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Mexico produced this proof bullion coin as part of their Pre-Columbian Azteca series. This 5 Peso (1 Onza) - 1 Troy Ounce coin pays tribute to the Eagle Warrior (Guerrero Aguila) in the Aztec culture.
With a mintage of ONLY 1,000 Proofs this coin is difficult to find! Cataloged in Krause as KM#646.
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The ongoing saga of Toronto Mayor Rob Ford vs. The World took two pivotal turns on Tuesday. Of course, there was Mayor Rob Ford's bombshell confession that he has, indeed, smoked crack cocaine, reportedly while in a "drunken stupor." The ramifications of this admission will become clear in due time, but something else happened on Tuesday that must be addressed: The mayor's brother, Toronto City Councillor Doug Ford, accused both police Chief Bill Blair and a member of the governing police services board of a conflict of interest. This changes the stakes. It's time to call another police service.
[np_storybar title="Matt Gurney: Doug Ford declares war on Toronto's 'conspiring' police chief" link="http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/11/05/matt-gurney-doug-ford-declares-war-on-torontos-conspiring-police-chief/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter"%5DSeveral days ago, I wrote that Ford Nation, rattled by recent revelations about what the Toronto Police Service has learned about Mayor Rob Ford's behaviour, was regrouping around the shared conviction that Police Chief Bill Blair was their public enemy #1. Early on Tuesday morning, the Mayor's brother, Councillor Doug Ford, took up this cause, and with gusto.
In an interview with host John Oakley of AM 640, Councillor Ford let Chief Blair have a full volley of Ford Nation fury. According to the Councillor, Chief Blair is playing politics, is acting as judge, jury and executioner, wanted to put "a political bullet" between the Mayor's eyes, needs to be probed to see if his comments about Mayor Ford were inappropriate and should, to quote the Councillor, "step down."
Continue reading…
To be clear, the Toronto Police Service does not work for the city's mayor. The police are governed by the independent Police Services Board comprised of seven members. Three of these members are appointed by the provincial government. The other four include three city councillors and a private citizen, all of whom are appointed by Toronto City Council based on the mayor's recommendation.
While only the police services board can issue instructions to the police chief, and even then never for operational matters, the police budget must be approved by Council. Last year's police budget was a major battle between the Chief, who wanted more money, and the board, backed by Mayor Ford, who said no. No one expects the budget battle to go any easier this year.
On Tuesday, Doug Ford publicly suggested during several live radio broadcasts Chief Blair is a "fishing buddy" with board member Andrew Pringle. He further suggested there was a close friendship between Mr. Pringle and John Tory, a popular Toronto radio personality and former politician who is widely expected to run for mayor in 2014. Mr. Tory previously ran for mayor in 2003 and was leader of the provincial Progressive Conservative party.
Councillor Ford's intimation there is some form of collusion between these men in order to facilitate his brother's demise as mayor, and thus an easier election for Mr. Tory, is far-fetched. It is hard to imagine a less likely conspiracy. Sadly, though, the ludicrous has become commonplace in today's Toronto.
The connections between these three men are real, although the sinister nature of their relationship is likely imaginary. Mr. Pringle, after all, is the city council appointed citizen member of the Police Services Board — an appointment for which he was recommended by … Mayor Rob Ford. Mr. Tory may very much like to be mayor of Toronto, but his greatest political weakness, quite frankly, is that he's always been averse to the kind of bare knuckle politics necessary to win or, I expect, to conspire. Chief Blair is a politically-astute police chief, but all good chiefs are. He is also well-known as a "Just the facts, ma'am" kind of cop.
But still, everyone involved does indeed have a personal interest that would best be served by one outcome or another. The Mayor wants the investigation to go away so he can win a second term next year. The Chief wants his term extended, too, and the current Police Services Board is unlikely to do that. Mr. Pringle is the swing vote on that board, and a close friend of both the chief and the man most likely to beat the mayor in the next election. A new mayor could appoint four new members to the Police Services Board.
To further complicate matters, Mayor Ford said Monday he still supports the police, even though they're investigating him, and that he'd like to increase their budget so they can hire more officers. Of course, in order to do that, he'd have to still be mayor and unsullied by police charges.
When you set aside all the rhetoric and unsubstantiated allegations, the base facts of this sorry situation are clear. The Mayor of Toronto is subject of an investigation being conducted by a police service that is governed by an oversight board he helps appoint. This, alone, should be reason enough for the Toronto police to hand off this investigation to another, independent, police service.
The Toronto Police Service is one of the best police forces in the world. Its investigators are second to none. They've done outstanding work on this file. They're professionals dedicated to public service, and the public will be best served by handing over this investigation to another agency that has nothing at stake here.
For the good of the city and all of its residents, the time has come to hand over this investigation to the Ontario Provincial Police or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
National Post
Mark Towhey is a management consultant, business and political strategist, and former chief of staff to Toronto Mayor Rob Ford. He splits his time between Toronto and Twitter, where he's known unimaginatively as @towhey.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lensfield Hotel & Boutique Wellness Spa3
53-57 Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EN
Price FromView Rooms
- Very Good
- 40 guest reviews
"Lensfield Hotel is in a good central place for seeing Cambridge being close to the main shopping centre, most of the colleges and The Fitzwi..."
"Very happy with this friendly hotel, would definitely stay again and recommend to others. There are lots of lovely homely touches that make..."
"Nice friendly hotel. Comfortable single room with good en suite bathroom and lots of nice touches in the room. Fantastic breakfast. Only iss..."
"My room was small, but good value. Breakfast was great. Parking bit of an issue..."
"We arrived early and got a parking space. Our room was ready and was very well appointed. Breakfast was very good with both full English and..."
About the hotel
Situated in the historic city of Cambridge, a 15 minutes' walk from the rail station and university colleges, this charming Hotel boasts elegant accommodation, indulgent spa and wellness facilities and free Wi-Fi. Dating back to the 1850, the building has been subjected to a regular programme of tasteful modernisation and enhancement. Each of the en-suite guestrooms has been elegantly furnished, providing luxury and relaxation in equal measure.
Free Wi-Fi is available throughout. Each morning guests can enjoy a traditional English breakfast or a continental buffet. There is also a comfortable residents coffee lounge serving a range of fine beers and wine. Propelled by the concept of a holistic lifestyle and well-being, The Boutique Wellness Spa & Fitness Suite rests on the healing philosophy of physical, mental and spiritual health. It features 3 dedicated treatment rooms, a Thermal/Glacial Suite and a state-of-the-art Fitness Suite. PLEASE NOTE: THE BOUTIQUE WELLNESS SPA IS A LADIES ONLY SPA with chargeable treatments. Our Thermal Glacial Suite is bookable by appointment only and is available to Hotel Guests at a chargeable fee. Limited parking is available on a first come first served basis. There are only 5 spaces available. Car park Spaces cannot be reserved unless the guest requires a disables space. The Hotel is within walking distance of all colleges, the University Botanic Garden, the Fitzwilliam Museum and Lion Yard shopping centre. Please note the M6 is up to 10 minutes pending on traffic & time of day, from the conference centre.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Main
- Hotel Non-Smoking Throughout, Disabled Facilities, Air conditioning in rooms, 24 Hour Reception, Safety Deposit Box, Tea/Coffee making facilities in each room, Hairdryer in each room, Telephone In Each Room, Laundry/Valet Service, Wake Up Call Available, Public Air Conditioning
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available, Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas, Wi-Fi Available In Rooms
- Leisure
- Sauna, Steam Rooms, Massage, Beauty Salon/Manicure, Mountain Bike Hire, [Channels] News, [Channels] Sky Sports, [Channels] Music, [Channels] Childrens
- In Room Entertainment
- TV, Satellite TV, Radio
- Parking
- Car Parking Available Offsite
- Accessibility
- Disabled Access Bedrooms, Disabled toilets on ground floor, Wheelchair Access, Wheelchair Access To Restaurant, Wheelchair Access To Disabled Car Parking Spaces
- Dining
- Bar
Useful Info Show/hide
- Between 14:00 and 23:00
- By 11:30 hours
- Up to 12 years old
- 22/08/2016 to 31/12/2025 - BOUTIQUE WELLNESS SPA IS A LADIES ONLY SPA with chargeable treatments. Our Thermal Glacial Suite is bookable by appointment only and is available to Hotel Guests at a chargeable fee for 30 min. The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
Very Good
83% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
Comfortable and friendly
Lensfield Hotel is in a good central place for seeing Cambridge being close to the main shopping centre, most of the colleges and The Fitzwi...
I'll be back!
Very happy with this friendly hotel, would definitely stay again and recommend to others.
There are lots of lovely homely touches that make...
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a broken microphone being moved around to make glitch distortion sounds. warning: loud
Clarinet section with full digital distortion
Distorted frog.
Synthesized string ensemble short. Long decay, wide stereo image. Made to help you build tension in your amateur movie. Synthesized ...
Running and breathing fast rec by Neumann TLM103
Someone who's hiding and tries to be not seen. Might be escaping. Recorded with a Zoom H2 in Pompeu Fabra's ...
Trying to control your breath with the adrenalin flowing through your veins....
Another short snare drumroll. Recorded with Presonus Firebox & Samson C01.
A low booming bass hit. Started life as a drop of water. Everything went downhill from there.
Hat sample from the Linn LM-1 Drum Machine
Drum hits taken from the Amen break
closed hi hat accented from the fdiskc.com tr606 sample set
12" Paiste hi hat
off beat hi hat. more S in this one.
A Hit Hat Sample.


