text:
Momma's free and cheap family events
It's going to be a chilly weekend but that doesn't mean you can't have some fun. Check out these free and cheap events. And help keep your New Year's resolution to lose weight with a freebie from Baskin-Robbins.
Finally a gym membership pays off. Today (that's Thursday) is Baskin-Robbins BRight Choices Day, which means the ice cream makers are pushing their new line of lighter products by offering customers who show proof of gym membership a free 2.5 ounce scoop of any of the BRight Choices flavors today. Check here for Tampa Bay area locations.
Borders book stores throughout the Tampa Bay area will be having a free special inauguration celebration for kids in the stores Saturday starting at 2 p.m. Bring the whole family for art activities, games, a scavenger hunt, and an official oath ceremony to hail to the chief. Go here for store locations.
What does it say about you if you love herding dogs or tiny toy poodles? A lot, actually. Meet author Sarah Wilson (shown here with her My Smart Puppy partner Brian Kilcommons) for a free behavior demonstration and signing of her book Dogology on Friday at the SPCA Tampa Bay facility at 9099 130th Ave. N in Largo. Wilson, a trainer and expert on the complex bond between dogs and their owners, uses quizzes, psychological insights and humor to analyze why dog owners gravitate toward certain breeds and explain what owners' choices reveal about character and emotional makeup. The free event is from 6 to 9 p.m., but you need to reserve your spot by calling (727) 586-3591 or online.
Meet the celebrated pop artist Peter Max when he arrives for a two-day appearance to accompany his show now on display at the Arts Center, 719 Central Ave. in St. Petersburg. The official artist of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, his iconic brand of bright swirls and psychedelic flourishes have decorated many a dorm room. You can meet him at a reception from 6 to 9 p.m. Saturday or from noon to 3 p.m. Sunday at the Arts Center. Some of his art will be on sale to benefit arts educational programs.
On Sunday, hear the great sounds at the 24th annual National MLK Drum Major for Justice Battle of the Bands & Drum Line Extravaganza at 6:15 p.m. at Tropicana Field, One Tropicana Drive, St. Petersburg. Performers include college and high school marching bands from five states; and Historically Black Colleges & Universities All-Star band members. Tickets are $12 at the door; $10 in advance; $15 VIP seating. Purchase advance tickets at Enoch Davis Center, 1111 18th Ave. S., or Looking Good Men's Fashions in St. Petersburg, Tampa and Bradenton.
Even though they aren't having the best season, you can probably still find some great bargains and memorabilia at the Tampa Bay Lightning Garage Sale, from 2-7:30 p.m. Saturday at the St. Pete Times Forum, 401 Channelside Drive, Tampa. The team will be selling game-worn jerseys, sticks, helmets, gloves and more. If you buy a whole uniform, maybe you could suit up and show them how to win a few games. Call (813) 301-2500 for more information. It's free to get in.
Finally, the grand opening of the Tampa Bay History Center is at 11 a.m. Saturday in Tampa. The gorgeous 60,000 square foot museum sits on the water and includes artifacts detailing Tampa Bay's rich history, from Seminole Indians and cigar factories to sports attractions and life on the bay. There will be demonstrations of cigar rolling and sponge cutting, Flameco Dancers, Elvis and Ray Charles impersonators and lots more. The outdoor entertainment is free but tickets to get into the museum are $12 for adults; $10 for folks 65 and older, youths 13-17 and students with an ID; $7 for children 4-12; free for children 3 and younger. Groups of 10 or more at $6 each and school groups of 10 or more are $5 each. For more information call (813)228-0097 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
-- Sharon Kennedy Wynne and Sherry Robinson
[Photos: Sarah Wilson and Brian Kilcommons from My Smart Puppy Web site; Liberty from Peter Max Web site; Tampa Bay History Center from Times files]


text: Minus The Bear have released the video for "My Time," the first single from their new album, OMNI, which is out now via Dangerbird Records. It's worth noting that the video edit of the song is a full minute shorter than the album version. You can watch the clip below.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have written a program in C that opens Com Port 1 and sends characters to an LCD screen it can also read in packet responses from the LCD screen. But if I press a button on the LCD device I need my program to acknowledge the buuton press on myWinXp machine.
Do I need to rcreate a process/thread to wait/listen for a button press?
At the moment I am using ReadFile() to read in packet responses from the LCD screen and this works for most LCD commands(Reboot, ClearScreen etc.)
Does anyone have any suggestions?
Can anyone suggest any books or tutorials to get to learn about programming windows processes in C?


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Most people won't even consider Miami as a playoff hopefull. Most will put them in last in the AFC East. The most optimistic might place them third and have them "improve" to a 7-9 season. All that makes perfect sense. Or does it?
The impression of the Dolphins to the mass media is a team starting over from scratch. New head coach in Joe Philbin. Traded their most well known offensive player, Brandon Marshall, to Chicago. Drafted a quarterback, Ryan Tannehill, in the first round. Clearly, a team going nowhere fast. Well, at least you'd think that if that was as far as you were willing to go.
Truth is, the Miami Dolphins are not rebuilding. There wasn't a mass exodus of talent at the end of 2011 season. They (probably) aren't going to be starting a rookie QB to begin the season, and may have actually upgraded at the position with David Garrard. The offensive line should be improved with the draft and free agency (2nd round pick RT Jonathon Martin and RG Eric Steinbach), the backfield should be deeper and improved (Lamar Miller, year 2 for Daniel Thomas), and the defense, especially the front seven, is stacked.
Miami finished 6th in points allowed last season. The run defense allowed the third fewest yards in the NFL. Miami started out 0-7, but finished 6-3. There are some reasons to believe they are trending up, and not down.
Now, the downside, or the stuff you already know. The WR-group could be amongst the worst in the NFL. Chad Johnson, Legedu Naanee, and rookies BJ Cunningham, Rishard Matthews, and Jeff Fuller were brought in to compete with Brian Hartline, Davone Bess, and Clyde Gates. Even if the former Ochocinco bounces back, and Bess (ACL) and Hartline (appendectomy) are okay, and a rookie or two emerges, Miami still will have one of the bottom third groups in football. So yeah, they probably aren't scoring a lot of points.
The other weakness would be the secondary, that ranked 25th last year in passing yards allowed. CB Vontae Davis is one of the best in football, but the other 3-5 spots are questionable at best. CB Sean Smith shows signs of being solid, but being described as inconsistent is about as nice as you can be at this point. Veteran CB Richard Marshall was brought in, and probably is the favorite to win nickelback duties, but must beat out a bunch of youngsters for that right. The safety position ranged from mediocre to abysmal last season. On paper, it will be the same this year, so that could be a big-time problem.
I would expect Miami to fight for the playoffs this year. The schedule is manageable for certain drawing arguably the two worst divisions in football in the AFC South and the NFC West. The defense should keep games close, and if Garrard or Matt Moore are careful with the football, Miami could squeak out a bunch of low scoring games, much the same way they did in 2008 when they stunned the world and won the division after going 1-15 the previous season.
The Dolphins don't have enough talent to win a Super Bowl, and probably not enough to win a playoff game if they got there, but I'd be shocked if they wound up a 2, 3, or 4 win team. I think anything between 5-10 wins is possible. The AFC is so down right now, it could be much like last season when the 9-7 Bengals got in and teams like Tennessee, Oakland, Denver, Kansas City, and the NY Jets were alive in the final week of the season.
So before you pencil Miami in last place, think about some of those things.


text:
Everybody trusts a Toyota, and for a very good reason. Every Corolla, Rav 4, and Camry is a living testimony that a practical choice can reap rewards of great performance and impeccable style, which is one reason why people all over the world continue to go with Toyota. Visit HGregoire near Carignan to view our full inventory of used Toyota vehicles or schedule one for a test drive now.
Please start a new search. If you still get no results, contact one of our sales associates today. We're sure we can find the vehicle you are looking for!


