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08 December 2011
Editorial: Video Blog on recent community events and CK information
I've been meaning to write an editorial or blog about the recent events in the Nexus community since Skyrim's launch and also to cover a few points regarding Bethesda's recent announcement on their plans for the Creation Kit and their Steam Workshop integration. However, I'm in the process of moving house right now and have come across the webcam I lost when I moved in 2 years previously, so I thought I'd put two-and-two together and try my hand at doing a video blog.
It's completely no frills, no edits, no cuts and there aren't any visual aids. It is, literally, me talking in to a camera for 37 minutes so if you're looking for flashy logos or video clips of me playing Skyrim then I'm afraid you're going to be disappointed -- it's 37 mins of my ugly mug talking to you.
I've never done a video blog before so go easy on me! I've been packing up things all day and currently sleeping on the floor so don't expect much, but expect something...because it's me!
07 December 2011
Skyrim update 1.3 releasedUpdate 1.3 for Skyrim is now available on Steam and is being submitted to Sony and Microsoft!
Update 1.3 Notes:
- General stability improvements
- Optimize performance for Core 2 Duo CPUs (PC)
- Fixed Radiant Story incorrectly filling certain roles
- Fixed magic resistances not calculating properly
- Fixed issue with placing books on bookshelves inside player purchased homes
- Fixed dragon animation issues with saving and loading
- Fixed Y-look input to scale correctly with framerate
Bethesda is also planning on supporting 4GB Tuning for PC (Large Address Aware) next week, so stay tuned!
05 December 2011
PHP Developer position open at the NexusWith the release of Skyrim Nexus and the success of the modding scene to date the Nexus server infrastructure has been stretched to its very limits, and so have I. Working 18 hour days for the first couple of weeks (along with Axel) I began to question the work load I put in to running the Nexus and the obvious options were to tone down the scope of the sites or to bring on some more professional help to alleviate some of the stress placed on myself and the servers.
I have enjoyed immensely working in and being a part of this community, I have so many fond memories of times past and friends who have come and gone, and I do not want to let go of 10 years of hard work I've spent running these sites and trying to develop sites that are a true service to this community, with the community's best interests at heart. I'd like to continue to do that, providing scope and direction for the Nexus sites (and to continue to do all the crap in the background I bet none of you think need doing, like the dreaded VAT returns of doom!) and leaving the clever stuff (like the coding) to the clever people.
The last time I asked for help back at the start of April I was lucky enough to find Axel, who has been coding like a true Dovahkiin (as all true Dovahkiin's do...) ever since. He's very close to rolling out the PHP framework he's been working on since he first started and then we can really start moving. You might not notice any differences to begin with, but over the next couple of months you'll begin to notice some pretty major improvements. On that note, I'm looking for another PHP coder. Axel and I have grand aspirations and want to bring modding to the masses, but we need your help to do it.
We have a full-time, paid position open for a PHP developer who is an avid fan of the games the Nexus sites support and who wants to get paid to work on bettering this great community we've created. You'll work closely with myself and Axel to improve the Nexus sites and expand their scope and reach while remaining true to our free sharing and open community. This position is open to people in the UK and the EU. Head on over to the job opening page to read up on what we're looking for.
01 December 2011
Bethesda announce approximate Creation Kit release date and Steamworks integrationBethesda have announced today that the Creation Kit is due to be released "in January":QUOTECreation Kit — Beginning in January, PC players will be able to download the same development tools we used at Bethesda Game Studios to create Skyrim. In tandem with the Creation Kit's release, we will roll out a new Wiki and videos to help you get started. It also features something we think you're going to love…
They've also explained, perhaps to justify the delay on releasing the CK, their work with Valve to integrate Steam Workshop into the Creation Kit:QUOTESteam Workshop – We're excited to share news that we've been working closely with Valve to integrate Steam Workshop into the Creation Kit. Using the Workshop, you'll have free user content with the push of a button. The Creation Kit will bundle your mod and upload it to the Workshop, where everyone can browse, rate, and flag mods for download. You'll be able to do this from any web device, including your smartphone. Like a live Netflix queue, when you fire up Skyrim, mods you flagged will be automatically downloaded and installed. Everyone here is really excited about the opportunities and possibilities this opens up for our entire community.
Prefer to use existing modding sites? Not a problem. You'll still be able to upload/share/access Skyrim mods on fan-created mod sites.
Details on this are rather limited right now so there's no point in writing with too much conjecture. My hope is that the CK has not been delayed specifically to get this Steam Workshop functionality in. There's a crap-ton of bugs the modding community could be fixing right now with the CK, so I'd rather think positively and imagine they're spending their time to ensure the tutorials/wiki/support and CK are all as user-friendly as possible to promote as many people taking part as possible.
At the moment Steam Workshop is only available for TF2 and it has a relatively limited scope. As someone who hasn't used Steam Workshop and stopped playing TF2 a long time ago I can't speak from experience, but the "How it works" page on Valve's site states:QUOTEStarting with Team Fortress 2, you can create and submit new items (such as hats, weapons, badges, boots, and more) for consideration to be incorporated into the actual game. If your creation is accepted for distribution in-game, you can even earn a percentage of sales.
The acceptable items, entry rules, and rewards may be different for each product, so please read the instructions carefully to see where your skills and interests can have the most impact.
By submitting an item to the Steam Workshop or accepting a revenue allocation for an item, you agree to the Legal Agreement.
I'd assume this system will change for Skyrim else the scope for Steam Workshop and modding would be rather limited and wouldn't make full use of the integration with Skyrim and Steam. For example there are currently 3,500 files submitted to Steam Workshop for TF2 however only 40 items have been accepted for download (from what I understand of the system), so that's 1 in 87 files being accepted on to Steam Workshop. To relate that to TESNexus, of the 24,300 Oblivion mods available for download at a 1-in-87 chance of being accepted would mean there would be just under 280 mods available for download from Steam Workshop. As I said, details are scarce right now so we'll have to wait and see what sort of limits Steam Workshop will place on modding. I think it's pretty safe to say that some of the more risqué mods aren't going to be accepted to Steam Workshop, but who knows!