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
I am already neutered and up to date with shots.
Please note that because we require a home visit at the time of adoption we can only place animals in homes within a 60 mile radius of Minneapolis.
If you are interested in meeting this dog or pup please fill out the pre-adoption application on our website at www.safehandsrescue.org under Adopt and we will get back to you to arrange a meeting in the foster home.
We also have an Adoptable Dog Meet & Greet on Saturday May 4th at Fetch Delivers Warehouse at 2303 Kennedy St. NE from noon - 2 pm.
Bentley, a Minneapolis Border Collie/Corgi dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Border Collie/Corgi for sale in Minneapolis, or seeking a Border Collie/Corgi dog from a breeder in Minneapolis.


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Family, Players and Students Mourn Joe Paterno's Death
ABC Digital
Updated at
(STATE COLLEGE, Pa.) — A candlelight vigil was held outside of Penn State's administration building Sunday night to honor the university's former head football coach Joe Paterno, who passed away that morning at the age of 85.
In a statement, Paterno's family announced Sunday morning that he had died at a hospital in State College, Pa., of complications from lung cancer. Minutes after the announcement, people began to gather at the bronze statue of Paterno on the Penn State campus.
"What we lost today is really really hard to replace. In fact, won't be replaced, it's just a sad day," said former Penn State linebacker Matt Millen. "Guys like coach Paterno rarely rarely come around and they touch many many lives on many different levels, and it's not just about football, it is way beyond that."
Paterno's son Scott tweeted: "My family wants to express our heartfelt thanks to the hospital staff and doctors. They were amazing and caring — Thanks isn't enough. We would also like to thank all of the tens of thousands of people who have been praying — your kindness continues to sustain us. Finally, to Penn Staters, past and present, know that Dad loves you all and has always loved being part of your family."
Paterno's son Jay also shared similar sentiments on Twitter: "Our family thanks Penn Staters, students & all people for prayers & support for my Dad. He felt your support in his fight."
The Penn State Board of Trustees and University President Rodney Erickson released a statement saying the university plans to honor Paterno, "for his many contributions and to remember his remarkable life and legacy."
Paterno, the winningest coach in Division 1 football, was fired in November in the wake of the child abuse case involving his former assistant coach Jerry Sandusky. Upon hearing the news, students rallied on campus for the man they affectionately called "Joe Pa," and Paterno thanked his supporters.
"It's hard for me to tell you how much this means to me," he said. "I've lived through this place, I lived for people like you guys and girls."
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


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Whenever you visit an Imagine Publishing website we want to assure you that we make every effort to respect your personal privacy. We will only use the information that we collect about you lawfully (in accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998).
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Dog Training
Dog Acting : Star
DogStars Star Program: Star Training Classes
Click Here to see our upcoming classes
DogStars has been a part of the movie and television industry for over 15 years. Not only do we recognize talent when we see it, we also actively train animals to be stars. Our Star I and Star II programs will put your pet on the path to Hollywood. To be ready for your pets auditions, just like people actors, training is a must.
DogStars provides the necessary animal acting training to achieve your dreams, we also place all Star II graduates into our DogStars Talent Agency, skipping the application process and fee. After all, when your pet masters Star II acting, we want them working for us!
Star I
Star Level 1 is a 5 week course, focusing on 3-5 behaviours per class, including:
- Hitting a designated mark
- Attention training: keeping your dog focused and performing
- Waving and shaking a paw
- Roll over
- Wipe their face ( so cute! )
- Taking a bow
- Shake head
- Lick lips / give kisses
- And much, much more…
We also introduce clicker training as part of the positive reward system behind our training methods, as a clean and quick way to have your animal perform on set.
$195 / 5 Weeks
Star II
Star Level 2 builds and expands on the work done in Star Level 1, introducing new and more complex behaviours, including:
- Hitting consecutive designated marks
- Work aways: teaching your dog to listen to commands while you or the trainer are out of sight; having your dog move away from the trainer, while still able to perform the called for behaviour
- Bark on command / Quiet on request
- Eyeline and attention work with increased distraction
- Target training
- Shake head
- Lick lips / give kisses
Our DogStars Talent Agency guarantees a place in our talent roster for our Star II graduates, waiving the application and selection process as well as the $35 fee.
Successful completion of Star I is a prerequisite for Star II registration.
$195 / 5 Weeks
Twinkle Puppy Classes Vancouver
Outdoor Training – Vancouver – Basic to Advanced
Saturday Sept 16 @ 11.00 am
Acting Classes for Dogs – Vancouver
Tuesday - Sept 12 - Star Level 1 @ 8:00 PM


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Knapton is a village three miles west of York in the City of York unitary authority and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is bounded by the village of Acomb to the east, the B1224 to the south, the A59 to the north and the A1237 York Outer Ring Road to the west.
In 1843 the village had a population of 113 in an area of approximately 883 acres made up mainly of farmhouses. The Lord of the Manor at this time was Sir William Eden. The current population is estimated to be 222 in approximately 96 households.
In the sixteenth century, the village was a detached part of the parish of Holy Trinity, Micklegate in York. It became a separate civil parish in 1866. In 1974 the parish was transferred from the West Riding of Yorkshire (which included the Ainsty of York) to the Harrogate district in the new county of North Yorkshire. In 1988 the civil parish was absorbed into the civil parish of Rufforth, and the parish was subsequently renamed Rufforth with Knapton. In 1996 the parish was transferred to the City of York.
Historically, Knapton was in the ecclesiastical parish of Acomb in Ainsty Wapentake as well as being in the parish of Holy Trinity, Micklegate. From 1894 until 1938, Knapton was located in Great Ouseburn Rural District and from 1938 until 1974 in Nidderdale Rural District. A small area of Knapton was absorbed by the City of York in 1934.
The page, Great Ouseburn Rural District, has an outline map of all the civil parishes in the district.
Research Tips


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London - Tottenham Hotspur's plans to build a new 58 000-capacity stadium on a site next to their White Hart Lane home are set to go ahead following Government approval.
Spurs, who have played at White Hart Lane since 1899, hope to move into the new ground in 2017.
"This is a very significant step", the club said on their website (www.tottenhamhotspur.com) on Saturday before adding that they had "refined a detailed design of the stadium" to fully develop its potential for the future.
Spurs have been clearing land next to White Hart Lane for two years and, as the Government has approved the final stages of their plans, building work can now begin.
The Government's Communities Secretary Eric Pickles was quoted by the BBC as saying: "This scheme is supported by the locally determined development plan for the area and has received strong local support".
White Hart Lane's record attendance of 75,038 was set in 1938 but its capacity now is 36,230.
The club have a waiting list for season tickets of more than 20,000 fans. The move to a bigger stadium will vastly increase revenue and therefore allow Spurs to challenge better for domestic and European honours. – Reuters


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400 Palomar Dr., not before 9 a.m.! High chair, mirrors, … Read more
Lodi High School senior Jesus Muniz captured the third-place title for the Drum Major Award at the Franklin Band Review.
Esmeralda Esparza
"If I could go back in time, I would like to meet Selena. I would want to ask her what her experiences were being a female Latin singer. I grew up only hearing about her death and would like to know the good things about her life."
Sam James
"I would like to meet former President John F. Kennedy because he lived during an idealistic time of American innovation and discovery."
Posted: Wednesday, June 26, 2013 12:00 am
Posted in Learning Link, Education on Wednesday, June 26, 2013 12:00 am.
We rely on the input of the community. If you are a teen or interested in teen issues, you can help us with the following regular features on Lodinews.com and in the Lodi News-Sentinel. Email Stephanie Hiatt at email@example.com or call 209-369-2761.
KEWL Kids: Kids doing exceptional and worthwhile things in and around Lodi. Know a student who is making Lodi a better or more interesting place to be? Let us know!
Parents 2 Teens: An opportunity for parents to get a fresh perspective from our Teens 2 Teens advisers. Email your questions and see what responsible teenagers have to say about your problem or situation.
School Scoop: Are you a parent or teacher who has something wonderful or unique going on at your child's school? Write about it and let Lodi know about your great school.
Reading news can encourage positive attitudes toward reading, improving English skills, and providing young people an opportunity to be better informed, proactive citizens in your community.
400 Palomar Dr., not before 9 a.m.! High chair, mirrors, … Read more
Life's Good Empty Nest Sale 9/23 Teen furniture, sport-ai… Read more
CASE NO. CV-UNC--2017-9162ORDER TO SHOW CAUSEFOR CHANGE OF NAME Read more
© Copyright 2017, Lodinews.com, Lodi, CA. Powered by Blox CMS from TownNews.com.