text:
In scenes 4.4 - 4.5 of Romeo and Juliet, how does Shakespeare use the language of the characters to create the moods of the scenes?(Please cite examples)
The language in Act IV, scenes 4 and 5 of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is crucial to creating the moods of both scenes. In scene 4, for instance, the very brevity of some of the speeches adds to the sense of energy and speed, as does the interaction of many different speakers. Earlier in the play, characters often delivered long, poetic speeches; here the dialogue is much more rapid and colloquial. The focus is on practical preparations, and the language is highly practical, too. The emphasis is on giving and following orders. The main characters feel competent and in control, although also under the pressure of time. It is no accident that the words "make haste" are frequently repeated here.
In scene 4, the mood is initially comic and joyous, as when the nurse affectionately says to Juliet,
Why, lamb! why, lady! fie, you slug-a-bed!
Why, love, I say! madam! sweet-heart! why, bride!
The phrasing is also jokingly bawdy at first, as when the nurse refers to Paris's erotic plans for Juliet on their honeymoon night. The tone dramatically changes, however, when it suddenly appears that Juliet is dead. Suddenly the nurse, so often a figure of humor and fun in the play, becomes emotionally distraught. Similarly, Lady Capulet, a powerful and self-assured figure earlier, now feels overwhelmed:
O me, O me! My child, my only life,
Revive, look up, or I will die with thee!
Help, help! Call help.
Likewise, Capulet, Juliet's father, who had earlier been so enraged with his daughter when she seemed to disobey him, now becomes suddenly tender and poetic:
Death lies on her like an untimely frost
Upon the sweetest flower of all the field.
Some of the speeches in this scene are very brief (as they had been in scene 4), but now the brevity often communicates distress and shock rather than hurried, practical preparations. In the previous scene, people were preparing for a major event and knew what to do. Now, no one seems prepared for Juliet's death or sure of what to say or how to act. Capulet, normally so capable of expressing himself vigorously, now falls briefly silent. He soon recovers his powers of speech, however, and speaks with great eloquence about his daughter's death, even using an extended metaphor (or "conceit") in which he calls Death Juliet's husband and his own son-in-law.
The joyful, happy mood of the preceding scene has now changed utterly to one of grief and sorrow.
These two scenes, like many adjacent scenes in the play, are juxtaposed in order to create a sense of sharp emotional contrast. Shakespeare knew that one of his most powerful techniques as a dramatist was the technique of comparing and contrasting, and he uses that method to great effect here.


text: South Central High School will present its annual fall musical, "Seven Brides for Seven Brothers" Thursday to Saturday. The musical, an adaptation of the 1954 film, is about a woodsman, Adam (played by Steven Allen), who marries a woman named Milly (played by Erica Montgomery). Milly eventually discovers Adam has a half dozen brothers and helps them each find a wife. Shows will begin 8 p.m. each night with an additional matinee showing Nov. 11 at 2 p.m. Tickets are $8 (adult) and $5 (student) and can be purchased by calling Leann Palm at 419-744-2901 or by e-mailing firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
|There's more than one way to do things
Re^2: using wildcard character * in perlscript command lineby dorward (Curate)
|on Jan 28, 2005 at 16:38 UTC ( #426029=note: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
However, you don't have to use cmd as your shell under Windows. You can install bash or another shell that comes from UNIX. Then I would be very surprised if you couldn't enjoy nice wildcard expansion under that OS.
In Section Seekers of Perl Wisdom


text:
Hi all, Haven't delved into PG's rules system for a long time, but to me, this newly granted Microsoft patent sounds pretty close: US Patent 7376668 - Dynamic filtering in a database system Issued on May 20, 2008 http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/7376668/claims.html Abstract "A dynamic filtering module receives a request to perform an operation on data in the database and a input. The dynamic filtering module provides as an output a modified request to a data access system. The modified request can include one or more restrictions added to the original request pertaining to which data will be accessed as a function of the input." Am I wrong in thinking that PG provides prior art here? Regards and best wishes, Justin Clift -- Salasaga - Open Source eLearning IDE http://www.salasaga.org
Next: From: A. Kretschmer Date: 2008-05-27 11:44:16 Subject: Re: New MS patent: sounds like PG db rules Previous: From: Miklosi Attila Date: 2008-05-27 09:35:49 Subject: active queries


text:
ATLANTA, GA – (February 7, 2014)
It is with great pleasure that Richmont Graduate University prepares to welcome internationally renowned author and speaker, John Ortberg, Jr., to present: "Knowing Christ: Celebrating the Teaching of Dallas Willard for Pastors, Ministry Leaders and Christian Educators." This two-day conference will be hosted coming May 28 and 29, 2014 in Atlanta, Georgia and will be open to pastors, parachurch organization leaders, and current students.
"I am thrilled that John has agreed to partner with Richmont this spring to train local ministry leaders in such a critical area as spiritual formation," said Richmont's President, Bob Rodgers. "As cultural changes accelerate, we know a new type of leader, one who is prepared to generate ministry strategies that are contextually relevant and theologically sound, is needed more than ever. I am excited for John to join us in equipping students and local ministry leaders to think critically and act creatively to communicate the gospel in our contemporary and diverse world."
Ortberg has written several notable books on spiritual formation including, The Life You've Always Wanted, If You Want to Walk on Water, You've Got to Get Out of the Boat, The Me I Want To Be, and most recently, Who is This Man?. He also currently serves as the senior pastor of Menlo Park Presbyterian Church in Menlo Park, California where he lives with his wife, Nancy.
"Concerning both the process of Christian Spiritual Formation and the role the Church can play, there is not more clear or compelling voice that that of John Ortberg," said Dr. Gary Moon, Richmont professor and Director of the Martin Institute for Christianity and Culture and Dallas Willard Center for Christian Spiritual Formation.
"John embodies the hallmarks on the pathway to spiritual transformation such as authenticity, transparency, and centeredness in Christ," said Richmont's School of Ministry Dean, Dr. Leland Eliason. "His speaking and writing invite readers to incorporate profound truths from great minds like Dallas Willard, one of his mentors. These remarkable qualities, in addition to his personally transparent approach, challenge readers and listeners to grow in their relationship with Christ."
In preparation for this exciting event, further details can be found on the conference website.
Event Host:
Richmont Graduate University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOCS) and offers master's-level training in professional counseling to help individuals, families and groups successfully confront life's challenges. Presently, students have the opportunity to pursue master's degrees in: Professional Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy, Ministry, and Christian Psychological Studies as well as specializations in addictions, child and adolescent therapy, sex therapy, spirituality and counseling, and trauma counseling. Additionally, in order to serve Richmont's campus communities, the university hosts a network of Hope Counseling Centers throughout metro Atlanta, as well as the Henegar/CBI Counseling and Richmont Community Counseling Centers in Chattanooga, TN. These centers offer counseling and mental health services to children, adults, families and groups of all walks of life, regardless of their insurance status.
For More Information Contact:
Robert G. "Bob" Rodgers
President, Richmont Graduate University
(404) 835-6132 or firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Demi Lovato Gets Her Own Starbucks Cup! You Know You've Made it When…
Just a few weeks ago, Demi Lovato's name and hands were immortalized at The X Factor, Season 2 Handprint Ceremony next to Britney Spears' signature. (A pretty big sign that you've made it big if you ask us.) Yet Dem still didn't consider herself an A-lister because she didn't have — wait for it — her own Starbucks cup. But as of this week, the former Disney Channel queen can officially say she's made it 'cause Starbucks gave Demi her very own personalized star! So we came up with a bunch of silly ways to tell when you can call yourself a celebrity. You know you've made it when…
…you go from just holding the coffee cup to being on the coffee cup.
…you puke in front of all your fans (a la Justin Bieber) and they're not grossed out.
In fact, they stick up for you. And even find it endearing.
Imagine being the person cleaning up Justin Bieber's puke though…pretty lucky if you ask me ha ha ha
— sheila † (@supsheila) September 30, 2012
The fact that an artist can puke multiple times on stage and STILL continue the show amazes me. Dedication @justinbieber amazing
— Molli(@mollirenee18) September 30, 2012
I bet the puke was like, "Oh, my God Justin Bieber just TOUCHED ME WITH HIS MOUTH!"
— Julia Segal (@juliasegal) September 30, 2012
Good show @justinbieber I cried when you puke and I cried when u dedicate OLLG to Avalanna. I bet she's smiling right now to you :")
— Emma Stone (@ProuddBieber) September 30, 2012
…you curse out Mariah Carey (who made it a long time ago) and get away with it.
…Taylor Swift writes a song about you.
…you get a Hollywood Walk of Fame star.
(So, we guess Kim Kardashian won't count as "making it" any time soon.)


text:
President Obama will nominate Sen. John Kerry to be Secretary of State, a democrat who spoke to the senator says. His replacement as head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee will be Sen. Robert Menendez of New Jersey, according to the Sun-Times.
A formal announcement could come next week, a source told CNN.
Susan Rice, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, withdrew her name from consideration Thursday after heavy criticism from Republicans over her statements regarding the attack on the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya.
(Source: CNN)


