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Please post any issues found with Sitefinity 3.1 beta and bug reports here.
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Hi telerik team :)I'm glad to see the new version of SiteFinity and mainly the Search controls, which I didn't have time to test yet.
I just created a master page, replaced the obsolate sf1:CmsForm with the standart server form, and removed the <div class="cmsWrapper">. After that I uploaded the master page to create a template. But when I tried to edit the template the whole area was darkened so I couldn't drag and drop controls to it's contentplaceholders from the toolbox. Could you give a suggestion what the problem may be?Note that this does not happen with the default template shipped with SiteFinity. While editing it the page is darkened but the contenplaceholders are not and I can put controls in them.All the best:Nikolay RaychevProPeople
Hi Pepi
I forgot to mention that this behaviour appears only in Overlay edit mode but it is obvious.I think that this is caused by my html in the master page or by the css files. This not happens when I use your Default template.Here is my master page:
here is my CSS:
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PLEASANTVILLE — Two people were injured Sunday when the vehicle they were in overturned along U.S. Route 30 and wound up in a marsh.
Police said "alcohol and speed are believed to have been a factor" in the 135 a.m. collision near Delilah Road.
George Bland Jr., 29, of Pleasantville was operating the 2004 Chevrolet Trailblazer involved in the single-vehicle accident, police said. Both bland and a passenger, Tasshi Thomas, 24, of Pleasantville were ejected from the vehicle. Both individuals were transported to AC Trauma center in Atlantic City with what police said were serious but non-life threatening injuries.
Absecon EMS, the Absecon Fire Department, Pleasantville EMS and Atlantic Care EMTs assisted police at the scene. Sgt. Raymond Adams and Ptl. Kevin Craig are investigating. Anyone with information is asked to contact Absecon police at 609-641-0667.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ff7 - Still More Fighting guitar pro by Misc Unsigned Bands, added: December 24th, 2007
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Lack of formatting. Lack of accuracy. Tab incomplete. Incomplete bars everywhere and very messy transcription, it sounds fairly correct but it's just a nightmare to read. Would be a good tab if these issues were corrected


text:
The Days (2004)
1 mistake in season 1
Starring: David Newsom, Evan Peters, Laura Ramsey, Marguerite MacIntyre
Genres: Drama
Plot hole: In order for the show to be starting on "Day 1,412" as counted back from Cooper's eventual high school graduation, it would have to be a mere 49 days after his graduation from the eighth grade. (4*365 = 1460 + 1 for leap year) So it should be the middle of summer, but instead the school year seems to be in full swing. For example, it's already the end of Natalie's soccer season.


