text:
Rangers manager Mark Warburton suffers first loss in job against St Johnstone
Mark Warburton was handed his first defeat as Rangers boss as St Johnstone dismissed the Championship leaders from the Scottish League Cup with a 3-1 win at Ibrox.
The third-round encounter was deemed to be the biggest test of the season for the Englishman, whose team had won 11 consecutive games in all competitions since he took over in the summer.
His rival boss Tommy Wright was delighted afterwards. He said: "Michael O'Halloran has real pace. We knew Rangers would have lots of the ball and he is a good outlet for us.
"We played some good stuff as well. If the media don't give us praise, so what? Rangers had a right go even at 3-0. We defended well against a very good side."
St Johnstone took the lead in the 18th minute when the lively Michael O'Halloran's cross from the right was cleverly flicked on by Steven MacLean to Murray Davidson, who knocked the ball in from three yards for his first goal of the season.
Gers should have been further behind three minutes later when O'Halloran drove into the box and set up MacLean for an easy tap-in, only for the former Rangers striker to balloon over.
Their defensive fragility proved costly again just before the half-hour mark.
David Wotherspoon's corner from the left found the unmarked Simon Lappin at the edge of the box and he smashed a wonderfully-executed left-foot drive past Wes Foderingham.
The supporters had barely taken their seats for the start of the second-half when O'Halloran raced through the centre of the Gers defence, past Danny Wilson and Rob Kiernan, to poke a MacLean ball home.
Gers fought back as Nathan Oduwa clipped the bar in the 55th minute before James Tavernier weaved his way into the Saints box to fire the ball high into the net to send a surge of energy through the Rangers players and fans, but it proved to be a consolation in the end.
Belfast Telegraph
Related Content
- Wary Janko urges Bhoys to stay alert
- We won't be judged on St Johnstone test, insists Rangers boss Mark Warburton
- Rangers fan Scott Allan is happy to be with Celtic


text:
MILAN, Sept 27 (Reuters) - Italian market regulator Consob on Tuesday detailed stakes that Fiat's creditor banks hold in the industrial group after they converted a 3 billion euro ($3.61 billion) loan into Fiat shares. Banca Inesa owns 5.633 percent of Fiat, UniCredito owns 5.338 percent, SanPolo IMI owns 4.235 percent, and Capitalia owns 3.487 percent after they converted their parts of the loan into equity on Sept. 20, Consob data showed. Four other banks from the group which extended ...
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Has anyone stayed at Caribe Royale and used their shuttle to Magic Kingdom? I'm wondering how feasible it will be to come back for an afternoon break. I'll also have a rental car, so if anyone can shed light on how long it will take me to leave park, get to my car, and drive to the hotel, I would appreciate it. I can get a great deal on a 2 bedroom villa, and the hotel has great reviews, but I'm trying to determine if it's going to be more of a hassle than it's worth. Thanks in advance!


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|Applies To:
|I want to use Multimonitors without
including the CSV_Include project.
|Although it is recommended to use
Multi-Monitors with V5.5 and above and including the CSV_Include
project, it is possible to avoid using the CSV_Include project with
multimonitors. Here is what you need to do:
1. Copy all cicode files from the CSV_Include project to your project folder in Windows Explorer. These include the following:
CSV_Alarms.ci, CSV_DataBase.ci, CSV_Display.ci, CSV_File.ci, CSV_Form.ci, CSV_ListBox.ci, CSV_Math.ci, CSV_MenuConfig.ci, CSV_MessageBox.ci, CSV_Misc.ci, CSV_MultiMonitors.ci, CSV_Navigation.ci, CSV_ScreenNotes.ci, CSV_Security.ci, CSV_Strings.ci, CSV_Tag.ci, CSV_Trend.ci, CSV_TrendX.ci, CSV_WinUtl.ci
2. Add the following Citect.INI parameter:
3. Also, you need to have valid page names under the [Multimonitors]StartUpPagen Citect.INI parameter.
Note that the default value of the above Citect.INI parameter is CSV_Start and is hence an invalid page name for projects not inlcuding the CSV_Include project. Failure to specify valid page names under that INI parameter will result in only one window being displayed on start up.
There is currently an issue with the above settings as the Citect.INI parameter [Multimonitors]StartUpPage1 always defaults to [Page]StartUp. To work around this issue, always specify the page you want to display on the first monitor at startup under the [Page}StartUp Citect.INI parameter. You can now use the CSV cicode functions designed for multi-monitors.
It is to be noted that the above method is valid for Citect Scada V5.5 and above due to the fact that there were some changes in the Citect.ci file in the Include project.
Related Links


text:
Search Results
| "A small music box received from a young Yharnam girl.
Plays a song shared by her mother and father.
Inside the lid is a small scrap of paper, perhaps an old message. Two names can be made out, however faintly, Viola and Gascoigne."
Tiny Music Box Usage
- When used in the fight against Father Gascoigne, it is possible to trigger the beast phase of the fight before he gets to one-third health. Human Gascoigne also staggers, when he hears the box's music.
- Using the box during the Beast Phase will also stagger him, giving you a chance to use your Molotov Cocktails.
- When used in the fight against Mergo's Wet Nurse, it will make her sidestep.
- Quest item/gift from Gascoigne's daughter, next to the shortcut gate to the sewers from the plaza in Central Yharnam.
- Gascoigne's daughter will give you the music box.
- She gives you the music box after or before you defeat Father Gascoigne.
- She will NOT give you the box after you defeat Vicar Amelia
- Using the music box when you have Gascoigne summoned will cause him to chuckle. He only does this the first time he hears it.
- After Gascoigne is defeated, a red brooch can be returned to his daughter which will complete the quest. Refusing to give her the brooch will also result in this quest-line's completion.
- The song heard is a short clip from the Mergo's Wet Nurse boss theme.
- It is possible to obtain a box in every ng+ which will permanently take up a storage space as it carries over every time you go on a new ng+ level and cannot be discarded sold etc. (As of Patch 1.07, the music box must be re-acquired per playthrough)
- Anonymous
25 Sep 2017 22:43
I'm wondering how Gascoigne and Mergo may be related. Not necessarily blood related, but there seems to be a connection of some kind. The music box says it "Plays a song shared by her mother and father." Referring to the Gascoigne and Viola. The song that they share is called Lullaby for Mergo in the soundtrack though and is the Wet Nurse theme. Why is Gascoigne and Viola's song Mergo's lullaby?ReplyReplies (0)
- Anonymous
28 Feb 2017 20:47
I got it after defeating father gascoine...Lmao, he took long to kill for meReplyReplies (0)
- Anonymous
05 Jan 2017 06:39
This page should have the audio clip from the Music Box and provide a link if possible to audio of the Winter Lanterns' singing and the Wet Nurse theme.ReplyReplies (0)
- Anonymous
Chalice dungeons05 Jul 2016 14:54
If you activate this item in chalice dungeon rooms where there is a big bell, it will actually ring the bell just like it would if you were to hit the bell.ReplyReplies (1)
- Anonymous
POSSIBLE LATE GAME SPOILERS05 Jul 2016 14:54
I heard using the tiny music box after defeating Mergo's Wet Nurse whilst the baby is crying will instead make it laugh. Has anyone done this to confirm/deny the occurrence?
