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Here we have it, no less than seventeen long years since the last Killer Instinct game graced consoles everywhere, the series is back to usher in a new console generation and is promoted as one of Xbox One's great exclusives. In actuality what is currently available is a half finished product with some amazing underlying fighting mechanics that could blossom into an amazing game in the future.
Let's start with the first question on everyone's mind with all the next gen games; how good does it look? Overall the presentation of the game is great from the unique character models to the excellent stages they fight on. The game look fantastic when two high level players are battling it out, trading combos back and forth with particle effects and beautiful shadow moves filling the screen with the game never dropping below a silky smooth 60fps. The sound design arguably outdoes the graphics though. Each stage has a unique score that fits the mood of the level perfectly and the music is dynamic, reacting to the on screen action. Add to this the iconic, eccentric announcer and what you have is a package that is presented superbly and a great showpiece for the new platform.
Killer Instinct is equally outstanding when it comes down to the mechanics of its brawling. It is one of the most fast paced fighting games available due to its unique rhythmic back and forth action of long combo after long combo. Anyone familiar with previous entries in the series will be familiar with the terms 'opener, auto, linker and ender' but in case you are new here is a run down of a standard Killer Instinct combo; a special move opener that starts the combo is followed by a double auto by pressing any regular attack button, then comes another special move to act as a linker, followed by another auto and then finished with a combo ender by executing a heavy special attack.
Where things get interesting though is when breakers come into play. At any point during a combo, the player on the receiving end can attempt to break the combo by matching the input of the attacking player and effectively guessing whether the attacking player is going to try for a light, medium or heavy special attack. There is a risk attached to this though, attempt a breaker at the wrong time or guess the incorrect input the player becomes 'locked out', meaning they will be unable to attempt any further breakers from three seconds and will take extra damage in the meantime. On top of this, a high level player can second guess the defender and counter the combo breaker, leading to a counter breaker and the defender being locked out for four seconds. Moreover, each character can also use shadow moves (ex versions of the specials) and each also has a unique instinct mode and flashy ultra combo finisher.
Speaking of the characters, there are only six to choose from at launch, which is a very thin line up when compared with the other big hitters such as Marvel vs. Capcom 3, Street Fighter 4 and the rest. Thankfully though, the roster is varied enough so that every fighting game archetype is covered, meaning most players should find someone to fall in love with. Sabrewulf is the rushdown character, Glacius is the zoner, Thunder the grappler, Sadira the aerial and finally Jago and Orchid round of the roster acting as the 'well-rounded' characters. As touched upon above, each character also has a unique Instinct mode, which acts as a comeback mechanic of sorts for fighters on the losing end. Fear not however, this is not as game changing as either Marvel vs. Capcom 3's or Street Fighter x Tekken's comebacks, it is simply an extra buff that can help in some scenarios. Each needs to be carefully timed and executed to make the most of it.
If all of this seems a tad overwhelming, then fear not. Killer Instinct includes one of the most comprehensive tutorial modes of any fighting game. The Dojo mode will not only take you through the ins-and-outs of its game mechanics but also lessons that can be applied to fighting games as a whole and areas that other games have never ventured such as how to utilise frame data and how to punish whiffs and unsafe attacks. Each lesson, although sometimes frustrating, is in there for a reason and will turn a nobody into an online worthy challenger given enough dedication. It is one of the games best features and the only downside to this mode at the moment is all the lessons use Jago as the player character, meaning you will be a whizz with him and know all of his combos, but still need to practice with the others if you want to be a varied player.
Technically, Killer Instinct is a free-to-play title with the whole game available from the Xbox store at no charge with access to one rotating character (currently Jago). However for players who would rather spend some cash there are other additional options:
Individual Characters £3.99- Like a specific character but don't want the whole roster? Then this is your go to option.
The Combo Breaker Pack £15.99- The gives you access to all six characters from launch and the two remaining season one DLC characters (Spinal and Fulgore) as they become available.
The Ultra Edition Pack £31.99- All of the above, plus all costumes and accessories for all characters and access to Killer Instinct Classic, the original game, as a download.
The upside of this model is that everyone can access the game for free before they decide if they want to commit to a full purchase. For players just starting out or who just want to show off their shiny new console I would recommend starting with the free edition. For fighting game enthusiasts I would encourage you to try the combo breaker edition. Personally I struggle to justify double the price for a few costumes (which can be earned in game anyway) and a glorified Xbox Live Arcade Game and I would only recommend the Ultra Edition for serious fans of the series. However this business model is not without its flaws.
The main of these is that the game as a whole feels like an unfinished product in its current state. The underlying fighting mechanics are excellent but everything else just feels a bit barebones at the moment. The limited roster has already been touched upon and unfortunately this carries over into the available modes. For offline players, other than the aforementioned Dojo mode, there is only a free practice mode, one on one battles against the CPU or a local player or a survival mode where you battle infinite opponents until you either lose or get bored. Developer Double Helix has promised a story/arcade mode will be added alongside the release of the last season one character Fulgore (expected about March 2014). However the fear is that by that point most casual players will have given up on the title.
Online things do not fare much better with only the usual ranked and player matches available alongside a basic leaderboard system to show where you stand. However, when you head online it is an absolute joy to play based on the fact that Killer Instinct has some of the best netcode in any fighting game. Having played over 50 matches online I never encountered any lag or slowdown and it leads to a much fairer game than some of it rivals. I still lose a lot, but at least now I know I lost because the other player was better than me, not because I got screwed over by my connection.
Overall then, Killer Instinct is a bit of a mixed bag at the moment. The game is an absolute blast to play, particularly online, and its robust Dojo mode shows you everything you need to know to make the most of the game. However, as it stands currently, there is not much of a game to make the most of. It has the potential to blossom into a truly amazing game given that Double Helix give it the care and attention it deserves, but as I write this today what is one offer is limited at best. Once the story mode and whatever else they choose to add get released then it may be a much more substantial package but the worry is by that point that most players will have given up. Do Killer Instinct a favour, don't give up on it. It won't give up on you.
© 2013 – 2014, www.zero1gaming.com. All rights reserved. On republishing this article your must provide a link to this original post
Michael Dalgleish
Michael is a Harrogate based, predominantly console gamer on both Playstation 4 and Xbox One that has been writing for Zero1Gaming since 2012. Purveyor and lover of all things indie, when he is not playing the latest downloadable titles you will usually find him immersed in a myriad of other genres from RPG's to FPS's and other three letter abbreviations. Feel free to add him Xbox at Dowgle or Playstation at Juxta-Dowgle or search Michael Dalgleish on Facebook or LinkedIn.
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GONZALES —The City Council decided Monday to wait before calling a "grave public emergency" regarding a dilapidated dwelling just blocks from City Hall.
Jerry Self, a city building official, told the council that a recent inspection of a house at 115 S. Alexander Ave. showed "rot and decay throughout the structure."
In addition, he said, there were exposed electrical wires, no running water and feces on the floor — despite two occupants living at the house at the time of the inspection.
Self recommended that the house be condemned and demolished. However, City Attorney Ryland Percy said he was concerned the city was moving too quickly.
The house is owned by the estate of Andrew L. Marchal and Cecile C. Marchal, and the city sent notices about Monday's meeting to the estate and to the house, which no longer is occupied as of last week.
Percy recommended that the city hire an attorney to track down family members and the rightful owners of the property, and make sure they are part of the condemnation process.
Councilman Kenny Matassa said the property "looks like a crack house," while Self said that with the exception of a few broken windows, the house has been secured "as well as it can be right now."
Mayor Barney Arceneaux recommended that the city hire Gonzales lawyer Dwight Poirrier to seek out the family, and then set a hearing about the demolition of the house.
The council unanimously approved Arceneaux's suggestion.
Other items discussed during the meeting included:
LA. 30 STUDY: City officials are waiting to hear back from the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development regarding possible roundabouts on La. 30 near Interstate 10.
City engineer Jackie Baumann said a "team of experts" at DOTD is reviewing a traffic study completed last year that looked into the feasibility of replacing three traffic signals on La. 30 near I-10 with four roundabouts. The study looked into how many vehicles use the road and if roundabouts are the best method of controlling traffic in the corridor.
FEMA REIMBURSEMENT: Finance Director Clay Stafford said the Federal Emergency Management Agency approved the reimbursement of more than $167,000 to the city for expenses incurred during Hurricane Isaac. The city was reimbursed 75 percent of its expenses for emergency protective measures and cleanup efforts undertaken during the storm, Stafford said.
The council introduced an ordinance placing the funds into the 2012-13 budget, and a final vote will be taken at the next council meeting on March 18.

subset: commoncrawl


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I am 5'2, 112 pounds, 48 y/o. I have had three children and am very athletic. I had a breast lift 20 years ago.I currently wear a size 34 b to 34c bra but I do not "fill up" the top of the bra. I have lost volume in my breasts and sagging. I am told I dont need another lift due to my nipple placement just implants and this will lift my breasts. i am petite and want to look athletic but told by two md's that i need at least 425cc silicone to fill my skin where volume is lost. I want to look athletic. Wont this be too large for what I want?
I Am 5'2, 112lbs, Age 48, With Three Children. Currently A Small 34b/c, Won't 425cc Silicone Be Too Large For Me?
Doctor Answers 2
Implant Sizing?
