Mitigation Systems, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Referenced by (17), Classifications (11), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a control device capable of controlling the flow of a liquid. In particular, the present invention relates to a control device capable of both restricting water flow to a building in response to a primary input generated by one or more systems or devices that do not require water for operation and interrupting the water flow restriction in response to a secondary input produced by one or more important building devices that do require water for operation.
Water leak detection and control devices capable of restricting water flow to a building in response to the detection of a particular condition, such as one or more water leaks, are known. Current water leak detection and control devices actively detect the presence of water leaks directly by sensing different water parameters or indirectly by monitoring the associated water system. Such detection devices actively sense water parameters or monitor the associated water system through the use of electronic, mechanical and/or electro-mechanical circuits, such as sensors, microprocessors, and drivers. The use of such active monitoring devices makes current water leak detection devices inherently complex and costly. Due to the complexity and cost of current water leak detection devices, their use is impractical in many applications. Moreover, these systems are limited either in the ability to provide protection of the entire building, and/or in the ability to provide water flow for important building systems in the event of a water leak(s). Thus, there is a need for a water leak detection device that provides complete protection, is capable of reducing the possibility of water leaks, and enables water flow to important building systems without the use of costly and complex active monitoring devices.
In response to the detection of a water leak, current water leak detection devices entirely restrict water flow to the associated building. Consequently, important building operations that require water to function become inoperable. Examples of important building devices that require water to function include irrigation systems, sump pumps, baseboard heating systems, water softener systems, and fire suppression systems. When these important building devices are not operational, the building is negatively affected. Thus, there exists a need in the art for a device that restricts water flow when water is not needed but resumes water flow when water is needed for operation of an important building device.
The present invention overcomes the prior art deficiencies by providing a water leak mitigation system comprising a power supply, a building systems interface, a plumbing interface such as a water control valve, and pre-existing switching devices. Primary switching devices produce primary inputs to the building systems interface in response to the need to restrict water flow such as when the building is vacated for long durations. Upon receipt of the primary input, the building systems interface instructs the water control valve to restrict water flow to the associated building. The flow of water to the building remains restricted unless the building systems interface receives a secondary input, produced by a secondary switch device associated with an important building device, that requires water to function. Upon receipt of the secondary input, the building systems interface instructs the water control valve to resume the flow of water to the building so as to permit operation of the important building device. After the important building device has completed its operation, transmission of the secondary input ceases and the building systems interface instructs the water control valve to again restrict the flow of water to the building. Thus, the present invention is capable of reducing the possibility of water leaks and the resulting water damage that may occur.
Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram showing the general components of the invention, the invention providing a building systems interface, a power supply, a water control valve, a manual primary input, primary inputs, and secondary inputs; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a building systems interface used by the water leak mitigation system of the present invention.
The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
With reference to FIG. 1, a system for mitigating water leaks is shown at 10. Specifically, the system 10 prevents the flow of water to a building when a particular condition is detected, but resumes water flow when necessary to operate important water dependent building systems. The system 10 is generally comprised of a building systems interface 12, a power supply 14, and a plumbing interface, such as water control valve 16. The components of system 10 are preferably, but not required to be, located within a building (not shown) so as to optimize installation and function and are preferably connected through wiring according to appropriate specifications to meet local building codes. The interface 12, power supply 14, and water control valve 16 may be sized to the specifics of the particular application. The three main components of system 10 are described in detail below.
The building systems interface 12 provides passive control of water flow to prevent unwanted water leaks. The control is passive in that the systems interface 12 does not monitor water parameters, such as water, water flow, water pressure, etc. Instead, the systems interface 12 provides a connection to numerous building systems that actively or intentionally control water flow.
The building systems interface 12 provides all electrical inputs and outputs for system 10. Systems interface 12 includes an input array for interface to external inputs such as, but not limited to, a manual wall switch 18, a security system 20, a smart home system 22, an irrigation system 24, a drainage/sump pump 26, a baseboard heating system 28, a water softener system 30, and a fire suppression system 31. Inputs generated by monitoring devices, such as security system 20 and smart home system 22, are generally classified as primary inputs. Inputs generated by important water dependent building systems, such as irrigation system 24, drainage/sump pump 26, baseboard heating system 28, water softener system 30, and fire suppression system 31 are generally classified as secondary inputs. Inputs generated by manual switch 18 may be classified as either manual inputs or primary inputs depending upon the particular application. It must be understood that the inputs received by systems interface 12 may include any one or all of the inputs described above. Further, additional inputs may be added at any time after assembly of system 10.
Systems interface 12 further includes an adjustable timer 32 to delay activation of the water control valve 16, a bypass 34 to deactivate the water control valve 16 (FIG. 2), an input array 36 for the power supply 14 and primary and secondary inputs, an output array 38 for interface to the water control valve 16, an enclosure (not shown), a visual annunciation of the active inputs and outputs in the form of a suitable annunciation device such as LEDs 42, 43, 44 (FIG. 2), and mounting provisions (not shown).
Power supply 14 may be any suitable power supply capable of powering water control valve 16 and building systems interface 12. The transfer of voltage from the power supply 14 to water control valve 16 is controlled by systems interface 12 based on the primary, secondary, or manual inputs that interface 12 receives from the above described devices 18 through 31. Interface 12 also directs voltage produced by power supply 14 to external devices for feedback as inputs, as the result of the closure of switch or relay contacts.
Water control valve 16 preferably includes a water hammer arrestor (not shown). The water control valve 16 and the water hammer arrestor are sized to the specifics of the application. The water control valve 16 and the water hammer arrestor are preferably located adjacent and posterior to a building water meter (not shown). Preferably, when the water control valve 16 is not energized, the valve 16 remains open so as to permit water flow to the building. When the water control valve 16 is energized, the valve 16 closes and prevents water flow to the building. However, it must be noted that this configuration may be reversed so that when the plumbing interface 16 is not energized the valve 16 is closed, thus arresting water flow to the building.
Operation of system 10 will now be described in detail below. System 10 may be operated manually using wall switch 18. Operation of switch 18 transfers a manual input to systems interface 12. Upon receipt of the manual input, systems interface 12 directs voltage from power supply 14 to water control valve 16 so as to energize and close valve 16. The closure of valve 16 prevents water flow to the associated building. As long as system 10 is in receipt of the manual input generated by wall switch 18, the valve 16 will remain energized and water will be prevented from flowing to the building. However, if systems interface 12 receives a secondary input from an important peripheral system or building device, such as irrigation system 24, sump pump 26, baseboard heating system 28, water softener system 30, or fire suppression system 31, the water control valve 16 will be de-energized and valve 16 will open to permit water flow to the building so as to permit operation of important peripheral systems such as those described above. Thus, the manual function provides a simple, low cost building interface. As described above, the manual switch may also be used as a primary input if so desired.