I'm glad Bethesda have at least made the system open so files can be shared and uploaded outside of Steam Workshop. It's early days but my worry is that by integrating the mods in to Steam we may well see an influx of pirates on the Nexus sites looking for mods that they can't get through Steam Workshop. We have never accepted piracy here and have banned thousands of accounts for openly admitting to piracy. We buy our games here and support Bethesda (and Bioware, CdProjekt, Trendy, etc.), and if you pirate your games and feel the need to tell us about it you won't remain on these sites. We do not want the Nexus sites to be a bastion of pirates looking for mods. Pirates, you have been warned.
I'd also like to take this time to say "I called it" to the mod authors here (I said I would!) who took part in our 26 page private discussion about bringing money in to the modding community. Mod authors making money from their work is a cool idea, but a massive game changer as well. The implications are pretty big for the community. Modding communities are built on the free sharing of information, knowledge, wisdom, assets and files. Will money affect that? I'll be talking more with mod authors about making licensing the mods you upload to the Nexus easier and more clear; last thing we want is people worrying that by uploading their files here someone else might try to profit off their hard work. This is, of course, if Bethesda are going the TF2 route with Steam Workshop.
The additional exposure that Steam Workshop will provide to the Skyrim modding scene will be great, I'm sure, and there are some great mods out there that will benefit from even more exposure and the ease-of-install Steam Workshop suggests it will provide. There are some very positive implications and some worrying implications, however there's no point worrying until we get more information. Needless to say both Valve and Bethesda have never been ones for trying to limit the creativity of their modding communities and I don't think that's going to change any time soon.
Interesting times ahead. Lets wait for more news and try not to go off on tangents without having the full facts.
Update: A couple of people have tried to point out that talking about Steam Workshop opening up charging for mods at this stage is pointless since the Bethesda announcement clearly says "Using the Workshop, you'll have free user content with the push of a button.". Perhaps I'm a bit more sceptical over press releases but suggesting you can get free user content does not mean there won't be paid for user content as well.
If the Apple App Store had a statement reading "Using the Apple App Store, you'll have free user content with the push of a button" they'd be right and wouldn't be lying. There are many free apps on the Apple App Store. There are even more paid apps. But the paid apps in the Apple App Store don't make that statement any less true.
I decided to send off a quick email to Matt Grandstaff, the Bethesda community manager, to ask him about the potential for mod authors to earn money through the Steam Workshop system:QUOTEI just wanted to get some clarification on "mods for money". Obviously TF2 and Steam Works allow users to upload their mods and get money for it, and with this announcement there's some speculation that Steam Works is going to allow this for Skyrim as well in some form or another.
Matt responded:QUOTEOur focus with the Steam Workshop is creating an environment where users can create, upload, download, and rate free user content.
I tried to get a bit more clarification on this point as it still leaves a little room for interpretation (I want my clarifications ironclad!):QUOTEThanks Matt,
I'm sorry, I don't want to be a pain (I really try to not bother you folks at Bethesda at all)! Can you just confirm that mod authors will not be able to upload mods and earn money through the Steam Workshop? E.g. everything except Bethesda's DLC will be available for free download?
I just want to make extra sure before I go clear everyone's fears on this one!
Matt has not provided further clarification on that point.
I hate to be sceptical about Bethesda when they've done so much for this community, but this still leaves me sceptical.
01 December 2011
Fixes for patch 1.2 problems coming in incremental update next weekIn the announcement about the Creation Kit, Bethesda also shared some information about the broken 1.2 patch. An "incremental update" will be coming next week for PC (end of that week for consoles) that fixes issues such as the non-function elemental resistances (already fixed by SKSE) and backwards-flying dragons. No word on what else, if anything, will be fixed.
Bethesda also mentioned that their current focus is on "code" fixes, with "data" fixes (such as to quests) waiting until January at the earliest. You can also read their non-apology for patch 1.2:QUOTEWe all know this is a huge game, and everyone has a different experience. We'll continue to do everything we can to make the game better and better for as many people as possible every day. We've also realized that with the millions upon millions of people playing Skyrim, we need to treat our updates with greater care. If we get too aggressive trying to fix a minor issue, we run a risk of breaking something larger in a game like this.
30 November 2011
No Creation Kit Today and new NMM versionAs you're probably aware version 1.2 of Skyrim is due out at some point today. Some of you might have been expecting or hoping that the Creation Kit, the SDK software that will enable the more complex mods to be created, would also be released today along with this patch. Sadly that's not the case, as community manager Gstaff comments on the Official Bethesda Blog.
We're all just going to have to be a little more patient to get our hands on the modding tools. So continue to play Skyrim and learn everything you can in time for the eventual launch of the Creation Kit.
In other news version 0.12.11 of the Nexus Mod Manager has been available for download for a couple of days now and so far the feedback has been very positive with lots of important bug fixes in place. If you've been holding off on installing it or experienced problems before you might want to give NMM a go now.
28 November 2011
Skyrim patch 1.2 coming to PC Wednesday (November 30th)Bethesda has announced that Skyrim's second patch (1.2) will be coming to the PC (and 360) this Wednesday, November 30th. The update is already available for the PS3. The patch notes (see below) include a few PC-specific fixes including improvements "relating to remapping buttons and controls" plus a few general fixes.
Update: Bethesda has tweeted that the PC patch will be available "tomorrow [Nov 30] afternoon."
Update 2: The patch is now available through Steam.
Update 3: Ianpatt seems to have fixed the elemental resistances in the latest release of SKSE.QUOTE
- Improved occasional performance issues resulting from long term play (PlayStation 3)
- Fixed issue where textures would not properly upgrade when installed to drive (Xbox 360)
- Fixed crash on startup when audio is set to sample rate other than 44100Hz (PC)
- Fixed issue where projectiles did not properly fade away
- Fixed occasional issue where a guest would arrive to the player's wedding dead
- Dragon corpses now clean up properly
- Fixed rare issue where dragons would not attack
- Fixed rare NPC sleeping animation bug
- Fixed rare issue with dead corpses being cleared up prematurely
- Skeleton Key will now work properly if player has no lockpicks in their inventory
- Fixed rare issue with renaming enchanted weapons and armor
- Fixed rare issue with dragons not properly giving souls after death
- ESC button can now be used to exit menus (PC)
- Fixed occasional mouse sensitivity issues (PC)
- General functionality fixes related to remapping buttons and controls (PC)
28 November 2011
Scheduled down-time 29th of November 2011Just to let you know there is going to be some down-time early tomorrow morning around 8am GMT (which is 3am EST) as all the blades we currently used are moved and reconfigured in the data center. The hope is that this down-time will not last more than 30 minutes, but bearing in mind sods law, I'd gamble on it being closer to an hour.