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Thank you for your question! It is hard to tell without a physical examination of your body. You may need another breast lift and a implant to achieve the lost volume in your breasts. Best of luck!Dr Dhaval PatelDouble Board Certified Plastic SurgeonChicago Hoffman EstatesOak Brook
Suitable implant size for frame
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Taking into consideration your current breast size, anatomy, and the shape you are looking to achieve, I would recommend a possible breast lift in addition to augmentation. The breast lift procedure would remove some excess skin, lift the breasts, as well as give you a nice shape without being too full or heavy. Implant sizes in the 300cc range should be the most suitable for you.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- Placing bets on telecom stocks requires faith that carrier spending will rebound. But this is precisely what industry experts believe happen -- to what extent remains to be seen.However, because the entire sector reached such depressed levels in 2012 there's a prevailing notion that, well... how much worse can 2013 be? This year if the sector recovers only 1/3 of its 2012 losses, investors would do very well. Here are a couple of names to keep an eye on. Ciena ( CIEN) I'm going to lead off with Ciena. The stock is currently trading at $16 but in 2012 it was all over the map. I've always wanted to like Ciena but the company has not been able to escape its rut -- at least not to the extent that I would like. Also, recent earnings didn't exactly woo investors over much cheaper rivals. For the period ending in October, Ciena reported a non-GAAP loss of 7 cents per share on revenue of $465.5 million. The company missed on both the top and bottom lines as Street estimates called for a loss of 6 cents on revenue of $468.3 million. Although revenue dropped almost 2%, it was encouraging that sales advanced 2% year over year. On a GAAP basis, the company lost $38.8 million, or 39 cents per share. The company's main challenge continues to be profitability. Adjusted gross margin was 42.7%, worse than 43.2% logged a year ago. Then again, it was a 3% improvement from the third quarter. The outlook remained somewhat cautious. Management offered revenue estimates ranging from $435 to $460 million, in line with analysts' expectations. But is that enough to place a bet on the stock today? However, on a relative basis they are pretty consistent with the guidance provided by rivals Cisco ( CSCO) and Juniper ( JNPR). I like the stock at these levels. If Ciena can show it can innovate and leverage its existing technological advantage to fight off pricing pressure, the stock should reach $20 by the summer. Also, the company has to show investors that its increase in R&D expenses have not been in vain.
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Research Topics
Genomes and Genes
Summary: A thick-rooted perennial (Cichorium intybus) native to Europe but widely grown for its young leaves used as salad greens and for its roots, dried and ground-roasted, used to flavor or adulterate coffee. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Top Publications
Scientific Experts
Detail Information
Publications220 found, 100 shown here
- Sesquiterpene lactones in a hairy root culture of Cichorium intybusJanusz Malarz
Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna Street 12, 31 343 Krakow, Poland
Z Naturforsch C 57:994-7. 2002..The yield of 8-desoxylactucin reached 0.03 g l(-1) at the early stationary phase of the culture...
- The ybiT gene of Erwinia chrysanthemi codes for a putative ABC transporter and is involved in competitiveness against endophytic bacteria during infectionArancha Llama-Palacios
Departamento de Biotecnología UPM, E T S Ingenieros Agronomos, E 28040 Madrid, Spain
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:1624-30. 2002..A ybiT mutant (BT117) was constructed by marker exchange. It retained full virulence in potato tubers and chicory leaves, but it showed reduced ability to compete in planta against the wild-type strain or against selected ..
- Antimalarial activity of lactucin and lactucopicrin: sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Cichorium intybus LTheodore A Bischoff
Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
J Ethnopharmacol 95:455-7. 2004..Preparative isolation and bioassay against HB3 clone of strain Honduras-1 of Plasmodium falciparum identified the previously known light-sensitive sesquiterpene lactones Lactucin and Lactucopicrin to be antimalarial compounds...
- Antibacterial activity of Cichorium intybusJ Petrovic
Faculty of Science, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro
Fitoterapia 75:737-9. 2004..All the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity, the ethyl acetate extract being the most active. Water extract inhibits Agrobacterium radiobacter sp. tumefaciens, Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa...
- Dietary fructooligosaccharides alter the cultivable faecal population of rats but do not stimulate the growth of intestinal bifidobacteriaC Gourgue-Jeannot
Bureau of Nutritional Research, Food Directorate, Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Can J Microbiol 52:924-33. 2006..Culturing of faecal material using chicory inulin as the sole carbohydrate source revealed the presence of a greater diversity of inulin-utilizing bacterial ..
- Validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis in chicory (Cichorium intybus) using quantitative real-time PCRAsad Maroufi
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Gent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
BMC Mol Biol 11:15. 2010..Thus far, only actin-2 has been used as a reference gene for qRT-PCR in chicory, and a full comparison of several candidate reference genes in chicory has not yet been reported.
- Comparative analysis of NBS domain sequences of NBS-LRR disease resistance genes from sunflower, lettuce, and chicoryAlex Plocik
Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 3393, USA
Mol Phylogenet Evol 31:153-63. 2004..from the family Asteraceae: Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), and Cichorium intybus (chicory)...
- Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamine precursors-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male ratsHanaa A Hassan
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Food Chem Toxicol 48:2163-9. 2010The current study was carried out to elucidate the modulating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamnine-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in male rats...
- Analgesic and sedative activities of lactucin and some lactucin-like guaianolides in miceA Wesołowska
Department of New Drugs Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str, 31 343 Krakow, Poland
J Ethnopharmacol 107:254-8. 2006..Lactucopicrin appeared to be the most potent analgetic of the three tested compounds. Lactucin and lactucopicrin, but not 11beta,13-dihydrolactucin, also showed sedative properties in the spontaneous locomotor activity test...
- Gastrointestinal tolerance of chicory inulin productsAngela L Bonnema
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota St Paul, MN 55103, USA
J Am Diet Assoc 110:865-8. 2010..The use of inulin in foods as a fiber source has increased recently. Consumption of inulin products can cause gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Acceptable intakes of inulin need to be determined...
- Anti- and pro-oxidant activity of water soluble compounds in Cichorium intybus var. silvestre (Treviso red chicory)Adele Papetti
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
J Pharm Biomed Anal 30:939-45. 2002..silvestre was investigated. This vegetable is domestically known as Treviso red chicory recalling its cultivation in the area of Treviso (Italy)...
- Chicory extracts from Cichorium intybus L. as potential antifungalsD Mares
Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, University of Ferrara, C so Porta Mare 2, I 44100, Ferrara, Italy
Mycopathologia 160:85-91. 2005..This behaviour is discussed on the basis of the presence in the chicory extract of the two main sesquiterpene lactones, 8-deoxylactucin and 11 beta,13-dihydrolactucin.
- Evaluation of the phenolic content in the aerial parts of different varieties of Cichorium intybus LMarzia Innocenti
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F no, Florence, Italy
J Agric Food Chem 53:6497-502. 2005Fresh aerial parts of different chicory varieties: green chicory (c.v...
- Characterisation of two cold induced dehydrin genes from Cichorium intybus LDominique Mingeot
Biotechnology Department, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques, Chaussée de Charleroi 234, Gembloux, Belgium
Mol Biol Rep 36:1995-2001. 2009..They were among the most abundant sequences obtained from 10 cDNA libraries constructed from chicory roots grown under field conditions...
- N-glycosylation affects substrate specificity of chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase: evidence for the presence of an inulin binding cleftKatrien Le Roy
K U Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
New Phytol 176:317-24. 2007Recently, the three-dimensional structure of chicory (Cichorium intybus) fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH IIa) in complex with its preferential substrate, 1-kestose, was determined...
- Polyphenol content and antioxidative activity in some species of freshly consumed saladsDaniela Heimler
Dipartimento di Scienza del Suolo e Nutrizione della Pianta, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, P le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
J Agric Food Chem 55:1724-9. 2007..intybus cultivar exhibited the highest polyphenol content, while a wild C. intybus genotype exhibited the highest antiradical activity. In every case, the characteristics of the different salads as functional foods have been pointed out...
- Increased amount of Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum and Megasphaera elsdenii in the colonic microbiota of pigs fed a swine dysentery preventive diet containing chicory roots and sweet lupineL Mølbak
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
J Appl Microbiol 103:1853-67. 2007..The study focussed especially on Bifidobacterial species by using a noncultureable approach...
- Dissecting the regulation of fructan metabolism in chicory (Cichorium intybus) hairy rootsUte Kusch
HIP, Heidelberg University, INF 360, Heidelberg D 69120, Germany
New Phytol 184:127-40. 2009..Here, we have explored chicory (Cichorium intybus) hairy root cultures (HRCs) to study the regulation of fructan metabolism in sink tissues in ..
- The temporal development in a hybridizing population of wild and cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)B S Sørensen
Biosystems Department, Risø National Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Mol Ecol 16:3292-8. 2007..In conclusion, all results indicate that no barriers exist to the temporal persistence of chicory hybrids in a natural environment.
- Chicory inulin does not increase stool weight or speed up intestinal transit time in healthy male subjectsJoanne Slavin
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
Food Funct 2:72-7. 2011..We examined the effect of a 20 g day(-1) supplement of chicory inulin on stool weight, intestinal transit time, stool frequency and consistency, selected intestinal ..
- Caffeoylquinic acid-rich extract from chicory seeds improves glycemia, atherogenic index, and antioxidant status in ratsAdam Jurgoński
Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
Nutrition 28:300-6. 2012..diet supplemented with rutin, a phenolic compound with well-recognized bioavailability and bioactivity, and a chicory (Cichorium intybus L...
