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Due to the growing influence of managed care organizations on health care delivery, it is likely
that an increasing number of patients with pneumonia will be treated as outpatients. To assure
quality of care for these patients, regular monitoring of patient outcomes will be critical. A key
indicator of appropriateness of care is the hospitalization rate of patients treated in the outpatient
setting, particularly those hospitalized within 10 days of initial treatment. While a small percentage
of patients at low risk for pneumonia complications can be expected to end up in the hospital, a
higher than usual proportion of subsequent hospitalizations for pneumonia complications may be a
signal that quality of care could be compromised.
Led by Wishwa N. Kapoor, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Pittsburgh, and supported by the
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (HS06468), the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes
Research Team (PORT) prospectively studied 944 adults treated initially at outpatient sites
participating in a multicenter study of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). They found that 90
percent of all CAP-related hospitalizations occurred within 10 days of the initial outpatient visit.
On the other hand, 81 percent of hospitalizations that occurred more than 10 days later were
related to coexisting illnesses, such as cardiac disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Outpatients who were subsequently hospitalized took longer to return to usual activities (a
median of 14 vs. 6 days) and had a higher 30-day mortality rate than those who were not
hospitalized (4.3 percent vs. .3 percent). This difference in medical outcomes may be explained in
part by increased age, more comorbid illness, and higher levels of severity of illness among
outpatients who are subsequently hospitalized.
Details are in "Patients hospitalized after initial outpatient treatment for community-acquired
pneumonia," by Michael F. Minogue, M.D., M.S., Christopher M. Coley, M.D., Michael J. Fine,
M.D., M.Sc., and others, in the March 1998 Annals of Emergency Medicine 31(3), pp.
Pediatric clinical practice guidelines originate largely from professional societies and Federal or
State agencies, as well as managed care organizations. About 28 States require the adoption of
guidelines in their contracts with health plans serving Medicaid patients. Strong evidence exists
that well-implemented guidelines can be used to achieve improvements in both the processes and
outcomes of care. However, the magnitude of improvement varies widely. Also, mailing
guidelines alone, like any other single intervention, is unlikely to improve the quality of care
Guidelines must be implemented in combination with other approaches, such as local clinical
leadership, education, reminders, and incentives, assert Lisa Simpson, M.B., B.C.H., M.P.H.,
Douglas Kamerow, M.D., M.P.H., and Irene Fraser, Ph.D., of the Agency for Health Care Policy
and Research. Their review of current literature showed that other factors affecting the
implementation of guidelines include the consistency of guideline information with current
opinions and practices, the skills and resources necessary to implement knowledge, financial
incentives, reimbursement policies, patient preferences, perceived implications for litigation,
extent of physician participation in the development or adaptation of the guideline, and physician
perception of the philosophical underpinnings of the guideline (for instance, whether the incentive
was to restrain costs or improve quality of care).
There is evidence that guidelines may not always be having their desired impact on pediatric care.
For instance, one report showed that immunization rates for children enrolled in managed care
plans varied from 59 to 81 percent. A number of studies directly evaluating the cost impact of
guideline implementation have found varying degrees of savings. Despite this variation in
guideline impact, guidelines will continue to grow as part of the pediatric landscape, note the
authors. They conclude that practice guidelines can improve the quality of care when implemented
appropriately, but physicians must be involved in their development and implementation.
See "Pediatric guidelines and managed care: Who is using what and what difference does it
make?" by Drs. Simpson, Kamerow, and Fraser, in the April 1998 Pediatric Annals 27(4),
pp. 234-240.
Reprints (AHCPR Publication No. 98-R081) are available from the AHCPR Publications Clearinghouse.
Return to Contents
Primary care physicians (PCPs) are increasingly being asked to step out of their offices and into
the neighborhoods where their patients live and work to help solve some of the health problems
facing their communities. Apparently, PCPs are involved in community-oriented primary care
(COPC) in some ways but not others. And surprisingly, physicians who work with poor and
minority groups are less involved in their communities than other physicians, according to a study
supported in part by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (National Research Service
Award Training grant T32 HS00032).
University of North Carolina researchers mailed a questionnaire to a random sample of 500 young
PCPs (medical school graduation from 1985 to 1990) in the United States (247 responded),
asking them how confident they were in performing each of 15 specific community-relevant
activities that comprised four areas of COPC. Nearly two-thirds of PCPs had spoken to a
community group about a health issue within the previous 2 years. However, only one-third had
worked with a community group to address a local health problem, a key component of COPC.
Physicians' attention to sociocultural aspects of patient care centered mostly around inquiries
about the impact of illness on patients' lives and about their social supports. They inquired least
often about patients' transportation problems and use of unconventional medical treatments,
which is common in some communities.
Physicians were most familiar with community health resources such as physical therapists, social
workers, and nutritionists. They were least familiar with the less traditional or mainstream
resources such as local chiropractors, women's shelters, and clergy. Physicians generally felt
assimilated into their communities in terms of acceptance, feeling appreciated and having valued
friends, but indicated they were not active in community organizations.
The researchers call for future studies to examine what insurers and practice organizations that
provide care for needy populations can do to encourage and promote community involvement
among their participating physicians.
For more details, see "The four community dimensions of primary care practice," by Donald E.
Pathman, M.D., M.P.H., Beat D. Steiner, M.D., M.P.H., Eric Williams, Ph.D., and Toija Riggins,
Ph.D., in the April 1998 Journal of Family Practice 46(4), pp. 293-303.
Medical students considering primary care practices can choose from family medicine, internal
medicine, or general medicine. Their choice should take into consideration the probable location
of their practice and the scope of patient problems they are likely to see, note Carolyn M. Clancy,
M.D., and James K. Cooper, M.D., of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
In a recent commentary, Drs. Clancy and Cooper highlight the history and current practice
patterns of these three specialties. They point out that family physicians clearly have the potential
for the broadest spectrum of practice, since they are trained to provide care for individuals from
conception to death, including prenatal and obstetric care. In contrast, internists and general
medicine-pediatricians spend more time training in the hospital, and their practices include patients
with a greater burden of illness. Overall, internists have older patients with a higher number of
chronic conditions than family physicians. Also, medicine-pediatric physicians tend to see more
children under 2 years of age and also patients with more complex illnesses than their family
physician colleagues.
Several trends will affect all physicians' practices in the near future: an aging population, a
growing number of managed care patients, and more large group practices with a corresponding
need for clinical leadership. Also in the future, primary care physicians (PCPs) will coordinate and
possibly deliver care during and after patient transitions among varying levels of care, such as
home care and long-term care settings. Some PCPs (mostly internists) may become hospitalists,
who devote their time to hospitalized patients only, as has long been done in many Western
European countries. Drs. Clancy and Cooper predict that increased attention to community health
will be a defining characteristic of primary care practice in the 21st century.
See "Approaches to primary care: Current realities and future visions," by Drs. Clancy and
Cooper, in the March 1998 American Journal of Medicine 104, pp. 215-218.
Reprints (AHCPR Publication No. 98-R051) are available from the AHCPR Publications Clearinghouse.
So-called "carve outs" are one strategy used by health plans, employers, and public payers to
contract with specialty providers to care for particular groups of patients. For instance, they may
carve out or contract with an exclusive group of providers to manage clients with mental health
problems, AIDS, or cancer. In addition, contracts may be used for a set of surgical procedures,
such as those dealing with cardiovascular disease.
Theoretically, carve-out organizations can select and assemble the best specialists; treat large
numbers of patients with the same condition(s); adopt and evaluate the newest technologies,
drugs, and clinical guidelines; and conduct research. On the positive side, carve outs within some
employee benefit programs reduce the opportunities for risk selection—that is, attempts by
health plans to avoid enrolling individuals with conditions that are costly to treat.
On the other hand, problems with administrative functions (payment and oversight) can occur
because carve-out services are provided outside the usual network of providers. Also, problems in
coordinating care received by patients in a carve-out arrangement with the care provided by their
primary care physicians may reduce the overall quality of care.
In January 1998, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research sponsored a workshop to
define what is and is not known about carve outs and to develop a research agenda on this topic.
According to evidence presented at the workshop, carve outs can lower health care costs,
particularly in the area of mental health. However, conference participants and attendees noted
that we need more research about the effects of carve outs on quality and access, according to
AHCPR researchers Bernard Friedman, Ph.D., Kelly Devers, Ph.D., Fred Hellinger, Ph.D., and
Irene Fraser, Ph.D. They are the authors of an overview article on carve outs and similar
arrangements which appears in a special issue of the American Journal of Managed Care. The
authors concluded that there are serious concerns about the impact of carve outs and that
additional rigorous evidence is needed about how carve outs affect quality and access. They also
noted, however, that this type of research is difficult to conduct because of the proprietary nature
of the data collected and maintained by carve-out organizations.
The special issue also contains five commissioned papers originally presented at the workshop.
Taken together, these five papers provide an excellent synthesis of what is known about the array
of carve-out and specialty contracting models that exist today. They also provide a firm
foundation for building a research agenda. The papers are:
Workshop participants called for additional research in five fundamental areas: models of
carve-out organizations and arrangements, objectives of payers and consumers, effects of carve
outs on costs of care, effects of carve outs on quality, and the ways in which carve outs improve
and/or impede access to care. Participants noted several challenges to conducting such research,
including the proprietary nature of data collected and maintained by carve-out organizations, the
need for a comparative conceptual framework, and the need for outcome measures and
risk-adjustment methods.
For more information, see the June 15, 1998, special issue (volume 4) of the American Journal of
Managed Care for the full text of the papers described here.
Reprints of the overview article (pp. SP11-21) "'Carve-outs' and related models of contracting
for specialty care: Framework and highlights of a workshop," by Drs. Friedman, Devers,
Hellinger, and Fraser (AHCPR Publication No. 98-R080) are available from the AHCPR Publications Clearinghouse.
Approximately 4.7 million children are eligible for Medicaid health insurance but are not enrolled
in the program and have no health insurance benefits, according to a recent study by the Agency
for Health Care Policy and Research. In other words, two of every five uninsured children in the
United States could have Medicaid insurance if they or their parents applied for it. Medicaid is the
Federal-State program that provides comprehensive health benefits for low-income people.
The study reveals that 21.2 million children ages 18 or younger were eligible for Medicaid in the
first half of 1996, but 22 percent of them (4.7 million) were not enrolled in the program and had
no other public or private health insurance. This number is far more than previously estimated and
comes after a decade of changes have broadened the criteria by which children qualify for
Medicaid coverage, note AHCPR researchers Thomas M. Selden, Ph.D., Jessica S. Banthin,
Ph.D., and Joel W. Cohen, Ph.D.
Expanded Medicaid eligibility requirements have nearly doubled the number of eligible children,
according to the authors. They note that children who received cash assistance through the old
welfare program—Aid to Families with Dependent Children—were automatically enrolled in
Medicaid. But teenagers and children who became eligible for Medicaid because of recent
program expansions were less likely to be enrolled.
It may be that these families were less aware of their Medicaid eligibility, since they were
ineligible for cash assistance, explain the researchers. In addition, these families may have resided
in neighborhoods with lower Medicaid prevalence, which perhaps increased their sense of stigma
associated with Medicaid. The findings reported in this study are based on analysis of data from
the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a stratified random sample of households
designed to yield a nationally representative estimate of insurance coverage, medical expenditures,
and other health-related and socioeconomic characteristics.
Details are in "Medicaid's problem children: Eligible but not enrolled," by Drs. Selden, Banthin,
and Cohen, in the May 1998 Health Affairs 17(3), pp. 192-200.
Reprints (AHCPR Publication No. 98-R067) are available from the AHCPR Publications Clearinghouse.
Organizational strategies that influence HMO patients' selection of physicians and provide
physicians with feedback on the cost-effective use of resources, rather than financial incentives to
the physician, may be the key to cost savings achieved by health maintenance organizations
(HMOs), suggest Ann Barry Flood, Ph.D., of Dartmouth Medical School, and her colleagues. In a
study supported in part by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (HS06159), they
analyzed health care use and costs for all adults under age 65 being treated for an episode of any
of seven illnesses (100,000 episodes of care) at a large group practice that treated both HMO and
traditional fee-for-service (FFS) patients during the 3-½-year study period (1986 to 1989).
The group practice compensated its physicians based primarily on services rendered without
regard to patient insurance. HMO and FFS patients had access to the same physicians and same
facilities; and at the individual level, providers had identical financial incentives.
The financial incentives aimed at HMO patients required them to pay $10 for each visit to a
physician, which was waived for services provided by midlevel providers or increased to $50 if
services were provided in the emergency room (ER). The HMO used three additional strategies to
encourage patients to see generalists. First, all HMO patients had to select a gatekeeper physician
from a designated pool of providers. Second, although the pool included subspecialists, newly
enrolled patients found that generalists were readily available while subspecialists' practices were
usually full. Third, the practice expanded its branch clinics where patients could access primary
care in more convenient locations. In contrast, specialist care was housed in the less convenient
main clinic.
As intended, HMO patients with the same disease as their FFS counterparts made more use of
lower cost providers (more midlevel providers and generalists), avoided higher cost providers
(fewer specialists and ER visits), and received arguably more cost-effective services (less
expensive ancillary services and more selective use of specialists). For all seven diseases studied,
HMO care had fewer expenditures, adjusted for case mix, with most of the savings occurring for
patients with average health. The healthiest and sickest patients tended to receive the same total
outpatient resources regardless of insurance type.
According to Dr. Flood, these findings suggest that HMOs can achieve significant outpatient
savings by influencing which physicians treat HMO patients.
More details are in "How do HMOs achieve savings? The effectiveness of one organization's
strategies," by Dr. Flood, Allen M. Fremont, M.D., Ph.D., Kinam Jin, Ph.D., and others in the
April 1998 Health Services Research 33(1), pp. 79-99.
For Medicare purposes, over 200 medical procedures were deemed to be overvalued following
implementation of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Acts of 1989 and 1990. Medicare reduced
payment to health care providers for these procedures, while payments from private payers
remained relatively high. Eight medical specialties and individual providers within these specialties
varied in their response to lower Medicare payments in terms of volumes of procedures they performed, finds a study supported in part by the Agency for Health Care
Policy and Research (HS08046).
Ming Tai-Seale, Ph.D., of Indiana University, and colleagues analyzed discharge data from about
200 hospitals in the United States over 45 months to determine procedure volume responses from eight specialties experiencing varying
degrees of Medicare payment reductions for selected procedures. They found that the relative
payment margins from payers (amount that reimbursement from the payer was lower than
procedure charges) played a significant role in how physicians reacted to payment reductions from
one payer. Further, the ability of physicians to generate additional demand varied across different
kinds of procedures. Diagnostic procedures and procedures that were less invasive experienced a
greater increase in volume, whereas surgical procedures that were more invasive or more constrained by demand experienced less or no volume response.
Among the eight specialties—cardiology, gastroenterology, general surgery, gynecology,
ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, thoracic surgery, and urology—gastroenterologists provided
more non-overvalued substitute procedures to privately insured patients. Gynecologists provided
more non-overvalued substitute procedures to Medicare patients and less overvalued procedures to Medicare patients. Urologists provided
more overvalued procedures to both Medicare and privately insured patients, as well as
non-overvalued substitute procedures to Medicare patients. The authors conclude that fixing only
one payer's reimbursement policy is at best a partial solution to cost containment.
Details are in "Volume responses to Medicare payment reductions with multiple payers: A test of
the McGuire-Pauly model," by Dr. Tai-Seale, Thomas Rice, Ph.D., and Sally Stearns, Ph.D., in
Health Economics 7(3), pp. 199-219, 1998.
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3D Systems announced that it is teaming up with the White House, UI Labs, the Department of Defense and other industry and academic organizations on the recently announced Digital Lab for Manufacturing. As part of this collaboration, 3DS plans to deliver its latest Geomagic perceptual design to manufacturing tools including scan-to-CAD and inspection products into the center.
Headed by UI Labs and located in Chicago, the Digital Lab for Manufacturing is an applied research institute that is chartered with the development, demonstration and deployment of digital manufacturing technologies across key manufacturing industries. This White House initiative brings together 40 industry partners, more than 30 academic, government and community partners and an additional 500-plus supporting companies.
The lab is part of the proposed National Network for Manufacturing Innovation, consisting of regional hubs designed to accelerate development and adoption of cutting-edge manufacturing technologies. 3DS is also a founding member of America Makes (formerly NAMII), the first center opened in this proposed national network.
"Perceptual design and manufacturing tools enable digital manufacturing technologies to catch up with advancements in design," said Ping Fu, chief strategy officer, 3DS. "For America to lead in manufacturing, seamless digital threading needs to be readily democratized, localized and accessible; and the Digital Lab for Manufacturing is exactly what we needed to pave the way."
For more information, visit 3D Systems.
Sources: Press materials received from the company and additional information gleaned from the company's website.


