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Sony FE 100mm F2.8 STF bokeh demystified
Sony's new STF (Smooth Trans Focus) 100mm F2.8 GM OSS uses an apodization (APD) filter to create very smooth out-of-focus regions/highlights both in front of, and behind, the focal plane.
But how exactly does it work? Sony has published a video demonstrating the principle, and the effect. Take a look:
The apodization element is a circular graduated neutral density filter that lets in more central light rays than peripheral light rays. This smooths out transitions between out-of-focus elements, leading to quite unique imagery.
What's the real-world impact? Have a look at the image comparison below, which compares the foreground and background bokeh with and without the APD element:
We've had very little time with the lens, but our initial impressions of image quality are extremely positive. If you'd like to learn more about the lens, visit the company's dedicated page on this lens over at Sony Alpha Universe, then take a look at the phenomenal MTF curves on Sony.com's site. Yes, this is a sharp lens, but with beautiful bokeh. And image stabilization, to boot, which, combined with IBIS on most E-mount cameras, will allow you to use slow-ish shutter speeds to maximize light gathering, minimizing noise.
Which you'll need, because wide open, while you have the depth-of-field of F2.8, you have the light transmission of F5.6.
Sony's E-mount system is becoming increasingly hard to ignore for professional results. With the release of the 100mm STF GM and 85/1.8 lenses, Sony is rounding out a format that already accepts arguably the largest lens lineup in history (thanks to its short flange distance). But the importance of a native lineup cannot be over-stressed, as it is native lenses that benefit most from Sony's AF technologies.
A note on autofocus...
Similar STF lenses tend to be manual focus or contrast detect-only, since peripheral light rays - the very ones the filter is designed to block out - are necessary for traditional phase-detect sensors to function. However, since (at least Sony's) on-sensor PDAF sensors can still use more central light rays for focusing, focusing does still work, remarkably well in fact with an a7R II, once you've tempered your expectations for low light performance. That's quite an achievement, in no small part due to the excellent focusing system of the a7R II. What's more, movement of the focus element(s) is incredibly fast, thanks to the excellent Direct Drive SSM mechanism we've seen in blazingly fast-to-focus lenses like the FE 35mm F1.4 and FE 24-70mm F2.8 GM.
"Unlike Sony's recent releases, this lens focuses wide open..."
In other words, I was able to use to the 100mm STF to focus on faces, even using Eye AF, in indoor lighting, despite the T5.6 rating at a F2.8 aperture. This is in no small part due to the fact that this lens, unlike Sony's recent releases, focuses wide open (albeit stopping down after initial acquisition in AF-C). More tests to follow, but simply the fact they got phase-detect AF working, nevermind the AF performance, is nothing short of impressive. That said, in low light indoor conditions, or backlit conditions, the lens does struggle, often misfocusing.
The FE 100mm F2.8 STF GM OSS is already shaping up to be a spectacular lens, adding to an already well-rounded, serious E-mount lens lineup.
I own it
I want it
I had it
Discuss in the forums
There is simply no way for a case as extreme as the foreground lights in the second picture to look natural. The human visual system doesn't work that way. If the foreground lights were important, the brain would refocus the eye on them for an instant, and add an in-focus image to its "3D scene".
So, given that they have to be "unnatural" we go for "pleasing", I'll vote for the smooth blur as the "lesser of two evils".
Now, look at the blur in the upper left of the second image, and tell me you honestly don't think the apodized version isn't radically superior. That's a less extreme, more realistic example of the sort of thing we encounter constantly, and this lens is doing a splendid job of it.
Now, something to keep in mind is that an apodizing filter only produces the best effect wide open, utilizing the edge of the filter that fades to solid black. Stopping down decreases the amount of blur, but what blur is left looks considerably harsher, more like an "ordinary" telephoto.
you're not wrong but you're going a little bit too far, and somewhat very fast at that! :)
yes, human eyes don't see things that way, but when did photography using any kind of lens truly and FULLY match human's eye vision in the first place?
the APO thing in that lens does work and it appears to be working rather fine too and many people would certainly love to have such a lens, including myself, although i know how to create the same or similar effect in post processing too.
but leaving everything to the time consuming pp stage is not very professional, is it?
as for the open aperture story, again, you may be right, but i'm sure this lens comes with rounded aperture blades, which makes the bokeh effect quite usable down to the middle aperture settings if not in all of them. also, since this kind of lens is aimed at portrait photography (as the video emphasizes on that too) how many portrait photographers do you know who may want to shoot portraits using closed apertures really?
I think even / flat discs look very nice on some occasions though.
The "stars" effect can add to the image whatever it's "natural" / as viewed by the eyes or just a result of technicalities.
I don't necessarily view this as (always) "better" from an end result perspective.
Maybe it's more correct, not necessarily more beautiful.
@BBQue, ever hear the saying "cats are Satan's eyes and ears"?
Cats rule.
Then again Satan seem like a much more fun gun than "the holy spirit" too.
"Pleasure and fun? No no! You're a sinner by your heritage who should suffer and if you screw up then I'll surely punish you because that's the kind of good, forgiving and loving person I am!"
Nope, I prefer the old style bokeh over this new lens'. I don't understand why I would want something which looks like software created it.
Defocus your eyes and look at something like a lamp. The lenses in your eyes aren't much different in principle to a camera lens. So you wouldn't see a highly gaussian blur like in these sample images. That's why people prefer the typical bokeh you would expect from a 135mm f2.
You shouldn't see sharp disks, but yes, sharper, structured edges similar to a high quality lens blur. I'm not advocating in favour of either traditional bokeh or the apodization effect, but rather somewhere in between. I believe that they both exhibit unnatural characteristics, traditional bokeh being too structured and the apodization effect being too gaussian. Sadly, lens makers go for bragging rights rather than a less is more approach.
This is a cool lens with some original engineering in it. Kudos to Sony.
The APD looks kinda fake? Almost as if blurred in photoshop. It's probably not so bad for background bokeh (would still prefer non-stf), but for foreground it looks fake.
I like the look the STF produces. Here's the flickr group for the Minolta/Sony 135 STF:
As a short-sighted person, I only need to take off my glasses and look at a bright distant object to see the bokeh of my eye.
My bokeh is flat, round, and quite busy, like a low quality lens.
Cool, now you can spend lotsa money to make look your portraits like you blurred their backgrounds with gaussian filter in Photoshop and still claim "No Photoshop Used" :)
Do yourself a favor and go look at a Minolta/Sony 135 STF gallery and see if you think you could achieve the effect Photoshop.
Assuming you think you could do it with Photoshop don't you think it would be better to not have to do all that postprocessing if you can avoid it (assuming you are looking for the smooth bokeh)?
The lens blurs each background (or foreground) element in direct proportion to how far that element is from the plane of focus.
In order to do that with software, you need a complete 3D reconstruction of the scene. You can either do this with a 3D camera (time of flight (very limited range), stereo or n-eo (complex), lightfield (but we all know how that turned out), or focus stacking (not all that practical for live subjects)) or by using image recognition to sort out all the foreground and background objects (like the rather giggle-worthy results that various smartphone makers have achieved).
