text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|11 Jan 2005
|Filing date
|10 Oct 2003
|Priority date
|29 Mar 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John Willard Howard, Dan Martin Scott, Darin Wayne Higgins
|Original Assignee
|Sourceprose Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (38), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (23), Classifications (6), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/127,511, filed Apr. 23, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,678,615, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/537,161, filed Mar. 29, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,631,326, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Furthermore, this application is related to the following co-pending patent applications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference:
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/537,849, filed Mar. 29, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Georeferencing Maps"; and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/537,162, filed Mar. 29, 2000, entitled "System and Method for Synchronizing Raster and Vector Map Images."
The present invention generally relates to the analysis of geographic features and characteristics, and, in particular, to a system and method for performing flood zone determinations.
FEMA Flood Maps
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) publishes a large set of "flood maps." These paper maps are the official, Federally sanctioned source for determining flood risk. The flood maps delineate regions that are assigned a flood zone designation from among a limited set of possible designations.
For example, a region designated "Zone A" on a flood map is a high risk area, which FEMA believes has at least a 1 in 30 chance of flooding during any given year. A region designated "Zone V" combines the properties of a "Zone A" with the additional risk of wave action or flowing water. Other zone designations include "X," "AE," "B," "C," and "D," see FIG. 2. In the foregoing context, performing a "flood zone determination" (also known as a "flood hazard determination" or a "flood certification") relative to a location entails a two-step process: (1) determining, based on FEMA flood maps and other materials, the FEMA-designated flood zone for the location in question, and, then, (2) completing required paperwork to report this determination (along with certain other required information) to interested parties, such as home buyers, their lenders, and real estate brokers.
FEMA flood maps come in a variety of styles, but broadly speaking they can be divided into two types of maps, namely, index panels or index panel maps, see
Referring to
Continuing to refer to
Referring to
The "inset" 44 of a panel 10 is any geographic region that is both shown on the panel 10 and as to which FEMA mandates the application of the flood zone designations set forth on the panel 10. A panel inset 44 may be self-connected (connected with all parts of itself) as in
Thus, from the foregoing, an actual map panel 10 consists, in general, of three parts: (1) the inset(s) 44, (2) other (non-designated) geographic regions 34,36,38,50,52,54 within the neatlines 32, which are not included within the inset(s) 44, and (3) areas of the panel which are outside of the neatlines 32, and generally show various types of textual information such as a map legend, the map panel number, and panel effective date, etc. It is true that, in the ideal case, an inset 44 should include only designated regions of the panel 10, but as a practical matter it is sometimes convenient to include some non-designated areas within the insets, so as to simplify the process of gathering inset border data.
Referring to
The index panel 60, generally depicted in
Until the advent of the present invention, the primary purpose of the index maps 60 has been their use as an aid in manually determining which of the panel maps 10 should be consulted in order to make a flood zone determination. For example, if a property is known to be located in Community A, then a map analyst might first locate the property on the Community A index map 60. The analyst could immediately determine - - - by examining the neatline borders 32,62 and the labels "XX," "YY," "ZZ" displayed on the index map 60 - - - which regular panel map 10 to consult. Since there are hundreds of panel maps 10 in the index map 60 of various communities, identification of a particular panel map 10 by examining an index map 60 can be effected more quickly than serially examining large numbers of panel maps 10. The present invention provides other, much more efficient ways of determining the correct regular panel map 10 applicable to a particular location.
Index maps 60 also contain neatline borders 32 for panel maps 10 that are not printed as such, and which are designated "panel not printed" or "PNP." As this name suggests, no actual panel map 10 is ever printed for a PNP. Instead, the relevant index map 60 displays the flood zone classification for the region contained within the PNP neatline borders 32. Accordingly, In the case of a PNP, the flood zone classification is determined from the index map 60, rather than from a regular panel 10.
In addition to the foregoing techniques, flood zone determinations can also be made on the basis of FEMA's denoting certain communities as "flood zone designated communities." In this event, FEMA mandates that a denoted community have the same flood zone classification throughout. As a consequence FEMA does not publish any flood panels - - - either regular 10 or index 60 - - - for the community. A property located anywhere in that community assumes the flood zone classification of the community.
Digital Raster Maps
A digital raster map image may be thought of as a number of points selectively present at each X,Y coordinate of a Cartesian display. These points are usually called "pixels." Besides having an address at an X,Y location, a pixel may have a "value," usually a numeric quantity designating a specified color or grey-scale value for the pixel. The X,Y location and value of each pixel is data that may be stored. A digital raster map may be created by optically, digitally scanning a conventional paper map and thereafter using a computer system to define and/or display it in terms of its pixel locations and color values. Commonly used formats for storing scanned images currently include TIFF, JPEG, and PNG. Any FEMA regular panel 10 or index panel 60 may be represented as a digital raster map.
Digital Vector Maps
A vector map may be viewed as a "virtual" map that comprises, in effect, a collection of stored data. The stored data define the locations of plural nodes and plural straight-line segments interconnecting the nodes. The stored data defining a vector map represents geographic information in the form of collections of points - - - the nodes - - - and line segments interconnecting the nodes to form polygons, i.e., closed figures comprised of line-interconnected nodes. These points, lines, and polygons may have additional information associated with them. For example, the stored data may indicate that a particular point or node is the location of the capitol building, or that a selected polygon describes the border of Lake Placid. The polygons are surrogates for, or representations of, the actual curvilinear configuration of various geographic features: streets, streams, lakes, cities, counties, etc. Typically, the features - - - nodes alone or two or more interconnected nodes - - - are presented in terms of latitude/longitude (or lat/lon) values. If this or another earth-referenced system is used to locate the nodes of the map, the map is said to be georeferenced. A visually sensible map may be "drawn" from the stored data.
In view of the fact that georeferencing of digital raster map images plays a key role in the present invention, the precise meaning of this term, for the purposes hereof and as used herein, is set forth below.
A raster map image is said to be "georeferenced" if there exist mathematical functions, f and g, such that one function can be used to convert the X,Y coordinates of the pixels describing the map image to corresponding latitude/longitude coordinates and the other function can be used to convert the latitude/longitude coordinates of the pixels of the image to their corresponding X,Y coordinates. In other words, f and g effect the following:
1. If (x, y) represents a pixel location on a digital raster map image, then f(x, y)=(Lon, Lat) represents the longitude and latitude of the corresponding physical location; and
2. If (Lon, Lat) represents a physical location that lies within the region covered by the map, then g(Lon, Lat)=(x, y) represents the point on the digital raster map image that corresponds to that longitude and latitude.
In the previous paragraph, (x,y) defines a point pursuant to the natural internal coordinate system of the raster map image. Most digital vector map images use longitude and latitude as their internal coordinate system. Accordingly, most digital vector maps can be considered to be trivially georeferenced per se. Most digital raster map images use the pixels of its image as a kind of natural coordinate matrix. Such a raster map image is not inherently trivially georeferenced and requires the operation of a non-trivial georeferencing function to convert back and forth between coordinate systems.
Most FEMA maps do not contain any latitude/longitude information that would be useful in georeferencing their scanned raster image. Some recently FEMA-issued panels do show latitude/longitude values at certain points thereon, but such panels are in a distinct minority when considered in the context of the 100,000+ panels that FEMA currently provides.
Before real property is bought, sold, or insured, it is common practice to examine the property for the risk of flooding. This is commonly done by examining a map depicting the flood zone in which the property is located. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assigns flood zone classifications and publishes a library of ten of thousands of paper maps showing the various flood zones and their locations in the United States. A determination of whether a property resides in a flood zone and, if so, the classification of such flood zone has, until the advent of the present invention, been typically performed in the following manner.
First, the address of a selected parcel of real property is examined, and the location of the property is determined as a consequence thereof. This may be achieved, for example, through the use of a geocoding system, or by examining an available street map. Next, a map analyst attempts to determine which one(s) of the many thousands of FEMA flood maps contain or depict the location of the property. This determination may entail false starts, dead ends and misdirection and may occasionally require hours of effort before the identity of the flood map containing the property is found. During this process the map analyst may retrieve, from map storage, and view numerous paper maps before determining the one containing the property's location.
Third, having retrieved the required paper map, the map analyst next determines where the property is located on the FEMA map. Finally, the map analyst examines flood zone notations on the map at the property's location in order to determine its flood zone status.