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I just had a deep blue peel applied 3 days ago. I am starting to peel. Is it too soon to start running? I am training for a marathon in January and don't want to lose any endurance I have built up.
How Soon Can I Start Running Again After a Blue Peel?
Doctor Answers 6
Exercise after Obagi Blue peel
Learn more: http://www.veinguide.com/cosmetic-dermatology/35/obagi-blue-peel-.aspx
Running Again After a Blue Peel
You may need to curtail physical activity for the first week to 2 weeks after a medium depth Blue peel. Ensure you discuss your plans with your physician before resuming your training program.
Learn more: http://www.drkrisreddy.com/PlasticSurgeryCenter.html
Outdoor Activities after an Obagi Blue Peel
I always recommend waiting for 1 to 2 weeks afer an Obagi Blue Peel before resuming any outdoor activities, especially in Florida. A good water-resistant sunblock is important. If you are a fast healer and it was not a very deep peel then you can resume outdoor activities after one week.
Learn more: http://www.dorsetstreetdermatology.com/cosmetic-dermatology/obagi-medical-systems/
You might also like...
Exercise and Blue Peel
Medium depth Blue peels often do require a period of 1-2 weeks for dermal recovery. I often encourage to limiting vigorous exercise for those initial 2 weeks. You should, however, see you PS and confirm his regimen.
Running after a Blue Peel
It is best to check with the physician who gave you the Blue Peel. In general, with a medium depth peel, it is best to protect the face from the sun and other potential environmental stress until the skin is fully healed (7 to 10 days). Sun block is important if you are in part of the country with strong sun exposure. Running indoors should be less of a concern.
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Hi Port Saint Lucie682,
While each patient & treatment is unique, most cosmetic surgeons and dermatologists will advise to wait at least 1-2 weeks. Your skin needs time to recover, and premature exercise or running may delay healing or cause further problems. If you happen to heal more quickly, then you might be able to start exercise earlier. Speak with your chemical peel provider to help determine appropriate options for you. Best of luck.
Dr. Chaboki
Learn more: http://www.potomacplasticsurgery.com/med-spa/chemical-peels.cfm
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Authorities arrested 11 people, including eight in Escondido, on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol Saturday as part of a multiagency effort aimed at keeping drunken drivers off local roads during the Cinco de Mayo holiday.
The San Diego County Avoid Task Force, which includes officers and deputies from various agencies, conducted saturation patrols in the areas of San Diego State and UC San Diego and in Escondido, sheriff's Lt. David Gilmore said. The operations lasted eight hours starting about 6 p.m. Saturday, Gilmore said.
In Escondido, officers stopped 49 drivers and arrested eight of them on suspicion of drunken driving. Officers issued a total of 25 citations, including four for driving without a license.
Three people were arrested for drunken driving in the San Diego State University area.