Give it a couple more years, and increased processing power in phones and other small cameras, and you'll see the software approaches look a bit better (techniques like SLAM, aka "inside out tracking" build better 3D scene models, but require huge resources).
Right now, the only way to do it right, in one shot, with any combination of subject, foreground, and background, is with a lens.
@berleconi, yes, you can do it with a round diaphragm that gets darker to the edge. Problem is, you'd need a bunch of them. Soligar (remember them) made such a thing decades ago. Except, instead of using a gradually darkening glass, they used a disc with an intricate pattern of holes. Mathematically, it's pretty much the same thing, and much more cost effective.
And you'd have to develop a lens movement mechanism that allowed for a full semicircular arc of the barrel to be cut out for a slot (which eliminates modern focusing mechanisms).
Thanks for this comparison. Now I know to never buy this Sony STF due to too much loss of light + I do not like this kind of blur, it looks artifical and unnatural in some cases, quite boring.
Why not use a front screw on circular graduated neutral density filter?
But this works! https://www.google.co.in/search?q=bokeh+shapes+photos
just like what i said on previous post. a radial GND filter do the trick. it is a fake bokeh just like how we make a star shape bokeh.
Been out for over 15 years and still going strong.
The STF technology has been out for over 15 years as well: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minolta_STF_135mm_f/2.8_T4.5
But, with the Nikkor 105DC, f2 remains f2. Sure, there's not quite the blurriness, but more natural in the way we are used to seeing out of focus highlights. What I'm most concerned with in this illustration is the over abundance of point light sources instead of the backgrounds and foregrounds that 99% of my portraits have. If I want blurry, not creamy unfocused regions, I'll use Photoshop, but if I want a great natural background straight out of the camera, the Nikkor DC still is my choice. Oh, and before anyone starts comparing maximum apertures like newer f1.4 lenses, then take a moment to think about how much of your subject is in focus at such large apertures. In that case, the Sony will really do just fine at f2.8, which is also the aperture I prefer to use with my 105DC, just for that reason. About the only thing the DC is lacking is vibration control -- which has never been a concern in the previous 30 years of practising photography before my first VR lens.
So Sony is saying I can fake medium format bokeh with this lens?
btw... if you are looking for maximum bokeh (in the meaning of thinnest depth of field) 35mm currently is the best option.
Medium-format has a bigger sensor - but the lenses usually don't go that wide open, as the 35mm lenses.
MF picture quality comes from other characteristics, like dynamic range, the type of bokeh,...
Medium format bokeh? What's that?
OP, please read @ThorstenMUC comment, which is right on the money.
Really, I'd like comparisons to the Laowa 105 f2, Nikkor 105 DC, 105 f1.4, 105 AI, 85 f1.4; Canon 85 f1.2 and other "phenominal" or rather "traditional / classic" portrait lenses. Each of these produce qualities that are unique, so even though one may be the "ultimate" lens (did you catch any of these clichés??), the real fact is that we as photographers will all prefer one quality over another. I think it's a good thing that there are many different choices out there -- and sometimes it simply comes down to price or what we currently have.
Looks like a specialist lens. Since I already have an 85, I'm still waiting for a 135 f/2 like Nikon's. I would be interested in a DOF/Bokeh comparison of the 100 at 2.8, and a similar lens at 1.8 or 1.4...
That losing of two stops of light can actually be very handy for using strobes in daylight. And I actually love the bokeh! This would be the ultimate portrait duo in combination with the Nikon 105/1.4E.
Looking forward to the test shots, the bokeh looks so smooth an neutral, like frosted glass. The transmission of T/5.6 does limit the uses unfortunately.
In some cases, like shooting videos in bright light it can actually help you to have a low transmission. You don't have to use ND-filters when shooting at open aperture.
Also remeber that apodiation element will actually increse your dof. At f2.8 you should get similar depth of field that you typically get at f4. That will partly compensate the light loss in situations where you need to have more dof. You can see example images about that dof-difference in here: http://www.imaging-resource.com/lenses/sony/fe-100mm-f2.8-stf-gm-oss-sel100f28gm/review/#fieldtest
New technologies are welcome
some of the minolta people work for sony so its possible but I doubt i since the design is different. the minolta version has two sets of aperture blades.
TheEmrys Minolta do very much still design lenses. They have designed 3 Micro four thirds lenses that have not come to market yet. They produce digital camera lens units for other manufacturers and also projector lenses. The staff also did not go to Sony. At the time Konica Minolta made redundancies. Sony bought the rights to a lens mount.
There is also a Fujifilm APD-variant of the 56mm f/1.2
Notice how the images Sony shows off has that *Simulated image disclaimer. Why couldn't they use REAL images?
"Extremely", "phenomenal", "beautiful", "professional", excellent"", "incredibly", "blazingly", "impressive", "spectacular". For crying out loud, we are just talking about a lens here. And this is a site that tries to give its readers factual unbiased information. All this hyper language is weird and unnecessary and makes the article harder to read. A writing course seems in order ...
You forgot "phenomenal". That's when I stop reading the article.
Optimism seems a legitimate writing style for a unique lens they were obviously impressed with. Were you hoping for the lens to fall on it's face? You could have had a more critical tone to the article but that would not have guaranteed more information. They gave a useful explanation of how the lens works to deliver on the promise of smoother bokeh, provided links to examples and video, and reflected on sharpness and AF (unique for this lens). What else do you really want?
Robemo- You forgot "It's tremendous, OK?" one of our Exalted Leader's favorites. . .
SirSeth- It's not optimism, it's hyperbole. Then again, this forum is the online spiritual center of the Cult of the Gearhead. The preaching is geared toward its rapt audience of votaries.
I don't find untoward that the reviewer is expressing essentially the language of emotion. Photograpy, unless you're doing crime forensic work or certain commercial applications, SHOULD be about evoking emotion. Besides, the reviewer was mostly making judgments, not measurements; how else does one express their judgment and opinion than to use the language of subjectivity?
This is a very well written article by one of the best journalists on this site. He's also a very good photographer and accomplished tester.
He doesn't need to go on a writing course – unlike some of you lot, who would also benefit from a thinking course.
At F2.8 will depth of field and degree of background blur truly be the same as a non-APD lens at F2.8? The fact that peripheral light rays are being blocked should have an effect.
Perhaps a better comparison would be with the Zeiss 135mm f/1.8. You can probably get "just as smooth" bokeh in some situations from the Zeiss but it won't be with a photo taken at (with the depth of field of) F/2.8.
I think Phillip Reeve's review where he compared Sony's old 135mm STF to Laowa 105mm STF shows how unique and buttery smooth the bokeh really is with Sony. Anyone who says the bokeh is artficial or weird, should go and see it. See how "unbusy" the background rendering can be. Now considering the apodizazion filter is even stronger with this new Sony STF, we should expect even better rendering. https://phillipreeve.net/blog/stf-duel-laowa-2105-vs-sony-2-8135/
The rendering won't be better. Probably the increased light loss is probably so that the bokeh will be closer to the 135's. That 35mm change in focal length makes the dof a bit shallower . The compensation of the Apodization element might be just to offset the dof differentce. About a stop of dof for 100 - 135mm is about right.