- Inclusion of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in pigs' diets affects the intestinal microenvironment and the gut microbiotaHaoyu Liu
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Appl Environ Microbiol 78:4102-9. 2012..This study investigated the effects of the dietary inclusion of chicory forage and roots on the intestinal microenvironment of pigs...
- Identification of novel genes potentially involved in somatic embryogenesis in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)Anca Lucau-Danila
UMR USTL INRA 1281, Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux cultivés, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique SN2, F 59650 Villeneuve d Ascq, France
BMC Plant Biol 10:122. 2010In our laboratory we use cultured chicory (Cichorium intybus) explants as a model to investigate cell reactivation and somatic embryogenesis and have produced 2 chicory genotypes (K59, C15) sharing a similar genetic background...
- Lettuce and chicory byproducts as a source of antioxidant phenolic extractsRafael Llorach
Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS CSIC, P O Box 4195, Murcia 30080, Spain
J Agric Food Chem 52:5109-16. 2004..Methanol extraction yielded a raw extract with a high phenolic content, the baby and chicory extracts being the richest with approximately 50 mg of phenolics/g of freeze-dried extract...
- Effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (Cichorium intybus) on parasitism and performance of lambsA Kidane
Animal Health, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland
J Anim Sci 88:1513-21. 2010..their 24-d-old twin lambs were used to assess the effects of maternal protein nutrition and subsequent grazing on chicory (Cichorium intybus) on performance and parasitism...
- Sucrose assimilation during early developmental stages of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) plantsN Druart
, , France
Planta 212:436-43. 2001The activities of enzymes of both sucrose and fructan metabolism were measured in chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Turbo) plants during early vegetative growth...
- Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives occurring in Cichorium endivia vegetablesAdele Papetti
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia, Italy
J Pharm Biomed Anal 48:472-6. 2008..The combined approach enabled identification of four hydroxycinnamic derivatives in each chicory extract; three derivatives (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid) ..
- Comparison of native or reformulated chicory fructans, or non-purified chicory, on rat cecal fermentation and mineral metabolismChristian Demigne
UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre Clermont Ferrand Theix, 63122, St Genes Champanelle, France
Eur J Nutr 47:366-74. 2008b>Chicory inulin has been identified as an effective prebiotic to promote active fermentation and lactobacilli proliferation in the large intestine, and to enhance calcium (Ca) digestive absorption and deposition in bones...
- Antioxidant activity of minimally processed red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) evaluated in xanthine oxidase-, myeloperoxidase-, and diaphorase-catalyzed reactionsVera Lavelli
DISTAM, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
J Agric Food Chem 56:7194-200. 2008Minimally processed red chicory products (Cichorium intybus L. var...
- Antioxidant properties of Mediterranean food plant extracts: geographical differencesS Schaffer
Institute of Pharmacology ZAFES, Biocenter Niederursel, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
J Physiol Pharmacol 56:115-24. 2005....
- The effects of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) when compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) on ovine gastrointestinal parasite development, survival and migrationC L Marley
Institute of Rural Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3AL, UK
Vet Parasitol 138:280-90. 2006Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of birdsfoot trefoil and chicory on parasitic nematode development, survival and migration when compared with perennial ryegrass...
- Biosynthesis of costunolide, dihydrocostunolide, and leucodin. Demonstration of cytochrome p450-catalyzed formation of the lactone ring present in sesquiterpene lactones of chicoryJan Willem de Kraker
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
Plant Physiol 129:257-68. 2002b>Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is known to contain guaianolides, eudesmanolides, and germacranolides. These sesquiterpene lactones are postulated to originate from a common germacranolide, namely (+)-costunolide...
- Jerusalem artichoke and chicory inulin in bakery products affect faecal microbiota of healthy volunteersBrigitta Kleessen
Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, D 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Br J Nutr 98:540-9. 2007A study was conducted to test the effects of Jerusalem artichoke inulin (JA) or chicory inulin (CH) in snack bars on composition of faecal microbiota, concentration of faecal SCFA, bowel habit and gastrointestinal symptoms...
- The effect of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) on parasite intensities and performance of lambs naturally infected with helminth parasitesC L Marley
Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3AL, UK
Vet Parasitol 112:147-55. 2003..it was found that under UK environmental conditions lambs with naturally acquired helminth infections grazing chicory (Cichorium intybus) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) had fewer helminth parasites than sheep grazing ..
- Influencing the binding configuration of sucrose in the active sites of chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase and sugar beet fructan 6-exohydrolaseKatrien Le Roy
K U Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Box 2434, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
New Phytol 178:572-80. 2008..It is demonstrated for the first time that invertase activity can be introduced in an S101L mutant of chicory (Cichorium intybus) 1-FEH IIa by influencing the orientation of Trp 82...
- A chicory cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase CYP71AV8 for the oxidation of (+)-valenceneKatarina Cankar
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
FEBS Lett 585:178-82. 2011b>Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), which is known to have a variety of terpene-hydroxylating activities, was screened for a P450 mono-oxygenase to convert (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone...
- Fructan biosynthetic and breakdown enzymes in dicots evolved from different invertases. Expression of fructan genes throughout chicory developmentWim Van den Ende
Department of Biology, Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Botany Institute, KULeuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
ScientificWorldJournal 2:1281-95. 2002..progress has now succeeded in elucidating the biochemistry and molecular biology of fructan biodegradation in chicory, an economically important species used for commercial inulin extraction...
- Biosynthesis of germacrene A carboxylic acid in chicory roots. Demonstration of a cytochrome P450 (+)-germacrene a hydroxylase and NADP+-dependent sesquiterpenoid dehydrogenase(s) involved in sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesisJ W de Kraker
Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Plant Physiol 125:1930-40. 2001Sprouts of chicory (Cichorium intybus), a vegetable grown in the dark, have a slightly bitter taste associated with the presence of guaianolides, eudesmanolides, and germacranolides...
- Tumour inhibitory activity of chicory root extract against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in miceB Hazra
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta 700 032, India
Fitoterapia 73:730-3. 2002The tumour-inhibitory effect of an ethanolic extract of chicory root was studied against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice; significant results were obtained at doses from 300 to 700 mg/kg.
- Red chicories as potent scavengers of highly reactive radicals: a study on their phenolic composition and peroxyl radical trapping capacity and efficiencyMonica Rossetto
Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Universita di Padova, Via G Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
J Agric Food Chem 53:8169-75. 2005....
- Defoliation induces fructan 1-exohydrolase II in Witloof chicory roots. Cloning and purification of two isoforms, fructan 1-exohydrolase IIa and fructan 1-exohydrolase IIb. Mass fingerprint of the fructan 1-exohydrolase II enzymesW Van den Ende
Department of Biology, Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Botany Institute, K U Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Plant Physiol 126:1186-95. 2001The cloning of two highly homologous chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum cv Flash) fructan 1-exohydrolase cDNAs (1-FEH IIa and 1-FEH IIb) is described...
- Expression analysis of a chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase gene reveals complex regulation by coldAn Michiels
Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
J Exp Bot 55:1325-33. 2004..Characterization of the FEHIIa promoter may provide tools to study cold-induced expression and to increase freezing tolerance in agricultural crops...
- Induction of 1-FEH in mature chicory roots appears to be related to low temperatures rather than to leaf damageW Van den Ende
Department of Biology, Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Botany Institute, KULeuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
ScientificWorldJournal 2:1750-61. 2002Large-scale inulin production from chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L...
- Prebiotic effects of chicory inulin in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystemTom Van de Wiele
Laboratory Microbial Ecology and Technology LabMET, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B 9000 Gent, Belgium
FEMS Microbiol Ecol 51:143-53. 2004The prebiotic potential of native chicory inulin was assessed in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) by monitoring microbial community from the colon compartments, its metabolic activity and community ..
- Properties of fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferases from chicory and globe thistle, two Asteracean plants storing greatly different types of inulinRudy Vergauwen
K U Leuven, Laboratory for Developmental Biology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Plant Physiol 133:391-401. 2003..Echinops ritro) store fructans with a considerably higher degree of polymerization than the one observed in chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)...
- Gastrointestinal and immunological responses of senior dogs to chicory and mannan-oligosaccharidesChristine M Grieshop
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
Arch Anim Nutr 58:483-93. 2004..Dogs were randomly allotted to treatments [1% chicory (CH), 1% mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), 1% chicory + 1% MOS (CM), or no supplementation (control, CON)] in a ..
- Construction of 12 EST libraries and characterization of a 12,226 EST dataset for chicory (Cichorium intybus) root, leaves and nodules in the context of carbohydrate metabolism investigationNicolas Dauchot
Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire Végétale, Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de Paix Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
BMC Plant Biol 9:14. 2009The industrial chicory, Cichorium intybus, is a member of the Asteraceae family that accumulates fructan of the inulin type in its root...
- Polymeric surfactants based on inulin, a polysaccharide extracted from chicory. 1. Synthesis and interfacial propertiesC V Stevens
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Biomacromolecules 2:1256-9. 2001Inulin, the polydisperse reserve polysaccharide from chicory, has been modified by carbamoylation in organic solvents...
- Characterization of expressed sequence tags obtained by SSH during somatic embryogenesis in Cichorium intybus LSylvain Legrand
UMR USTL, INRA 1281 Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés, Universite de Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d Ascq, France
BMC Plant Biol 7:27. 2007..In chicory, genetic variability with respect to the formation of somatic embryos was detected between plants from a ..