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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) relieves the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, yet the mechanism of action remains uncertain. To address the question of how therapeutic stimulation changes neuronal firing in the human brain, we studied the effects of GPi stimulation on local neurons in unanesthetized patients. Eleven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease consented to participate in neuronal recordings during stimulator implantation surgery. A recording microelectrode and a DBS macroelectrode were advanced through the GPi in parallel until a single neuron was isolated. After a baseline period, stimulation was initiated with varying voltages and different stimulation sites. The intra-operative stimulation parameters (1–8 V, 88–180 Hz, 0.1-ms pulses) were comparable with the postoperative DBS settings. Stimulation in the GPi did not silence local neuronal activity uniformly, but instead loosely entrained firing and decreased net activity in a voltage-dependent fashion. Most neurons had decreased activity during stimulation, although some increased or did not change firing rate. Thirty-three of 45 neurons displayed complex patterns of entrainment during stimulation, and burst-firing was decreased consistently after stimulation. Recorded spike trains from patients were used as input into a model of a thalamocortical relay neuron. Only spike trains that occurred during therapeutically relevant voltages significantly reduced transmission error, an effect attributable to changes in firing patterns. These data indicate that DBS in the human GPi does not silence neuronal activity, but instead disrupts the pathological firing patterns through loose entrainment of neuronal activity.
- basal ganglia
- entrainment
- Parkinson's disease
- neuronal inhibition
deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful therapeutic tool in the treatment of intractable neurological diseases and movement disorders (Aouizerate et al. 2004; Laxton et al. 2010; Mayberg et al. 2005). For patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, DBS improves quality of life and motor function after medications lose efficacy or side-effects become intolerable. The most common stimulation targets for Parkinson's disease are motor-related nuclei within the thalamus and basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) (Ghika et al. 1998; Siegfried and Lippitz 1994). Although the locations of efficacious clinical targets are now well established, the therapeutic mechanisms of action are still not fully understood (Benazzouz and Hallett 2000; Hammond et al. 2008; McIntyre et al. 2004; Montgomery and Baker 2000). The expanding range of uses of DBS and increasing number of patients with implants emphasize the need to understand how stimulation produces its therapeutic effects to improve existing therapies and develop new treatments.
In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the symptomatic relief from stimulation of the GPi is similar to that of an ablative lesion, and so, inhibition of local neuronal activity was proposed as the mechanism of action for DBS (Bergman et al. 1990; Limousin et al. 1995; Siegfried and Lippitz 1994). This idea was supported by observations that firing rates for GPi neurons are pathologically increased in parkinsonian states and that high-frequency stimulation using microelectrodes suppresses somatic activation of local neurons (Boraud et al. 1996; Dostrovsky et al. 2000; Filali et al. 2004; Lafreniere-Roula et al. 2010). However, the idea of complete inhibition has been challenged by recent observations of sustained or even increased neuronal firing of local GPi neurons during therapeutic stimulation. When using DBS macroelectrodes, stimulation in the GPi of a parkinsonian nonhuman primate produces complex patterns of neuronal entrainment relative to the stimulus pulse (Bar-Gad et al. 2004; McCairn and Turner 2009). Additionally, therapeutically effective stimulation in the STN, an area that sends excitatory projections to the GPi, produces similar firing patterns of GPi neurons (Hashimoto et al. 2003; Moran et al. 2011). Thus rather than simply silencing GPi activity, the therapeutic action of DBS in basal ganglia targets may involve entrainment or regularization of neuronal firing (Garcia et al. 2005a; Guo et al. 2008; Hahn et al. 2008; Meissner et al. 2005; Montgomery and Baker 2000; Rubin and Terman 2004). The idea of blocking pathological patterns through increased regularity is supported by observations that irregular high-frequency stimulation is less therapeutically efficacious than temporally regular stimulation in reducing bradykinesia and tremor (Birdno et al. 2012; Dorval et al. 2010).
These results from primate models suggest that therapeutic DBS in humans likely does not simply silence GPi neurons, although significant physiological differences often exist between animal models and true human disease states. To complement work in animal models, we evaluated how DBS in the human GPi changed firing of local neurons in unanesthetized patients with Parkinson's disease. Stimulation with DBS macroelectrodes decreased somatic firing and entrained activity of local neurons, and these changes in firing were sufficient to reduce error in a model of thalamocortical (TC) firing.
Patient consent.
Eleven patients receiving a bilateral DBS implant in the GPi as treatment for Parkinson's disease consented to participate in this study, which was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (Oregon Health & Science University Institutional Review Board #6169). The standard surgical procedure uses two neuronal recordings during implantation to verify correct stimulator placement within the boundaries of the GPi. Participation in the research study added ∼15–30 min to the normal duration of the DBS implantation surgery.
Intraoperative recordings.
The standard stimulator implantation surgery is done with only local anesthesia and consists of placing the stimulating electrode (Activa Therapy model 3387 lead; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) into the GPi using predetermined stereotaxic coordinates, based on the Schaltenbrand and Wahren (1977) stereotactic atlas. Coordinates within the GPi were chosen using MRI with FrameLink Stereotaxic Linking System 4.1.9 (Medtronic), and patients were placed in a Leksell Frame G stereotaxic frame (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for electrode guidance. Bilateral burr holes were drilled under local anesthesia; no study patients received intraoperative narcotics or sedation prior to the recordings. After the dura was opened, two microelectrodes (320–700 kΩ, 2 mm separation; FHC, Bowdoin, ME) were advanced through the introducer cannula until a clear transition from the external globus pallidus (GPe) to the GPi was identified. This transition generally occurs >5 mm from the ventral border of the GPi. The center (target) microelectrode was then replaced with the low-impedance DBS macroelectrode (∼4 kΩ), with contact 0 at the same depth as the microelectrode (Fig. 1). Based on the DBS electrode radius of 0.635 mm, the surface of DBS electrode contact 0 was 1.365-mm away from the tip of the remaining recording microelectrode (Carlson et al. 2009).
Standard microelectrode recording/mapping of the GPi was carried out using a MicroGuide Pro microrecording system (Alpha Omega, Nazareth Illit, Israel). The DBS/microelectrode pair was advanced in micron increments, until the stable waveform of a single GPi neuron was distinguished. Baseline firing was recorded for at least 60 s, and then stimulation (88–180 Hz, 0.1-ms pulse width, 1–8 V) was applied through the DBS electrode using a handheld portable stimulator device (Medtronic Navigation, Louisville, CO). The majority of trials was centered on 100 Hz as the stimulation frequency, although the stimulation trials for one patient were conducted at 180 Hz (Table 1). Bipolar stimulation (5–25 s) was applied either locally, with the pair of contacts closest to the recording electrode (contact 0 as cathode, contact 1 as anode; referred to as "local stimulation"), or distally, with the pair farthest from the tip of the recording electrode (contact 2 as anode, contact 3 as cathode; referred to as "distal stimulation"; Fig. 1). For each cell, a number of trials at different voltages for either local or distal stimulation were performed, with at least 30 s between trials. Because of limitations and variability in human neuronal recordings and the artifact removal process, usable data were not available for all stimulation conditions for all neurons. In the occasional case where the same stimulation condition was applied more than once to the same neuron, the averaged response for the two trials was incorporated into the analysis. The electrode pair was advanced until encountering the ventral border of the GPi, which was identified from stereotaxic coordinates and characteristics of the microelectrode recording.
After neuronal recording and placement of the DBS electrode, the locations of the recording and DBS electrodes were verified as being on target using intraoperative fluoroscopy. For each cell, the relative distance of the DBS electrode from the ventral border of the GPi (the stereotaxic target) was recorded at the end of each procedure.
Spike sorting and artifact removal.
Neuronal activity was displayed in real time and simultaneously recorded for offline analysis. Recordings were digitized at 15 kHz and stored as Alpha Omega systems files. Spike sorting and subsequent analyses were performed using Spike2 (CED, Cambridge, UK) and MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA). Stimulation artifacts were apparent in most recordings, and these were detected and removed (Erez et al. 2010). Briefly, designated periods of the stimulation artifact were used to design an artifact template that was then subtracted from the original recording at the start of each stimulation impulse (Fig. 2A). The resulting signal often included a period at the beginning of the stimulation artifact, where complete amplifier saturation prevented recovery of the original signal; this unusable period was recognized and measured by the software. The mean duration of the unusable period was noted for each stimulation trial, and calculations were adjusted accordingly.
Following artifact removal, individual action potentials were sorted using waveform template-matching to confirm the continuity of a single cell recording before, during, and after stimulation (Fig. 2B). After satisfactory spike sorting, an autocorrelogram was generated for every neuronal recording using MATLAB to verify the presence of only a single neuron (Fig. 2C). The presence of the refractory period and the accompanying short-term peak indicates that only a single neuron was under consideration for a given period (Bar-Gad et al. 2001; Montgomery 2006). Forty-five neurons and 186 stimulation trials from 11 patients were of sufficiently high quality to ensure that a single neuron was recorded throughout. Only these data were used in subsequent analyses.
Analysis of DBS-driven changes in firing rate.
Analysis of firing focused on changes in firing rate and firing pattern in response to stimulation. Mean pre- and poststimulation firing rates were calculated using the number of action potentials in the 10 s before and after the stimulation epoch, respectively. The firing rate during stimulation was measured as the cumulative number of action potentials divided by the total stimulation time and corrected for the amount of unusable time resulting from stimulation artifact removal for that neuron, which was, on average, 3.2 ± 0.16 ms or roughly 32% of the duty cycle for 100 Hz stimulation. Comparisons of firing rates before, during, and after stimulation were made using a one-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by a Newman-Keuls post hoc test, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Voltage-dependent decreases in firing rate for local and distal stimulation were analyzed using linear regression. The confidence interval (CI) of the slope was analyzed using an F-test to determine if the slope was significantly different than zero.
The neuronal response to stimulation during each trial was classified as no change, increased firing, decreased firing, or complete silence. This classification was determined using a t-test to compare mean firing rates in 1-s bins for 10 s at baseline of the trial with mean corrected firing rates in 1-s bins during stimulation. A value of P < 0.05 was considered a significant change in firing rate.
The characterized neuronal responses to stimulation were then separated into trials with low (1–5 V) or high (6–8 V) stimulus voltages. This division was based on therapeutic voltages reported previously (Garcia et al. 2005a) and on the effective voltages selected postoperatively for this cohort of patients, in which 1–5 V was found to be clinically relevant (Table 1). When a single neuron had multiple stimulation trials in the low-voltage range, only the lowest-voltage trial was included in the distribution analysis to avoid repeated, nonindependent values. Similarly, only the highest-voltage trial was included in the distribution analysis when multiple trials were performed in the higher-voltage range. A χ2 test was used to check for a difference in the distribution of responses between high- and low-voltage cases.
Analysis of DBS-driven changes in firing pattern.
A peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) for each trial was made by aligning action potentials relative to stimulus pulses. Entrained firing was evident in the PSTH of a subset of trials for almost all neurons; therefore, we examined the distribution of these effects based on lower (1–5 V) and higher (6–8 V) voltages.
To quantify the effect of DBS on burst-firing, a Poisson distribution of interspike intervals classified activity as random or burst-firing for pre- and poststimulus periods (Carlson et al. 2009; Kaneoke and Vitek 1996). With the use of this method, most trials showed no gross change from "bursting" to "nonbursting", and so a more specific quantification of the time in burst-firing was made using the Poisson surprise method (Legendy and Salcman 1985). With the use of this method, the period of time that the neuron spent in burst mode was measured for the pre- and poststimulation periods in each trial, for a minimum S-value of three (S = −log probability of Poisson distribution, a measure of the likelihood of a given segment of firing being a burst). The total time in burst-firing was analyzed using a two-way, mixed-design ANOVA, with stimulus voltage (low vs. high) and time (pre- vs. poststimulation; repeated measure) as the factors. Separate analyses were undertaken for local and distal stimulation.
Simulation of TC relay-cell responses to input from GPi.
To understand the underlying therapeutic mechanism of DBS in the GPi, we modeled the effects of the changes in GPi firing on TC relay cells. This model of a TC cell receiving synaptic input from GPi neurons has been validated and described in detail elsewhere (Guo et al. 2008; Rubin and Terman 2004). Briefly, the TC cell model consists of a system of differential equations that use membrane capacitance and ionic currents to determine changes in membrane voltage and action potential initiation. GPi neuronal activity is integrated into the model as an inhibitory synaptic input current to the TC cell. The model also includes a periodic train of excitatory synaptic inputs to the TC cell.
For each recording of a GPi neuron, the prestimulation, during, and poststimulation firing times of each trial were entered separately into the simulation. Trials with no GPi spikes were excluded, as these trivially give perfect relay, and thus the model is not informative for such cases. The output variable from this analysis was the error index, computed as the fraction of excitatory inputs to which the TC cell failed to generate an action potential or responded with excessive spiking. Lower error indices are associated with greater relay fidelity and have been shown to correspond to an enhanced therapeutic benefit (Guo et al. 2008; Rubin and Terman 2004). The mean effect of stimulation on the error index was compared for each set of stimulation voltages and contact pairs using repeated-measures ANOVA followed by a Dunnett's post hoc test of the index during stimulation vs. its baseline value.
For each patient, correct stereotaxic placement of the DBS electrode was confirmed using microelectrode recordings and intraoperative X-ray. With final placement of the DBS electrode, the approximate position of each cell was recorded relative to the stereotaxic target, which was the ventral base of the GPi. The majority of cells was clustered along the ventral end of the GPi, with no cells likely recorded from the GPe (Fig. 1).
DBS depressed but did not uniformly silence GPi neuronal firing.
Of the cumulative recordings, 45 neuronal recordings and 186 stimulus trials were of sufficient quality to ensure that a single neuron was monitored throughout an entire recording session. Of these trials, 137 were in the local configuration (contact 0 as cathode, contact 1 as anode) and 49 were in the distal configuration (contact 3 as cathode, contact 2 as anode).
The effects of DBS on firing rate in individual trials ranged from an increase in firing rate to complete silencing (Fig. 3, A–D). The effect on each trial was classified as increased firing, partially decreased firing, complete silence, or no change in firing rate, and the distribution of effects categorized for local and distal stimulation between high and low voltages (examples in Fig. 3E). For distal stimulation, no difference was found in the distribution of responses between low- and high-voltage stimulation [χ2(3 df) = 2.7; P > 0.1]. Conversely, for local stimulation, a significant difference exists between the distribution of responses between high and low voltages [χ2(3 df) = 20.5; P < 0.001], with a greater number of cells silenced completely at high voltages.
Stimulation at all voltages, both locally and distally, significantly decreased the mean firing rate (Fig. 4), compared with pre- and poststimulation rates [repeated-measures ANOVA followed by a Newman-Keuls post hoc: local stimulation, 2 V F(2,29) = 32.66, P < 0.001; 4 V F(2,30) = 87.95, P < 0.0001; 6 V F(2,17) = 36.75, P < 0.001; 8 V F(2,22) = 64.93, P < 0.001; distal stimulation: 2 V F(2,8) = 8.35, P < 0.01; 4 V F(2,15) = 15.93, P < 0.001; 6 V F(2,6) = 8.13, P < 0.01; 8 V F(2,8) = 14.58, P < 0.001]. No significant differences existed between pre- and poststimulus mean firing rates, either for local or distal stimulation.
These changes in mean firing rates with local stimulation were voltage dependent, with greater decreases at higher voltages (slope of linear regression: −9.4 Hz/V; 95% CI: −16.2 to −2.5 Hz/V; P < 0.05; Fig. 4). Distal stimulation did not show a similar voltage-dependent decrease in firing (slope of linear regression: −5.5 Hz/V; 95% CI: −10.5 to 0.4 Hz/V; P > 0.05).
Loose entrainment to stimulation occurred in the majority of human GPi neurons.
The effect of stimulation on firing pattern differed across voltages, stimulation parameters, and neurons. Changes in firing pattern were examined through PSTHs. Individual neurons and trials showed complex responses relative to the stimulus impulse, with alternating periods of increased and decreased likelihood of firing relative to each pulse (Fig. 5A). Cells often showed two distinct time periods of increased likelihood of firing separated by 1- to 2-ms periods when the cell was less likely to fire an action potential (Fig. 5A). Some cells showed other mixed responses, including fewer or more periods of increased likelihood of firing (Fig. 5, B and C), and a portion of cells did not change firing pattern (Fig. 5D). Figure 5E shows the distribution of response types with distal and local stimulation at low- and high-stimulus voltages. With distal stimulation, most cells were not entrained at lower voltages, but loose entrainment of firing was prevalent at higher voltages. With local stimulation, at lower voltages, the dominant change in pattern was entrainment, and at higher voltages, complete cessation of firing was most common.
Neurons with loose entrainment showed decreased firing at the onset of the stimulus train.
In the seconds after the start of stimulation, some neurons showed a period of silence, followed by a slow increase in firing rate over the course of stimulation (example in Fig. 3C). This effect was observed predominantly in cells that also showed entrainment of firing. Without regard to voltage or contacts, cells that showed any form of entrained firing had a significantly lower average firing rate in the 1st s of stimulation compared with the last second of stimulation (respectively, 40.9 ± 5.4 Hz vs. 69.2 ± 5.4 Hz; P < 0.001, paired t-test). Cells with a flat PSTH (no entrained firing) did not have decreased firing at the start of stimulation and did not show a significant difference between rates at the start and end of stimulation (respectively, 75.7 ± 11.0 Hz vs. 82.3 ± 11.5 Hz; P = 0.62, paired t-test). Notably, by the end of the stimulus period, the firing rates of cells with entrainment were not significantly different from those of nonlocked cells (P = 0.24, unpaired t-test). Thus neurons exhibiting entrainment consistently fired fewer action potentials at the start of stimulation but resumed firing at a rate comparable with cells without entrainment by the end of the stimulus train. This effect was maintained even when the responses were subdivided into local and distal responses (data not shown).
Poststimulus-bursting was decreased.
Neurons spent less time in burst-firing in the period immediately after the cessation of stimulation compared with the period of time just prior to stimulation (Fig. 6). Specific time in burst activity was quantified before and after stimulation, and these values were compared using a two-way ANOVA with time (pre- vs. poststimulation) and voltage (low vs. high) as factors. Stimulation at both local and distal contacts significantly decreased the percent of time bursting after stimulation compared with immediately before, independent of voltage. Local stimulation significantly reduced burst activity from 41.2 ± 2.2% before the onset of stimulation to 33.7 ± 1.9% immediately after the end of stimulation [F(1,119) = 15.4; P = 0.0001]. In the distal configuration, stimulation also significantly reduced the time in burst activity, from 42.6 ± 6.8% to 28.6 ± 3.7% [F(1,33) = 6.66; P = 0.015].
Low-voltage DBS in GPi reduced the TC cell error index.
For each stimulation trial with GPi spiking, the prestimulation, during, and poststimulation spike times were used to generate an inhibitory synaptic input into a conductance-based model of a TC relay cell (Guo et al. 2008), which was also subject to a computationally generated excitatory synaptic signal. An error index was computed as a measure of the fidelity of the resulting signal transmission. When using the distal contacts, both low- and high-voltage stimulation produced a slight but not statistically significant decrease in the error index during stimulation compared with baseline values (Fig. 7). With local stimulation, lower voltages (1–5 V) produced a statistically significant decrease in the error index [F(2,48) = 3.71; P < 0.001]. Local stimulation with higher voltages (6–8 V) did not produce a significant change in the error index during stimulation but did mildly increase the error index after cessation of stimulation.
DBS in the GPi is thought to relieve movement-related symptoms of Parkinson's disease through effects on the local neuronal somata, fibers of passage, and other nearby neuronal elements (Benazzouz and Hallett 2000; Garcia et al. 2005a; Hammond et al. 2008; Holsheimer et al. 2000; McIntyre and Hahn 2009; Montgomery and Baker 2000; Ranck 1975). The present experiments showed that DBS in the GPi of awake, unanesthetized patients with Parkinson's disease induces changes in both firing rate and firing patterns of nearby neurons. Stimulation in the therapeutic voltage range reduced the mean neuronal firing rate, although not all neurons displayed decreased firing during stimulation. DBS also loosely entrained neuronal firing in complex patterns and reduced the time spent in burst firing immediately after the cessation of stimulation. To understand how these changes in firing could improve symptoms, the recorded spike times from human GPi were applied to a model TC cell with an excitatory input. The changes in firing associated with therapeutically relevant stimulation improved the reliability of TC relay, an effect likely related to changes in firing pattern and increased regularity.
DBS decreases the mean firing rate but does not uniformly silence GPi neurons.
In Parkinson's disease and animal models of Parkinson's disease, GPi neurons have increased firing rates, and decreasing this pathologically increased firing has been proposed as a therapeutic mechanism of action of DBS (Bergman et al. 1994; Filion and Tremblay 1991; Starr et al. 2005). Indeed, decreasing the inhibitory output from GPi correlates with therapeutic effect (Boraud et al. 1996). However, in other settings, therapeutically effective DBS can paradoxically increase the firing of GPi neurons, so decreased GPi activity may not be the only, or even primary, therapeutic mechanism of DBS (Garcia et al. 2005a; Hahn et al. 2008; Hashimoto et al. 2003; Montgomery and Baker 2000; Obeso et al. 2000; Rubin and Terman 2004). In the present experiments, local stimulation decreased the mean neuronal firing rate in a voltage-dependent manner. Although some neurons exhibited no significant change in firing or even increased firing in response to stimulation, during local stimulation, the majority of neurons had moderately decreased firing at lower voltages and complete silencing at higher voltages. These decreases in firing are similar to predicted changes in firing rates from a computational model (Johnson and McIntyre 2008), although the interpretation of these decreases in firing should take into consideration the presence of an irremovable portion of the stimulation artifact. This remaining artifact after template subtraction could still obscure some tightly entrained action potentials occurring immediately after the pulse. Therefore, the changes reported here represent lower bounds on firing and may, in fact, underestimate the firing rate during stimulation.
These observations of voltage-dependent decreases in firing compare well with previous recordings from human GPi, where increasing stimulation intensity produced greater decreases in firing of local neurons (Dostrovsky et al. 2000; Lafreniere-Roula et al. 2010). However, in prior observations, the decreased activity was in the period immediately after each stimulation pulse, and increasing the stimulation frequency completely silenced neuronal activity by connecting these short periods of inhibition. In the present work, we observed cessation of neuronal activity primarily at higher voltages, and during therapeutically relevant voltages we found modest decreases in firing in conjunction with loose entrainment. These differences may be explained by the use of recording microelectrodes for stimulation, which have a higher impedance and lower surface area (500 kΩ impedance, approximate point stimulation) than DBS macroelectrodes (1 kΩ impedance, 6 mm2 of stimulation surface area). Electrode choice could thus result in a difference in current density by as much as two orders of magnitude (Carlson et al. 2009; Garcia et al. 2005b). Also, the greater distance from the recording electrode to the stimulating electrode in the present work could contribute to the differences in observed effects (Holsheimer et al. 2000). That is, cathodic stimulation can produce a core of complete neuronal inhibition near the electrode and then progressively decrease neuronal inhibition farther from the source (Kiss et al. 2002; Perlmutter and Mink 2006; Ranck 1975). Here, complete silencing of neuronal activity occurred primarily during local stimulation with higher voltages when the stronger stimulation source was closer to the neuron. During distal stimulation, the neurons did not show the same voltage-response relationship, although they still frequently showed entrainment.
Entrained firing and increased neuronal regularity occur during DBS.
Reduction of burst activity and alteration of pathological firing patterns have also been proposed as therapeutic mechanisms in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (Benabid et al. 1991; Fogelson et al. 2005; Grill et al. 2004; Rubin and Terman 2004). Neurons recorded here had both decreased burst-firing after stimulation and increased regularity during stimulation. This regularity manifests as a loose entrainment of firing relative to each stimulation impulse. The entrainment included complex patterns of alternating increases and decreases in firing probability, although the activity was not sufficiently time locked to be antidromic. These complex patterns were observed more frequently in stimulation with therapeutically relevant parameters than with higher voltages or distal stimulation. Such loose entrainment is not unique to GPi stimulation, as similar patterns of entrainment have been observed in other therapeutic contexts. GPi neurons in the nonhuman primate show entrainment with either local GPi stimulation or stimulation in the STN (Bar-Gad et al. 2004; Hashimoto et al. 2003; McCairn and Turner 2009). Stimulation in either the STN or GPi likewise entrains firing of thalamic neurons (Anderson et al. 2003; Montgomery 2006; Xu et al. 2008), and DBS in the STN produces similar complex firing patterns in local neurons and in neurons of the contralateral STN (Carlson et al. 2009; Walker et al. 2011). Since DBS in either GPi or STN is sufficient to entrain firing in both GPi and thalamic neurons, high-frequency stimulation in different sites could engage a common therapeutic mechanism. Loose entrainment has been proposed to replace pathological rhythms with more ordered, regular firing, and indeed, regular stimulation is more therapeutically efficacious than irregular stimulation (Anderson et al. 2003; Dorval et al. 2010; Garcia et al. 2005a; Montgomery 2005).
A computational model of the basal ganglia-thalamic pathway predicts that regular, high-frequency stimulation produces therapeutic effects by entraining or otherwise regularizing activity downstream from the stimulation site (Rubin and Terman 2004). In this model, tonic or highly regular firing produces the lowest error index in simulated TC neurons, whereas irregular firing and bursting produce the highest error indices (Guo et al. 2008). A decrease in the thalamic relay error index has previously been observed when driving model neurons using spike times from GPi neurons recorded during application of STN–DBS at therapeutic voltages (Guo et al. 2008). Here, we used activity recorded from human GPi during stimulation, and we tested whether the observed stimulation effects on activity recorded from the somata of local neurons were sufficient to improve thalamic relay fidelity. A significant decrease in error index was only seen during local stimulation in the therapeutic voltage range, and these stimulation parameters also most consistently produced loose entrainment of neuronal activity. From these observations, we conclude that the increased regularity of somatic activity in human GPi neurons is sufficient to improve TC cell relay fidelity and that this mechanism could contribute to the therapeutic action of DBS.
The observed changes in somatic activity of GPi neurons are sufficient to improve TC relay fidelity, but the definitive neuronal mechanism underlying symptomatic relief remains unclear. The changes in somatic activity seen here, including variable latency responses with stereotyped patterns of activation, are consistent with presynaptic axonal stimulation with subsequent synaptic effects—a mechanism that has been implicated previously in the therapeutic effects of DBS (Birdno et al. 2012; Gradinaru et al. 2009). However, DBS can also drive axonal firing, independent of somatic activity (McIntyre and Grill 1999; Miocinovic et al. 2006), and fibers of passage and axons are now accepted as important therapeutic targets for DBS (Gradinaru et al. 2009; Johnson and McIntyre 2008; Maks et al. 2009). Axonal activation, independent of somatic activity, would explain how increased neuronal output could occur during stimulation of either STN or GPi (Anderson et al. 2003; Hashimoto et al. 2003; Xu et al. 2008), despite decreased or unchanged somatic firing rates (Benazzouz et al. 1995; Beurrier et al. 2001; Carlson et al. 2009; Dostrovsky et al. 2000; Lafreniere-Roula et al. 2010). Regardless, a significant physiological effect from axonal activation does not rule out a separate contribution from alterations in somatic activity, as pharmacological inhibition of GPi neuronal activity is alone sufficient to relieve parkinsonian motor symptoms in primate models (Baron et al. 2002). The symptomatic benefits of DBS in GPi, therefore, may arise from combined effects on multiple neuronal elements, as suggested by Johnson et al. (2012). They proposed that DBS decreases rigidity through the activation of fibers of passage in the adjacent section of the internal capsule, and the improvements in bradykinesia come from activation of neurons in GPi and GPe (Johnson et al. 2012). Just as Parkinson's disease manifests with complex symptoms involving multiple brain sites, symptomatic relief with DBS may involve multiple neuronal mechanisms.
These results show that DBS, using implanted macroelectrodes in the GPi of the unanesthetized human, does not uniformly silence GPi activity but instead modestly decreases population activity while entraining somatic firing. Modeling of TC relay-cell activity shows that these changes in GPi firing patterns, if synaptically transmitted to downstream targets, would have the capacity to restore relay fidelity. These results illustrate one possible therapeutic mechanism of DBS, although other effects of DBS likely contribute in parallel, including axonal activation and entrainment of neurons in other regions.
Funding for this work was provided by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS070374 to D. R. Cleary; NS070865 to J. E. Rubin; and NS066159 to M. M. Heinricher); the National Science Foundation (DMS 1021701 to J. E. Rubin); and the Oregon Health & Science University Brain Institute (to D. R. Cleary).
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
Author contributions: D.R.C., A.V., M.M.H., and K.J.B. conception and design of research; D.R.C., A.M.R., J.E.R., D.B., A.V., and K.J.B. performed experiments; D.R.C., A.M.R., J.E.R., A.V., and M.M.H. analyzed data; D.R.C. interpreted results of experiments; D.R.C. prepared figures; D.R.C. drafted manuscript; D.R.C., J.E.R., and M.M.H. edited and revised manuscript; D.R.C. and M.M.H. approved final version of manuscript.
The authors thank Drs. Valerie Anderson (Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Neurological Surgery), Jonathan Carlson (Inland Neurosurgery and Spine), and Justin Cetas (Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Neurological Surgery) for helpful discussion, feedback, and comments. Andy Rekito (Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Neurological Surgery) provided the illustration.
- Copyright © 2013 the American Physiological Society