I'm talking about the rendering, not dof. Two very different things, but of course the dof will also affect how people perceive the overall look of the image. It's actually a common misconception that STF will create narrower dof, when it's actually opposite; apodization element will increase the dof at comparable apertures to non-STF-lenses. As one hands-on reviewer said about this 100mm FE-lens: "f2.8-lens with f4 dof and T5.6 transmisson"
The apodization element will not affect the rendering one iota that isn't related to the blur of out of focus areas. The stronger apodization element is to essentially compensate for the shorter focal length.
And the f4 dof is pure rubbish unless its on an aps-c body. The DOF of every STF made by Minolta or Sony is still f/2.8.
You can see the incresed dof clearly in the example pictures here: http://www.imaging-resource.com/lenses/sony/fe-100mm-f2.8-stf-gm-oss-sel100f28gm/review/#fieldtest
And technical explanation for incresed dof is this: "You don't really have a clear, f/2.8 aperture; a lot of light rays from the edges of the aperture are blocked or attenuated by the gradated neutral density of the apodization filter. This means that the effective aperture is something smaller than f/2.8; in our very rough estimation, the DOF of the FE 100mm f/2.8 STM is about the same as an f/4 lens of similar focal length."
The only obvious effect is on the highlights. I'd say the back ground blur looks a bit better without the filter. Rendering is also a bit cleaner without the filter. Maybe adobe should make a apodize highlights function in lightroom :p.
There are a lot of effects, including lens blur, tilt shift, bokeh, etc. that you can't really mimic with software, but that doesn't stop people from doing it.
In terms of faking shallow DOF, I guarantee that in the future, depth mapping techniques will make blurred backgrounds reasonably acceptable. Why? Because: cell phones.
The apodization effect, in fact, doesn't look that far off from a gaussian blur. It's almost too good of a blur, and depth mapping will allow selective blurring, even in real time.
While the blur is good there is too much loss of light and contrast on the models face.
Yawn! ... A man on a galloping horse isn't going to notice the difference. Nor will want to for that price.
Oh ye of little understanding. :)
From my understanding, the APD element needs to be as close to the aperture as possible. I also understand that the element limits light transmission. With that being said, wouldn't it be better to have a drop in filter system where artists can adjust the strength of the effect, or even - dare I say - add shapes like Lensbaby (shudders).
Yepp... and with drop in filter, we can drop DIY APD-like filter with smaller aperture. With fixed APD, the effect only effective when shooting wide open. Smaller aperture graduated ND gives you the best of both worlds - Sharpness and creamy bokeh.
Here is an interesting DIY project -> http://www.4photos.de/camera-diy/Apodization-Filter.html
No. It would not work in the same way. Whats' special is that the transmission effect is only active in the out of focus areas. This is also why the effect cannot be done by any software. That's also why the DIY suggestion below does not work. Here it works more like a soft filter. STF is specifically not a soft lens effect - which we can just replicate in post.
Who said anything about a soft filter? That guy's examples clearly illustrate the effect without creating a soft filter look.
And it is possible to create that effect in software if you have depth mapping. The new iphones are attempting that, albeit not implemened very well.
Aww I really like the structural defocused blur from a good lens like a 135 f2. I hope they can tune it so it's not too strong.
These look too perfect, and as if it was done with software. Maybe too gaussian? Personally, I appreciate a little more chaos.
Anyway, great article.
I would like to see a direct comparison with the Minolta/Sony 135mm T4.5 STF, I would think as the focal length is longer on the 135mm any OOF background would be more magnified with greater inherent blur (not taking the APD filter into consideration). Another advantage is the 135mm can be used on the a99 II and other A-mount cameras (E-mount with an adapter) where as the 100mm is purely E-mount (I use both A and E mount cameras). The only disadvantage is that its not AF, no big deal to me as I use my 135mm in a limited way, just for the effect.
Nice lens but nothing new, I've had the Fuji 56 F1.2 APD lens for a couple years now.
no cat's eyes!
Really like the full set of capabillites the lens brings out: sharpness, bokeh, autofocus, manual Aperture ring as well as fully automatic. You can get the full effect when filming as well as for photo.
unfortunately it doesn't have a manual focus ring with hard stop...
My iPhone 7+ does bokeh now too. No need to spend hundreds on just a lens!
Bokeh is so overrated.. I Have a very strong fine art background and started getting getting serious about photography for the past 6 years.. Out of all the elements that make a great photograph bokeh is dead last.. Even photo contest winners rarely win because of, ooohhh look how blurry it is... Subject matter, Light, Composition, Story, will make or break your photograph..
@Aroart: Absolutely true! Still, for certain compositions, it is not absurd to think of bokeh the way one thinks about a studio backdrop: the texture, colour(s), mood, that help enhance the look and feel you want to communicate about your main subject. An accessory or a prop. Nothing more. Might as well use one that looks nice to your eyes, or works for your image.
@Aroart, I think you misunderstand what bokeh is used for. It's not for "ooohhh look how blurry it is", but for exactly the opposite. When bokeh is good and smooth, it does not distract the viewer, focusing all of its attention into the subject that's in focus. On the other hand, when you have "nervous" bokeh, it creates unnecessary visual noise that just does not look right.
So, no, bokeh isn't "overrated" or "dead last", it has a very specific place in the composition of your photo. Just like anything in photography, you have to understand how and when to use (and not abuse) it.
Anyone shooting nature shots will probably disagree as leafy, branchy and grassy backgrounds can sometimes jump out of the scenery and ruin even a great shot.
As for your strong fine art background maybe your memory blurred a little since many painters work with such effects for their background to emphasize their main subject .
Exactly, all great painters use different techniques and compositional elements to direct the viewers' eyes to certain parts of the painting. Photography is no different, and subject isolation is one way of doing that. It can be used to highlight the subject, enhance the composition, and tell a story.
I have heard that the effect will be similar with a screw-on radial neutral-density filter on the front of the lens, but that would cause vignetting. (I wonder why it doesn't cause vignetting farther back...) Here's a question. If you have an APS-C camera but a full-frame lens and put a screw-on radial neutral-density filter on that full-frame lens, then will the effect be the same with much less vignetting? Or would the entire effect simply be reduced? It seems like the effect should be the same as on full-frame, because you're just taking a crop of what the full-frame image would be...but I could be wrong. Does the sensor need to "see" the strong vignette, and so APS-C won't do? Has anyone tried this? Do the photos look good?
Why don't they put a transparent grayscale LCD where the iris would otherwise be? Then you could set not only f-stop but also the gradient width between the central clear aperture and the opaque surrounding region. Anybody who wants to patent it, be my guest, but contact me to put my name on the application.
I'm easy with terms, up-front fee $10K, $10 royalty per unit, or let's talk.
Actually, I've tried this (with a color LC panel). Long story, but unfortunately disappointing results. It turns out that even the slightest texturing shows up very clearly, and LC shuttering has other issues too (remember that LC uses polarization). This is why the Minolta solution (inherited by Sony) of bonding plano-concave smoked glass with same-index plano-convex glass to make an apodizing optical flat is really quite brilliant.