- The use of chicory for parasite control in organic ewes and their lambsS Athanasiadou
Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
Parasitology 134:299-307. 2007..The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential benefits of grazing lactating ewes and their lambs on chicory (Cichorium intybus)...
- Cloning and functional analysis of chicory root fructan1-exohydrolase I (1-FEH I): a vacuolar enzyme derivedfrom a cell-wall invertase ancestor? Mass fingerprint of the 1-FEH I enzymeW Van den Ende
K U Leuven, Department of Biology, Botany Institute, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Plant J 24:447-56. 2000This paper describes the cloning and functional analysis of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) fructan 1-exohydrolase I cDNA (1-FEH I). To our knowledge it is the first plant FEH cloned...
- Insights into the fine architecture of the active site of chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase: 1-kestose as substrate vs sucrose as inhibitorMaureen Verhaest
Laboratorium voor Biokristallografie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O and N II, bus 822, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
New Phytol 174:90-100. 2007..Here we report on complexes between chicory (Cichorium intybus) 1-FEH IIa with the substrate 1-kestose and the inhibitors sucrose, fructose and 2,5 dideoxy-2,..
- Dietary chicory inulin increases whole-body bone mineral density in growing male ratsMarcel B Roberfroid
Universite Catholique de Louvain, B 1348 Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
J Nutr 132:3599-602. 2002b>Chicory inulin is a natural linear fructan that is not digested in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract but is fermented in the cecocolon...
- Growth, fructan yield, and quality of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as related to photosynthetic capacity, harvest time, and water regimeAndrea Monti
Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technologies, University of Bologna, Viale G Fanin 44 46, I 40127, Bologna, Italy
J Exp Bot 56:1389-95. 2005..At present, fructans are mostly supplied by chicory, which is only grown and processed in The Netherlands, France, and Belgium...
- Inhibition of the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 by chicory extractC Cavin
Quality and Safety Department, Nestle Research Center, P O Box 44, Vers chez les Blanc, CH 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 327:742-9. 2005b>Chicory is a major source of fructans with reported prebiotic-bifidogenic properties. In the present study, the potential anti-inflammatory activities of chicory were investigated...
- Toxicological evaluation of a chicory root extractBarbara M Schmidt
Biotech Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 8520, USA
Food Chem Toxicol 45:1131-9. 2007..sub-chronic toxicity study in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were conducted to evaluate the safety of a chicory root extract being investigated as a therapeutic for inflammation...
- A glutathione S-transferase cDNA identified by mRNA differential display is upregulated during somatic embryogenesis in CichoriumR Galland
, , , , 59655 Cedex, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
Biochim Biophys Acta 1522:212-6. 2001CHI-GST1, a cDNA encoding a glutathione S-transferase, was isolated by differential display in leaf tissues of chicory, during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis...
- Isolation and characterization of two germacrene A synthase cDNA clones from chicoryHarro J Bouwmeester
Plant Research International, Business Unit Cell Cybernetics, P O Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Plant Physiol 129:134-44. 2002b>Chicory (Cichorium intybus) sesquiterpene lactones were recently shown to be derived from a common sesquiterpene intermediate, (+)-germacrene A...
- In vivo effect of dried chicory root (Cichorium intybus L.) on xenobiotica metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes in porcine liverMartin Krøyer Rasmussen
Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
Toxicol Lett 200:88-91. 2011..In porcine liver, CYP1A2, 2A and 2E1 are important for the metabolism of skatole. Feeding chicory roots to pigs is known to decrease the skatole concentration in plasma and fat...
- Inulin-type fructans of longer degree of polymerization exert more pronounced in vitro prebiotic effectsT Van De Wiele
Laboratory Microbial Ecology and Technology LabMET, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
J Appl Microbiol 102:452-60. 2007..We assessed to what extent fructans of different degrees of polymerization (DP) differ in their prebiotic effectiveness towards in vitro microbial communities from the proximal and distal colon...
- Effect of chicory products with different inulin content on rat caecum physiologyJ Juskiewicz
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 90:200-7. 2006..of physiological properties of model casein diets supplemented with 5% cellulose or different preparations of chicory roots: flour, pulp, high- and low-molecular inulin (IN(HM) and IN(LM) respectively)...
- The role of several multidrug resistance systems in Erwinia chrysanthemi pathogenesisAlfredo Maggiorani Valecillos
Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, E T S Ingenieros Agronomos, Avda Complutense s n, E 28040 Madrid, Spain
Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19:607-13. 2006..These results indicate that the function of these systems in plants could be related to the specificity to extrude a toxic compound that is present in a given host...
- Application of the in combo screening approach for the discovery of non-alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Cichorium intybusJ M Rollinger
Institute of Pharmacy Pharmacognosy, Josef Moeller Haus, Innrain 52c, Austria
Curr Drug Discov Technol 2:185-93. 2005..extract screening of Tyrolean plants using an enzyme assay with Ellman's reagent, the dichloromethane extract of chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on AChE...
- [The effect of cichorium root extract on the morphofunctional state of liver in rats with carbon tetrachloride induced hepatitis model]S G Krylova
Eksp Klin Farmakol 69:34-6. 2006....
- Metabolic response of the gastrointestinal tract and serum parameters of rabbits to diets containing chicory flour rich in inulinJ Juskiewicz
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 92:113-20. 2008..carried out on 54-day-old rabbits addressed the analysis of physiological properties of diets supplemented with chicory roots flour...
- Biomass allocation is an important determinant of the tannin concentration in growing plantsD A Haring
Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon, Research Station ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
Ann Bot 99:111-20. 2007....
- Efflux pump gene expression in Erwinia chrysanthemi is induced by exposure to phenolic acidsRamani S Ravirala
Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, UA
Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20:313-20. 2007..This ability of plant-pathogenic bacteria to co-opt plant defense-signaling molecules to activate multidrug efflux pumps may have evolved to ensure bacterial survival in susceptible host plants...
- How chicory fructans contribute to zootechnical performance and well-being in livestock and companion animalsJan van Loo
Orafti, B3300 Tienen, Belgium
J Nutr 137:2594S-2597S. 2007..Animals in general seem not to be able to hydrolyze beta-glycoside bonds, such as the chicory inulin beta(2-1) bond...
- Effects of the ethanol extract of Cichorium intybus on the immunotoxicity by ethanol in miceJoung Hoon Kim
Department of Newly Developed Drugs, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, South Korea
Int Immunopharmacol 2:733-44. 2002..These findings indicate that the immunotoxicity induced by EtOH is significantly restored or prevented by CIEE treatment...
- Erwinia chrysanthemi tolC is involved in resistance to antimicrobial plant chemicals and is essential for phytopathogenesisRavi D Barabote
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
J Bacteriol 185:5772-8. 2003..These results suggest that by conferring resistance to the antimicrobial compounds produced by plants, the E. chrysanthemi tolC plays an important role in the survival and colonization of the pathogen in plant tissue...
- Low metal bioavailability in a contaminated urban siteYing Ge
Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
Environ Toxicol Chem 21:954-61. 2002..Three field-collected plant species (dandelion, bladder campion, and chicory) varied in their tendency to accumulate metals in either their leaves or roots...
- Tol-Pal proteins are critical cell envelope components of Erwinia chrysanthemi affecting cell morphology and virulenceJean Francois Dubuisson
Unité de Microbiologie et Génétique, UMR 5122 CNRS INSA UCBL, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, bât André Lwoff, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Microbiology 151:3337-47. 2005..Moreover, tol-pal mutants showed a reduced virulence in a potato tuber model and on chicory leaves...
- Utilization of chicory roots for microbial endoinulinase productionJ P Park
Department of Biotechnology, Taegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk 712-714, Korea
Lett Appl Microbiol 33:183-7. 2001AIMS: The optimal culture conditions for endoinulinase production using chicory roots were studied in shake-flask culture. METHODS AND RESULTS: Much higher enzyme production was achieved with Xanthomonas sp...
- Relative effects on virulence of mutations in the sap, pel, and hrp loci of Erwinia chrysanthemiE López-Solanilla
Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, ETS Ingenieros Agronomos, Ciudad Universitaria, Spain
Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:386-93. 2001..The relative effects on virulence of those mutations have been analyzed on potato tubers and chicory leaves...
- Excretion of major odor-causing and acidifying compounds in response to dietary supplementation of chicory inulin in growing pigsT C Rideout
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
J Anim Sci 82:1678-84. 2004The excretion of major odor-causing and acidifying compounds in response to dietary supplementation of chicory inulin extract was investigated with six Yorkshire barrows, with an average initial BW of 30 kg, according to a balanced two-..
- Role of the PhoP-PhoQ system in the virulence of Erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937: involvement in sensitivity to plant antimicrobial peptides, survival at acid Hh, and regulation of pectolytic enzymesArancha Llama-Palacios
Departamento de Biotechnología UPM, ETS Ingenieros Agronomos, Madrid, Spain
J Bacteriol 187:2157-62. 2005..These results suggest that the PhoP-PhoQ system plays a role in the virulence of this bacterium in plant tissues, although it does not contribute to bacterial growth at acid pH...
- Effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on intestinal absorption of calcium and magnesium and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal womenLeah Holloway
Clinical Studies Unit and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
Br J Nutr 97:365-72. 2007..The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that treatment with a spray-dried mixture of chicory oligofructose and long-chain inulin (Synergy1; SYN1) would increase the absorption of both Ca and Mg and alter ..