text:
Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due, Benz or Marcus? Pre WWII Automotive Histories on Who Invented the Car
In response to my post about how the Nazis tried to write Austrian inventor Siegfried Marcus (who was Jewish) out of history by ordering German encyclopedia publishers to replace Marcus' name and credit Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz as the inventors of the automobile, some of our readers felt that I was unfairly diminishing Daimler and Benz's contributions to automotive history. My point that in pre-1938 Austria Marcus was considered the inventor of the gasoline powered automobile was dismissed as the result of Austrian chauvinism – as if Germans haven't been eager to accord their own countrymen the same honor.
How to resolve the matter? Well, since there was a documented attempt to rewrite history in 1940, we'd have to look at what the historical record said before 1940. Fortunately, the world's biggest public automotive history archive is about 20 minutes from where I'm sitting now, and while some of the early automotive histories in their collection credited Daimler or Benz, the oldest source they have, dating to 1912, says that Daimler's contribution was even by then overstated and that author made a point of crediting Marcus with making the first gasoline powered auto.
First off, it's obvious that Benz made and sold the first practical motorcar and that Marcus regarded it as an intellectual curiosity, not an invention with practical use. However, the fact remains that what we now know says that Marcus powered a four wheeled vehicle with a gasoline fired internal combustion engine at least a decade and a half before Daimler made his motorcycle and Benz his own three wheeler. What we know today, however, isn't as important to the topic as what was known or thought about the origins of the motorcar before the Nazis tried to diminish Marcus' role.
To see what early automotive historians had to say about the relative roles that early automotive pioneers had in the history of the car, to get a perspective on the pre-WWII draft of automotive history, I visited the National Automotive History Collection, which is housed at the Detroit Public Library's Skillman branch in downtown Detroit. If you're a car enthusiast and you find yourself in the Detroit area, I cannot urge you strongly enough to visit the NAHC, which has everything from the minutes of the boards of directors of long dead car companies to service manuals for just about every automobile that's every been made. The NAHC doesn't just have musty old Chilton's books, it also has a sufficient budget for new acquisitions. If there's a book about cars, there's a good chance the NAHC will have it in their collection.
The NAHC has a dedicated reference librarian who is very helpful with research requests and she managed to find three histories of the automobile that were published before 1940. Well, two of them actually. The third was published in early 1941, not likely to have been affected by what publishers in Germany had only recently done (the Reich's Ministry for Propaganda issued it's directive in mid 1940) and we'll start with that first, going in reverse chronological order.
The Automobile Industry: The Coming of Age of Capitalism's Favorite Child, by E.D. Kennedy, was published in January, 1941 by Reynal & Hitchcock in New York. Therein Kennedy makes the simple assertion that, "the world's first automobile was a German automobile which Benz had completed in 1886."
Going back to 1917, the A. J. Munson company of Chicago published The Story of the Automobile, Its History and Development from 1760 to 1917. Munson includes many early developments going back to Cugnot and various steam powered vehicles, but like Kennedy he fails to mention Marcus. Also, like Kennedy, he credits Benz. In the book's index, the entry under Benz reads "builder of first internal combustion road vehicle" and in the text of the work Munson says, "…in 1885, Benz, a German, built the first road vehicle to run by the internal combustion, hydro-carbon motor".
Now that would seem to settle things, but perhaps due to geography, or possibly spelling, American automotive historians may not have been aware of the role that Marcus played.
The oldest history of the automobile that the NAHC has in its collection is Motor-Cars and their Story, by Frederick A. Talbot, published in London in 1912 by Cassell and Company, Ltd. Unlike the the authors writing later, Talbot seems to go out of his way to credit Marcus, or as he spelled it Siegfried Markus, almost from the outset. In the front of the book, the list of illustrations describes one plate as "The Siegfried Markus motor-car completed in 1875, and said to be the first petrol-driven car" and the caption for that illustration goes on to say, "This is claimed to be the first petrol motor-car: it was completed by Siegfried Markus in 1875". In the index, under Siegfried Markus it simply says, "Inventor of the automobile, 13".
Now it must be said that we know today that Talbot got some facts wrong. To begin with, the vehicle shown in the photograph supplied by the Automobile Club of Vienna that owned it, was the second motorcar that Marcus built, and it was likely built closer to the time that Benz and Daimler were working on their first vehicle. We also know that the 1875 date is likely too late for Marcus' first "car", which is shown in a photograph dated 1870 and may actually have run even earlier, in the mid 1860s.
As with what we know today, the issue isn't whether Talbot got his timeline correctly, it's what early automotive historians felt about Marcus' role and Talbot clearly thought that role was highly significant. From page 13 of his book:
"Who invented the automobile? This question has provoked considerable diversity of opinion. Each country would appear to bestow the wreath upon its native claimant. Thus in Germany Gottlieb Daimler secures the honour, Selden in the united States, and so on. One above all, however, would appear to be entitled to the distinction, if it should be awarded, inasmuch as he drove a petrol-driven car in Vienna in 1875. It was a four-wheeled vehicle, with the mechanism placed centrally and driven by belting over a large pulley mounted on the back axle, with front-wheel steering controlled from a pillar and hand-wheel."
Again, Talbot seems to be describing the second Marcus car, which was much closer to late 19th and early 20th century motorcars than the primitive cart with a motor that he prior built. However, he clearly credits Marcus "above all" with being the first. Almost as if to prove his point about nationalism affecting the historical record, Talbot devotes a significant amount of ink to the story of the UK's Edward Butler and his 1883 "tri-car" and then goes on to say, "it has been stated that Daimler produced, in 1886, the first practical petrol motor-car, but this face seems scarcely reconcilable, as I have already shown. While Daimler's work was of far-reaching value, there is a tendency to overrate it."
Talbot's comments about Marcus carry a lot of wisdom about who invented the car and if that distinction really should be awarded. As I said in my original post, there are so many contributors to the idea of the automobile that it's hard to credit a single individual. Undoubtedly Benz and Daimler were two of the earliest contributors to that idea. However, as you can see from 1912's Motor-Cars and their Story, at least one early automotive historian, based outside of Austria, felt that Marcus deserved more credit than the German pair for originating the gasoline powered automobile.
Ronnie Schreiber edits Cars In Depth, a realistic perspective on cars & car culture and the original 3D car site. If you found this post worthwhile, you can get a parallax view at Cars In Depth. If the 3D thing freaks you out, don't worry, all the photo and video players in use at the site have mono options. Thanks for reading – RJS
Tagged as automotive history, Carl Benz, fredierick a. talbot, Gottlieb Daimler, Siegfried Marcus, who invented the automobile?
51 Comments on "Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due, Benz or Marcus? Pre WWII Automotive Histories on Who Invented the Car..."
SykeMarch 27th, 2014 at 10:51 am
The joy of historical research is the constant effort to find that sometimes impossible point in time where an invention was conceived. Not made any easier due to the realization of what Robert Heinlein called "steam engine time": The concept that when the time is right for a certain product to be invented, it will be invented, most likely in numerous places by individuals totally unconnected with each other.
And it's not made any easier due to the false starts. Probably the best example was the Cugneot's steam-tractor which led almost directly to the English road engines (what would probably be best described as a cross between a stagecoach with a steam engine powering it, and an interstate bus) which took off in the early 1800's . . . . . only to be promptly legislated out of existence by the Red Flag Laws, due to lobbying of stagecoach and other traditional transportation interests. And the Red Flag laws weren't rescinded until around 1900 when it became obvious that England was falling behind Europe in regards to the automobile.
Marcus may yet get his day. Fifty years ago, when I was in school and the discussion was electricity; all you ever heard was Edison, Edison, Edison. The greatest genius the US ever produced.
Nowadays, we realize that Nikolai Tesla did at least as much, if not more, than Edison regarding electrical generation and transmission; Edison did not invent the light bulb (he only came up with a version that would burn for longer than ten minutes before blowing out); and Thomas Edison was not the kindly inventive genius that was described to us in my youth. Rather, Edison was a patent-mongering genius (today he'd probably be called a patent troll) who was in it totally for the money, and worked on the basis that any credit given elsewhere diminished the credit for his contributions.
Of course, it doesn't hurt that Nikolai Tesla has become trendy, even being played by David Bowie in a feature film.
History constantly changes. It's all a matter of who's the victor, and who does the best research.
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March 27th, 2014 at 11:16 am
I just wonder how many kids graduate college unable to do library research. Not all information is online and many archives and library collections may never be digitized.
My mom is in the process of moving into an assisted living apartment and we've been packing up a lot of photographs. If you have family photos or slides, get a scanner and digitize them for posterity, otherwise your grandkids will likely never see them. The same is true for home movies, even if you only do a quick and dirty copy by projecting the movie on a wall and shooting it in digital.
When you find old photographs or negatives, save them. Books too.
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28-Cars-LaterMarch 27th, 2014 at 11:24 am
Growing up in the dawn of the "internet age" my instructors acknowledged the internet, but still taught and enforced traditional library research standards. Knowledge will be lost from this generation to the next, and probably every one thereafter.
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March 27th, 2014 at 11:37 am
Learning how to do an index>abstract>journal article search back when computers used punch cards has proved to be useful when using search engines, but then the skill that I most frequently use in research and writing is the touch-typing class that I had to take in high school.
Can anyone take Gregg shorthand these days?
Someone should make a phone app so that when you send a text msg, the recipient receives it in a graphic form that looks like a Western Union telegraph.
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28-Cars-LaterMarch 27th, 2014 at 11:46 am
You lost me with Gregg shorthand.
Regarding your app I'm sure something like that does exist or will exist. If I knew more about these silly phones I'd do it myself.
afedakenMarch 28th, 2014 at 10:10 am
Shorthand is rightfully deprecated. These days most folks can type just as fast as a skilled transcriptionist could take shorthand, and there's no further transcription necessary afterwards.
Also: TXTs. LOL.
th009March 27th, 2014 at 12:50 pm
As Syke says, it's not always easy to tell, especially 100+ years later.
It's worthwhile to note that two of the three references, which pre-date Goebbels' order, still credited Daimler. So his fame is not just a result of Nazi white-washing.
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jhefnerMarch 27th, 2014 at 2:16 pm
"The joy of historical research is the constant effort to find that sometimes impossible point in time where an invention was conceived. Not made any easier due to the realization of what Robert Heinlein called "steam engine time": The concept that when the time is right for a certain product to be invented, it will be invented, most likely in numerous places by individuals totally unconnected with each other."
In his book "The Ancient Enginners", L. Sprague De Camp put it: "When it is time for man to board a ship, someone will invent the ship."
What you said is so true; the same applies to the airplane. And going back closer to the event will not necessarily help. Up until around WWII; when you visited the Smithsonian Institute; you would find Langley's Aerodrome on display with the placard declaring it to be first airplane capable of manned flight. (Langley was Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute beginning in 1887.) The Wright Brothers were so infuriated by the display that they had the Wright Flyer shipped to England for display; it was only with the threat of destruction during the Battle of Britain that they agreed to have it returned to America and placed on display in the Smithsonian with the provision that it be given proper credit for being the first plane capable of manned, sustained, controlled flight.
(The Aerodrome crashed just a short distance after takeoff on both attempts at flight. It used dihedral for lateral stability instead of providing a means of lateral control. It was rebuilt by Glenn Curtiss with some modifications and briefly flown as part of his legal battle over lateral control with the Wright Brothers.)
Many texts closer to 1900 may have given Clement Ader credit for being the first to fly; although his bat-like Eole lacked any sort of usable control surfaces (they were all of the warping type activated by pulleys off to one side instead of a stick) and was incapable of sustained flight. Mozhaysky and du Temple also managed brief hops off the end of ramp with their steam powered airplanes; the Soviets built a steam powered replica of Mozhaysky's plane (but with modern control surfaces added) and flew it in the 1930s to "prove" he was the first to fly. Many pioneers such as Goupil understood the need for control in three dimensions, but did not build their designs because they felt the steam power plants of their day were inadequate for sustained flight; Curtiss built Goupil's "Duck", but powered it with an OX-5 engine, as part of his legal wrangle with the Wright Brothers.
Most comprehensive histories of aviation will make mention of many of these as aviation pioneers; but give the Wrights the credit they deserve for making the first sustained, controlled flight; and going on to further develop their design. ("Flight: 100 Years of Aviation" published by the Smithsonian Institute devotes two pages to Langley, mentions Ader and others, but most of a chapter to the Wright Bros.) History is a tangled web; and sometimes we may uncover documentation that gives further strength to what the early pioneers achieved that was not available to contemporary historians. To strive for a definitive answer free of politics and bias is a noble; but near impossible cause.
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SykeMarch 27th, 2014 at 4:40 pm
Of course, De Camp and Heinlein were both contemporaries and friends. No doubt there was a great deal of cross-pollination there.