Thanks. I would have figured the screen-door effect wouldn't happen, that it would be out of focus and just make it a bit blurrier. B/W should be smoother than color LCD. With sufficiently high resolution, perhaps thin (under 10 micron) circles/arcs as pixels in a bulls-eye pattern it might work.
Other ideas: glass iris blades with gradient edges, maybe made similarly to Sony's apodizing element.
something something electrowetting
Two flats with index-matched oil between them, a stretched flexible membrane separating the oil into two flat volumes, the oil in one of those pigmented with a dark gray colloidal suspension, the other side clear. Varying the amount of clear oil from 100% to ~60% bends the membrane from being entirely pressed against the gray-side flat (open) to just having a small central region against / close to that flat (closed aperture). The curvature of the membrane where it is not pressed against the flat gives a catenary gradient, close to parabolic.
Ultan: As I've discussed many times before, the best solution is probably dynamically varying the aperture -- like Minolta itself did in the Maxxum 7 STF simulation mode 25 (I'll never understand why they buried that function so deeply). Anyway, take a look at my post on this: https://www.dpreview.com/forums/post/59134249
For Canon, Nikon, and Pentax users, the Venus Optics Laowa 105 f/2 STF should do the same trick and I think they announced the lens before Sony did theirs. The only downside is manual focus, but for a little over 1/3rd the price, that should be workable given that this type of shot will often be set up. The Laowa is also a full stop faster at f/2 and a t stop of 3.2. The lens also comes in Sony A-mount for A99 II users since Sony left them out (as usual) :-).
And the 135 is manual focus like the Laowa and a carryover from Minolta. It will now be officially dead since the Laowa is extremely sharp, well built, and half the price of the Sony 135, not to mention a stop faster.
135 STF is very sharp too
The point of the post was that you were claiming Laowa announced STF before Sony did, forgetting that Sony/Minolta had similar lens since 1999
If Laowa is using the terminology "STF" that wording itself is copied from Sony/Minolta.
No argument about the timeframe of the technology and that Minolta developed it. The article just made it sound like something new and the new Sony lens is at least "sort of" autofocus, which is a new feature and the reason they didn't make a new A-mount version may well be that traditional PDAF doesn't work with this type of lens. The Laowa is clearly a Chinese copy, BUT it is a Chinese copy that is built like a Zeiss and from all reports very good https://www.ephotozine.com/article/laowa-105mm-f-2-t3-2-smooth-trans-focus-lens-review-29301 . Dustin Abbott also reviewed the lens and had very positive comments on the build https://dustinabbott.net/2016/06/laowa-stf-105mm-f2-t3-2-review . The biggest advantage of the new Sony lens will probably be enough electronics connection to get exposure correct without as much fuss as with the MF versions, which are admittedly a bit tricky but the price difference is still going to make the Laowa look attractive.
This lens looks like a real winner. A "have your cake and eat it too" lens. Sharpness combines with beautiful bokeh. Well done SONY.
Personally, I usually try to avoid out-of-focus objects in front of the subject. More often than not, it looks unnatural, even weird.
I find the out of focus objects in front of this subject distracting to the point of ruining the photos for me.
I love OOF foreground elements.
Depends on how it's done. Any trick using HDR, shallow DOF, perspective compression, OOF background or foreground, frozen motion, panned motion, ... can look unnatural if not well done, or overdone. In the example shown above, it does look bad because the foreground blobs are too bright and too colourful compared to the pale face of the girl. However, I can see that the photos were shown here to illustrate the difference of the effect, and therefore the subject in this case is actually those blobs! So, no problem here, but I agree it can be bad if not used properly, like all effects or tricks. One of the worst effects is HDR. So unnatural. I would rather have a little bit of blown sky than what I see most of the time on this site, even winning photos.
It needs to be the right subject, the right foreground, and needs to be done right. Otherwise, the forground becomes a distraction, taking you away from your subject. To me the photo above is the wrong subject, done poorly.
Prices of all f/1.2 and f/1.4 portrait lenses got slashed by 50% this morning, especially the more expensive "magical" lenses made by super expensive brands but nobody is buying.
The light circles with a sharp contrasty edge are in fact an anormaly, or an artefact, although we have grown to like them as an effect in certain photos. They can be very distracting when you want people to look at the main subject. The softness of these light circles made available with this filter is so much more natural, and more like what our eyes actually see.
Oddly enough, I prefer a combo of the two- the back+mid-ground of the normal bokeh, with the foreground of the stf.
I find foreground highlight bokeh so ugly and STF really shines in making it look nice, however with backgrounds, the STF sometimes looks too "perfect" for my taste.
Go to Filter>Blur Gallery>Field Blur to open the Blur Gallery. Drop a pin on your focus point, then start dropping other pins where you want to contral the bokeh. Play with the sliders until you get the effect you want.
I really like this new out of focus bokeh. Once again Sony catches Nikon and Canon off guard.
Its the other way round. Do Nikon and Canon offer anything similar?
Nikon has the AF-DC Nikkor 105mm f/2D. Been out for over 15 years. It's a true f/2.0 lens (no light loss). Rather than providing smooth transitions in the bokeh, it uses "Defocus Control" that introduces spherical aberrations. From the photos I've seen, I like the effect even more than the APD approach.
Thanks Alex.
I would like to see the same shot taken with the old A-Mount STF lens. I want to see if it is worth buying the new one. Has anyone seen pictures like that somewhere on the web?
Kind of befuzzled by this article because neither the video nor the story explain how a neutral density filter in the light path makes the out of focus parts of the picture softer nor how it makes them rounder.
The text says: "Out-of-focus light rays....have a gradual radial softening." That is not an explanation. That is a description. There's a huge difference between the two kinds of communication. It's like a doctor saying "your foot hurts because your pedal noiceptiors are being stimulated."
An explanation would be "light waves which normally do A, instead do B because of the actions of C upon D, E, and F."
Can anyone explain in ordinary language what exactly the light is doing as it makes its way through the lens?
Say you have harsh circular edge to an out-of-focus highlight. If you gradually dim that circle as you go radially outward, it'll be less harsh by the time you reach the edge.
Now imagine these interfering with one another. The gradually dimmed circles will have less potentially interfering lines that can cause more complex patterns (busy bokeh).
Does that help? Sorry if it doesn't.
Btw the circles are rounder b/c of the 11-blade aperture, but also b/c, well think of it this way: if you radially darken an aysmmetric OOF highlight enough, you'll notice the asymmetry less.
Again, sorry if that doesn't help.
think of it this way
imagine the signature of a bright bokeh element , like these disks, these pale sharp balloon like shapes... they are actually mimicking the shape of the glass wide open or the visible part of the glass after stopping down ... thats why you can put a cutout star or other recognizable shape and most of the image will be unaffected or little affected but specular bokeh highlight will look like stars or whatever shape the perimeter of the optical path touches
this is done with a simple cutout defining the perimeter of the lens \light path
apd elements do much the same thing imagine spray painting an element around the edge so the outside is darkest and it fades to clear as you go inward now highlight have a soft edge as a result of this graduiated element
or perhaps think of it as a circular graduated ND that kills outside sharp edges
This lens was first introduced still under the Minolta name (STF 135mm f/2.8 T4.5) and it was already considered a very sharp lens. Its optical design was reworked (8 elements in 6 groups in Minolta's compared to 13 in 10 in the Sony's). A truly amazing lens.