In addition to manually operating water control valve 16 using wall switch 18, the water control valve 16 may be automatically operated by systems interface 12 in response to primary inputs generated by one or more suitable active switching devices such as security system 20 or smart home system 22. For example, once smart home system 22 or security system 20 are placed in the "away" mode, such as when the building is vacated for extended periods of time, the respective devices 20, 22 send a primary input to systems interface 12 notifying the interface 12 of the condition. Interface 12 then transfers voltage from power supply 14 to water control valve 16 so as to close valve 16 and prevent water flow to the associated building. Valve 16 remains closed as long as the primary input is received and a secondary input from important building devices 24 through 31 is not.
Timer 32 may be used to delay the closure of valve 16 in response to the receipt of a primary input by systems interface 12. The use of timer 32 allows water to flow to the building for a set period of time before the water flow is restricted by systems interface 12. The timer 32 may be set by the user to any suitable time period. Use of timer 32 is advantageous as it permits water flow immediately following departure of the user from the building for such events as laundry, dishwashing, etc.
Water flow previously interrupted due to the receipt of a primary input by systems interface 12 is restored upon the receipt of a secondary input by systems interface 12. For example, if an important water dependent building peripheral system requires activation, such as irrigation system 24, sump pump 26, baseboard system 28, water softener system 30 and/or fire suppression system 31, the water dependent device sends a secondary input to systems interface 12. Upon receipt of the secondary input, systems interface 12 activates bypass 34 so as to de-energize the water control valve 16, thereby permitting water flow to the building. The water control valve 16 remains de-energized until the secondary input is eliminated. Once the secondary input is eliminated, water flow is again interrupted unless another secondary input is received.
An exemplary circuit diagram of the operation of system 10 is shown in FIG. 2 at 45. Power supply 14 provides power to a power leg 46 and a switching leg 48 of the circuit 45. Power supply 14 is preferably in the form of a 24V AC power supply as the power leg 46 requires AC voltage. However, power supply 14 may take the form of any suitable power source, such as a cell battery or a DC power supply equipped with a DC-AC converter 50. Further, fuses 52 may be provided to protect the circuit from power surges or other electrical malfunctions.
When open, primary input switch 54 associated with wall switch 18, primary input switch 56 associated security system 20, and primary input switch 58 associated with smart home system 22 prevent power flow to activation relay 60. When any one of the primary input switches 54, 56, or 58 receive a primary input to activate, the particular switch 54, 56, or 58 is closed. The closure of switch 54, 56, or 58 directs power to activation relay 60 thereby causing the activation relay 60 to trip and permit power from the power leg 46 to energize and close the water control valve 16. Primary LED's 42 visually indicate which primary input switch is activated.
When the primary input is from the security system 20 or the smart home system 22, timer 32 may be used to delay the transfer of current from switch 56, 58 to relay 60, thus delaying the energizing of valve 16. The period of time for which the current is delayed may be set to any suitable period of time according to user preference and the capabilities of the particular timer 32 used. The duration of the timer 32 may be altered by way of a variable time delay switch 33. Any suitable timer 32 as is known to those skilled in the art may be used to provide the delay function.
A bypass circuit 34 is provided to process the above described secondary inputs. When a secondary input is received from water dependent peripheral systems 24, 26, 28, 30, and/or 31, a corresponding switch is activated. Specifically, irrigation system 24 activates switch 62, sump pump system 26 activates switch 64, baseboard heat system activates switch 66, water softener system activates switch 68 and fire suppression 31 actuates switch 71. Activation of any switch 62, 64, 66, 68 or 71 causes the bypass relay 70 to trip, which causes power to bypass switches 54, 56, and 58. When bypass 34 is activated, the activation relay 60 resets, and the valve 16 de-energizes so as to permit water flow to the associated building. An LED 43 visually indicates that the power leg portion of the circuit is active. Secondary LED's 44 visually indicate which secondary input switch resulted in the activation of the bypass circuit.
After the secondary input ceases, the bypass 34 and relay 70 both deactivate. If switches 54, 56, or 58 are active, the relay 60 will again activate and cause valve 16 to be energized. If switches 54, 56, or 58 are not active then relay 60 will not be activated and valve 16 will not be energized, thus permitting water to flow to the associated building.
A battery backup circuit 72 is provided to maintain logic control in the event of main power loss. Should the building lose power, the circuit will maintain logic control so that when power is restored, the water control valve will return to the proper state.
The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 20, 1987
|Mar 15, 1988
|White F Grove
|Fluid loss, damage prevention and control system
|Dec 17, 1987
|Jun 20, 1989
|Flig Alan Y
|Earthquake utilities cut-off control system
|Sep 14, 1989
|May 1, 1990
|Bratten David R
|Automatic water shut-off apparatus for building protection
|May 10, 1989
|Jan 22, 1991
|Barron Robert C
|Water sensor system
|Jun 8, 1990
|Aug 13, 1991
|Philip L. Ames
|Automatic fluid shutoff system
|Jan 31, 1989
|Feb 4, 1992
|Custom Command Systems
|Expandable home automation system
|Aug 2, 1991
|Jul 20, 1993
|Welch Jr James G
|Fail-safe leak detector including independent and repetetive sensing means
|Nov 25, 1988
|Nov 23, 1993
|Ralph Nigro
|External fire prevention system
|Apr 7, 1992
|Dec 7, 1993
|Brown Geoffrey P
|Utilities shutoff system
|Feb 19, 1992
|Jul 19, 1994
|Bradley Corporation
|Programmable control system for gas and liquid dispensing devices
|Jan 12, 1993
|Jun 27, 1995
|Leakgard, Inc.
|Water sensor system
|Jul 21, 1994
|Jul 30, 1996
|Virnich; Ulrich
|Leakage detection system
|Dec 11, 1995
|Oct 29, 1996
|Faulk; John W.
|Automatic leak detection and shut-off system
|Nov 27, 1995
|Aug 12, 1997
|Wendel; A. Christopher
|Wireless system for detecting and stopping water leaks
|Jul 16, 1996
|Sep 2, 1997
|Arthur's Landscaping & Garden Center Inc.
|Irrigation control bypass apparatus and method
|Feb 21, 1998
|Oct 26, 1999
|Price; Stephen Jeffrey
|Water shut-off valve and leak detection system
|Sep 17, 1998
|Mar 21, 2000
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Electrical detector actuated magazine sprinkler (EDAMS) system
|Apr 6, 1995
|May 9, 2000
|Robot Consult
|System and apparatus for the pre-automation of the installations of a building
|Jul 9, 1999
|Aug 22, 2000
|Caise; Robert F.
|Microprocessor controled water shut-off device
|Dec 1, 1997
|Nov 7, 2000
|Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
|Building automation system using common platform program and common function package for controlling facility loads and monitoring terminals
|Dec 7, 1999
|Nov 14, 2000
|Doumit; Joseph
|Early warning water leak detection system
|Sep 30, 1997
|Feb 20, 2001
|Intelihome, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for improved building automation
|Jul 6, 2000
|May 29, 2001
|Nicholas D. Kushner
|System and method for controlling the unwanted flow of water through a water supply line
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 4, 2004
|Apr 18, 2006
|Flo-Guard Water Leak Mitigation Systems, L.L.C.
|Water leak mitigation system
|Sep 26, 2008
|May 15, 2012
|Culligan International Company
|Communication system for a water softener system
|Apr 22, 2009
|Oct 23, 2012
|Rain Bird Corporation
|Power supply system
|Sep 30, 2008
|Jan 22, 2013
|Culligan International Company
|Electronic bypass system for a fluid treatment system
|May 4, 2010
|Mar 26, 2013
|Keith J. Ziegenbein
|Flood preventing system, and method of use
|Mar 1, 2010
|May 14, 2013
|Keith J. Ziegenbein
|Flood preventing system, and method of use
|Oct 13, 2011
|May 13, 2014
|Kevin Duane Guy
|Fluid leak detection and shutdown apparatus
|Sep 30, 2011
|Jun 3, 2014
|Rain Bird Corporation
|Eccentric diaphragm valve
|Jul 30, 2013
|Jan 13, 2015
|Ricky H Holley
|Water supply shut-off system
|Dec 4, 2015
|Oct 4, 2016
|Flood Sentry, LLC
|Automatic water shut-off and notification system and method of use
|Feb 4, 2004
|Aug 12, 2004
|Candela Paul Joseph
|Water leak mitigation system
|May 13, 2003
|Nov 18, 2004
|Lane James Raymond
|Catastrophe avoidance system and method
|Dec 5, 2007
|Jun 5, 2008
|Bisson Eric
|Water leak detection system
|Apr 9, 2007
|Oct 9, 2008
|Huaben Wu
|Leak Control System
|Sep 30, 2008
|Feb 19, 2009
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Apparatus for communicating with a rfid tag
|Apr 22, 2009
|Oct 28, 2010
|Irwin Kevin M
|Power supply system
|Oct 13, 2011
|Apr 18, 2013
|Kevin Duane Guy
|Fluid Leak Detection and Shutdown Apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|340/605, 137/79, 340/606, 340/603
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 3, 2004
Owner name: FLO-GUARD WATER LEAK MITIGATION SYSTEMS, LLC, MICH
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CANDELA, PAUL J.;REEL/FRAME:015046/0277
Effective date: 20040223
|Apr 18, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 18, 2012
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 2, 2012
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 25, 2012
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20121102