This foregoing manual process can be somewhat improved by scanning the paper FEMA maps into a computer to produce stored digital raster maps, which can be retrieved and viewed as necessary. A digital raster map is a map image that resembles a conventional paper map in that it presents an image of the mapped area, but has no additional underlying data associated with the features of the map. A raster map is typically created by scanning a conventional paper map, and is a grid-based map composed of pixels (or dots) of color or black and white. Each pixel in the grid can be referenced by Cartesian X,Y pixel coordinates, and has an associated value indicating the color of the pixel. Raster images are commonly referred to as "bit mapped" images.
A vector map comprises polygons - - - nodes connected together with straight line segments - - - rather than pixels, to describe an image. Unlike a raster map, in which the map image is simply stored and displayed as a grid of pixels each having an X,Y coordinate, a vector map is drawn from a set of underlying data stored, for example, in a computer memory. A vector map is created through the placement of the nodes on a plane and the connection together of those nodes with straight-line segments. The nodes and lines may be attributed with stored tables of data such as elevations, values, names or other information relative. Vector data can be displayed in three dimensions if the lines are attributed with z values, modified or changed relative to user need, or layered to allow for turning off and on the viewing of different information.
Because of their feature attribution properties, vector maps are particularly useful for displaying geographic data on a computer system. Vector maps are used to display boundaries or lines that denote the position and extent of features, such as county boundaries or lines denoting stream and river systems. It is also very easy to view or manipulate the data underlying a vector map, for example to view or change the elevation of a feature.
Also, because vector maps are drawn from stored data which describe the locations of features shown, they are often inherently georeferenced. Georeferencing is the process of relating source coordinates to referenced geographic coordinates, which are typically in standard latitude/longitude. An image or a vector file is georeferenced to be used within a mapping/geographic environment. In a vector map, the data from which the map is drawn will typically already include a geographic coordinate set.
Modern GIS systems normally make use of digital vector based map information. However, a vast legacy of paper based map information exists. It is very expensive and time consuming to convert all of the information on these paper maps to a digital vector format. In many cases the scope and expense of such conversions render them completely impractical. However, even when a complete conversion to digital vector-based format is not feasible, it is still possible to obtain some of the benefits of computerized map systems by converting the paper maps to digital raster maps (by scanning them), followed by georeferencing the raster images. After georeferencing, there is a clear relationship between the X,Y coordinates of each pixel in the raster map, and the geographic - - - latitude, longitude - - - coordinates of each pixel.
Since flood zone determinations are typically performed using paper FEMA maps, it would be desirable to provide a system and method for performing flood zone certifications that is faster and can be performed less expensively than the process described above.
It is, therefore one object of the present invention to provide an improved system and method for analyzing geographic traits and characteristics. It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved system and method for performing flood zone determinations. However, it should be understood that the present invention relates to analyzing any geographic, ecological, climatological or other trait that is described or indicated on a geographic map, as by shading, coloring or otherwise highlighting various portions of the map to indicate the presence, absence or magnitude of the trait.
The foregoing objects are achieved in the following general manner. The present invention provides a system and method for performing flood zone determinations or assessments of other traits of selected geographic areas using scanned, digital raster map images of originally non-georeferenced maps - - - in the case of flood zone determinations, these are FEMA paper maps that have been georeferenced. Such georeferencing is preferably effected according to the invention of the above-noted commonly assigned '849 application and the CIP application based thereon, but any method that imparts latitude and longitude coordinates to the pixels of the raster map may be used.
To determine the flood zone classification or to assess another trait of a particular property, a user first enters the street address or full legal address of the property into a data processing system. The system determines from the address, possibly with user intervention, the latitude and longitude of the property location. The system then determines which georeferenced raster map or maps include or may include that address and the particular property designated thereby. Specifically, if the system identifies a single georeferenced raster map as the only map on which the address appears, that georeferenced raster map is retrieved and utilized to generate a flood zone certificate for the property. If, as is possible, the system identifies two or more georeferenced raster maps as containing, or as likely to contain, the address, a "short list" of possible georeferenced raster maps is ultimately produced. It is then determined which of several georeferenced raster maps on the short list contains the property. After there is identified the one georeferenced raster map that both contains the property and is properly usable to determine flood zone classifications for the property, the user examines the flood zone or other data thereon. Alternatively, the system can compare the geographic coordinates of the property against a database of flood zone boundaries for an automated flood zone determination. The system can also generate, store, and produce flood zone certificates according to the flood zone determination.
More specifically, the present invention relies on the availability of a complete set of scanned and georeferenced images of all extant FEMA maps in raster format and the storage of the FEMA maps and the respective georeferencing functions correlating their pixels' coordinates to the lat/lon coordinate system of a stored vector map. Georeferencing FEMA paper maps is covered in commonly assigned, copending '849 application and in the CIP based thereon. Preferably, the user also has the ability to synchronize the display of the FEMA map with any other georeferenced map, such as the vector map, as set forth in the commonly assigned, copending '162 application and in the CIP based thereon. The '849 application and its related CIP application provide for the generation and fine tuning of a georeferencing function which mathematically relates each pixel of an ungeoreferenced raster map, showing flood zone classifications, to the latitude,longitude coordinates of its corresponding geographic location.
The present invention provides, inter alia, for determining the flood zone classification of specific real property as described hereafter.
Before the system is used to determine the flood zone classification of a particular property - - - or to assess some other trait present at or associated with the property - - - a virtual grid of rectangular regions is defined. The virtual grid covers a geographic region that contains all of the geographic area contained on the FEMA maps or other maps conveying information related to geographic areas. Each of these grid-rectangles is defined to be the set of all locations with latitude between specified lower and upper bounds, and longitude between specified lower and upper bounds. For example, one grid-rectangle might be the set of all (latitude, longitude) satisfying 35.1<=latitude<35.2 and 93.5<=longitude<93.6. For each grid-rectangle whose area intersects the area covered by some inset on a FEMA or other trait-indicating map, a list of all such intersecting insets is created.
It should be recognized that initially "attaching to" or associating with first each grid rectangle a list of all the insets with which it intersects substantially shortens the time it takes to search for the inset containing the property of interest. Specifically, because of the simple nature of the virtual first grid system, it is quite easy to calculate which grid rectangle contains a specified property. And, if the first grid rectangle containing the property has attached thereto a list of the insets which intersect the grid rectangle, a fortiori, if the property intersects a flood map inset, that inset is one of the insets contained on the list attached to the first grid-rectangle. In effect, then, the insets on the grid rectangle's list constitute a "long list" that is a list of all insets that possibly contain the property. The long list is quite limited, compared to the total number of insets derived from FEMA or other maps, and selecting a "short list" or "the" inset becomes quite expedient.
Referring to
A "bounding box" 70 is calculated or constructed for each inset polygon 72 generated during the georeferencing procedures of the '849 application. As used herein, a bounding box 70 is the set of geographic locations, (latitude, longitude), defined by {Minimum latitude of inset 72}<=latitude<{Maximum latitude of inset 72} and {Minimum longitude of inset 72}<=longitude<{Maximum longitude of inset 72}. Put another way, it is the smallest imaginary or virtual rectilinear quadrilateral that can be drawn or constructed to just contain an irregular polygon 72 with the sides of the quadrilateral having either a North-South or East-West orientation.
Using the bounding box 70 as a "polygon," a determination is made of all first grid-rectangles 74 that are overlapped or intersected thereby. Each overlap or intersection, indicated by large dots in
A second virtual grid is defined, the members of which are those first grid rectangles 74 that are intersected by the bounding box 70 and, therefore, might be intersected by the bounding box's inset 44. Initially mark or denote these grid rectangles 74 initially in the second grid as "not processed."
As shown by the arrow 76 in
If, during traversal of the inset polygon 72, one or more of the segments 80 is found to intersect a particular second grid rectangle 74, then there is intersection between the second grid rectangle 74 and the inset polygon 72. If no such intersecting segment 80 is found, then either the second grid rectangle 74 is surrounded by and entirely within the inset polygon 72 - - - there is intersection - - - or the second grid rectangle 74 is wholly outside the inset polygon 72, and there is no intersection.