- Toxicological profile of carboxymethyl inulinF R Johannsen
Environmental, Safety and Health, Solutia, Inc, 575 Maryville Centre Drive, St Louis, MO 63141, USA
Food Chem Toxicol 41:49-59. 2003Carboxymethylinulin (CMI), formed by carboxylation of a natural carbohydrate obtained from the chicory plant, is particularly effective in sequestration of hard water cations, and thus serves as a unique anti-scalant which could find ..
- Enrichment of higher molecular weight fractions in inulinFrank T Moerman
Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, K U Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
J Agric Food Chem 52:3780-3. 2004..crystallization from aqueous solution, and precipitation from solvent/water mixtures were used to enrich native chicory and dahlia inulin in the higher molecular weight fractions...
- Effect of cold stress on early vigour, photosynthesis, chlorophyll A fluorescence and pigment content of industrial chicoryS Devacht
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research ILVO, Plant Burg Van Gansberghelaan 109 box 1, BE 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 72:165-9. 2007
- Effects of condensed tannins and crude sesquiterpene lactones extracted from chicory on the motility of larvae of deer lungworm and gastrointestinal nematodesAbdul L Molan
AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Parasitol Int 52:209-18. 2003..determine the effects of condensed tannins (CT) and an extract containing crude sesquiterpene lactones (CSL) from chicory (Cichorium intybus) on the motility of the first-(L1) and third-stage (L3) larvae of deer lungworm Dictyocaulus ..
- Pseudomonads associated with midrib rot and soft rot of butterhead lettuce and endiveB Cottyn
Department of Crop Protection, Agricultural Research Centre Burg Van Gansberghelaan 96, BE 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 70:101-9. 2005..morphology and fluorescence on pseudomonas agar F medium, oxidase reaction, and soft rot ability on detached chicory leaves...
- cDNA-AFLP display for the isolation of differentially expressed genes during chicory root developmentPascale Goupil
Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, F 59655 Villeneuve d Ascq, France
J Plant Physiol 160:303-9. 2003To identify genes expressed during root enlargment during the early vegetative growth of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), we used the cDNA-AFLP technology...
- Use of a Plackett-Burman experimental design to examine the impact of extraction parameters on yields and compositions of pectins extracted from chicory roots (Chicorium intybus L.)Christelle Robert
Faculte Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Unité de Chimie biologique industrielle, Passage des Déportés 2, B 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
J Agric Food Chem 54:7167-74. 2006b>Chicory root pectin was isolated by acid extraction followed by alcohol precipitation...
- Polymorphism and modulation of cell wall esterase enzyme activities in the chicory root during the growing seasonCécile Thonar
Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire Végétale, Facultes Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B 5000 Namur, Belgium
J Exp Bot 57:81-9. 2006..Proteins extracted by NaCl treatment from root cell walls of two chicory varieties (Cichorium intybus L. cv...
- Effects of anthracene on development of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and contribution of the symbiotic association to pollutant dissipationA Verdin
Laboratoire de Mycologie Phytopathologie Environnement, Universite du Littoral Cote d Opale, Calais, France
Mycorrhiza 16:397-405. 2006The influence of anthracene, a low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), on chicory root colonization by Glomus intraradices and the effect of the root colonization on PAH degradation were investigated in vitro...
- Influence of harvest date on the yield and quality of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)Isabelle M François
Laboratorium voor Plantenteelt, De Croylaan 42, BE 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 71:145-9. 2006
- RNA interference (RNAI) as a tool to engineer high nutritional value in chicory (Chicorium intybus)M Asad
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University Coupure Links 653, BE 9000 Gent, Belgium
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 71:75-8. 2006The major component of chicory (Chicorium intybus) root is inulin, which is a polymer of fructose. Inulin production from chicory is hampered by the enzyme fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) that degrades inulin and limits its yield...
- [Studies on chemical constituents of root of Cichorium intybus]Yi He
National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, China
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 27:209-10. 2002..To study the chemical constituents in the root of Cichorium intybus...
- Cloning and functional analysis of a high DP fructan:fructan 1-fructosyl transferase from Echinops ritro (Asteraceae): comparison of the native and recombinant enzymesWim Van den Ende
KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B 3001 Leuven, Belgium
J Exp Bot 57:775-89. 2006..scolymus), and Viguiera discolor biosynthesize fructans with a considerably higher DP than Cichorium intybus (chicory), Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), and Dahlia variabilis...
- The effects of different plant extracts on nematodesSven Klimpel
Biodiversity and Climate Change Center BiK F, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
Parasitol Res 108:1047-54. 2011..The plants used were bulbs of onions, garlic, chives, coconut, birch tree, ananas, cistrose, banana, chicory, date palm fruit, fig, pumpkin, and neem tree seeds...
- Dietary effects on bifidobacteria and Clostridium perfringens in the canine intestinal tractJ Zentek
Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 87:397-407. 2003..Two extruded, dry diets, one supplemented with 3% chicory (1...
- Testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheepS Athanasiadou
Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JG, UK
Vet Parasitol 127:233-43. 2005..Lotus pedunculatus (lotus), Hedysarium coronarium (sulla), Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Cichorium intybus (chicory) and Lolium perenne/Trifolium repens (grass/clover)...
- The effects of different plant extracts on intestinal cestodes and on trematodesFathy Abdel-Ghaffar
Department of Zoology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Parasitol Res 108:979-84. 2011..polyethylene glycol/propylene carbonate) PEG/PC extracts were made from coconut, onion, garlic, fig, date tree, chicory, ananas, and cistrose...
- Introducing inulin-type fructansMarcel B Roberfroid
Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
Br J Nutr 93:S13-25. 2005Inulin is a generic term to cover all beta(2-->1) linear fructans. Chicory inulin is a linear beta(2-->1) fructan (degree of polymerisation (DP) 2 to 60; DPav=12), its partial enzymatic hydrolysis product is oligofructose (DP 2 to ..
- Performance and dietary preferences of white-tailed deer grazing chicory, birdsfoot trefoil or alfalfa in north central AlbertaG A Chapman
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 93:794-801. 2009..visitation of white-tailed deer grazing alfalfa (Medicago sativa), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) or chicory (Cichorium intybus) in north central Alberta, Canada...
- Analysis of carbohydrates by anion exchange chromatography and mass spectrometryCees Bruggink
Dionex B V, Lange Bunder 5, 4854 MB Bavel, The Netherlands
J Chromatogr A 1085:104-9. 2005..The applicability of the method was demonstrated analysing carbohydrates in real world samples such as chicory inulin where polyfructans up to a molecular mass of 7000 g/mol were detected as quadrupoly charged lithium ..
- The consequences of short-term grazing of bioactive forages on established adult and incoming larvae populations of Teladorsagia circumcincta in lambsO Tzamaloukas
Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
Int J Parasitol 35:329-35. 2005..On day 21 p.i., lambs were allocated to one of three bioactive forage grazing treatments; chicory (Cichorium intybus), sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), lotus (Lotus pedunculatus), and the control grass/clover (..
- Sensory and microbiological quality of yogurt drinks with prebiotics and probioticsL C Allgeyer
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
J Dairy Sci 93:4471-9. 2010..Three selected prebiotics, soluble corn fiber, polydextrose, and chicory inulin, were each present individually at an amount to claim an excellent source of fiber (5 g of fiber/serving) ..
- In vitro analysis of the anthelmintic activity of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) sesquiterpene lactones against a predominantly Haemonchus contortus egg populationJoyce G Foster
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, WV 25813 9423, USA
Vet Parasitol 180:298-306. 2011The anthelmintic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) herbage has been attributed to sesquiterpene lactones...
- Effect of plant species on the larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes which parasitise sheepJ H Niezen
AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Int J Parasitol 28:791-803. 1998..four contaminations in each of 2 years on plots of browntop, Yorkshire fog, ryegrass, tall fescue, lucerne, chicory, cocksfoot, white clover, and prairie grass and in the second year a mixed sward of ryegrass/white clover...


text:
Friday, March 16, 2012 | 12:55 p.m.
Map of Forum Shops
Forum Shops
3500 Las Vegas Blvd. South, Las Vegas
It's 7:45 a.m. Friday at the Forum Shops at Caesars. The shopping center is dimly lit and quiet – almost every store is closed.
The lone exception is the Apple Store, where cheering and hollering is coming from employees dressed in matching blue T-shirts and greeting the 75 or so customers who have been waiting patiently in line.
Those in the crowd are waiting for the chance to be among the first to buy the new iPad, Apple's third installment of its popular electronic tablet. The new iPad goes on sale at 8 a.m.
Some of those in line have their old iPads in hand. Most are scrolling on their iPhone while they wait their turn to enter the store. The first few people in line have been waiting since 4 a.m. The scene Friday morning at the three Apple Stores in Las Vegas was relatively calm compared to reports out of New York, where lines began forming Monday and stretched around blocks.
Once the store at the Forum Shops opened, Las Vegas resident Maria Hernandez waited next to the line with her daughter, Jazzlyn. Inside the store was Maria Hernandez's husband, who was buying the couple's second iPad.
In Jazzlyn's hands is the Hernandezes' iPad 2. On it, Jazzlyn zips through apps and finds puzzles to solve. Maria Hernandez said Jazzlyn, who is just shy of 2 years old, was why the family was investing in a new iPad.
"We got (the iPad 2) just for us but she started learning how to do it, so she hogs it up all the time," Maria Hernandez said. "Now we're going to get the third one for us."
Bernardo Romo, visiting from Brooklyn, N.Y., also said his child prompted his waiting in line Friday morning.