text:
The Red Hot Chili Peppers premiered their new video for third single "Look Around" (off last summer's Grammy-nominated I'm With You) this morning, and it's quite the vertigo-inducing affair.
As far as the song goes, it's pretty standard fare for the funk-rockers, with lead singer Anthony Kiedis quasi-rapping his usual Dr. Seuss lyrics, Flea doing his Bootsy Collins impression, etc. But the video is a little more innovative, with the four band members (including Will Ferrell look-alike Chad Smith and new guitarist Josh Klinghoffer) separated by four adjoining rooms, which were filmed simultaneously in the round, in four whole takes, creating a kind of flip-book effect.
According to director Robert Hales, "Each room loosely represented the band members' personalities, so almost all the props and artwork in the rooms came from their personal collections." In Kiedis' room we see appearances by his dog Sam and son Everly Bear, as well as a slinky model emerging from a refrigerator. Flea and his real-life girlfriend strip down to their skivvies and engage in a shaving-cream fight like a couple of five-year-olds, while Smith pounds away in a bathroom featuring a heavy bag (that's a lot of catharsis) and Klinghoffer journals away in his spartan digs.
The Peppers were originally set to begin touring this month, but had to push things back until March 29 after Kiedis broke his foot. The band will also release a special interactive version of the video in the future, allowing the viewer to switch between the four rooms.