If, during traversal of the inset polygon 72, one or more of the segments 80 is found to intersect a particular second grid rectangle 74, then the inset 72 is added to the list of insets 72 that intersect that second grid rectangle 74 (if it is not already on that list). Any such grid rectangle 74 is now denoted as "border" and "processed."
For each second grid rectangle 74 that remains "not processed" proceed as follows:
Thus, the system and method of the present invention begin with the georeferencing method and system of the '849 application and the CIP application based thereon and perform an initial step of creating a list for each rectangle grid. Each list contains and identifies all FEMA insets that intersect the list's grid rectangle 74. The location of real property, expressed in latitude, longitude can be associated with the grid rectangle that contains it, which, in turn associates it with a short list of all possible insets that could contain the property. Various methods may be used to quickly examine the short list and determine which inset is the flood control map applicable to the property.
When a customer submits the location of the property on which a flood - - - or other - - - determination is to be made, the submission may take several forms. Often the location is given by providing the property's street address. Sometimes a legal address is given, which may contain a "metes and bounds" description; sometimes the customer provides the latitude and longitude coordinates of the property. The customer request for a flood determination and the accompanying location information forms the basis for creating a work order which is stored on the computer system.
From a work order, the latitude,longitude coordinates ("lat/lon") of the property must be determined. As noted above, the customer may sometimes provide this information directly, thus eliminating the need for further effort. Generally, however, the address (street, legal, or other) must be converted into lat/lon. This conversion is called "geocoding." Once geocoding has been performed - - - the lat/lon coordinates have been determined - - - the lat/lon are recorded on the computer system along with other work order data. Common methods for geocoding, include, but are not limited to:
(a) Automatic methods, including
(b) Methods requiring human intervention
There must be selected the appropriate FEMA flood map image from which the flood zone classification of the property can be made. More specifically, the system determines which inset 72 on which flood map image 10 - - - both of which have been georeferenced, preferably by the method of the '849 application and the resulting CIP application - - - should be used to make the flood determination for the property. There are a very large number of insets contained in 100,000+ FEMA flood maps. Accordingly, the final choice of the proper inset is made in two stages. The first stage (a) is automatically accomplished by the computer system, while the second stage (b) may require human intervention.
(a) Automatically create a "long list" of possible insets which may include the property. This process is described above, and involves the explication of the virtual first grid of rectangles, expressed in lat/lon coordinates, which covers a geographic region that contains all flood map image insets. In specific implementations of the present invention, the grid has 20,000 lines in the North-South direction, and 40,000 lines in the East-West direction and covers the entire globe, which results in grid-rectangles of approximately 1 kilometer square at the equator (and smaller elsewhere). Due to the simple nature of this first grid structure, it is a simple matter to calculate which first grid rectangle contains any given point. It is also simple to determine which grid rectangles contain any part of a given great curve connecting two points of given latitude and longitude.
Geocoding the address of the property, permits the determination of the selected first grid-rectangle that contains the property. Selection of the first grid-rectangle permits access to its long list of intersecting insets. If the property is located on any inset, then it must be one of the insets in this list.
(b) Point-in-polygon testing of the property with respect to each polygon in the long list is performed to determine which panel map insets 44 contain the property. This list of insets in called the "short list." The borders of each inset in the short list are displayed on the system. This display and associated information on the insets are used by the user to determine which is the single inset 44 (and therefore panel 10) from which the property's flood zone classification may be determined. The user determines the flood zone classification of the property from the appropriate panel map. The user will also note the specific community and/or county containing the property, when more than one possibility exists. Additional related information—community status, panel effective date, insurance availability, community number, lender ID number, and useful property-locating data can be determined using a database of flood information. Note that a purely automated system for completing Flood Hazard Determinations (no human intervention) can first be tried, and the job need only be passed to this system in the event of the failure of the purely automated system.
With reference to
Also connected to system bus 106 is I/0 bus bridge 110. In the exemplary embodiment, data processing system 100 includes graphics adapter 118 connected to bus 106, receiving user interface information for display 120. Peripheral devices such as nonvolatile storage 114, which may be a hard disk drive, and keyboard/pointing device 116, which may include a conventional mouse, a trackball, or the like, are connected to 1/0 bus 112.
The exemplary embodiment shown in
The data processing system described above can also include one or more image scanners, to convert a map from paper format to a digital raster map.
The preferred embodiment provides a system and method for performing flood zone determinations using scanned, georeferenced, digital raster map images. The user, to determine the flood zone classification of a particular property, first enters the street address, or full legal address, into a data processing system. The system determines, from the address, which raster map includes that particular property. The system retrieves that map, and utilizes georeferencing information to locate the property on the raster map. The user can visually verify the location of the property as marked on the displayed raster map, and can at that point examine the flood zone indications on the raster map. The system can also generate, store, and produce flood zone certificates according to the flood zone determination.
The georeferencing of the non-georeferenced FEMS maps is described in the '849 application A digital map image is considered georeferenced if a pair of mathematical functions, f, and g, have been defined that can be used to convert back and forth between the coordinates of the map image (as defined by the pixels of the image) and the corresponding longitude and latitude of the location of that point.
That is, f and g do the following:
Here, x and y represent the natural internal coordinate system of the map image. Typically, as described above, a digital raster map image uses the pixels of its image as a natural coordinate matrix. However, in most cases, a vector—based map image uses longitude and latitude as its internal coordinate system; if so, it can be considered to be trivially georeferenced already. Therefore the functions f ( ) and g ( ) above are non-trivial georeferencing functions required to convert back and forth between coordinate systems.
Once the raster map images of the preferred embodiment are georeferenced, the system can easily locate specific geographic locations thereon. This is important, because, as discussed above, each rectangle of the virtual grid ultimately has associated therewith a list of all map insets that intersect it. Thus, when a specific geocoded location is entered, the grid rectangle containing the address is immediately locatable. If a single inset is on the rectangle's list, it is that very inset and its panel map that exclusively contain the sought after flood zone information. If, on the other hand, the list contains two or more insets, the procedures described earlier lead to a determination of which is the only appropriate inset and associated panel map by which to evaluate the location.
While the process of the preferred embodiment has assumed that the required paper map has been previously georeferenced, it is also possible that the property in question is only found on a traditional paper map. If this is the case, the user may scan the paper map into the data processing system to create a raster map image. The image may then be georeferenced to provide georeferencing functions for converting between the raster map image coordinates and the geographic coordinates. Once this has been done, the process of the preferred embodiment can be performed as described above.
It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functional data processing system and/or network, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanism of the present invention is capable of being distributed in the form of a computer usable medium of instructions in a variety of forms, and that the present invention applies equally, regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of computer usable mediums include: nonvolatile, hard-coded type mediums such as read only memories (ROMs) or erasable, electrically programmable read only memories (EEPROMs), recordable type mediums such as floppy disks, hard disk drives and CD-ROMs, and transmission type mediums such as digital and analog communication links.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Li et al., "Accuracy Assessment of Mapping Products Produced from the Star-3i Airborne IFSAR System."
|Roux, "Automatic Registration of Spot Images and Digitied Maps," IEEE, p. 625-628, 1996.
|Scott et al., U.S. Appl. No. 09/821,170, filed Mar. 29, 2001.
|Scott et al., U.S. Appl. No. 09/821,638, filed Mar. 29, 2001.
|Wang, "Integrating GIS's and Remote Sensing Image Analysis Systems by Unifying Knowledge Representation Schemes," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 29, No. 4, p. 656-664, Jul. 1991.