Could tie in to the music box playing a similar tune to Mergo's Wet Nurse theme.ReplyReplies (0)
- Anonymous
music box05 Jul 2016 14:54
If you use it on the dead body of the woman on the roof after you fight father Gas a very strong hunter appearsReplyReplies (2)
- Anonymous
Mergo's lullaby?05 Jul 2016 14:54
I wonder if there's a lore connection between the music box and Mergo...I don't buy that it is just a coincidence.ReplyReplies (4)
- Anonymous
Is the music box a consumable?05 Jul 2016 14:54
That is to say if you fail to kill him in one life will it be used up after a certain number of uses?ReplyReplies (12)
- Anonymous
Possible spoiler!!!05 Jul 2016 14:54
As you know you can summon him with a beckoning bell before you fight the cleric beast. If you use the music box he laughs. I tried taking him to his daughter, but nothing happened :(
-DyralvexReplyReplies (7)


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Mark Roden
Listed by Bean Group / Vermont
Charming North Hartland village home with first floor master and gorgeous gardens. Adjacent to Currier Recreational area, which makes this 0.23 acre property feel MUCH larger. Tennis courts are a short walk across the field! Nice flat well-manicured lot on a quiet street. Two car garage. Master with en-suite 1/2 bath. New permitted septic tank installed in July. Easy commute to the upper valley. A turnkey home. Bring your gardening tools!
Date Showings Begin:
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Awakening the World to Oneness
Read & Sign the Conscious Business Declaration
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CBI translation infusing
Dear Friend,
An epoch shift is emerging, one that will change the face of business as we know it. The old business model focused just on profit, is breathing its last breath. It has not served humanity and the Earth. A new business standard is surfacing, one that embraces our most cherished and sacred values, one that nurtures humanity and the Earth. It is the conscious business paradigm. It infuses our most sacred and cherished ideals in our local and global economy. This shift will enable Business to become the most powerful force for creating a world that works for all.
Conscious business embraces the foundational truth: We Are One with humanity and all of life. Business and all institutions of the human community are integral parts of a single reality – interrelated, interconnected and interdependent.
There is more, much more. You can read the full conscious business declaration created by Humanity's Team, The Club of Budapest, The Goi Peace Foundation and The Fowler Center for Business as an Agent of Public Benefit out of Case Western University here:
In the months and years just ahead humanity will insist that we infuse our most revered values in our economy. A business that adheres to this paradigm will flourish. Those who ignore this movement will do so at their risk. We believe these businesses will perish. A flourishing and thriving economy are just around the corner. Innovative new conscious business models that create profit by nurturing humanity and all life on Earth will lead this movement.
Do you see yourself as a leader in this? Are you a changemaker, coach, trainer, consultant, entrepreneur or intrapreneur who will be part of the vanguard? If yes, we invite you to join with us!
Sign the Conscious Business Declaration and join our free webinar series that talks about Conscious Business. Ken Wilber will be the featured guest during the April 18th webinar, and Rinaldo Brutoco, Lance Secretan and Alan Watkins will join John Thomas and me for other webinars planned that week. Don't be left behind; come to the front and lead!
You can register for the free Conscious Business webinars here:
It is time for a new standard for business in the 21st Century! Join us and join the revolution!
In Oneness,
Steve Farrell
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text:
Dava Foxx seducing her young fucker
Duration: 5min 45sec Views: 20 977 Submitted: 3 years ago Submitted by:
Description: Dava Foxx has been friends with Levi Cash for a while now, but he's never been able to win her over with his charm. This MILF hunter thought he'd never get into her panties, but then she come around and let him lick her busty tits on the couch.
Channel: Reality Kings
Pornstars: Dava Foxx


text:
|14 May 2013
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DXDIAG says that my intel core i3 has 4 cores
hi there, this is not really a problem im just curious. i have an acer aspire 5742 laptop with an intel core i3 M 380 @ 2.53 ghz, 8GB ram intel hd graphics and windows 7 home premium 64 bit. when i run dx diag it says that i have 4 cpu's at 2.5ghz when i go on computer it dosent say i have a...
|General Discussion
Any way to switch of hyperthreading in registry?
Hi, I urgently need to switch off hyperthreading on my HP Pavilion DV6 core i7 720qm running Windows 7 Home Premium 64bit! As I need to run a very processor intensive simulation software that only uses one thread and is taking minutes or hours for certain simulations, I am hoping to find a...
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About my hyperthreading on my Dell Dimension 4600
I would like to defiantly enable my hyper threading on my Dell Dimension 4600. And I have a pentium 4 processor. I tried looking in my bios when I press my F2 key, it goes into my bios. But I can't seem to find the hyperthreading option. Is it under the CPU information menu? Because I cannot seem...
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Hyperthreading on Pentium4
Hi, I have a Pentium 4 HT 2.6Ghz cpu. When I was using XP, the task manager displayed 2 cpu graphs, showing that Hyperthreading was active. But now in Windows 7, I only see 1 cpu graph. I thought Windows 7 supports hyperthreading ? The only thing I might have possibly done wrong, was that I...
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Hyperthreading not showing up?
So it seems my hyperthreading is not showing up anymore in RC 7100. In the device manager under cpus it does show 8 procs, but when I open the task manager it shows 4 procs. HT is enabled in the bios and if I boot into Vista instead, it shows 8 procs in the task magnager as it should. Is...
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Show your true colors with a .BLUE domain!
Experience air purification on a whole new level!
The "Blue Ocean Strategy" is one of the most prominent business theories originating from Asia in recent years.
Many interesting businesses are getting on the .BLUE domain!
Our wine comes from different Spanish and French vineyards, whose grapes we transform into Gïk.
When you think about water, what comes to mind? Perhaps…
MORE than half of Britons are anxious about swimming in the sea because of pollution, new research has found. (Daily Echo)
Premium name oceans.blue now live on eve of World Oceans Day 2014
If you're building a website to celebrate the birth of a boy, .BLUE is an excellent choice.


text:
Franklin Auto Service
ReScore Reviews™ (2)
97% Would Recommend
Latest Review about 1 month ago
Review for Franklin Auto Service
JOYCE W. on 11/09/2013
"Recent brake job"
Very good mechanics. Prices are fair. Small hometown atmosphere! Know you by name when you walk through the door.
Vehicle: Mazda Protege5
Service Date: 11/06/2013
Review Created: 11/09/2013 05:59 AM


text: Body ContentHow can I support my partner during pregnancy? You should give your partner as much support as she needs both mentally and physically. Attending appointments with her can help put you both at ease and will also involve you more in the pregnancy. Will I have to have any tests? You may also be asked to have a blood test to check whether your baby is at risk of an inherited or genetic condition. Where can I get more advice? The antenatal clinics are a good place for new fathers to ask any question they may have. Parent education classes are also held. Can we still have sex? There is usually no medical reason to avoid sex, but keep in mind she may be in pain and may not feel comfortable about having sex. If this is the case, try and find other ways of getting close and always talk about it. How can I help when my partner goes into labour? Some couples find it helpful to make a birth plan for when the baby is due. This way you know what your partner wants and how you can help her to achieve it. Don't forget to pack some things for you when your partner is in labour, like books, magazines, sandwiches etc. Labour can sometimes take a while. Dad info website


text:
I first saw Eloisa James at her first book's launch party at RWA's national conference. I was as yet unpublished and was fascinated that another college professor was writing historical romance. Since then I have learned there are quite a few who do. There are also authors who never went to college who are writing smart, sharp stories. Fiction writing is very democratic that way. It all comes down to the writing, and degrees in this or that are not required.
It turned out Eloisa is also a brilliant writer, as her career has proven. She has also been a strong voice for romance. In her many interviews and articles, she does not apologize for her love of historical romance. The press may on occasion treat her writing them as a "man bites dog story," but she never does.
My five quick questions with her are below. However, there is something readers might not know about her and that she does not mention that I thought I would add. In an industry where authors can easily be cowed by the powers that be, she has always spoken frankly and openly about her career and shared information that others might hesitate to share. She is one of the authors who has helped blaze a path to increased author involvement in the business side of writing. Some might say that does not affect readers, but I think it does. A writer's relationship with her publisher affects the stories that get told, for one thing.
