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Photo Flash: Broadway's Best in Drag to Benefit AIDS
Check below for photos from Broadway's Best in Drag, which took place on June 9. PIPPIN's Charlotte d'Amboise and Terrance Mann hosted the event with Robert La Fosse to benefit AIDS Service Center NYC. Broadway's Best in Drag took place at The Abrons Art Center.
Broadway's Best in Drag directly benefits ASCNYC and people living with HIV and other chronic illnesses by providing peer education services, meals, clothes, transportation, housing placement assistance, and connection to healthcare.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you are interested in participating in a clinical trial, a good first step is to talk with your doctor. New clinical trials are being created constantly. There are a number of organizations that list open clinical trials. This helps people interested in joining a trial find one that may be appropriate for them. Remember to talk with your doctor for more information about any of the clinical trials you find.
General clinical trial listings
The organizations listed below in alphabetical order offer free, searchable listings of cancer clinical trials. Please note that if you select one of these websites, you will leave Cancer.Net. Other organizations that offer such search engines include individual medical/cancer centers, pharmaceutical companies, and patient advocacy organizations.
Center for Information and Study on Clinical Research Participation (CISCRP). The staff at CISCRP will search clinical trials for you for free. Just call the toll-free number or fill out the online form to request their help. They will send you the contact information for research studies by e-mail or regular mail.
CenterWatch. CenterWatch provides information on clinical trials, including a database with thousands of open clinical trials.
ClinicalTrials.gov. This database of publicly and privately supported clinical trials is maintained by the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It provides information on thousands of studies involving patients that are researching a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including cancer, in all 50 states and multiple countries.
Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups. This organization provides resources and information about clinical trials, including the ability to search for clinical trials. Patients can also talk with a specialist to help them find a clinical trial.
EmergingMed Navigator. EmergingMed offers a phone and Internet-based service that identifies clinical trial options that match a patient's specific diagnosis, stage, and treatment history. Clinical trial specialists provide telephone support upon request to help connect eligible patients with IRB-approved study sites that are enrolling new participants.
National Cancer Institute (NCI) Clinical Trials: The NCI, part of the NIH, is the federal agency that provides funding for most U.S. cancer clinical trials. This comprehensive site provides information on both open and closed cancer clinical trials that are sponsored or supported by NCI. You can also search for NCI-supported clinical trials online.
World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal. The WHO coordinates health matters within the United Nations. This database allows people to search clinical trial registration information from many countries' registries.
Disease-specific listings
The organizations listed in alphabetical order by disease type below provide clinical trials listings and other study opportunities for a specific type of cancer.
BreastCancerTrials.org. This is a not-for-profit online service that helps users to find breast cancer-specific clinical trials that might be right for them. The site offers study summaries, a way for users to share their online health history with research sites, and an alert service that notifies users of recently added clinical trials. It also offers Metastatic Trial Search, which allows people to search for clinical trials specifically for metastatic breast cancer.
MBCproject.org. The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project website allows people diagnosed with this stage of the disease to join in a research study aimed at learning more about it and finding new treatment approaches. This project was highlighted at the 2016 ASCO Annual Meeting.
The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. By calling a toll-free number, clinical trial specialists at the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society can provide a list of possible clinical trials for blood cancers based on each patient's specific medical and personal situation.
LungMATCH. This service of the Lung Cancer Alliance provides personalized assistance, via a toll-free phone number or an online program, for people with lung cancer to find available clinical trials, including those based on molecular testing of their tumor type.
Support for People with Oral and Head and Neck Cancer (SPOHNC). SPOHNC provides information and support for people with oral or head and neck cancers. They also provide a Clinical Trial Navigation Service to help patients find clinical trials specific to their diagnosis. By calling a toll-free number, the Clinical Trial Navigators at SPOHNC will help guide you to appropriate clinical trials.
Pancreatic Cancer Action Network. This organization provides comprehensive and free information for people with pancreatic cancer. Through their online Clinical Trial Finder, patients can search for open clinical trials specifically for pancreatic cancer.
If you know of a correction or additional to the information provided here, please email firstname.lastname@example.com.
More Information
Deciding to Participate in a Clinical Trial
PRE-ACT: Preparatory Education About Clinical Trials


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Offshore Services Lawyers and Law Firms in Philippines
Offshore Services Firms in Philippines by City
Offshore Services Lawyers in Philippines
Law Offices of Susan V. Perez
San Diego Immigration Attorney+63 (02) 6872565
Law Offices of Susan V. Perez is a multi-lingual law firm providing a variety of legal services. The firm assists clients with immigration matters such as obtaining green cards and U.S. citizenship as well as immigrant and nonimmigrant visas, bringing their relatives into the United...
Law Firm's Overview ArticlesFree ConsultationCredit Cards
Sicangco & Sicangco Law Offices
Full-Service Law Firm in Makati City, Philippines+63 (2) 813-4967
Sicangco & Sicangco Law Offices is located in Makati City, Philippines and offers a range of legal representation and counsel to families, businesses, and individuals. Legal practices and services encompass corporate and commercial law, banking and finance, mergers and acquisitions,...
Law Firm's Overview
Albert Santillan & Meneses Law OfficesMakati City, Philippines
Intellectual Property Law Firm and Legal Process Support Services (LPO)+63 2 8308691
Calangi Law OfficeMakati City, Philippines
Domestic and International Business and Commercial Law Firm+63 (2) 5177517
M.A. Erlinda Calangi Law in the Philippines provides general corporate services to clients in the country and around the world. The firm helps companies restructure, acquire other businesses and other work relating to doing business in the country. For years, the firm has helped clients know the...
Co Ferrer & Ang-Co Law OfficesManila, Philippines
Full-Service Firm specializing in Corporate Investments, Patents, Trademarks, Tax, Litigation, IT+632 584-1026 / 27
Dulay Pagunsan & Ty Law Offices (DPT Law)Manila, Philippines
A Boutique Business Law Firm in Metro Manila+63 2 6338722
Since its formation more than two decades ago, DPTLAW has been known as the premier boutique law firm in the Philippines. We are highly regarded in each of our practice areas and our lawyers are recognized for their intense dedication to our clients' cause. We are not, and do not aim to be, the...
Gregorio Nunag & Partners Law OfficesManila, Philippines
Corporate, Commercial & Intellectual Property Law Firm in the Philippines+63 9204668624
GREGORIO NUNAG & PARTNERS Law Offices (GN&P Law) is a law practice in the Philippines with a passion for intellectual property (IP) management, protection, enforcement, disputes resolution, commercialization and strategy combined with practical approaches to allied corporate and commercial law...
Joel Navarro & Charlie RojoMalolos, Philippines044-7914696
The firm was established by Joel Navarro and Charlie Rojo after passing the bar in the year 2000.
Law Office of Atty. Homer S. AlinsugBaguio City, Philippines
Full Service Philippine Law Firm+63 922 9381705
Experienced Philippine lawyer with extensive experience in all aspects of corporate law, with focus on setting up of corporations and legal and business advice during the start up stages of the corporation, assisting foreign investors and multinational companies in their investment and...
Ocampo & Manalo Law FirmMakati City, Philippines
Makati, Philippines Corporate, Aviation, Immigration, IT, Estate Planning & Labor Law Attorneys+63 27518889
Ocampo & Manalo was established in 1997. It is a full service law firm which for the last six years has been cited by Asia Pacific Legal 500, Asia Law and World Law as among the leading commercial law firms in the country. ; Our services encompass the fields of commercial law and litigation, as...
RRV Legal Consultancy FirmQuezon City, Philippines
Legal Services in Philippines+63 2 4112065
RRV LEGAL CONSULTANCY FIRM was founded and currently managed by Atty. Redemberto R. Villanueva. ; The firm's client base is wide and diverse - majority of clients are referrals by current and inactive clients. RRV Legal is a result oriented firm.
Sison and Azarcon Law OfficesMakati City, Philippines
Wide Range of Legal Services+63 2 8945015
TLCM Law FirmCebu City, Philippines
Cebu Philippines Lawyer, Foreign Investment, Business Incorporation and Law Firm in the Philippines,+63 32 268 0611
TLCM LAW FIRM is a duly-registered professional partnership engaged in the practice of law in the Republic of the Philippines. Its mission is to provide comprehensive, innovative, quality and cost-efficient legal services tailored to the unique needs of its clients. For each case, problem or...