|Citing Patent
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|10 Mar 2008
|2 Mar 2010
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
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|31 Oct 2007
|9 Mar 2010
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|10 Mar 2008
|15 Jun 2010
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Method and apparatus for automatic identification of bodies of water
|4 Dec 2007
|15 Feb 2011
|First American Real Estate Solutions Llc
|Parcel data acquisition and processing
|10 Mar 2008
|22 Feb 2011
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Method and apparatus for automatic linear object identification using identified terrain types in images
|16 Oct 2007
|29 Mar 2011
|Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
|Systems and methods for flood risk assessment
|18 Jul 2003
|19 Jul 2011
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Method and apparatus for automatic object identification
|17 Nov 2006
|13 Dec 2011
|Corelogic Real Estate Solutions, Llc
|Updating a database with determined change identifiers
|24 Jan 2011
|13 Dec 2011
|Corelogic Real Estate Solutions, Llc
|Parcel data acquisition and processing
|4 Dec 2007
|17 Sep 2013
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Systems and methods for tracking parcel data acquisition
|17 Nov 2006
|24 Sep 2013
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Systems and methods for flood area change detection
|17 Nov 2006
|11 Feb 2014
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Displaying a flood change map with change designators
|6 Feb 2008
|18 Feb 2014
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Systems and methods for quantifying flood risk
|28 Jun 2012
|15 Jul 2014
|Floodsearch Llc
|Methods and systems for remote flood zone determinations
|7 Mar 2014
|30 Jun 2015
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Systems and methods for tracking parcel data acquisition
|7 Aug 2013
|11 Aug 2015
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Systems and methods for tracking parcel data acquisition
|12 Feb 2014
|15 Dec 2015
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Systems and methods for quantifying flood risk
|19 May 2015
|5 Sep 2017
|Corelogic Solutions, Llc
|Systems and methods for tracking parcel data acquisition
|18 Jul 2003
|20 Jan 2005
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Method and apparatus for automatic object identification
|31 Oct 2007
|13 Mar 2008
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
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|10 Mar 2008
|11 Sep 2008
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
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|11 Sep 2008
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
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|10 Mar 2008
|25 Dec 2008
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|U.S. Classification
|702/5, 702/34, 701/532
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|11 Jul 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|13 Jun 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|19 Aug 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|11 Jan 2017
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|28 Feb 2017
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20170111


text:
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Productivity | iPhone, iPad
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Productivity | iPhone, iPad

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Lord Tope: My Lords, I join in the gratitude and praise that are being heaped upon the Minister this afternoon. Like the noble Lord, Lord Pilkington, I believe we have had a positive start to these proceedings. That is a welcome change from what occurred earlier in the week. I welcome what the Minister had to say with reference to her Amendment No. 6 and my Amendment No. 4, which I shall not move in view of what she has said. She has recognised that there is a difference between the phrase, "not less than half" and the phrase, "a majority". That may be a semantic difference in some respects, but it is not necessarily so. The phrase, "not less than half" means what it says. If we are talking about half the council, and the chair has the casting vote, that is not a majority. Therefore I believe that there is an important difference between the two phrases. I certainly would have pressed Amendment No. 4 if the Minister had not said that the Government intend the majority membership of the GTC to comprise teachers, and that an amendment will be forthcoming at Third Reading. As I have said, in the light of that assurance I shall not move my amendment.
I echo the wise words of the noble Lord, Lord Walton of Detchant, on the time that people can spare. However, the only reservation I have is that the experience of those teachers who may no longer be employed as teachers needs to be relatively recent. As we all know, it is a fast-changing world, not least in schools, and experience can rapidly become out of date. I am sure that when the Minister frames the amendment on Third Reading she will bear that in mind. I repeat that I shall not move my Amendment No. 4. That seems to be something I am saying too often this week.
I turn to the other amendments we are discussing. The noble Lord, Lord Northbourne, may speak again in a moment, but I understood him to say that he was not proposing that pupils themselves should be members of the GTC, nor indeed parents of pupils, which might possibly be more practicable, but rather that their interests should be recognised. I believe that is not quite what the amendment states. However, the intention of the amendment is one that we wholeheartedly support, as I believe does the Minister. Perhaps a further amendment could be framed more accurately to reflect that interest.
I welcome Amendment No. 5 in the name of the Minister and the recognition of the teaching,
That is an important matter for my party and the Minister's amendment is welcome. I am pleased that the Minister has included that matter on the face of the Bill. I also welcome the recognition of the interests of commerce and industry. That, again, reflects part of an amendment which I and my noble friends moved in Committee. I am pleased that the Minister has recognised the importance of what we said in that regard.
As regards Amendment No. 5A, again I have a sense of the positive proceedings that have taken place this afternoon. As has already been said, it is important that we recognise the role the Churches play in providing training for teachers, and in our schools. It is important that that role is properly recognised on the GTC. I am not exactly sure how that is best done but it is important that it is done. We certainly support the amendment.
I again welcome Amendments Nos. 79 and 80. At Committee stage we made much--and I think rightly--of the unsatisfactory nature of this Bill and of how much was left to regulation. Therefore it is important that the House has an opportunity to examine and debate those regulations. I am pleased that the Minister has recognised those genuine and important concerns and has tabled these amendments at this stage.
Earl Baldwin of Bewdley: My Lords, I am in the happy position of being able to tear up my notes on Amendment No. 4, as we are not now going to have an issue over that one. I no longer need to make a number of points, but will reinforce the remarks of the noble Lord, Lord Tope. I join him in saying that at least half is not quite the same thing as a majority. I am glad that the noble Baroness accepted that point, and I join the chorus of congratulations on the flexibility that she is showing on this, as in respect of Amendments Nos. 79 and 80 and affirmative resolutions. We are very grateful.
I agree with my noble friend Lord Walton of Detchant. His remarks reminded me that I was a serving teacher at a comprehensive school when I first became, technically, a Member of this House. There was not a ghostly chance of my getting time off to spend any period here. I imagine the same would be true of the general teaching council. That point ought to be borne in mind.
Baroness Carnegy of Lour: My Lords, my only contribution to discussion on Clause 1 in Committee was that teachers should have the majority on the council. I do not think that it is even slightly different to have it being not less than half. They will in theory control their own council and that is an important point. I am sure that the Government are doing the right thing. I am wondering whether those teachers will have to be registered teachers. It would be slightly strange if the council is controlled by people who are not on the register that they keep. That points out the anomalies in the Bill, which makes it not actually essential to be on a register to teach at a school. I understand from the Association of Head Teachers in Scotland that only teachers in state schools will have to be registered. There is a slightly awkward anomaly here that the Government ought perhaps to address.
Lord Annan: My Lords, I much agree with the amendment proposed by the noble Lord, Lord Walton of Detchant, but there is a point to which the noble Lord, Lord Mishcon, drew attention. It would be helpful if the words "religious denominations" were used rather than "Churches". I am sure that our non-conformist colleagues and those in the Society of Friends would not
Lord Northbourne: My Lords, I am most grateful to the noble Baroness for what she said about Amendment No. 3A.
Baroness Blackstone: My Lords, I believe that the noble Lord, Lord Northbourne, may speak at the end. I begin by saying how grateful I am to Members of your Lordships' House who have spoken in the debate. We are moving towards a very constructive discussion.
As to Amendment No. 3A, moved by the noble Lord, Lord Northbourne, the interests of parents and pupils are central to the setting up of the GTC, which is about the raising of the professional standards of teachers. We will of course consult further about the possible representation of parents on the council. In light of that, I hope that the noble Lord will feel able to withdraw his amendment.
On Amendment No. 5, I was grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Campbell of Alloway, for his remarks about his discussions with my honourable friend the Under-Secretary of State. There is widespread support in the House for the desirability of the council's membership reflecting persons who have knowledge and understanding of pupils with special educational needs. I am very glad that that amendment has been welcomed.
With regard to Amendment No. 5A, I will pick up the point made by the noble Lords, Lord Mishcon and Lord Annan. Of course I take the point that we are not just talking about churches but also religious denominations--religious interests, indeed--and will take that into account. I support also the remarks of the right reverend Prelate and the noble Baroness, Lady Young, about the major role that the Churches in particular but other denominations also play in the provision of education. We are absolutely committed to ensuring that the interests of the Churches are represented. We will be consulting on the membership of the council and shall listen closely to any suggestions from the Churches on how best to ensure that denominational interests are well represented.
The noble Baroness, Lady Young, thought that something ought to be on the face of the Bill, and I undertake to consider further how we could make our intentions clearer and whether an amendment might be appropriate. I think that would have to be done in another place.
The GTC will be working to raise the quality of teaching and learning in our schools for the benefit of a wide range of people. The noble Lord, Lord Walton of Detchant, was supported by the noble Earl, Lord Baldwin of Bewdley, and the noble Baroness, Lady Carnegy of Lour, on the issue of whether we could ensure that some teachers on the council were recently retired. It is important that any teachers on the
The noble Lord, Lord Pilkington, referred to the importance of different types of schools--primary and secondary. I am not sure that he mentioned the nursery schools but they also should be included. We will certainly consult on how to involve different types of schools but I am reluctant to put more detail on the face of the Bill, so that we do not constrain consultation. Your Lordships will of course have the opportunity to debate the regulations before they are made.