I had the pleasure of knowing both Sprague and Catherine (his wife) back in my SF convention going days in the '70's and '80's. Quite the story teller, settle back with a couple of beers are just let the man talk. By that point he was well past his prime writing days, but he could certainly entertain an audience.
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nikyMarch 27th, 2014 at 9:21 pm
I've always been given to understand he was both a fan and friend of Heinlein.
I'm massively envious that you got to meet the man in person!
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CRConradMarch 30th, 2014 at 4:12 am
Just like on balance, the honour for (powered) flight goes to the Wright brothers (or possibly Gustave Whitehead), with Langley and Curtiss and Mozhaysky and whatnot as not-quite-there attempts…
In exactly the same way, it seems to me, the honour for a working roadworthy self-propelled vehicle goes to Daimler and Benz. I don't know if it is because Marcus was Jewish that Ronnie has got a bee in his bonnet about him, but the more he goes on about him, the more he makes Marcus look just like Cugnot and the men behind those road engines and — heck, the automobile has even been claimed for Leo from Vinci! — the more he goes on, the more Marcus looks like those Wright precursors: A good early attempt, but not quite it.
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March 27th, 2014 at 2:57 pm
> History constantly changes. It's all a matter of who's the victor, and who does the best research.
History as a collection of empirical events doesn't change at all, only the narrative.
It just happens popular narratives are universally poor because the popular mind abhors the complexity of reality.
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gmichaeljMarch 27th, 2014 at 12:06 pm
Hey Ronnie, why don't the inventors of the English road engines get credit for the invention of the automobile (sure sounds like an early automobile to me)
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NMGOMMarch 27th, 2014 at 2:20 pm
Ronnie – – –
Boy, you just won't quit this distortion, will you?
No credible and universally accepted source, or company, in the automotive world believes that anyone other than the Benz/Daimler/Diesel trio, as a group, were responsible for the practical, modern motorcar as we know it today, with various forms of an ICE. The Nazi's had nothing to do with that 19th Century, patent-documented history.
Just as the Byzantine Greeks suffered from the want of a iota ("i"), you seem to suffer from the want of a tau ("t"). Your use of the word "motorcar" in both a photo captions and text in the previous post (http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2014/03/how-the-nazis-made-daimler-benz-the-inventors-of-the-automobile-and-wrote-siegfried-marcus-out-of-history/) is not justified. I believe my posted comments discussed that in some detail.
For example, under photos, in their captions, you said, "Replica of the first Marcus MOTORCAR in the museum of Malchin, Germany, Marcus' hometown"; and "Early Marcus combustion engine. Dated 1870, it appears to be the same engine he used in his first MOTORCAR." [Capitals mine.]
And in the text following, you also said, "Marcus already had a thriving business so to him the MOTORCAR was more of an intellectual pursuit…". And you continued that usage later in the text as well, "Marcus built a second motorcar, this one much more sophisticated than the first Marcus MOTORCAR and in a number of ways closer to a modern car than Benz's three wheeler…." [Capitals mine.]
All of which assigns a false status to the first Marcus device, WHICH EVEN HE DID NOT INTEND.
(In fact,there were many inventors or tinkerers of that era who were putting motive engines on wheeled things to provide motion: In 1871, Dr. J. W. Carhart, professor of physics at Wisconsin State University, and the J. I. Case Company, built a working steam car that won a 200-mile race. AND THAT WAS EVEN A REAL CAR! http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarssteama.htm)
The Marcus device was clearly a MOTORCART, ending with a "t", and not a MOTORCAR, – – – hence your omission of the "t" changes everything, doesn't it?
Even your headline in the previous post, said in part, "How the Nazis Made Daimler & Benz the Inventors of the Automobile…", and that clearly implies that the Nazi fabricated this whole Benz thing, as though there were no substance to it. And of course, that flamboyant distortion served to garner the attention and agreement of your readership, since it implied a discovery about how bad those Nasty Nazis were (big surprise there). I'm afraid that is psychological manipulation, Mr. Schreiber.
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jhefnerMarch 27th, 2014 at 3:20 pm
You do have a point here, NMGOM; though I don't share your opinion that Ronnie has some dark manipulation behind his reasoning.
Others have already mentioned Cugnot's steam carriage and the steam road carriages in England prior to the Red Flag act. But, for a steam powered MOTORCART, google "William Murdock steam carriage" and you will see pictures and documentation on the steam carriage that Murdock built in 1784. In general layout and principle, it is a MOTORCART along the lines of the Marcus device; but powered instead by a steam engine; and came out nearly a century earlier.
The fact is, like the aeronautical pioneers I mentioned in another thread, all of these were an evolutionary dead end; they were pioneering efforts that played out and did not result in the MOTORCAR we use today. That was for Benz/Daimler/Diesel and others to do in terms of automobile, and the Wrights, Curtiss, Farman and others to do in terms of the aeroplane we have today.
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March 27th, 2014 at 3:23 pm
Where do you put Santos Dummond in the the creation of the airplane? Just curious. Because Brazilians (of course we would, wouldn't we?) and the French name him the inventor.
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LALoserMarch 27th, 2014 at 3:33 pm
Don't forget Richard Pearse.
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jhefnerMarch 27th, 2014 at 4:11 pm
Santos-Dummond's first recognized flight is on November 12, 1906; and is credited with being the first person to fly in Europe.
Santos-Dummond was weathly, but also an experienced ballonist and a clever mechanic, and built a series of 15 airships; starting in 1898 with the Santos-Dummond 1. His development of the non-rigid airship and his piloting skills made it possible for him to win a prize for the being the first to fly from St. Cloud to the Eiffel and back in his No. 6 in October 1901. He later used his Santo Dumont No. 9 airship as a runabout in Paris; sometimes leaving his airship tied up outside while he ate or drank coffee.
His plane is named the 14bis because he took the gondola of his Santo Dumont No. 14 airship, trimed it down, and fitted box kite-like control surfaces to the front, and similiar wings with a large amount of dihedral (to eliminate the need for lateral control) to the back, along with landing gear. This is the plane in which he made a series of short hops starting on October 23, 1906, and followed by his official flight.
I almost forgot about his crowning achievement, the Demoiselle series of monoplanes. According to wilipedia:
"In 1908, Santos-Dumont started working with Adolphe Clément's Clement-Bayard company to mass-produce the Demoiselle No 19. They planned a production run of 100 units, built 50 but sold only 15, for 7,500 francs for each airframe. It was the world's first series production aircraft. By 1909 it was offered with a choice of three engines: Clement 20 hp; Wright 4-cyl 30 hp (Clement-Bayard had the license to manufacture Wright engines) and Clement-Bayard 40 hp designed by Pierre Clerget. The Demoiselle could achieve a speed of 120 km/h.[8]"
The wikipedia article also states that some feel that Santos-Dumont deserves credit for the being the first to fly a practical fixed wing aeroplane because his 14bis had wheels; while the early Wright Flyers used skids and a takeoff rail. Like the arguements in this article; there will never be a definitive answer; it all depends on whether you are cheering for the Wrights or Santos-Dumont. Both deserve their place in history as aviation pioneers. I also give Santos-Dumont credit for taking his earnings from his Eiffel Tower prize and splitting it between the poor of Paris and his airships builders; along with giving away his plans to the Demoiselle for free rather than trying to capitalize on it like the Wrights did.
Santos-Dumont as also an early automobile owner; he owned a deDion three wheeler and the very early Le Zèbre cars.
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March 27th, 2014 at 4:30 pm
Thanks! Very balanced and complete answer. Sometimes, when discussing these things, people take sides which leads nowhere.
Another couple of interesting facts on Santos Dummont. He is credited with inventing the wrist watch. Apparently he came upon the idea as he needed a timepiece for his tests but also needed his hands to fly his airplanes.
Also, he was a kind of crazy guy. Believing that he had in fact invented the airplane, seeing the carnage brought on by his "invention" in WWI, he committed suicide.
jhefnerMarch 27th, 2014 at 4:39 pm
Marcelo, Santos-Dumont is thought to have developed multiple sclerosis; which eventually forced him to give up his aeronautical research and move back to Brazil. The wikipedia article outlines how a series of unfortunate incidents only deepened his depression from his original multiple sclerosis illness until he died; some feel he was murdered.
March 27th, 2014 at 4:47 pm
Yes, I know. I state the suicide story because it's the one that has the most credence around historians here. His disease did debilitate him and cause his on and off depression to hit deep. The cause for his mood swings in unknown. Some say it was the result of his bi-polar nature, others cite deep-rooted personal issues. There are stories of him falling into melancholy even as a child.
And yes he was a car enthusiast. He was one of the first in Brazil to own one and certainly the first in my (and his) home state, Minas Gerais.
He was a talented guy, maybe even a genius. He patented many things, things still in use. The biggest inventions on the general public are the wrist watch and airplane,though.
March 27th, 2014 at 5:23 pm
FAscinating! Thanks!
NMGOMMarch 27th, 2014 at 5:44 pm
jhefner – – –
"….I don't share your opinion that Ronnie has some dark manipulation behind his reasoning."
Mr. Schreiber's "dark manipulation" is to solicit agreement by the imagery of Nazi irrationality. Guess I am very sensitive to the use of loaded language.
For example, a better and more credible title for Mr. Schreiber's original post (IMHO), – – – one that is more imagery neutral, – – – might have been "The Contributions of Siegfried Marcus in Automotive History", or something comparable to that.
Thanks for your comment…
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March 27th, 2014 at 7:56 pm
"Ronnie – – –
Boy, you just won't quit this distortion, will you?"
I wanted to see what the early histories actually said, so I went to the NAHC and reported on what they had there, as I found it. I'm not sure how accurately quoting historical sources, including those that credit Benz, is a distortion. I cited three pre-WWII sources. Two credited Benz, one credited Marcus.
Since one out of three citations seems to be too much credit to Marcus for you to bear, which would you prefer, not mentioning him at all, or only mentioning his "motorcart" in the context of minimizing his contribution to the development of the automobile?
Should we also ignore Marcus' other inventions, his magneto and carburetor, that were important, perhaps necessary, steps in the development of the internal combustion engine?
Should the NAHC remove Frederick Talbot's book from their collection because he credits Marcus and you think it offends the memory of Daimler and Benz? Actually, it's hard to tell what you think of Talbot since you carefully avoid mentioning him.
What do you think of what Talbot said in 1912?
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Felis ConcolorMarch 27th, 2014 at 9:01 pm
Perhaps we should just limit and qualify our questions until we achieve the answers we want.
Thank you very much for digging up these important historical accounts; in an age where many people speak only in and of superlatives, it's good to come across confirmation the past history of what we knew is never as clear cut as many insist it was.
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madcynicMarch 28th, 2014 at 8:19 am
I wouldn't dismiss Talbot, however, the fact that you found one source out of three that credits Marcus as the first guy isn't actually much of a proof. It is one source only and there might be a reasoning behind the other two not mentioning Marcus (speculation, obviously, but still).
While it is certainly interesting that you found a pre-1940 source mentioning Marcus, isn't it more interesting that you found two that did not, but in fact credit Benz? In this regard I tend to agree that your assertion that the evil Nazis erased Marcus from history is at least an exaggeration.
Additionally, while the existence of the memorandum to German lexicographers cannot and should not be denied, this memorandum in no way makes an argument as to the truthfulness of the claim that Marcus was the first. In fact, German-language Wikipedia claims that while the first Marcus vehicle can be reliably dated to 1870, the second one – the vehicle that more closely resembles a car (considering the first one lacked brakes, transmission, steering) can be reliably dated to 1888/89 (not 1875!) through letters from the company that built it. Thus, while the Nazis might have had an interest in leaving out Marcus' contribution, his contribution actually did not precede Benz. (The research that indicated that later date for the 2nd Marcus vehicle was done in the 1960s and later confirmed by several other researchers.)
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NMGOMMarch 28th, 2014 at 12:49 pm
madcynic – – –
Amen. You are spot on.
Ronnie asked what we think about Talbot. Well, not everything that comes out of Britain is credible…think of the Cardiff Giant, for example, or Chamberlain's "Peace" with Hitler!
Talbot has had little credibility in the automotive history realm, considering current research. Ronnie's own comments explain a part of "Why":
"Now it must be said that we know today that Talbot got some facts wrong. To begin with, the vehicle shown in the photograph supplied by the Automobile Club of Vienna that owned it, was the second motorcar that Marcus built, and it was likely built closer to the time that Benz and Daimler were working on their first vehicle. We also know that the 1875 date is likely too late for Marcus' first "car", which is shown in a photograph dated 1870 and may actually have run even earlier, in the mid 1860s."
My God, if Talbot got simple things like this wrong, what else did he get wrong? Hence, no credibility, regardless of anything else he might have gotten "right". (Confession: One of my own scientific papers had a foolish factual error. As a result, I could only questionably convince the surface-science community that the REST of the findings were OK. Tough crowd.)
But Ronnie is also not addressing his absolutely false accusation that the Nazis initiated the "Benz-Invented-The-Automobile" thing. His title to the original post was: "How the Nazis Made Daimler & Benz the Inventors of the Automobile…" The Nazi's had nothing to do with the reality of the Benz legitimacy.
As I said to "jhefner" above, a less hysterical , more level-headed, and more appropriate title, might have been, "The Contributions of Siegfried Marcus in Automotive History", or something comparable to that.
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March 27th, 2014 at 3:07 pm
For firsts, one should not forget Frenchman Joseph Cugnot, whose Fardier a vapeur (steam engine car) was built in 1769. No, it didn't go anywhere in the business sense, but it preceded the others by 100 years. (Although if someone were to come up with yet someone else, earlier, I wouldn't be too surprised.)