text: Treatment By Mayo Clinic Staff Print The goal of treating astigmatism is to improve vision clarity and eye comfort. Treatments are corrective lenses or refractive surgery. Corrective lensesWearing corrective lenses treats astigmatism by counteracting uneven curvatures of your cornea and lens. Types of corrective lenses include: Eyeglasses. Eyeglasses are made with lenses that help compensate for the uneven shape of your eye. The lenses make the light bend into your eye properly. Eyeglasses can also correct for other refractive errors, such as nearsightedness or farsightedness. Contact lenses. Like eyeglasses, contact lenses can correct most astigmatism. They are available in a variety of types and styles, including disposable soft; extended wear; rigid, gas permeable; and bifocal. Contact lenses are also used in a procedure called orthokeratology. In orthokeratology, you wear rigid contact lenses for several hours a day until the curvature of your eye evens out. Then you wear the lenses less frequently to maintain the new shape. If you discontinue this treatment, your eyes return to their former shape. Wearing contact lenses for extended periods of time increases the risk of infection in the eye. Ask your eye doctor about the pros and cons and risks of contact lenses and what might be best for you. Refractive surgeryRefractive surgery improves vision and reduces the need for eyeglasses or contact lenses. Your eye surgeon uses a laser beam to reshape the curves of the cornea, which corrects the refractive error. Before surgery, doctors will evaluate you and determine if you're a candidate for refractive surgery. Types of refractive surgery for astigmatism include: Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). With this procedure, your eye surgeon makes a thin, hinged flap in your cornea. He or she uses an excimer laser to sculpt the shape of the cornea and then repositions the flap. Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK). Instead of creating a flap in the cornea, the surgeon loosens the cornea's thin protective cover (epithelium) with a special alcohol. He or she uses an excimer laser to change the curvature of the cornea and then repositions the loosened epithelium. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). This procedure is similar to LASEK, except the surgeon removes the epithelium. It will grow back naturally, conforming to your cornea's new shape. You may need to wear a bandage contact lens for a few days after surgery. Epi-LASIK. This is a variation of LASEK. Your doctor uses a special mechanized blunt blade — instead of the alcohol — to separate a very thin sheet of epithelium. He or she then uses an excimer laser to reshape the cornea and repositions the epithelium. Other newer refractive surgeries include clear lens extraction and implantable contact lenses. There is no one best method for refractive surgery, and the decision should only be made after a complete evaluation and thorough discussion with your surgeon. Some of the possible complications that can occur after refractive surgery include: Undercorrection or overcorrection of your initial problem Visual side effects, such as a halo or starburst appearing around lights Dry eye Infection Corneal scarring Rarely, vision loss Discuss the potential risks and benefits of these procedures with your eye doctor. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic DiagnosisClinical trials Aug. 10, 2017 Print Share on: FacebookTwitter References What is astigmatism? American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/astigmatism.cfm. Accessed July 5, 2016. Mian SI. Visual impairment in adults: Refractive disorders and presbyopia. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed July 5, 2016. Astigmatism. American Optometric Association. http://www.aoa.org/x4698.xml. Accessed July 5, 2016. Astigmatism symptoms. American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/astigmatism-symptoms.cfm. Accessed July 5, 2016. AskMayoExpert. Refractive laser surgery. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2016. What causes astigmatism? American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/astigmatism-cause.cfm. Accessed July 5, 2016. Barbara Woodward Lips Patient Education Center. Surgery to improve your vision: PRK and LASIK. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2008. Yanoff M, ed., et al., eds. LASIK. In: Ophthalmology. 4th ed. Edinburgh, U.K.: Mosby Elsevier; 2014. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed July 5, 2016. Astigmatism treatment. American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/astigmatism-treatment.cfm. Accessed July 5, 2016. Preferred practice pattern guidelines: Refractive errors and refractive surgery PPP — 2013. American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/refractive-errors--surgery-ppp-2013. Accessed July 5, 2016. Bower KS. Laser refractive surgery. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed July 5, 2016. Softing Hataye AL (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. July 20, 2016. Frequency of ocular examinations — 2015. American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://one.aao.org/clinical-statement/frequency-of-ocular-examinations--november-2009. Accessed July 6, 2016. Opticians, dispensing. U.S. Department of Labor. http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/print/opticians-dispensing.htm. Accessed Jan. 19, 2015. Astigmatism. National Eye Institute. https://nei.nih.gov/healthyeyes/astigmatism. Accessed July 20, 2016. RelatedLASIK eye surgeryConsidering LASIK surgerySymptom CheckerPink eye treatment: What if I wear contact lenses?Contact lens basicsAlbinismEyestrainHeadache AstigmatismOverviewSymptoms & causesDiagnosis & treatmentDiagnosisTreatmentClinical trialsPreparing for your appointmentMore aboutIn-DepthExpert AnswersMultimediaResourcesNews from Mayo Clinic Advertisement Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Advertising & Sponsorship Policy Opportunities Ad Choices Mayo Clinic Store Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. The Last Diet You'll Ever NeedNEW! Mayo Clinic Guide to Integrative MedicineStop Osteoporosis in its TracksMayo Clinic Health LetterThe Mayo Clinic Diet Book Diagnosis & treatmentRequest an AppointmentDiagnosisTreatmentClinical trialsPreparing for your appointment CON-20193993 Patient Care & Health Information Diseases & Conditions Astigmatism


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Child in Hospital After Getting Run Over by Trailer in Lynchburg
Update 4:50 p.m.:
Lynchburg, VA - Lynchburg police say the 6-year-old boy involved in the accident has been flown to Roanoke Memorial Hospital to be treated for his injuries. He is listed in critical but stable condition.
Police say the accident happened in the parking lot off Wards Road around 1:30 p.m. They say the 6-year-old was walking in the parking lot when he was hit by the driver of a Ford F250 with an attached utility trailer.
The Lynchburg Police Department's Traffic Safety Unit is continuing its investigation of the crash. Anyone with any additional information concerning this crash is asked to contact the Lynchburg Police Department Traffic Safety Unit (455-6047) or Central Virginia Crime Stoppers (1-888-798-5900).
Lynchburg, VA - A child is at Lynchburg General Hospital Friday afternoon after police say a trailer on a truck ran him over.
The incident happened around 1:45 p.m. in the parking lot of Gold's Gym on Wards Road.
According to the Lynchburg Traffic Unit, the child tried jumping on the trailer as it was driving in the parking lot, but missed, and the trailer's wheels ran him over.
Officials say the boy is suffering from a fractured femur, but he is conscious and awake.
Updates to come.


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Average Customer Rating
(based on 3 reviews)
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Reviewed by 3 customers
Displaying reviews 1-3
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By Purple orchids
from New Jersey
Purchase Reason
Picture is purple as the walls are purple to. Match very nicely together.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
perfect for my decor!
By Jan the cake maker
from Hampshire England
I wanted a print in this magenta pink/purple colour to tone with the rest of the room and it does the job brilliantly.The frame in silver matches others I have bought and that too blends really well with the colour of the print.It is placed on a wall approaching patio doors leading to a balcony and looks splendid blending perfectly with the curtains.The colour will not be to everyone's taste but it is all that I wanted and I could not be more pleased.
orchid in bloom
By anita
from Adelaide Australia
[...] have not framed yet as bit disappointed with small marks on paper. Will get around to it soon. The lily poster I ordered before was great, very happy with it and have had it framed and looks fantastic. Will still order other posters when needed even though orchid not as good.
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For Fall 2012, Laura Mercier has released the Cinema Noir collection, and it's already available for purchase! The collection contains toasty warm browns, like Cocoa Suede Nail Lacquer, starring in the photo above. Eyes are smoky and theatrical, touches of teal and navy. Cheeks, lips and nails are warm with hints of rose or wine.
Warm Up in Laura Mercier's Cocoa Suede
I've always loved the sophistication of a deep chocolately brown manicure like Cocoa Suede. It's great for those who would ordinarily lean toward wearing a classic red, but are looking for a bit more edge. My experience with Laura Mercier nail lacquer is that it wears well. The color is glossy and chip-resistant. Cocoa Suede applies streak-free, and two coats is perfect for a glossy opaque finish. Laura Mercier Nail Lacquer is free of Formaldehyde, Toluene, and DBP.
Retail price is $18.
Click HERE to snag one at LauraMercier.com.
The author of the Raging Rouge Beauty Blog received press samples for purposes of this makeup review / product review. Some of my beauty reviews also contain affiliate links. For more information on sample policies, please click HERE to read my full disclosure.


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Exterior View, Grove Arcade
Grove Arcade (Asheville, N.C.)
Item information
- Title:
- Exterior View, Grove Arcade
- Topics:
- Subjects:
Commercial buildings
Mercantile buildings
Ramps (Walkways)
- Original Format:
Black-and-white print (photograph)
- Item identifier:
- ncar_N_75_7_1568
- Photographer:
- Sieburg, J. more info on Sieburg, J.
- Architect:
- Parker, Charles N., 1885-1961 more info on Parker, Charles N., 1885-1961
- Created Date:
- Genre:
Architectural photographs
- Location:
Buncombe County (N.C.)
- Digital Project:
Beaux Arts to Modernism
Source information
- Repository:
- State Archives of North Carolina
- Collection:
- Division of Archives and History Photograph Collection (State Archives of North Carolina Collection 4.1) held by State Archives of North Carolina
- Note field:
- Not all materials from the physical collection may have been scanned. Images may have been enhanced for web access.
- Rights:
- Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the North Carolina State Archives.
- Funding:
- Digitization of this image was partially supported with federal Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, and administered by the State Library of North Carolina, a division of the Department of Cultural Resources.
Building: Grove Arcade (Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina)
- Built:
- Street:
- 1 Page Avenue
- Community:
- Asheville
- State:
- North Carolina
- Zip:
- 28801
- Provenance note:
- E. W. Grove, first owner; Walter Taylor and Associates, second owner.
- Architectural note:
- The structure was initially intended as a skyscraper, and the use of ivory-glazed terra-cotta and decorative griffins lend the structure a unique appearance. The structure's molded panels include an image of the architect, Charles N. Parker.
- Historical note:
- The arcade is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was occupied by the federal government in 1942.
- Location:
Asheville (N.C.)
- Subjects:
Arcades (Architecture)
Architectural moldings
Commercial buildings
Government buildings
Griffins in art
Historic buildings
National Register of Historic Places
- Latitude, Longitude:
- 35.595203, -82.555895
- External Resources:
Grove Arcade: History