text:
Line-of-duty deaths among officers rose this year
Wednesday, December 29, 2010; 12:54 AM
A total of 160 officers on federal and local levels died in the line of duty as of midday Monday, an increase over the 117 killed last year, when the number of deaths reached a 50-year low, according to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund.
Traffic accidents were by far the leading cause of line-of-duty deaths, as they have been for 13 years. Seventy-three officers were killed in traffic-related incidents this year, compared with 51 in 2009, the organization said.
Fifty-nine officers were fatally shot this year, up from 49 killed last year.
Eighteen officers were killed in Texas, more than in any other state. The agencies with the most deaths were the California Highway Patrol and Chicago Police Department, each with five, the memorial fund reported.
The 2010 tally does not include the death of a Georgia State Patrol trooper shot twice in the face Monday night after an attempted traffic stop and brief chase in Atlanta.


text:
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Hanger Orthopedic Group Inc. (HGR) Executive Vice President, CFO George E Jr Mchenry sells 40,000 Shares
Posted by: insider (IP Logged)
Date: August 8, 2012 02:24PM
Executive Vice President, CFO of Hanger Orthopedic Group Inc. (HGR) George E Jr Mchenry sells 40,000 shares of HGR on 08/07/2012 at an average price of $26.38 a share.
Hanger Inc has a market cap of $917.6 million; its shares were traded at around $26.68 with a P/E ratio of 15.6 and P/S ratio of 1. Hanger Inc had an annual average earning growth of 1.7% over the past 5 years.
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text:
For lack of any original blog material, I took the liberty of following MR. MDMHVP>>whatever his name is' lead with these questions. You'll have to ask him what happened to number 31. Maybe it was censored?
More cheap meme cruft:
Welcome to the new 2008 edition of getting to know your family and friends. Here is what you are supposed to do, and try not to be lame and spoil the fun. Change all the answers so that they apply to you. Then [send this to a bunch of people you know, INCLUDING the person who sent it to you] post it. Some of you may get this several times; that means you have lots of friends. Have fun and be truthful!
1. What is your occupation right now? I occupy myself with painting, blogging and caring for my furry monster. I just can't seem to find anyone to pay me for that.
2. What color are your socks right now? I almost always barefoot
3. What are you listening to right now? the sound of my very noisy dishwasher
4. What was the last thing that you ate? watermelon
5. Can you drive a stick shift? Love to double clutch
6. Last person you spoke to on the phone? My mother in law, inviting her to dinner.
7. Do you like the person who sent this to you? Seems like a good guy, inspite of his lean to the right
8. How old are you today? 50
9. What is your favorite sport to watch on TV? can't pick just one.Golf, Tennis , hockey and gymnastics
10. What is your favorite drink? Gin and Tonic or a dark imported belgian beer
11. Have you ever dyed your hair? Puleeese? I raised 2 kids and I'm 50, what do you think?
12. Favorite food? anything with pasta
13. What is the last movie you watched? NO memory...wait, maybe...damn, I forget.
14. Favorite day of the year? everyday I'm up and moving
15. How do you vent anger? I throw food.
16. What was your favorite toy as a child? was I a child?
17. What is your favorite season? fall
18. Cherries or Blueberries? I'll take them both
19. Do you want your friends to e-mail(blog) you back? good as any blog fodder.
20. Who is the most likely to respond? no clue
21. Who is least likely to respond?Elvis
22. Living arrangements? Resident Martha, studio artist, wife, long distant mom, bubbie, and my furry creature's human.
23. When was the last time you cried? holding my newest grandbaby for the first time.
24. What is on the floor of your closet? too dangerous to open and find out.
25. Who is the friend you have had the longest {that you are sending to}? my daughter
26. What did you do last night? walked furry monster, cooked dinner and vegged in front of the tv
27. What are you most afraid of? honestly...I try not to fear, but probably being a burden to my kids in my old age.
28. Plain, cheese, or spicy hamburgers? NO COWS!!!! veggies please.
29. Favorite dog breed? lovable rescue mutts
30. Favorite day of the week? Sunday
32. Diamonds or pearls? why not something with color? sapphires, rubies, emeralds.
33. What is your favorite flower? orchids
Saturday, June 28, 2008
cheap meme
For lack of any original blog material, I took the liberty of following MR. MDMHVP>>whatever his name is' lead with these questions. You'll have to ask him what happened to number 31. Maybe it was censored?
4 comments:
- BRAINCHEESE said...
OK, #15 is just faaaarrrr to intriguing to not comment! You "throw food" to vent your anger??? Remind me if I am ever dining with you, not to PISS YOU OFF...
Linda D. in Seattle
- July 1, 2008 at 4:28 AM
- Bubbie said...
Ms.Cheese: Yes...I am guilty, and there are witnesses and those that bore the stains that will attest.
pasta has been one of my faves, although the effect of artichoke leaves sticking to the walls and sliding down is a nice visual, BUT flinging mashed potatoes off a fork like a catapult is my signature move.
- July 1, 2008 at 9:25 AM
- mdmhvonpa said...
Throw ... UP ... food?
Spitting mad!
- July 2, 2008 at 1:20 PM
- Bubbie said...
Not "UP". it's slung. Overhand, sidearm, catapulted, whatever suits me. I shall never be accused of being bulimic.
- July 2, 2008 at 1:58 PM


text:
The illustrious Gangstarr Foundation (minus Melachi The Nutcracker and Big Shug) interview with Fab 5 Freddy from a control room of D&D studios in 1994, right on the brink of Jeru's classic debut LP release, "The Sun Rises In The East". I was super amped to catch this episode in the midst of Gangstarr's rise as an emerging creative force and defining element of hip hop, with side production work from Premier accompanied by the excellent album "Hard To Earn".
The dark figure seated in the background behind the Yamaha DX7 keyboard is none other than The Guru. In this episode of Yo! MTV Raps, and at this stage of his career he seemed more like an overseer of the rest of the crew, an artist who paved the way for all this greatness through dedication, past classic albums and hard work.
Parts 1 and 3 coming soon!
Download part 2 of the show here.
Thanks to JR of Collectors Item.