She has a brand new book out, and readers will be enthralled by Lady X and Thorn Dautry as soon as they meet these two willful, formidable characters. Xenobia has a most interesting, genteel occupation that alone is fun to watch her pursue. One of her first reactions to the arrogant Thorn is that he needs to be brought to his knees, and I turned the page with anticipation, thinking "oh, goodie!" As always, Eloisa did not disappoint me.
Eloisa took a few minutes from her hectic schedule to share a few bits about herself.
Q: What is one thing that your readers do not know about you?
Eloisa: I spent a good chunk of my youth planning to be an obstetrician. Though I toyed with the idea of being president as well. I had a very hopeful childhood!
Q: What is your writing schedule? Are you a writer who finishes a set number of pages a day, or do you write in spurts?
Eloisa: On a writing day, I aim for 20 pages. The next day, I delete 10.
Q: What is your favorite line from your new book?
Eloisa: My heroine, India, has just recommended a tailor to my hero, who needs a make-over in order to marry a docile young lady:
"He excels in making shortfalls less obvious," she said coolly. And damned if she didn't glance at his crotch.
Q: I love the cover of your new book. How much input did you have, and was anyone at your publisher worried about using black and white?
Eloisa: I had a lot of input on this one — it was my idea to use a solid color down the left side. The art department came up with black and white, and I was the one worried about that, but they convinced me. I think it's very elegant!
Q: Considering your academic career's focus, do you think you will ever write a novel set during Tudor times? Do you even want to?
Eloisa: No, I don't. Romances can be exacting in their attention to historical detail, but most of the time, facts from history serve as wallpaper. I know too much about the Renaissance period, and as a scholar, I would have trouble sliding over unpleasant truths. Black death, for example, could really ruin a budding love affair.
Eloisa James is a Shakespeare professor at Fordham and a New York Times bestselling author of historical romance novels. Her newest book is Three Weeks with Lady X, published by Avon Books. Find out more at www.eloisajames.com.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, county directories were published. They included a description of the towns in the county, and a list of the businesses in the towns — like an early form of Yellow Pages. Upon stumbling upon one of these for Hampshire from 1784, I was fascinated by the owners of the businesses. More than a few were … women! A lot of women were listed as owners of taverns and inns. However, some owned businesses one might think only men had back then.
For example, in the town of Lymington, Ann Beeston was a stationer, bookseller and salt merchant. Widow Bricksey was a butcher (if she was designated a widow, does that mean the others were not widows who carried on their late husbands' businesses? Hmmm.). Mrs. Fludyer was a linen draper and milliner. In the town of Odiham, Sarah Armstrong was a miller. In Andover, Elizabeth Baldwin was a whitesmith, which means she worked tin. In Alresford, Elizabeth Goodwin was a cooper (she made objects like barrels), and Elizabeth Veck was a woolen draper. In the same town (Mrs.) Jane Astlett had a very distinctive job. She was a carrier. She had a wagon that made two round trips a week to London, on which one could arrange to transport items for a fee. Did she drive it herself? No man is mentioned either in the list of businesses, nor in the description of her service under transportation.
So the next time someone says an historical romance is unrealistic because the heroine has an occupation, send them a link to these tidbits.
Did you ever wonder how Georgian women got those hairstyles, whether natural or wigs? This video gives a recipe for authentic 18th-century hair styling:
USA TODAY and New York Times bestseller Madeline Hunter is the two-time RITA winning author of 24 historical romances. Her website is www.MadelineHunter.com. Madeline's next romance, The Accidental Duchess, will be published on June 3.


text:
Movies & TV / Columns
The Hush-Hush News Report: 06.20.12: Mr. Wayne, Maleficent and The Master
Also, do you Twitter? If not, you should! And while you're at it, add these to your list of people that you follow so that you can get the latest updates! Come on Peeps, I and 411 need Twitter followers to validate our existence. Or something like that.
Follow @411mania
Follow @411wrestling
Follow @411moviestv
Follow @411moviestv
Follow @411games
Follow @411mma
Please don't see That's My Boy. That's all I got. I'm working on a review currently. It's depressing me. Allow me instead to plug some of our 411 film reviews here including reviews of:
Rock of Ages [Jeremy Wilson]
Rock of Ages [Tony Farinella]
Comic-Con IV: A Fan's Hope
Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted
Comic-Con IV: A Fan's Hope
Snow White and The Huntsman
The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
Men in Black III
The Dictator
Dark Shadows
What To Expect When You're Expecting
The Raven
The Avengers
We'd still write them if no one was reading, but to be honest it's better and more worthwhile when people do. Something about a tree falling in a forest. Anyway, on with the news….
When Dodd tells Phoenix's character, "I am a writer, a doctor, a nuclear physicist, a theoretical philosopher but above all I am a man, a hopelessly inquisitive man, just like you," that is eerily similar to what the real L. Ron Hubbard is reported to often tell people about himself – even though it wasn't true:
"Hubbard, of course, loved to tell people (especially in the early days – he started things off with the book 'Dianetics' in 1950) that he was a physician and nuclear physicist. Neither was true, of course. In 1932, Hubbard did take one of the early classes in "atomic physics" at George Washington University, but he flunked it, and left the school without a degree.
Amy Adams is looking like a dead ringer for Mary Sue Hubbard – LRH's third wife – and she's even called "Mary Sue" in the picture.
We also see Hoffman/Hubbard putting Phoenix's character through a sort of "sec check" at the end of the clip, interrogating him in a style that maybe is a bit more rapid-fire than we've been led to believe happens in Scientology."
While there was little doubt, The Master's 2nd teaser trailer makes it clear that the film will likely be using the founding of Scientology as a launching point for a fictional drama rather than as a true biopic of Hubbard or a real history of the "religion."
The Master stars Philip Seymour Hoffman, Joaquin Phoenix, Amy Adams, Laura Dern, Jesse Plemons, and David Warshovsky and opens October 12th.
Gotham City Mayor Anthony Garcia (Nestor Carbonell) has passed a recent piece of legislation known as the Harvey Dent Act, which essentially explains the opening events of The Dark Knight Rises. The Act itself serves to close the loopholes that allow organized crime to to get off easily while also making clear that the masked vigilante Batman (Christian Bale) was himself a murderous criminal who nearly destroyed Gotham's true hope (Dent). Dismissing concerns over Gotham becoming a police state, it also honors Dent's sacrifices and establishes a city-wide remembrance on "Harvey Dent Day."
The Dark Knight Rises stars Christian Bale, Tom Hardy, Anne Hathaway, Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Marion Cotillard, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Morgan Freeman. The film opens July 20th.
Co-starring with Jolie in the film are Sharlto Copley (District 9), Elle Fanning (Super 8), Sam Riley (On the Road), Imelda Staunton (Vera Drake), Miranda Richardson (The Hours), Juno Temple (Atonement) and Lesley Manville (Secrets & Lies).
Maleficent is being touted as "the untold story" of the villainous Maleficent, the frightening foe from the 1959's Sleeping Beauty. The film will show the events that hardened her heart and drove her to curse baby Aurora (aka "Sleeping Beauty").
The film is the directorial debut of two-time Oscar®-winning production designer Robert Stromberg (Avatar, Alice in Wonderland), with a script by Linda Woolverton (The Lion King, Beauty and the Beast). Joe Roth is producing, while Angelina Jolie, Don Hahn, Matt Smith and Palak Patel will serve as executive producers.
Other behind-the-scenes talent includes Academy Award®–winning cinematographer Dean Semler (Dances with Wolves, In the Land of Blood and Honey), production designer Gary Freeman (Saving Private Ryan, The Bourne Supremacy), two-time Oscar® nominated costume designer Anna B. Sheppard (Schindler's List,The Pianist) and seven-time Academy Award–winning makeup artist Rick Baker (Planet of the Apes, Men in Black).
Maleficent is scheduled for a March 14, 2014 release and evidently will be in 3D.