"I wanted to make sure I got one," said Romo, who uses an iPhone and is an iPad 2 owner. "My son is going to go stay with his grandma for a week and we wanted to be able to have face time with him, and he loves it."
The new Apple tablet touts an eye-catching display, a 5-megapixel camera and offers 4G Internet connection, as opposed to Wi-Fi only access on earlier versions of the iPad.
The new iPads are available in black or white, 16, 32 or 64 gigabytes and start at $499. For 4G access, the price increases by $130. The iPad 2 has been reduced to $399.
"Once you've used an iPhone 4 and you use the old iPad, it looks quite pixilated by comparison," said David Williams who is visiting from London. "It's really worth waiting for this one."
Williams, who owns a variety of Apple products, said he was not convinced to buy an iPad until the new one was announced.
"Having a iPhone and a Mac Book Air, which is very small and light anyways, the product fits somewhere in between," Williams said. "I never really felt that I desperately needed (an iPad) but now it's very compelling with all the features and the new screen."
While the hype for the new iPad may not be as energized as for previous models and iPhone releases, customers still showed enthusiasm by snapping cell-phone photos of their new buy and high-fiving Apple employees on their way out the store.
At Fashion Show Mall, Chicago native Leroy Fennell said he was leaving the Apple Store happy that he could get his hands on a new iPad so quickly.
"Usually they sell out immediately, but it really wasn't that bad," said Fennell. "I wouldn't have been able to get it (in Chicago.)"
Robert Kemple, AT&T's Las Vegas area retail sales manager, said Thursday he was expecting a good crowd for the new iPad. AT&T is an authorized Apple retailer.
"A recent survey said half of small-business owners will buy an iPad this year," said Kemple. "Forty percent already have them."
Kemple said data plans for the iPad were in demand at AT&T's 14 retail locations in the valley.
Christina Kwan, founder of Kwan International Marketing firm and an Android user, said she was impressed by the iPad when, on a shuttle bus, a man showed her his entire work presentation before they got to the next stop.
She bought the iPad 2 just one day before the new iPad was announced and returned it immediately to get the latest version.
"I use it for business. In marketing we have to be at the forefront of technology. When we're doing business we can whip it out and show a presentation within a few seconds," said Kwan. "Today it's about getting smaller and more efficient."


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(based on 1 review)
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Very nice
By Kay
from Natchez, MS
About Me Enthusiast
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Comments about Jewelry Pouch - Bloomin':
Was planning on giving as gifts to "readers' and "bridesmaids at my daughter's wedding with a "jewelry gift" inside.....THE ONLY PROBLEM I HAD WITH YOUR COMPANY IS: when I placed the order it was for "many" pouches....You sent 3 I think with a note inside saying the rest were on backorder! This was not good. I should have been told this from the very start of placing the order as the wedding "happened" BEFORE I was to receive the remainder of my order....We wanted each girl to receive the same "pouch" to present her gift in. I ordered on-line. You could have sent an e-mail back to let me know of the "delay-backorder" BEFORE I received the few I did. I would have NEVER PLACED that order if knowing then NOT ALL GIRLS WOULD HAVE THE SAME POUCH! I just gave the "readers" the few pouches I received. I will probably now have to RETURN the backorder one.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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I FEEL a bit buckled, actually, after yesterday's stage.
It was hot and it was tough, but our plan worked again.
From the beginning of the Unley-Stirling Stage 3 we just let a lot of riders go and we rode within ourselves.
The race came back and a small group ticked off the front.
But our team-mate Bernhard Eisel was just riding all day. He's like a little Energiser bunny.
At one point we were asked "who's chasing?" and like we said "just Bernie".
It was such a hot day and everyone was in the same boat.
Geraint (G) Thomas is still leading, which is perfect.
He finished fourth on the stage and that's good for us.
But the plan worked perfectly, another day in the lead and we couldn't be happier. The whole team, all day, worked so well.
Everyone all day was getting bidons, ice and everyone chipped in big time.
It was a massive team effort and hopefully we gave Mathew Hayman and Geraint an easy enough ride because we had Hayman looking after G. We saved Edvald Boasson Hagen there as well right until the end.
We back Geraint 110 per cent and it's a real team sport, it's not an individual sport
But everyone yesterday had a good day and Luke Rowe had a longer day. He came in a little later.
Last night we planned on re-hydrating for most of the evening because riding in 38C can take a lot out of you.
We needed to get some protein in, get some rice and carbs. Hydration is the key because we're going to have to back up today.
Some people ask "how do you do it?".
But we do this day in, day out and we're all here for G. We back G 110 per cent and it's a real team sport, it's not an individual sport.
Everyone has to remember that.
It's not like we ask "so why did you sacrifice riders?".
It's not like that we sacrifice everyone for the entire race. When we go to war we want to battle for each other.
That mentality has paid off.
We wanted to relax last night and have a bit of fun.
We don't look at the stages too far ahead and I just sort of look at today's stage (Modbury-Tanunda) this morning.
But with these guys there's not a word to describe this team on how dedicated they are and how committed they are.
There's not one guy that doesn't deserve to be here. But last night was all about enjoying the moment.
We told a few "knock, knock" jokes and a few blonde jokes (I hope the blondes don't get offended) and they're pretty funny.
We had a glass of wine with the food.
We had a laugh, we've got the lead, we'll defend it. That's all you can ask.
We don't see it as a lot of pressure.
I love what I do and I'll never take anything for granted ever again after I had a nagging back injury last year.
Originally published as Team ethic is paying off in TDU


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The Complete History Of Metroid
Nintendo hasn't always waved the 'family fun' flag as vehemently as it does today. Indeed, upon its release, Metroid stood out from the kid-friendly titles of the mid-Eighties. Nintendo's push into the children's market only really began later with the introduction of the Super Nintendo, which we suspect had a lot to do with the fact that Sega was grooming the Mega Drive to appeal more to adult gamers.
In varying capacities and over several console wars, Nintendo clearly strove to uphold the family-based image it had carved for itself, but when it chose to dip its toes in 'adult' gaming waters, with Metroid, Nintendo proved it could do so with aplomb.
The Metroid saga begins in 1965 when, shortly after completing his degree in electronics at the Doshisha University in Kyoto, Japan, a young Gunpei Yokoi joined Nintendo. After a period dabbling with playing cards and electronic toys, Nintendo set its sights on the coin-op market and made Yokoi instrumental in spearheading that transition. While his name became synonymous with Nintendo's most successful hardware creations, including Game & Watch, Nintendo Famicom, Game Boy, and the company's most high-profile failure the Virtual Boy, the Nintendo technician in those fledgling years also oversaw some of Nintendo's earliest Famicom and coin-op titles, and Metroid is one of his most popular creations.
The game surfaced on Nintendo's Japan-only Famicom Disk System on 6 August 1986. The external disk drive that connected to the machine's cartridge slot ran off three-inch floppy diskettes. At the time of Metroid's release, the new-fangled add-on was struggling to strike a chord with Famicom owners, but with the extra storage capacity the disks offered, Nintendo knew it had the means to create two epic adventure games for its machine and hopefully turn the system's fortunes around. First up to bat was The Legend Of Zelda, and second was Metroid six months later.
At that time, it was fair to assume Nintendo didn't have a hard or fast plan for how best to market Famicom or its Western counterpart the NES. It would have been foolish to release only cute, kiddie titles on the machine and alienate potential older gamers so early in the console's life, and with games such as Casino Kid, Mad Max, Friday The 13th, Nightmare On Elm Street and Sweet Home appearing on the system, Nintendo fully understood this. Only with retrospect can we appreciate Metroid as a unique Nintendo game.
Still, in terms of gameplay and design it was trailblazing, ambitious, and, like its floppy stable-mate Zelda, offered console owners the then-unprecedented opportunity to explore the wonders of open-world environments.
Perhaps the reason Metroid shares none of the chirpiness so piquant in later Nintendo titles is that Shigeru Miyamoto, the brainchild behind much of Nintendo's more childlike characters – including Donkey Kong, Mario and Yoshi – had no involvement in its creation. Arguably, his only contribution to the original Metroid was the hiring of designer Yoshio Sakamoto, who worked alongside Yokoi as director of the game. That, and Miyamoto's signature design style of course.
It's rumoured Sakamoto was looking to make a name for himself at Nintendo and felt the best way to do so was to create games that were unique and atypical of those being made by Miyamoto and his team Entertainment Analysis and Development (EAD). So, with the help of Yokoi, composer Hirokazu 'Hip' Tanaka, character and scenario designer Makoto Kanoh, and Hiroji Kiyotake, who is credited with designing Samus Aran, Sakamoto set about making a game in strong contrast to Miyamoto's style.
When breaking down Metroid's theme, it's clear from where the game drew inspiration. As fans know, Ridley Scott's sci-fi classic Alien played a big part in the look and style of Metroid. The game's grotesque alien designs look amazingly similar to HR Giger's classic creatures, and the levels share the bleak isolated appearance of the film sets. Moreover, the game's protagonist, Samus Aran, is a strong female central lead, much like Sigourney Weaver's character, Ripley, in the film.
The revelation that Samus was female shocked fans in 1986. Placed in context, however, it was a first for a home videogame series, and a revelation that was only revealed if the player escaped the self-destruct sequence within a strict time limit following the final confrontation with Mother Brain. The game even throws up a red herring by referring to Samus as a he in the game manual, although discrepancies between videogames and their instruction manuals are commonplace, so little can be read into that. As you can imagine, few people discovered the gender bender, only learning the truth five years later with the release of Metroid II on Game Boy.