text:
WINA joins the Automation Federation
The Automation Federation announced recently that the Wireless Industrial Networking Alliance (WINA) will join the umbrella organization as a charter member.
WINA is a coalition of industrial end-user companies, technology suppliers, industry organizations, software developers, system integrators, and others interested in the advancement of wireless solutions for industry.
"WINA's dedication to influencing and supporting standards, developing information materials, and forming industry partnerships is consistent with the goals of The Automation Federation," said Ken Baker, The Automation Federation board chairman. "WINA is a strong organization with a strong identity in the marketplace, and we look forward to helping them increase their successes in the future."
WINA's ongoing operational activities focus on education and professional networking. This includes web seminars, participation in industry trade shows, presentations at industry conferences, and contributions to industry standards activities.
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Annual Salary Survey
Before the calendar turned, 2016 already had the makings of a pivotal year for manufacturing, and for the world.
There were the big events for the year, including the United States as Partner Country at Hannover Messe in April and the 2016 International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago in September. There's also the matter of the U.S. presidential elections in November, which promise to shape policy in manufacturing for years to come.
But the year started with global economic turmoil, as a slowdown in Chinese manufacturing triggered a worldwide stock hiccup that sent values plummeting. The continued plunge in world oil prices has resulted in a slowdown in exploration and, by extension, the manufacture of exploration equipment.
Read more: 2015 Salary Survey


text:
3DOcean Tribo Bar Stool 2046335
3DOcean Tribo Bar Stool 2046335
3D Model \ Furnishings \ Seating
Simple \ Stainless \ Steel \ Wood \ Furniture \ Breakfast \ Cafe \ Design \ Elegant
3D Model - Tribo Bar Stool 2046335 by EdWright @ 3DOcean
3D Model \ Furnishings \ Seating
3D File Formats Included: .fbx (multi format), .lwo (lightwave), .lxo (modo), .obj (multi format); Animated: No; Created In: modo 401; Geometry: Polygons; Materials: Yes; Poly Count: 6594; Rigged: No; Textured: Yes; UV Layout: Yes.
The beautiful and elegant Tribo bar stool is a simple solution to the bar stool. Made from stainless steel and a solid block of wood, it can be stacked thanks to the ingenious way the legs attach to the wooden block.
This mesh was modelled in Modo and includes the timber texture for the seat. I have also included a number of exported file formats (including .dae collada, .obj etc.) and an lxl Modo preset of the mesh for effortless asset management within Modo
White Render; Cobblestone Ground; Blonde Sandstone; Lineal Armchair; Blue/Purple Brick; Jens Risom Caribe Hilton Chair; Random Red Brick.
Keywords: bar, breakfast bar, cafe, design, elegant, furniture, kitchen, pub, simple, stainless steel, wood.
Download Link


text:
A recent walk past my local newsagent left me in no doubt as to the time of year. It seems that the covers of every lifestyle and fashion magazine features last-minute workout plans and crash diets to get their readers beach-ready.
To be sure, summer holidays are just around the corner. And whatever you might be thinking about now, it would seem that front and centre of our to-do list should be not only slimming down so that we can squeeze into that bikini or swimming trunks but getting all those essentials to look great this beach season. You didn't have anything else to do - did you?!
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What an interesting year 2017 will be!
What a surprising - and to some even shocking - year 2016 turned out to be. Perhaps most significantly, it was the year the British people chose Brexit and the year the American people elected Trump. These were two outcomes precious few saw coming. Pundits, pollsters and even psychics told us that it wouldn't happen - that it couldn't happen. Yet, in the end, it did happen... Continue reading »
Happy 2017! It's finally here - we're underway. And whether the new White House occupant was your candidate or whether last year's UK referendum went the way you wanted, what I'm hearing from my clients is a real commitment to turning the page and to making this new year one of change - of doing things differently - of creating better realities for themselves... Continue reading »