I am grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Tope, for his comments about Amendment No. 4, which he intends to withdraw, and Amendment No. 6. I hope that we are able to come forward with something on which we all agree.
Baroness Carnegy of Lour: My Lords, with the leave of the House and before the noble Baroness sits down, she did not answer my question. I was not inquiring about retired teachers but questioning whether teachers would have to be registered.
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Hello and welcome to…
"A Beginner's Crash Course on Journalling"
This is a 7 part series where I will share my journey into journalling. During this series I will be talking about the ins and outs of journalling from all the information I have gathered from my extensive research and my experience so far. When I was originally writing this, it was just going to be just one post…but I just had so much to say and the post got longer and longer. So, I thought it was best to break it up for you…and turn it into a mini 'Crash Course'.
If you want to learn how to express yourself through journalling and learn more about yourself then this series is for you. This will be your first step to a happier and more fulfilled life.
This series is will be very beneficial for people who want to start journalling but does not know where to start…it will also be beneficial for beginner 'journal writers' that need some inspiration and encouragement. I really hope you will join me and start your very own journalling journey.
Here is an overview of what the 'Crash Course' will consist of;
This is where I will tell you my story, my journalling journey. I will go over how and why I started journalling.
Part 2: What Is Journalling, Anyway?
This is where I will explain what journalling is and why it is a good idea to start.
This is where I will go through the many different benefits you will experience if you decide to start journalling.
Part 4: The Different Ways & Uses
This is where I will go through all the different ways you can use a journal and the different situations you could use them for.
Part 5: Different Journalling Supplies
This is where I will go through all the different kinds of journals you can get and what materials you will need.
Part 6: Journalling Challenges
This is where I will go through all the challenges you may face when starting to journal and how to overcome them
This is where I will give you tips and tricks on how to get started and how to stay on track.
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text:
TfL unveils hugely encouraging road casualty figures
The number of people killed and seriously injured (KSI) on London's roads fell by 23% during 2013 to its lowest level since records began, according to figures released by TfL.
The total number of road casualties in London also fell, by around 5%, to its lowest ever level.
The 2013 figures keep TfL firmly on track to achieve its target to reduce the number of KSIs on London's roads by 40% by 2020 (from a 2005-09 baseline). Taking into account progress made in 2013, KSIs are currently 36% below the 2005-09 average.
There were 132 fatalities on London's roads in 2013, the second lowest number since records began, and fatalities involving pedestrians were down from 69 in 2012 to 65 in 2013. Deaths involving powered two-wheeled riders also fell from 27 in 2012 to 22 in 2013.
While cyclist deaths remained the static at 14, there was a 27% reduction in cyclist KSIs - from 671 in 2012, to 489 in 2013.
Pedestrian KSIs were also significantly down (25%) compared to 2012 (from 1,123 to 838).
The number of children KSIs fell by 31% to 187 (down from 270 in 2012).
This is a reduction of around three quarters when compared to the year 2000, showing the "continuing long-term progress in London in making its streets safer for all", according to TfL.
Boris Johnson, mayor of London, said: "These statistics are hugely encouraging, but they are by no means the end of the story.
"Our ultimate goal is to see a London where roads are free from death and serious injury, which is why we're investing significant funding to make the road network fit for the 21st century.
"From overhauling the most notorious junctions, to investing in the latest technology, TfL is pushing hard on all fronts to make London's roads as safe as they can possibly be for all users."
Leon Daniels, managing director of surface transport at TfL, said: "We have a huge programme of investment underway to improve the road network and public spaces as London continues its rapid growth.
"Much of this work includes radical steps to improve road safety, including segregated cycling lanes and much improved junctions.
"We will also make more data openly available to enable others to help us make progress."
Comment on this story
Report a reader comment
That's not how I view the graphs. But rather than argue with you I will leave others to look if they are interested.
Rod King, 20's Plenty for Us
Very helpful Rod.
That 150 page report shows that most casualty trends were flatlining, or even rising, until 2000, which aligns with my surmise.
Eric Bridgstock, Independent Road Safety Research, St Albans
Any resort to innuendo and suspicion is not well founded. Neither is any comment regarding online reports only go back to 2002. A quick 5 minutes of googling came up with this report which shows the statistics and trends from 1995 to 2004.
See http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/collisions-and-casualties-2004.pdf
Rod King, 20's Plenty for Us
The TfL release does indeed include "data tables and a good amount of other statistics and information" but why do they not present clear charts showing performance over the long term? Why do they compare to 2000 when their online reports go back only to 2002? One suspects that 2000 was an unusually bad year.
Eric Bridgstock, Independent Road Safety Research, St Albans
The TfL release includes links to the full article including data tables and a good amount of other statistics and information. The data is in Excel spreadsheets from which you can produce charts.
Honor Byford, Chair, Road Safety GB
We need to see the graph over the period referred to. They compare to 2000, 2005-9 baseline and 2012. Trends are clear only when the big picture is viewed, not just a few selected stats.
Eric Bridgstock, Independent Road Safety Research, St Albans
I think that these stats are encouraging and hope that they will remain low and that it was not just a downward blip. However, with so many changes taking place simultaneously and much being done to encourage and support cycling initiatives and other road safety endeavours, it would be hard perhaps to speculate on any one factor that has made such a reduction possible.
bob craven Lancs
If Local Authorities across the country had the equivalent amount of money to invest in road safety I am sure we would see the same or better statistics everywhere else. London gets the lion's share financially and then boasts about its levels of 'success'...a bit annoying to say the least, or is it just jealousy? Either way, someone needs to bring some equity across the country rather than continuing with the present system.
Tim Draper
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Even way back before Captain America: Civil War hit theaters and starting taking no prisoners at the box office, fans were scouring the internet for as much information about the film as they could find. And that hasn't changed, even in the aftermath of the movie's release.
So now it's our turn to count down our favorite trivia and fun facts about [Captain America: Civil War](tag:994409). And yes, there are minor spoilers in the list, so if you haven't seen it yet, then make like Bruce Banner and get outta here!
Alright, we good? Let's begin.
1. Move Over, Tony Stark
This is the first Marvel Cinematic Universe film that begins with a cold open right off the bat, before the Marvel Studios logo — and it's a damn cold open indeed.
It's also the first film in the MCU to feature Iron Man/Tony Stark in a non-cameo role where Robert Downey Jr. doesn't have top billing on the credits. Well, it is a Captain America movie after all.
2. Charlie Cox Was Interested In Getting A Cameo
You might've seen a little thing called the Marvel Netflix TV shows, in which Charlie Cox portrays the Daredevil of Hell's Kitchen. Daredevil has a role and an epic put-down directed at Iron Man in the Civil War comics, but sadly he doesn't appear in the movie.
Not for lack of trying, though. Cox was interested in getting on board in a cameo role when he discovered that Daredevil appeared in the comic books, but he raised the question a little too late and "missed that boat," as he told IGN.
3. Black Panther-Man
In early drafts, Chadwick Boseman's Black Panther/T'Challa was only supposed to appear in a very minor role and not even in that excellent Vibranium costume, as the writers wanted to put more focus on Spider-Man (Tom Holland).
But negotiations with Sony seemed like they weren't going to work out in time, so Spider-Man's larger role was cut and T'Challa's was fleshed out. When the deal went through, the Panther's role was already so important to the plot that it was left in, and we're pretty glad it was.
4. Chris Evans Was Injured In A Stunt
Co-director Joe Russo called the scene where Captain America (Chris Evans) stops Bucky from taking off in the helicopter with his bare hands "the most powerful shot of the film" — and it came at a cost, as Chris Evans injured his arm muscles while straining against the crane. According to the Cap actor:
"That was in the first week of filming. And I actually messed up my arm doing it, I really did. It's a fake helicopter, obviously, but it was drifting beyond the ability of control. I tweaked a little something. To this day, I'm still messed up."
Evans describes the scene as "a little bit of bicep porn," and his co-star Robert Downey Jr. jokes that the directors didn't mind the injury because of how great the final shot turned out. Sometimes you've just gotta sacrifice for your art.