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TAMPA — The cantor summoned his 13-year-olds — boys and girls he had tutored for their bar and bat mitzvah ceremonies at Congregation Rodeph Sholom. All year they had struggled together to master Hebrew readings. Now Cantor Moshe Friedler invited six of his best students to his house on Sunday at 4.
They weren't sure what to expect. He told them only he had written music expressing his feelings about the Holocaust.
Friedler had more in mind than that. The cantor had one more lesson.
• • •
During a vacation, he had read Elie Wiesel's One Generation After. It's a collection of stories and essays about Jews in the world today, and like all of Wiesel's writings, includes memories of the Holocaust.
All his life, Friedler has felt connected to those who perished. His father's family, except for one, had been wiped out. His mother's family escaped to Argentina, where he grew up. Wiesel's book made Friedler want to compose songs for all the lost ones. "The songs came to me like a waterfall inside my heart and soul."
He wrote Wiesel for permission. The Nobel Peace Prize winner wrote back:
"Do it."
• • •
On Sunday night, the students and their parents gathered in the cantor's Tampa living room.
He had composed a dozen songs. He recruited a string quartet from the Florida Orchestra. He also recruited a conductor and an ensemble of singers.
The cantor then gathered dozens of images of Jewish culture, and dozens more of its obliteration. He melded the images and his music on his Apple into a 45-minute DVD.
Friedler asked Rosa Modiano Miller, 80, to introduce his music to the boys and girls. Back in 1941 when Greece fell to the Nazis, she was about their age.
Miller told them how all her family had been killed except her mother, father and brother. They were spared by a quirk — they happened to be Italian citizens, which placed them under the jurisdiction of the Fascist Italian government. They were allowed to stay in their hometown of Salonica because of that.
But 79 of her Greek relatives, with 50,000 other Salonica Jews, were shipped to death camps. She remembers walking outside the morning after a night roundup and finding her neighborhood empty of life.
After Italy surrendered to the Allies, Miller's family fled to Athens using forged documents. Her father joined resistance forces in the mountains. They were discovered. They fled. They lived in hiding. An elderly aunt was forbidden to even pass gas. The aunt protested, "Do you think the Germans know a Jewish fart?"
They survived.
The 13-year-olds listened in silence.
• • •
The music began. Friedler had titled his collection Songs of Hope & Despair. The students heard his voice, deep and lush, the timbre of a cello.
"Everything is gone," he sang. "All I have are memories."
On the large-screen TV, they watched images of the glory of Jewish life depicted in the paintings of Marc Chagall, the great Jewish modernist. Then they watched Chagall's colorful paintings replaced by stark black and white photographs that showed the end of everything.
"Persecuted souls who never had a chance," Friedler sang.
They saw fathers, mothers and children starved to skeletons.
"The staring eyes all ask the ancient question, 'Why?' "
For 45 minutes, no one moved. They barely breathed.
• • •
The lights came on.
The six struggled for words. A parent tried to help.
"Our children need time for it all to sink in," said Debra Faulk, there with her son Zach. "It may be tomorrow. It may hit them when they're 30."
Jacob Harris has a godfather in New York who has tattoos on his arm from Auschwitz. He was 16 when he got those tattoos.
"He doesn't like to talk to me about it," Jacob said. "But I think he'd be happy that I came tonight."
The room remained solemn.
"Everyone has a different story," said 13-year-old Elly Bovarnick. She has read the diary of Anne Frank, a girl like her.
"We have different stories, but we're all connected."
That, the cantor said, was the one more lesson.