Now comes word that we may very well see a movie version of a game that won't be out for at least another year.That's how good their presentation was and how much buzz it generated. According to Fusible the video game maker has purchased numerous domain names, each different variations of a "Watch Dogs" film including: WatchDogsmovie.com, WatchDogsthemovie.com, Watch-Dogsmovie.com, Watch-Dogsthemovie.com. The big surprise of this year's E3, Watch Dogs is an open world game that involves present-day and future issues involving technology, privacy issues and information warfare. The action is set in an alternate but contemporary Chicago where a supercomputer controls almost every piece of technology in the city and the player is able to hack into systems to take enemies out and gain leverage. The player has the ability to hack into various electronic systems, either to obtain and control information or to destroy those devices completely at specific times.
Obviously, Ubisoft is covering their bases and this doesn't mean we're definitely getting a big screen version. However, Ubisoft has stated recently that they were looking at various options of expanding and capitalizing on their multiple IPs, including turning them into movies. Late last year it was widely reported that Ubisoft had shopped its Assassin's Creed franchise around and that a big screen version was being set up at Sony. Ubisoft also stated that it was looking at setting up its own movie-making division.
In addition to Watch Dogs, Ubi was also getting studios interested in acquiring the rights to its Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell franchise. While nothing was set yet, multiple large studios were interested in the property with Paramount seen as the frontrunner to land the project.
Paramount does have history with properties using the Clancy name; Kenneth Branagh is directing a reboot of the Jack Ryan franchise with Chris Pine starring, and the studio is also developing Without Remorse, the Clancy spinoff novel that focuses on mercenary John Clark.
Are you interesting in seeing movie versions of Splinter Cell and Watch Dogs?
Set to start shooting sometime this Fall for a 2013 release, August: Osage County is a black comedy based on a play from Tracy Letts, that according to the Los Angeles Times is "about a few weeks in the lives of a dysfunctional Oklahoma family. The story centers on Violet Weston (Streep), a drug-addled matriarch who doles out barbs and truths, as well as a motley crew of family members, particularly oldest daughter Barbara (Roberts), a control-freak professor who finds her life falling apart. When it was first staged several years ago, it won the Pulitzer Prize for drama, a Tony and a Drama Desk award."
Via a press release, Clooney stated, "Grant and I are thrilled to work on this project. It's already a great cast and great material and I can't think of anyone better than Harvey to put this all together. And we're particularly excited to work with our dear friend John Wells. It's such a terrific group and we feel honored to help bring it to the screen."
Harvey Weinstein commented that "George and Grant are gifted producers, with great taste and instincts, and a work ethic that is second to none. I personally wanted them on board as their talent is a perfect fit for a film of this artistic caliber. We are delighted to welcome them to the August: Osage County team, and feel very lucky to have them."
While casting is currently still ongoing, look for August: Osage County to be a legitimate 2013 Oscar contender and look for Streep to go for Academy Award #4.
The film will officially arrive in American theaters on October 26, 2012 (directed by Andy & Lana Wachowski and Tom Tykwer) and will be seen in international markets in early 2013 (as-of-yet unspecified). It stars Tom Hanks, Halle Berry, Hugo Weaving, Jim Broadbent, Susan Sarandon and Hugh Grant and "explores how the actions and consequences of individual lives impact one another throughout the past, the present and the future. Action, mystery and romance weave dramatically through the story as one soul is shaped from a killer into a hero and a single act of kindness ripples across centuries to inspire a revolution in the distant future."
WB President of Domestic Distribution Dan Fellman stated: "Audiences who have seen an early screening of 'Cloud Atlas' have been elated by its powerful and inspiring story, as well as its breathtaking visuals. An October release in North America is the perfect window to showcase this epic film."
What are you planning on seeing this weekend
Of all the pictures from the Licensing Expo, the only ones of movies I'm interested in are Iron Man 3 and Robocop…a lot of shit movies on the way it looks like.
To each their own, but from what we know both those sound pretty decent. We'll have to see though, since we're very, very early on in their productions. In addition to those though, I'm particularly interested to see how Guillermo del Toro's Pacific Rim turns out as well. Ender's Game will also attract more attention as we move forward into 2013.
From cwell510 (Guest):
I vote no reboot for Green Lantern. Move ahead with Flash, Wonder Woman, and Aquaman then make the Justice League film. Hal Jordan's story has already been told and WB/DC blew their wad by showing Sinestro with the yellow power ring and become evil during the credits. So, I say have the John Stewart version of GL in the Justice League movie and there could be an explanation as to why Stewart has taken over for Hal. That way, no reboot, origin story doesn't have to be retold for the umpteenth time, and you save money from having to resurrect an already dead franchise. People didn't like Green Lantern the first time, don't shove it down their throats again this quickly while the bad taste is still in our mouths. As for Martian Manhunter, he isn't well known enough to warrant his own standalone movie. Introduce Jonn Jonzz in the Justice League film as well.
I don't mind switching out Hal Jordan for John Stewart, but I think I disagree that you don't have to do the origin story again. If anything, you'd have to do another one since you are introducing another GL to moviegoers. Remember, these movies are not for the die-hard comics fans who know who's who and why things are the way they are. Casual moviegoers probably know even less about John Stewart than they might about Hal Jordan and many would be confused as to why there's a new GL in a JLA without much of an explanation of backstory.
This is my entire problem with how DC/WB seems to be moving forward; they're rushing this and are liable to trip up in the process. You don't have to introduce Superman, Batman and maybe WW, but you need to get people to care about big screen versions of Flash, Aquaman and Martian Manhunter if they are to be included. Marvel did this by slowly but surely giving each character their own movie (except for Hawkeye/Black Widow, but those two were supporting players in others' films). WB is so desperate to capitalize on The Avengers (understandably) that they are seemingly not going to take the right lessons from how Marvel went about making it work. Yes, I know WB/DC has a Flash movie in the works, but where is the vision from top to bottom that is putting the pieces in place to "reboot" the entire DC catalogue and getting it ready for a proper, cohesive cinematic universe? I don't see it, and I think if we ever do, it will be years down the line.
From The Great Capt. Smooth (Guest):
Batman and Bond would drive life-size Tonka trucks, of course!
As dumb as Tonka sounds, there is a small part of me that is curious.
I'm curious only because I love and watch movies, no matter what they may be. I'll see it, but that doesn't mean I have to love the idea behind it. Although, I suppose the "glass half full" mentality would say that at least with a Tonka movie, Hasbro seems to be moving back from board games and back to toys. I don't know if that's any better, but…ugh who am I kidding. I'll be reviewing shitty Hasbro movies for the rest of my life. *Throws arms up*
From Guest#0226 (Guest):
Dear Lord…please no Oscar picks until February. Even then, they're annoying!
Tough cookies. My column and I'll do what I want with it. When YOU get a column you can write about whatever you want. I enjoy the Oscar horse-race and will continue to cover it.
To be fair though, it will still be a few more months before we really get into it on a weekly basis. So you're good until about September.
From G-Walla (Guest):
Wait, was that a Batman of Steel costume?!
Haha, no. The black one with the S in the middle is Jor-El's costume (Russell Crowe). The other more Batman-looking costume is reported to be villainess Faora, portrayed by actress Antje Traue.
Funny Video of the Week: "Cousin Ben Troop Screening with Jason Schwartzman"
That's all for this week. As always, let me know what you think in the comments section. For now, this is Jeremy Wilson, off the record, on the QT…


text:
James Surowiecki's column in The New Yorker last week, Twilight of the Brands, seemed to suggest that brands are dying. He argued that the usefulness of brands has decreased given that "consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos." His observations about […]
brand-building expert | speaker | author
James Surowiecki
Brand-as-Business Briefs™ are periodic emailed briefings for learning how companies operationalize their brands to grow their businesses.