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LALoserMarch 27th, 2014 at 3:12 pm
Is he the one that also crashed into a stone fence or something? I remember that from years ago.
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March 27th, 2014 at 3:17 pm
Hah! I don't really know what he crashed into, but crash he did! Maybe one of our colleagues will enlighten us.
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LALoserMarch 27th, 2014 at 3:25 pm
Just saw your post below Marcelo! It takes me a long time to finish typing sometimes..phone, people…
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March 27th, 2014 at 4:50 pm
Hey, absolutely no problem! I think we were typing almost simultaneously.
jhefnerMarch 27th, 2014 at 3:29 pm
Hanging a copper boiler and steam engine in front of your front driving wheel will make any FWD car today total awesome! He built a second model in 1770; it's unstable three wheel arrangement overturned on a Paris street; and Cugnot was locked up afterwards. That machine is in a museum in Paris.
He originally intended it to be a gun carriage used to haul cannon; and not as a vehicle in and of itself; it only had a single seat for the driver.
I thought Murdock's steam carriage of 1784 preceeded Cugnot; but I am obviously wrong. It is closer in design to the Marcus machine; it is just steam powered instead of i.c. powered.
Pulling out one of my books; a missionary to China named Verbiest had propelled a model by steam issuing from jets in a container and which blew upon vanes fixed to the periphery of a wheel in 1680. Denis Papin; who is credited with an early form of steam pumping engine, made a model that used his piston-in-cylinder arrangement with a rachet drive to the rear wheel in 1698.
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March 27th, 2014 at 4:31 pm
Wow! 1698! Yeah, the will to drive has been with us for a long time.
March 27th, 2014 at 5:12 pm
@M deV: that makes me think it may be at least partly genetic!
March 27th, 2014 at 3:13 pm
Let's not forget that the distinction of the very first automobile crash in history also belongs to M. Cugnot. On his very first public display of the new invention, he crashed into a tree at the ungodly speed of 10 or 15 mph.
No one was hurt, though I figure that dampened the attraction of the new machine!
Anyhow, I think the invention of the car was a collaborative effort by many. Some, for whatever reason, have gone down in history, others have been forgotten.
I for one salute them all.
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March 27th, 2014 at 5:16 pm
Well if we're going to talk the distinction of crashes, then I'd like to bring up my Grandmother. She crashed into the first traffic light in Denver the day after it was installed. I don't know how fast she was going, but I don't think she was hurt. (She was also among the first three women in Colorado to earn PhDs, so she was very distinguished.)
But all that certainly does not detract from M. Cugnot's achievements. Heck, having built one of the first cars, he was hampered by the fact that there was no one to teach him to drive!
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March 27th, 2014 at 7:51 pm
I bet your grandmother was a fascinating woman! Great story.
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hawoxMarch 27th, 2014 at 3:22 pm
inventor of the motor car is Henry Leland, he took the remains of the first ford motor company after herny ford leave. then he founded Cadillac.
the cadillac A model in 1904 is belived to be the first usable car as we intend today. the cadillac A was the first car to be mass produced, with standard interchangeable parts.
sorry but before that cars were more rich men's toys than a locomotion device.
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gtrslngrMarch 27th, 2014 at 5:06 pm
Where on gods little green earth did you dug up this tidbit of misinformation as well as revisionist history other than who and why Cadillac was formed is well beyond me and any other intelligent person with so much as a modicum of automotive history knowledge ! Simple fact is .. much everyone wants to vilify the Nazi's even for things they didn't do [ as if the proven things they did do were not enough ] Benz created the FIRST automobile … sold the FIRST one ( actually his lovely wife did while taking the first one out for its first extended drive … bet you din't know that either did you ? ) etc
Cadillac as the first automobile … and first to be mass produced as well … thats almost laughable .. if it wasn't so pathetic
As far as mass production …. that term never even so much as came into being until Henry Ford brought the concept into automotive production … and it was THEN … with the Model T … that the automobile was no longer strictly a Rich Man's toy . And BTW …. Cadillac …. has ALWAYS been at the very least a well to do mans toy if not a rich ones since the companies inception . Which is why it almost came to a halt until Chevrolet … soon to become GM bought the remainders of the company .
As to the airplane ? Everyone here might want to take a look just a wee tad bit North ( New England ) if you're really interested in learning who Actually created the very first FLYING airplane … that in fact on its maiden voyage out flew even the 4th generation plane the Wrights had concocted . So why do the Wrights get all the credit you ask ? US Government favoritism eliminating one and promoting the other … plain and simple
Ahhh revisionist History . Makes for an entertaining story … but Truth ? … Not so much !
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jhefnerMarch 27th, 2014 at 5:52 pm
I take it you are referring to Gustav Whitehead. His is an example of where later research may prove that this early pioneer accomplished more than we give him credit for.
But, he did not help his cause by not having a photographer present for his first flights like the Wright Brothers and Santos-Dumont did. (Or, to be more accurate, no photographs have survived to this day.) Nor for whatever reason did he attempt to promote or make money from his invention after he succeeded.
I agree that after the spat between the Wright Bros. and the Smithsonian over Langley and who was the first to fly that they are not an impartial judge in this matter. Whitehead is not even mentioned in the Smithsonian book I mentioned before.
Yes, there is Richard Pearse and and a host of others who died in relative obscurity. Like I said before; it is almost impossible to come up with a definitive answer free of politics and bias.
In my steam themed study, along with pictures of steam locomotives, steamships and steam pumps; I have 1/72 scale paper models of steam airplanes over my desk. They are of the Henson's Aerial Steam Carriage of 1849, duTemple's steam monoplane of 1874, Mozhaiski's steam monoplane of 1884, the Eole of 1894, and Whitehead's No. 21 of 1901; though I never found the definite answer on whether No. 21 was steam powered, i.c. powered, or both; since he experimented with both, and had seperate engines driving the wheels and propellers.
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hawoxMarch 27th, 2014 at 7:04 pm
someone should read some books, or look one of those "cars" built before the cadillac.
who cares the nazi? the came 20 years later!
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Pch101March 27th, 2014 at 7:17 pm
Oldsmobile had the first assembly line.
Cadillac won the Dewar trophy in 1908 for making working interchangable parts, which were a critical component for the development of mass production. (This was the source of the "Standard of the World" slogan.)
Henry Ford created the benchmark for automotive mass production, which established the standard in the industry until Toyota's lean production methods eventually replaced it. But Ford did not invent either the assembly line or interchangable parts, although he gets full credit for advancing them both.
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hawoxMarch 28th, 2014 at 8:57 pm
yes, olds maybe was the first to develop mass production, but first models were hardly considerable as cars. 3hp, 300kgs of weight, brake on 1 wheel….
so the innovation wasn't big evolution for consumers. small cars were not practical, unreliable, slow, not real cars in my opinion.
in europe Bugatti designed the peugeot bebè in 1910, good try but was nearly unusable.
usable cars back in the day were incredibly expensive because hand made.
cadillac with standardization was able to develop the ford A and made it practical and reliable, built different versions even with 4 cilinder engines.
then ford made the "usable" car cheap and we know the rest of the story (and drive a ford T isn't easy).
in europe we had opel, renault, citroen, morris in 1910-1915… but war slowed everything.
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Ron B.March 27th, 2014 at 6:03 pm
Of course the Amercians love to claim that the Wrights were the first to fly etc , but it is well Known that New Zealand's Richard Pearse was in fact the earliest and replica of his plane is on Display in Auckland's Transport and Technology museum. In the late 60's his actual plane was hanging up in the roof of the museum.
it has always been a mystery to me that Hitler allowed Daimler Benz to continue to use the Name"Mercedes" on it's product. After all, the girl who was Named Mercedes and whose father was Daimlers first 'dealer' ,Mercedes Adrienne Ramona Jellinek was the granddaughter of Vienna's Chief Rabbi,Adolf Jellinek.
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jhefnerMarch 27th, 2014 at 6:21 pm
There were limits to what even Hitler could do to stamp out his percieved enemies and rewrite history. Hugo Eckener, manager of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin in between the war periods, was a well known anti-Nazi who objected to the nationalization of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and the Nazi flags being painted on the tails of the Hindenburg and Graf Zeppelin II. But he was a popular man in Germany and elsewhere; and while Hitler succeeded in blacklisting Eckener throughout the war; he was not able to dispose of him.
And Pearse is in the same boat as Whitehead and others, dying in relative obscurity little known outside their country or region of their contributions to aviation. As already mentioned several times already; technological history is not a straight line, but a tree with many branches; some of which we know little to nothing about, and terminate without leaving a legacy of other branches branching from them in the form of further developments.
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mcsMarch 27th, 2014 at 6:32 pm
>> New Zealand's Richard Pearse was in fact the earliest and replica of his plane is on Display in Auckland's Transport and Technology museum.
From the Museum's Web Site:
"The eyewitness accounts also tell us of Pearse crashing his plane into a
gorse bush after only a few seconds in the air. This means that Richard
Pearse did not achieve sustained and controlled flight, and this is why he
himself never considered it to be the real thing."
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schmitt triggerMarch 27th, 2014 at 8:13 pm
I see the process of invention like a river: there will always be a tributary which is born the farthest from the river's mouth to the sea.
But in many instances, said tributary is not the one that provides the greatest water-flow. Many times a much shorter tributary enhances a small stream into a full fledged river.
This added water-flow may enable the original stream to survive the crossing of deserts, to carve a path thru solid rock, to continue flowing in the flattest of plateaus.
Even then, the river may still not yet be useful for navigation, or be able to provide life to significant population centers, nor be spanned by magnificent bridges or bordered by iconic structures.
It takes the water from many other streams and many other rivers to fully create the world's most important rivers.
Invention is the same.
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March 27th, 2014 at 9:24 pm
Very poetic and very true!
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carlisimoMarch 27th, 2014 at 9:44 pm
Spain likes to take credit for the first submarine, Ictineo II designed by Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol, but I suppose it's only "first" with some qualifiers (first air-independent, combustion-powered submarine).
As we can see with the car/cart distinction, these things are often evolutionary, and who's first depends on where you draw the line between what's a car (or submarine, or airplane) and what isn't.
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jimbob457March 28th, 2014 at 12:17 pm
The first real motorcar was Ford's Model T. By the late 1920's it represented more than 80% of all motor cars in service in the world. Granted western and mittel Europe would have represented themselves better had it not been for the destruction of WWI.
I once learned to drive a Model T. It was nothing at all like driving a modern motor vehicle. The throttle was on the dash. So was the spark adjustment. It top ended at about 45 mph. This was way above the practical speed limit of most wagon roads in those early days.
The mass produced Model T motor made the prosperity of the 1920's in America. It powered everything on the farm. Country boys everywhere learned how to fix it.
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Casey Stoner leads a wet Friday practice (1) for the Valencia MotoGP.
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World champion Casey Stoner emerged fastest after a cold and wet opening practice session for the final round of the 2011 MotoGP World Championship at Valencia.
The Friday morning session marked the first time MotoGP bikes have been on track since Marco Simoncelli's fatal accident at Sepang two weeks' ago.
Loris Capirossi - who will end a 22-year grand prix carer on Sunday - appeared on track with Simoncelli's #58 on his Pramac Ducati. The Italian put Simoncelli's number on top of the timesheets with eight minutes remaining, before finishing in fifth place.
With sun breaking through the clouds in the closing stages, Stoner and Repsol Honda team-mate Dani Pedrosa both set their best time on their last lap. The Australian was 0.223sec ahead of the home hero. Lap times were over ten-seconds from dry record pace.
Ducati's Valentino Rossi, who will debut a Simoncelli tribute helmet on Saturday, was third quickest (0.315s), with team-mate Nicky Hayden fourth (+0.560s).
Fellow American Ben Spies was the leading Yamaha, behind Capirossi in sixth (+0.746s), followed by Capirossi's team-mate Randy de Puniet (+0.858s), LCR Honda's Toni Elias (+0.880s), Repsol Honda's Andrea Dovizioso (+0.889s) and Monster Yamaha Tech 3's Cal Crutchlow (+1.068s).
Alvaro Bautista, who will make an announcement about his 2012 plans on Sunday, was eleventh quickest for Rizla Suzuki, followed by fellow Spaniard Hector Barbera, who is tipped to move from Aspar to Pramac for next season.
Karel Abraham, just one point behind Crutchlow in the rookie of the year contest, was 13th for Cardion AB Ducati, followed by Simoncelli's team-mate Hiroshi Aoyama.
Aoyama was riding with the words "Ciao Marco. One of us" (in Italian) in place of San Carlo sponsorship on the side of his bike. Aoyama will move to WSBK with Castrol Honda next year.
The last two places on the 16-rider line-up went to replacements Josh Hayes and Katsuyuki Nakasuga.
Hayes, the reigning double AMA Superbike champion, has been drafted in at Tech 3 to replace the injured Colin Edwards, while Nakasuga is again substituting for 2010 world champion Jorge Lorenzo at the factory Yamaha team.
Despite no prior knowledge of the track, bike or tyres, Hayes made a solid start to his first grand prix by lapping 2.5sec from Stoner. Nakasuga was a further 0.3sec slower.
Second practice takes place this afternoon.
Friday practice 1:
1. Stoner
2. Pedrosa
3. Rossi
4. Hayden
5. Capirossi
6. Spies
7. de Puniet
8. Elias
9. Dovizioso
10. Crutchlow
11. Bautista
12. Barbera
13. Abraham
14. Aoyama
15. Hayes
16. Nakasuga