Given its Alien-inspired story and look, Metroid became a huge hit in the West despite the US cartridge version being slightly inferior to its Eastern counterpart. Whereas the disk version featured an internal save game function enabling fans to effortlessly save their progress, Nintendo decided not to include a battery in the US cartridges and so the poor gamers in America and Europe were left to use an archaic password system instead.
However, as fans quickly discovered, despite the initial inconvenience of fumbling with pen and password, the save system actually brought with it its own benefits and led to one of the most famous videogame cheats of all time. When inputted, the fabled 'Justin Bailey' password code enabled players to start the game with an entirely different-looking Samus: de-suited and complete with moss-green hair (though the games depict her as a blonde), a bright pink leotard and armed to the back teeth with power ups.
However, as the internal makeup between the Famicom and NES differ slightly – NES being the lesser of the two machines, with fewer peripherals, region lockout and substandard sound output – Tanaka's wonderful atmospheric score suffered slightly in the US translation.
In terms of story, Metroid is far darker than any other Nintendo series. Metroid follows the tale of an orphaned bounty hunter known as Samus Aran, who, throughout most of the games, is concealed inside red-and-gold armour known as the Power Suit. In her first appearance in the original Famicom title, her skinny limbs, large spaceship-like head and ability to roll into a ball almost gave her the look and feel of a robotic bipedal insect – light years away from the pretty young woman hidden within.
In later games we discover that the suit is the creation of a peaceful bird-like alien species called the Chozo who helped raise Samus after her parents were killed by pterodactyl creature, and leader of the space pirates, Ridley. Now a bounty hunter, Samus has devoted her life to the enslaving of space pirates and the destruction of the energy-sapping parasites known as Metroids.
While Metroid feels a little primitive by today's standards, when returning to the game you'll recognise the strong formula for which the series is now renowned. A template of multi-faceted gunplay, wonderful adventure and platforming gameplay, and a gripping narrative have helped the series endure for over 20 years and gain a passionate legion of Nintendo fans.
And that's not all: the Metroid gameplay has since gone on to inspire the direction of many other popular videogame franchises – most notably Castlevania. The classic 1997 PlayStation title Castlevania: Symphony Of The Night spawned the portmanteau 'Metroidvania' as an umbrella term for all the Castlevania titles that adhere to Metroid-style gameplay.
Fans had all but forgotten Metroid by the time Nintendo finally released a Game Boy sequel five years later. And although Metroid II: Return Of Samus did garner numerous plaudits and critical acclaim, the public seemed less enamoured with Samus's portable outing.
As well as appearing on a new console, Metroid II was also developed by a new dev team: Hiroyuki Kimura and original character designer Hiroji Kiyotake both took to the director's chair. It's rumoured that at this time Yoshio Sakamoto chose to take a back seat from the series while he focused his attention on bringing together the right team and story for Samus's Super Nintendo debut.
But back to Metroid II. The story this time centres on Samus travelling to the Metroid home planet SR-388 to defeat the Metroid Queen. In terms of gameplay – probably in order to suit the attributes and technical limitations of Game Boy – Metroid II is far more linear, which many fans found difficult to accept. The game features hardly any exploration, Samus's goal being to simply hunt and eradicate a preset number of Metroids in order to progress.
Augmenting the game's emphasis on action, Samus herself is bestowed with a bevy of new weaponry, and, when in her 'ball' state, gains wall-crawling abilities. Also, to compensate for Game Boy's black-and-white display, the Samus Varia Suit was also rethought slightly. At certain points during the game, Samus needs to switch between two different suits, so her Varia Suit had to be made distinguishable by design and not colour. This explains the oversized shoulders, a now-iconic look for the suit and Samus herself following the popularity of the Prime trilogy. The monochrome issue is also why Samus's arm cannon changes shape whenever she switches between its various fire functions.
Although it wasn't as commercially successful as Nintendo had hoped, and despite its linear approach to gameplay, Metroid II is now considered by fans as a great handheld debut for the franchise, and a tasty appetiser to what many would consider the pinnacle of the series: the aptly titled Super Metroid.
Released for SNES in 1994, Super Metroid proved another hit for Nintendo and its new 16-bit machine. With the directorial reins handed back over to Sakamoto, and the fantastic story that delves a little more into Samus's tragic past, not to mention the impressive grunt of the new console, meant the stage was set for a return to form for the series.
Following on directly from the events of Metroid II, Super Metroid followed Samus's mission to hunt down her arch-nemesis Ridley, who has fled the newly rebuilt planet Zebes with the last remaining Metroid. Super Metroid's gameplay recalled the labyrinthine caverns and open-world gameplay of the original, only decorated with lavish colour palettes, detailed sprite work, and some extremely smooth SNES animation.
Once again the series placed its emphasis on exploration, only this time inside screens teeming with secrets and hidden rooms to explore. And like Metroid II, far more consideration was given over to Samus's weapons and suit abilities through various upgrades, which not only played a part of the gunplay, but also in the puzzle solving. And to round everything off nicely, Nintendo also introduced a roster of memorable villains for Samus to face as well as a return for the screen-smothering Mother Brain and Ridley.
Featuring on the box art, Ridley is a character Sakamoto was hoping Metroid fans would most embrace, pulling out all the stops to make him integral to the story. At the start of the game, Samus arrives on Zebes, where she discovers Ridley has broken into the research facility, killed all the scientists, and stolen the last remaining Metroid, which, at the finale of Metroid II, she decided to save and mother – yet more Alien plot similarities.
When Samus finally confronts Ridley at the base, after a quick fight he flees the facility with the Metroid in tow, leaving Samus mere minutes to escape before the entire place explodes. It's an epic and memorable lead into the game and remains an iconic SNES moment.
With an estimated 2 million copies sold worldwide, Super Metroid was unlike anything else on SNES, and with Nintendo riding high on a wave of success after the likes of Super Mario World, F-Zero, Pilotwings and A Link To The Past, SNES owners were eagerly waiting to snap up the next title to come charging from the publisher's stable.
Looking like no other Nintendo game of its time served the game well as it stood out from the crowd, and when the positive magazine reviews started flooding in and word spread of its brilliance, the series' popularity skyrocketed. But once again Metroid fans were forced to wait patiently before Samus resurfaced.
It still amazes many fans that Metroid never got a Nintendo 64 release. After all, Mario, Star Fox, and even Pilotwings enjoyed 64-bit sequels, so why not Metroid? Perhaps the reasons lie with the hazy internal goings-on at Nintendo at the time. Following the commercial failure of Virtual Boy, Gunpei Yokoi resigned from Nintendo and started up his own company, Koto Laboratory, before his tragic death in a road accident in 1997.
With no leader at the helm of R&D1, it's possible the Metroid series was put on a long hiatus while Miyamoto and Nintendo focused on their new console and also decided what to do with the Metroid franchise. Supporting this idea is Nintendo's decision to hand the series over to American developer Retro Studios, a brave move that could have proved devastating for Metroid.
Fans were concerned upon hearing that Metroid was going 3D, skipping a console war, and being handled by an external studio in the US. However, their fears were allayed when they learned that Sakamoto would be joined by Miyamoto in what marked his first direct involvement in the series. Despite being a colossal eight years in the making, the eventual game that came from this partnership was another glorious high for the series.
Although it shirked numerous deadlines and was rumoured to have had a catalogue of issues during development, Metroid Prime, released for GameCube in 2002, was a perfect 3D debut for the franchise.
Metroid Prime marks a significant change in the series. Not only is the game 3D, but it's also played from a first-person perspective. Interestingly, it's widely reported that the first-person shooter idea was suggested by Miyamoto himself. Disappointed with Retro Studios' efforts and the game's camera, he apparently ordered the developer to rethink the game, suggesting the action be played through the eyes of Samus herself and that the various suits be represented by coloured visors.
The first-person shooter approach meant the attention to detail of the helmet's HUD had to be astonishing, and to Retro Studios' credit they did a great job of making you feel like you're actually inside Samus's Power Suit – even when she did her ball-morphing routine and the game switched to third person.
Prime, it seemed, had everything covered. And yet despite the bold change in perspective and the jaw-dropping visuals, what really made Prime so impressive was just how well the open-world gameplay of Metroid and Super Metroid had been carried across to 3D and the FPS genre. Such freedom was practically unheard of in the genre, in console games at least. Players could finally immerse themselves in the freakish world of Metroid, get inside the head of their heroine and get up close and personal with the game's monsters.
Prime was well received by both the gaming press and Metroid fans in its day. In a time of less-than-perfect Nintendo titles, such as Super Mario Sunshine, Star Fox Adventures and Mario Kart Double Dash!!, Prime stood out as the best GameCube game from Nintendo. And for a period, in the West at least, it was Nintendo's most important title.
Given that the series was hitting the height of its popularity in 2002, it should come as no surprise that Metroid saw no less than five more games appear on various Nintendo consoles within the following four years. The first of these was Metroid Fusion, which was actually released the same year as Prime. While Metroid director Yoshio Sakamoto helped guide Retro Studios during the development of Metroid's first three-dimensional outing, he had also longed to create a true follow-up to his magnum opus Super Metroid.