text:
The open method of co-ordination and the analysis of mutual learning processes of the European employment strategy
The purpose of this paper is to address two normative and interlinked methodological and theoretical questions concerning the Open Method of Coordination (OMC): First, what is the most appropriate approach to learning in the analyses of the processes of the European Employment Strategy (EES)? Second, how should mutual learning processes be diffused among the Member States in order to be efficient? In answering these two questions the paper draws on a social constructivist approach to learning thereby contributing to the debate about learning in the political science literature. At the same time, based on the literature and participatory observations, it is concluded that the learning effects of the EES are probably somewhat larger than what is normally suggested, but that successful diffusion still depends on a variety of contextual factors. At the end of the paper a path for empirical research based upon a social constructivist approach to learning is suggested.
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| Postal: Ludwigstraße 33, D-80539 Munich, Germany
Phone: +49-(0)89-2180-2459
Fax: +49-(0)89-2180-992459
Web page: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Schäfer, Armin, 2004. "Beyond the Community Method: Why the Open Method of Coordination Was Introduced to EU Policy-making," European Integration online Papers (EIoP), European Community Studies Association Austria (ECSA-A), vol. 8, 09.
- Perotti, Roberto & Alesina, Alberto, 2004. "The European Union: A Politically Incorrect View," Scholarly Articles 4553004, Harvard University Department of Economics.
- Alberto Alesina & Roberto Perotti, 2004.
"The European Union: A Politically Incorrect View,"
Journal of Economic Perspectives,
American Economic Association, vol. 18(4), pages 27-48, Fall.
- Alberto Alesina & Roberto Perotti, 2004. "The European Union: A Politically Incorrect View," NBER Working Papers 10342, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Alberto Alesina & Roberto Perotti, 2004. "The European Union: A Politically Incorrect View," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 2029, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
- Levy, Jack S., 1994. "Learning and foreign policy: sweeping a conceptual minefield," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(02), pages 279-312, March. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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- Отворени метод усаглашавања in Wikipedia Serbian ne '')
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Since 2010, Monsanto Fund has sponsored an America's Farmers Grow Communities grant program. Farmers enter to win $2500 for their favorite community nonprofit organization. One winner is selected in each of the 1271 counties in 39 states.
This year Lani and Brad Bismark from Nessel Township were the recipients of this grant. They donated the money to the Chisago County Fair. On June 25 there was a donation ceremony at the fairgrounds.


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International Business Machines (NYSE:IBM) posted its Q4 results on January 21. The company reported a decline in revenues due to cross currency headwinds and low demand for its servers. While the revenues declined by 5% year on year to $27.7 billion, the company reported 6% growth in net income to $6.2 billion. Diluted GAAP EPS also rose by 12% to $5.73 during the quarter, lifted by share repurchases.
Its core software business posted mid-single digit gains, primarily due to 5% year-on-year growth in branded middleware revenues. Furthermore, Global Business Services (GBS) revenues grew by 4% year over year in constant currency to $4.7 billion, buoyed by growth in its cloud computing and analytics initiatives. However, its Global Technology Services (GTS) revenues declined by 1% to $9.9 billion. IBM's system and technology division continued to disappoint and reported 25% year-over-year decline in revenues to $4.3 billion, due to product transitions and market disruptions.
For the full year 2013, the company reported 5% year-over-year decline in revenues to $100 billion, and 8% year-over-year decline in pre-tax income to $21.4 billion, due to losses at its hardware (server and storage) division. While software and GBS revenues grew by 3% in constant currency, GTS and hardware divisions continued to underperform their respective industries and declined by 1% and 18% year on year, respectively.
- Despite Revenue Declines, IBM's Strategic Initiative Focus To Pay Off
- IBM Earnings Preview: Revenues Expected To Decline In Q2
- Why IBM's Cognitive Solutions Segment Makes Up 45% Of Its Value
- IBM Earnings: Shift To Cloud, Strategic Imperatives Impact Results
- IBM Earnings Preview: Revenue To Decline As Shift To Cloud Services Continues
- Why We Revised Our IBM Price Estimate To $179
Server And Storage Division Drags Revenues And Profitability
Server and storage division, which was once the cash cow of the company, is witnessing a continuing decline in revenues. During the quarter, revenues for this division declined by 25% to $4.3 billion. Furthermore, the full year revenues declined by 19%, and the division also reported a pre-tax loss of $500 million, which negatively impacted IBM's overall revenues and profitability.
While revenues for System-Z, Power Systems and System-X declined by 37%, 31% and 15% respectively, Storage revenues declined by 12%. The decline in server revenues continue to reflect the expected weak demand in global server shipments in Q4. However, we expect that the demand for System-Z will rise as IBM's clients continue to demand mainframes with high processing power and big data analytics capability. It is in the back end of a product cycle and is an important driver for our revenue forecast of server division. We expect System-Z shipments to rise in the near future. Currently we project System-Z units shipped grow from around 21,000 in 2013 to 35,000 by the end of our forecast period.
Growth In Middleware Continues
The Middleware division, together with Operating Systems division, are the biggest contributors to IBM stock value and makes up nearly 55% of our estimate. During the quarter, the Software division (middleware and operating systems combined) reported 4% year-over-year growth in revenues to $8.1 billion. The key branded middleware reported good growth once again as revenues from this grew by 6%. IBM's flagship WebSphere software reported double digit growth at 15%. Furthermore, its Rational Suite of software and Social Workforce solutions reported modest growth at 1% and 3% respectively. Since these solutions cater to the growing markets that include mobile, social and security tools, we expect software division to post robust growth in the near future.
New Business Initiatives Drive Growth At GBS
The Business Services division (GBS) contributes over 11% to IBM's stock value according to our estimates. GBS reported a 4% year-on-year growth in revenue to $4.7 billion, buoyed by growth in Business Analytics (9% growth), Smarter Planet (20% growth) and Cloud (69% growth). Additionally, the company delivered over a $1 billion in cloud revenue during the quarter. As new verticals become a larger part of GBS, they'll contribute more to the top line performance going ahead.
GTS Revenues To Remain Tepid
The Technology Services division (GTS) accounts for 23% of IBM's stock value according to our estimates. During Q4, GTS revenues declined by 1% year over year to $9.9 billion. As part of a long-term strategy, IBM sold its customer care business process outsourcing (BPO) services business to focus on high margin verticals. [1] The divestiture of this business will be completed in Q1 FY14, and will negatively impact GTS revenues marginally in 2014. However, since the company continues to restructure the low margin contracts, its profitability will improve in 2014.
Order Backlog Improves
IBM reported a solid 2% growth in backlog to $143 billion, while the new signings for the company rose by 1%. The primary reason for the improvement in signings was good demand for outsourcing, which witnessed a 15% rise in new contracts. Going ahead, backlog will be negatively impacted due to sale of customer care business. However, we expect the backlog to improve, due to rise in the number of long term high margin contracts. Additionally, we expect that long term contracts will add more stability to IBM's services revenues in the coming quarters.
We are in the process of updating our IBM model. At present, we have a $234 Trefis price estimate for IBM which is about 30% higher than the current market price.
See More at Trefis | View Interactive S&P Capital IQ Analyses (Powered by Trefis)Notes:


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Holiday Search:
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Camino de Santiago - Camino de Santiago - The Coastal Way | 8 days | From £912
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France - The Classic GR10 | 8 days | From £967
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Slovenia - Lakes and Mountains | 8 days | From £857
Our Lakes and Mountains trip will have you spoiled for choice with the variety and quality of self-guided walks. You can explore amongst immaculate, hidden mountain valleys where strips of vegetables grow amongst the hayfields and orchards, discover enchanting, tiny villages brimming with traditional architecture, or ascend exhilarating mountains for amazing panoramas.
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Spain - Andalucia - Along the GR7 | 8 days | From £802
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Spain - The Catalan Coast | 8 Days | From £769
You just can't beat the striking combination of mountains and sea that this walking holiday boasts. The 'wild' coast of Catalonia has got both.
Turkey - Along the Lycian Way | 8 days | From £659
Follow the Lycian Way to Cape Gelidonia and head north to explore Myra and Aperlai on our budget version of one of the world's greatest walking holidays.
Turkey - Best of the Lycian Way | 8 days | From £659
Enjoy exploring the best parts of the Lycian Way at your own pace from a selection of carefully planned walks of this beautiful region.
Grades Explained- Easy
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Detailed grade info here


text:
Security Advisory for V4.5 & Google Checkout Users
WHMCS has released a new version of the 4.5 series and 5.1 series. These updates provide targeted changes to address security concerns with the WHMCS product. You are highly encouraged to update immediately.
The following WHMCS versions address all known vulnerabilities:
> 4.5.3 for the 4.5 series
> 5.1.3 for the 5.1 series
The latest public releases of WHMCS are available inside our members area @ www.whmcs.com/members/clientarea.php
Security Issue Information
The 4.5 series update addresses a vulnerability that can permit a malicious user to decieve a WHMCS installation into crediting a payment that is sent to a PayPal account other than the account configured within that WHMCS installation. The 5.x series is unaffected by this vulnerability. It is only possible to exploit this vulnerability if the paypal module has been activated.
The rating for this vulnerability is: important
The 4.5 and 5.1 series update addresses a vulnerability that can permit a malicious user to inject SQL via the Google Checkout module. This only becomes possible to exploit if the Google Checkout module has been activated within the WHMCS installation and so non Google Checkout users are not at risk from this.
The rating for this vulnerability is: critical
Download and apply the appropriate patch file to protect against these vulnerabilities.
For the 4.5 series, please use the file: http://go.whmcs.com/42/v452patch
For the 5.1 series, please use the file: http://go.whmcs.com/46/v512googlecheckoutpatch
To apply the patch, simply download the appropriate patch file from above depending upon the WHMCS version you are running, extract the contents, and upload the files from the /whmcs/ folder to your installation.
No install or upgrade process is required.
* An email notification is being sent to all active license holders regarding this patch.


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77 - 63 Final
North Carolina regroups, beats NC State 77-63Jan 27, 2010 - 5:23 AM By AARON BEARD AP Basketball Writer
RALEIGH, N.C.(AP) -- The pressure increased with every loss for North Carolina. So too did the questions about what went wrong and why the defending national champions looked so lost.
Imagine what would have happened had the Tar Heels not beaten rival North Carolina State on Tuesday night.
"We had no other option but to win," senior Deon Thompson said after North Carolina's 77-63 victory. "I don't even want to think about it."
Thompson scored 20 points to lead the Tar Heels (13-7, 2-3 Atlantic Coast Conference), who entered on their first three-game skid under coach Roy Williams. They fell from the national rankings during their longest slide since losing five straight nearly seven years ago under Matt Doherty, a period that feels like a lifetime ago for a program that since has won two national championships and reached three Final Fours.
And yet, these Tar Heels - who have matched their loss total from the previous two seasons combined - looked, well, desperate.
"We didn't want four losses in a row," said freshman Dexter Strickland, who had 14 points. "That would have been horrible. We just got sick of losing and we just played our behinds off tonight."
Larry Drew II had 18 points and seven assists for the Tar Heels, who also earned their first road win - something they desperately needed if they have any hopes of regrouping in the final month of the regular season.
North Carolina shot 51 percent and showed some of the fast-paced transition offense that has been missing this season. But the game turned when the Tar Heels held the Wolfpack (13-8, 2-5) scoreless for more than 8 minutes in the second half, helping the Tar Heels build a 17-point lead in front of a stunned crowd.
The Wolfpack had upset Duke last week by shooting 58 percent for the game, but shot just 29 percent after halftime against the Tar Heels.
It was North Carolina's toughest and most composed performance since the second half of its win against Virginia Tech more than two weeks ago. The Tar Heels didn't panic when Javi Gonzalez scored 15 of his 19 points in 4 1/2 minutes to help the Wolfpack erase an early nine-point deficit and go ahead by five early in the second half. Nor did they look rattled by the hostile environment, using a 22-4 run to build a big lead that would ultimately reach 66-49 on Ed Davis' layup with 3:58 left.
"We got that (fight) Saturday and Sunday in practice," Williams said. "I tried to make it as competitive as it can be and I wasn't very nice to them and they answered. They really did. I got on them a good bit after practice (Monday). But I think the toughness was there."
Tracy Smith scored 20 points for the Wolfpack, whose fans were eager for the struggling Tar Heels to come to Raleigh despite N.C. State's lopsided loss at Maryland over the weekend. But North Carolina improved to 13-1 against N.C. State under Williams, 6-1 in Raleigh.
Davis, whose status was in doubt due to an ankle injury, had 12 points and nine rebounds while taking the lead on Smith inside. Smith was swarmed by blue shirts much of the night and had two of his shots blocked by freshman John Henson on helpside defense.
"They did a nice job, but I don't think we did a good job of getting the ball to Tracy," N.C. State coach Sidney Lowe said. I felt that perimeter-wise we were very hesitant. There were several times he was wide open and we didn't deliver the basketball. That's a problem."
That put more pressure on the Wolfpack's perimeter, and - outside of Gonzalez's flurry - those players didn't respond. Freshman Scott Wood (three points), Dennis Horner (six points) and Farnold Degand (seven points) didn't offer much help, combining to go 5 for 24 on the night.
"We couldn't throw nothing in the ocean," said Wood, who was 1 for 8 from 3-point range.
Gonzalez's tip-in gave the Wolfpack a 43-38 lead, but North Carolina's defense locked in and gave the Tar Heels' offense a chance to build some momentum.
They tied the game on Thompson's turnaround with 13:30 left, then pushed ahead for good on Strickland's layup by two defenders a minute later. Next came a scooping layup from Henson, a dunk from Strickland off a turnover and then Thompson's rim-rattling dunk that had the North Carolina bench jumping in cheers.
Suddenly, North Carolina led 51-43 with 10 minutes left. While Smith scored to end the long drought, the lead only grew from there.
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North Carolina 77, NC State 63 FinalJan 27 7:53 AM
Jan 26 11:02 PM
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North Carolina 51, NC State 43 2nd - 10:01Jan 26 10:34 PM
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North Carolina 37, NC State 36 2nd - 19:24Jan 26 10:09 PM
Jan 26 9:51 PM
- Pennova98 Gotta say...this match up is giving the local area buzz around town...
North Carolina vs. NC StateJan 26 7:16 PM
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North Carolina vs. NC StateJan 26 7:15 PM
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North Carolina vs. NC StateJan 26 3:42 PM
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North Carolina vs. NC StateJan 26 10:16 AM
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North Carolina vs. NC StateJan 26 6:45 AM
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North Carolina vs. NC StateNov 19 2:51 PM
Related News
- Italy trip will give Keatts look at Wolfpack's early growth Aug 1
- Wolfpack adds former Buckeyes recruit Braxton Beverly Jul 28
- NC State's Anya opts out of draft, returns for senior season May 20
- NC State forward Abdul-Malik Abu pulls out of NBA Draft May 19
- Justin Jackson withdraws from draft, will return to UNC May 16
- NC State adds 7-foot Turkish center Omer Yurtseven May 16
- UNC's Meeks back for senior year after NBA draft flirtation May 4
- NC State's 1983 NCAA championship team to visit White House Apr 28
- UNC: Jackson, Meeks declare for NBA but not hiring agent Apr 22
- Attorney: NCAA also deserves blame in UNC fraud scandal Apr 19
- UNC's Williams aims to coach Tar Heels another 5-9 years Apr 12
- UNC reserve Kenny Williams III recovering from knee surgery Apr 7