text:
For strobe, I've heard you can have it modified for Bron or Profoto. T[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225328\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Briese doesn't do these conversions anymore, at least not officially...but you can llok around for a converted one on ebay Germany. There some around and keep popping up from time to time. And rather for cheap...[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225392\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Some electricians can and will do it, although they did get into some trouble with Briese for advertising their services.I think any good Speedotron tech could do the conversion.T[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225396\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Any News of Balcar relaunch?. [a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225401\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
http://www.dpreview.com/articles/photokina...ow/DSC_1303.jpg[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225448\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Holy S...; the reflector hanging from the ceiling looks good. Is there any info on this one? Did balcar get bought by COKIN?
Holy S...; the reflector hanging from the ceiling looks good. Is there any info on this one? Did balcar get bought by COKIN?[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225455\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
yes Balcar get bought by cokin(GROUPE FOKIA) .Hanging ref is new product by them. waiting for the announcement on Balcar website [a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225457\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Balcar & Cokin merged over a year ago.The umbrella looks to me like the Asian knock-offs mentioned earlier.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225456\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Have you been to Photokina? Did you see in real...me excited...[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225458\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
I just saw this reflector , but by a korean company called AuroraIt's like a giant Deep Throatapparently they manufacture softboxes for Hensel too[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225460\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
There are some other makes from china that are knockoffs, though I know nothing about the quality of them.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225238\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Any ideas on how to spot one of the knockoffs?[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=225680\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]