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Denise Babineau, PhD
Director, Statistical Sciences Core
Assistant Professor
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Office: Wolstein 6128
Phone: 216-368-3827
Fax: 216-368-0207
Denise is the Director of the CCI Statistical Sciences Core and Co-Director of the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Core [1] of the Cleveland CTSC. Denise received her PhD in Statistics from the University of Waterloo (Waterloo, Canada) in 2005. Since then, she has been a biostatistician who has collaborated with clinical investigators in the Cleveland area in a wide variety of medical specialties.
Research Interests
Prediction modeling; latent growth curve modeling; survival analysis; longitudinal data analysis.
Selected Publications
- Lawless JF and Babineau D. Models for interval censoring and simulation based inference for lifetime distributions. Biometrika. 2006 September; 93(3):671-686.


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Linocut outfit II
1985 {Rubbings from familiar places collection}
- Medium
- cotton, silk, acetate
- Measurements
- (a) 120.0 cm (centre back) 42.5 cm (sleeve length) (coat)
(b) 113.5 cm (centre back) 33.0 cm (waist, flat) (dress)
- Place/s of Execution
- Sydney, New South Wales
- Inscription
- (a) label, centre back neckline, printed in ink on white polyester: Katie / Pye
- Accession Number
- 2006.454.a-b
- Department
- Australian Fashion and Textiles
- Credit Line
- National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
Gift of the artist, 2006
- Gallery location
- Not on display
- Physical description
- Outfit comprising long sleeved, loose fitting coat and ankle length halterneck dress in linocut hand-printed fabrics. The coat is pale green/brown/gold/dark blue printed silk organza and features two flat pockets adjacent to each side seam. At rear bodice there is a large decorative bow in printed organza attached to two additional panels. The full length, halterneck dress in pink/rust orange/blue is over-dyed with pink/purple/gold linocut hand prints. The dress features moss green piping at the front neckline which continues around the back. There is a V-shaped panel hemline with pleated inset panel and large decorative bow at lower CB. The dress fastens with a long zip at rear.