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HARRISBURG — About two-thirds of the Pennsylvanians who heat their homes with natural gas are heading into December paying the lowest prices in a decade for this time of year, according to rate information from the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission.
Gas prices for six out of the 10 largest regulated utilities are at their lowest December price since 2003. Those utilities include Columbia Gas, National Fuel Gas, Peco, People's, Philadelphia Gas Works and UGI Penn.
Utilities credit the huge volume of gas being produced from the Marcellus Shale formation underneath Pennsylvania for pushing down prices. In most cases, prices this December are less than half what they were in December 2008, when the drilling boom was just beginning.
Peco's three-month winter price, which took effect Sunday, means a customer will see an average monthly bill of just under $160, or almost $3 less per month than last winter, spokesman Ben Armstrong said.
The utility is reaching out to people who live along gas mains to encourage them to switch. Incentives include helping foot the cost to extend a line to a home and appliance rebates, Armstrong said.
Natural gas is Pennsylvania's most prevalent home heating fuel, used in more than half of the state's nearly 5 million households. In the past decade, the number of natural gas customers in Pennsylvania, including businesses, has grown from about 2.5 million to nearly 3 million.
The lows may not last all winter at all utilities.
Columbia, People's and Equitable will be able to adjust their price for the three months beginning Jan. 1, while National Fuel Gas and People's TWP can adjust their three-month price on Feb. 1.
In addition, the Energy Information Administration, an arm of the U.S. Department of Energy, is forecasting that wholesale natural gas prices will rise this winter by 10 percent for home heating in the northeastern United States.
Analyst Sean Hill of the Energy Information Administration said he expects wholesale prices to rise in 2014 slightly over 2013 now that a glut of natural gas that kept 2012 prices low has eased, exploration companies have slowed production and demand is expected to rise gradually.
Join the conversation
To comment and read comments on the article, please log in as a subscriber
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text:
Alanis Morissette is the latest celebrity mom to reveal her struggle with postpartum depression.
When the 38-year-old singer welcomed son Ever in 2011, the new mom summed up her baby's arrival with one word: "amazing." And while she has embraced motherhood, gushing that she was "moved beyond words" about the new chapter in her life and "so in love with my nuclear family," at times it has been difficult.
In a new interview, Morissette said she couldn't shake a lingering bout of depression after Ever's birth. "I just thought it was a swampy chapter, if I soldiered it out, that it would go away," Morissette, who is married to rapper Mario "Souleye" Treadway, told ET Canada. "I came to realize that the longer I waited, the more intense it would become."
Morissette went into a little more detail with the British magazine You. "The degree and intensity of my postnatal depression shocked me," she said.. "I am predisposed to depression, but what surprised me this time was the physical pain. I hadn't realized the depths to which you can ache: limbs, back, torso, head, everything hurt — and it went on for 15 months. I felt as if I was covered in tar and everything took 50 times more effort than normal. I wished I could have cried but there was no relief during that time; my version of depression is almost below crying where there is just despondency. ... I had various therapies and now I feel all light and springy. Thankfully, it didn't interfere with the bond with my son, although I think that has strengthened since I got better in April."
By telling her story, Morissette hopes to "eradicate the shame around it," which many other celebrity moms — from Brooke Shields to Gwyneth Paltrow — have also helped to do by sharing their personal battles with postpartum depression. Morissette added: "It's just what happens sometimes and, for me, I just waited way too long to reach out for help."
Morissette has also been vocal about attachment parenting and her plans to breastfeed until Ever "is finished." She elaborated on that topic with You, adding, "I intend to breastfeed for as long as Ever wants, whether that's two, three years, I don't care. Americans are freaked out about this. There may be some dirty looks as he gets older."
In addition to letting Ever decide when to stop breastfeeding, the Grammy winner, whose latest album is "Havoc and Bright Lights," said the boy sleeps in bed with her and Treadway. "We're definitely skin-on-skin connected as much as possible," she revealed on "The Billy Bush Show," noting that she and her husband carve out their own time to be alone. "He's a very robust virile man," Alanis laughed. "You gotta take care of your husband."


text: I just fired up my Pioneer BV about a week ago and ever since it started the fire seems to be too high up on the burn grate. When it picks up in the morning after the evening setback, it burns frighteningly close to the hopper. There is a good 5-6 inches of ash on the the grate below the fire. Is there any way to force the fire down lower?


text:
|Sport, 1 pitch, 50'
|YDS: 5.8 French: 5b Ewbanks: 16 UIAA: VI- ZA: 15 British: HVS 4c [details]
|Page Views:
|Submitted By:
|smallakin on Aug 15, 2009
|Comments on Phat Phinger Phrenzy
|Add Comment
|Show which comments —
By Holly Barnard
Sep 8, 2009
rating: 5.8 5b 16 VI- 15 HVS 4c
|This a trad climb masquerading as a sport climb. Don't be put off by the single star rating. If you are comfortable with trad climbing style, you will find this to be a fun climb well worth doing (if only to give you fingers a rest from pulling on sharp pockets). I found it to be easier than other moderates at Iris. Beware of loose rock up high in the crack on the left.
By Shawn Miley
May 13, 2014
|This is actually 60' and sport/trad.
By Daniel Nelson
From: Jackson, WY
Jul 22, 2015
|This climb is a blast; jams and and pockets with a cool finish. Fully bolted; no gear needed. Less slabby than I expected.


text:
News and culture through the lens of Southern California. Hosted by A Martínez
Sales of the Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf drove off a cliff at the turn of the new year, falling by more than half. And that's despite the government rebates, savings from gas, and other incentives to get behind the wheel. For more on why this is and what that means for the future of electric cars, we're joined now by Paul Eisenstein, publisher of TheDetroitBureau.com.
Lively and in-depth discussions of city news, politics, science, entertainment, the arts, and more.
Reviews of the week's new movies, interviews with filmmakers, and discussion.
A weekly look at SoCal life covering news, arts and culture, and more.
Movies, music, TV, arts and entertainment, straight from Southern California.


text:
- History
- Our Work
- Foreign Assistance Data
- Dollars to Results
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- Fact Sheets
USAID has been very happy to partner with the American Bar Association and the Addis Ababa University Law School in the development and publication of five legal textbooks authored by Ethiopian legal experts. I am especially proud of this collaboration since this is the first set of textbooks to be revised in 40 years. This is a remarkable and commendable achievement. I congratulate the authors who are faculty at Addis Ababa University and St. Mary's College--Ato Getachew Assefa, Ato Muradu Abdo, Ato Elias Stebek, Ato Wondwossen Demissie and Ato Fikremarian Merso.
I'd like to congratulate, too, the ABA and the Country Director, Ato Mandefrot Belay, for implementing this and other important activities in support of Legal Education in Ethiopia over the last four years. The publication of these textbooks represents a culminating accomplishment of this project. They will be used at 18 law schools all over Ethiopia. Let me highlight other joint accomplishments of the Rule of Law Initiative project which was designed to improve the quality of education and strengthen teaching and research capacity of law schools.
Under the project, we have been able to:
1) conduct and disseminate a nationwide legal education review;
2) provide hundreds of law textbooks to the Ministry of Education;
3) sponsor a national moot court competition;
4) support legal aid programs at Addis Ababa and Hawassa Universities that served those most in need or most vulnerable; some 1,200 clients received counseling and legal representation by volunteer faculty; and
5) provide teaching support in areas where American faculty expertise complemented that of Ethiopian faculty here at Addis Ababa University. Over the last year, we brought in two faculty members to teach intensive courses and one law school dean to mentor the Administration of the Institute of Human Rights in designing graduate studies in law.
We have sponsored one senior professor to help set standards for internships outside the university in consultation with faculty and other justice stakeholders for standardized implementation in the coming years. These proposed standards will be presented to you formally at a workshop in the coming months. Finally, I am pleased to say that one additional faculty member will come to teach advanced research methodology to both graduate students and junior faculty here.
In addition to these formal activities, a group of us at USAID and the Embassy, who hold Doctors of Jurisprudence, were able this past year to volunteer our services and teach a course in legal writing. I myself was part of this team and enjoyed and also benefitted from the experience. My colleague, Warren Leishman, our USAID legal advisor, also participated and is here with us today. A third colleague who joined us, Jason Martin, the US Embassy cultural attaché, has since left Ethiopia for a new post.
So it is not only as a representative of the American people , but also as a beneficiary of a legal education that I am so pleased to join you here today and to handover these new textbooks to educate a whole new generation of advocates for the rule fo law, a key pillar of any nation's advancement and a cornerstone of peace and prosperity.
I urge you to use your education to defend and promote the rule of law and above all, to strive for the ultimate goal of access to justice for all. A legal education can serve you in whatever profession you ultimately choose: teaching, government or diplomacy, business, or civil society endeavors.
This year, USAID is celebrating 50 years of operations in Ethiopia and around the world. In know you will celebrate your 50th anniversary in the coming year. Since our operations began in Ethiopia in 1962, the U.S. Government and specifically, USAID, have historically and a great relationship with Addis Ababa University. This law school was founded with the participation of American faculty in 1963 and, as you all know, even while Ethiopian jurisprudence is modeled after the European legal system, its legal education is patterned more after the American common law system. During Emperor Haile Selassie's reign, American professors were an integral part of the faculty here, the late James C.N. Paul, Dean of the Law School at Rutgers University, with his bust at the entrance of this building. This is to highlight our long cooperation, one that I am confident will continue in the future.
In closing, I extend my wish for your continued success in the coming years to promote quality legal education and dedicated, ethical lawyers essential to assist the governing of a peaceful and prosperous society; one that respects the rule of law and promotes justice. I am confident that you young and energetic intellectuals, who in the United States we call "legal eagles," will not wait another forty years to publish again and that you will contribute to the evolution of Ethiopia's legal system in keeping with its growth and transformation.
Thank you very much and best wishes for the Ethiopian New Year and for the start of the school year.
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Last updated: August 11, 2014