text:
Please note: This was published over a year ago. Phone numbers, email addresses and other information may have changed.
As it grows, PCC promotes alternative transportation
Photos and Story by James Hill
It's a familiar story at Portland Community College.
Thanks to skyrocketing student enrollment (42 percent increase in credit students the last five years), people circle lots looking for a prized parking spot. Part of it is because 80 percent of faculty, 74 percent of staff and 67 percent of the college's students drive alone.
"Sixty-percent of the carbon emissions on campuses is from car traffic," said Wing-Kit Chung, Vice President of Administrative Services. "The more we understand staff, students and faculty the better we understand their needs."
Alternatives to driving alone
PCC's Parking and Transportation Services has done just that in coming up with many strategies to combat solo driving and alleviate pressures on parking. One of them is the Ride Share Program, which encourages students who would normally drive separately to ride to campus together. If they do, they can go to the business office with each of their vehicles information, and each student will be billed $20 for the shared use of one permit. In addition to the savings in gas, the participating students can save $10 on the price of buying the regular student permit.
In addition, PCC partnered with METRO, the state of Oregon and the state of Washington to offer a new transportation matching system called Drive Less Connect that lets you find other PCC travelers with similar routes and times.
As always, the college offers to any student, enrolled for three or more credit hours, a Student Select Pass, which is an all-zone pass good for travel on Tri-Met. For faculty and staff, PCC allows them to purchase a monthly Tri-Met bus pass on a pre-tax basis. For the average employee this would reduce the cost of the pass by approximately 22 percent. If you qualify for either of these passes, visit the FAQ page.
That's not all. Not only has PCC increased shuttle capacity with larger buses on key routes but catching the shuttles has become much easier. Students, staff and faculty can view live GPS data about PCC Shuttle locations, follow the shuttle on Twitter to get updates, or download the app on their phone to get live tracking right on their mobile devise.
In addition, PCC is always bike friendly. The college has plenty of bike racks on all campuses as well as racks available on all shuttles on a first come first served basis. The college is looking at developing more bike racks and shower stalls for riders to accommodate the demand.
Why not build more parking spaces?
The college has established the Transportation Demand Management group, led by Chung and various students, staff and faculty, to brainstorm and promote innovations of how people travel to PCC campuses. It won't be easy to solve parking issues. The college is restricted by city and county regulations limiting the number of parking spaces it can have on any campus. And, if you do build more spaces and have ample parking, it can encourage more driving, which conflicts with the college's Climate Action Plan, said Chung.
Chung also said that parking spaces are expensive to build and maintain, costing upwards of $30,000 per space.
"We are also limited by the amount of traffic we can have on campus in any one day," said John Garner, manager of Parking and Transportation Services. "At Sylvania, that is 17,000 cars a day and we are at that limit now."
The TDM group that Chung and Garner lead aims to provide options that reduce car traffic and parking demand, and reduce carbon emissions and implement strategies to result in greater sustainability. Plus, they want to improve these numbers:
Percentage of PCC commuters that are bike riders
- Cascade – 10 %.
- Southeast Center – 6 %.
- Rock Creek and Sylvania campuses – 1 %.
Percentage that are Carpoolers
- Rock Creek – 8 %.
- Sylvania – 6 %.
Percentage that are bus riders
- Southeast Center – 16 %.
- Cascade – 13 %.
- Rock Creek – 12 %.
- Sylvania is 10 %.
"We are committed to providing a balance of options the college community can access," Chung added.
For alternative transportation ideas like the PCC Shuttle or bicycling, visit the PCC Parking and Transportation webpage.
[…] the college invests in ecology through transportation demand management as well as other areas, I have a question for you. How are you contributing? Cascade students, if […]


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The New York Giants can have the Lombardi Trophy. The city's sports pages now belong to the New York Jets. Indefinitely.
The Jets acquired Tim Tebow from the Broncos on Wednesday in exchange for two draft picks, a fourth rounder and a sixth rounder, according to reports. The Jets also acquired a seventh round selection in the deal.
Rex Ryan's bunch couldn't crack the postseason in 2011, but with this move they've succeeded once again in doing what they do best -- making noise.
It's unclear how Tebow will be used in New York. He wants to play quarterback, but we'll have to wait and listen for the Jets to explain themselves.
One would have to imagine that Mark Sanchez -- he of the newly reconstructed five-year contract -- is squirming in a chair somewhere.
In terms of traditional quarterbacking skill sets, Sanchez has Tebow beat. But New York can be a fickle and intimidating place. Despite the fact that Sanchez is currently a better pocket passer, and likely a better reader of defenses, who can say how he will handle the pressure of playing with Tebow looming over his shoulder?
It's a risky move to be sure. If Sanchez struggles, the world will be calling for Tebow. If Sanchez crumbles, the Jets will be stuck with Tebow. The Jets, just a season removed from making the AFC Championship game, could find themselves relying on a quarterback with a legion of fans but a 46.5 completion percentage.
Will Tebowmania play in New York? Will Sanchez withstand the heat? Will the Patriots indirectly benefit from how it all plays out? No one can say for sure just yet. What we do know: Things just got a whole lot more interesting in the AFC East.