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text:
Breaking down the East Region
Best team
Syracuse (31-2) has veteran leaders in Kris Joseph and Scoop Jardine, shot-blocking under the basket from Fab Melo and a sixth man in shooting guard Dion Waiters who can play a dominant role in the tournament. Orange coach Jim Boeheim lets the off-court controversies surrounding his team roll off his back like water off a duck. But as he said following a Big East Tournament loss, seniors Joseph and Jardine must step up their spotty play of late.
Best big man
Ohio State forward Jared Sullinger is 6-9, 265 and a force under the basket, averaging 17.5 points and 9.3 rebounds while shooting 54.8 percent. But he also can step outside and hit three-pointers, which puts more pressure on the opposing defense.
Best guard/playmaker
Wisconsin's Jordan Taylor was a preseason All-American selection who is an all-around threat, averaging 14.7 points, 3.7 rebounds and 4.0 assists in Bo Ryan's deliberate offense. Taylor is a smart player who makes great decisions and isn't afraid to take the big shot.
Best player you've never heard of
Vanderbilt forward Jeffery Taylor labors in the shadow of shooting guard John Jenkins, but at 6-7, 225, he's a great complementary offensive threat. He averages 16.3 points, 5.7 rebounds, shoots 50 percent overall and 43 percent from three.
Best go-to guy
Vanderbilt guard John Jenkins is among the best shooters in the country, connecting at a 48.5-percent rate overall and 45.3 from three-point range. He averaged 20.0 points per game, and he's clutch at the line, hitting 84 percent of his free throws.
Best bet to spring an upset
If there's going to be a major upset in this bracket, Vanderbilt is the leading candidate to take out Syracuse in the Sweet 16 as the Commodores showed in knocking off No. 1 Kentucky in the SEC tourney final Sunday. Vandy has great shooters, but it's also inconsistent enough to lose to Cleveland State and Indiana State.
Best matchup
If the selection committee has done its job well, Syracuse and Ohio State should meet in the East final in Boston. The Buckeyes have a terrific playmaker in Aaron Craft, and forwards William Buford (14.8 points, 4.9 rebounds) and DeShaun Thomas (15.5, 5.0) add firepower. But the player who might emerge as the difference-maker is Syracuse guard Dion Waiters (12.6), who can take over a game on offense or as a muscular defender.
Best coaching matchup
West Virginia's Bob Huggins is making his 20th NCAA appearance with his third school, and Mark Few has built Gonzaga into a mid-major power that is making its 13th straight NCAA appearance. Huggins is more hard-nosed and gets more pro prospects, while Few takes a cerebral approach. Playing this game in Pittsburgh means it will practically be a home game for the Mountaineers similar to Gonzaga's loss to Syracuse in Buffalo a couple years ago.
Final Four
North Carolina, Kentucky, Syracuse, Missouri.
North Carolina should reverse its one-point December loss to Kentucky in the championship game because the Tar Heels have the most imposing front line in the country with Tyler Zeller, Harrison Barnes and John Henson and a polished playmaker in Kendall Marshall.


text:
MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] With production of USA, this film of 2014 has been directed by LisaRaye McCoy and Avery O. Williams. You can watch Skinned online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2014.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 88 minutes
LisaRaye McCoy, Brad James, Jasmine Burke, Nicky Buggs, Kerri J. Baldwin, Tasia Grant, Van Vicker, Mike R. Tinker, Zeeky Minnis, Racquel B. John, Anastasia Pekhtereva, Susan D'Angelo, Cameron H. Miller, Cycerli Ash, Krystal Farris and Lyndrez Leslie.
Drama, Romantic.
88-minute film (full movie) directed by LisaRaye McCoy and Avery O. Williams.
The original audio of Skinned has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2014.
Screenplay written by Avery O. Williams, Sharon Tomlinson and Clarice Kulah.
Robert Peters.
Lotten Yeaney, Cameron H. Miller, Blessing Itua, Sharon Tomlinson, Jasmine Burke and Clarice Kulah.
This film was produced and / or financed by Studio 11 Films.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Skinned has a duration of 88 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Skinned in FULLTV Movies.


text:
|14 Aug 2013
windows 7 professional
Windows could not complete the installation.
will you please help with that i got same problem but i keep to press alt f10 but nothing is happen
tell me bro what should i do
and one more thing when the error message coming i press shift f10 show me command prompt but it right Arabic how can i change it to English
|My System Specs
|14 Aug 2013
We always assume you have made your Recovery Disks using the OEM manufacturer's Recovery Media Creator app the first day you had your new PC.
& made the Startup Repair CD.
startup repair disc-create
Did you make the OEM manufacturer's Recovery Disks?
Manual how to use Acer eRecovery Management here:
Have you tried pressing <Alt+F10> at boot up, to goto the Acer eRecovery Management.
Acer Support - Answers, E-Mail, Chat - How do I restore my computer using the eRecovery Management program?
You can order Microsoft official OEM Recovery disks from your OEM manufacturer's website.
You can Order Acer recovery disks from here:
Acer | Recovery Media
Check in Accessories
|My System Specs
|14 Aug 2013
You can also do the superior Clean Reinstall - Factory OEM Windows 7.
You'll need a readable Product Key on the COA sticker on bottom. Use the installer for the licensed version listed on the sticker, with SP1 and Media Refresh.
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
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Windows could not complete the installation
Hello I have recently fully recoverd my system but now I can't even go to the home screen. Whenever I try to the screen turns black and a mini box comes up saying (Windows could not complete the installation. To install windows on this computer, restart the installation.) I have tried restarting...
|Hardware & Devices
Windows could not complete the installation...
:huh: Hi folks. I'm new to the forum so give me a little slack if I screw this up please lol. I have an Acer Aspire X1420G-U5832 with Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit. I wanted to resturn my computer to factory condition so I went through the correct steps as it guided me. I cut and pasted my...
|Installation & Setup
Windows 7 Cannot complete installation.
I own a Dell Studio 1558 Laptop, my keyboard broke so contacted them and they sent over a tech to replace my keyboard, ram, and mobo. After this i was getting a lot of BSOD while runing the laptop for a good amount of time, then i would have to leave it off for a while and it would boot up again,...
|Installation & Setup
Help - Cannot complete Windows 7 installation.
I have recently bought a new computer and have been trying to install Windows 7. I am now in a loop where I get passed the "Starting Windows" screen and a box opens up saying "Windows cannot complete the installation. To continue installing Windows, restart the computer". When you click on "Ok"...
|Installation & Setup
windows 7 cannot complete installation
Hi, been trying this for 2 days with no result... Really hope I can get some help. I installed Windows 7 on my machine using CD, HDD is blank (formatted). Once the system prepare to startup, it will go blank. When I go to safe mode, it says I cannot go to safe mode without complete installation...
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 10, 1994
|Filing date
|Jan 25, 1993
|Priority date
|Jan 25, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Frank M. Wanlass
|Original Assignee
|Standard Microsystems Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (66), Classifications (25), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Present Invention
The present invention relates to electronic digital circuitry, and more particularly to devices that enable communication among packaged CMOS logic circuits at very high communication rates and yet at relatively low dynamic power levels by using very low voltage signal swings.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Digital electronic devices and systems typically comprise several integrated circuit packages (ICs) that are interconnected on a printed circuit board assembly. Each of these ICs very often includes whole functional units, not unlike blocks in a block diagram. Digital ICs are ubiquitously supplied with five volts power and have both internal and external signal transitions that approach five volts. Five volt transistor-transistor logic (TTL) has been superseded by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) logic, which also is typically operated at five volts. The CMOS logic draws far less power under static conditions, compared to TTL, but can draw much higher power under dynamic (switching) conditions because the logic must charge and discharge various stray capacitances and has very short transition times.
Advancements in CMOS fabrication processes have recently enabled the design of very high speed, very complex devices, or "chips", that are capable of clock rates in excess of fifty megahertz (MHz). Prior art CMOS logic systems experience difficulties with such high speeds, especially in inter-chip communication because of the high dynamic power currents involved.