You'll probably have connection issues and/or MySQL errors during this time.
Fingers crossed all goes to plan!
24 November 2011
1,000 modsSo we're just about 2 weeks in to Skyrim's global launch and Skyrim Nexus has reached over 1,000 mods available for download, which is pretty damn impressive without an available SDK! And for you nit-pickers out there, I deliberately waited until we surpassed the threshold of uploaded save games, so that's 1,000 actual mods and game files, not including save games.
I just wanted to post up a little something about what I, and the sites, have been through these past two weeks. Not least because I don't want you to think I've been sat on my backside rubbing my hands at some sick traffic figures!
To say that I wasn't really ready for the influx of traffic Skyrim Nexus received was a bit of an understatement, despite my 12 months of planning! The last benchmark I had to go off of was the launch of Fallout: New Vegas and the subsequent launch of New Vegas Nexus, which at it's peak received just over 200,000 unique visitors a day. So I applied some logic to these figures and thought an extra 50% (so 300,000 UV) on those figures, perhaps 75% (350,000 UV) would be a logical top figure. But no, Bethesda out-did themselves, and we've been pushing more than 550,000 unique visitors a day (and some 4million+ page views a day) since the game's launch. That's over 6 unique visitors a second (and 46 page views a second). And that's just Skyrim Nexus, not including the other sites. This traffic not only causes massive server load issues (and we're using some real powerful servers) but bandwidth issues too. The Nexus sites alone are pushing over 600mbit/second at the moment. The file servers are pushing 1Gbit. So put the two together and the network is pushing some 1.6Gbits of traffic a second (that's 205 Megabytes of bandwidth a second). So if you're wondering why the sites have been a bit slow at times, that's why.
After many sleepless nights I believe Axel and I (Axel is the site coder who's cooking up some seriously cool stuff for you all to enjoy very soon) have tweaked things in to a pretty stable state. You might be unlucky and hit a little blip here and there, but overall, things should be much more bearable now despite the traffic being pretty constant this past week. We're just now in the process of setting up a static content server with a nice, sexy, unmetered gigabit connection so we can continue to serve this stupid amount of bandwidth without it having a negative effect on the site load performance (and my wallet).
People criticised me when I put those video ads up on the downloads last year. I hope now you can at least partially acknowledge my foresight on the matter, being aware that Skyrim was coming out and that I would need the funds to pay for the ridiculous bandwidth and server bills. A note on those ads; they'll be coming off the other Nexus sites (they aren't on Skyrim Nexus) within a couple of weeks. These ads brought in much needed funds to pay for an upgrade in the site infrastructure. Prior to the release of Skyrim I had bought 2 additional super powerful servers to augment the 4 we were already using. And I've bought another 2 since then to handle and spread the load more. Folks in the EU will be getting a brand new file server by the start of December to download from, so stay tuned on that.
Over the last two weeks I also announced our work on the Nexus Mod Manager which is in Open Beta. The feedback you've all been providing has been invaluable, and I especially want to thank the vast majority of you who read-up on how we'd like bugs to be reported and have provided us with some good, detailed, bug reports. I cannot tell you how much easier it makes it for us when your bug reports are done properly! We're taking on all your advice, feedback and bug reports and working hard to get fixes out as quickly as possible. So if you're experiencing issues with one version, give it a couple of days and check back, more than likely if you've reported your problem it should be fixed in that time. There's a long way still to go on NMM and we've got lots in-store for you. Some great news on collaboration with another piece of well-known software as well, but I'll save that for another news post and another time..!
Looking on in to the new year I think I'm going to have to hire some new help pretty soon. These 18 hour days working on some sites that aren't my real job aren't really making me too happy! Hiring another dedicated web programmer and a dedicated software programmer will allow me to focus on the things that I at least kind of know, which will be acting as a community manager (and accountant, and server technician, and moderator...etc.) for you all. These sites have held up well on my code over the past 10 years, but my word I'm looking forward to moving over to Axel's stuff.
If you're going to take away one thing from this wall-of-text, it's this (aka. TL;DR:). It's been one hell of a ride these past 2 weeks and I'm glad we're all still here. I hope to continue to do good by you all for a long time to come. And watch this space, because super cool things are on the horizon.
23 November 2011
Vanilla Skyrim contains large parts of Tamrielposted by Agonofinis Game News
Screenshots courtesy of PPSH-41
This Tumblr post has been tumbling its way around the web recently, and concerns one intrepid explorer's forays beyond the borders of Skyrim's lands with the use of the game's trusty "noclip" mode.
What is interesting about Skyrim is that, rather than a few square miles of LOD surrounded by infinite water, as has been the case in previous games, Bethesda seem to have included the landmass files for the province of Morrowind, Cyrodiil and even more.
The blog post contains photographs and documentation showing the process the author undertook, but what is exciting for modders is that much of the work of generating the heightmaps and landscape for other provinces, a time-consuming and painful job, has already been done for them. Some have speculated that the files are in preparation for expansive DLC, or just to provide sightseers with a glimpse of something distant from the peak of Throat Of The World. Whatever the case, once the Construction Set is released, modders will waste no time filling this empty land.
To conduct your own expedition, open the console and type "tcl" to range beyond the invisible walls of Skyrim's east and south.
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American Red Cross
Link to First Aid and AED training courses.
American Heart Association
Answers to general questions about heart disease as well as CPR training.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Association
Information about sudden cardiac arrest.
We have not received funding from any AED manufacturer for the development of the web site nor do we endorse any particular AED. The following links do not include every brand or type of AED. We have selected these AEDs because they are commonly used.
Philips HeartStart Home Defibrillator
Physio-Control Lifepak CR Plus
Cardiac Science PowerHeart
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Collective Electrodynamics: Quantum Foundations of Electromagnetism
by Carver A. Mead
Cambridge, Massachusetts/London, England: MIT Press, 2000
(135 pages; $30.00, hardcover)
reviewed by David Haddon
The last seven decades ofthe twentieth century will be characterized in history as the dark ages of theoretical physics." With these opening words of his MIT monograph Collective Electrodynamics, California Institute of Technology professor Carver Mead throws down the gauntlet to loyalists of the Copenhagen School of quantum physics of Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. Mead, as one of the late twentieth century's leading experimental physicists, bids to revitalize theoretical physics for the twenty-first century while incidentally purging it of the "formalism" and "irrationalism" of the Copenhagen School.