text: Anyone using the above combination, with the 500H resting directly ontop of the negative stage rather than above the condenser? If you have this setup, do you mind snapping a photo of it. I'm trying to figure how to make a customised plate for the head in this setup. Thanks.


text:
WASHINGTON (Sep. 19)
Nobel Peace Prize winner Andrei Sakharov and 90 Jews in 13 Soviet cities have appealed to Presidential candidates President Ford and Jimmy Carter to continue America's fight against repression and humiliation in the Soviet Union.
Both the appeal by Sakharov and from the Jews were addressed to the Center for Strategic and International Studies of Georgetown University. They were relayed to Washington from Moscow via Israel and then forwarded to both Ford and Carter, a Center official, Mrs. Judith Berson, said.
In the attempts in Moscow to telephone the appeals directly to Washington, "the lines were cut six times," Mrs. Berson said. Then, a call was put through from Moscow to Israel by Dr. Alexander Luntz, a Jewish activist in Moscow. His reading was taped in Israel and the recording replayed by phone to Washington.
All the communications took place last Thursday, Mrs. Berson said. She pointed out that appeals have been transmitted to Ford and Carter, but that "obviously," there has not been time for them to reply. The appeals were made public at a news conference in the Center's offices here. Officials of the Center and of the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews, which is conducting its annual meeting in Washington this weekend, took part.
Sakharov's appeal listed freedom of conscience, exchange of information, movement and choice of one's country of residence as among "certain guarantees for the political and civil rights of man."
In their letter, the 90 Jews said "obviously there are matters of greater urgency to both candidates than the emigration of Jews from the USSR but, as stated at the meeting of chiefs of state in Helsinki, the observance of human rights may become the most important test case for the sincerity of relations between the great powers."
The signers of this appeal included Vladimir Slepak and Alexander Lerner of Moscow. Vladimir Kislik and Boris Levitan of Kiev, and Yevgeny Lanchik of Odessa.
Letters to the Council from Ford and Carter pledging support for Jews and others in the Soviet Union but not directly responsive to the Sakharov and the Jewish group's appeals were read to the newsmen by Mrs. Irene Manekofsky, vice-president of the Council and president of the Washington Committee for Soviet Jewry.
Ford, in a letter to Mrs. Manekofsky, stated: "The cause of Soviet Jewry and the efforts to assure the right of free emigration for all peoples must remain a national concern." He gave his assurance that it is "a cause I will never forget."
Carter's letter, addressed to Stuart A. Wurtman, president of the Council, said the Jackson-Vanik amendment was the way of Congress to restate the "deeply held principle" of the "fundamental right of people to emigrate" and that the American people "demand" honoring of the Helsinki agreement and the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights to which the Soviet is a signatory.


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text:
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Written on: 04/01/2008
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text:
Dear Joice "Teurairopa" Mujuru
Grace Ruvimbo Chirenje
It is with great turmoil of the soul that I have decided to write this letter to you. It is not because I do not like you, far from it, and my articles are testimony to that. It is the mixture of emotions and lived realities that you have come to represent in Zimbabwe's political landscape.
This letter is not personal but my own process of reflection as I seek to unpack what I see as a leader (in my own right) in this country. Thank you for braving the harshness of Zimbabwean politics and launching your party last week. I dropped everything that I was doing to come and hear you take us through the journey of your vision but, alas, it was a "closed door" meeting.
Something pretty odd for a party that deems itself to have people at heart, first and foremost. I will not get into how the very naming of this political party somewhat evokes memories of a somewhat similar party. Uuuuuuuummmmmmmm, we will wait and see!
The launch of the party was, for me, below expectations. For a party that speaks to people, I would have loved to see it being launched in a more "people-friendly" place. The setting, from the little I know of it, has a history that does not speak of "people-friendly". It is not the glamour and glitz that freaked me out — it is the Union Jack and flag, thereof, that made me question whether that was the most strategic space to launch such a long anticipated, people-centred initiative. Thanks to many techno-savvy people who were present, I was able to have a somewhat reliable transcription of the speech. We, however, need to be more inclusive in this new outfit of yours my dear leader. If we are speaking "people first" then let us see which people these are.
The same old leaders? Or is this political party offering us a breath of fresh air? Please, help me understand, as I would welcome some form of transformation and rewriting of this country's narrative.
The leadership, including the founding fathers, were also mentioned. It is very good that the party does have roots. However, these seem to be the same old leaders who have traumatised us as the younger generation for years.
Having been born slightly over three decades ago, I do know for sure that putting lipstick on a frog does not make it the knight in shining armour those fairytales talk about. What is so new about you and your team? We do know that you carry quite a lot of baggage. If, by some weird chance, you had not been "pressured" to leave Zanu PF, would your lot have decided to willingly embark on this journey? How about the many stories our elders tell us about whom you and what you represent? The many activists who have suffered with one or more of you being a part of it? Could it be a lie? Ah, my mind is spinning in an urgent need to get answers.
Does launching this new party mean that we bury the hatchet? Are you all now claiming a Damascus experience and that you have suddenly seen the light shining from who knows where? I do recall that the biblical Saul, turned Paul, had a bitter experience with even seasoned Christians like Ananias telling their Maker that they feared this ruthless man who was well known for his not-so-good acts. Somehow you bring that part of the Bible to mind at this moment. I am one who desires to see Zimbabwean people put first and that you have said but it is the nitty-gritty truths of what you are currently exuding that has me totally confused beyond action. Please help me understand what it is you offer that is different from the status quo. This letter also serves to explore the question — where are the young minds in your party? I am not sure I heard even a single one being mentioned. Is it that we are too cowardly? Or maybe it got lost in translation?
Currently we need a political party that will offer Zimbabwe a new narrative in word and in deed. Now is not the time to be unclear and doubting and stepping up unpolished as the electorate is in urgent need of someone who will offer a new narrative.
A leader, who is clear in terms of how they will deliver the people to the so-called "promised land". We have seen so many political parties and players on the political scene and you can help by telling us the how so we make our choices early in terms of the current reality. Now is the time to polish that act and get us to the next level.
This world is unfortunately not gracious to women leaders and so we do not want to perpetuate a culture that has been long standing. We need to get ourselves together and work hard towards what we want to see. There are just so many questions that still need to be answered and although I do know that you are busy and have many political interests to protect, I would be grateful if you get this message and are able to somewhat reflect on this.
There would also be such gratitude amongst those questioning your leadership credentials and what you put on the table to have a social media platform to get hold of you. It could be to give feedback, ask questions, interogate matters of the day and so on. I am sure that by now all these questions you could have processed too but I would like to know what the responses are. Maybe there are runners you are working with and these are efficient enough to facilitate for a process of dialogue, conversation and debate as is synonymous with healthy political spaces.
May they help you respond to our keen enquiries. That is part of what a people's party does, it speaks people and especially the young and questioning ones! It also listens more than anything so it stays in touch with the people it places as first priority. Some of the solutions to our current challenges could actually come from the very same people you represent, converse with and listen to.
These people may also have nothing to do with the status quo or have never been linked to it or are novices in politics. We need a new paradigm and if you are offering it, let us see it in a different way of doing things.
Finally, I do hope that you are well and in good mental health. We are still here as the young generation wondering, seeking, questioning and holding solutions to our challenges that we do hope you will consider one day.
All the very best with your political party. I wish you renewal, strength, stamina, eloquence and excellence as you and your team seek to take Zimbabwe to the next level. Let's do this. With best wishes
●Grace Ruvimbo Chirenje writes in her personal capacity and loves stimulating conversation. She would be excited to hear from you. You can contact Grace on firstname.lastname@example.com, follow her on twitter @graceruvimbo or Facebook: Grace Ruvimbo Chirenje. Chat soon.


text:
Neutrogena has been a skin care staple in my house for years, so I had high hopes for their acne concealer. Neutrogena Skin Clearing Blemish Concealer is a medicated concealer that contains breakout-fighting salicylic acid. Because of this, it may help heal your pimples as it conceals them.

This concealer has a pen-like applicator, which I immediately liked. It made dispensing the product super easy. Just turn the bottom a click or two and the perfect amount of concealer appears. The soft, felted tip also makes precisely applying the concealer to the pimple simple.

Unlike thicker, stiffer products, the smooth and creamy consistency of this concealer makes it easy to blend. But the thinner consistency means it's a little light on coverage. It won't conceal a super red zit on its own. For that, you'll need to use a green corrector concealer underneath.

Unfortunately, the available color choices for this concealer are extremely lacking -- there are only four choices, and the deepest shade offered is medium. This leaves out many women who won't find a matching shade for their skin tone.

Although this is a medicated concealer, don't expect it to clear up your skin. Medicated makeup might help individual pimples heal a bit faster, but it won't clear up acne. For that, you'll need a dedicated acne treatment, either over-the-counter or prescription.

Because it is medicated, though, it may also dry out your skin a bit. If your skin tends to be on the sensitive side, take that into consideration.

Also keep in mind this concealer is not meant to be used around the eyes, so you'll need a separate undereye concealer.

The price is right, though, at just about $10 per tube. And since Neutrogena is easily found at most stores, you should have no problem finding this concealer.

Pros

The soft applicator tip makes for precise application and blending.

It has a creamy consistency that blends easily and looks natural.

Bargain price!

Cons

The color options are very limited.

Coverage is a little light, so it won't do for very red or dark pimples.