Although the static power consumption of CMOS circuits is generally regarded as being next to insignificant, the dynamic power consumption can be very large and quite troublesome. The high currents principally result from charging and discharging of capacitances associated with internal chip nodes, and with the charging and discharging of load capacitances external to a chip. Both kinds of currents result in power, in the form of heat, being dissipated within the CMOS circuit itself. Manufacturers typically overlook this power consumption phenomenon in their published specifications by describing chip power consumption under test conditions where the outputs are open, or not loaded.
The power dissipated in such logic devices is proportional to the square of the voltage swing charging or discharging a capacitor load. The dynamic power consumption of a node may be expressed as,
P.sub.D =CV.sup.2 f, (1)
where PD is dynamic power in watts, C is the capacitance driven in farads, V is the signal swing in volts, and f is the frequency in Hertz.
Driving individual n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) and p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistors that constitute CMOS logic also causes power to dissipated. For example, if a node drives a fifty picofarad load with a five volt swing at a fifty MHz rate, equation (1) shows that 62.5 mW of dynamic power will be dissipated. (0.0625=50�10- �52 �50�106.) A typical internal node drives between 0.01 picofarad and 0.1 picofarad, but many thousands of internal nodes are usually involved and can add up to fifty picofarads, or more. Large chips can consume several watts of internal dynamic power when operated at high frequencies. For chips that have many output driver circuits, each driving fifty picofarads or more, external dynamic power consumption can also easily be several watts. For example, with eighty output drivers, each switching at twenty-five MHz and driving fifty picofarads, and each swinging five volts, the external power dissipated may be as much as 2.5 watts. This power must be dissipated in the output buffers, which typically comprise a relatively small percentage of the total chip area, and can therefore cause destructive overheating.
There is an industry trend developing towards lower supply voltages of 3.3 volts, rather than the more typical 5.0 volts. Such lower voltages allow more reliable short channel length transistors. CMOS circuits using 3.3 volt supplies may have a nominal 3.3 volt signal swing, and therefore has the side-effect of reducing the dynamic power consumption to 43%, according to equation (1). Although this is a significant power dissipation reduction, large chips can nevertheless still consume several watts of dynamic power.
The present invention reduces dynamic power consumption in CMOS devices by over two orders of magnitude.
Strip line circuit board techniques are called for when signaling at high speed between chips separated by more than approximately eight to ten inches. A terminating resistor network is also required at the receiving end of each signal. The termination network typically comprises two resistors, one connected between a signal line and a ground reference, and the other connected between the signal line and a supply voltage. Each resistor is typically one hundred ohms.
High speed CMOS design does not typically permit the use of such low value terminating resistors because of the high static currents that result. Such currents would cause the typical CMOS device to operate outside its safe operating area. The power consumed in a resistor is proportional to the square of the voltage across the resistor and inversely proportional to the resistor's value. Algebraically expressed, this is,
P.sub.R =V.sup.2 /R, (2)
where PR is the resistive power consumption in watts, V is the signal swing in volts, and R is the terminating resistor values in ohms. For example, if one signal line is terminated with two 100 ohm resistors, and the signal swing is 3.3 volts, then PR will equal 109 mW, for just one line.
The maximum clock rate is severely limited with CMOS logic by not being able to include proper termination, for example in a long main system bus in a personal computer operating at eight to ten MHz. Only the shorter local buses are able to operate at the much higher clock rates now possible with microprocessors and cache memories.
Several outputs from different chips often share one signal line in a bus arrangement, with only one chip at a time driving the line. The other chips float their outputs. When not being floated, such outputs express very low sink and/or source driving impedances, e.g., approximately five ohms. It is therefore important that a system be designed to guarantee that no two outputs can drive a common signal line in different directions at the same time. Such bus contentions would otherwise cause catastrophic currents that could easily destroy one or more of the drivers involved. In system development this can occur accidentally, before the protective logic is in place.
Very often two inter-communicating CMOS chips reside on different circuit boards which each have a separate power supply. However, the input/output (I/O) lines are common. If one such board is powered up before the other, the I/O lines of the CMOS circuit on the powered down board should preferably be allowed to float, e.g., present a high impedance. Many commercially available CMOS circuits do not include this protection
Very thin gate oxides of less than one hundred Angstroms are desirable in some devices and the newer semiconductor processes have made this practical, and therefore more common. But with such thin gate oxides, it is very difficult to provide adequate electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, because the thin oxide barrier is so easily breached.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a CMOS device with very low voltage inter-chip signaling that may dramatically reduce the external dynamic power consumption.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a CMOS device with very low voltage inter-chip signaling that allows for CMOS parallel resistive termination, without dissipating a concomitantly large amount of power.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide for the design of CMOS bus driver circuits that resists damage during inadvertent bus contentions.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a CMOS device that can avoid damage to inter-connected CMOS chips in which one is powered down and the other is powered up.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a CMOS chip with superior electrostatic discharge protection on its inputs and outputs.
Briefly, an embodiment of the present invention is a CMOS integrated circuit (IC) device that comprises an internal logic circuit operating with traditional 3.3 volt or five volt internal logic levels, an output buffer to convert the internal logic levels to external logic levels of 0.3 volts and an input buffer to convert the 0.3 volt external logic levels to the internal logic levels. In such a CMOS IC device having numerous external output loads, including relatively high capacitive values that are driven at very high clock rates, the restricted voltage swings of the 0.3 volt external logic levels permit unusually large numbers of devices to be driven without exceeding a predetermined power dissipation limit of the CMOS IC device. The low external logic levels further permit electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection to be included on all signal inputs and outputs of the CMOS IC device. The ESD protection comprises a pair of opposite polarity silicon PN junction diodes in parallel and connected between each signal line and a ground reference.
An advantage of the present invention is that a logic device is provided that has substantially lower power dissipation levels compared to prior art devices.
A further advantage of the present invention is that a logic device is provided that is protected from electrostatic discharge by simple, yet effective diode protection means.
A further advantage of the present invention is that a logic device is provided in which higher that usual operating frequencies are possible because of reduced AC switching power dissipation levels.
A further advantage of the present invention is that a logic device is provided in which far greater numbers of input/out pins are possible, compared to prior art devices, because of reduced AC switching power dissipation levels.
These and many other objects and advantages of the present invention may no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after having read the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments which are illustrated in the various drawing figures.
FIG. 1 is an block diagram of a system embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an output buffer included in the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic for an input buffer included in the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of a noise-suppressing output buffer embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic for a noise-rejecting input buffer embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a shared I/O signal line; and
FIG. 7 is a diagram for an I/O cell embodiment of the present invention with intrinsic termination.
FIG. 1 illustrates a CMOS-based digital system embodiment of the present invention, referred to herein by the general reference numeral 10. System 10 comprises a plurality of integrated circuit (IC) devices, a driving chip 12, a local chip 14 and a remote chip 16 that are inter-connected, at least in part, by a stripline 18. An equivalent external capacitance is represented by a capacitor 20. A terminating network 22 comprises a pair of resistors 24 and 26. Chip 12 includes a plurality of input buffers represented by an input buffer 26 that interfaces to an internal circuit 28. A plurality of buffers represented by an output buffer 30 receives signals from circuit 28. Chip 14 includes a plurality of input buffers represented by an input buffer 32 that interfaces to an internal circuit 34. A plurality of buffers represented by an output buffer 36 receives signals from circuit 34. Chip 16 also includes a plurality of input buffers, represented by an input buffer 38, that interfaces to an internal circuit 40. A plurality of buffers represented by an output buffer 42 receives signals from circuit, 40. Chips 12, 14 and 16 each receive a VD supply of 3.3 volts and a VIO supply of 0.3 volts.