5. Marvel's Kevin Feige Wanted Plummer For MCU Spiderman
By now we all know the face of young British actor Tom Holland thanks to his debut as the MCU Spider-Man, but he wasn't the only one shortlisted for the role. Final screen tests had the contenders down to Holland and the 16-year-old Charlie Plummer.
Casting decisions were divided, with Marvel's Kevin Feige wanting Plummer for the role and Sony Pictures co-studio chief Amy Pascal having her sights set on Holland. The 19-year-old Brit reportedly won out due to child labor laws applying to Plummer until he turns 18, which would've seriously restricted filming hours for Spider-Man: Homecoming.
6. Aunt May And Tony Stark Flirt
Speaking of Spidey, there's already been a bit of chemistry between his aunt May Parker (Marisa Tomei) and mentor Tony Stark, which isn't all that surprising.
RDJ and Tomei starred together in 1992's Chaplin and the 1994 romantic comedy Only You, and the two were romantically linked during this time. Watch out, Peter — you might be getting an Iron Uncle soon.
7. Birds Of A Feather
And speaking of coupling up, Captain America: Civil War is the second movie in the franchise to star both Jeremy Renner (Hawkeye/Clint Barton) and Anthony Mackie (Falcon/Sam Wilson).
The two appeared together in 2008's The Hurt Locker, and though they both appeared in [The Avengers: Age Of Ultron](tag:293035), Civil War is the first time the two heroes appear together in the same scene, as they both take part in the battle as part of Team Cap.
8. Oscar Nominee Makovsky Wanted Paul Bettany To Look Like Cary Grant
There was a lot of neat costuming in Civil War, but according to costume designer Judianna Makovsky, the character who was the most fun to dress was Paul Bettany's Vision.
You probably noticed the android rocking some stylish cashmere sweaters in the movie. Makovsky drew inspiration from 1940s style as she thought that's what J.A.R.V.I.S. would wear — but he's actually also wearing "the dandiest of all affectations, an ascot." Yep, even though it's not very visible most of the time, Vision is rocking a dandy neckerchief in his civilian scenes.
9. Robert Downey Jr As A Futurist
There was a ton of references scattered throughout Civil War, but one of our favorites has to be a comment made by Hawkeye to Tony Stark when he pays them a visit in the Raft lockup.
In this scene Hawkeye calls him the Futurist, which is the name of the first and only album of Robert Downey Jr.'s short-lived music career, released in 2004.
10. Sebastian Stan Holds Romanian-American Nationality
When we find the AWOL Bucky Barnes (Sebastian Stan), he's laying low in Bucharest, the capital of Romania. In the first scene where we meet him as Bucky, not the Winter Soldier, he's buying some fruit from a street market and conversing in Romanian.
Stan didn't have to learn any Romanian for this scene, as he is fluent in the language. He was in fact born in Constanta, the oldest continuously inhabited city in Romania, and holds dual Romanian-American nationality.


text:
BREMERTON — A Washington State Ferries executive whose ticket-seller son was fired by the agency has been placed on administrative leave for undisclosed reasons.
The Kitsap Sun reports that operations director Steve Rodgers was administratively reassigned to his home on July 3. Rodgers' son Josh, a ticket seller at the Fauntleroy terminal, was fired last December after a spot check revealed that $529 was missing from his working fund.
Josh Rodgers insisted that he just borrowed the money for gas and was going to pay it back the next day. He's appealing his termination, and it's not clear whether his father's administrative leave is related.
A human resources consultant for the ferries wrote in a letter that it appeared Josh Rodgers may have received preferential treatment over the years. The letter, obtained through a public records request, said that while he had received six verbal or written warnings since July 2010, terminal supervisors never asked management for disciplinary action.


text:
'Hi girls, I'm Reshma and I'm here to teach you how to get perfect red lips,' says a cheery 19-year-old, posing confidently in front of her webcam. It's time for her online tutorial and Reshma Bano Qureshi knows that thousands of her virtual followers will be watching her closely to glean make-up tips.
'Start with brushing your lips – this removes dead skin and makes your lips rosy. Next, apply lip balm so that the lipstick doesn't dry.
'Use a lip liner. It should be the same colour as your lipstick. Now, apply the lipstick – only on the lips, not on the edges.'
With a slight tilt of the head she adds: 'Looks perfect, right?'
And then comes the tip that sets this tutorial apart from others – and reveals Reshma truly is a remarkable young woman. 'You'll find a red lipstick easily in the market… just like you can easily find concentrated acid.'
She continues: the easy availability of the acid is a reason acid attacks are so common across the world. 'So sign the petition and help enforce the ban on the open sale of acid,' pleads the Indian teenager.
This is one girl who knows only too well acid's potential to destroy lives.
Left with horrific burns and scars following an attack inflicted on her reportedly by her brother-in-law and his friends – they mistook her for her elder sister, who was their target – Reshma is taking the fashion and beauty world by storm with her powerful campaign titled #EndAcidSale to highlight the plight of victims and promote the power of inner beauty.
Earlier this month she walked the ramp at the New York Fashion Week. Opening FTL Moda's runway show dressed in a long-sleeved white gown with colourful panels, created by renowned Indian designer Archana Kochhar, she wowed the audience with her confidence and poise.
But the path to the runway has not been an easy one.
Just two years ago, Reshma was a shy stay-at-home teenager, happy to just study. 'I had very ordinary plans for myself,' she says. 'Marriage, a family…'
But on May 19, 2014, her life took a dramatic turn as she walked to an exam centre with her elder sister Gulshan in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gulshan was fleeing an abusive relationship with her husband and was about to receive full custody of their five-year-old son.
As they left the bus station, her brother-in-law pounced and grabbed hold of his wife's hand, spilling acid on it.
She screamed and warned Reshma to run away, but two men on motorbikes raced after her.
'While I was running, the motorcyclists caught me by the hair and forced me on the ground,' she recalls, horror etched on her face. 'One tore my burka and threw acid all over my face.
'I had no clue what was happening but at that moment my face felt like it was on fire.
'My brother-in-law was angry that my sister had taken their son. To take revenge, he came to attack her with acid but in the melee, they spilled the corrosive substance on me.' She says passers-by ignored her screams for help, fearing they would be dragged to court as witnesses, and the sisters lay by the roadside for hours before someone recognised them and called their parents.
Five hours after her ordeal, Reshma was taken to hospital after a lengthy police interrogation.
Weeks and months of treatment followed as her face quickly revealed its disfigurement. She lost her left eye and her right eye is still partially closed.
While Gulshan's husband was arrested and jailed, a juvenile in the gang has been freed on bail and two other accomplices remain at large, the family said. Reshma underwent five skin grafts to correct the worst of the burns. The scarring has also tightened the skin around her mouth, which will require surgical correction in the future.
'I lost hope in everything,' says the brave teenager. 'I thought my life was over, my face was taken away from me, my identity was snatched.
'I had no will to live. The pain was unbearable… I had to keep my face covered all the time so no one could see me.' She remembers the day she first saw herself post-surgery. 'I fell unconscious. I was a beautiful girl but now all I saw in the mirror was a scalded face with a missing eye.
'I failed to understand why it happened to me.'
She was left depressed and hid away at her home crying in despair, ashamed of her scars.
'Treatment was also expensive and I could see my parents struggling for money. I used to tell them that I do not need surgeries and that I should end my life.'
Her father, Zahir Ahmad, 58, who works as a taxi driver, had already taken a loan from relatives to pay for her surgeries and could not afford further treatment for her.
But Reshma's life and perspective changed when she met Ria Sharma – president and founder of the charity Make Love Not Scars that works with acid attack survivors in India – who helped pay for her plastic surgery and put her on a rehabilitation programme.
She was also encouraged to set herself up online as a vlogger – and soon found herself with an adoring fan club of followers.
'I have been showered with nothing but immense love, encouragement and support,' Reshma beams proudly. 'Everyone has received my videos with so much love and appreciation, there is nothing more I could ask for. It has given me a lot of strength to carry on my life with my head held high.'
Reshma's make-up tutorial on how to get perfect red lips has been viewed more than 1.8 million times on YouTube. The video was made by ad agency Ogilvy & Mather for Make Love Not Scars (MLNS).
Earlier this year, the powerful 67-second video won a Gold Lion in the prestigious Film category at Cannes. It has also won a Glass Lion for Change for the important message it conveys – the urgent need to make strong acids unavailable to everyday people.