Description

Available in shades fair, light, medium, and correcting green

Oil-free, noncomedogenic formula

Contains .5% salicylic acid

The Bottom Line

This is a decent drugstore blemish concealer for light to medium skin tones. Darker-complexioned ladies won't be able to find a matching shade, though, and the coverage is a little light.

Compare Prices


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On the Edge, episode three
Episode three of the Saskatoon Blades documentary, On the Edge: Road to the MasterCard Memorial Cup airs tonight. The episode can be seen at 7 p.m. and again at 11 p.m. on City Saskatchewan.
Based on the rough cut version I previewed, here's what you can look forward to.
This episode, which mostly covers the Blades' British Columbia road trip, will certainly evoke a wide range of emotions from viewers.
It starts with the aftermath of winger Jessey Astles's wrist injury and a couple of the players — Dalton Thrower and Darren Dietz — expressing their concerns.
Astles, who stepped on his own right wrist Nov. 9 following a fight against Regina Pats' Griffin Mumby, is revisited later on. He is shown at his billets' house and expresses many of the feelings he discussed with me in a November interview.
When you hear wait Astles went – and his still going – through physically, and more importantly mentally, you can't help but pull for a speedy recovery.
The episode ends with another moment that pulls at the heart strings.
Defenceman Duncan Siemens left the team late on the trip when his father, Errol, was rushed to hospital to receive treatment for diabetes.
After Siemens left the morning of Nov. 23, the Blades vowed to win for their teammate that night. They did just that, pulling off an inspired come-from-behind victory against the then-Western Conference-leading Kamloops Blazers.
Siemens then talks about watching the game online and how much it meant to him that his Blades mates – a relationship he refers to as a "brotherhood" – won that game for him.
But his episode isn't all tear-jerking moments.
There's some levity in the form of an interview with the always entertaining Andrey Makarov, Blades trainer Steve Hildebrand singing the Russia national anthem to Makarov after a shutout in Prince George, and pranks on the road – with Ryan Graham, Nick Zajac and now-former defenceman Brett Lernout being the unfortunate beneficiaries.
Throw in a visit rookie Matt Revel – an Abbotsford, B.C., native – had his family in Victoria and this episode covers all the angles.
My only critiques are a couple factual errors, in specific details about injuries to Dalton Thrower and Matthew Pufahl.
Thrower was hurt in practice before the Blades left Saskatoon and Pufahl did not miss the remainder of the trip, but rather returned against Kamloops.
Also, centre Shane McColgan, concussed after an awkward collision with Victoria's Luke Hamilton, had to be sent home in the middle of the trip.
He missed his return to Kelowna where he would have played against the Rockets for the first time since a trade last May. It would have been interesting for fans to hear his thoughts about that.
But, I realize I'm splitting hairs here.
Overall, this episode is right up there with the first one.
For those that miss the episode Saturday, re-runs can be seen Sunday:
Sportsnet 1 – Sunday at 2 p.m.
Sportsnet East/Ontario – 11 p.m.
Sportsnet West – 1:30 p.m.
Sportsnet Pacific – 1 p.m. and 6 p.m.
(All are local times)


text:
SAN MARCOS -- A man who locked himself into a house after allegedly stabbing someone today in San Marcos was talked into surrendering, sheriff's Lt. Hope Andrews said.
She said a man was stabbed in the arm or the chest about 2:45 p.m. in the 3500 block of Ninth Street.
The victim was stabbed in the arm or the chest, and a call was put in at 4:08 p.m. for a homicide sergeant, Andrews said.
The suspect, whose name wasn't available yet, locked himself into a house on the same block until he was talked into coming out, the lieutenant said.
Andrews said that deputies were still at the scene at 4:45 p.m. with the victim.
No further information was available.


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PENSIONER Aubrey Akers has slammed the working conditions he dealt with on a daily basis for 17 years at British Rail's Swindon works which left him virtually deaf.
The 72-year-old, of Rosemary Close, Haydon Wick, reached an out of court settlement with British Rail for £8,500 compensation for the damage to his health as a result of those working conditions.
Aubrey joined the organisation in 1956 after he left school, before being made redundant in 1973, along with 500 colleagues.
He worked in several different parts of the depot and in some places more than 300 machines were operating at once. In other areas, he had to contend with constant banging from riveting, hammering and the stripping of locomotives.
"It was bad in there. It was a terrible and noisy environment.
"All around the building shop had poor conditions," he said.
Asked if he felt British Rail had neglected their employees, Aubrey said: "Absolutely. It was horrible, especially the atmosphere in there. The fumes in the air created a haze.
"Breathing in all of that stuff and the noise factor made it nasty.
"When you walked out of there your ears were ringing for days."
Aubrey, who lived in Morris Street, Rodbourne, during that period in his life, has no regrets about working with British Rail. He said there were too few choices for young men in those days.
"In those days, as a 15-year-old apprentice, there was only British Rail or Garrard's record players," he said.
"These days you have got such a wide variety of jobs. I haven't regretted what I have done, but, thinking back, it was bad.
"You wouldn't be allowed to work in those conditions now, but you just accepted it because money was the thing back then, as soon as you started earning you didn't kick up a fuss."
After being made redundant in 1973, Aubrey went on to work in crane assembly with a firm near South Marston, before moving on to Cheltenham and working with a crane hire firm.
His solicitor, Brigitte Chandler, a partner at Swindon firm Charles Lucas & Marshall said other former British Rail employees will have been affected by the constant noise.
"Mr Akers was exposed to continuous and excessive noise caused by heavy machinery," she said. "Throughout his employment, British Rail never provided him with ear defenders or warned him about the dangers of excessive noise – despite the fact that from 1955 they had been aware of the dangers of noise."
Aubrey now struggles to hear the television, or if he is in a group of people, it becomes a challenge to keep on top of what's going on.
"When I began to struggle hearing the television I wanted to push for compensation," he said. "It took a long, long time, but I'm very happy with the outcome."


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SAN ANTONIO — One of the last West Texas vegetable growers and a well-known face of equipment and citrus in the Rio Grande Valley garnered this year's Texas Vegetable Association and Texas Citrus Mutual honors.
The awards were presented Aug. 8 at the Boots and Bling Ball at the Texas Produce Convention in San Antonio's Hill Country.
Known for his strong commitment to marketing and sales, Sunburst Farms' Bernie Thiel earned the Mission-based TVA's Award of Merit.
"Bernie is one of the few vegetable farmers left in the harsh environment of West Texas," said Ray Prewett, TVA president. "We tend to laugh at Bernie for having a phone in his ear all the time, but that is the way he stays on top of the market and in touch with his customers. You can laugh, but there is no doubt that marketing is one of Bernie's keys to success."
At one time there were more than 35 packing sheds in the area, and only two remain, Thiel said.
"This industry is a very tough industry to be in and survive as long as we have in West Texas," he said.
Texas Citrus Mutual's annual Special Award went to Earl Neuhaus of Weslaco-based Neuhaus & Co.
Neuhaus grew up in the Rio Grande Valley area growing cotton and went into the implement business. He also is a sugarcane and citrus farmer committed to technologically advanced growing practices, Prewett said during the presentation.
Known for being quiet and insightful, Neuhaus's implement business grew to three locations, but he maintains a strong commitment to the success of Texas citrus. "It should be no surprise to anyone that Earl thinks like a farmer because he is a farmer," Prewett said. "Earl is bullish on Texas citrus and he is using the latest in drip irrigation technology."


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dorita fairlie bruce
I first remember seeing the name 'Dorita Fairlie Bruce' on a Dimsie title in my local library. At the time that I was devouring everything from Enid Blyton's Famous Five, Alfred Hitchcock's The Three Investigators to Elinor M. Brent-Dyer's Chalet School books. Now seeing the Dimsie titles on a fairly regular basis, I realized that I did not know anything about the author of the Dimsie books, so here is a little of the information that I discovered:
Dorita Fairlie Bruce (or her full name Dorothy Morris Fairlie Bruce), was born in Spain on May 20th 1885, where her father was working as a civil engineer. However, much of her early childhood was spent in Scotland. As with many writers, Dorita showed promise from an early age - even winning a poetry competition when she was six years old.
In around 1895 the family moved to Ealing in London. Due to her parents spending much time abroad, Dorita was sent to boarding school at Clarence House in Roehampton, but she spent many holidays with family members in Ayrshire, Scotland, or with her aunt in Ealing.
The experiences and lifestyle that Dorita became accustomed to at Clarence House is obviously what would inspire many of her different series of school stories for girls. The Dimsie series starts with Dimsie, aged 10, on her first day at boarding school, and follows her throughout her schooldays into adult life. This is a change from some of the same genre of books which focus just on the girls' school life.
Dorita's first novel (following some poems and short stories), was 'The Senior Prefect', published in 1921 which was later republished as 'Dimsie Goes to School'. In total there were nine titles in the Dimsie series. Another series is the 'Nancy' books, sometimes referred to as 'St. Bride's' or 'Maudsley' books. There are again nine titles in this series, eight of them featuring Nancy, a character we first meet in the Dimsie books. Many of the author's series of books are interconnected this way, through characters appearing in different titles across different series.
Throughout the Second World War, Dorita cared for her parents in Ealing. During her time in Ealing, Dorita also dedicated time to one of her interests, the Girl's Guildry, and was Guardian of an Ealing Company. However, in 1949 she made a permanent move to Scotland - an area that is reflected in many of her writings and where she appeared to move away from writing so much for younger girls with tales of boarding school life. Instead her novels concentrated more on older characters in their late teens and early twenties. Throughout her life, as well as writing stories for girls, she also wrote historical and other novels.
Dorita Fairlie Bruce died, in Scotland, in 1970. Thinking back to the few Dimsie books that I read, in the late 1980's and early 1990's - it is amazing to think that they were originally published around 60 years previously and were about a time that I really knew little about. However, the likeable, but realistic characters in these books still made them appealing and enjoyable to me. This is I think a testament to the author who wrote about what she knew well.
If you have never read a Dorita Fairlie Bruce title, please check our stock and I hope you enjoy them, as I did.
Contributed by Joanne Hill.


text:
How can I remove the following tag with jquery?