text:
Simultaneous Fluoroscopic and Manometric Measures of the Oropharyngeal Phase of Deglutition
This study has been withdrawn prior to enrollment.
(Study never got started.)
University of California, Davis
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University of California, Davis
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: December 26, 2007
Last updated: May 26, 2017
Last verified: May 2017
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Detailed Description:
To validate the pharyngeal constriction ration, a surrogate measure of pharyngeal strength on fluoroscopy by comparing it with simultaneous pharyngeal manometry.
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Case-Only
Time Perspective: Retrospective
|Official Title:
|Simultaneous Fluoroscopic and Manometric Measures of the Oropharyngeal Phase of Deglutition
Further study details as provided by University of California, Davis:
|Study Start Date:
|June 2007
|Study Completion Date:
|June 2008
|Primary Completion Date:
|June 2008 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
The specific aim of this study is to validate the pharyngeal constriction ration, a surrogate measure of pharyngeal strength on fluoroscopy by comparing it with simultaneous pharyngeal manometry. Combined videofluoroscopic swallowing studies with pharyngeal manometry are commonly used in the evaluation of dysphagia. However, no published study has compared the results of simultaneous pharyngeal manometry with objective timing and displacement measures on videofluoroscopy. These objective measures, such as the pharyngeal constriction ratio, were developed here at UCD and are not yet routinely used by other practitioners. A secondary aim of this study will be to corroborate recent data in the literature suggesting that the presence of feeding tube through the upper esophageal sphincter does not affect the oropharyngeal phase of deglutition. This topic is currently under hot debate in the speech language pathology realm and has important implications for the evaluation of hospitalized patients with dysphagia.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Probability Sample
Study Population
UCDMC otolaryngology primary clinic
Inclusion Criteria:
- undergone pharyngeal manometry with simultaneous videofluoroscopy during the period 1/1/06 to 4/30/07
Exclusion Criteria:
- those who do not meet the inclusion criteria; pregnancy
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00584545
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00584545
|United States, California
|University of California Davis Medical Center
|Sacramento, California, United States, 95817
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of California, Davis
|Principal Investigator:
|Peter Belafsky, MD, PhD
|University of California, Davis
More Information
Keywords provided by University of California, Davis:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|University of California, Davis
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00584545 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|December 26, 2007
|Last Updated:
|May 26, 2017
Keywords provided by University of California, Davis:
pharyngeal manometry
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


text:
When you think of the front row at New York Fashion Week a few names immediately spring to mind: Olivia Palermo, Hanneli Mustaparta, Rachel Zoe and Zoe Saldana. But I'm expecting to see another famous face when the Autumn/Winter 2014 shows kick off on Thursday… Girls actress, Allison Williams.
Ever since the hit show first aired in April 2012, Allison has been making a play for the Best Dressed lists. She works with superstar-stylist, Christina Ehrlich (who also dresses Amy Adams, Penelope Cruz and Ashley Greene), and has played the red carpet game flawlessly, favouring big name brands like Christian Dior, Alexander McQueen and Oscar de la Renta.
Top: Wearing Oscar de la Renta Above: Wearing David Koma
Above: Wearing Oscar de la Renta Below: Wearing Christian Dior
Allison's signature look is feminine and incredibly polished. You couldn't call her 'edgy' but that doesn't mean she's afraid of taking risks. In fact, every time she steps foot on the red carpet I think, "Taylor Swift should be taking notes". Because this is how you do people-pleasing, elegant fashion without becoming predictable.
If Allison is a front row presence at New York Fashion Week I expect we'll see her at Oscar de la Renta, Diane von Furstenberg, Donna Karan, Calvin Klein Collection and Altuzarra. And, considering she flew to Paris for the Christian Dior Haute Couture show, I can't think of a reason she wouldn't be working the fashion week circuit in her hometown…
Are you a fan of Allison Williams' red carpet style? Do you also expect to see her front row at NYFW?


text:
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Landscape' started by martinhenson, Dec 27, 2013.
Took this on a Pentax MX, 28mm lens Kodak Trix in the Yorkshire Dales,
comments welcome
What are we looking at? A final print, work print, scanned negative?
The subscriber gallery is a good place to post images.
Sorry it is a scanned 35mm negative Developed in Ilford 1DII 1to1 at 20c
Thanks I will do that from now on, problem is I cant find the Gallery !!!!
As far as i know, the gallery is only accessible to subscribers. The OP is only a member.
Welcome to apug, Martin! To use the subscriber gallery, you must first become a subscriber. Then, go to the Gallery and click on 'Upload', and follow the directions there. Members can only see the thumbnails in the gallery, and can't upload to it. I hope you'll consider subscribing and participating fully. Again, WELCOME!
Welcome, Martin! A gorgeous shot, that.
Welcome to APUG
I thought you were talking about Cloudbreak http://www.tavarua.com/thrills/cloudbreak
Fine image with the dramatic effect of retreating fog.
I believe this forum is fundamentally dedicated to darkroom work and that scanned negatives are mostly accepted when it comes to discussing specifics that can best be documented with a scanned negative.
note to moderators : if this is going to open a wave of outbursts pro - con analogue/digital, then please close the thread - thanks.
I love it. BTW welcome to APUG.
Thank you Jeff
stunning shot.
great lighting and contrast.
Not entirely sure why, but something making it look like a miniature, possibly focal length,
but looks great


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- Alfabet
- Flower bulb history
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Greigii tulips
Flowering period: early
Average plant height: 20-30 cm
Spacing between bulbs: 10 cm
Type of bulb: bulb
Landscape uses: park beds, borders and rock gardens
Just like so many other tulips, T. greigii also comes from Turkistan. Since its introduction in 1872, great numbers of cultivated forms have been developed. This process is still under way and will no doubt continue long into the future. This group is currently the largest group of tulips closely related to (derived from) botanical species. The principle colours are red, yellow and white. Combined with their stunning spotted and striped leaves, these flower colours create an unforgettable visual impact. The flowers, large in proportion to the plant's total height, open wide in the full sun. These qualities make Greigii tulips unsurpassed for use in borders, rock gardens, and in pots. 'Red Riding Hood' is the most commonly cultivated and therefore the easiest to find in garden centres, etc. The fact that this little tulip naturalises so easily is certainly another big advantage.
Most significant cultivars:
'Ali Baba': deep pink flower with spotted foliage
'Cape Cod': apricot, yellow-edged flower with spotted foliage
'Compostella': oriental red
'Orange Toronto': orange, edged in red
'Oratorio': magenta-pink flower with spotted foliage
'Oriental Beauty': carmine red flowers with spotted foliage
'Oriental Splendour'*: carmine red, yellow-edged, spotted foliage
'Pinocchio': scarlet, edged in ivory-white
'Plaisir': carmine red, white edged flower with spotted foliage
'Sweet Lady': salmon-pink flower with spotted foliage
'Toronto': red
'United States': red
The best-known varieties are often sold in a mixture called 'Peacock'.


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Hawaiian Flower BraItem #: 8801709
4,90 €incl. VAT, plus shipping
Delivery until 23.09. possible**
Fitting for this:
Add the product directly to your basket by clicking the checkbox
Add the product directly to your basket by clicking the checkbox
Hawaiian Flower Bra
Swing your hips and dance the hula
The island at the northernmost tip of the Polynesian triangle is since 1959 the 50thState of the United States.The volcanic island nation has many different dances, but the most famous is probably the Hula.This is celebrated at each fixed with beautiful floral costumes and jewelry courageously.
The Hawaiian Flower Bra consists of two cups in red, which were decorated with many synthetic flowers in all colors.It closes this bikini top at the neck and back with a white mustache.Suitable for any beach party or fancy dress party is this Maui look with the hula skirt green and the Multi-Coloured Hawaiian Lei a real island dress.
- Scope of delivery: 1 x Bra
- Material: 100% Polyester
- Color: Colorful