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Hotel Rio Athens3 Self rated
13 Odysseos str.,Karaiskaki sq, Athens, 10436
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Hotel Rio is located in the center of Athens,on the quiet pedestrian street of the Karaiskaki sqr, near Metro station Metaxourghio. It's a beautiful neoclassical building entirely restored,blending every modern convenience with the classical aesthetic. During all the year,everything is at your disposal,for a reasonable price,with a quality of service in a friendly environment.
Hotel Rio is recomended in many international tourist guide books around the world not only for holidays stays,but also for business trips. Hotel Rio Athens is walking distance from the Acropolis, the Parthenon, the old town Plaka, the New Museum of Acropolis, the National Archeological Museum, Psiri - Gazi (the night life area), the European railway station, the flea market and the big shopping area in Ermou street.
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When I saw these in the Avon catalogue my immediate thought was oh, now I don't have to fork out like £5 each for the Barry M nail crackle!
I have loads of Avon nail polishes so I knew the quality would be great regardless! But these were like both for a £5 (ish) which was an offer that certainly could not be refused especially at the prices of Barry M's and other brands nail crackle effect polishes!
So when I got them I decided on using the black one first with a blue polish underneath, and trusting me, I did it wrong straight away and gave up! So at that point I was like this is rubbish, Avon your rubbish for letting me trust this product blah, blah, blah.
Anyway after a while I decided to use the white one over the top of some black nail polish when I was bored and this time I did it right! And it looked fab of course!
It was just as nice as the Barry M ones that I'd seen my friends do and at like half the price it was definitely worth it. The crackle effect is still really in so I'm really glad I invested in these nail polishes. And Avon nail polishes always last like FOREVER which is also good!
Really good buy if you're looking for a crackle nail set!
Firstly I'd suggest you read my review on the first one, 50 Shades of Grey, because you will soon discover how many mixed options I had, especially about the story line and the writing.
However in the second book, I felt my heart racing a little more, the plot begins to develop. Everything gets a little more interesting and there are times in this one that I couldn't put it down, it was so exciting and at times I actually felt frightened!
The writing style seems to get a little better, and even the sex scenes get a bit better! This one is definitely the best of the three! It's kind of the in between book but you learn a lot about the characters and their feelings and the changes that happen because of certain events that happen.
I just think this is a much stronger plot line which is more interesting and appealing and if it didn't make sense not to read the others, I would recommend just reading this one! But of course, you probably wouldn't really understand it! But this is the best one out of the three!
I honestly don't know any woman that hasn't read this book. Apart from my best friend who refuses! But to be honest, I don't blame her!
I'm all up for the sex scenes, and the kinky-ness of this book, seriously that is not the part that bothers me. But I just find it really, really boring! The story line is really not interesting, I mean yeah it's not every day a rich billionaire asks you to sign a contract into BDSM but still it's not exactly a murder investigation or car chase or explosions. Its not even mysterious, it's very plain and simple for everyone to see!
James attempts to make it mysterious by giving us little hints into Grey's troubled past but even so, I've read much more horrific books! And the hints she does give aren't very mysterious, we all know what's happened!
I felt the writing could have been a bit more complex, it was very basic writing, easy to read I suppose and the sex scenes were written with no precaution, she just threw it all out there. It is quite vulgar but hey, we all love a good sex scene.
I'm not sure I'm very mixed feelings about this book, one minute I could really sink myself into it and other times I was REALLY BORED. I would say if your up for a quick easy read, with no real deep story line this is your kind of book, but if you prefer deep and meaningful, I wouldn't even bother.
When I first saw this product in the Avon catalogue, I kind of knew it would be a little too good to be true. I love creamy liquid foundations but I also love pressed foundation, so I thought it would be worth a try. It pains me to say it but I was a little disappointed.
So the packaging is lovely as is ALL Avon make up, it looks so sleek and professional which I love! I love how it has the little mirror in it too and a little sponge (which I don't often use because I like to use my own means of application but with this I wasn't really sure how to apply it so I just used the sponge!)
At the time I was having really oily breakouts so I was using powders to combat it, so I thought this would be perfect, because it's always faff applying powder foundation!
It worked for a little while... And it was lovely on my oily skin, like it applied well and lasted well but it actually made my skin dryer and dryer to the point I had to stop using it because it was becoming patchy and building up on my skin.
I don't know, but after that I just couldn't give it another chance, even when I got my skin back to normal because it was such a horrendous experience. I'm really unimpressed, and I'm quite pleased they never made anything else like this after this product because I just don't think the whole, liquid to matte thing works. Sorry Avon!
The first thing to note about this product is that it is massive. I mean this product lasts forever. No joke!
I love Avon, and regularly get Avon from our rep that's a friend of my mums. I ordered this and one of the other Senses shower gels, just because I needed shower gel and it was nearing pay day, but it just wouldn't stretch (we've all been there!) I basically chose this one because it was pink and had Paris on the front! It looks extremely feminine and appealing without even smelling it!
This is a product that does exactly what it says on the tin! It smells so girly and pretty, and you can definitely see why they've named it Mystique, it makes me smells like I've just stepped off the set of a Hollywood film. It's not exactly fruity or fresh but it's quite musky, like perfume with a hint of the bright flowery scent. It all sounds a bit strange but trust me out of the Sense's shower gels I have used, this is my favourite!
It lathers well, so not only does it smell great the actual content of the product is good. A slight criticism would be that as soon as I get out and dry myself the beautiful smell does start to wear off which is a shame because it's sooo nice!
Anyway, all I can say about this product is that Avon does it again, it is so cheap for the amount of product you get which is great! And the actual quality of the product is actually incredible! Well done Avon!
Me and my mum both get Avon regularly as our friend is an Avon rep, so mum always gets their bubble baths because they are soooo big they last until the next order/book comes through!
Like I said these bottles are enormous, they literally last forever especially when used sparingly. However with this particular one, smells absolutely amazing! When you first smell a bubble bath, it's easy to say it smells good but this doesn't mean it's going to smell nice in your bath. But this smells soooo strongly of Lavender when you smell it before you put it in, you know it's going to be good.
I love putting this one in my bath, it smells so beautiful and the smell even leaves your skin smelling slightly lavender-like which is amazing!
Of course with a bubble bath you expect it to bubble up and this one does really well! Seriously if you put too much in the bubbles go EVERYWHERE (I know this from experience, oops!)
Overall this is a lovely bubble bath that I would recommend, especially in this scent, it's so strong that it lasts and smells like your in a spa or something!
I love this cute little iPod! Of course, it's nothing compared to the super technology Apple have now created like the iPod touch or nano but all the same it's so tiny, it's incredible that it can store and play music!
If I remember correctly this comes in many different colours, orange, silver, blue, pink etc which is really cool because it can still be individual even though this product is the size of an average grape!
The sound quality isn't great, I was listening to mine the other day and it's nothing on my iPod touch's sound quality but it's still handy to slip into your pocket when you're running or whatever and you can still HEAR it, it's just a little bit tinny.
The other problem with this is that you can't see the songs that are there, such as on the nano or the touch iPod's. There is no display so you just have to keep flicking through to find a song you like. For some this may be a good thing, but if you're looking for a particular song, good luck!
It is a good little iPod but like I said, it has it's little flaws, sound quality, no display screen but if you're looking for something basic and practical this will probably do the job for you!
These speakers were given to me by my boyfriend when my other speakers got ruined, don't ask! He had an old iPod touch (the one without the camera on the front) and apparently it didn't play out loud. However on my new iPod touch, it does work so I now have it!
Anyway these speakers are really cute! I love the way the little flap folds up and down where you plug the iPod on, which makes the speakers really sleek and thin and compact. I often take these speakers with me on holiday because they are easy to flat pack.
As well as this the quality of the sound is actually really good! I'm always sceptical about speakers playing well in case the sound is tinny but these speakers sound really good playing loudly. It also has a place to plug in an aux in the back to play through it that way also!
Like I said, these speakers are really cute, compact and really good quality, they also charge up your iPod while its on which is always handy! I often use it just for charging so I don't have to constantly plug it into my laptop.
I don't really have anything negative to say about these speakers, they're loud, not tinny, easy to compact and charges your iPod! Not a bad word I can say!