Someone commented saying it is an artificial way to make the bokeh look very soft. I don't think it is artificial, because there's no other original way to achieve a such soft bokeh, or there is and I missed it. Or maybe it's his eyes. Or maybe he's a digital-era guy and anything achieve by any optical means will seem artificial to him, unless done on a computer.
artifice is from the hand of man , now the natural condition of highlights from every lens ever made is oof bright lights look more or less like baloons of light ... soome are more pleasing than others but they all make sharp baloons
this is the natural state of lenses p e r o i d
now if you change that with a specially shaped nd filter which is what these s apd lenses do then youe are using artifice to manipulate something into something else
st pauls cathederal was praised in the words of the day by calling it
and artificial
amusing calling to mind the influence of the muses
awful inspiring awe
and artificial , possessing of worthy artifice from the hand of an artisan \artist
remember , artificial sunlight from an lcd is still light and can bring in a bumper crop at old macdonalds hydroponic farm
LensBaby sells (or used to sell) aperture inserts for the original or second generation lenses.. You could get inserts with aperture cut in different designs and this caused oof lights to be in the shape of the aperture.
I think one had Christmas Tree aperture...
They also sold blanks so you could cut out your own weird aperture shape. Gold Fish bokeh.
So umm, why does Amazon still call this an 85-100mm fixed prime?
|_MG_5100 by tim and jan
from Welcome to the Saloon!
|The Grimm 11 year old by Ryan Gardner
from Trick or Treat
|Heron with fish by APenza
from A Big Year - birds
Read the story behind this gorgeous wedding photo captured at Trolltunga in Norway by husband and wife duo Priscila Valentina Photography. The 14 hour hike in the rain that preceded this shot was TOTALLY worth it.
Go behind the scenes with filmmaker Nick Arcivos, who recently created a beautiful cinematic short film in Paris using only the iPhone X, a couple of gimbals, and a few lights. The results are very impressive.
A Bay Area startup offering a pay-by-the-photo camera service cleverly addresses the pain points photographers experience when they pick up their first DSLR. But can it survive the smartphone?
It's been a big year for software innovations, dual cameras and huge displays. Take a look at our picks for the top smartphone cameras and why we think they stand out.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017. At the #7 spot is the ready-for-any-weather Olympus Tough TG-5.
By combining his skills as a time-lapse filmmaker and an engineer, Julian Tryba created this out-of-this-world creative 'layer-lapse' of New York City that alternates between night and day in time with the music.
Canon Japan's new lineup of novelty camera-themed gifts was just revealed online, including a lens mug and lens thermos, two retro camera-themed USB drives, and a picnic mat.
The Profoto A1 most certainly isn't for everyone [...] But for those who are used to using the Profoto systems, and want something that pairs seamlessly with the strobes you already have, there is no better companion.
Fujifilm has asked a US district court to clear it of any wrongdoing, after allegedly being threatened with trademark litigation by Polaroid.
While a couple of our reviewers are out testing the Sony a7R III in Arizona, back in Seattle we slapped the camera in front of our studio scene to get a close look at its image quality. See how it stacks up against the competition.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017, and the #8 ranking belongs to the Nikon D7500.
B+W has announced a new aluminum filter holder that offers three slots so users can use multiple filters at the same time. The holder goes with the 2mm thick 100mm square filters it launched earlier this year.
8K video is coming a lot faster than you think, and Blackmagic is ready for it. Meet the DeckLink 8K Pro, a new high performance PCI-E capture and playback card built to handle 'real time high resolution 8K workflows.'
"Glass is everywhere in photography. From Eugène Atget's reflective vitrines to Lee Friedlander's sly self-portraiture, photographers have long been in thrall to the visual complications glass can inject into a composition."
Former Apple Aperture lead developer Nik Bhatt has designed an iOS app called RAW Power that lets you edit raw photos from your professional camera using your phone and tablet.... color us intrigued.
Advertising photographer Blair Bunting got his hands on the new Microsoft Surface Book 2, and it blew him away. Bye bye MacBook Pro...
The OnePlus 5T retains many of the 5's features and specs, but comes with an edge-to-edge display and a dual-camera that is optimized for low light.
Sony's recently announced IMX461 backside illuminated medium format sensor will bring 100MP resolution and almost 2x the speed to the next-gen Fuji GFX and Hasselblad X1D.
With the 'Rent a Hasselblad' camera equipment renting program, the camera makers is aiming to give enthusiast and professional photographers easier access to its medium-format photography products.
They say seeing is believing, and that's exactly what happened when one DPR staffer took the Google Pixel 2 out for an afternoon shooting under challenging conditions.
We're counting down our top 10 most popular sample galleries of 2017. At the #9 spot we have the Fujifilm GFX 50S, a medium-format camera that took CP+ 2017 by storm.
Instagram is testing a new feature that lets you follow hashtags in addition to people, making it possible to keep track of your favorite #landscapes or #portraits without leaving your home feed.
Despite the gigantic volume of second hand film bodies in existence, it seems there is still a demand for new 35mm SLRs with a retro feel. The latest is a remake of the Ihagee Elbaflex from the 1960s, but with a Nikon F mount.
The Polaroid Insta-Share Moto Mod straps an instant printer directly to your Moto Z smartphone, so you can print your photos as soon as you've captured them.
The Mitakon Speedmaster 135mm F1.4 lens is being relaunched in 7 different mounts, including: Sony A, Sony E, Canon EF, Nikon F, Fujifilm G, Pentax K, and Leica L. Got an extra three grand lying around?
In January, Kodak announced it would bring back the beloved slide film Ektachrome. The timeline has been pushed back a bit, but Kodak says you can expect to purchase Ektachrome again in 2018.
Instagram popularity is threatening some of the most beautiful landscapes in the US, as hordes of 'nature lovers' trample over the same spots over and over again in search of the same exact shot.
You'd have to be pretty brave to immerse your $50K RED cinema camera underwater. But if you've got the guts, Gates just released a new housing you can be pretty sure won't wreck your unbelievably expensive toy.
Adobe has released a 'Lightroom Downloader' app for Windows 10 and macOS High Sierra that allows you to download all of your images from the Adobe Cloud, all at once.
After releasing a popular 4K action cam and an affordable mirrorless M43 camera, Chinese camera maker YI is diving into yet another market: 360° VR. Meet the YI 360 VR: a powerful little two-lens camera that can shoot and stream in 4K.