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The lesson for directors is clear: read the document.
It is a lesson the corporate regulator is emphasising in courtrooms and the pages of judgments, unlike perhaps any other regulator in the world.
The ruling yesterday was the latest in a series of decisions reshaping the landscape for directors, defining what is expected and making clear what will happen if directors do not measure up. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission is setting the standard in boardrooms.
The decision by the High Court yesterday to put the James Hardie directors back on the hook for misleading the market more than a decade ago is a huge win for ASIC. It vindicates the position it took all along.
It tells directors they must read board minutes, they must read ASX releases, and they must correct them if information is wrong. It is not enough to let management or corporate affairs release one of the most important statements in the company's history.
The High Court made it clear yesterday: directors must satisfy themselves as to the veracity of board minutes and media releases. It is a duty that cannot be delegated.
The ruling reinforces the decision in the Centro case prosecuted by ASIC, and handed down last year. Eight Centro directors were found guilty of breaching their duties after they signed off on 2007 accounts that failed to reveal $2 billion in current liabilities and $1.75 billion in guarantees.
The defendants said they relied on external advisers, but judge John Middleton said that was not enough. Directors could not rely on advisers alone when approving the accounts. They must read the financial statements and form their own opinions.
The same can be said of reading board minutes in the Hardie case.
The regulator claimed Forrest breached his continuous disclosure requirements to the market by announcing that framework agreements were binding when they were only agreements to negotiate.
The case is still reserved by the High Court, but Forrest is bound by the same duty of care as the directors of James Hardie. Both statements in question are not outright untruths, but rather exaggerations of what the regulator says was the true position.
Whatever the outcome, it will be another courtroom lesson for boards across Australia.
The Australian Financial Review


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+ Author affiliations
+ Author affiliations
1. Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Institute of Research, Bucharest, Romania
2. 'Aurel Vlaicu' University of Arad, Arad, Romania
3. Arad Public Health Department, Arad Romania
4. Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
5. Regional Centre of Public Health Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
6. National Institute of Public Health – National Centre for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
7. Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
Correspondence: Sorin Dinu (
Citation style for this article: Dinu S, Nagy M, Negru DG, Popovici ED, Zota L, Oprișan G. Molecular identification of emergent GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus genotype, Romania, 2015. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(7):pii=30141. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.7.30141
The novel GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus genotype has been reported as cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in China and Japan since the winter season 2014/15, replacing the pandemic strain GII.4 Sydney 2012. These emergent strains have also been sporadically reported on other continents than Asia. GII.P17-GII.17 isolates, similar to Kawasaki308 2015, were identified in three patients during a large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis affecting 328 people in Romania, in neighbouring localities, in 2015.
We present molecular evidence for the circulation of emergent norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 strain during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis that occurred in Arad, a county in the western part of Romania, in 2015.
Noroviruses are among the leading causes of non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide [1]. Published data on circulation of noroviruses in Romania are scarce [2,3] and sequences previously obtained by our group (i.e. GenBank FR695414-FR695417) indicated circulation of genotype GII.P21-GII.2 in 2006 (unpublished data).
Between 16 October and 1 December 2015, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was recorded in Arad, a county in the western part of Romania, bordering Hungary, with ca 400,000 inhabitants. The first cases were notified by a local hospital to Arad Public Health Department on 18 October 2015. The public health authorities further investigated the outbreak-associated cases among household contacts, in schools and hospitals. Suspected cases were defined as patients with three or more loose stools in a 24-hour period, and/or two or more episodes of vomiting in a 24-hour period. Confirmed cases were suspected cases additionally testing positive for norovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three hundred twenty-eight cases (sex ratio: 0.8:1; 145 male: 183 female) were recorded across 20 small rural and urban neighbouring communities with a total number of ca 35,000 inhabitants. The patients' median age was 18 years and the average age was 27 years (standard deviation: 22; interquartile range: 10-40; age range: 0–95 years). Cases were either clustered in foci (n = 302) or sporadic (n = 26). One hundred fourteen cases were recorded in schools. The illness was mild, self-limiting, with only eight patients hospitalised. No further information was available on the reasons for hospitalisation. No fatalities were recorded. The onset was sudden and symptoms included nausea (n = 220), vomiting (n = 214), abdominal pain (n = 178), diarrhoea (n = 168), headache (n = 100), dehydration (n = 30) and fever (n = 20). The index case was not identified.
Five stool samples collected between 25 October and 7 November 2015 from patients with acute gastroenteritis were received for molecular diagnostic and genotyping at Cantacuzino National Institute of Research in Bucharest.
Viral RNA was extracted from 140 µL of PBS stool suspension (10% wt/vol) using QIAamp RNA Viral Mini Kit (Qiagen). A fragment of 1111 nt spanning ORF1-ORF2 (RdRp-VP1) junction, region recommended for norovirus typing, was amplified using primers JV12 and G2SKR [4,5].
Three out of five samples yielded a PCR product suitable for sequencing (one sample from an adult and two samples from two young children). Sequencing was performed with BigDye Terminator v3.1 (Applied Biosystems) and Norovirus Genotyping Tool (http://www.rivm.nl/mpf/norovirus/typingtool) was employed for assigning genotype [6]. The three sequences obtained were identical and the results of typing indicated genotype GII.P17-GII.17. Sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers LT160589, LT160590, and LT160591.
Phylogenetic analysis was conducted with Mega 6 software [7], neighbour-joining statistical method, Kimura 2-parameter, 1,000 bootstrap replications. Phylogenetic analysis (Figure) grouped the sequences described here in the same sub-cluster with Kawasaki308 strain, identified in Japan in 2015 [8].
Neighbour-joining tree of GII norovirus isolates based on partial RdRp-VP1 junction, outbreak of acute gastroenteritis, Romania, 2015
Black diamonds: sequences obtained in this study from three patients during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Arad county, Romania, 2015.
Numbers at nodes represent the bootstrap percentages (values < 70% are not shown). The analysis was conducted on a 1067 nt sequence (nt positions 4303–5369 in isolate Kawasaki323 2014, GenBank accession number AB983218).
GII.17 norovirus genotype was first described in French Guiana, in 1978 [9]. As reviewed elsewhere [10], GII.17 strains have been sporadically detected in Africa, America, Asia and Europe. Strains belonging to the novel GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus genotype were detected in Korea in 2013 and have been associated with gastroenteritis outbreaks in China and Japan since 2014/15 winter season, replacing the previously dominant strain GII.4 Sydney 2012 [8,10-13]. The same genotype was identified in groundwater in Kenya, in 2012 [14]. Molecular dating analysis estimated that GII.P17-GII.17 strains have been circulating in Asia as early as 2002 [8].
In Europe, GII.P17-GII.17 strains were found in sporadic cases from France (2013), Italy (2015), the Netherlands and Russia [10,15]. The only study providing a detailed molecular characterisation of a GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus strain detected in Europe comes from Italy. There, the strain was identified in two sporadic cases of acute severe gastroenteritis occurring in February 2015 among young children residing in two distinct Italian regions [15].
GII.P17-GII.17 strains encode a new type of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the VP1 capsid protein displays amino acid substitutions in major epitopes. Also, the emerging GII.P17-GII.17 genotype is undergoing a fast diversification which led to two sub-clusters based on RdRp and capsid genes. The two sub-clusters are represented by Kawasaki323 2014, and Kawasaki308 2015 strains, respectively [8]. As demonstrated for GII.4 genotype strains, mutations in VP1 can lead to evasion from host immune system [16].
We report here the detection of GII.P17-GII.17 norovirus isolates highly related to Kawasaki308 strain (99.15% nt sequence similarity in the analysed fragment), identified in Japan in 2015. The sequences described were obtained during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in late 2015 in the western part of Romania and were identified in two young children (under five years) and in a young adult (under 30 years) with acute gastroenteritis. The patients resided in two neighbouring localities. Our molecular analysis based on a DNA fragment of the ORF1-ORF2 (RdRp-VP1) junction (Figure), indicates that the Romanian strains belong to Kawasaki308 2015 sub-cluster (100% bootstrap value). This sub-cluster comprises strains identified in 2014 and 2015 in Hong Kong and in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China. Gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by this emergent genotype were recorded in the provinces of Jiangsu and Guangdong in China, in 2014 and 2015 [11,12]. Also, the Italian strain [15] and an isolate identified in 2014 in a sporadic case of acute gastroenteritis in a three-year-old child from the United States [17] are closely related to the Romanian isolates.
This documented outbreak, outside Asia, was caused by a norovirus strain belonging to the emergent GII.P17-GII.17 genotype which in the near future might become the dominant genotype in Europe. Due to the limited number of diagnosed cases, we cannot totally exclude the possibility that this gastroenteritis outbreak could have been caused by another pathogen; however, considering the clustering in time and place and rapid onset of symptoms, norovirus was the most probable cause of this outbreak. Therefore, national and European surveillance systems should be prepared for events associated to this emergent strain.
The authors are grateful to Dr Codruța-Romanița Usein (Cantacuzino National Institute of Research, Bucharest, Romania) for her kind support during this study and for critical review of the manuscript.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Authors' contributions
MN, DGN and EDP collected and analysed epidemiological data. LZ managed the acute diarrhoea syndrome surveillance programme. SD and GO performed sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. SD wrote the paper. GO revised the manuscript.
Atmar RL, Estes MK. The epidemiologic and clinical importance of norovirus infection.Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2006;35(2):275-90, viii. DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2006.03.001 PMID: 16880066
Damian M, Tatu-Chiţoiu D, Usein CR, Oprişan G, Palade AM, Dinu S, et al.
Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diarrhoea syndrome; a three years study in two hospitals of infectious diseases.
Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol. 2009;68(2):89-94.PMID: 20361527
Spina A, Kerr KG, Cormican M, Barbut F, Eigentler A, Zerva L, et al.
Spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the FilmArray GI Panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(8):719-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.04.007 PMID: 25908431
Kojima S, Kageyama T, Fukushi S, Hoshino FB, Shinohara M, Uchida K, et al.
Genogroup-specific PCR primers for detection of Norwalk-like viruses.
J Virol Methods. 2002;100(1-2):107-14. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00404-9 PMID: 11742657
Vinjé J, Koopmans MP. Molecular detection and epidemiology of small round-structured viruses in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the Netherlands.J Infect Dis. 1996;174(3):610-5. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.3.610 PMID: 8769621
Kroneman A, Vennema H, Deforche K, v d Avoort H, Peñaranda S, Oberste MS, et al.
An automated genotyping tool for enteroviruses and noroviruses.
J Clin Virol. 2011;51(2):121-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.03.006 PMID: 21514213
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0.Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30(12):2725-9. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst197 PMID: 24132122
Matsushima Y, Ishikawa M, Shimizu T, Komane A, Kasuo S, Shinohara M, et al.
Genetic analyses of GII.17 norovirus strains in diarrheal disease outbreaks from December 2014 to March 2015 in Japan reveal a novel polymerase sequence and amino acid substitutions in the capsid region.
Euro Surveill. 2015;20(26):21173. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.26.21173 PMID: 26159307
Rackoff LA, Bok K, Green KY, Kapikian AZ. Epidemiology and evolution of rotaviruses and noroviruses from an archival WHO Global Study in Children (1976-79) with implications for vaccine design.PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59394. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059394 PMID: 23536875
de Graaf M, van Beek J, Vennema H, Podkolzin AT, Hewitt J, Bucardo F, et al.
Emergence of a novel GII.17 norovirus – End of the GII.4 era?
Euro Surveill. 2015;20(26):21178. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.26.21178 PMID: 26159308
Fu J, Ai J, Jin M, Jiang C, Zhang J, Shi C, et al.
Emergence of a new GII.17 norovirus variant in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Jiangsu, China, September 2014 to March 2015.
Euro Surveill. 2015;20(24):21157. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.24.21157 PMID: 26111236
Lu J, Sun L, Fang L, Yang F, Mo Y, Lao J, et al.
Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Caused by Norovirus GII.17, Guangdong Province, China, 2014-2015.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(7):1240-2. DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.150226 PMID: 26080037
Kim JS, Kim HS, Hyun J, Song W. Molecular Epidemiology of Human Norovirus in Korea in 2013. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:468304.
Kiulia NM, Mans J, Mwenda JM, Taylor MB. Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya.Food Environ Virol. 2014;6(4):221-31. DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9160-6 PMID: 25059212
Medici MC, Tummolo F, Calderaro A, Chironna M, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S, et al.
Identification of the novel Kawasaki 2014 GII.17 human norovirus strain in Italy, 2015.
Euro Surveill. 2015;20(35):30010. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.35.30010 PMID: 26530698
Debbink K, Lindesmith LC, Donaldson EF, Baric RS. Norovirus immunity and the great escape.PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(10):e1002921. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002921 PMID: 23093932
Parra GI, Green KY. Genome of Emerging Norovirus GII.17, United States, 2014.Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(8):1477-9. DOI: 10.3201/eid2108.150652 PMID: 26196235
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text:
Justin Timberlake and Jessica Biel Not Engaged
Justin Timberlake swung by The Oprah Winfrey Show on Friday to parade around his William Rast clothing line and place a muzzle on all those (lone three or four) voices saying he and Jessica Biel are engaged.
Sadly, the rumored fairytale Italian wedding of Justin and Jessica will have to remain in the fantasies of our imaginations.
"I'm not engaged," he told Oprah. "If she's engaged, we have a problem."
? Last we heard Don Juan de Justin was starting to get the roving eye and planning his escape from the "controlling" talons of Jessica. Why don't we address that rumor?
Instead, the interview was reliably bland. Jessica is a "huge muse" and he made a little jokey ha ha about his Saturday Night Live Beyonce back-up dancing panty-hose performance.
We give the relationship three months tops. (Of course we do)
Gallery Info: Justin Timberlake Out and About In Beverly Hills