I've had my little car for a year now. My mum bought me it when I was getting close to my driving test to practice in and so that I'd obviously have a car to drive afterwards and seriously guys if you're a new driver or learning to drive this is the car for you!
I was learning in a Vauxhall Corsa which is A LOT different to this car so when I first got in this car I was like woah, this is like nothing compared to the car I learn in. The gear stick, wow, it is in the perfect place. Most gear sticks are really low down so you have to like reach down to change gear and occasionally, especially when I was learning, I looked down at the gear stick which was obviously really quite dangerous! However on this model of the KA the gear stick is raised so it's almost to the side of you so when you reach left it's practically there! I loved this feature to the KA, it's what won me over. Being quite small myself it was a perfect size, the seats are raised, the gear stick is in the palm of your hand with no unnecessary head twitching!
I have this car in the white colour, which is one of the standard colour which I don't mind actually I thought the colour variety was fabulous actually with lots of elegant colours, and also some masculine colour perfect for all genders to drive.
It's a handy little bob around car, I think the furthest I've driven is like an hour in it without stopping and it did it fine. It doesn't really like going any fastest than 70 mph and the brake occasionally squeals at you if you press down on it too fast or hard which is understandable.
The seats are all really easily adjustable, there are no rear doors so it's necessary for easy moving in the seats. The boot is actually really spacious for such a little car and plus there's back seat space. A question no one really answered for me when purchasing this car was whether the back seats came down to make the boot space bigger and yes they do, perfect for I'd say like a scooter, or small bike, or even a walking frame or fold up wheelchair.
If you can't tell there isn't really anything I dislike about this car and that doesn't stop at the petrol consumption. If you're looking for a little run around car with a low fuel consumption, this is it. I put £20 of petrol in this every 2 weeks and when I fill up in the second week it's not even on the red line! It's fantastic! I use my car nearly every day as well sometimes long journeys sometimes short but almost every day and it's AMAZING, it's not guzzling, it's not greedy, as long as you're in the right gear and not braking heavily all the time (which you shouldn't be doing in any car guys!) then the fuel consumption is one of it's main features.
My only warning for new drivers in this car, the car you've been learning in will be a bit older than this car, KA, Ford or not so when your instructor says you should be in second gear for 20 mph, third for 30 mph etc, it really DO NOT apply in this car. I can be in fifth in this car, doing 30 mph around my village. Now, this sounds really strange and you'll be thinking why does it do this? It's a eco-friendly car, and basically the higher gear you're in, the less fuel pollution you're spreading (in layman's terms!) This isn't a bad thing don't get me wrong, it's just a bit of a shock because on you're dash board (another REALLY cool feature) it tells you when to change up and down gears by showing a little arrow up or little arrow down. So when you set off you go, first, straight into second by about 10 mph, straight into third by 20 mph, and by 30 mph you're in fourth and IT STILL ASKS YOU TO GO INTO FIFTH! It is absolutely crazy but that's what it does!
This car is honestly such a great car, I can't fault it. It looks a bit wimpy next to my mum's big Volvo, but it can sure give it a run for it's money in features terms! Great radio and CD player, great interior design, great range of colours, eco-friendly (save the planet!), lovely shape, easy to park, everything, I love my little KA!
I've had this laptop for about 2 years now after replacing my big desktop type computer that just completely packed in (it was an old, old PREHISTORIC system!) This is a lovely looking laptop, I have the one with the white lid so it's very sleek looking and has a glossy surface. Its quite slim and fits into an ordinary laptop bag so it is quite easy to transport around (I took mine on a cruise with me and it was just like carrying around another handbag so it really wasn't too bad to carry extra).
However the glossy surface has become a bit of a problem, especially for OCD people like myself, as it becomes really streaky and dirty and it's virtually impossible to clean!
Anyway, the actual laptop system is pretty simple and quick. All the buttons are simple and load up really fast. One thing that threw me was that it doesn't come with a Microsoft Office so I did have to pay for that extra (which was like £70!!!) However this is ideal for teens such as myself. I wouldn't recommend it for like businessmen or anything because it just seems more available for the young ones!
There are 3 USB ports for all your gadgets, great quality screen and colour, SD card port for your camera transfers, and all the other usual things such as headphone slots and webcam.
Actually I have one BIG BOOBOO! The battery life is rubbish! Well actually it lasts like when you unplug it for ages but after 18 months of having this laptop the battery DIED! It cost me £30 to replace which was a bit depressing because it's a great product. But apart from that this USA great laptop for teens doing school work or just young people in general this would be a great first laptop.
Of course the iPhone is one of the most popular phone on the market and it's extremely obvious why. On first glances this is a glamourous good looking phone, it's sleek and the branded logo of Apple makes you look expensive and "in". However attractive this product may be there are many follow up problems once you begin to use the phone on a daily basis.
This phone allows you to add lots and lots of apps which is very appealing for the young generation however the more apps you add, the slower device becomes, even slide transitions become sluggish. Opening texts becomes virtually unbearable, waiting maximums of 3-4 minutes for the text page to open. Obviously this becomes very irratating.
However Apples apps are supreme over all the other brands so it is very tempting to over this phone with them but, pre-warning it will over load the phone and begin to drive you slowly insane.
This phone has great features and great music and photo features but it does quickly become sluggish and irratiable.
Plus for the ladies, very difficult to store in a small handbag or jean pocket etc as it is a lot bigger than your average phone but overall its a decent phone, but I would recommend a newer version such as the iPhone 4 which has tried to address some of the problems this phone faced.
I had this product for years, seriously! It lasted for about 3 years with absolutely no trouble until my special needs brother got his hands on it and began messing it up but even so it still lasted nearly a year! This iPod is near most indestructible! Not only that but the quality is great such as the sound features and even the memory is pretty decent. Mine had about 500 songs but no other features really such as apps that are now available on the new iPod Touch.
It's a useful little thing, that can be easily slipped into your pocket without any fuss and the buttons on it stop all the hassles of touch screens getting damaged so it becomes very handy when music is a necessity.
However the camera quality isn't as good as some of the Apple products also the camera is in a bit of an awkward place, it's a bit fiddle-y trying not to get fingers in and even when they doesn't pictures and videos are a little blurry.
But if this is a product is purely for music it's properly better than getting an iPod Touch.
I changed to this phone from my old iPhone 3G and I have to to like this phone more than the iPhone 3G. The display i find is much nicer to look at and is much easier to use. I especially love how it syncs my facebook, hotmail and other accounts together so i can update my facebook, twitter and hotmail status' (tweets) all at the same time. Also being able to make one friend their own tile on the home screen makes it easy to check up on all their recent activity and photos.
My main downside to this phone is the quality of available apps. While all are quick to download and update they don't compare to Apple's apps. While social networking apps are good games and other fun apps don't compare to Apple's in my opinion.
Overall, a really good looking phone as well as being easy and fun to use.
I first purchased this DSLR used as a starter camera to get used to the manual settings for wildlife, portrait and landscape photography. As a complete beginner to photography i found this camera easy to use and i quickly got used to the different settings on the camera. While only having 6 mega-pixels the camera can still provided some great results and has a good aperture range with the standard 18-55mm EF-S that comes with the camera.
The camera isn't to heavy so is easy to carry around on holidays etc which i have done on many occasions. I haven't had any major problems with it although a minor problem i have had is the battery can sometimes come a little lose and so the camera doesn't switch on but this may just be a problem with my battery compartment door.
A great DSLR for beginners which i would definitely recommend to anyone interested in starting photography.
Got it for £160 at Argos and have no problems with it in the whole year I have owned it. I have 532 songs on it along with 100 photos, a page of apps and 11 small videos i have recorded on the iPod. Most of the memory is now used up but it is enough for me not using it for film or TV programmes. However, watching films on the iPod is good with the screen large enough to see but not to big to carry around in your pocket.
I have used the camera on the iPod for both filming and photos. While it is ok the camera isn't great and isn't always very clear. The speaker works well for playing out loud at home but out and about it can sometimes struggle to be loud enough.
In my experience, the battery life for me has been quite poor, even when I'm not using the iPod the battery is going down so I'm constantly having to charge it up but to start with it was fine!
Overall, the iPod touch was well worth the extra money than the now similar Nano and I would definitely recommend it regardless of some of it's disadvantage points.