Click here My domain

jQuery('
Click here My domain
').replaceWith('');
but it does not work
Just do something to target that p and remove it.
With that small snippet I can't tell you exactly, but something like:jQuery('p').remove()
would do the trick.
The remove function removes anything in the list, so you just have to get that p in it's list and call remove. Just be careful of removing too much (for example, don't use that exact code because it'll remove every p).
I understand. p tag does not have class
Won't this code jQuery('p').remove() remove all p tags from html?
Yes. You'll need something in one of the attributes of the tag that will identify the specific tag if you want to just remove that one.
Yeah, like I said, just 'p' will remove everything.
With that little snippet of code I can't help you narrow it down any more.
If you give us a larger chunk of code we probably can help you though.


text:
Following this morning's item about the increased print run for If I Did It, and my curiosity as to who was buying those extra copies, Barnes & Noble has confirmed that it is reversing its decision to keep the book off its shelves.
"When plans were initially announced to publish If I Did It," says spokeswoman Mary Ellen Keating in a statement documenting the policy change, "there was widespread customer outrage and disgust. So much outrage that our buyers felt there would be little customer demand for the newest edition of the book, published by The Goldman Family." Hence the original decision to only sell the book through their website or for in-store special orders. "Since then," Keating notes, "we've been monitoring the pre-orders and customer requests and have concluded that enough customers have expressed interest in buying the book to warrant stocking it in our stores. We do not intend to promote the book but we will stock it in our stores because our customers are asking for it."
In other words, B&N is doing exactly what Borders has said they'd do all along. Interesting how consumer interest went from "a handful of pre-orders" to "enough customers… to warrant stocking it in our stores" in just two days, isn't it?


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Back from Oasis Too!
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Join Date: Sep 2007
Posts: 437
Hi all, just giving you another instalment, as there is just so much to write about -
so here goes -
The Dining Room -
We dined in the Opus dining room and I had emailed the dining room diretly and asked for a table for two near the window. Whatever about near the window I really wanted a table for two as I think its nice not to have to make small talk every night as it can get quite hard, I find its nicer to meet and chat to people at the bar or while around the ship. But thats just me other people absolutely love meeting up with others at large tables of 8 but its just not for us.
The opus dining room on deck 4 was lovely. Much the same as on the other ships we were on (Freedom Class) Voyager and Liberty. After boarding it was one of the first things I did was to check what our table was like and more importantly if it was a table for two. My little heart skipped a beat when our waiter led us to a beautiful large table for two by a window! Fair enough it was night time when we dined but it was lovely really nice. I remarked how some of the other tables of two were very very close to other tables where every single word of your conversation would be heard! So thrilled with the table.
Now on to the staff -
our head waiter was fantastic, usually I find these guys a bit of a pain to deal with as they tend to be all talk and let the waiter and assistant waiter do all the work, (past experience) but not on this cruise, the guy was fantastic, because I had a dietary requirement, (gluten free) he had a fantastic knowledge of my 'condition' and assured me that I need not worry about anything.
Our main waiter was not so good, in fact very poor he had a bad command of English and he constantly conflicted with what the head waiter would say, for instance one thing that i ordered the waiter told me it was not gluten free that he asked the chef, while the head waiter said It is absolutely gluten free I've spoken to the chef. Turns out the waiter was mixing up gluten free with sugar free, and unfortunately he continued to do this for the whole week, so I dreaded ordering in case there was some mix up. But the head waiter was great, every night he gave me the menu for the next night and told me what they could do for me and what sauces could be adapted to gluten free. This was reassuring to say the least!
I think our waiter was just 'off the boil' he just didnt deliver and it wasnt as if the others were the same we actually had a great laugh with other staff members as we were in a 'walk way' where they were bringing dishes from the kitchen to various parts of the dining room. They were all very very pleasant and funny. I think the language barrier was the main problem Im not sure what nationality he was but he really didnt have good enough English to be a waiter, if he was assistant waiter it would have been perfect.
Moving on to our assistant waiter, what a dote!
Such an attentive guy from Bulgaria. He treated us so well making conversation offering us water and bread a million times during our meal, just very attentive and nice a total Gem! I loved him. Pity he was not the main waiter!
In his defence our waiter did mention that they were under pressure that on the Oasis they had a new ordering system, they dont physically go into the kitchen any more they order on a computer system. One night I asked for saute onions he looked and me and said, 'saute onions' ok. And of course they never arrived because he clearly didnt know what I meant, but there were saute mushrooms on the menu so I thought he would know. I didnt want to complain him to the head guy, I just felt that every night he might improve or that he was a little shy, we all cant be bubbly all the time!
On to the food, I was very impressed with it! Thought it was better than other cruises.
Food was delivered promptly to the tables and because we were on our own we often had dinner finished within the hour which was great, we ate one night in the windjammer as we were running late and that I must say was gorgeous too for a quick evening meal!!
Great choice on the menus too with a 'healthy option' menu separate.
Over all lovely dining experience, just a little bit disappointed with our waiter, I suppose in the past we were very lucky to have had such bubbly bright and interesting waiters who spent ages talking and joking this guy just wasnt one of those, we were spoilt in the past!!
Just goes to show though that a dining room team could in fact make or break your holiday if you were in there for breakfast lunch and dinner.
more to follow later...
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text:
Newspaper deliveryman fights off would-be robber
SEATTLE -- As if print journalism didn't have enough to worry about at the moment, now newspaper deliverymen need to be on the lookout for robbers, apparently.
A Seattle newspaper deliveryman was standing outside his van around 7 a.m. Sunday morning near Ninth Avenue Northeast and Northeast 48th Street when he was approached by two men.
According to the Seattle Police Department, one of the men tried to grab the deliveryman's key ring twice.
The deliveryman was able to fight him off. But when the deliveryman went to grab his cellphone out of his van, the would-be robber grabbed him from behind, tearing his satchel, according to police.
The deliveryman fought the man off again, and the would-be robber and other man ran off, according to police.
Officers found the suspected robber nearby and found his alleged accomplice a short time later following a chase through yards and over fences.
The suspect was booked into King County Jail for investigation of robbery.
The second man was not arrested after the deliveryman told officers he didn't participate in the robbery attempt and may have been trying to dissuade the suspect.