Sir Joseph John Thomson cracked open the door to the subatomic world when he discovered the electron in 1897, but this realm lacked a distinct name until after Max Planck reported in 1900 that, at the atomic level, matter heated until it glowed radiated energy in steps instead of continuously along a smooth curve as expected. He called the smallest step the quantum of energy, and because this constant proved to be so significant, the term quantum came to be applied to subatomic or quantum physics.
But it was not until the 1910s that the young Danish physicist Niels Bohr brilliantly used Planck's quantum of energy in working out the "ladder" of energy levels of the one negatively charged electron that balances the positively charged proton of the hydrogen atom. He found that whole-number multiples of the quantum of energy matched the different energy levels of the electron in the hydrogen atom. When an electron fell to a lower energy level, the atom radiated a whole number of energy quanta as light, and when an atom absorbed a certain number of light quanta, an electron would jump to a higher level.
This stepped transfer of energy, along with the paradoxical results of experiments in which light and electrons sometimes did and sometimes did not form wave interference patterns, made it appear that light itself, as well as the electrons, sometimes acted like waves and sometimes like particles.1 In 1925 a young German associate of Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, worked out a statistical equation that predicted the wavelengths of the radiation from the atoms of different elements as they are observed in the light from the sun and stars. Using the quantum of energy, Heisenberg developed another equation that represented the limitation of precision (uncertainty) in simultaneously determining the momentum and the location of an electron.
Had Bohr and Heisenberg rested on these and their many other laurels, their legacy would not be so sharply challenged by scientists such as Mead today. But Bohr and the likeminded scientists associated with his lab in Copenhagen declared that the search for an understanding of the nature of matter had come to its limit with the observations suggesting that both light and matter (e.g., electrons) sometimes acted like waves and sometimes like particles. Bohr said that these two contradictory views of light and matter were complementary rather than mutually exclusive. He speculated that, at the atomic level, matter doesn't have a definite existence as either a wave or a particle, but has only an Aristotelian potential existence. Heisenberg promoted his uncertainty equation into the Uncertainty Principle and denied not only the possibility of knowing the path of an electron between observations of it, but even that it had a definite path to know. In Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science,2 he frankly admitted that the logical law of noncontradiction had to be set aside in his statistical account of atomic entities.
The Triumph of the Copenhagen School
Albert Einstein challenged Heisenberg and Bohr's interpretation as failing to provide a description of what happens to the atoms and electrons, but Bohr twice defeated Einstein in the eyes of the leading physicists of the era in public debate. Since then, Bohr's Copenhagen School has dominated atomic physics. But with the dawn of the twenty-first century, Mead has renewed Einstein's challenge, citing extensive experimental evidence of the exclusively wave nature of matter. Mead's simple but revolutionary idea is that matter is not made of particles at all; it is entirely made of waves. This means that, contra Bohr, quantum physical reality is not an unintelligible contradiction but has a perfectly logical structure. As Einstein put it, "The Lord is subtle, but he is not malicious."
Mead contends that Bohr's contradictory, statistical approach to quantum physics arose from (1) his failure to break completely with a Newtonian model of the atom as a nucleus surrounded by point-particles like planets circling the sun, and (2) the crudity of the experimental apparatus available in the 1920s. Bohr clung to point-particles by introducing the contradictory duality of the Principle of Complementarity: The parts of the atom had to be viewed as both particles and waves and, hence, as neither one nor the other. Nevertheless, Bohr and Heisenberg's statistical approach was effective enough to make many important predictions, and these successes helped make the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum physics plausible despite its abandonment of basic logic.
Even granting that cloud chambers, an apparatus used to observe the track of charged particles, are a relatively crude device, Mead may be unduly charitable in citing the experimental apparatus of the day as mitigating Bohr and Heisenberg's quantum misinterpretations. Even cloud-chamber evidence suggests that an electron has a definite and continuous path in spacetime. Indeed, the direction of the curved path of the electron in an electric field depends on the strength and polarity of the field and can be predicted. In the face of this kind of evidence, Heisenberg nevertheless declared that his Uncertainty Principle meant that an electron doesn't have a continuous path. In Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations,3 Heisenberg writes of cloud-chamber observations that "perhaps what we really observed was something much less [than the path of an electron]. Perhaps we merely saw a series of discrete and ill-defined spots through which the electron had passed." This seems to be a classic example of imposing a preconceived hypothesis on the recalcitrant observations.
Buoyed by their successes in predicting the spectra of radiation from hydrogen and other atoms, then, the Copenhagen scientists came to believe that their "mathematical formalism" defined both the ultimate nature of matter and the limits of knowledge about it (its epistemology). Bohr's skills as a debater in his two encounters with the skeptical Einstein in 1927 and 1933 further strengthened the claim that microscopic realities could only be described by mathematical probabilities. The 1932 award of the Nobel Prize in physics to Heisenberg for the "creation of quantum mechanics" added yet more momentum. Thus, the Copenhagen School succeeded in imposing its new orthodoxy as the final form of atomic physics.
In Physics and Philosophy, Heisenberg describes his initial revulsion against accepting the contradictory wave-particle duality. After one late-night discussion with Bohr that "ended almost in despair," he tells of how "I repeated to myself again and again the question: Can nature possibly be as absurd as it seemed to us in these atomic experiments?" (p. 42). But instead of questioning the contradictory wave-particle duality or at least suspending judgment on it, Heisenberg questioned—and finally abandoned—the rationality of nature. By contrast, early modern scientists had confidently affirmed the rationality of nature because they believed nature to be the work of a rational Creator. But later scientists, lacking the compass of revelation, quickly lost their way in the dark woods of the microcosm.
Bohr and Heisenberg both had a philosophical turn of mind and were not content with their dominant position as pioneers in quantum physics, the new frontier of science. They imposed a new paradigm on science itself. For over 300 years, mathematics had been fruitfully used to quantify, elucidate, and refute models that represented the underlying physical reality. But the Copenhagen School's insistence on the wave-particle duality (complementarity) and on the discontinuity of the path of an electron (uncertainty) rendered a physical model of what their statistical equations described impossible. Instead of recognizing the situation to be anomalous and temporary, they codified it as the final, definitive state of physics. Since their equations did make useful predictions about quantum phenomena, the Copenhagen School and many other scientists succumbed to the temptation of total mathematical abstraction from physical reality.