In operation, signals among chips 12, 14 and 16 comprise voltage swings of approximately 0.3 volts, and do not exceed 0.5 volts. Much higher conventional voltage swings are permitted within circuits 28, 34 and 40, e.g., 3.3 volts. The output buffers 30, 36 and 42 translate a zero to 3.3 volt internal logic swing to an external logic swing of zero to 0.3 volts.
FIG. 2 illustrates a tri-state CMOS buffer circuit 50 suitable for use in output buffers 30, 36 and 42. Circuit 50 includes a transistor 52 and a transistor 54, both of which are relatively large, e.g., such that their on-resistance is about five ohms. This enables a rapid driving of a large external capacitance, such as capacitor 20, which can be as great as fifty picofarads. Circuit 50 further includes a pair of NAND-gates 56 and 58 and a pair of inverters 60 and 62. An input signal "output enable" (OE) is received by both NAND-gates 56 and 58. An input signal (IN) is received by NAND-gate 58 only. If signal OE is HIGH, either transistor 52 or transistor 54 is turned on, but not both, because their control gates are driven by complementary signals from inverters 60 and 62. Since MOS transistors have no drain to source voltage offset when in the linear operation region, which occurs when the gate-to-source voltage Vgs is greater than the drain-to-source voltage Vds, an output signal may swing between ground reference and VIO. If signal OE is LOW, both transistor 52 and transistor 54 are turned off, thus letting an output (OUT) float at high impedance.
The input buffers 26, 32 and 42 (FIG. 1) translate a zero to 0.3 volt input swing to an zero to 3.3 volt swing for circuits 28, 34 and 40, respectively. FIG. 3 illustrates a CMOS differential amplifier 70 for this purpose. Amplifier 70 includes a pair of NMOS transistors 72 and 74, a plurality of PMOS transistors 76, 78, 80, 82, 84 and 86, a pair of resistors 88 and 90 and an inverter 92.
In operation, an external LOW amplitude signal (IN) is applied to a gate of transistor 84, with a gate of transistor 86 tied to a reference voltage (Vref) generated by a voltage divider formed by resistor 88 and resistor 90. If the value of resistor 88 equals the value of resistor 90, and VIO =0.3 volts, VREF will equal 0.15 volts. The switching point of an input buffer formed by transistors 80, 82, 84 and 86 is thus centered within the expected input amplitudes. Similar circuits have been conventionally used for internal sense amplifiers in memory chips. Transistors 84 and 86 act as source followers to shift their near ground reference gate voltages to signals on a pair of nodes 94 and 95 that are more nearly halfway among ground reference and 3.3 volts. Transistors 80 and 82 act as an active load network for transistors 84 and 86. Transistors 72, 74, 76 and 78 resemble a conventional CMOS differential sense amplifier, wherein a voltage difference between nodes 94 and 95 will produce a full zero to 3.3 volt swing at a node 96. The inverter 92 functions as a signal buffer, so that the output (OUT) can drive a large capacitive load.
In simulations conducted by the present inventor, circuit 70 worked well when transistors 84 and 86 were made equal in size, and had about twice the width/length (W/L) aspect of equally-sized transistors 80 and 82. Transistors 72 and 74 were also equal in size and had about one third the W/L of equally-sized transistors 76 and 78. Only one pair of reference network resistors 88 and 90 are needed for an entire chip. VREF may be shared among all the input buffers. Resistors 88 and 90 may be made from well-diffusion type resistors, or two NMOS transistors including respective gates connected to VD. For a sub-micron CMOS process, a simulated delay of about one nanosecond was recorded, and the power consumed was about one half a milliwatt.
According to equation (1), if an inter-chip signal has a 0.3 volt amplitude, the dynamic power consumption may be reduced to (0.3/3.3)2, or 0.8% of what it is true for a 3.3 volt amplitude. For example, if a fifty picofarads load is being driven through a 0.3 volt swing at a fifty MHz rate, equation (1) shows that 0.225 mW of dynamic power is dissipated. This is small enough that such a signaling scheme can be used for hundreds of signals emanating from one chip, and even if those hundreds of signals have loads far exceeding fifty picofarads each.
In FIG. 1, stripline 18 typically comprises a circuit board trace in opposition to a ground reference plane on a second surface of the printed circuit board. Such a trace will exhibit a characteristic impedance that depends on the trace's width, the thickness of the printed circuit board and the dielectric constant of the material comprising the printed circuit board. When a typical trace characteristic impedance is approximately fifty ohms, resistors 24 and 26 should equal one hundred ohms, to avoid any signal reflections. Resistor 24 is connected from the signal line to 0.3 V, and resistor 26 is connected from the signal line to ground reference. This situation is electrically equivalent to a single fifty ohm resistor connected from the signal line to a zero impedance 0.15 volt source. For a driving chip which has an output impedance of approximately five ohms, the signal line is pulled to 0.3 volts -0.015 volts for a logic HIGH, and to less than 0.015 V for a logic LOW. For either a logic LOW or a logic HIGH, the power dissipated in terminating network 22 is only, according to equation (2), 0.32 /100, or 0.9 mW. This represents an improvement of over one hundred times, compared a 3.3 volt signal swing.
It is very common for the data and address buses within computers to include more than one tri-state, high-impedance floatable output buffer connected to the same line. Only one driver at a time is allowed to control a particular bus line, while the other drivers are tri-stated (floated). Great care is generally taken by system designers to prevent any two drivers from being able to control a single line simultaneously. Very large currents can flow otherwise, because the drivers will try to pull in opposite directions. For example, if an output buffer has a five ohm resistance to either ground reference or VD when on, then if there is contention there can be a 10 ohm path for current flow from VD to ground reference. The power dissipation during contention for a VD of 3.3 volts may be PC=3.32 /10=1.09 watts. This power may be dissipated in the two contending output buffers, and could lead to permanent damage. For a VIO of 0.3 volts, the dissipation PC is 032 /10, or nine milliwatts. Therefore, bus contention is not a catastrophic event with embodiments of the present invention.
If several drivers are driving a common bus, where one driver is powered up and one is powered down, it is desirable that the powered-down driver assume a high-impedance state. FIG. 2 illustrates that if VD equals zero, the gate drive to both transistors 52 and 54 will be zero, essentially tri-stating buffer 50.
For simplicity, FIG. 2 does not show a package inductance for the ground reference and VIO returns of transistors 52 and 54. If there are many output buffers switching simultaneously that share the same ground reference and VIO, a large transient current flowing through package inductance can generate ground reference or VIO voltage noise that may be equal in amplitude to VIO. This noise could feed through to a quiescent output and invalidate the whole scheme of low voltage signaling.
FIG. 4 illustrates an output buffer 100 for elimination of such noise. Buffer 100 includes multiple ground reference and VIO package pins. Buffer 100 further comprises a plurality of NAND-gates 101-105, a plurality of inverters 106-112, a set of four NMOS transistors 113-116, a pair of ESD protection diodes 117 and 118, and package inductances represented by inductors 120-123. Diodes 117 and 118 are typically semiconductor junction diodes. For example, diodes 117 and 118 comprise silicon PN junctions with forward bias voltages of approximately 0.5 to 0.7 volts. Transistor 52 (FIG. 2) is equivalent to transistors 113 and 116. Transistor 54 is equivalent to transistors 114 and 115. Transistor 113 may pull an output (OUT) LOW, during a transition from HIGH to LOW, into a "noisy" ground reference. After a delay, transistor 116 turns on to hold the output at a "quiet" ground reference, and transistor 113 turns off. Likewise, transistor 114 pulls the output (OUT) HIGH, during the transition from LOW to HIGH, into a "noisy" VIO. After a delay, transistor 115 turns on to hold the output at a "quiet" VIO, and transistor 114 turns off. This technique is described in further detail in a co-pending U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 07/734,752, filed Jul. 23, 1991, by the present inventor, Frank M. Wanlass. Such application is incorporated herein by reference as if fully laid out.