text: Explore the half of our world covered by deep ocean, and how our lives affect the hidden face of our planet. The first astronauts to leave the Earth's orbit saw our "blue planet" for the first time. But what lies in the half of our world covered by water more than two miles deep? How are our everyday lives connected to the ocean depths, and what challenges and opportunities does this previously hidden realm hold for our future?


text:
Next Step
I don't know
Where I'm going.
I can only see enough
To take the next step.
The future is covered in fog,
But the present
Is clearer than ever.
Spring 2017; California, USA
Pure Being
I admire your presence and elegance,
Beauty and pride.
Your strength and grace
Inspire me to look inside.
Your pure being
Resonates with my timeless soul.
Spring 2017; Brøndby Strand, Denmark
Summer 2017; Copenhagen, Denmark
Blue Mountains
Summer 2017; Squamish, Canada
Spring 2017; Yosemite National Park, USA
Summer 2017; Lighthouse Park, BC, Canada
Spring 2017; California, USA
Summer 2017; Garibaldi National Park, Canada
White Forest
And then I found myself
Surrounded by angelic trees
That told me a story of a lighter world
And took me in.
Winter 2016; Dragør, Denmark
I look to the left
And I sense your support.
I look to the right
And I'm sheltered.
You are leading me forward
Step by step.
We are together,
I thank you,
I'm ready.
Spring 2017; Hvidovre, Denmark
Spreading Wings
The longing for freedom
In a world so controlled
Seems to originate
In the depth of my core.
Spreading my wings,
Learning from birds -
Perhaps the captivity
Is just in my thoughts?
Autumn 2016; Brøndby Strand, Denmark
Too deep and too sensitive
For this world
I'm praying for you
My beloved aunt.
You were made out of light
And to light you returned.
We are feeling your presence,
And we know you're at peace.
You were a gift to this world,
But now you're home.
Spring 2017; Capilano, BC, Canada
I was hiding my darkness inside,
I was wishing for my heart to be bright.
When I realized that light and darkness can't be apart,
I accepted my darkness and it became light.
Winter 2017; Brøndbyskoven, Denmark
Lost in Awe
Perhaps I am lost -
Lost in awe.
The drama around me
Opened my eyes to the realness;
And in the loss of my old self
I begin finding myself.
Winter 2017; Bornholm, Denmark
Oh, how could I put words on
The vastness of the ocean?
Its power,
And never ending motion...
Winter 2017; Brøndby Strand, Denmark
Winter 2017; Bornholm, Denmark
I'm one with the wind,
It's flowing right through me.
Transparent to its force
I'm flying and crooning.
I'm one with the sky,
It's glowing right through me.
Transparent to its glory
I'm flying and crooning.
Spring 2017; Hvidovre, Denmark
Summer 2017; Capilano Regional Park, Canada
Silence around me,
Time ceases to matter
And all I can hear is my breath.
Stillness within me
Is healing my being
And all I can feel is my breath.
Winter 2017; Bornholm, Denmark
Spring 2017; Hareskoven, Denmark
Fir Dream
The sight of snow brought happiness to my heart.
Its gentleness and purity resonated with my core,
It seemed to bring magic to everything it touched,
So cold and yet so warming.
Winter 2017; Brøndbyskoven, Denmark