The physical model became superfluous. All that remained were the equations, which somehow yielded useful predictions but provided no clue to the nature of the underlying physical realities. Karl Popper cogently challenged this "instrumentalism," as he called it,4 but Copenhagen's instrumentalist definition of science now may be even more firmly entrenched than Copenhagen's quantum physics itself. Although the Einstein-Bohr debates became snarled with side issues, the central issue was whether or not science was obliged to describe the physical realities underlying the equations: Einstein insisted that it must; Bohr claimed that it was no longer possible.
Waves of Matter
Thus, Bohr led a rush to judgment by the Copenhagen physicists that fixed theoretical physics in a kind of mathematical-statistical limbo for the rest of the century. For Carver Mead, the result was a physics bereft of an intelligible concept of fundamental physical reality. But on the basis of the insights gained from his own experimental work with quantum phenomena, such as electron tunneling and superconducting loops, Mead has cut the Gordianknot of quantum complementarity. He claims that atoms, with their neutrons, protons, and electrons, are not particles at all but pure waves of matter. Mead cites as the gross evidence of the exclusively wave nature of both light and matter the discovery between 1933 and 1996 of ten examples of pure wave phenomena, including the ubiquitous laser of CD players, the self-propagating electrical currents of superconductors, and the Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms.
In the laser, for example, the peaks and valleys of the light waves are all perfectly aligned (in phase or coherent), emphasizing their wave nature. Similarly, in superconductors, the electrons of the current all take on the same phase so that they move in unison. And the Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter in which all the atoms act as one because all of the individual wave-atoms are likewise in phase or coherent. Thus, when the matter waves of electrons or of atoms are in phase, they display the same perfect alignment or coherence as the light waves of a laser.
The wave nature of electrons explains their stepped or quantum transfers of energy (that so puzzled Planck and others at the beginning of the twentieth century), because this is normal behavior for transfer of energy by standing waves. And the famous paradoxes of the absence or presence of interference patterns of light quanta and of electrons confronted with one or two holes in their paths are also explicable in terms of Mead's view of these energy transfers as instantaneous energy interactions between radiating and absorbing atoms.
If, as the examples of pure wave action suggest, light, electrical current, and matter are all fundamentally wave phenomena associated with the electrical charges of atoms, they can all be described by the equations of electromagnetism. Indeed, Mead's goal in Collective Electrodynamics is not to debunk Copenhagen, but to unify quantum mechanics and electromagnetism without using either Copenhagen's statistical equation for quantum mechanics or Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism.
In Part 1 of his monograph, Mead considers the current in a superconductor, which reveals collective electron behavior, that is, the way in-phase electron waves link up. Such pure wave action is absent in ordinary conductors because they are dominated by the interference of many electron waves of different frequencies and phases. Thus, the basic division of matter is not the Copenhagen division between large objects in classical physics and little objects in quantum physics, but that between out-of-phase or interfering waves of matter (classical) and in-phase or coherent waves (quantum). And Heisenberg's uncertainty equation is valid, but mainly as a measure of the uncertainty of location inherent in the natural tendency of waves to spread out if not confined.
Einstein's Vindication
So, in the light of the advances in experimental physics over the last 70 years, Mead seeks at last to definitively vindicate Einstein's insistence contra Bohr that "He doesn't roll dice" (understood not as a theological statement but as an affirmation of the "rigorous causality" that Heisenberg explicitly denied). Mead's work also vindicates theologian-philosopher R. C. Sproul, who, in his 1994 book, Not a Chance,5 criticized scientists who failed to conform to the basic presupposition of rationality, the law of noncontradiction. Boldly affirming on logical grounds that "a quantum leap is an illusion" (p. 47), Sproul predicted that scientists would eventually find a reasonable explanation for the behavior of electrons.
Mead fulfills Sproul's prediction in Part 5 of his monograph by mathematically tracing "the continuous trajectory of the state of two radiatively coupled atoms through . . . a 'quantum jump'" (p. 109). That is, contrary to the claims of some Copenhagen physicists that electrons do impossible things such as move instantly from one place to another without traversing the intervening space, electrons act as stepped but continuous wave functions and behave themselves with perfect intelligibility. And Mead shows all this without resorting to a statistical treatment. Thus, in place of Copenhagen's discontinuous, indeterminate, and unintelligible physics, Mead offers a continuous, determinate, and rational discipline.
In his epilogue, Mead acknowledges his predecessors: "Following the tradition of Einstein and Schrödinger, the pioneers in this new endeavor, Jaynes, Cramer, Zeh and others, have given us a great foundation . . . [and] have put us in a position to finally settle the Einstein-Bohr debate—with a resounding victory for Einstein" (p. 127). Their work and their critiques of the Copenhagen School's ideas helped Mead grasp the continuous nature of quantum jumps. But Mead's main positive contribution is to show how to unify quantum mechanics and electromagnetism by the most appropriate of the basic equations of electromagnetism.
Philosophical Implications
Although Mead's equations are continuous and determinate, they need not be interpreted as affirming a determinism that rules out free will. Karl Popper's devastating critique of inductivism and positivism holds that scientific theories can never be "proven," "verified," or "established," but must always remain tentative. Hence, they are never strong enough to support the kind of determinism Laplace tried to impose on the basis of Newtonian physics. Popper specifically rejects a physical determinism of thought and action.6 Nevertheless, he also rejects with asperity the indeterminist physics of Heisenberg7 that makes quantum physical reality unknowable.
Bohr's famous dictum that "A great truth is a truth of which the contrary is also a truth" betrays the irrational turn of mind that tarnished his brilliance as a scientist.8 Indeed, in their haste to appropriate the paradoxes of quantum physics for philosophical speculation and in their retreat from reality into an instrumental definition of science, Bohr and Heisenberg undermined the rationality of science itself. The unfortunate cultural consequences of Copenhagen's irrationalism include the use of quantum physics as a basis for post-modernism in philosophy, and cultural studies as a basis for apologetics for oriental religions, such as Fritjoff Capra's The Tao of Physics.9
Conversely, the return to reason of a hard science such as physics militates against the attacks on rationality by oriental religionists, New Agers, postmodernists, and cultural constructionists. This reemergence of a rational physics tends to support the biblical revelation of the Creator as rational (the Word or Logos of God), but we must remember that basing theology on empirical science is always a mistake.