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Sources Say Braxton Miller Re-Injures Shoulder
Sources tell 10TV that the Ohio State University's starting quarterback Braxton Miller re-injured his throwing shoulder during practice Monday.
This is the same shoulder he had surgery on following the end of last season. Sources tell 10TV the extent of the injury won't be known for a few days, but Tim May of the Columbus Dispatch is reporting the injury puts his playing status with the team in jeopardy for the rest of the year.
Before practice Monday, Miller, a senior, spoke with the media and said he was still recovering from the initial surgery, but was confident he would be fine for the season. He did mention having a little soreness, but besides that, he was ready to go.
If Miller is out, this means the starting job goes to back-up quarterback J.T. Barrett. Barrett is a red shirt freshman out of Texas.
Over the weekend, Coach Urban Meyer said Barrett had passed Cardale Jones to take over the number two spot.
Quarterback coach Tom Herman also said the offense moves better with Barrett at quarterback.
10TV reached out to the University for comment, but so far they've declined.
The Buckeyes open the season on August 30th when they travel to Baltimore to take on Navy.
Stay with 10TV and refresh 10TV.com for updates on this story.


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Quick quesadillas
Quick quesadillas
You won't believe how fast you can whip up this tasty Mexican-inspired dish. Full of gutsy flavours that won't scare the kids, these quesadillas are a must-try for a lovely lunch.
- 1/2 tsp butter
- 1 tsp vegetable oil
- 1/2 tsp extra butter
- 1/2 red onion, finely chopped
- 1/4 red, 1/2 green and 1/4 yellow capsicum, finely chopped
- 1/4 tsp cumin
- 1/4 tsp nutmeg
- 100gm pork mince
- 2 tbsp barbecue sauce
- 2 wholegrain tortilla wraps
- 2 rounds of mini Babybel cheese
Spread 1/4 tsp butter on one side of a tortilla and set aside. Repeat with second tortilla.
Put frypan onto medium-low heat, add oil and the extra butter.
Once butter has melted, add the onion and capsicum and sauté for about 3 minutes.
Add cumin, nutmeg and pork mince and cook for another 3 minutes until pork is cooked through and all ingredients are well combined.
Remove from heat and transfer mixture to a bowl. Stir through barbecue sauce and set aside.
Wipe the frypan clean with a paper towel and return to stove over medium-low heat.
Place tortilla in pan, buttered side down.
Slice Babybel round into three even slices and place across one half of the tortilla.
Spoon half of the pork mixture on top of the cheese slices.
Gently lift the edge of the tortilla to check colour. When tortilla is golden brown underneath, fold in half over the pork mixture. Press lightly with a spatula to seal.
Remove from heat and cut in half.
Repeat with remaining tortilla and ingredients. Serve warm.
- Full of flavour and tasty Babybel cheese, these yummy quesadillas will fast become a favourite at your dinner table.
- If your family enjoy a bit of heat, you could also add a sprinkle of dried chilli to the mix!
- This recipe was created for Kidspot, Australia's best recipe finder.
Find more recipes:
- After school snacks: Banana biscuits
- After school snacks: Cheese and bacon rolls
- After school snacks: Apple and zucchini muffins
- Kids food: Quick quiche
- Kids food: Chicken bake
- Kids food: Homemade rice puff bars
- Kids food: Healthy vegetables and chicken sausage rolls
- Kids food: Homemade chicken nuggets
- Kids food: Popcorn chicken
- Lunch box: Vietnamese rice paper rolls


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Thanks to GC alum Wes Hunt (pictured with undergraduates Destiny Cornell, Bruno Baumer, Seaton Stiles, Megan Landry, and Tyler Daniel), Louisville, for his April guest lecture to Dr. McKenzie's Industrial/Organizational Psychology course. He discussed his undergraduate work at GC, where he double majored in Psychology and Economics; his graduate school experiences at EKU, where he earned his master's degree in I/O psychology after completing a master's thesis on organizational citizenship behavior and aggression; and his current work experiences as a specialist with Mercer.
Wes Hunt visits I/O class
By email@example.com|2012-05-09T18:07:04+00:00May 9th, 2012|Classroom News|Comments Off on Wes Hunt visits I/O class


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Cleanse, condition and nourish the hair and skin with the Crabtree & Evelyn hair and body wash. Infused with the woody, spicy scent of Indian sandalwood with added aromas of cypress, bergamot and lavender, this lavish wash is perfect for the bath or shower.
Also containing glycerine for added moisture and longer lasting hydration, this was works into a smooth lather and leaves the hair and skin lightly scented with a irresistible masculine scent. K.D.