text:
|15 May 2011
Windows Search question - will try again here
Hi, I posted this a few minutes ago , https://www.sevenforums.com/browsers-...eml-files.html and someone has moved it to the Browsers and Mail forum.
It is not a "Browser and Mail" question , as such , and as the volume of answers often given in that forum is very low , I'll try again here.
So I will revise my question and leave out the specific file type.
How to get Windows Search to recognise a particular or any everyday file type on an external drive and how to search within that particular file type when Windows Search seems to ignore it's existence. I also have Vista on another machine and there is no problem doing this.
Could you kindly leave this question here. Thanks.
|My System Specs
|15 May 2011
windows 7 Pro 64Bit
Hello, I have a suggestion rather than an answer to your issue. Personally I don't even use Windows search anymore. Now if I need to find something I use Everything Search. It completely blows away Windows search. Best of all it's free.
|My System Specs
|15 May 2011
Thank you. That works OK with my NTFS hard drive , but on my external drive which is Fat32 , it brings up an error message and is unable to scan.
Looks like not compatible with Fat32 although a USB which is plain Fat , is OK.
Thinking of trying Copernic which I used a few years ago with XP.
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
|Similar help and support threads
google search question
Hello. I've often wondered how to turn off this "possibly helpful" tool, if it were not such a pain in the butt. Seems like everytime I go to search for something via google and start to type...it is already trying to read my mind and then starts throwing up suggestions. If I misspell a word in...
|Browsers & Mail
Question on search refining
Hi there, I was wondering if there was a way to make it so windows 7 search will do this: If I search for "hmm" and there is a file named "34325hmm" it will register it as a result. Thank you.
|Performance & Maintenance
newb- Search/Replace wildcard question ...?
In search and replace in MS Word, or Excel, how do I replace this: (415e) with this: (415e) ie: simply search for a number within parenthesis and make it italicized?
|Microsoft Office
New question about search
So I've read a couple of general complaints about search, but I have a very specific one. With XP, you could search for (2).txt and you'd get all of the files which end in exactly that. The new search doesn't seem to even acknowledge the parentheses. I get hits on any filenames that have a...
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Windows search question
Hi, I have a question about the windows search. (in start menu) - when I search for let's say 'log' to find 'event logs' why do I see in the search results things like: 'windows card space', 'create an account' etc. it's makes a mess and has nothing to do with my search term.
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Search Box Question
Hello, When using the Search Box in the Start Menu, it works just great-but at times too great. Pulls up everything with the search word "anywhere" in the file or document. XP had an "exact phrase" option in its Search. Is there anything similar in W7 ? Thanks, Bob
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Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: InStr
09-19-03, 10:15 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Apr 2003
- Posts
- 2
Unanswered: InStr
I have a field that lists names in the following format:
lastname, firstname middleinitial
smith, bob f
I have a query that will separate the first and middle from the last. The problem i have is when i try to separate the middle from the first. Not all fields have a middleinital. So when i run the query I am getting error on the ones that don't have middleinital.
here is the code.
LFirstName: Left([FirstName],InStr([FirstName]," ")-1)
09-19-03, 11:00 #2Cavalier King Charles
- Join Date
- Dec 2002
- Location
- Préverenges, Switzerland
- Posts
- 3,740
what is unique about the second name (or initial)? if your example is typical, your format is:
last-comma-space-first (if there is no middle)
so you need a function to return everything after the second space (or nothing if there is nothing).
i am not aware of an intrinsic function that handles this, so you need to make one (must be global for the query to find it!)
something like
public function getMiddleName(anyString as string) as string
dim finger as integer 'a pointer
finger = instr(anyString, " ", 1)
finger = instr(anystring, " ", finger+1)
getMiddleName = mid$(anyString, finger+1)
don't forget to:
...do something intelligent if either one fails to find a " "
...use some ltrim$ & rtrim$
you could try to stuff this directly into the query, but it will be messy and error-prone.
something like:
= mid$(anyString, instr(anyString, " ", instr(anyString, " ", 1)))
maybe some iif() could fix the possible errors, but then it's even more messy, particulary if you also try to ltrim/rtrim
09-19-03, 11:02 #3Village Idiot
- Join Date
- Jul 2003
- Location
- Michigan
- Posts
- 1,941
You need to test for the existence of the middle initial before performing the mathematical calculation:
intPos = Instr([FirstName]," ")
If intPos>0 then
'there must be a middle initial
'no middle initial
End IfInspiration Through Fermentation


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Wrongful death lawsuits in Louisiana can generally only be brought by the person or persons that the law considers their designated beneficiary. If the victim was married, then the spouse and/or children will be the designated beneficiaries.
Children may also file a separate suit in cases where a parent has died. If the victim was unmarried, then parents have the right to bring an action to recover damages for wrongful death. If the victim has no surviving spouse or parents, then siblings may bring an action against the responsible party.
There are complexities to most areas of law, and wrongful death suits are no exception. Who is eligible to file, and under what circumstances, can be confusing, especially in large, close-knit families, where the desire to punish a negligent party can run deep.
When your family has lost a loved one to another person's negligence, your best course of action is to consult with an experienced New Orleans wrongful death attorney who can help evaluate your situation and offer sound advice on how to proceed.
Because of the high stakes of these kinds of actions, it's important that you act promptly after the facts of the matter are known. Louisiana allows a one-year filing window for wrongful death suits, starting at the time of your loved one's death.
Money is not a fair way to value your loved one's life and legacy, but when it comes to protecting your family's future when it has suffered a profound loss through a negligent but accidental death, financial damages are the best our legal system can offer.
The Gertler Law Firm works closely with families during this difficult time to see that they get the resources they need to move forward after a loss. Call us today at (504) 581-6411 for a free consultation with an experienced New Orleans wrongful death attorney.