Despite its mathematical rigor, professional apologists, philosophers, and Christian faculty in the sciences may want a copy of this breakthrough book heralding the end of Zen physics for its brief but incisive verbal critique of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum physics. Mead, of course, could be wrong on many points of his argument unifying quantum physics and electromagnetism. He may even be wrong in his claim that matter is a purely wave phenomenon. (Mead's is not the only alternative to Copenhagen that preserves the rationality of quantum reality.) But Copenhagen can't possibly be right in its claim that quantum reality is irrational—or science as a rational discipline ends right there.
Since physics seems to be headed for a major self-correction, Christians in science and theology should inform themselves and their communities of this salutary revolt against irrationalism in physics by secular scientists. Those theologians heavily invested in arguments for free will based on twentieth-century quantum mechanics are likely to be disappointed by this news, but the demise of Newtonian physics at the beginning of the twentieth century was fair warning against basing theology on the shifting sands of empirical science. Nevertheless, this news of the reopening of a science to reason shows that God's common grace is not absent from the world of science.
1. For a resolution of the apparent wave-particle behavior of light quanta and certain electrons, see physicist John Gribben's engaging Schrödinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality (New York: Little Brown and Co., 1995).
2. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1962, p. 181.
3. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1971, p. 78.
4. In Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 2d ed.), Popper wrote that Bohr's "so called principle of complementarity . . . amounted to a 'renunciation' of the attempt to interpret atomic theory as a description of anything. . . . Thus the instrumentalist philosophy was used here ad hoc in order to provide an escape for the theory from certain contradictions by which it was threatened." Popper continues: "The instrumentalist view asserts that theories are nothing but instruments, while the Galilean view was that they are not only instruments but also—and mainly—descriptions of the world" (pp. 100–101, italics in the original). For Popper, the issue was nothing less than the survival of our scientific and philosophical heritage from the Greeks of "the tradition of critical discussion—not for its own sake, but in the interests of the search for truth" (p. 101).
5. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1994.
6. Conjectures and Refutations, pp. 61, 293ff.
7. The Logic of Scientific Discovery (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1968), pp. 248–250.
8. In writing about Bohr's radical view of philosophical language as ambiguous, Paul Dirac cites Bohr's own illustration: "'There is a God' [is] a statement of great wisdom and truth, and the converse 'There is no God' [is] also a statement of great wisdom and truth" (Niels Bohr: His Life and Work as Seen by His Friends and Colleagues, [Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Co., 1968], p. 309).
9. Kopel, Dave, "Uncertain Uncertainty: Postmodernism Unravels," National Review Online, April 4, 2002, 8:30 a.m. Kopel traces some roots of postmodernism to the Copenhagen School but has noproblem with Copenhagen's Zen connection. Indeed, some eminent mathematicians and physicists such as John von Neumann and David Bohm have believed Copenhagen's most extreme claim, that the consciousness of the observer affects quantum processes. But even many Copenhagen loyalists have abandoned this claim, and John Gribben, again in Schrödinger's Kitten, op. cit., shows how the details of the instrumentation of the experiments and not the presence of a conscious observer affected the processes.
David Haddon is an author from Redding, California, who has written for InterVarsity Press and Baker Book House and whose articles have appeared in Christianity Today, National Review, and Learning. He holds a BS in engineering from the University of California at Berkeley and an MA in politics and literature from the University of Dallas. A shorter version of this review first appeared in the Spring 2002 issue of SCP Newsletter, Berkeley, California, an Evangelical apologetics publication.
David Haddon is an author from Redding, California, who has written for InterVarsity Press and Baker Book House and whose articles have appeared in Christianity Today, National Review, and Learning. He holds a B.S. in engineering from the University of California at Berkeley and an M.A. in politics and literature from the University of Dallas.
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O Ministério Público ouviu ontem, 3a.feira (16/11) dois homens convocados a depor na Operação Exterminador do Futuro, que prendeu, na semana passada, seis pessoas acusadas de promover aborto.
Entre elas, o médico, ex-deputado estadual e ex-prefeito de Maracanaú, Dionísio Broxado Lapa Filho. Ele é dono de uma clínica no Bairro de Fátima.
O promotor Marcos William Leite explica que os dois homens ouvidos ontem foram chamados porque teriam intermediado abortos. Segundo ele, os dois admitiram que conversaram com o médico Dionísio Broxado, mas apenas um confessou que o aborto chegou a ser realizado.
Os dois devem ser indiciados. A expectativa era de que outras quatro pessoas prestassem depoimento ontem, mas elas não compareceram ao Ministério Público.
"Duas apresentaram atestado médico e ficaram de depor amanhã (hoje)", informa o promotor. Caso as pessoas notificadas não compareçam novamente, terão de ser "conduzidas coercitivamente."
Ao todo, o Ministério Público convocou 11 pessoas a depor. Até agora, só cinco depuseram: duas ontem e três no último dia 12. Nem todos os depoentes estão implicados no crime, mas podem oferecer informações que ajudariam a Polícia Civil a identificar outros envolvidos nos abortos.
Durante os sete meses de investigação, foram captadas escutas telefônicas e imagens que comprovam a prática de aborto na clínica Dionísio Lapa, no Bairro de Fátima, e no Hospital Associação Beneficente e Médica de Pajuçara, em Maracanaú. Foi descoberto que cerca de cinco mulheres eram atendidas por dia na clínica clandestina.
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text:
ELYRIA — A man who lost his wallet after playing music for a church service got the wallet back this week in the mail with a note.
Unfortunately, the wallet did not contain a bank debit card, which had been used to make multiple purchases totaling about $275 before the man canceled it, police said.
The man told police he had received a ride April 27 to the Second Baptist Church at 327 Chapman Lane from his pastor.
When he left that church for services at a second church later in the day, he discovered he didn't have his wallet and a cardholder, both of which were in his back pocket.
A medical card was the only item found in the pastor's car, which had been used since the man was given a ride to church, reports said.
On Wednesday, the man received an envelope in the mail containing his wallet and a letter that stated the wallet was found on Elm Street.


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Jason and Sam are mortified when they come downstairs after spending the night together only to face the unexpected audience of Maxie, Spinelli, Robin, Patrick, Molly and Kristina. Molly speaks with Jason alone, warning him not to break Sam's heart again as Sam secretly eavesdrops.
At the same time, Nikolas covers his real feelings when Lucky tells him Elizabeth accepted his proposal. Nikolas offers bitter congratulations to Elizabeth when he encounters her on the docks.