The #EndAcidSale campaign has been signed by over 300,000 people from across the world.
'We need to come together and end acid attacks once and for all,' says founder Ria. 'There are better and safer methods to clean your homes and it is time to let our government know that we will no longer accept easy sale of acid.'
The memorandum to the Government of India points out that in spite of guidelines from the Supreme Court and an advisory issued by the Central government to restrict the sale and storage of acids, they continue to be easily available.
The petition highlights that current laws provide only a fine in case of non-compliance, and that there is a need to bring in provisions for imprisonment as well. The petition also demands that the use of acids for toilet-cleaning be banned completely.
Reshma is quite stunned about all that's transpired since the attacks. 'I could never imagine that I would become the face of such an impactful campaign,' she says. 'I never thought that so many people would identify with my problems and show so much support.
'I was very happy and proud that it was nominated at such a prestigious award ceremony. I could not go to Cannes, but everyone sent me pictures and videos from there.
'I watched everything sitting in India and was immensely happy and proud for the kind of recognition the campaign received internationally.
'It will always be an experience that I'll cherish,' says Reshma. 'The campaign gave me means to put across my heartfelt appeal to stop the sale of acid – a cause that is very close to my heart.
'So when I saw that all the efforts we all put in were being rewarded in such a big way it felt really good.
'This campaign gave me the confidence to shed my inhibitions and face the world, and my attempt having been received so wonderfully will only leave an everlasting impact on me and my journey.' Reshma's journey got a fillip when she was chosen as the model for the campaign taking centrestage at the prestigious New York Fashion Week.
'I was completely dumbfounded,' she said before the show. 'I had no words, only tears of surprise and joy.
'I am very excited. I have never been abroad, so for me to be walking the ramp at such a big event, it's unbelievable.'
Critically acclaimed show producers FTL Moda invited Reshma to be part of its campaign #IAmNYFW, which aims to increase diversity in fashion. Ilaria Niccolini, FTL MODA's founder and producer, says: 'I strongly believe that the fashion and entertainment industries are the most powerful communication tools. For this reason billboards, or stages, or screens, or prints have the opportunity to convey a strong message.
'Here we have Reshma, her journey, her images, her beauty at work on the stage of one of the most followed events in the world, New York Fashion Week.
'This season I wanted to have Reshma because the plague of abuse of acid to attack women, so largely adopted in India and Pakistan, is devastating.
'We strongly believe that we can make a difference showing a strong and impactful endorsement of an industry that represents the third-most powerful communication vehicle after politics and religion: fashion-entertainment.'
But Reshma is not letting the fame and glamorous lifestyle get in the way of her values and ideals.
Her goals for the future? 'I definitely want to finish my studies. In future, I want to help this cause; I want to make a difference in the lives of the people who have been attacked with acid.
'I want to fight for their justice and ensure no life is destroyed because of this heinous crime.'
Says Ria: 'No one should ever have to go through what my survivors go through. You can't do anything bad enough to deserve it. An acid attack is the worst sort of crime you can inflict on another human being and I urge people to help.'
Reshma has fought back incredibly from her horrendous ordeal and vows to use her own suffering to improve the plight of fellow victims as she awaits further gruelling hours of surgery to help reconstruct her injured face.
'Prior to the attack, I used to keep to myself,' she says. 'I was very shy and demure. I did not have much confidence.
'But after the attack I have become more open to my family and the world.
'I am no longer shy of who I am and what I have to offer, I want my story and my journey to be shared with anyone and everyone who has gone through a tough time and is giving up hope.
'I just want to tell everyone that in the face of hardships you should never surrender. You will always find the grace and strength to come out of it. Just never give up on the precious life that has been bestowed upon you.
'If anyone is in trouble, always see them through it. I hope what has happened to me never happens to anyone else. I've seen a lot of girls living like me.
'My advice to everyone is, live! Those who are beautiful see the world in a beautiful way.'


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Employers have a legal obligation to ensure managers and supervisors are "competent". This one-day due diligence course provides managers and supervisors with practical knowledge to identify, assess and control hazards, and effectively implement their organization's OHS management system. Bill C-45 and the legal duty under the Criminal Code will also be addressed. A number of current cases are reviewed allowing attendees to learn from actual legal decisions.
This course is designed by Norm Keith, B.A., J.D., LL.M., CRSP, a leading regulatory, employment and white collar defence lawyer and author of Canadian Health & Safety Law, and his team of OHS Consultants at Fasken Martineau. The course focuses on:
The session will include short case studies, from real life situations in the industry, taught by lawyers and Consultants from Canada's leading OHS practice at Fasken Martineau, a leading business and litigation firm.
This course meets the requirements of Ontario's Regulation O. Reg. 297/13 "Basic OHS Awareness Training for Supervisors", which came into effect on July 1, 2014.
Note: The hours from this non-accredited seminar may be applied towards the 9 Substantive Hours of annual Continuing Professional Development (CPD) required by the Law Society of Upper Canada for Ongoing Members. Please note that this seminar is not accredited for Professionalism Hours and cannot be counted for New Members or for Professionalism Hours for Ongoing Members.
Managers, supervisors, OHS professionals, in-house legal counsel, human resources and operations managers.
This is an in-person seminar.
The cost of this seminar is $295 plus HST per registrant.
For more information:Cassandra Patrick +1 416 943 8976 firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
SCAC Meetings Still on Thursday, 2nd Thursday of Month
Submitted by jrgose on Tue, 04/14/2015 - 12:15
Good News.
We still meet on Thursdays and at the same location in the Harvey West Park "Scout House". The door locks have not changed. In the future, you will be asked to vote on changing what evening of the week you would like to meet, so we can change accomidation support at Harvey West Park "Scout House or Club House" on other side of the same building we meet for club meetings. Idea is club would pay a little more to have chairs and tables and projection screen already setup for us, so less setup time and more speaker or informal meeting time. Please help spread the word we need to vote on this before the next contract signing in a few months.
- jrgose's blog
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text:
Real essentialism
The following study is an exercise in traditional metaphysics. By 'traditional' I mean, somewhat tendentiously, to qualify that method of thinking and those doctrines which, despite occasional interludes and conflicting interpretations, embodied the prevalent school of philosophy for nearly two thousand years.
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Are you interested in real estate finance? Financing real estate is essential for most buyers; this is true for both residential and commercial properties. While the price of property can fluctuate most simply do not have the capital on hand to purchase in whole, or they do not want to make that large an investment all at once. Financing lets individuals and companies purchase property while spreading payment out over the long term.
513p daisy15 17-08-2010 251 168 Download
Tip 10: Go Beyond The Real World Một trong những kỹ thuật tạo ấn tượng cho người xem là làm cho màu sắc "rực rỡ" hơn mắt thường cảm nhận (surreal). Khi mà màu sắc trở nên "vibrant" và "vivid" thì dễ "bắt mắt" người xem hơn.
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Essentials of supply chain management is written especially for two groups of readers. It is written for the senior executive who must decide what kind of supply chain their organization needs and how much to spend to get it. It is also written for the manager who is or soon will be responsible for building and operating some part of his/her company's supply chain. The concepts and techniques presented here serve to create a common frame of reference that both senior executives and line managers can use when communicating with each other about supply chain management issues.
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This text was originally written as a reduced-essential version of a larger text entitled Practical Real Estate Law by Daniel F. Hinkel. Practical Real Estate Law covered every aspect of a modern real estate practice. That text, because of its detail and comprehensive coverage, totaled more than 600 pages, and some instructors teaching courses designed for six- to ten-week terms had found it difficult to complete Practical Real Estate Law. The students who were attending the shorter courses suggested that the text be shortened and that some detail be deleted.
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With its clear and engaging writing style, ESSENTIALS OF ECONOMICS, Sixth Edition, continues to be one of the most popular books on economics available today. Mankiw emphasizes material that you are likely to find interesting about the economy (particularly if you are studying economics for the first time), including real-life scenarios, useful facts, and the many ways economic concepts play a role in the decisions you make every day.
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AutoCAD Civil 3D 2014 Essentials offers expert instruction and real-world, hands-on exercises to teach you how to use AutoCAD Civil 3D. As you design a residential subdivision from start to finish, you'll learn core tools and workflows to build a solid foundation in the software, allowing you to quickly use Civil 3D productively. The book features new, multi-viewport example drawings to promote 3D design as well as an entire new chapter dedicated to pressure pipe design.