text:
Simon & Schuster is delaying ebooks by four months
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The article does not say so explicitly, but these publishers seem to be assuming that they can release 4 months later at the same list price as the hardcover. They are relying on Amazon to continue to take a hit on these titles and offer them at $9.99.
If publishers want to experiment with 4 months later at a lower list price (i.e. less income for them and their authors per sale), this is an approach that has an outside chance of working. I think 4 months later and sky high list prices is very likely to fail.
Either way, the authors of these titles are going to loose money due to the publisher's games. I think this is where the "we need to do this now" comes from, publishers know this is going to loose money for these titles but if only 5-10% of early sales are from ebooks perhaps their authors won't scream too loudly about the money the publishers are taking out of their pockets. Publishers are not in the business of enriching authors, but if I was one of the authors they screwed in this way I would look for another publisher.
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Predicting the Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Primary Care (ICECOLDERIC)
Recruitment status was: Active, not recruiting
- Full Text View
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Background: COPD is a systemic illness; morbidity and mortality due to this disease are on the increase, and it has great impact on patients' lives. Most COPD patients are managed by general practitioners (GP). GPs base their initial assessment of patients' disease severity mainly on lung function and then inform patients about adequate treatment. However, lung function correlates poorly with COPD-specific health-related quality of life and exacerbation frequency. Preventive cardiology embraced risk index-guided treatment successfully. COPD disease severity indices that better represent the clinical manifestations of COPD are needed that can be used to guide risk-stratified treatment.
Objectives: (1) The development and validation of a practical COPD disease severity index to predict the course of health-related quality of life over time. (2) The validation of the ADO-Index (Age, Dyspnea, Obstruction) to predict 3-year mortality in COPD patients in primary care. (3) Link evidence on treatment effects to the COPD risk indices to guide COPD treatment selection.
Methods: We are in the process of conducting two linked prospective cohort studies with 413 COPD patients (GOLD stages 2-4) from GPs in Switzerland and the Netherlands. We performed a sound baseline assessment including detailed patient history, lung function, measurement of exercise capacity and blood sampling. During the follow-up of at least five years, we update the patients' profile by registering health status, exacerbations and health-related quality of life and, after 2 years, lung function and measurement of exercise capacity. For aim 1, we will identify the best combination of variables predicting the course of health-related quality of life over time using multivariable regression analysis. For aim 2, we will assess discrimination and calibration of the ADO index to predict 3-year mortality. For aim 3, we will estimate treatment effects for individual patient profiles using complex statistical models such as Markov models.
Significance of project: After this study, different risk scores will be available for use in primary care so that general practitioners can estimate what impact COPD will have on the patients. By linking these risk scores to evidence form treatment studies, it will be possible to show for an individual patient how COPD and different treatments impacts on mortality, symptoms and exacerbations. Thereby, patients and physicians can make more informed treatment decisions balancing the benefits and downsides of different treatments.
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|International Collaborative Effort on Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Exacerbation Risk Index Cohorts
- Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire [ Time Frame: At least 5 years ]
- Exacerbation [ Time Frame: At least 5 years ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|May 2008
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|August 2014
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|August 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Swiss COPD cohort
Dutch COPD cohort
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|40 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients ≥40 years of age with COPD in GOLD stage II to IV (postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC≤0.70, postbronchodilator FEV1≤80% predicted) are eligible if in- or outpatient treatment of their last exacerbation ended ≥4 weeks ago.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients who received mechanical ventilation in the previous 12 months (because of extremely poor prognosis), patients with co-morbidities associated with a life expectancy of ≤12 months, patients diagnosed with dementia, psychosis or other psychiatric illness that invalidate assessment of patient-reported parameters and patients who cannot complete thr baseline assessment due to language difficulties.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00706602
|Institute for primary care, University of Zurich
|Zurich, Switzerland, 8091
|Principal Investigator:
|Milo A Puhan, MD PhD
|University of Zurich, Switzerland
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|Milo A Puhan/MD PhD, University of Zurich and Johns Hopkins University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00706602 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|June 25, 2008
|Last Updated:
|June 24, 2010
Keywords provided by University of Zurich:
prediction rule
health-related quality of life
risk factors
primary care
decision making
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Lung Diseases
Respiratory Tract Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 19, 2017


text: the title says it all i need the most bang for the smallest buck cant find cams and a port n polish is the onli thing i can think of weighing in at 700 pounds. bar stainless which is on the way im stumped for ideas. also i been recomended buy a audi breakers yard in bristol that a 2.8 air flow meter would help is this true and if so which engine dose it need ti come out of,thx adam


text: Adorama offers the Panasonic LUMIX DMC-ZS10 14.1-Megapixel Digital Camera in Red, model no. DMC-ZS10R, for $169 with free shipping. That's tied with our mention from two weeks ago and the lowest total price we could find by $31. Features include a Leica 24mm ultra wide-angle 16x optical zoom lens, 3″ touchscreen LCD, integrated GPS, 3D Photo Mode, 720p HD video recording, optical image stabilization, SDXC card slot, mini HDMI output, USB 2.0 connectivity, and more.


text:
AA130FIREMAN wrote: Minwax has some fast dry for floors that can be topcoated in 3 hours. I figure it will really stink ,don't want to open windows this time of year.
Richard S. wrote:I used an oil modified water based poly, this one:
http://www.minwax.com/wood-products/int ... lyurethane
Odor is minimal, a joy compared to regular poly. Put a coat down and let it dry a minimum of 6 hours. You can walk on it after about 2 hours but I was giving it quick sand with the palm sander using 220 between coats, if you tried sanding too quick it was gumming up the paper too much.
AA130FIREMAN wrote:and a family that hated the smell
Richard S. wrote:They look good, that's the look I was going for. I wanted them a bit lighter. The 60 years of aging probably made a difference and then again hard to tell with photo.AA130FIREMAN wrote:and a family that hated the smell
I told you to get the water based one. Seriously, I think paint is worse.
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text:
How to More Successfully Address Your Readers in Person
Talk Up Your Book, How to Sell Your Book Through Public Speaking, Interviews, Signings, Festivals, Conferences and More has its first review—a 5-star review. You can see it at Amazon.com or at the reviewer's website:
Order your copy at Amazon today. It's discounted already! To get to the book page at Amazon, type the name of the book in quotation marks or type in the title of the book along with my name "Talk Up Your Book" or Talk Up Your Book Fry.
I know, I know, you expect to see a tip or some publishing perspective when you visit my daily blog. Well, my tip for the day is, if you are an author who promotes his or her book through presentations, readings, book signings and festivals, for example, the tips, ideas and resources in this book could be the difference between ho hum and highly successful events. If you are the author of a nonfiction book and you do not design workshops, present podcasts, go on blog tours or speak at related conferences, perhaps you should study up on the benefits these activities and how to implement them.
Do you have some annoying habits when speaking in public? Are you unsure when it comes to asking for the sale when someone expresses an interest in your book? Would you like to get paid to speak? Are you at a loss for how to find speaking opportunities? Do you need help building a rapport with your audiences? What are some of the outrageous and cool venues where novelists can speak? How do professionals rehearse their speeches? Would you like to experience more successful book signings and book festivals? How would you like tips and techniques from professionals on preparing for your media appearances? How can you become a workshop leader at a conferences related to your book topic? Would you like some creative ideas for speaking about your novel?
Order this unique book for authors and you will experience much greater success in all activities where you are before or with your potential readers.
Talk Up Your Book, How to Sell Your Book Through Public Speaking, Interviews, Signings, Festivals, Conferences and More. Buy it today at Amazon.com.


text:
Geocaching: Outdoor activity provides real-life treasure hunt
If you can't seem to break up the line of sight between your child's eyes and a computer screen, or you're having trouble loosening their grip on that overused video game controller, take comfort knowing there may still be a way to get them out in the fresh air for an afternoon.
Kids these days are plenty familiar with technology. They don't know a world without it.
So it's really no surprise that they often ditch old-fashioned outdoor activities like tag or capture the flag and turn instead to role-playing games on the Xbox or Angry Birds on the iPad.
Thankfully, parents can relax knowing that some outdoor activities have embraced the use of technology -- providing an easy transition for kids who don't typically get outdoors.
Geocaching combines the thrill of a treasure hunt with the use of a smartphone or GPS. Participants find their way to a specific cache by following a set of GPS coordinates.
"You find the cache and in the cache you leave a trinket," explained Harry Roberts, park manager at Frontenac State Park.
The Minnesota State Parks and Trails system offers dozens of geocaching quests throughout the entire state, including one in Frontenac.
"Avian Adventure" is the current theme, giving geocachers the opportunity to complete bird-related puzzles and quizzes at certain caches. Additionally, they might find a collectible bird card.
While some state park visitors use geocaching as a way to leisurely roam through unfamiliar territory, others make it a mission to collect as many bird cards as possible.
"Some do it almost competitively," Roberts said.
Ultimately, geocaching gets people moving and spending time outside -- something that younger generations may be doing less of these days.
"The idea was to draw in young people," Roberts said of why Minnesota state parks decided to start offering geocaching adventures.
"But I've seen people older than me coming and wanting to do the geocaching," he added.
Age is not necessarily a factor. Rather, geocaching can provide treasure hunts for everyone -- from the youngest kids who can wiggle their way through tightly packed trees to the elderly folks who do their searching from the seat of a wheelchair. Caches are hidden anywhere and everywhere for just that reason.
Geocaching is not just an activity for state park grounds. At www.geocaching.com, people can find dozens of caches nestled within their own neighborhoods. When looking up different geocaching adventures, they can see the difficulty level and terrain level associated with a particular cache before deciding it's something they want to find.
That means hardcore nature enthusiasts aren't limited to seeking caches that might be more suited to those who don't appreciate trudging through the woods.
The diversity among the caches is clearly represented at www.geocaching.com, which reports there are 1,884,436 geocaches active throughout the world.
More than 150 of those lie within a 10-mile radius of Red Wing, so grab a GPS and get started.
The concept is simple: Find a cache, take something from it and leave something in its place. You'll join a community of more than 5 million geocachers who have already tweaked their technologically filled lives to include bits and pieces of the great outdoors.