Meanwhile, Ethan asks Edward to try and warn Rebecca away from Nikolas. Shortly thereafter, Patrick is quick to point out that Elizabeth doesn't seem as happy as sheshould be when she tells him she's going to remarry Lucky. As Patrick tries to talk some sense into Elizabeth, Robin has a conversation with Maxie. Maxie soon confesses to Robin that although she truly loves Spinelli more than anything, she really doesn't want to get married.
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BENRO C2580T vs gitzo GT2541
Thanks for the comments and yes, you are right that I've been doubting for a period.
Why.. well, I'm not somebody who buys something in an impuls. Maybe I doubts to much, that true but I can spend my money only once. I'm also not a professional but even though, I don't want to buy something which in the outdoors doesn't give me the results I expect. Even when something costs me only 10 euro's, if it seems not to work for me, I regret buying it.
Second, I don't have a lot of experience with using tripods so probably I don't know what I miss. If I was a tripod user for years and it would broke, I've allready bought one new.
I'm indead looking at tripods for some time but not on a a daily base. That would be terrible. The idea of buying one comes up, I consider, don't deside and then the idea flushes away for weeks, months and then it returns...
A shop in my area doesn't sell Markins heads but has benro tripods. I think, I buy the Q10 first and go with it the this shop and test is on the Benro. If I like it, I save 300 euro and buy one, if not, I go the gitzo route.... Would that make sence? Probable it will
But unfortunately my laptop died yesterday..... It from 2006 so end of life.
|Post (hide subjects)
|Posted by
|Nov 3, 2012
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|Nov 4, 2012
|Nov 4, 2012
|.....the ROYAL LOTUS 2017/08/25-NEW YORK..... by Chiwat
from Wild flowers
|Coffee and Mango cake by clicker88
from Another cup of coffee


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I like the
fun add($x, $y) { $x + $y }
or perhaps
$add = fun($x, $y) { $x + $y }
eh? nice and short. Though now that I look at it, 'func' might be slightly more readable for the uninitiated. But they might have other problems with this fun insanity!
now I have this song in my head...
"...conjunction junction, what's your function..."
I'd like to see "function" (or a variant) reserved for something carrying some promise of being side-effect free. That'd be useful for functional programming.
I'd suggest "procedure" or something like it for ordinary subs. I wouldn't even consider trying mixing prototypes and signatures, so I'd like to keep "sub" as is.
That way, you've covered three major programming styles.
proc would work nicely.
I'd like to keep it short, i.e. "fun" or "def". "procedure" feels like lower-case COBOL.
(or, you could use the actual greek symbol)


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Yea hair pills do work. I was taking nutralite for hair skin and nails and they did help my hair grow faster. Biotin supplements work too if you want to go a generic route. And there are homemade ways you can do steam treatments here's a link if you want to experiment.
How To Steam Natural Hair Without a Steamer | Curly Nikki | Natural Hair Styles and Natural Hair Care


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Seven Rules for Superior Information Technology Performance
Do It Smart
Seven Rules for Superior Information Technology Performance
In Do IT Smart, experts Rolf-Dieter Kempis and Jürgen Ringbeck along with the McKinsey team identify four cultures of IT users -- stars, big spenders, cautious spenders, and laggards -- based on how efficiently and effectively the users manage IT. The stars stand out because their strong command of IT means they are better able to manage core processes such as R&D, sales and service, and order processing, which in turn produces tangible payoffs in profitability, growth, and market share. From their study of star performers, the authors formulate seven rules for developing a superior IT organization. First, they argue, managers must make IT a top management issue and, second, a priority in product development. IT must be viewed as a strategic tool so that IT strategy can be aligned with business strategy. Clear objectives must be set, and core business processes redesigned. Warning that IT is reaching saturation in administrative applications, the authors describe how it is far more profitable to integrate IT into marketing, sales, and customer service. Finally, they describe how all these elements must be brought together into a lean, customer-oriented IT network.
McKinsey's breakthrough study shows that as organizations are increasingly overwhelmed with data, IT will become more of a dividing line between the winners and the losers. IT stars will make quantum leaps in effectiveness, while poor management of IT results in a cost explosion. Managers and information officers who want their business to keep and gain the competitive edge IT offers need this unprecedented insight into how to Do IT Smart.
- Free Press |
- 224 pages |
- December 1999
Browse Related Books
Reading Group Guide
1. What are the characteristics of excellent IT management? How does technical performance translate into business success? What are the value drivers top managers should look at? How powerful is the real overall impact of IT on business performance and core business process excellence? (Introduction, pp. 3-10, 189-193)
2. Why should managers give IT priority in product development? What distinguishes a superior product development process, and what are the differentiating IT systems that IT stars have in place/are planning to introduce shortly? (pp. 27-52)
3. What are the critical applications that are currently revolutionizing the marketing and sales process? What are the most important performance levers that IT stars focus on? (pp. 53-65)
4. What are the crucial conditions for successfully applying IT in manufacturing and logistics? To what extent does the type of business matter when using IT for planning on the shop floor level? (pp. 66-79)
5. What are the most important guidelines for organizing IT management? When does it pay to outsource IT services? How do IT stars excel with a sophisticated IT planning and control process? (pp. 103-129)
6. Every month new software and hardware releases/products claim to improve technical performance. What is the right approach for planning replacements of large standard SW packages? When does it pay to be an early adopter, and when should a company search for individua see more


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Former England rugby league star Ikram Butt has been named as an ambassador for the British Asian Trust.
Mr Butt, who founded the British Asian Rugby Association in Bradford, was recognised by the trust for his fundraising efforts on behalf of the Pakistan Recovery Fund, which provides help to victims of the country's devastating floods.
The organisation was set up in 2009 by a group of British Asian business leaders at the suggestion of Prince Charles and aims to bring lasting change to the lives of poor people in South Asia through access to education, health and better livelihoods.
So far the trust has helped more than 350,000 people.
Executive director Hitan Mehta said: "Ikram's work in organising and delivering high impact rugby fundraising events to support the Pakistan Recovery Fund have contributed significantly to our efforts in the region.
"He will be joining the likes of DJ Nihal Arthanayake, actor Sanjeev Bhaskar and Indian cricketer Rahul Dravid in fulfilling a valuable role of raising awareness of our development work across South Asia and the UK."