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Incorporation of Macedonia into the Greek State
Haralampos Papastathis
Administrative integration
The process of the incorporation of Macedonia into the Greek state began more or less simultaneously with the military operations of the First Balkan War. It was a particularly difficult task, being different in many ways from that of the incorporation of the other regions of the 'New Lands', as those former provinces of the Ottoman Empire were called - and still are, quite misleadingly - which were definitely annexed to Greece after the Balkan Wars and the First World War.
To begin with, the inhabitants of Macedonia, as was the case with the whole of the central Balkans, lacked national, religious, linguistic and cultural homogeneity. The armed conflict during the Macedonian Struggle had caused a rift in the relations between the different ethnic (elements, and Macedonia itself was the object of the ambitions of Bulgaria, Serbia and Austria-Hungary, I which since the time of the Eastern Crisis of 1875-1878 had become a Balkan Power and had been striving to reach Thessaloniki, "cette ville convoitee" (that coveted city), as Risal- Nehama called it. The various powers felt unease both at the change in the political map and over any cutting back of the privileges, which their subjects enjoyed under the system of the capitulations. Romania and the Albanian League, with the support of Austria-Hungary and Italy respectively, had an interest in maintaining their relations with certain sections of the Macedonian population, and in promoting the rights of the latter. Moreover, the Greek state did not possess the necessary experience to govern provinces with the peculiarities described above, and particularly in the delicate circumstances of military occupation. There were further important factors complicating the situation: the lack of trust in state authority - as a result of the decay of the Ottoman state - on the part of the population, the continuation of military operations, the problems of food supplies and the safeguarding of public order which had been caused by the flooding of the urban centers by thousands of refugees and Ottoman prisoners of war, and the presence of 30,000 Bulgarian troops in Thessaloniki. The difficulties facing the Greek administration, which was called upon, on the one hand, to establish the presence of the rule of law and, on the other, to safeguard, by its general policies, the territory of Macedonia from any plans for its secession from the body of the nation, can easily be imagined.
The process of the administrative incorporation of Macedonia into the Greek state can be divided into two periods: before and after the Treaty of Bucharest, on the signing of which (10 August 1913), the regions of Westem, Central and Eastern Macedonia came definitively into the possession of Greece.
Immediately after the declaration of war, the Venizelos government appointed the prefect of Larissa, Periklis Argyropoulos and the diplomat Ion Dragoumis as political and diplomatic advisers, respectively, to the Commander-in-Chief Crown Prince Constantine. Furthermore, it declared the territories north of the Spercheios river, as well as every province occupied, in a state of siege. The rapid - and in some circles, unexpected - advance of the army raised as a matter of urgency the kind of political administration to be applied in the newly liberated areas. There, Greece already exercised military occupation (occupatio bellica), given that their eventual fate would be decided after the end of the hostilities. The fact that full sovereignty could not yet be exercised did not preclude the appointment official authorities. The first civil governor in a Macedonian province to be appointed was the Prefect of the Cyclades, Angelopoulos, at that time serving in the army at Kozani. The way in which Periklis Argyropoulos exercised for the first time the powers of prefect of Thessaloniki before he had even been appointed is typical of the hasty manner in which the multifarious problems were dealt with. As he tells us in his memoirs, although the surender of the city had been signed the day before, on 27 October 1912 Constantine was still at Topsin (Gephyra). In the meantime, as soon as they learnt at Thessaloniki that the Bulgarian army had already reached Yailacik (Filyro), Argyropoulos and Dragoumis attempted to send a messenger by the quickest possible means to Topsin: "... We went to the station, where a Turkish official or, rather, a Jew received us. I asked him for a train to Topsin. 'And who may you be, sir?' he asked. I did not hesitate; I repeated the order in writing, signing myself 'Prefect of Thessaloniki, which I was not. The official vacillated no longer, but conformed with my order".
After the installation of the military authorities in Thessaloniki, the need for the systematic organization of civil administration was strongly felt. On 28 October, Constantine, in a telegram to the government, stressed the need for Greek legislation to be introduced into the occupied territories, a measure which the Serbs and Bulgarians had already applied in own zones of occupation. To this end, the Commander-in-Chief asked for: 1. The setting up of his own political bureau, staffed by senior civil servants. This bureau would: a. be subject to his orders; b. exercise all those powers which according to law belonged to ministries; c. transmit Constantine's orders to the local civil authorities; 2. The division of the Macedonian provinces into three prefectures, as, anyway, they were under the existing administrative arrangements: Thessaloniki, Kozani (formerly Servia) and Kastoria (formerly Korytsa) 3. the appointment of prefects with the same powers as possessed by prefects within the Greek state. For as long, however, as martial law would continue in force, public order would fall within the competence of the military and police authorities and the prefects would confine themselves to indicating to them the measures which they themselves considered it necessary to take. Relations with the religious leaders of the various communities would be entrusted to the prefects, as would the exercise of judicial duties which the consuls of the various states had under Ottoman rule in accordance with the capitulations; 4. The prefects to refer every matter to his political bureau; 5. the setting up of a police directorate in every prefecture under the ultimate command of an officer seconded to the political bureau; 6. the suspension of the civil processes for the duration of the judicial moratorium because of hostilities. Those cases which, under the existing system in Macedonia, fell within the competence of the ecclesiastical courts were to continue to be heard by them. Criminal justice was to be administered by the courts martial; 7. The appointment of financial, postal and telegraph officials, an inspector of education and an official of the interpretation service.
These measures required by the
Crown Prince were inadequate. Moreover, if they had been implemented, they would
have given rise to dangerous situations both in the civil administration and for
the prospect of the definitive inclusion of the' New Lands under Greek
sovereignty. The undertaking of civil administration by the military would have
led to arbitrariness, while at the same time interfering with their true
mission, which was to carry on the continuing military operations. A framework
of civil administration similar to that proposed by Constantine had been
introduced by the Bulgarians and Serbs in the territories which they had
occupied, where, although they did not have to cope with multiple international
problems such as those involving Thessaloniki, they soon had to face the
discontent of the population. The views of the Commander-in-Chief served his own
personal ambitions: he wished to govern the New Lands single-handed. Civil
administration needed to be entrusted to a civilian governor-general, who, as
the representative of the Government, would be authorized: a. to issue organic
decrees; b. to adapt the existing Ottoman legislation to that of Greece; c. if
need be, to amend Greek legislation specially for the Macedonian provinces,
according to circumstances as they arose, and d. to take charge of all public
authority, except for the armed forces. 6
However, even before it had
received Constantine's telegram, the Venizelos government had decided to entrust
the provisional administration of the Macedonian regions to Konstantinos
Raktivan, Minister of Justice, a distinguished jurist from a Verria family.7
This decision was communicated to King George, and to Constantine himself,
on 27 October; it was pointed out to the Crown Prince that he would thus be
relieved of distractions ,which had nothing to do with his military tasks. On 30
October 1912, Raktivan landed on the way at Thessaloniki under constant fire and
to the whistling of bullets".8 He was accompanied by a number of
civil servants, journalists and 168 men of the Cretan gendarmerie. On 31
October, George I, who was already in Thessaloniki, signed the decree appointing
Raktivan as representative of the government "not without a measure of
displeasure", pointing out himself that he regarded him as being there to help
the Crown Prince, "to whom, in a certain sense the entire authority over the
occupied lands belonged".
Immediately after officially
undertaking his new duties, Raktivan addressed a message to the people of
Macedonia in which he stressed that it was Greece's purpose to provide "... the
benefits of freedom to all the inhabitants of the country without;
discrimination, because true freedom cannot have meaning without complete
equality among those peoples living under the aegis of the same state... The
task, which the army has so gloriously begun, will be crowned by the firm
establishment of an administration worthy of a civilized state, an
administration which is strong, but which also guarantees equality before the
law. With these two symbols before us, we shall regulate the operation of state
machinery, never overlooking, of course, the reasonable claims of the
inhabitants, making use, first and foremost, of competent persons recruited
locally without distinction of race and religion, and completing the whole
organization with suitable functionaries who will ensure in every respect the
normal and impeccable operation of the administration. We demand from all strict
and faithful observance of the laws and obedience to orders given. Of the
subordinate authorities (we require) particularly the fulfillment, according to
their oath, of their individual duties, absolute impartiality and a paternal
approach in general towards those under their authority. Of the citizens of the
various nationalities, both as a whole and individually, (we require) sincere
harmony, mutual respect and concord, in the conviction that under the new rule
of freedom, no one may enjoy advantages over others, but that full equality and
justice should prevail...".10
becomes clear from the message, during the Greek military occupation the Greek
administration's activities were to rest on two bases: a. the principle of
equality offal the inhabitants, and b. respect for the rights already enjoyed by
each ethnic and religious element. Years later, Georgios Balis, who belonged to
the opposite political camp, admitted of Raktivan that "rarely has a civil
governor more faithfully fulfilled the undertakings which he made on taking
office"." !n the exercise of his administrative duties, Raktivan proved a
realist: the Greek administration did not go ahead immediately with sweeping
reforms. It respected existing arrangements, its chief concern being the
functioning of those institutions in Macedonia as they stood, as long as they
did not harm the interests of Greece.'2 The Royal Decree appointing
Raktivan, in laying down that "Our Minister of Justice is hereby commissioned...
as representative of the Hellenic Governrnent, to regulate the affairs of the
provisional administration of the occupied lands... ,,13, gave him most
extensive powers and an authority which was literally absolute and subject to no
control. Thus a system of administration, which was both in essence, and method
was introduced specially for Macedonia. '4 The individual scope of duty had not
been defined, but was "mostly left to the sound judgment of the civil
servants".'5 Raktivan's abilities and integrity ensured, however,
that what was, in effect, a personal framework of administration did not give
rise to arbitrary conduct. He was exact, independent and