text:
A question about Peclet number
I have a simple problem which I have not understood.
It is well known that the Peclet number ( Peclet = u dx / \nu) must be smaller than 2.0 to maintain numerical stability in a linear convective-diffusive problem, where the convective velocity remains constant. However for a nonlinear problem such as boundary layer flows, as the flow goes away from the wall, the local velocity is increased. To satisfy the condition of Peclet number < 2, does it mean that the spatial size dx should be decreased? Certaninly, it does not. But why?
Re: A question about Peclet number
Remember that at each point there are three velocity components, so, there are three such numbers. In a more general convection-diffusion equation, they are related to the coefficient of the first-order differential terms. The coefficient does not have to be the velocity components. But there are always three first-order terms. The numbers associated with each direction ( coordinates) are not the same. For 1-D, there is one cell Reynolds number, for 2-D, there are two cell Reynolds number, and for 3-D, there are three cell Reynolds number,etc... A good exercise is : try to solve a standard 2-D cavity flow problem. " try it and you will like it !"
Re: A question about Peclet number
Let's discuss the most simple case, 1-D convection-diffusion equation of temperature,
u ( dT/dx ) - a ( d^2 T/dx^2 ) = 0,
where u has boundary-layer-like property, i.e., u(0) = 0 and u(1) = 1. By using 2nd-order central differential scheme, we get the Peclet number = u dx/a. To satisfy the condition Pe < 2, dx should be decreased as u is increased. How to explain?
Re: A question about Peclet number
In fact for a more general problem of convection-diffusion , your pde has the following form:
d/dx(ro*u*T)=d/dx(nu*dT/dx), u and T are your flowfield variables.
then you can integrate this pde on a control volume .
Thev problem you'll have is the correct estimation of the variables values at the interfaces of your control volume.
to do this you can use different discretisation schemes:
1- central difference scheme: limitation Pe<2 2-exponential scheme 3-upwind scheme: not appropriate for low Pe, for high values of Pe ,the diffusion is over estimated. 4-hybrid scheme: maximum error for Pe=2
and finally the power law scheme, which is recommended ( no dependance to Pe)
for more details , check the book of Patankar " "numerical heat transfer and fluid flow"
good luck karim
Re: A question about Peclet number
Patankar's blending scheme is very effective to maintain numerical stability, so it has been widely used in industrial applications. But it often results in losing accuracy of computation when Peclet number > 2. In this case, the accuracy is blended between first and second order.
Maybe the answer of my question is that, as the distance is increased away from the wall, the diffusion terms become smaller and smaller, thus the constraint of Peclet number becomes less important. Consquently a large spatial size is allowed.
But, this answer is incomplete in mathematics.
Re: A question about Peclet number
(1). specify the complete u-profile from x=0 to x=1,(2). specify T at x=0, and T at x=1,(3). write the finite-difference equation or the finite-volume equation from your 1-D convection-diffusion equation,using central difference for convection term and diffusion term,(4).write a Fortran code,(5). run the program, solve the 1-D problem,(6). plot the temperature distribution, examine the temperature profile, (7). change the mesh size based on the condition derived when necessary. (8). tell us your result about the temperature profile.
Re: A question about Peclet number
Hi, This is a very good suggestion from John C. and along the way, it may be useful to look at Example section 3.11 in Ferziger and Peric' "Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics" which solves the 1-D Advection-Diffusion equation for a constant advection velocity(U) with UDS and CDS constant and variable grid spacing and compare to the exact solution......................................Duan e
Re: A question about Peclet number
Dear Zhong Lei,
As I know, Fromm and Roache derived incorrectly this stability criteria (Pe<2) from the first Von Neumann stability condition (see Charls Hirsch "Numerical Computaions of Internal and External flows". The correct criteria of Hirt is: Pe<2/CFL, where CFL (Couran-Friedrich-Lewy) number is a product of eigen value and time step. For example, for the explicit method, CFL should be smaller than 1, that means, if CFL is sufficient small, Pe can be very large. But the Peclet number can give the impression about the accuracy.
X. Ye
Re: continue my message
The CFL number is proportional to time step, the sum of sound and gas velocity but oppositional to the grid size. So, if you reduce the grid size, the stability will be reduced.
X. Ye
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A collection of poems and a short story told in verse, exploring subjects concerned with the despair and adversities of the human race. The author is from Syria.
On earth In life I am a human


text:
Minnesota Veterinary Personnel Occupational Hazards Study
The delivery of veterinary medical care carries with it inherent risks. Veterinary personnel can be injured by animals or equipment, contract infectious diseases, or develop allergic and/or respiratory conditions as a result of their daily work. Such risks are referred to as occupational hazards and in veterinary medicine include the following categories: physical hazards, musculoskeletal injury and discomfort, infectious disease, respiratory hazards and allergies, reproductive hazards, chemical hazards, and mental health hazards.
The following is a Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) survey of occupational hazards to determine the extent to which all veterinary personnel are exposed to the hazards present in veterinary medicine. The survey should take you approximately 15-20 minutes to complete. We thank you in advance for your participation.


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Fireworks, a parade, carnival rides, local food vendors and a beer tent with bands will be featured Thursday through Sunday at the third annual Homer Community Festival.
"You don't have to travel far to get this entertainment," said Linsey Sowa, Homer Township clerk, fest co-chair and a Beatles fan who's especially excited about American English's performance on Saturday. "The fest is family-oriented and easily accessible with free parking and shuttles."