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Immerse yourself in 7.000 years of history by booking a flight with Qatar Airways to Athens, the home of classical western civilisation. Founded by the Greeks and occupied by a succession of ancient invaders, this culturally diverse city is home to one of the Wonders of the Ancient World. Fly to Athens and walk in the footsteps of Socrates, Plato and Pericles, as you explore some of the finest archaeological sites in Europe.
There is enough history to keep you fascinated and enthralled every time you visit Athens. It is home to hundreds of historical ruins and temples, as well as the Ancient Agora, the Kerameikos cemetery and the Olympian Temple of Zeus. There are also some more modern (relatively speaking) attractions such as Panathinaiko Stadium, where the first modern Olympic Games were staged in 1896.
A trip to Athens has to include a visit to the Acropolis – the original ancient city centre that still dominates the landscape. The largest temple on the plateau is the Parthenon, dedicated to the goddess Athena, after whom the city is named.
There are also plenty of other activities to sample during a trip to Athens. All summer the Athens Festival runs cultural events including music, theatre, dance and visual arts. For a truly unforgettable experience, make sure you include a visit to the ancient theatre of Epidaurus.
Theatre lovers are spoilt for choice, with a total of 148 venues in and around the city, including the ancient Herodes Atticus Theatre. The Athens Concert Hall, also known as the "Mégaron Mousikis", hosts a year-round programme of opera and orchestral performances.
For 5-star dining head to Kolonaki, near Lykavittos Hill. Alternatively, visit Plaka at the foot of the Acropolis. Here you'll find authentic Greek tavernas specialising in local delicacies. But it's also worth wandering off the beaten track a little to discover family-run cafés and restaurants.
For on-the-go snacks, check out the street vendors selling souvlaki and tzatziki, a delicious combination of mint, garlic and yoghurt dressing over lamb or chicken, served in pita bread.
If you are travelling to Athens for shopping, you'll discover that it has a rich variety of both high-end retailers and boutiques selling unique Greek crafts. Leather goods are of particularly good quality.
There are relatively few shopping malls in Athens, so the majority of quality boutique shopping can be found in the back streets and alleys. This makes shopping in Athens great fun, as it gives you a chance to explore the old city. For high-end retail, head for Kolonaki or Kifissia.
Flights to Athens arrive at Athens International Airport "Eleftherios Venizelos", 17 miles east of the city centre.
Visa restrictions for entry into the country will depend on your country of origin, length of stay and whether your trip is for business or pleasure. So before you fly to Athens please check the visa and passport requirements.
Currency: Euro (EUR)
Voltage: 220 V 50 Hz
Plugs: Type C / D / E / F
Language: Greek
International dialing code: +30
Join Privilege Club and make travelling with Qatar Airways even more rewarding
Great car booking rates and personalised service available from more than 40,000 locations worldwide.
Explore Discover Qatar's stopover packages offered by Qatar Airways Holidays. Book hotels, desert safaris, city and architectural tours including visits to Katara Cultural Village, Souq Waqif and The Pearl.


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"After the ball is over,/ After the break of morn –/ After the dancers' leaving; /After the stars are gone…" The Gilded Age was a golden age of the dance. Society's dance, the dance of facades, with its tortuous and subtle steps: the twisted rules of a class that has spent too long looking at its own reflection. Each movement was as ethereal and intricate as frosting on a cake: dainty, melting and ultimately of little significance. The etiquette of leaving a calling card. Five changes of dress each day. "Training" corsets. Even sitting down was made into a dancer's sensitive art: a lady must sit with a slight twist of her hips, so her skirt would twirl about her like a silken froth, instead of crumpling beneath her in a confusion of fabric. A girl would dance for her life: for a life away from her parents, for her life as a grown woman, for her married life, for a life in her own home. The opening strains were heard within the dictates of society, its expectations, the lessons of behavior and beauty. The complexities of the polite world pushed her onto the dance floor, and it felt as firm beneath her feet as an acreage of marble saturated with light and music. But it was in the ballroom where her dreams of womanly success were tried. Thrilled and excited, the graduate – her hair coiled, her waist in pain – was wrapped in bobbin lace and diamante, with a dance card dangling from her wrist, its weight a tiny burden of unfilled promises. Seated with the other students in a bubble of whispers and petticoats, she would wait for an extended hand, for the polite pressure on her gloved arm – for the carefully shielded admiration. Every girl yearned to go to the ball. Her hopes, her desires, her frivolous ambitions ran through her gilded blood, and that starry event was their testing ground. Some would experience it, but others could only imagine it. But this girl, this girl…what of her? The grand balls of the era – Devonshire, Londonderry – attracted journalists, photographers and gossips like any red carpet event would today. And the morning after the ball, their speculations and pictures appeared in newspapers in every city for winsome, forlorn girls to pore over. This girl, her sheets a curving, graceful reflection of the gown she didn't own, reads an account of the ball she didn't attend. Her eyes are half closed as she merges fact with her fancies. She wanted to see her name amongst the attendees, to read a stranger's description of her dress, a cloud of nacreous taffeta that sparkled with galaxies of sequins, designed by…Worth? Doucet? Paguin? Redfern? Whom had she always wanted to wear? Her dreams would follow her like a shadow throughout her tightly laced day, as she helped the maid clear the table, as she trimmed the sandwiches for her mother's tea. But could there be another explanation? Her hair is still wrapped in a fashionable coil, and her shoulders lean at an exhausted, languid tilt. Perhaps she has had only a few hours' sleep – her journey home lit by the pastel light of a rising dawn. Her shoes pinched, but they hummed with the delicate steps of the waltz, the most desired of all dances. She still felt her partner's predatory fingers on her waist, as they tried to feel the curves beneath the whalebone and velvet. As she reads the paper, still warm from the iron, she looks for any mention of her: her lithe dancing, her glistening yellow hair, her tiny waist that swooned into the maze of skirts, the richness of her gown – its cloudy depths. In a hidden corner of her lace-garlanded room there could be a nest of silver. Curved with accidental folds, a sculpture of discarded bones and prism-like silk threads, her gown lies where she struggled out of it, chastened by a too-early sun. Did she tear it? Perhaps. The maid will deal with it. What type of girl is she? What are her hopes – do they have a chance of fulfillment? Is she reading about her success – or of someone else's? What does her future hold? It is hard to say. Some girls are just better dancers than others. "Many a heart is aching,/ If you could read them all;/ Many the hopes that have vanished/ After the ball."
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A report from the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation shows when more people are hunting, it is good news for conservation.
It's pretty remarkable that 13.7 million people (6 percent of the U.S. population age 16 and older) went hunting last year. The 2011 National Survey of Hunting, Fishing, and Wildlife – Associated Recreation shows a 9 percent increase over 2006. This reversed a previous downward trend.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service data show hunters spent $34 billion last year on equipment, licenses, trips and other items to support their hunting activities. Here is how the dollars break down:
Because of the increase in hunter activity and thanks to hunter-generated dollars, RMEF protected or enhanced more than 6.1 million acres of wildlife habitat. RMEF also added "hunting heritage" to its mission statement. A commitment to ensure a future for wildlife conservation through hunter-based support.
Here is what David Allen, RMEF president and CEO had to say:
"This is great news for everyone in the hunting and conservation community," said Allen. "But it's even better news for our conservation efforts to protect and improve habitat for elk and other wildlife. We strongly believe that hunting is conservation. This is also a reflection of the importance of our hunting legacy of the past and our hunting heritage as we look to the future."
"The more hunters spend on firearms, ammunition, bows, arrows and hunting licenses and permits, the more money is generated to provide the necessary funding for successful science-based wildlife management across the United States," added Allen.
Here are some brief highlights from the report:
The 2011 FWS report contains preliminary numbers and the final report is due in November. Click here to read it in its entirety.
Central Montana's Elk Woods Full But Quiet
By Jackalope Jordan
RMEF Chronicles Newbie Elk Hunter's First Bull
Trappers and Ethics
By Toby Trigger
If At First…Try Again (with Colonel Smoothbore)
By angelamontana
My Archery Elk Trip Into Montana's Bob Marshall Wilderness
By Kamp Cook
Elk Rut in Montana – Listen to Last Weeks Show 9/23/17
Montana Hunting and Fishing Reports for 9/23/17
The Most Important Thing To Bring To The Woods
Make Waxed Dirt Using Glass
Grizzly kills cattle near Dupuyer
By Moosetrack Megan
Calling Elk Effectively with More Than One Hunter
Poo Poo Screens Are a Good Idea…