Diplomatic. He was, where necessary, exceptionally efficient in adapting Greek
legislation to the realities of the situation in Macedonia. He moved quickly in
executing decisions and handling business, a quality that was particularly
appreciated by all those who had experience of the procrastination of the
Ottoman administration. 16 Furthermore, he chose competent assistants
and knew how to make the best of the staff which he had under him. The secretary
general to the governor was G. Tsorbatzoglou, who had taken part in the
Macedonian Strugle. As we have seen, Argyropoulos served as prefect of
Thessaloniki. His special associates drawn from the Ministry of the Interior
were K. Dimaras, I. Dragoumis, N. Mavroudis, V. Dendramis, Kontogouris,
Stergiadis and Lambros, and, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, I. Lazaridis,
A. Zavitsanos, A. Mantzaris, I. Triantaphyllidis, D. Sotiriou, S. Vasileiou, P.
Evrypaios and G. Homatianos. The services of the Ministry of Finance were
staffed by G. Kophinas, S. Tattis, G. Mantzavinos, S. Papaloukas, A. Vamvetsos
and Papaderos. The Public Health Service was headed by K. Savvas, a University
professor, the Department of Agriculture and Forestry by P. Dekazos and the
Labour Bureau by T. Liverios. The Inspector of Antiquities in Thessaloniki was
G. Oikonomou:'7
activities of the Greek administration were based upon the provisions of
international law, more specifically on the Hague Conventions of 1907, which
provided for the continuation in force of that legislation which already existed
in the occupied territories.1 The Greek government let it be known
that the existing Ottoman laws would indeed continue in force, provisionally and
until the issuing of a fresh decree: for example, the provisions concerning
public and local administration in
the narrow sense (administrative divisions, municipalities and communities,
councils of Elders of religious communities, etc.) As well as the Ottoman civil
and commercial law. However, it was Neither possible nor desirable that the
implementation of administrative laws which smacked of the absolutism And
arbitrariness of the sultan's rule should continue in full.
It was for this reason that the
government gave its representative in Macedonia carte blanche in dealing with
matters arising. The Greek administration issued various legislative acts
(organic provisions, instructions, orders and circulars), which, without
overlooking commitments deriving from international law were directed chiefly at
dealing with immediate needs. The exercise of this legislative power
by the administration of Macedonia rested upon the political responsibility of
the Greek government. Law 4134/28.2-2.3.1913 "concerning the administration of
the lands under military occupation", for the drafting of which Raktivan was
responsible, provided the acts of the administration -termed 'regulations' -
with legal grounds. Moreover, Article 16 of that law ratified retrospectively
all acts issued and put into force up to that point.
The principal arrangements
introduced by Law 4134 were the following: the civil administration of the
occupied areas was to be carried out by the government, either through a
representative drawn from its members or by another mandatory, who was to take
the title of Governor-General or General Administrative Commissioner. The
governor was entrusted with all administrative authority, except for that which
related to the duties of the armed forces. More specifically, his mandate
covered: a. the organization and functioning of public services; b. the
appointment and dismissal of civil servants, the definition of their duties and
remuneration, and the fixing of the level of administrative expenditure; c. the
maintenance and management of the public services and the disposal of their
revenue; d. the regulation of all administrative issues in general and the
issuing of related acts; e. the taking of any emergency measure.
In his acts, the governor was not
to be restricted by any term or formality, with the single exception of those
put into force by that same law. Civil servants of the Ottoman state were to
retain their posts, simply affirming on oath that they would carry out their
duties conscientiously. The municipal and community authorities were kept on,
unless the governor-general considered their abolition was a necessity. Civil
servants in various services, as well as those under mobilization, could be
seconded to civil services in the occupied territories. Administrative divisions
were to be maintained, unless the governor general should, for reasons of
expediency, otherwise determine. Ottoman legislation (civil, commercial,
administrative, financial, fiscal) was also as a rule kept in force, except for
those provisions, which were contrary to Greek public order as well as on cases
of insuperable obstacles to their implementation. Greek
Penal and
police legislation was to be applied from the first day of military occupation.
In the case of offences committed prior to that date, the rule of the
implementation of the provision most lenient to the defendant prevailed. Greek
civil and criminal procedure was also introduced. The courts were to hear all
cases pending and arising from that point on, both civil and criminal. The
religious courts of the communities with jurisdiction over certain cases of
family law, and other instances of special jurisdictions recognized by
international conventions signed by the Ottoman state were respected. The
jurisdiction of the Thessaloniki, Court of Appeal was extended to the whole of
the territory under military occupation (Macedonia, Epirus, the Aegean Islands).
The professions of lawyer and notary public were to be practiced by those who
had had that capacity under the Ottoman regime and by those who qualified as
such under the Greek law and were appointed by the governor. The Greek system
was applied to the organization of the Courts of Law. At the same time the
community and religious authorities continued to exercise their right to draw up
contracts. Any act in law inter vivos involving the transfer of ownership
or the establishment of any other real right on immovable property in the
occupied territories and the leasing for more than five years of farm land was
prohibited, on pain of absolute nullity, as was the ceding of any right on
natural resources.
4134/1913 introduced a system of the most extensive decentralization and gave to
the government 5 representative in Macedonia - as well as to the governors of
the other regions in the New Lands - legislative powers. Issues, which arose,
were resolved by decisions of the local administration without interference and
interventions from Athens. This system of administration did not last for very
long after Macedonia was de/ure included within the borders of the Greek
state.2 By degrees it was superseded, to be finally abolished as we
shall see, by the Gounaris government in 1915.2:1 From then on, the
administrative dependence of Macedonia on Athens was consolidated, although it
proved quite unsuccessful in the case of an ethnically sensitive region with a
tradition of public and local administration different from that of Old Greece.
the period up to the Treaty of Bucharest, Macedonia was divided into three
prefectures and a total of 18 provinces (the prefecture of Thessaloniki with the
former kazas of Thessaloniki,
Verria, Yannitsa, Edessa, Karatzova, Langada, Kassandra, Katerini and Mount
Athos as its provinces; the prefecture of Kozani with the former kazas
of Elassona, Servia, Kozani,
Grevena anc Anaselitsa as its provinces, and the prefecture 0Z Western Macedonia
with Florina as its capital). An administrative commissioner was installed in
each province, to be in charge of all civil servants and the police - but not of
the judicial and military authorities -being entrusted with all executive
authority in the broadest sense, from the more general needs of the region to
the individual rights and interests of the citizen Supervision of public health
and education and the provision of social welfare also fell within his
competence. Local people were among those appointed as civil servants. A
central public health service was set up in Thessaloniki, headed by Prof. K.
Savvas, chairman of the latrosynedrion
(Supreme Public Health Council),
which undertook preventive and therapeutic measures for health in the city and
provinces and was at the same time equipped to deal with epidemics. A street
plan was drawn up for Thessaloniki. The civil servants of the Ottoman state, the
local authorities (mayors, presidents of communities) and the heads of the
religious cornmunities and their establishments were generally allowed to
retain office, but there was a certain reluctance among the officials of the
former regime to remain at their posts, for fear that this would be seen as a
treacherous act in Constantinople.23 With the help of the Greek ad-ministration
various lawful requirements of the cornmunities were met, such as the
collection of special taxes for the benefit of the Jewish community of
Thessaloniki, with the prefecture's assistance. Moreover, the expenditure of the
municipality of Thessaloniki was met.24
On 28
April 1913, a census of the population of Thessaloniki was carried out. This did
not include the army stationed in the city. The total number of citizens was
157,889, of whom 61,439 were Jews, 45,867 Muslims, 39,956 Greeks, 6,263
Bulgarians and 4,364 various foreigners.25
In the city, public security was
entrusted to the Cretan gendarmerie; that of the other cities of Macedonia and
of the countryside was in the hands of the Greek gendarmerie. These two bodies
were reinforced by the recruitment of local men. In the countryside crime was
limited mostly to the theft of animals. The task of the two gendarmeries was
satisfactorily performed and drew favourable comments from foreigners. A special
corps of forest rangers, consisting of local men, was also set up. An
archaeological service, based on Thessaloniki and Elassona, was established, as
was an agricultural service, with a veterinary surgery, and a labour bureau. The
operation of the mines by those agencies, which had received concessions from
the Ottoman state, was resumed and continued normally. The rail connection
between Thessaloniki and Monastir and Skopje was restored, with a loop near
Goumenissa. The Ottoman railway company continued to run this service, which was
used by the Greek state only for the transport of troops.
A Court
of Appeal was opened in Thessaloniki, while Thessaloniki, Verria, Florina and
Kozani had courts of first instance; the chief town of each province had its
magistrates' court. The moratorium
in force in Old Greece also extended
to Macedonia: the courts were occupied with civil cases of an urgent nature
(such as interim
injunctions concerning the possession of property, claims for maintenance,
eviction proceedings against recalcitrant tenants), while criminal cases came
before the ordinary criminal courts only if they did not fall within the
jurisdiction of the courts martial. The judicial authorities worked on cases
pending and set in order the court archives. In Thessaloniki a special notary
public was appointed, while in the provinces the local magistrates performed the
same duties. The archives of the Ottoman property register were taken over by
the judicial authorities. However, transfers and mortgages of property were
forbidden, since there was a danger that under war conditions these would be on
terms detrimental to the interests of the owners.26
Kophinas, head of department at the Ministry of Finance, took over the economic
sector of the Government-General of Macedonia from the end of November 1912.
Kophinas set as the aims of his mission: a. the reorganization of the financial
services in general in order to meet the tasks of the verification, protection
and management of public property, the implementation of taxation and the
promotion of private enterprise, and b. economic and fiscal research and study
in Macedonia, both for the protection and promotion of trade and industry and
for the accurate determination of their revenues and expenditure. In order to
satisfy these needs, the archives of the Ottoman Financial Service and those of
the movable and immovable property of the Ottoman state were brought together.
Provisional regulations of the treasury and the accounting service of the
Government-General were drawn up and ratified on 8 December 1912. By the middle
of the same month, financial commissioners had been appointed in Thessaloniki,
Servia, Kozani, Elassona, Yannitsa and Verria, and immediately afterwards in all