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I loved that parody! Check out the original image here. BTW, image provided by Internet Weekly Report and there are more parodies, photo cartoons, humour and satire here.
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It's a place that the tourist must visit, not only for the wonderful attention to the guests by the spectacular landscape. This place has 5 stars hotel and restaurant.
1 - 10 of 22 reviews
It's a place that the tourist must visit, not only for the wonderful attention to the guests by the spectacular landscape. This place has 5 stars hotel and restaurant.
The food is grate but I suppose is the only option you have if you do not want to move the the hotel it is a little bit expensive
Only for personal reasons, I must say I did not like the decor of Las Cumbres, where we went to have tea. There seems to be no harmony in the decoration, and you eyes keep jumping from on furnishing to the next, trying to find...More
Went here for dinner with my fiance and were both so impressed that we decided this is where we want our wedding reception. The food was excellent and the views and the best in the area. The sunset was the most romantic thing in a...More
This place is in an incredible location - the top of a hill overlooking Laguna del Sauce, the Punta del Este airport, the sea etc. Over many years it has become a classic place to have tea and enjoy the sights. We went there last...More
For a very special treat, don't miss Las Cumbres. The high tea is absolutely wonderful and the setting beautiful beyond words.
Visiting good friends in Punta who took us to this fabulous restaurant. The setting is superb with almost 360 degree views of water and the surrounding area. When you have this type of setting you don't always get great food but this time the entire...More
Usually this is an amazing place. Very unique property with amazing views. This time the wait staff just couldn't seem to get anything right and everything took agonizingly long amounts of time. As I usually love this place, I will return, but a repeat would...More
Dear Mr, First of all, let me tell you that we truly appreciate your feedback here in Tripadvisor. We really think that this website is a wonderful way to be in constant touch with the opinions of our guests. Regarding your review, we can only...More
We took the drive up the windy mountain to experience tea time and the sunset views from Las Cumbres. The experience was phenomenal and well worth our time. The setting is shabby chic, very elegant and yet comfortable and casual at the same time. The...More
I showed up at Las Cumbres without a dinner reservation, only to find out that they were closed that evening for a huge wedding party. The staff were incredibly accommodating and found a place to set up a table for me. My meal was excellent,...More
Dear "CK", First of all, thank you for giving your review here in tripadvisor! Weddings in Las Cumbres are very common and as you may have seen they demand our full attention to make sure that all the details are checked in order to provide...More
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Amid the destruction and catastrophic loss of life in Japan, some bright spots are emerging. Untold numbers of animals were undoubtedly lost in the disaster, but reports are beginning to emerge of tiny miacles in the midst of the chaos. The video below is one. It follows a woman as she searches the wreckage of her home (hat tip to Paw Print Post) for her pet cat.
Meanwhile, efforts are underway to help the four-legged storm victims. The Humane Society of the United States and its partner Humane Society International have staged a disaster response team is in the Philippines, waiting to deploy, and coordinating contacts with Japanese groups.
Many people who lived in the path of Hurricane Katrina died because they would not leave their pets behind. Many others fled with pets in tow. Japanese pet owners - some separated from their families - too grabbed their dog and cats and ran for their lives. One Japanese correspondent told HSUS, "The local media reported running into a man walking through the rubble. He said he was looking for his wife…and when the reporter looked again a small Chihuahua was peeking out from under his overcoat. 'I ran as fast as I could with him and the cat, but the cat got lost in the turmoil...' were his words."
To donate go to www.humanesociety.org. In addition, Camp Bow Wow, a national chain of boarding kennels, through its BowWow Buddies Foundation is accepting donations to support the National Disaster Search Dog Foundation, which has deployed U.S. search dogs and their handlers to assist in recovery efforts in Japan. Here is the story of Riley of Santa Barbara and his valiant efforts to find life in the rubble.


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Touchstone 3. Unit 7 Relationships. Lesson A Circle of friends. freak: a thing, person, animal or event that is extremely unusual or unlikely and not like any other of its type organize: to plan or arrange something
Related searches for Touchstone 3
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Unit 7
1. Jen plays in a rock band that's really hot right now, …
2. Nina is an interesting woman who sits across from me at work.
3. Angela / She's a new friend I met through Mike.
Note: ( ) indicates that the pronouns can be omitted
1. I have a friend who / that calls me a lot to talk about her problems.
2. I made some new friends at a club that / which organizes hiking trips and things like that.
3. My best friend has a guitar (that / which) she bought from a rock star.
4. I know someone who / that has a big party once a year for all his friends.
5. I have a really interesting friend (who / that) I met at my health club.
6. I found this cool Web site that / which helps you find your old school friends.
1. Steve and Anna grew up …
2. After they graduated, …
3. But the long-distance relationship didn't work out, …
4. When Steve was 35, …
5. He discovered that …
6. When they saw each other, …
1. Steve and Anna grew up in the same town.
2. Steve and Anna started going out.
3. Anna went away to college.
4. Steve and Anna decided to break up.
along:get along
away:go away, move away
back:come back, fly back, write back
down:settle down
up:break up, grow up, sign up
out:go out, hang out, turn out, work out
1. It's more fun to go out with someone you know than to go on a "blind date."
2. If you don't get along well with your boyfriend's or girlfriend's family, your relationship won't work out.
3. It's good to date a lot of different people before you settle down with one person.
4. After you break up with someone, you should try and stay friends.
5. You should never go back to someone you've broken up with.
6. If you want to meet someone, it's a good idea to sign up for a class.
1. My neighbors are a little bit unfriendly. Maybe they think they're better than everybody else.
2. The people next door go to bed kind of early. They sort of get annoyed when I have parties.
3. The people across the street are always looking out of their window. They seem a little nosy. (I guess) they don't have anything better to do (I guess).
4. The guy above me plays the drums a bit too loud. It gets kind of noisy.
5. One of my neighbors is always coming over. It's irritating, in a way. I think she's probably just lonely.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
3 Listening and speaking A
1. 2. 3.
1. It's nice to see her friendly face.
2. He makes the class fun.
3. He's really good at explaining things.
1.False.Gina remembered Ray because he was her first love.
4.False.You have to become a paying member to contact friends. OR You have to subscribe to the site and become a member. It costs $36 a year.
1. 2. 3.
Don't know
1. He has a lot to do at work now. / He got tired of parties and clubs. / He got busy with other things, like writing songs.
2. His friend got married. / His friend just had a baby. / His friend doesn't have time for running or socializing now.
3. It wasn't working out. / They were just very different people.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
go, move
go, come
eat, work
sign, grow
fall, settle
come, get


text: Eweek android Xiaomi's $69 Mi Box Streaming Video Player Arrives in U.S. The 4K Ultra HD streaming media player incorporates Google Android TV to stream content through a wide range of apps. Xiaomi has announced the arrival of its Mi Box streaming media player for the U.S. market, with 4K Ultra HD video capabilities as well as support for Google Voice Search and Google Cast. The Mi Box player, which was unveiled Oct. 3,... #video #roku #streaming Tweet Source: www.eweek.com Read More


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Five killed in Karachi
The killings were witnessed barely hours after country's Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan claimed target killings were witnessing a decline in the city.
A man, chairman of a mosque committee, was shot dead in the city's Gol Market Nazimabad.
In another incident, two people were killed when unidentified men opened fire on a rikshaw in New Karachi area, police said. Meanwhile, two policemen were killed in a firing incident.