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President Barack Obama retained power yesterday after a presidential campaign which featured vitriolic name-calling and the largest amount of spending yet on television advertising.
Looking at the US electoral results, Mr Obama will realise he has some work to do if he wants to bring together a nation divided along clear geographical, gender and demographic lines.
Republican challenger Mitt Romney won well in the south and central states, with Florida being the standout win there for Mr Obama.
Mr Obama won in the northeast and the west.
The sitting president also won clear support from women and younger people.
Such is the division in the US that even the two houses remain divided. The Republicans retain control of the House of Representatives, but the Democrats made surprising gains to retain control of the Senate.
Mr Obama will want to create a legacy in this four-year term.
To do so, he needs to, at the least, produce the perception that he can build relationships to get through some of his most coveted policies. Whether he can do so in such a ruptured political atmosphere remains to be seen.
It is possible for a US presidential candidate to win the popular vote but not the White House owing to the Electoral College voting system. With Florida and California being counted so late in the day, Mr Obama trailed Mr Romney for long periods of the counting.
Tellingly, some of the Republican candidates who were pilloried in public for their comments regarding rape - and that babies of rape attacks were "a gift from God" - lost their seats.
For a country which prides itself on being the world's greatest democracy, the voting system in the United States seems to erect endless barricades against allowing people to exercise their democratic right.
News feeds through the day indicated incidents of voter registration and election irregularities throughout some of the most crucial voting states.
In Florida, hundreds of people were still in line at Ronald Reagan High School in the Miami suburb of Doral when the doors shut, even though voters who had arrived before 7pm were entitled to vote. In some other Miami precincts, voting was halted when ballot papers ran out. Many voters gave up rather than weather six-hour lines.
Voters in some poor areas of Ohio were reportedly asked for their photo identification, even though that was not a requirement. And the address on the ID had to match an address book at the polling booth, again not a requirement.
Voting has been extended on parts of the East Coast until Friday to allow people displaced by Hurricane Sandy to vote by email or fax. There were reports of malfunctioning election scanners in Cleveland.
Irregularities aside, the world will watch closely as some important milestones near.
The so-called fiscal cliff arrives on January 1. At that moment, unless agreement is reached within the fractured Congress, $US600 billion ($NZ724 billion) of tax increases and spending cuts are automatically triggered. That amount alone is expected to cut 1.3% from economic activity, pushing the US back into recession.
Jobless numbers, although falling, are still high and figures out yesterday suggested that employers are not hiring. The job market remains very competitive. With 12.1 million people unemployed in September, there were 3.4 unemployed people, on average, competing for each open job. In a healthy economy, that ratio is roughly two to one.
Government debt remains high but the chances of the Federal Reserve stopping the printing of money soon remains slight.
The US remains the world's largest economy and President Obama has much to do to provide stability and security for a nation fractured by a nasty election. He has won his second term. Now, the hard work must begin.


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Tweets from @TBHomeTeam/writers
MORE from our HomeTeam writers.
Mon. January 20, 2014 | Rodney Page | Email
Northeast running back Keith Harrington visited Washington State on Thursday and returned Sunday. Harrington, who is expected to be a slot receiver for the Cougars, said he couldn't have been happier with his visit.
"I loved it,'' Harrington said. "I loved the environment, the campus, the coaches. I got to tour the campus and got to meet some of the players. It was great. I can't wait to get there.''
And as an added bonus, he said the weather in Pullman was actually pleasant for January. Harrington, who also plays on the Northeast basketball team, said plans to go to Washington State in the summer after graduation.
• Of all the Lakewood players expected to sign Feb. 5, Jocqui Ellison is the biggest name still uncommitted commit. Ellison was a key receiver, backup quarterback and punter this season for the Spartans.
He has gotten interest from Indiana, Western Kentucky, South Florida, Ball State, Bowling Green and Massachusetts but no formal offers.
"We're still waiting on Joc,'' Lakewood coach Cory Moore said. "It will happen for him.''
Moore said as many as 11 seniors could sign, but right now only three have committed.
"It could happen real fast and we end up getting all 11 signed,'' Moore said. "That's how it happens sometimes.''
• Countryside defensive lineman Steven Czop visited Winona State two weeks ago and Lake Erie this past weekend. He said he also plans to take trips to Black Hill State and Fairmont State before making his decision.


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FORMER Warriors junior Mark Ioane will make his NRL debut for Gold Coast this weekend against his old club.
Ioane has been drafted into the injury-hit Titans' line-up for Sunday's match at Mt Smart Stadium with Ashley Harrison (ankle), Luke O'Dwyer (broken jaw) and Matt Srama (fractured hand) all ruled out.
Joining the 22-year-old in the Titans' line-up will be outside backs Kevin Gordon and Brad Takairangi while 21-year-old Sam Irwin returns to first grade after his impressive debut against Parramatta three weeks ago.
Ioane said his call-up had come out of the blue and he couldn't wait to tell his parents in New Zealand the news.
"I've been waiting for this chance for a long while. It's been two years in the making,'' Ioane said.
"It came out of the blue ... Carty (coach John Cartwright) announced the team and I was pretty shocked and excited for it.''
Ioane's selection has forced coach Cartwright to shuffle his forward pack with Luke Bailey reclaiming a starting spot and co-captain Nate Myles moving back to lock to fill in for Harrison.
"Roles will change a little bit with Harro being out and Nate dropping back to the back of the scrum,'' he said.
"Luke was close to getting a start somewhere and it's through injuries he's got that chance.''
The Titans received good news on Harrison and Srama's injuries earlier today, with both expected to only miss between two to three weeks.
O'Dwyer is likely to be ruled out for four to six weeks.
Titans: William Zillman, Kevin Gordon, Brad Takairangi, Jamal Idris, Anthony Don, Aidan Sezer, Albert Kelly, Luke Douglas, Beau Falloon, Luke Bailey, Greg Bird, Mark Minichiello, Nate Myles. Interchange: David Taylor, Mark Ioane, Ryan James, Sam Irwin, Steve Michaels.
Originally published as Ioane to debut as Titans ring changes


text: David Cameron didn't really want Britain to have an EU referendum – he has made it clear he wants Britain to stay in the European Union.He promised in the last General Election that there would be a referendum, though. Why? Because he was worried about losing voters and party members to UKIP – the UK Independence Party headed by Nigel Farage whose lifeblood comes from wanting to leave the EU.


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Lenovo has launched an affordable laptop in India called the IdeaPad 100S. The laptop carries a price tag of INR 14,999 and runs Windows 10 out-of-the-box.
The Lenovo IdeaPad 100S comes with an 11.6-inch HD TN slim display with a screen resolution of 1366×768 pixels. It is powered by a quad-core Intel Atom Z3735F processor that goes up to 1.83GHz, and is coupled with Intel HD on board graphics. It comes with 2GB of 1600MHz DDR3L RAM, and 32GB of built-in flash storage that can be expanded via microSD card.
The Lenovo IdeaPad 100S packs in Bluetooth v4.0 connectivity, Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, two USB 2.0 ports, an HDMI port, headphone and microphone jack, as well as a 2-cell 39Whr battery that's rated to deliver up to 8 hours of use. The laptop bears a 0.3-megapixel webcam, and a standard keyboard.
The IdeaPad 100S weighs 1kg, and measures 292x202x17.5mm. The company is also touting Dolby Advanced Audio, apart from the two 1W speakers on board. The laptop is available in a Silver colour variant and comes with a 1-year onsite warranty.