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.Oracle ADF Real World Developer's Guide Mastering essential tips and tricks for building next generation enterprise applications with Oracle ADF Jobinesh Purushothaman Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information
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Splunk is a data collection, indexing and visualization engine for operational intelligence. It's a powerful and versatile search and analysis engine that lets you investigate, troubleshoot, monitor, alert, and report on everything that's happening in your entire IT infrastructure from one location in real time. Splunk collects, indexes and harnesses all the fast moving machine data generated by our applications, servers, and devices - physical, virtual and in the cloud.
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Away3D is one of the most popular real-time 3D engines for Flash. Besides creating various detailed 3D environments you can also create animated 3D scenes, use various special effects, integrate third-party libraries, and much more. The possibilities of using this engine are endless. But will you be able take full advantage of all these features and make a 3D application that is picture perfect?. This is the best book for guiding you through Away3D, and the possibilities it opens up for the Flash platform.
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The relationship between ináation and interest rates has also been conÖrmed by numerous studies. We can summarise the results obtained in four points. The Örst is that in the long run, this relationship is nonlinear. For example, Evans and Lewis (1995) represent the ináation dynamics with a Markov process to take into account some episodic changes.
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Essential System Administration,3rd Edition is the definitive guide for Unix system administration, covering all the fundamental and essential tasks required to run such divergent Unix systems as AIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, Tru64 and more. Essential System Administration provides a clear, concise, practical guide to the real-world issues that anyone responsible for a Unix system faces daily.
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Medical devices are essential to the provision of quality reproductive health (RH) services. Rational selection of medical devices is a crucial component in ensuring improved access to reproductive health commodities, followed by efficient procurement, logistical systems, rational use and demand which are equally important.
52p thankinhphanliet 21-12-2012 27 4 Download
Nowadays, Agile application development is usually done at a fast pace when many developers are working on the same piece of code. Every so often, this becomes a real challenge if there's no permanent control over consistency of the project source. It is often impossible to force lazy and/or busy programmers to execute tests before and after each of their commits. Continuous Integration is a well-known life saver for distributed development environments with TeamCity being one of the best and easy-to-use instruments utilizing it. ...
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Because I've been the product manager of Adobe Illustrator, people frequently approach me who, prior to attending a demo or workshop on Illustrator, either thought they had no need for the program or were under the impression it is used only for designing logos. The truth is, Illustrator is essential to a broad range of professionals and hobbyists, and it has an incredible number of uses—so many that it's hard to defi ne exactly what Illustrator does.
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Addison Wesley Pub Date : September 12, 2002 Table of Contents ISBN : 0-201-48518-4 Pages : 416 "Readers can pick up this book and become familiar with C++ in a short time. Stan has taken a very broad and complicated topic and reduced it to the essentials that budding C++ programmers need to know to write real programs. His case study is effective and provides a familiar thread throughout the book." -Steve Vinoski, IONA For the practicing programmer with little time to spare, Essential C++ offers a fast-track to learning and working with C++ on the job. This book is specifically...
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text:
Cursed Hair Trailer (2006)
01 January 2006 87 mins
Cursed Hair" tells about the production of a reality program in a mystery house that makes all participants and crew members experience unexplainable frights. The ex-owner was a lady who has a weird craving for hair. As days pass by, her craving for hair worsens, now she craves the flesh of the scalp. Her intolerable husband decides to kill her and follow by commiting suicide. However, after her death, her soul is still in the house. After realizing the truth, everyone wants to get out of this house, but how many of them can escape alive?
Watch the official Cursed Hair 2006 trailer in HD below or find more Cursed Hair videos on Vidimovie.


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Ritchie Helmsman Series Compass
The iBoats Experience
Boats for SaleBrowse thousands of constantly-updated listings and search by location, brand, and boat type See more...
AdviceConnect with our expansive community and tap into the knowledge base of the most dedicated boaters around. See more...
Shop ProductsBrowse and search for hundreds of thousands of boat parts, accessories, and supplies to suit your every need.
With the Ritchie Helmsman Series Compass, you don't have to worry about getting lost in middle of the deep blue. This compass features a large dial that accurately displays the directions. Plus, this navigator features an integrated Green NiteVu illumination for convenient reading even in dim lighting conditions. It has 45 degree lubber lines and integrated compensators for easy deviation adjustment.
- Features PowerDamp Flat Dial/CombiDamp Dial
- Integrated Green NiteVu illumination
- Easy to install
The compass features a composite construction to withstand heavy temperature and for long-lasting use. Carefully matched sapphire jewel and strong steel pivot dial make this compass an attractive addition to your boat. It is 100% repairable and has 5 years manufacturer warranty.
Features of Ritchie Helmsman Series Compass:
- Features CombiDamp Dial/PowerDamp Flat Dial
- Available in choice of colors – white/black
- Easy to install
- Special integrated dual 12 Volt NiteVu light for great visibility in nights
- Integrated compensators allow easy compass deviation adjustment
- Carefully matched sapphire jewel
- Strong steel pivot dial movement
- Powerful Directive Force Magnets allow for quick heading lock-on
- Adjustable sun shield
- 45 degree lubber lines
- Composite construction withstands high temperature
- 100% repairable
- 5-year warranty
Manf. Part # HF-742
- Dial type: 3 3/4" PowerDamp Flat Dial
- Color: Black
- Mounting hole size: 4" (10.16 cm)
Manf. Part # HF-742W
- Dial type: 3 3/4" PowerDamp Flat Dial
- Color: White
- Mounting hole size: 4" (10.16 cm)
- Includes adapter ring
Manf. Part # HF-743
- Dial type: 3 3/4" CombiDamp Dial
- Color: Black
- Mounting hole size: 4" (10.16 cm)
Manf. Part # HF-743W
- Dial type: 3 3/4" CombiDamp Dial
- Color: White
- Mounting hole size: 4" (10.16 cm)
Please be careful when ordering this product, it has limitations that differ from our General 30-day Return Policy. After all, we want you to be satisfied with your order so you'll return again and again as an iboats.com customer, and to also recommend us to your boating friends
- Electronics/Software/Videos
- Electronics/Software/Videos are not returnable. Please be careful when ordering to choose the correct product.


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Ornamental-Metal Worker
Set up and operate machines to fabricate ornamental metal products.
Tends battery of machines that make scoop impressions on roll of wire: Mounts roll of wire on spindle, threads wire end through machine and around spindle, and starts machine. Examines processed wire with microscope and micrometer to verify that impressions are aligned and pitched to specifications. Notifies supervisor of machine malfunctioning. Splices together ends of wire when breaks occur.


text:
There are three divisions. Regardless of experience or ability, everyone plays!
|PeeWee Ball
|4 yrs old
|5-6 yrs old
|Junior Baseball*
|7-8 yrs old
Ages are determined as of March 1st in the year the season is played.
* Junior Baseball is Coach-Pitch
Baseball registration runs from about mid-October through February. Applications will be accepted online, or by mail UNTIL EACH DIVISION IS FULL. You may mail in your completed application with a check or money order payable to WCYAA to P.O. Box 4281, Walnut Creek, California 94596. To receive off-line applications, please call (925) 933-4884.
Fee assistance is available. To receive a fee assistance application form, call (925) 933-4884.
The season begins in late February and ends in mid-May. Games are played on Saturdays. For exact dates for the current season, please see our Baseball PDF.
WCYAA will supply a uniform (cap and jersey) which shall be worn during all games. Players can keep their caps and jerseys.
Coaches will be advised to practice no more than two times per week. The sites and times will be selected by the individual coaches.
Teams will be formed with an emphasis on age and area of residence. The overall intent is to make the league as balanced as possible.
Requested placements will be limited to the children of the Head Coach, designated Assistant Coach and Team Sponsor. There are no team or practice time guarantees of any kind.
All players receive an award at the end of the season.
All games will be played on Saturdays at Heather Farms Park (on the diamond) in Walnut Creek.
Businesses and Individuals are needed to sponsor teams. Team sponsor fees start at $295. See our Sponsors page for details or become a sponsor here. Sponsors receive a team photo/appreciation plaque and recognition in WCYAA publications and website.