the other provinces. Taxes in arrears owed to the Ottoman state were collected.
Trade and
industry were in a parlous state: they had been in recession since the time of
the Italo-Turkish war (1911) and the market had been further depressed by the
Balkan War, the suspension of the railway link with Constantinople, Monastir and
Skopje and the tardiness of the postal and telegraphic service.27
Furthermore, business was adversely affected by rumors that if Thessaloniki
were finally to be awarded to Greece it would lose its extensive economic
hinterland, which included the three vilayets of Macedonia, Albania,
Epirus, Old Serbia and Thrace. These fears found expression chiefly among the
Jews who largely controlled trade and industry.2~ Thus, the Greek
administration was faced with the major economic and political problem of
securing the necessary conditions for the operation of the mechanism of
production under the changed circumstances.29 In order to dispel
these fears, there were many exchanges of views between the Jews and the Greek
authorities as manifested in a number of articles and interviews in Jewish
In the
matter of the revenues of the Ottoman state, Greece respected to the full the
existing rights of management of the Ottoman Public Debt and of the Ottoman
Tobacco Monopoly, which continued to function normally until mid-1914. In these
two areas, Greece confined itself to taking measures designed to safeguard its
rights by reason of the war, without excesses. Careful management resulted in
the revenues of the tobacco monopoly more than doubling. The rights of the
harbour and lighthouses companies were also respected.
Particular attention was paid to the organization of the customs houses. The
Thessaloniki customs resumed service immediately after liberation, manned
initially by customs officers of the autonomous Cretan state, since they were
familiar with the Ottoman laws. The Ottoman customs regulations, drafted by the
Briton Crawford, were translated into Greek and published. The Turkish tariff
(11% on imported and 1% on exported goods) was kept in force, while commodities
moving between Macedonia and Greece, together with raw materials imported by
local manufacture and craft industry for processing, were exempt from any duty.
The trade list was headed by Austria-Hungary, followed, in that order, by
Germany, Italy, France, Britain, Russia, Greece, Belgium, the Netherlands and
the United States. Proof of the generally smooth operation of the financial
services of Macedonia is provided by a comparison between their operating
expenses and the revenues which they realized, the latter excluding duties in
favour of the Ottoman monopolies and the foreign creditors which had superseded
the Ottoman state in its rights and duties. Up to 31 December 1913, the
operating expenses of the financial services in Macedonia amounted to 769,528
drachmas and their general revenues to 28,500,000 drachmas. Thus, the former
were a mere 2.7% of the latter, while in Old Greece the corresponding figure was
However, the most critical
economic problem –one with directly unfavourable repercussions at a political
and national level - was that of monetary circulation. Foreign currencies
continued to dominate business transactions and Macedonia by tradition-favoured
gold. This state of affairs rendered economic control impossible, encouraged
profiteering and raised monetary barriers between Macedonia and the Greek
state. The object was to replace the foreign currencies by the drachma, but
this, the only solution, involved the risk of upsetting the balance of the Greek
monetary system as a whole, since there was a well-founded fear that foreign
currency and gold would be transferred to Old Greece, having the same effect on
business there. On the proposal of Dimitrios Maximos, a senior official of the
National Bank, it was decided to set up a branch of the bank in Thessaloniki.
Maximos was appointed director of this branch, while the government later
managed, in spite of the opposition of the International Finance Commission, to
extend to the New Lands the privilege of the National Bank to issue money for
the sum of 80,000,000 drachmas. Thus, by the end of the First World War,
monetary union had been achieved.32
In order
to provide financial support for the agricultural sector, the Ottoman Farmers'
Bank (ZiratBankasL), founded in 1888, was revived. After its books and
records concerning the New Lands had been concentrated, the procedure for its
liquidation was laid down by legislation. Law 603/1913 sanctioned the articles
of association of the new Farmers' Bank of Macedonia and Epirus, with its
registered office in Thessaloniki. This was the only Greek state bank to be
based outside Athens. At the same time, the agricultural sector was also aided
by the National Bank. Eventually, the Farmers' Bank of Macedonia and Epirus was
incorporated into the Agricultural Bank.33
The various decrees providing for
the administration of Macedonia and Law 4134 were characterized by a serious
defect: the lack of co-ordination of the activities of the governor-general of
Macedonia with the various ministries. This matter had, to all intents and
purposes, been left to the civil servants, but ministry officials who had been
transferred to Macedonia were at the same time subject both to the
Government-General and to their own ministry, to which, anyway, they would soon
be returning. They were not, thus, at liberty to ignore the views of their
ministers, who missed no opportunity of intervening in issues in Macedonia
corresponding to their own responsibilities. This was the cause of a great deal
of friction between Thessaloniki and Athens, as in the case of the setting up of
the Labor Bureau, to which the Ministry of the National Economy was opposed. At
the same time, the governor's terms of reference cancelled out the powers of the
ministries in their individual fields in Macedonia, allowing him in effect to
practice direct rule. For that reason, in practice, the 'center' frequently
failed to help him in his task. Raktivan's plea in a letter dated 5 November
1913 to Alexandros Diomidis, Minister of Finace, and provisionally of Justice,
is typical: "...I beg you in the strongest terms to urge my colleagues to give
me less advice and more practical help in the awkward position in which I find
myself'. 34
It is, however, a fact that, in
spite of the reactions and dangers from internal and external factors, which
constantly arose in its way, the Government-General of Macedonia succeeded in
its mission35, and contributed in good many ways to the definitive
inclusion of Macedonia within the Greek state. The most important factor in this
success was the professional competence, industry, idealism and personality of
many of those in authority. An indication of their abilities is to be found in
their subsequent careers and their contribution to the country's public life. To
mention but a few: Ion Dragoumis, whose untimely end came as a great loss: Konstantinos
Raktivan as minister of the Interior undertook the restoration of Greek
administration in Eastern Macedonia in 1918 and in Western Thrace in 1920, and
served as the Council of State's first chairman; Periklis Argyropoulos served
repeatedly as minister and ambassador; Georgios Kophinas twice held the
Ministry of Finance; Vasileios Dendramis was one of the Foreign Ministry's most
capable ambassadors; Alexandros Vamvetsos was to become a distinguished jurist;
Dimitrios Maximos served as governor of the National Bank, minister and
prime minister; Georgios Mantzavinos became governor of the Bank of Greece and
minister; Nikolaos Mavroudis served as deputy minister of Foreign Affairs;
Georgios Oikonomou subsequently became professor of archaeology and
secretary-general of the Athens Academy; Petros Evrypaios served as prefect and
minister, and Panagiotis Dekazos as senator and minister. The Venizelos
government had the far-sightedness to second to liberate Macedonia the best and
youngest of the civil servants: the most senior among them had risen no higher
than the rank of head of department. A little later, when the Government-General
of Macedonia was abolished, as well as when it was reconstituted with almost
non-existent powers, the standard of civil servants from Old Greece stationed
in Macedonia was low and appointments in the northern provinces were regarded as
being reserved for those who had fallen into disfavor.
retired from his post on 18 June 1913. The same day, the Bulgarian unit, which
was encamped in Thessaloniki, surrendered after putting up armed resistance.
The presence of Bulgarian military units had been a constant and acute problem
for Raktivan ever since he had first landed in the Macedonian capital. In his
first report to Venizelos, he sought their removal by means of diplomacy.36
on the day of his departure for Athens; he visited "for the first time the
Church of Agia Sophia (Holy Wisdom), which hadjust been cleaned out" (it
had served as a barracks for the Bulgarians). He himself recounted: "...I felt
genuinely relieved of the nightmare which had been hanging over our heads for
eight months, and, as I said to the secretary Kyriazidis, who accompanied me,
it was the only happy day of my stay in Thessaloniki". 37
Raktivan was succeeded by the governor-general to Crete and former Prime Minister Stephanos Dragoumis, who was himself a Macedonian, from Vogatsiko, near Kastoria. Dragoumis extended the decentralized system of administration to the3~point where it approached complete self-government. His term of office as governor-general was, however, short: he disagreed with the acceptance by Venizelos of the Greek-Romanian protocol appended to the Treaty of Bucharest recognizing the existence of a Romanian minority in Greece, with its own schools, churches and bishop. The protocol remained a dead letter, but Dragoumis resigned from his position on 25 September 1913. Emmanouil Repoulis, who imposed limits on the decentralized and self-governing system of his two predecessors, succeeded him. After his departure (10 April 1914), Themistoklis Sophoulis became governor-general and remained in office until 8 April 1915, when the Gounaris government abolished the Government-General of Mace~donia.39 Law 80/16.11.1913 had already extended the force of Greek legislation to the New Lands, and, at the same time, a series of decrees provided for the introduction of specific acts of legislation and the direct subordination of certain services of the Government General to those of the ministries. Both Repoulis and Sophoulis were champions of the swift introduction of Greek legislation - which was, perhaps, difficult to avoid in the provinces of a single state. At the same time, they gradually abolished all the powers and scope of the government-general to deal directly and in a flexible way with acute local needs. Thus, the Governor-General of Macedonia became a purely decorative state functionary and the resolution of all issues was now dependent upon the magnanimity of a distant, impersonal and ill-informed 'center'. When, in 1917, the Government General (later to be known as the Ministry of Northern Greece and presently called the Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace) was reconstituted, it continued to function on the same footing.


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- Stylist:
- Dickey
Oct 24, 2009 - I really loved the Hair Rules salon. The decor is modern but still inviting and everyone is professional and polite. I was really nervous when I went because I was getting a LOT of my hair cut during my transition to natural also, because celebrity stylist DICKEY was doing it. In the end the products were divine, my hair was fab and Dickey was really friendly and totally down to earth. The only thing that would keep me from going back is the price. I think that hair cut ran me like $180. It was a special occasion in my mind because it was a big chop so I sucked it up but I wouldn't go more than once a year. I'd just buy the products and use them at home unless you live in New York and can afford to spend that much on your hair.


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Notebook Addict of the Week: Ian
This week's addict has a lovely and emphatically titled website: Pens! Paper! Pencils! All 3 are suitably celebrated there, including these notebooks: This beautiful collection includes Moleskine, Rhodia, Muji, Calepino, Field Notes, and Monsieur Notebook. I really love those nicely worn-in leather covers, from Davis Leatherworks. (where they are only $17!) Read more at Notebooks.


text:
Regular price 14.95
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