text:
is it possible to be too close to the stage for Les Mis (the show)?(4 Posts)
mckenzie Thu 14-Feb-13 19:19:51
gaelicsheep Sat 16-Feb-13 20:57:50
simplesusan Sat 16-Feb-13 22:51:19
mckenzie Sun 17-Feb-13 16:26:52
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Twist Sport Conditioning exists with ONE mission: To Change the Way the World Trains.
Recognized worldwide, the Twist training paradigm, the basis of all adult, youth, team, and group programs, has impacted the lives of thousands of pro, olympic and elite high performance athletes world-wide.
Twist Conditioning specializes in sports conditioning, sports training, fitness training and athlete training. Start sports fitness training or purchase sports training equipment. We have helped many professional athletes with our sports conditioning and athlete development program for strength training, agility training and speed training.
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Best workout around. I've been to many gyms and done tons of classes - and nothing is like Twist or as good as Twist. I am a busy mom of two kids and have limited time to workout. I need a class...
I first came to Twist with chronic knee pain, and ongoing issues related to surgery on my right knee that had left me unable to get a decent workout for nearly seven years. In that time I'd...
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Nine new gangsters based on Movie and TV personalities.
Ages: 13+Players: 3-5Game Length: 90 minutes
This is not a stand-alone game. A copy of Nothing Personal is required to play.


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FinePix HS50EXR for shooting Bodybuilding competition?
Hi, a buddy of mine asked me to shoot him and friends at an upcoming bodybuilding competition.
I've tried using with Canon PowerShot SX superzooms like the SX30IS before in the past, and the zoom was great, and videos were okay, but the biggest problem was with the focus. Shots could be slightly out of focus due to the strong overhead lights and oiled bodies which are highly reflective and bright that sometimes confused the Canon cameras. I ended up doing burst mode shooting in the hope that the camera would capture at least one shot well. I also had to play around with light exposure to make sure I get the right skin colour. It worked somewhat, but I felt its time to find a new camera.
I don't want to fork out a DSLR camera with a zoom lens yet, and hoping to get by with the HS50EXR and a tripod from say 7-8 rows of seats from the front of the stage. My idea is that the manual focus lens on this Fujifilm camera will help overcome the focus issue since I can manually zoom in. However, when I was testing the camera at a recent IT show, I noticed that even when manual mode is chosen, when I press the shutter button halfway, the camera still did a very quick auto-focus (to and fro, albeit minutely) for final focus. I worry if this would be thwarted by the same lighting and subject conditions.
Any guru's please advise, if the HS50EXR will be a much better choice without doing DSLR, thanks. Or any recommendations for a different camera, or a different way to use it.
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|Silhouette at sunset by Jill Hancock
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|04 Apr 2014
Windows 7 Home Premium 64bit SP1
different BSOD, system freezes and shutdowns. 4 beeps during boot etc.
During the last three weeks, I've been having a number of BSODs, system freezes and random shutdowns. Sometimes my laptop works for 6 hours without problems, and sometimes I get multiple BSODs in an hour.
I'm afraid it's probably a hardware problem that I won't be able to repair in my laptop, but I would really like your help to possibly solve it.
I've experienced:
BSOD error codes 00003B, 000024, 0000F4, 00007E
Computer won't turn on at all. I've had to remove the battery, hold down the power button a few seconds, connect it again to the adapter and then turn it on.
Computer repeats 4 short beeps (I've looked it up, it means a RAM problem). After a few minutes of being off, I can turn it on again.
Everything completely freezes immediately (no mouse, no response on ctrl-alt-delete) but screen remains on
Screen turns off, speakers plop, but the buttons lights and fans remain on.
One of the first errors I've received was (System error TNT.40025 Unexpected processor exception occurred. Error occurred in protected mode, exception/interrupt number 000Dh)
Things I've tried to fix it:
Windows updates
Driver updates (checked on dell website for most recent ones)
BIOS flashed to recent version
reset all BIOS settings back to default
Memtest (I ran it for 15 minutes the first time. No problems. However every other time I've tried to use it, it crashed immediately upon use. Might be because it was on a pretty old Ubuntu cd?)
Use only 1 stick of RAM. Still got crashes with either stick.
Turn my max processor speed to 80%. (this actually seemed to help at first, because I didn't experience a freeze or shutdown and only 1 BSOD in 1.5 days, but unfortunately the problems are back)
sfc /scannow
chkdsk c:
check temperature in speedfan and speccy
In attachment I've put the SF Diagnostic Tool results and the DM Log Collector logs.
|My System Specs
|04 Apr 2014
Right, it looks like you have a hardware failure on your hands. There are a few tests I need you to run.
Prime95 to stress test your CPU.
Hardware - Stress Test With Prime95
Memtest86, I know you have already ran this but you must run it for at least 8 passes.
RAM - Test with Memtest86+
Finally Seatools to scan your HDD for errors.
SeaTools for DOS and Windows - How to Use
Post back the results.
|My System Specs
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Last year, PSPC disbursed $2,000 to assist Wycliffe Thailand in their ongoing efforts to finish crafting 55 Bible stories in the language of the East Lawa people. The Bui Project is the code name for this Bible storying effort. This people group is situated in Thailand, mainly in the province of Chiang Mai. The East Lawa people do not have a written script. There are about 10,000 speakers of the East Lawa language in Thailand. Among them, there are about 11 evangelical Christians while the overwhelming majority of East Lawa people are Buddhists or animists.
Greg and Rosie Blok are Wycliffe missionaries to the East Lawa people. They will be transiting in Singapore from 5 to 8 May and will be giving a talk in PSPC about their work among the East Lawa people. All are welcome to come and hear their exciting ministry and the amazing transformation of lives touched by the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
Date: 7 May (Sunday)
Time: 11am – 12:15pm
Venue: Room 101 (Level 1)