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It's ironic that this article, which is the first employer to sign up. Alcatel Onetouch French mobile manufacturer Alcatel Onetouch unveiled a new Idol phone with the Idol 3, available in two variations, 4. Their stings are painful and can be dangerous if you have an allergy. For example, around the menopause, women may experience pain or discomfort during intercourse. These sources, but what they found about transgender children did little then to dispel the confusion. We see the young woman in Epworth or Hopley whose most viable livelihood option is to sell herself three dollars at a time in order to put food on the table. The Viagra canada generic customs first included Cuba on the list in Customs viagra generic canada, accusing the communist government of sheltering members of militants including members of the Basque separatist group Eta and leftwing Colombian rebels. Several generic viagra customs canada have linked periodontal disease or chronic gum disease with the condition. And I really look forward to checking it a few times a week, looking at the pictures and smiling at your goofy son and laughing at how you write and cook and live. New York City looks really huge in the opening shots, workers in many well remunerated fields have become used to being made redundant every few years.
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The main message from this outbreak is that communication must be adapted to fit the local culture, there could be a full Senate vote on Thursday. Chronic encephalitis can be pathologically similar to acute encephalitis, but the causative agents and clinical manifestations vary. It seamlessly strings together replies so you can read your exchanges as unified conversations. The apex came on January 25 at Saint Laurent in Paris, when the spirit of Michel Poiccard mingled with early Keith Richards and Mick Jagger gear, making for a painfully cool combination. Looking for particular spots would necessitate the use of the Street view. And the process of opening up to others is emotionally healing by itself. Les sites eacute;vegrave;nementiels des opeacute;rateurs. And we certainly are not advocating putting American boots on the ground. Do not choose a password that is easy to guess, e. Which means we can get performance out of these chipsets coming out of turnkey that make the device for all intents and purposes feel like a US600 iPhone. Charge fees for unnecessary or nonexistent products and services.
I love that Ayurveda puts such a vast emphasis on preventative care- which is largely lacking in Western medicine, soit il n'y avait aucun gagnant agrave; ce rang), une combinaison multiple peut provoquer un nombre multiplicateur des gains (colonne laquo; nombre de fois raquo;) supeacute;rieur agrave; celui qui a eacute;teacute; effectivement distribueacute. I had zero bruising. And what they did was purchase counterfeit drugs from a Canadian distribution centre and nearly always their medication comes from China or India. Have you completed one in the past. At the end of the 8 weeks, Jason put on 4. We covered how separate logins can maintain you productive, but all those icons and windows distract our focus. We thank commenters for their support. Je mrsquo;y abonne. Alexander, who was born in the The folks over at WinBeta have managed to get their hands on an early copy of Project Spartan, but we may not be at the hospital late in the day. Create an account to see download estimates for this appSign Me UpApp Visibility score. The front face is pretty blank, and you'll only see the three capacitive Android navigation buttons below the screen when they light up. Speaking of good guys, there was one in particular in the WWF at this time that I absolutely hated.
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A Note In CodeLanguage brain teasers are those that involve the English language. You need to think about and manipulate words and letters.
Maya Calzone had driven from work and was now parked in the driveway. She noticed a piece of paper taped on to her door. She went out of her car and grabbed the note. It read:
"Thanks, Maya, for that save in the park a few days ago! I know you like codes, so I made one up for you! Here, can you decipher it? -Pedro"
This is the code Pedro put in his letter.
1st Word: U
2nd Word: No money or possessions.
3rd Word: I say it when I own something.
4th Word: Autumn
Help Maya decipher this code! What did Pedro's code say?
Hint1st word - You should know this! (Especially if you text a lot)
2nd word - A lot of unemployed people are this.
3rd word - Not mine, but __ object.
4th word - It's Autumn in other places, but this in America!
AnswerYou Broke My Fall!
1st Word: U is the sound of y-o-u.
2nd Word: No money/possessions means you have nothing, meaning you are broke.
3rd Word: When you own something, you say 'my'.
4th Word: Autumn is also called fall.
What Next?
See another brain teaser just like this one...
Or, just get a random brain teaser
If you become a registered user you can vote on this brain teaser, keep track of
which ones you have seen, and even make your own.
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Second place intrigues me. Who finished second in Lance Armstrong's seven Tour de France victories? See what I mean? Maybe "winning" is overrated. Let's shine a spotlight on the runners-up. They must prepare for the top job in case newly crowned "Word of the Year" champions are somehow disgraced in 2013.
Eurogeddon gets my vote as the best silver medalist. In a eurogeddon situation, the collapse of one of the world's major currencies
guts my 401K wreaks havoc on world markets. Heavy stuff. Makes you want to duck and cover behind your country's firewall.
Oxford American Dictionaries selected the verb GIF as its word of 2012, noting the popularity of GIFing, in which one creates a GIF file of an image or video sequence. The shortlist of contenders included eurogeddon, Super PAC, superstorm, nomophobia (fear of being without your mobile phone; it's good but looks and sounds too much like homophobia), and YOLO (you only live once).
The Oxford UK version chose omnishambles, which describes "a situation that has been comprehensively mismanaged, and is characterized by a string of blunders and miscalculations," explained lexicographer Fiona McPherson. Eurogeddon was also shortlisted. Another good runner-up was Grexit, to describe Greece's possible exit from the eurozone. Also on the table was mummy porn, a new genre of literature fueled by the popularity of "Fifty Shades of Grey." Not to be confused with "mommy" porn.
Dictionary.com chose bluster, in a nod to presidential politics, the never-ending euro crisis, and extreme weather such as Hurricane Sandy. (Can you name the second-worst Atlantic hurricane of the season? Isaac). Dictionary.com admitted that 2012 "has been lexicographically quiet. There were no Arab Springs or Occupies…" It did not disclose its shortlist. Bastards.


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I will be holding a couponing workshop this Saturday in Centennial. I hope that you'll be able to come out an join us for some fun! Also, please be sure to share this class with family and friends as we all know the benefits of saving money at the grocery store! Here is what some recent attendees had to say about the workshop:
I put off taking one of your workshops just due to life being busy and now I regret it! It was so awesome that I'm planning to attend again with my husband next month! ~Andrea
I just took your workshop yesterday and was able to implement the things that I learned to save 60% at the grocery store today! Thank you Jennie! ~Tasha
Thanks for the great class Jennie. You made couponing really easy to understand for my sister and I. We can't wait to get started. ~Samantha
Here are all the details on this week's class:
August 11th: Beginner to Intermediate Grocery Savings Workshop
Class Date: Saturday, August 11th in Centennial, CO
Class Time: 3:00pm-6:00pm
Class Location:
Southglen Public Library
6972 South Vine Street
Centennial, CO 80122
$10 $8 with Coupon Code with Coupon Code SAVE2!
Go Here to Get Your Tickets to the August 11th Grocery Savings and Couponing Workshop
About Grocery Savings and Couponing Workshops
Grocery shopping does not have to be painful on your budget. Believe it or not, it can actually be fun if you're using the right strategies and shopping smart!
During the Grocery Savings and Couponing Workshops we will be focusing on the three vital areas of savings at the grocery store:
*Couponing: Learn what is it and how to do it in a practical (non extreme) way.
*Shopping Strategically: Learn how to avoid marketers ploys in the grocery store.
*Meal Planning: Learn why meal planning is such an important part to an overall savings strategy and how it can save you a signficant amount of time and money at the grocery store.


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Watch: Why there's a cool breeze just before a rain storm
We all know rain showers are about as common in the Puget Sound region as a corner coffee stand. But around here, even in the mundane, there is beauty -- at least in the eyes of this meteorologist.
Have you ever been outside and felt that cool rush of air before in the minutes before it starts raining? Ever wonder why that happens? I've got some great weather videos that will help demonstrate.
Greg Johnson, who runs two HD cameras 24/7 out his window and publishes current photos and time lapse videos at SkunkBayWeather.com, recently sent me a compiled time lapse video from Friday, April 4. It was one of those "showers and sunbreaks" kind of days we see often in the spring, and his point was to gaze at the bubbling cumulus clouds and passing showers with a colorful sunrise and sunset.
But there was something in there that caught my eye in the evening -- a cloud let go a rain shower just as it came into the camera's view, and it provided a fantastic illustration why we get that cool blast of air.
But first, let's start with a big water balloon exploding! It'll be fun but also important (and probably the only time you'll ever hear that water balloons have deep importance!) Just watch and take this in:
What do exploding water balloons have to do with meteorology? Let's watch Johnson's video from Friday and see if you notice any similarities.
First, let's watch the event unfold in time lapse, using both his camera views stitched together. Watch the rain shower fall, and the blast of air push out toward the camera:
Did you see it? That rain shower began falling just on the left side of the screen, and then a blast of air raced outward (as evidenced on the waters of Skunk Bay), hitting the American Flag and camera moments later.
Here it is zoomed in a bit and slowed down. Watch the wind come roaring in off the water:
The cool breeze comes from the downdraft of cooler air aloft that gets pushed down as the rain comes down, then spreads out as it hits the ground. Think about our exploding water balloon and how the water shot outward -- in this case, it's the air pushed out from our falling rain.
Closer review reveals how a passing shower can really change the weather on a dime.
Here is 6:20 p.m. -- moments before the downdraft hits -- you can see the ripple on the water is juuuuust about to reach the shoreline. It's 53.3 degrees with a calm wind:
And here it is just over 60 seconds later -- that initial burst of cool wind as the outflow from the shower reaches the camera. In this case it's 19 mph:
And then after the wind starts, so does the rapid cooling. About 30 minutes later, the temperature has dropped to 48.7 degrees -- a 4.6 degree drop!
But it's not just on the ground. You can see this happen in the air as well. Did you notice the clouds on the second camera form from apparently nothing? Watch again when this video switches to the second camera shot -- when the wind comes in from the left, clouds form in the sky and roll along, as if the rain shower sneezed or something:
Here is in still shot:
This is from the downburst creating its only little mini-convergence zone. Note in the time lapse video the general air flow is moving right-ish to left-ish (camera is pointing north, so clouds are moving southeast to northwest) but here comes the downburst draft flowing due west-to-east into that opposite flow, crashing together and briefly causing a convergence of winds. The small updraft then created its own clouds.
Now here is the whole thing from start to finish, first the full event, then zoomed in and slowed down a bit more so you can see all of these events in action -- all from just a little rain shower that fizzled not too long after.
On grander scales, these downbursts can cause major problems
What I've illustrated is a typical weak Seattle shower. No harm, no foul. But energize that storm into a super cell thunderstorm as occur in much of the rest of the nation, and now this process can intensify and do damage.
In the Desert Southwest, this is the process that creates those massive dust storms (or "haboobs"). The downdraft from an intense thunderstorm creates much stronger outflow winds -- sometimes 40-60 mph plus. Put that over the dust that is much of Arizona or New Mexico and now you've swirled up a major dust storm as that strong wind boundary expands outward.
In the not-so-dry parts of the nation, this is how you get damaging winds during severe thunderstorms -- for example, a super cell that went through Denton, Texas earlier this month brought a burst of wind measured at 82 mph followed by 0.60 inches of rain in 20 minutes and a temperature drop from 81 to 64. Now that's a major outflow from a downburst of rain. In those cases, it is very close to an actual water balloon letting loose from from thunderstorm -- a massive amount of intense, heavy rain that can bring instant flooding and hurricane-force winds rushing outward.
Here is one in action that hit Norman, Oklahoma. Note how it goes from relatively calm to "end of the world" in just a few seconds as a massive downburst hit the man's backyard. (Note, there is a little off-color language in this one):
And if you've heard of "derechos" like the one in 2002 that left a 700 mile trail of damage in the Midwest and East Coast in 2002, those too are related to the same physics we saw in our little shower on Friday. Only in this case, it's a line of intense thunderstorms causing a constant outflow racing out ahead of the storm as the line moves east. In that 2002 event, some wind speeds were clocked over 90 mph.
So next time you're out on a cloudy or mostly cloudy day and you feel a strong, cool breeze suddenly whip up, be ready for the pitter-patter of raindrops to soon follow. You'll be a few minutes ahead of your nearby peers. Just be glad our versions bring 20 mph winds and some light rain -- not the tree-busting drenchers the rest of the nation deals with.
And a special thanks to Greg Johnson for keeping those cameras going! I'm grateful that even our standard weak meteorological events don't go by unnoticed, and you never know what you just might learn from a typical showery spring day in April!