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- Disabilities
- News
- Resources
- About
- Events
- Contact
- Membership
With your gift we can give a child a fighting chance.Florida's Voice on Developmental Disabilities is an all volunteer organization receiving no governmental funding so that we may remain an independent voice for families.→ read more
Florida's Voice on Developmental Disabilities (FVDD) is a statewide independent advocacy and networking non-profit organization comprised of families and friends of persons with developmental disabilities.→ read more
The core of FVDD and what we do is defined in our mission "to be an advocate for dignity and choice for persons with developmental disabilities."→ read more
Date: Aug 20, 2017
Young adults on the autism spectrum are more likely to also have been diagnosed with a psychiatric condition, such as depression, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than are typically developing people or those with other developmental disabilities, a study finds.Read more
Date: Apr 06, 2017
As we have seen in the very unique 2016-2017 presidential campaign. it is critically apparent that individuals who would like to effect change stay informed and active!)' participate in the legislative process. As the saying goes, "If you do not vote, don't complain."Read more
Date: Aug 22, 2017
Saturday, October 28, 2017
Holy Cross Hospital
4725 N. Federal Highway, Fort Lauderdale, FL
Florida's Voice on Developmental Disabilities
Read more
Date: Aug 19, 2017
The Annual Expressive Arts Musical is an annual event, offered free to the community, that involves many of the children and adults who participate in the music & art therapy programs at Ann Storck Center....Read more
Find out what is happening across the state.
Information to help you plan and protect the ones you love.
Florida's Voice is now on Facebook!
© Copyright 2017. "Florida's Voice ". All rights reserved. | Site by Trifecta


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Your Complete IT Department
At MainStay Solutions, we provide first-class I.T. services to businesses of all shapes and sizes. Our knowledgeable and friendly technicians will work with you to create a solution that will lead to a stress-free workplace.
Professional and expert advice that you can understand.
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24/7 technical support for every day of the year.
About MainStay Solutions
MainStay Solutions was born from the idea that technology should be proactive instead of reactive. Since 2005, MainStay has worked with businesses large and small to make sure they have everything needed in order to take full advantage of the technology available.
We support small, midsize and large businesses with personalized IT Solutions that fit your company's unique needs and business model. No two companies are the same and we work hard to structure a company's immediate technical needs with their overall growth and budget.
To offer our clients the very best options available we have partnered with some of the nation's leading vendors to deliver fast, efficient and cost effective solutions.
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The day after Australia Day, I had an early start and a long day. I used it to see if I could make 10 strangers smile. Here's what happened.
Commentary and critique by Leticia Mooney
About / Contact / My Books
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& critique.
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Development of Full Text Search, Analytics and Logging Applications.
While in the beginning Elasticsearch was mainly developed as a full-text search engine it rapidly involved to a tool that fits many purposes: Besides being used for search and data retrieval it can also be used as your primary data store, for log data, time series data and as base platform for analytics tools. It's fairly easy to build your own Elasticsearch cluster to fit the scale of your application. Elasticsearch offers an easy-to-use interface which is quite developer friendly. Its schemaless nature can fit a lot of different data structures.
/// Advantages of Elasticsearch
- Easy to use and scale
- Multi-purpose
- Search Engine with mighty capabilities
- Open Source


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New spots will be listed for the custom list soon, please keep an eye on my Facebook page for announcement!
There is one custom spot listed every Thursday night at 9pm (EDT) in my Etsy store
For more custom spot listings please check the Bamberoo Facebook page!
If you'd like to buy a ready to ship carrier, go to Hyenacart, where new carriers listed once a month. For announcement, please check Facebook!


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The most luminous galaxies are not particularly bright in the visible light region. Most of their light — which can be hundreds or thousands times greater than the light from our Milky Way — is emitted in infrared wavelengths. The power source of these galaxies is star formation and other activity around a supermassive black hole at the galaxies' heart, the so-called active galactic nucleus (AGN).
The radiation from the physical processes around AGN is absorbed by dust that is re-emited in the infrared. The manner and degree to which AGN affect their surroundings are a critical part of each galaxy's evolution. Astronomers working on the EU-funded 'AGN as probes of galaxy evolution' (AGNPROBES) project have been successful in quantifying related processes.
The AGNPROBES scientists focused on two different types of dust-obscured quasars — the compact region in the centre of galaxies that includes a black hole. They selected galaxies where stars are still being born around their centre or were being formed until recently. The mass of their AGN was estimated and compared with the statistical dispersion of stars' velocities around their mean value.
For the sample of galaxies where there is ongoing star formation, the astronomers found more massive black holes at their centre and lower stellar velocity dispersion. Together with the shift of emission lines towards longer wavelengths which is caused by the atmosphere of stars, these findings indicated an unusually rapid growth of these galaxies.
The same trend was observed in the sample of post-starburst quasars. The spectra of these AGNs displayed both broad emission lines as well as absorption lines by the host galaxy. These were used to estimate for the first time the velocity dispersion of stars around the galaxies' centre, which had been born before star formation activity was temporarily stopped.
The AGNPROBES project was a systematic attempt to analyse galaxies with higher redshift than those analysed until today. Through the empirical M-sigma relation between black holes' mass and stellar velocity dispersion, the causal link between galaxies and supermassive black holes that reside within them was better established. However, the question of the interdependence and its origin remain open.
Provided by CORDIS


text:
Thoughtcrimes Trailer (2003)
"In a fight against crime, her mind is their most valuable weapon." 01 January 2003 Drama, Action, Thriller 86 mins
Freya McAllister suddenly starts hearing voices in her head on the night of her High School Prom. One night Dr Michael Welles arrives telling Freya that she isn't crazy but that her voices are the thoughts of everyone around her. He teaches her to turn her telepathic powers into a powerful gift. What he doesn't say is that he works for the National Security Agency...
Watch the official Thoughtcrimes 2003 trailer in HD below or find more Thoughtcrimes videos on Vidimovie.


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Chancellor Angela Merkel faced her challenger in a subdued TV debate two weeks before German elections, arguing Sunday that the country needs a new center-right government to boost Europe's biggest economy as it emerges from recession.
Center-left challenger Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who is opposing Merkel in the Sept. 27 vote and trailing badly in polls, portrayed himself as a champion of "social balance" and said a shift to the right would mean a growing gap between rich and poor.
Polls by two television channels found neither candidate scoring a decisive win in a debate that, like much of the campaign, was short on passion and personal attacks. RTL put Merkel ahead by a 37-35 percent margin; ARD gave Steinmeier a narrow 43-42 percent win.
Merkel, a conservative, was looking to strengthen her chances of ending an awkward "grand coalition" with Steinmeier's Social Democrats. In a second term, she aims to form a new center-right government with a pro-business opposition party, the Free Democrats.
"This 'grand coalition' has worked well under my leadership," Merkel said, pointing to a decline in unemployment since she took office in 2005.
"But I think that we pursue this course with more determination ... and so I am campaigning for a new government," she said. "The 'grand coalition' did great work and now – in the most serious crisis since the '30s – we really need a determined policy for more work."
Steinmeier, Merkel's foreign minister and vice chancellor, also praised the coalition's work, but insisted it "fell short of its possibilities" because Merkel's Christian Democratic Union failed to support center-left proposals such as the introduction of a minimum wage.