text:
|Strength of Schedule Report
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May 7, 2012 3:00 am
Fans were treated to weird baseball in Boston when the O's and Sox resorted to using position players as pitchers.
The Weekend Takeaway
In one of the most bizarre goat-to-hero stories you will ever see, designated hitter Chris Davis hit like a pitcher… and then pitched like one, too. Davis began the afternoon by collecting a platinum sombrero, added a double-play ball in his sixth at-bat, and wound up 0-for-8 by the time the 17-inning marathon was over. But with the media preparing to make Davis the butt of many a Monday joke, Davis put the joke on the hometown nine, hurling two shutout innings to earn the win.
July 14, 2010 8:00 am
A historian looks at Willard Brown, the first African-American to play in a big-league game at Fenway Park.
Chris Wertz is a freelance baseball writer and historian living in New York City. He is a contributing author to the recently-released Pumpsie & Progress: The Red Sox, Race, and Redemption, by Bill Nowlin, which was published by Rounder Books.
October 6, 2009 11:27 am
Which teams and which players will get the least and most benefit of the few venues in play for October baseball?
A park factor, as used here, is a measure of how a team's home field changes their statistics. It results from a combination of many factors-the distance and height of the outfield fences, angles, foul territory, visibility, field surface, and weather, to name a few. It is not the case that the Yankees have a high park factor for home runs (PF) because the Yankees hit a lot of home runs. To get a high PF, you need to hit and allow more home runs in your home games than you do in your road games. An average effect on HR is written as '100'; a better-than-average park will score something like 120, which means they get a boost 20 percent above average, while a poor hitters' park would score 90, or 10 percent below average. Players are also graded on who has the best and worst fit to their stadium-not on how well they hit home/road, but how well their profile matches or doesn't match what the park gives.
This is a BP Fantasy article. To read it, sign up today!
August 4, 2009 10:53 am
The big-league deadline dealing was out of your control, but with some players in new venues, you may need to adapt and adjust.
The trade deadline can be an excellent or terrible day for fantasy owners, depending on how many of your players are moved and where. Maybe you get lucky and your ace pitcher with no run support is dealt to a team with an offense, or maybe a team with a terrible park for pitchers is desperate for an arm and acquires your guy. That was pretty rude of those general managers to swap your guys without your consent, but it's over now, and you need to figure out where to adjust.
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May 24, 2009 12:00 am
The new Yankeee Stadium has received a lot of press this spring for the large number of homeruns hit there so far. On April 21, 2009, Buster Olney wrote at ESPN http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=4080195 "The New York Yankees might have a serious problem on their hands: Beautiful new Yankee Stadium appears to be a veritable wind tunnel that is rocketing balls over the fences...including 17 in the first three games in the Yankees' first home series against the Indians. That's an average of five home runs per game and, at this pace, there would be about 400 homers hit in the park this year -- or an increase of about 250 percent. In the last year of old Yankee Stadium, in 2008, there were a total of 160 homers."
October 15, 2008 1:20 pm
Musings and meanderings during a playoff game in Fenway.
A week ago, Christina began an article, "Forgive me a second, as I doff the analyst's cap." From there she went on to share her experiences at ALDS Game Three, Rays versus White Sox, from something of a fan's perspective. I'll do something similar, having attended Monday afternoon's ALCS Game Three at Fenway Park, not as a reporter, but as a paying customer (albeit one who brought along a digital voice recorder and notepad). Unlike Christina's fine bit, I'll spend relatively little time talking about the game itself, which was, to put it mildly, among the least compelling of this year's post-season affairs. Instead, using a diary format, I'll intersperse my own musings with quotes from people I interacted with at the ballpark.
2:40: I arrive at Fenway Park and am surprised to have my ticket ripped, rather than scanned, but for some reason I don't ask why. I attended numerous games as a fan this season, and this is the first time my entry isn't verified electronically. It seems somewhat... old-fashioned?
May 20, 2008 12:00 am
The short list of lefty no-hitters in Red Sox history serves a reminder that talent trumps environment.
As Will Carroll wrote last night in Unfiltered, sometimes a no-hitter is more than a no-hitter. Jon Lester's thorough blanking of the Kansas City Royals on Monday night certainly qualifies as such. No-hitters have achieved often enough by pitchers both distinguished and less so that it's safe to say that these events, as wonderful as they are, are governed by pure chance. Unless you're Ron Necciai pitching a 27-strikeout no-hitter (in the Appalachian League, alas), the pitcher is subject to the same laws on balls in play that affect every other ballgame: if the ball is hit near where someone happens to be standing, it's an out, and the pitcher looks brilliant. If it's hit three feet behind the pitcher's mound and the batter has some speed, bye-bye history.
December 20, 2007 12:00 am
Before moving on to assessing outfielders through SFR, some thoughts on the import of Senator Mitchell's findings.
"Athletes who are chemically propelled to victory do not merely
overvalue winning, they misunderstand why winning is properly valued."
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October 30, 2007 12:00 am
The puzzle of park effects led to a flurry of reader emails.
I received a decent number of questions about my park effects piece from last week, so I think it's worthwhile to spend one more column rooting through the mailbag and discussing a few loose ends. The extremely short World Series-indeed, the extremely short postseason, with seven series played in just four games over the minimum-has taken some of the urgency out of the long-delayed umpire discussion.
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October 23, 2007 12:00 am
Skip nature versus nurture, let's talk environments and outcomes.
Lots of people are excited to see the Colorado Rockies in the World Series, but statheads are probably watching this series with a special glint of joy in their eyes. You see, for the past fifteen years, the Rockies have been the focus of one of the great inquiries in baseball-how do you win at altitude? Performance analysis can be defined as the study of baseball in context, and since 1993, the city of Denver has given the major leagues one of the most fascinating contexts in its history: a relentless high-run environment.
October 11, 2007 12:00 am
Ranging across a couple of old and new themes, explaining that there's something about the weather, and Pythagoras can rock steady.
"All of us could take a lesson from the weather. It pays no attention to criticism."
April 13, 2007 12:00 am
Jim has the results of his reader architecture poll, with a few surprising results, and a few not-so-surprising ones.
Today we're presenting the results of the sports venue architecture poll that was introduced in my column of March 16. I asked would-be participants to rank--from an architectural standpoint--their favorite existing sports venues (not just baseball), their favorite defunct or no-longer-extant venues, as well as their least favorite. For the favorite poll, points were given on a 7-5-3-2-1 basis. For the other two, it was 5-3-1. The point totals are in parentheses after the venue's name. Thanks to all of you who took the time to fill out a ballot.
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text: OverviewBack to top Flower Essence Services - Range of Light Dropper Spreading Phlox - 0.25 oz. Item# :83721UPC# :782932123834 Brand:Flower Essence Services Size/Form:0.25 oz. Dosage:4 Drop(s) Spreading Phlox Phlox diffusa Positive qualities: Activation of soul destiny through social impulses and connections; ability to recognize and manifest significant relationships that foster life purpose and destiny Patterns of imbalance: Caught in meaningless social circles or false societal expectations; inability to identify new opportunities and connect with groups that are aligned with true soul purpose The FES Quintessentials flower essences are liquid potentized extracts derived from flowers grown in the Biodynamic gardens at Terra Flora, or pristine wildflower habitats. Created in 'Nature's laboratory' through a careful orchestration of the four elements of Earth, Water, Air, and Fire, FES essences combine the fifth quintessential element of the sensitive attunement and awareness of the preparer to produce remedies which serve to nourish the human soul.The FES Quintessentials were developed to meet the needs of modern consciousness, adding to those identified by Dr. Edward Bach in the 1930's. The Quintessentials flower essences include remedies for current issues such as interpersonal and family relationships, spiritual unfoldment, career concerns, over-sensitivity, creativity, sexuality, and much more.Corroborated by over two decades of case studies and practitioner reports from around the world, the FES Quintessentials have developed a solid professional reputation for excellence and efficacy. These remarkable remedies occupy a unique niche in the health care spectrum as they address the emotional and psychological aspects of mind-body wellness.


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Holme Moss
|Holme Moss
Holme Moss towards Holme Moss transmitting station
|Highest point
|524 m (1,719 ft)
|53°31′58.87″N 1°51′26.61″W / 53.5330194°N 1.8573917°WCoordinates: 53°31′58.87″N 1°51′26.61″W / 53.5330194°N 1.8573917°W
|Holme Valley,
West Yorkshire,
|Parent range
|South Pennines
|OS grid
Holme Moss (1,719 feet/524 m a.s.l.[1]) is a moor in the South Pennines of England, on the border between the High Peak district of Derbyshire and the Kirklees district of West Yorkshire. Historically on the boundary between Cheshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is just inside the boundary of the Peak District National Park. The moor is crossed by the A6024 road between Longdendale and Holmfirth, whose highest point is near the prominent mast of Holme Moss transmitting station.[1]
The water seeping from the surrounding moorland Rake Dike is the source of the River Holme. Rake Dike rising from Kay Edge on the moor flows through the village of Holme and into Brownhill Reservoir, about a mile below the moor, and passes down through the Holme Valley to Huddersfield, where it flows into the River Colne. The upper part of the moor continues into Black Hill which is crossed by the Pennine Way north–south footpath.
Transmitting station[edit]
The Holme Moss transmitting station is the highest in England and provides VHF coverage of both FM and DAB to a wide area around the transmitter including Derbyshire, Greater Manchester and West Yorkshire. When originally erected it also transmitted television signals, which travelled much further than their intended service area. They were received on the Isle of Man and in parts of the Irish Republic, mainly Dublin and Wicklow. The FM signals today operate at 250 kW and it is one of the most powerful transmitters in the country with reception available as far north as the Borders, as far south as Birmingham, and both coasts to the east and west. Emley Moor (55.44°, 15.53 km) and Moorside Edge (348.22°, 11.56 km) transmitters can be seen from the location.
The Holmfirth Harriers Athletics Club organise an annual "Holme Moss Fell Race" on and around Holme Moss in the summer. The race starts at Cartworth Moor cricket ground, crosses Ramsden Clough to Holme Moss, crosses and descends to Crowden before returning via Bareholme Moss, Laddow Rocks and Black Hill. It is a classic local race.
In the winter Holme Moss frequently gets a covering of snow, while the surrounding valleys do not. The top car park is a popular spot for bringing children to do sledging, or even more serious snowsports. With heavier snowfall, the road over the moor is usually the first in the area to be blocked. This is not helped by two local councils needing to keep the road clear of snow across the moor. Kirklees Highways dept will clear its side of road as far as the border with Derbyshire. Derbyshire County Council Highways Authority are responsible for clearing the southern side of the road.[2]
To British cycling enthusiasts, Holme Moss has become synonymous with the A6024 (Woodhead Road) which crosses the moor, between the village of Holmbridge to the north and the Woodhead Reservoir to the south. The northern side in particular is one of England's best known bicycle ascents, and has acquired a reputation as among the country's more difficult climbs. It has often been used for domestic competition in British road racing[3] and mountain biking.[4]
Details of the climbs[edit]
Starting from Holmfirth, to the north, the climb is 7 km (4.3 mi) long, gaining 394 m (1,293 ft) in altitude, at an average gradient of 5.6%, although the penultimate kilometre is at a gradient of 11%.[5]
From the south, the climb starts at the junction with the A628, from where it is 4 km (2.5 mi) long, with a height gain of 274 m (899 ft) at an average gradient of 6.9%.[6]
"Le Col de Moss" bicycle race[edit]
Although not comparable in distance to the famous cols of European bicycle racing, the length and difficulty of Holme Moss relative to other British climbs has made it a frequent and popular inclusion in British races, including the Tour of Britain. For many years the (now defunct) Leeds Classic race saw internationally renowned riders (many of them, such as Bjarne Riis, veterans of the Tour de France, hence the moniker Le Col de Moss) tackling the climb.[4][7]
Tour de France[edit]
The second stage of the 2014 Tour de France followed the route across the Pennines to Derbyshire.[8] The leader over the summit was Blel Kadri from France.[9]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Holme Moss.
- ^ a b OL1 Dark Peak Area (Map). 1:25000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
- ^ "Roads and traffic". Derbyshire County Council. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ^ "Snake Pass & Holme Moss Loop". British Cycling.org.uk. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ^ a b "Le Col de Moss". Mountain Bike Rider. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ^ "Holme Moss - Holmfirth". climbbybike. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
- ^ "Holme Moss - A 628 - Barnsley". climbbybike. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
- ^ "Tour de France 2014: Stage 2 – Steep stuff with 33% at Jenkins Road". Cycling Stage.com. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ^ Fortheringham, William (17 January 2013). "Tour de France 2014: Leeds chosen for start as English route is unveiled". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
- ^ "Shark attack in Sheffield". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. 6 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.