Of course, he was keen to continue the story in two dimensions, which left him no option but to develop the sequel, titled Metroid Fusion (aka Metroid IV) for Nintendo's then-newest handheld Game Boy Advance. Fusion may have been the creation of Metroid stalwart Sakamoto, but the gameplay is more akin to the style and gameplay of Metroid II. In fact, the game is probably even more accessible and more linear due to the fact that Samus is joined by a computer aide called Adam – said to be a robotic replicant of Samus's old commanding officer – and progression is mission based, which nullifies any sense of exploration.
The story details how Samus is forced to fuse with the Metroid she's been fostering after returning to SR-388 and becoming infected by a deadly parasite. The result of this fusion gives Samus all-new Metroid abilities and a new underpowered suit: the Fusion Suit, which is less powerful than the standard Power Suit but does offer added agility. Presently, Fusion is the final Metroid game in terms of story chronology. However, in 2005 a DS sequel, titled Metroid Dread, was said to be in the works, but more on that later.
Two more Metroid titles were released in 2004. The first, Metroid Zero Mission, landed on GBA in February and marked a couple of firsts for the series. In keeping with the 2D Game Boy Advance titles, Sakamoto was in the driving seat once again, but this looked set to bring the original NES game right up to date with the graphical finesse of Super Metroid and Metroid Fusion.
Zero Mission is a fantastic remake of the original NES game that makes wonderful use of all the extra power inside its new host console. It also has one rather special ace up its sleeve for fans: once Samus defeats Mother Brain, the game continues to reveal an extra section that allows the player to control Samus in her Zero Suit, which is basically just a blue jumpsuit.
Following the release of Metroid: Zero Mission, attention returned to the GameCube after Retro Studios released its three-dimensional follow-up to Prime the following November.
Metroid Prime 2: Echoes was another excellent title only really let down by its disappointing multiplayer deathmatch section. Apart from that, the gameplay remained pretty much untouched from Prime. Retro Studios added some new enemies – most notably Dark Samus – two new Power Suits (Dark and Light), and a unique dark and light element to the gameplay courtesy of the new setting, planet Aether.
Echoes retained the same level of quality of Prime, but sadly failed to garner the same level of sales at retail. And being released shortly after the launch of Halo 2 certainly didn't help. Following the release of Echoes was a bizarre but brilliant Metroid-themed pinball title for DS. The game is said to have come about after Kensuke Tanabe felt Samus's ability to morph into a ball would lend itself to a pinball spin-off. He approached UK developer Fuse Games, who worked on Mario Pinball Land, to develop the idea. Packed with the DS Rumble Pak, Metroid Prime Pinball brilliantly fuses the world of Metroid Prime with pinball. It also makes great use of the handheld's dual screens and touch-sensitive abilities, whetting appetites for the first 'proper' Metroid game to appear on the system.
Unusually for Metroid, DS fans only had to wait a year because in 2006 Metroid Prime Hunters was released. Nintendo and Retro ambitiously dropped the handheld series' traditional 2D side-scrolling perspective in favour of the three-dimensional first-person shooter view from Prime and Echoes. On paper, with the DS stylus and dual screens, the new direction made sense, but in practice it didn't work as well as fans had hoped.
While the game did a great job of squeezing the atmosphere and gameplay of the GameCube titles into the humble DS, the problems resided in the game's fiddly controls, which required a combination of both the D-pad and stylus to move Samus. To the game's credit it does improve on Echoes' lacklustre multiplayer section, and, control issues aside, it's still an enjoyable Metroid outing.
The final game in the saga, Metroid Prime 3: Corruption, was released on the Wii in 2007 and represents the conclusion of the Prime trilogy, continuing six months after the events of Echoes. Taking its cues from Metroid Fusion, Samus is again infected by a deadly substance – this time the radioactive matter known as Phazon – and is now fighting to save her own life while also trying to stop the Phazon threat from spreading to other planets.
Unlike Hunters, it doesn't suffer in the handling department, with many fans saying it has the best controls out of all three games. Like the other Prime games, Corruption adheres to the open-world Metroid formula and serves as a fitting end to what can only be considered one of the best videogame series of all time.
The only other Metroid title we should pay tribute to is the still-unconfirmed and rumoured-to-be-in-development DS follow-up to Fusion; Metroid Dread. This portable title has been spinning around in the rumour mill since 2005, back when Game Informer announced Nintendo's Intelligence Systems was working on a new 2D Metroid game for DS.
There is still no word from Nintendo whether or not the game is in development, but in 2007 interest was reignited when IGN discovered a telling message hidden in Metroid Prime 3 that read "Experiment status report update: Metroid project 'Dread' is nearing the final stages of completion." But two years on we're still waiting for the game to appear.
As Metroid: Other M begins to hit shelves, we begin to wonder what changes and similarities will make their way into this historic series. Still, given that the excellence of this series, which spans 22 years, gave us ten great games, and created an entire videogame sub-genre, however Other M turns out to be, we're convinced Nintendo's most un-Nintendo series will continue to live up to its legacy and the lofty expectations of its loyal fan base.


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The entity formed by a merger between
Catalpa and Conquest announced their all-scrip merger of equals on Wednesday. Conquest shareholders will be issued 0.3 Catalpa shares for every Conquest share held.
In a separate deal, Newcrest agreed to sell its Mt Rawdon gold mine and a 70 per cent stake in the Cracow gold mine to the merged entity in exchange for equity.
Newcrest will hold an initial 38 per cent interest in the combined company, but this is expected to be diluted to 33 per cent once the combined company undertakes a $150 million entitlement offer.
"We believe the proposed transaction delivers a very good outcome for Newcrest shareholders," Newcrest finance director and soon-to-be chief executive
"The management teams of Catalpa and Conquest are highly complementary and well placed to lead the new company.
"We look forward to supporting their efforts to grow the company and increase the value of our investment."
The merged Catalpa/Conquest will produce an estimated 294,000 ounces of gold from four operating mines in Australia this financial year, making it one of the five largest gold miners in the country.
By 2013, annual production should have increased to 400,000-450,000 ounces subject to a number of factors, including the successful commissioning and ramp up of the Mount Carlton mine in Queensland.
Post the equity raising, the group will have more than $200 million in cash and debt of $61 million.
Conquest executive chairman
The deals have implications for another gold junior
The Australian Financial Review


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
I am already neutered, housetrained, up to date with shots, good with kids, good with dogs, and good with cats.
Boomer, a Winter Haven Labrador Retriever dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Labrador Retriever for sale in Winter Haven, or seeking a Labrador Retriever dog from a breeder in Winter Haven.


text: Truly Nolen Promotes Two District Managers Leo Gomes and Mike Tanner were recently promoted, the firm announced. Subscribe May 7, 2013 People TUCSON, Ariz. - Truly Nolen announced the promotion of two district managers, Leo Gomes and Mike Tanner. Having been with Truly Nolen since 1997, Gomes has served as part-time service technician, branch manager, franchise owner and most recently district manager for commercial services since 2010. Throughout his tenure, Gomes has displayed exceptional leadership and mentoring skills as well as extensive knowledge of the pest management industry, Truly Nolen said. Gomes will now oversee the residential services for the Phoenix, Flagstaff and Salt Lake City areas. "Since 2010, Leo has made great strides in building our commercial presence in the West," said Arnie Kaplan, executive vice president for Truly Nolen. "I look forward to seeing Leo's work further develop his designated consumer markets." Tanner initially worked for Truly Nolen from 1996 to 1998 as a financial analyst in the Corporate Office located in Tucson. Upon his return in 2011, Tanner rejoined the Truly Nolen family as the Western Region Sales Manager and became an influential piece in revamping the sales training program. Tanner's new district includes the commercial services for Tucson, Phoenix and San Diego. "Mike's experience in sales and personnel management is a great asset to our company," said Kaplan. "His well-rounded experience in the industry, sales and finance will continue to develop our resources as we expand commercial services."


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Normally the only time footballers' wives hit the headlines is when they head out for a night on the tiles or during a summer tournament when they all support the team together.
However, this could be very different come the 2013 summer as a new musical celebrating the wives and girlfriends of players is set to hit the big time on the West End.
WAG! The Musical is set to be on stage at the Charing Cross Theatre from July 18th for a short five-week period following on from a successful run last summer, which even saw legendary theatre director and producer Lord Lloyd Webber enjoy the show.
It is a tongue-in-cheek look at living the lavish Wag lifestyle that is portrayed so much in the media.
The production looks at the world of footballers and their families by following the lives of women working in a stylish department store.
This was the brainchild of Karen Struel-White who is the daughter of former Swansea City owner Malcolm Struel.
Ms Struel-White lived a life of glamour, fame and fortune and has put her lavish experience to good use for this new show.
She told Wales Online that the prospect of the show heading on to the stage in London is incredibly exciting, stating that she hopes it becomes the "next big West End show".
"When I look back to last January when we first started putting the show together I would never have believed it would get this far.
"It's a fun-filled feel-good musical where you can leave your troubles at the door, have a laugh and listen to some really good music."
Tickets for the show are set to go on sale later this month and people could use this as a great excuse to spend time in one of the many luxury hotels in London for the weekend.


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Originally published on June 13, 2012 5:32 pm
The online service for short-term rentals in private homes known as Airbnb got a boost when it was featured at the recent Apple conference. But the company has also drawn in attention in cities like San Francisco, where legal concerns over everything from liability and safety to upset landlords have led to scrutiny. Audie Cornish speaks with Fast Company reporter Austin Carr about what Airbnb is up against.