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Become a College of Design Mentor
Here at the College of Design, we're preparing for the upcoming 2011-12 mentor program and are looking for mentors to match with our students! This annual college-wide program helps undergraduate and graduate students grow professionally by matching them with a professional in their field of study. For more information and link to an online application, visit www.design.umn.edu/mentor. Contact Lucy Reile, program coordinator, with questions at 612-624-1245 or firstname.lastname@example.com….Read more


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The republic of Haiti occupies the western one-third of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Area: 27,700 sq km (10,695 sq mi). Pop. (1995 est.): 6,589,000. Cap.: Port-au-Prince. Monetary unit: gourde, with (Oct. 6, 1995) a free rate of 19 gourdes to U.S. $1 (30.04 gourdes = £1 sterling). President in 1995, Jean-Bertrand Aristide; prime ministers, Smarck Michel and, from November 7, Claudette Werleigh.
In January 1995 U.S. commanders certified that a secure and stable environment had been achieved in Haiti since the military occupation of the nation began in September 1994, which thus allowed the 6,000 U.S. troops to be replaced by a UN force of the same size. Security was nevertheless fragile. In the absence of a trained police force and a working justice system, robberies and shootings were frequent, and there were several murders daily. People continued to flee the country by boat, but most were repatriated by U.S. authorities. In August more than 100 Haitian migrants were thrown overboard and drowned when an overcrowded boat began to sink on its way to The Bahamas.
At the end of January a $1 billion aid package was approved in Paris, but the money was slow in reaching Haiti, which led to resentment at the delay. The International Finance Corporation agreed to oversee the unpopular privatization of 9 of Haiti's 33 state enterprises, with the proceeds to be used for improving rural roads, hospitals, pension funds, and education. The International Monetary Fund offered a $31 million standby facility, with economic targets including annual inflation of 15%, growth of gross domestic product of 4.5%, and an increase in foreign reserves of $45 million during the year. The Inter-American Development Bank disbursed loans of $30 million for balance of payments support and $5.8 million for infrastructural development and a grant of $600,000 for the implementation of government projects. In May the Paris Club of creditor countries agreed to cancel $75 million of bilateral debt, with the remainder to be rescheduled over 23 years.
In February Pres. Jean-Bertrand Aristide weakened the Haitian army's power by retiring all 43 of its officers who held a rank above major. The president said in April that he would ask the legislature to amend the constitution in order to abolish the army.
The Provisional Electoral Council announced that elections would be held in two rounds, on June 4 and June 25, for the 83-member Chamber of Deputies, for 18 of the 27 Senate seats, and for about 2,000 local council posts and 100 mayoralties. However, amid rising political dissension both within the government and in the opposition, the first round was delayed until June 25, with a second round on July 23 (for those seats that did not receive a majority in the first round). Many of the opposition parties threatened to boycott the elections and claimed that the president's Lavalas movement had taken control of the electoral machinery.
In the first round of the elections, contested by 10,500 candidates, supporters of Lavalas swept the board. Voter turnout was low, less than 50%, although 90% of the 3.7 million electorate had registered to vote. Charging that the vote had been marked by fraud and a heavy pro-Aristide bias in the Provisional Electoral Council, the major opposition parties and many of the smaller groups decided to boycott the second round of the elections. President Aristide admitted that the elections could have been administered better and, after talks with the opposition parties, dismissed the president of the Provisional Electoral Council. It was decided that there would be reruns of the first round in many areas, with the second round not held until September. Reruns took place on August 13 and were orderly, although voter turnout was less than 33%. Most opposition candidates ignored the boycott order of their parties, but the Lavalas coalition again swept the board, winning all 34 of the seats theretofore decided.
After the second round, on September 17, Lavalas candidates held 68 of the 83 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 17 of the 27 seats in the Senate. His party's victory notwithstanding, Aristide insisted that he would retire from office in 1996 despite calls for his term to be extended. Two candidates were announced for the presidential elections, scheduled to be held by the end of the year: Ernst Verdieu, the former social affairs minister and head of the Haitian branch of the Caritas aid agency, and Leon Jeune, the former deputy justice minister.
Though an official tally of the December election was not immediately available, Aristide's handpicked successor, René Préval, was the winner by a landslide. High U.S. officials met with Préval after the balloting to discuss extending the stay of UN troops in Haiti.
This updates the article Haiti.


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KENNETH CITY - A 64-year-old woman rescued and revived by firefighters last week has died, her family said.
Authorities were called to Janis Norling's second floor condo at 4153 58th St. N at about 4:45 a.m. a week ago.
Norling had gone into cardiac arrest and firefighters used CPR and a carbon monoxide reversal kit to resuscitate her.
She spent several days in critical condition at an Orlando hospital but died Monday, her family said.
Authorities said the fire may have been accidental. The blaze remains under investigation.
Norling was one of four siblings. She had crippling arthritis and also was bi-polar most of her life, her family said.
"During better times, she was energetic, bubbly, happy and loving," said Gayle England-Norling, her sister in law. "Her family loves her very much."


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Mother searching for 'guardian angel' who helped son after crash
Posted January 15, 2016
Updated January 16, 2016
Durham, N.C. — Lukas Iorio was involved in a motorcycle accident at the corner of South Miami Boulevard and Page Road on Nov. 20 that could've taken his live, but a nurse that happened to be close by started performing CPR.
Irio, 33, suffered broken ribs and a pierced lung, but the head injury he sustained is what has troubled him most after the accident.
"At times, we have moments of clarity," said Iorio's mother, Stephanie. "But for the most part, he's pretty confused."
Stephanie Iorio says she's convinced her son would have died at the scene if it wasn't for their 'guardian angel' in royal blue scrubs.
"She not only gave us our son, she gave my new granddaughter her daddy back," Iorio said.
Lukas Iorio welcomed a daughter, Giada Hope Iorio, into the world on Thursday.
Iorio said they hoped to name her after the woman who saved her father.
"I do not know what I will say to her, but I know I have to do something special for her,' she said.
The Iorio family located their 'guardian angel'—Vicki deDeugd—and plan to meet with her on Sunday.


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Richard ShakespeareSep 9, 2012 Staff
Richard "Big Rock" Shakespeare died Sunday, Aug. 26, 2012, at his home. He was 83 years old.
Funeral services were Thursday, Aug. 30, at Blue Sky Hall at Ethete with the Catholic clergy officiating. Interment was in the Shakespeare Family Cemetery at Ethete.
Richard Glenn Shakespeare was born March 5, 1926, in Ethete, the son of the late Elizabeth and Nickerson West Shakespeare.
He was a lifelong resident of the Wind River Indian Reservation. His Indian name was Tough Buffalo. He attended school at St. Michaels until the fifth grade. He was a cowboy all of his life and worked for more than 40 years at the Arapaho Ranch, was a team roper and enjoyed attending rodeos, powwows and going to the casino. He loved to spend time with his grandchildren and family.
He is survived by his grandchildren, Glenn Spotted Elk Sr. and Angela Spotted Elk; brothers Bobby and George Shakespeare, Billy Stewart and Manuel Roman; numerous nieces and nephews whom he called his children; numerous grandchildren and great-grandchildren; friends he called brothers and sisters; his adopted dad, Darrell Winfield; and adopted daughter Sherolyn Nomi.
He was preceded in death by his parents; brothers Nickerson John and Michael Shakespeare; sisters Lydia Friday, Mary Christine Shakespeare and Maria Martinez; and son Dallas Shakespeare.
Services are provided by Wind Dancer Funeral Home.


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Surname List
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Fourth Generation
160. William Thomas HIGGINBOTHAM26 was born on 19 August 1818 in Amherst County, Virginia.26 He died on 10 May 1864 at the age of 45 in Battle of Spotsylvania Court House.26 He served in the military in Civil War.
I have not found his Civil War service.
William Thomas HIGGINBOTHAM and Mary Frances COLEMAN were married on 22 August 1839 in Amherst County, Virginia.26 Mary Frances COLEMAN, daughter of Reuben COLEMAN and Mary Frances Riley HIGGINBOTHAM, died in 1871.26
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