With reference to FIG. 4, transistors within NAND-gate 103 and inverter 110 are preferably sized such that there will a delay of less than one nanosecond to turn on the gate of transistor 113. This will occur if an input signal (OE) is HIGH, and an input signal (IN) transitions from zero to 3.3 V. Transistors within NAND-gate 104 and inverter 112 are similarly sized to cause a delay of several nanoseconds in turning on the gate of transistor 116. This delay is preferably long enough to allow signal OUT to reach logic LOW. Inverter 111 sends an inverted LOW signal to NAND-gate 103, after a gate of transistor 116 is switched HIGH, making its output HIGH, and the output of inverter 110 LOW, thus turning off transistor 113. For a rising signal IN, the output of inverter 109 transitions LOW forcing the outputs of NAND-gates 102 and 101 to transition to HIGH. The outputs of inverter 108 and 106 go LOW, which turns off transistors transistor 114 and transistor 115. The transistors in NAND-gates 102 and 101, and inverters 108 and 106 are preferably sized to have a minimum delay of less than one nanosecond in turning off transistors 114 and 115. The transistors in inverter 109, NAND-gate 102 and inverter 108 are preferably sized to have a minimum delay of less than one nanosecond in turning on the gate of transistor 114. For example, as occurs when signal OE is HIGH, and signal IN transitions from 3.3 volts to zero. Transistors within NAND-gate 101 and inverter 106 are preferably sized to cause a delay of several nanoseconds in turning the gate of transistor 115 on. This delay is preferably long enough that signal OUT first reaches logic HIGH. For a falling signal IN, the outputs of NAND-gates 104 and 103 go to logic HIGH, and the outputs of inverter 112 and inverter 110 go logic LOW, which turns off transistors 113 and 116. Transistors within NAND-gates 104 and 103, and inverters 112 and 110 are preferably sized to have a delay of less than one nanosecond to turn off transistors 113 and 116.
Diodes 117 and 118 will forward conduct when the voltage across them exceeds 0.5 volts in each direction. Therefore, a 0.3 volt signal will be unaffected, but an electrostatic discharge (ESD) will be shorted. The low voltage operating levels thus allow very simple, and yet very robust ESD protection.
Even though buffer 100 will suppress internal chip generated noise, there may be some externally generated noise that can cause operational problems. FIG. 5 illustrates an input buffer 130 that includes hysteresis in its input-to-output transfer characteristics. Input buffer 130 comprises a plurality of PMOS transistors 131-136, a plurality of NMOS transistors 138-141, a pair of ESD diodes 142 and 143, a pair of inverters 144 and 145 and a voltage divider comprised of a set of three resistors 146-148. The preferred amount of hysteresis is controlled by the values of resistors 146-148. If these resistors are all equal in value, signal IN must rise to two-thirds of 0.3 volts for signal OUT to switch. Signal IN must fall back to one-third of 0.3 volts for signal OUT to switch. Hysteresis allows the input to be subjected to noise almost two-thirds of a full logic swing, without experiencing a false input. Resistors 146, 147 and 148 preferably appear only once in any one chip.
FIG. 6 illustrates a plurality of signal pads 150-155, connected to a common bus line 156, on a given chip, that may act as either outputs or inputs. Signal pads 150-155 may be used to drive long stripline traces, such as on-board and backplane address and data buses. There may typically be several chip inputs and outputs tied to a given signal trace. Termination at the extreme ends of the common line 156, such as resistors 158-161 will minimize reflections for this situation. If line 156 has a characteristic impedance of fifty ohms, then resistors 158-161 may all be equal to one hundred ohms. Since two networks are in parallel, a driver device with an output resistance of five ohms could pull line 156 to within 0.03 volts of ground reference for a logic LOW, and to within 0.03 volts of 0.3 volts for a logic HIGH, which is a tolerance of �10% of VIO.
Resistors 158-161 may be internal to a chip rather than external. NMOS transistors with their gates tied to 3.3 volts can be used to implement such internal resistors. The equivalent of a one hundred ohm resistor comprises an NMOS transistor with a W/L ratio of approximately forty to one. The exact size may depend on the parameters of a particular process.
FIG. 7 illustrates a chip I/O cell 170 with a pair of built-in terminating transistors 172 and 174. Only I/O cells at extreme ends of a common signal line 176 will require such termination. Therefore, a termination enable signal (TE) is preferably used to control whether transistors 172 and 174 are active. For example, in FIG. 6 only chips 153 and 155 at the opposite end of strip line 156 would have such termination networks enabled. In practice, the TE signal may be shared by many I/O cells on a common chip, similar to the way the output enable signal OE is shared.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the presently preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be interpreted as limiting. Various alterations and modifications may no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art after having read the above disclosure. For example, although single-ended interconnections between CMOS devices have been described herein, it would require only a simple modification of the input and output buffers to allow low voltage differential coupling. Such differential coupling is well-known in the background art as having superior common-mode noise rejection qualities. Accordingly, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as covering all alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
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|Aug 31, 2004
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|Semiconductor integrated circuit device
|Jan 27, 2010
|Aug 5, 2010
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
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|Feb 3, 2011
|Jun 9, 2011
|Renesas Electronics Corporation
|Semiconductor integrated circuit device
|May 13, 1998
|Dec 18, 2001
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|Sep 8, 2000
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|Oct 11, 1996
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|Jun 20, 1997
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|Feb 2, 2000
|Actel Corp
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|U.S. Classification
|326/68, 326/30, 326/81, 326/21
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 25, 1993
Owner name: STANDARD MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WANLASS, FRANK M.;REEL/FRAME:006413/0676
Effective date: 19930119
|Jun 27, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 6, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 3, 2003
Owner name: STANDARD MEMS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: RELEASE OF PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:KAVLICO CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:014210/0141
Effective date: 20030520
|Oct 14, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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[] Close & Play
Ayumi Ayukawa in Big Magnum Boink
Duration: 119:54 Views: 15 145 Added: 2 years ago
Can't really say Ayumi Ayukawa is chubby, but you know most girls with large boobs are usually chubby cherubs unless they sport fake ones. This gal definately has huge natural boobies and when she is banged standing, her boobs drop down like water ballons, and off course the the feeling of cupping one of those boobs is like going to heaven. In Big Magnum Boink, they match Ayumi with guys with bigger dicks.
Categories: Japanese JAV Censored Asian Big Tits Threesomes POV Dildos/Toys
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We regret to announce that due to delays and uncertainty with the federal budget process we will not be accepting major grant proposals for 2017. Our Opportunity grant and Mini-grant lines will still be available, and we encourage those who may have been seeking major grant funding to consider submitting through these grant lines. However, the grant limits still apply. We apologize for any inconvenience; if you have any questions please contact us.
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This fine, large and impressive antique sterling silver sugar caster has been made in the Arts & Crafts style by Omar Ramsden and Alwyn Carr.
The caster has a cast silver baluster shaped form onto a stepped circular foot.
The caster has an overall planished finish ornamented with a central band of embossed Yorkshire Rose decoration.
A narrower band of embossed rosehip decoration embellishes the rim of the caster.
This antique sugar caster retains the original push fit cover surmounted with a pierced decorated tendril finial.
The iconic Ramsden inscription, 'Omar Ramsden et Alwyn carr Me Fecervnt', found on all Ramsden pieces may be found to the underside of the base.
This antique sterling silver sugar caster by Ramsden and Carr is a very good gauge of silver, fine quality and in excellent condition.
Full hallmarks struck to the rim and cover are clear.
Reflections in photography may detract from the true representation of this item.
Height to top of finial 18cm/7.1"
Diameter of body 9cm.3.5"
Diameter of base 6.6cm/2.6"
7 troy ounces/218g


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