Mr Butt said: "This is a tremendous honour and I'm delighted to be recognised in such a way by the British Asian Trust. I will continue to support the Pakistan Recovery Fund and the British Asian Trust to further enhance their profile in the UK and in South Asia."
Leeds North West MP Greg Mulholland, who is chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Rugby League Group, said: "Ikram is truly an inspirational role model who continues to break down barriers and help grow our sport. We are delighted that his hard work and contributions to rugby league is being recognised by the British Asian Trust."
Mr Butt was also recently awarded an honorary doctorate in sport science by Leeds Metropolitan University.


text:
If you suffer from over sensitivity this may be triggered by a number of different sources, from psychic energies to geopathic stress, through to electrical EMF vibrations from cellphones, smart meters wifi etc…
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text:
Farmers in Nebraska have been hit hard by snow-storms recently. In some areas snow-blocked roads have prevented processing plants from picking up milk. More than a million gallons of milk have been dumped in Nebraska as a result of the snow, reports KETV News.
The heavy snow-fall has also collapsed the roofs of barns in Nebraska and other parts of the country.
Read Neb. dairy farm recovering from roof collapse and Dairy barn at fairgrounds collapses
Watch the KETV News broadcast here, Dairy Farmers Battle On Despite Winter
Source: KETV News


text:
The Twin Cities has seen a decline in meth addicts seeking treatment, accoring to the Minnesota Department of Human Services. The department says meth-related admissions dipped to about 6 percent of treatment center admissions in the first half of 2008. That's about half the rate for the same time period in 2005.
Carol Falkowski compiled the data. She says the good news doesn't stop with the lower admissions numbers.
"In addition to that a shrinking proportion of those are adolescents," Falkowski says. "And this is very encouraging because there was one point where meth use among adolescents in the Twin Cities exceeded meth use among adolescents nationally."
Patients under 18 accounted for 1 percent of meth-related admissions in the first half of last year. Five years ago that age group made up nearly 18 percent of admissions.
Falkowski says several influences have brought meth use down including community awareness, law enforcement pressure and a state law restricting the sale of pseudo-ephedrine which is used to make meth.
Meth cases represented about 1 in 20 metro area treatment admissions in the first half of last year. The decline continues a trend that has been occuring since meth treatment hit a high mark of about 1 in eight admission in 2005.


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[18 May 2008]
The Dallas Morning News (MCT)
Imagine you're a black person living in the South during the first half of the 20th century, several decades after the end of slavery. You are supposedly free.
Yet at any time and any place you could meet with a trumped-up criminal charge: vagrancy, leaving your job without permission or something even flimsier. Then you could be locked up, face a sham trial and get leased to a mining company or farm. Once there you might be worked to death.
These are the conditions described in Douglas Blackmon's chilling, doggedly reported and researched Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II.
Now imagine that the constant threat of such de facto slavery has made you desperate to find greener pastures, even if it means leaving the only region you've ever called home. Tantalized by word of a place where urban black culture is coalescing into a genuine movement, you join thousands of others and pick up and journey to Harlem.
Once there you find a magnetic West Indian street orator with huge ideas, including repatriating to Africa. As Collin Grant writes of the determined migrants in his sweeping biography Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey, "At first they'd searched nervously for the familiar strictures of `whites only' and `for colored' facilities, but before long were testing the boundaries of their new-found freedom, taking up seats beside white passengers who did not flinch."
No two books can give a comprehensive look at what it was like to be a black American near the turn of the century. The subject is too vast, the experiences too varied. But Slavery by Another Name and Negro with a Hat combine for an excellent place to start. Full of surprises both haunting and revelatory, they also form a sort of bridge to the present day, when old Southern justice can rear its head in small Texas towns, and echoes of Black Nationalism can affect a presidential campaign.
Even those who have studied the period will gasp and do double takes as they carve through Blackmon's book. The Atlanta bureau chief for The Wall Street Journal and a white son of the Mississippi Delta, he writes and accumulates details with the seriousness of purpose that suggests a desperate but controlled need to put the unfathomable on paper. He describes an extremely profitable system in which sheriffs, judges, governors and factory and farm owners were complicit. Countless black men, women and children were caught in the web.
Take the story of John Davis, who took a walk down a long Georgia road to see his ill wife, Nora, in September 1901. He was stopped by a constable and owner of a dry goods store, Robert N. Franklin. Franklin insisted that Davis, whom he had never met, owed him cash for goods.
Soon another constable appeared, talking of an arrest warrant that was never produced. Davis was arrested on a charge that was never specified, then leased to a powerful farmer, John Pace. He was also assessed fines for the cost of his conviction. How could he pay it all off? Hard labor, of course. And once that labor was completed, another trumped-up charge could keep him toiling for perpetuity. Davis, however, survived to testify against Pace before a federal grand jury.
Racism was hardly confined to the South. As Grant points out in his kaleidoscopic portrait of Garvey and his times, the "Red Summer" race riots of 1919 went as far north as Chicago, and Philadelphia had its turn the year previous. But the streets of New York were still a cultural universe away from the roads of Alabama and Georgia. They had room for a Jamaican-born firebrand to reach prominence preaching black power and Pan-African identity atop a Harlem street-corner soapbox.
Grant, an independent historian who also works for BBC Radio, tackles the whole Garvey, from tireless entrepreneur (he made waves throughout the international black community by launching his Black Star shipping line) to agitator (his ideological beef with the more moderate W.E.B. Du Bois is covered in several contexts) to demagogue.
But like most dedicated biographers he also paints a lively picture of a time, a place and its people. The century's first Red scare provides a backdrop for much of the story, as agents from the BOI (Bureau of Information, the precursor to the FBI) zero in on Garvey's UNIA as a suspected hotbed of Bolshevik activity.
Garvey's master plan of mass immigration to Liberia never came to pass, and charges of financial malfeasance dogged him until his death in 1940. But his ideological influence was enormous. Without Garvey's example as an orator and organizer it's difficult to imagine the emergence of Malcolm X, or, for that matter, Jeremiah Wright. Black nationalism was around before Garvey, but it was never as visible.
Sadly, the echoes of Slavery by Another Name also ring loud and clear. Southern racism may not be as sanctioned or institutionalized as it once was, but it's still possible for police in the Texas Panhandle town of Tulia to imprison 39 black residents on bogus drug charges. That was just nine years ago. The convictions were overturned. The scars linger.
Published at: http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/slavery-by-another-name-by-douglas-a-blackmon/