He pushed that call, arguing that a "downward wage spiral" in Germany must be stopped. Merkel said a one-size-fits-all minimum wage would mean jobs lost, and argued for each industry to set its own minimum.
Merkel is pledging tax relief, at an unspecified point. She argued that that would motivate people and stimulate growth to pull Germany out of its worst economic crisis since the 1930s.
The key question is "how do we get out of this valley as fast as possible?" Merkel said. "For me, a three-word sentence is the credo: growth creates jobs."
Steinmeier was quick to counter, however, that with the government racking up big debts to deal with the crisis, "that isn't possible."
A center-right government "will mean that those who helped cause the crisis are not made responsible for its costs; (it) will mean that the gap between poor and rich grows; (it) will mean that there is a return to nuclear power," he said.
Both candidates defended the decision to offer billions in credit to help a Canadian-Russian consortium buy a majority in automaker Opel from General Motors Co.
"A company that builds great cars has been given a chance," said Merkel. Steinmeier defended the move as saving jobs.
One issue where they sparred was Germany's plan to shut down all 17 nuclear plants by 2021. Steinmeier is defending that plan, worked out by his party's previous government with the Greens. The "grand coalition" has stuck with it, but Merkel wants to extend the life of some reactors until more sources of renewable energy can be developed.
"The nuclear exit must stay," Steinmeier said. But Merkel said nuclear power should still be used as a "bridging technology" until Germany can shift to renewables.
Overall election polls give Merkel's CDU and its Bavaria-only sister, the Christian Social Union, a lead of 12 percentage points or more over the Social Democrats. They show a majority, though not a big one, for a center-right alliance.
Merkel sought to cast doubt on the Social Democrats' promise not to form a government with the opposition Left Party, which opposes economic reform and Germany's military presence in Afghanistan. She questioned whether it was good for the next parliament's whole four-year term.
Merkel and Steinmeier agreed on Afghanistan, where both have supported German troops' unpopular deployment.
Steinmeier argued that the foundations for an eventual withdrawal, at an unspecified date, should be laid over the next four years. Merkel said it makes sense to exert "a bit of pressure ... so that Afghanistan takes its fate in its own hands."


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Former presidential candidate Dr. Ben Carson stunned many when he endorsed Donald Trump for president. Just a few days later, Carson admitted he would not only be advising Trump during the presidential campaign, but could also play a possible role in a Trump administration.
Many speculated this would mean a cabinet position for the retired neurosurgeon, who has displayed a wealth of knowledge both in medicine and education. Yet it seems these speculations might have underestimated Carson.
Today it was announced that members of Carson's campaign team are planning to meet in Palm Beach, Fla., to discuss the possibility of a Trump/Carson ticket.
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The meeting, which will take place March 29, will include Ben Carson Jr., former Carson campaign chairman Robert Dees, ex-campaign manager Ed Brookover, treasurer Logan Delaney, and former senior adviser Mike Murray.
Brookover has recently joined the Trump campaign to lead a "delegate selection team," suggesting the two sides have a strong working relationship.
TRENDING: Joe Biden Says the Man Who Shot the Texas Church Shooter Shouldn't Have Had an AR-15
According the multiple sources, the group will discuss a vice-presidential push as well as what to do with the 700,000-member mailing list Carson's campaign compiled.
Carson has suggested before that he would be open to run as Trump's VP stating, "I told Mr. Trump that if it was really going to make a big difference, I'd be willing to," he said.
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In addition to those meeting on the 29th, the main Carson related super-PAC is also pushing for a vice-presidential ticket between Trump and Carson.
"President Trump will need the wise counsel and moral compass of Dr. Ben Carson," said super-PAC founder, John Philip Sousa. "One of the reasons we called our group 'The 2016 Committee' was to give it inordinate flexibility. The 2016 Committee will now kind of morph itself into the objective of having Dr. Carson be Donald Trump's running mate."
The Trump campaign has yet to comment on the possibility of a Trump-Carson ticket.
h/t: NewsMax
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Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 184.108.40.206
Forum Moderators: open
Every page I navigate on the NetSol site is giving me this annoying error:
Adobe Flash Player 9
Where is the debugger or host application running?
- Localhost
- Other Machine
-IP Address
My Flash plugins are fine on any other site. I'm wondering if they've been hacked and this is some phishing attempt, or this is some Flash created by NetSol that is telling me I need to upgrade my environment to suit that of the overbloated corporate web site I am visiting. Has anyone else seen this?
If this is something programmed into Flash, I hope I don't accidentally put it into any of my Flash projects, or I'd deserve the ire of a thousand fleas.
So to prevent your viewers from ever getting spammed with "Where is the debugger" modal windows, ensure all your swfs (embedded and run-time loaded) are non-debug or force your viewers to update to the most recent flash player if they don't have atleast 9,0,115,0.
Reference available via PM
By the way, started seeing this *after* updating my Flash plugins.
Other sources indicate a corrupted Flash player or user configuration, none of which "fixes" the issue.


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An illustration drawing without any word(s), letter(s), or number(s)
Arranging and conducting disc jockey competitions
Business in Ibiza, 07800, ES


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Price is for a pair of lenses (2 lenses), and if you buy two pairs, the third pair is free.
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Bob Gimlin Autographed Display PATTERSON BIGFOOT FILM
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Presents this Hand Signed 8x10 Display
An attractive display featuring an authentic autograph.
A genuine hand signed autograph mounted with a High Gloss picture. Ready to place in a standard 8 x 10" frame for display! This is not a pre-print or a reproduced signature. It is Hand Signed by the celebrity. Comes with our own COA that guarantees authenticity forever.
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In other news, I unlocked my new (my bosses old) Nokia today, so I now have a cell phone again. The number is the same (682-560-9975), but all my contacts are gone. Please send me your phone numbers if I have ever called you. If I haven't, you can send me the number, but I might not add you. Danke!
EDIT: Compiling a project with Mono using the 2.0 framework, I get a Mono.Data.SqliteClient.dll not found. I quick grep shows that it is there:
bperry@bperry-desktop:~$ sudo find / | grep Sqlite | grep gac
It is installed in the GAC, so why can't it be found by gmcs?
EDIT II: I don't know what I am going to do about my desktop...I think I need to reload it. libmono-sqlite-2.0 is indeed installed, but while working on the database SQL stuff, the assembly disappeared...literally. It just vanished. Before I can reload though, I need to get a new DVD-ROM drive. That is part of my problem, I opted to go cheap about 2 years ago, and now it is coming back and biting me. Whenever I install _any_ OS, random packages get flubbed.


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I Have Birth Control
Birth Control anonymous support group with information on diagnosis, treatment, symptoms, along with personal stories and experiences with Birth Control. You're not alone. 3 People
Definitely!For sure I am! I've been on the pill ever since I gave birth to my son. No more unplanned pregnancies for me! lol
iluvunot 22-25, F 0 Nov 29, 2009
I Have Birth ControlI'm on the pills, when I was over 15, after first sexual experience.
Beata1962 26-30, F 0 May 27, 2008


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About Us
The Mentrau Iaith (Language Initiatives) are dynamic, voluntary, community organisations that promote the use of Welsh throughout Wales and Mentrau Iaith Cymru supports their work on a national level to increase the use of Welsh in our communities.
The Mentrau Iaith
The aim of the Mentrau Iaith is supporting and promoting the Welsh language across Wales.
The first Menter Iaith was established in the Gwendraeth Valley in 1991, and in the years that followed, volunteers from other communities across Wales came together to form their own Mentrau. Today, there are 23 Mentrau Iaith which serve each and every part of Wales.
The Mentrau Iaith are the way in which local communities work together for the benefit of the Welsh language. They have proven to be an effective community development model whose work makes a real difference to local communities.
The work of each Menter Iaith is managed by voluntary management committees and each Menter works with a variety of other partnership organisations locally.
Mentrau Iaith Cymru (MIC) is the national organisation which supports the work of 23 local Mentrau Iaith across Wales.
MIC supports the network of Mentrau Iaith through a wide range of activities and service areas, including marketing and communication, training and influencing for the benefit of the Welsh language and Welsh speakers. The principle of sharing – information, resources, experiences and ideas – is central to our work.
We also develop regional and national projects in partnership with the Mentrau Iaith and other organisations. Go to the our work page to learn more.
A Brief History…
Early Years of the Mentrau: 1991-1999
The first Menter Iaith was established in the Gwendraeth Valley in 1991. By 1998 there were five Mentrau, namely Cwm Gwendraeth, Aman Tawe, Taf Elai, Maldwyn and Môn. Following the success of these Mentrau, demand grew within other communities across Wales to establish their own local Mentrau. During this period the Mentrau actively shared information, experience and advice across Wales in order to help the development of new Mentrau.
Mentrau Iaith Cymru: 1999-2004
Mentrau Iaith Cymru was established in 1999 by the network of Mentrau Iaith, having recognised the need for regular meetings, networking opportunities and sharing of information, experience and good practice, as well as giving the Mentrau a collective profile and national platform.
During this period, local Mentrau staff and volunteers worked tirelessly to establish and develop MIC as a national organisation.
2004 – 2012
MIC recruited its Development Officer as the first member of staff in 2004 who undertook important work to develop MIC as a national body to support the network of Mentrau Iaith across Wales. The main duties included organising a programme of regular meetings and events, research into funding opportunities, strengthening communication and sharing of information between the Mentrau, as well as acting as a main point of contact between the Mentrau and other partners in order to facilitate collaboration and sharing of good practice.
A number of national projects were developed during this period, including the Battle of the Bands in partnership with the BBC, Menter Patagonia to promote the Welsh language in Argentina and mentoring schemes between the Mentrau to share ideas, experience and information.
By 2012 there were 23 Mentrau Iaith and the network of Mentrau now served each and every part of Wales.
2012 – Present
In 2012 MIC attracted grant funding from Welsh Government, resulting in the recruitment of a National Coordinator to join the Development Officer to further support the network of Mentrau Iaith. This resulted in MIC's work developing further, undertaking new projects to support the Mentrau including training, conferences, more activities to influence policy makers, research and greater representation within national networks and strategic groups as well as increased marketing activities.
In January 2015 the Mentrau Iaith succeeded in attracting further financial support from Welsh Government which allowed MIC to develop its team further, recruiting a Training Officer and Marketing Officer.
The team of four officers now work closely with the local Mentrau, MIC's Executive Committee, and a range of partnership organisations to provide MIC's highest ever level of service and support to the Mentrau, and as an organisation we are constantly looking to expand and develop our services for the Mentrau and for the benefit of the Welsh language.
Meet the Team
Mentrau Iaith Cymru, Y Sgwâr, Llanrwst, Conwy, LL26 0LG 01492 643401Email Iwan Hywel
Iwan Hywel
Training Officer
Likes? Rugby, Football, wildlife and any sort of pie
Dislikes? Heights, egg custard and modern technology.
Biggest pleasures? Raising 3 little rascals and working supporting the Welsh language.
Biggest challenges? Raising 3 little rascals and working supporting the Welsh language.
Mentrau Iaith Cymru, Y Sgwâr, Llanrwst, Conwy, LL26 0LG 01492 643401Email Marged Rhys
Marged Rhys
Development Officer
Likes? Music, going for walks, learning new technologies, camping
Dislikes? Sitting in cityt traffic, the smell of bananas in the car, people talking during films (even if it's in Welsh!)
Biggest pleasures? Going for a walk along the Menai in Caernarfon on a sunny day.
Biggest challenges? Finding the time to do everything, and still have enough left to relax.
Mentrau Iaith Cymru, Yr Atom, 18 Heol y Brenin, Caerfyrddin, Sir Gaerfyrddin, SA31 1BNEmail Heledd ap Gwynfor
Heledd ap Gwynfor
Development Officer
Likes? Travelling – home and abroad, languages, music of ALL kinds, mountaineering, cooking, choral singing, films, photography, reading
Dislikes? apathy
Biggest pleasures? Playing on Llansteffan beach with son
Biggest challenges? Raising a family; getting everyone to use the Welsh language of course!
Likes? Travelling – home and abroad, languages, music of ALL kinds, mountaineering, cooking, choral singing, films, photography, reading
Dislikes? apathy
Biggest pleasures? Playing on Llansteffan beach with son
Biggest challenges? Raising a family; getting everyone to use the Welsh language of course!


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Today is the release of the first of several recording projects I'm unveiling this year, Julia Felice and the Whiskey Crisis's Devil on Your Back. I've been playing with Julia and friends since a few months after she released her debut Diving for Falls in 2015, and I'm excited and proud of the creative chemistry that resulted in this new LP. I play bass, sing some backup vocals, and provide some organs, electric piano, and other keyboard sounds alongside Julia's piano playing. I also contributed to two tracks as a writer, the Leon-Russell-meets-Black-
You can check out some of the kind write-ups on the album that have been appearing on the interweb, or you can just listen and buy the album on BandCamp or whiskeycrisis.com.
We'll be celebrating the release tonight (April Fool's Day) at The Range in Ithaca, New York, with music from 9 into the wee hours of the night.
My performance schedule is ramping up into the warmer months, and you can keep track at samuelblupowitz.com. And coming soon — new releases from Thru Spectrums and Noon Fifteen.
In fact, here's a live performance by Noon Fifteen from WVBR's Tuesdays with the Band this past January. This project is going to be utilizing video for musica great deal, so subscribe to our YouTube channel to keep up to date.
February is upon us, and I have some music to (hopefully) brighten your day a bit.
Last month marked the third annual NPR Tiny Desk Concert contest, and two of my musical groups submitted some homemade videos!
Here's Noon Fifteen with an original composition, Even If:
…and Thru Spectrums with To the Daylight (from our new album that will be released this May)
It's been a few weeks since 2017 began, but my Christmas tree is still up, so I stand by my greeting.
It's been some time since I've sent out a music e-mail. It's not for lack of activity — in fact, 2016 was one of my busiest yet for performing in my various bands and projects (as well as a number of sit-ins and guest spots), and I also spent a lot of time in the recording studio.
But 2017 promises to have a little more to show for it. [..]