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Middle School's Portrait Of Jesus Sparks Protest
A dispute over church-state separation has surfaced over a Jesus portrait that hangs in the hall at a southern Ohio public middle school.
The image was presented to Jackson Middle School by a group of students in 1947 and has been hanging on the "Hall of Honor" since then.
The picture of Jesus is joined by nearly 50 others of distinguished alumni and other people who have made a difference in the Jackson City School District.
The Madison, Wis.-based Freedom from Religion Foundation warned the district in a Jan. 2 letter that displaying the image in a public school is unconstitutional.
The group said the portrait represents the school's endorsement of a particular religion, potentially alienating non-Christian students.
District Superintendent Phil Howard said that he would not remove it without a school board or judge's order.
A number of parents said that they did not want to see the portrait removed, either.
"I would see that picture every day," said parent Erika Keaton. "It meant hope to me."
She and reportedly hundreds of others are gathering together to try to save the portrait at the school.
The Freedom from Religion Foundation said that the school is publicly endorsing Christianity over other faiths.
The group urged the school to take the "necessary steps" to come "into compliance with the Constitution" and take it down.
"For anyone to insinuate that this picture would cause someone to be excluded is really a reach," Howard said. "It's not something we're trying to force on any of our students."
Howard said that he argues the portrait was a gift from student and should therefore be allowable.
"I'm going on about our normal daily activities, trying to educate students the best we can, and we'll see what happens from here," Howard said.
Watch 10TV News and refresh 10TV.com for more information.


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Today, we get to know our hero: Diggs Nightcrawler, a bookworm private detective from Library City. Diggs is stoic, a dyed-in-the-wool character whose external cool is challenged mere moments after the player opens their Wonderbook and arrives in his office.
Wonderbook: Diggs Nightcrawler hits shelves this Holiday!
The team at Moonbot Studios are a highly creative team and master story tellers. Little Bo Peep, the Itsy Bitsy Spider and Three Little Pigs together in a film noir mystery? Definitely not your run of the mill game. We're pleased to lift the curtain on the development of Diggs Nightcrawler in this first video diary.
Would you be willing to answer a few brief questions about PlayStation.Blog?


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Mortgage delinquency numbers have fallen around Australia, in sharp contrast to the 2012 March quarter, thanks to lower interest rates and steady employment levels.
The latest Australian Mortgage Delinquencies report from Fitch Ratings shows the September 2012 national mortgage delinquency rate fell from 1.6 per cent in March to 1.2 per cent after interest rate cuts in March and June. The five-year average is 1.56 per cent.
Structured finance director at Fitch Ratings, James Zanesi, said most of the worst-performing regions were in Queensland, which had Australia's worst 30-day-plus delinquency rate, at 1.41 per cent. This rate was down from 1.86 per cent in March last year.
More than half the worst-performing postcodes were in NSW, concentrated around Sydney's south-west and western suburbs. Six were in Queensland, the worst of which were on the Gold Coast. Tourist destinations such as Nelson Bay and Surfers Paradise also featured among the worst-performing postcodes.
The Fitch report noted Nelson Bay has been the worst-performing postcode in Australia since their reports began in 2007, because of the stagnant local housing market.
ANZ senior economist Paul Braddock said the Gold Coast and other areas frequented by tourists were still being hurt by the high Australian dollar, which was discouraging local and international tourists.
He said the Gold Coast had struggled to digest new stock at the high end of the apartment market.
The overall improvement in delinquency rates also reflected relatively stable employment levels, which analysts had expected to worsen.
Mr Braddock said that property owners were no longer enjoying the capital gains of 2010, the pressure to save had increased and consumer sentiment had also reduced spending.
"There are two main pressures on mortgages: interest rates and unemployment," he said.
"The significant cuts to rates has removed a lot of pressure."
Despite the RBA on Tuesday holding interest rates steady, ANZ predicted further interest rate cuts, and therefore less mortgage stress, throughout this year.
Fitch Ratings expected mortgage pressure to ease in the first quarter of this year after the subsequent rate cuts towards the end of 2012.
"It generally takes about three or four months to see the impact of interest rate cuts on mortgage performance," Mr Zanesi said.
Compared to the US and Britain, Mr Zanesi said mortgage performance was much stronger and Australia had avoided the delinquency levels found in the more troubled economies.
This story first appeared on The Australian Financial Review.


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JOSH Duhamel has a bone to pick with his Safe Haven co-star Julianne Hough.
The Hollywood hottie stumbled across an article where Hough apparently described how Duhamel cried with her as the pair lay naked in bed together.
"What was that about?" Duhamel asks the bubbly blonde sitting beside him.
"I have never said that!" counters Hough.
"I think you were kidding about the naked bit," Duhamel continues, stern of face. "But that's not even what I minded ... It just made me sound so vulnerable, like I was there curled up in the foetal position, naked and crying with you.
"That's not the image I'm trying to put out there!"
Duhamel is laughing as he says this, but he's not 100 per cent joking. The idea of starring in a film based on a Nicholas Sparks story - the guy who wrote weepies The Notebook and Dear John - didn't immediately appeal to the 40-year-old.
Though he's done his fair share of rom-coms and says he keeps his four-year marriage to Black Eyed Peas pop singer Fergie fresh with small, day-to-day romantic gestures, Duhamel has no desire to be the knight in shining armour - on screen or off.
Alex, the single father and small-town store-owner who takes the troubled Katie (Hough) under his wing in Safe Haven, was just too squeaky clean a character.
"When I first read Safe Haven, I passed on it because he was too perfect," Duhamel admits.
"Then it came back around about a year later when Lasse (Hallstrom, director) was attached and the script was a little more dynamic, I guess. "But it was something, from the very beginning, I talked to them about - the need to mess this guy up. He's too good, he never does anything wrong. I definitely am reluctant when it comes to playing that.
"We did our best to flaw him, make him a guy who's still working on it, who is learning as he goes with raising these kids.
"So yes, there's definitely a reluctance to play a knight in shining armour."
Duhamel did his best to "take the more indirect route" with the character and the movie, which follows Katie as she flees a mysterious trauma and an obsessed cop in Boston and winds up on the coast of North Carolina ... and in the arms of Alex.
Duhamel didn't want to play it like (he adopts a soothing, silver-screen Romeo voice): "Don't worry, I'm there for you." He wanted to "mess Alex up".
But Alex remains a lot of good-guy to live up to. When Hit spoke to Duhamel, his wife had yet to see Safe Haven. He joked he would wear "rib pads" when Fergie did finally see it, lest she elbow him in the ribs and ask, "Why can't you be more like that guy?"
But would Fergie really want an Alex? "No. No. No. No," says Duhamel.
The former model says he and Fergie are happier together now than they were when they met nine years ago; but that hasn't been achieved without struggle. Not long after they were married, a stripper went public with claims she had slept with Duhamel.
The couple got through it, Duhamel says, thanks to Fergie's positive attitude and "lots of therapy".
"The whole thing just became a positive for us," the singer told Oprah last year. "Our marriage today - I couldn't ask for anything more."
Though he didn't specifically set out to be an actor - "It was always in the back of my mind that I'd love to" - Duhamel always had an urge to bust out of his home town of Minot, North Dakota.
"I wanted to get out and see the world," Duhamel says. "I'd spent all my life there, I went to high school and college there. So I needed to get out and go west."
In California, he was spotted by a modelling scout. Modelling eventually led to acting and a three-year stint in New York on the soap opera All My Children.
"That town almost swallowed me up," says Duhamel of his time in the Big Apple.
Back in the more Duhamel-friendly LA, he landed the TV drama Las Vegas which, over six seasons, built his profile to the point he could lead movie rom-coms (When in Rome, Life as We Know It) and star in three Transformers blockbusters.
But none of this is enough, yet, for Duhamel.
"I'm very hard on myself, I'm very critical - to a fault most of the time. I'm learning how to be less hard on myself and trust myself more. And in doing that, it's been helping me grow as an actor. Because the more you trust yourself, the more willing you are to take risks."
In the past, he's talked about having to prove he's more than just a pretty face; apparently the proving never stops.
"Since I started this I've always felt like I've been trying to prove that I'm not in the category they're putting me in.
"I love it - I've always said I'd much rather sneak up on somebody than have 'em expect too much from me.
"I don't mind the slow trajectory, the grinding, in my career. I'd much rather it be a long and difficult journey than 'Pooooof!'
"You're constantly being rejected in this town and you don't escape this business without being humbled, many times. Often times people only see the red carpet at the premieres, but with that little victory there's been many losses.
"But, yeah, I like it when people don't expect much from me."
He says he gets that reaction - the kind of, "Oh, I didn't know you had that in you" - a bit. He worries that Safe Haven might be too much of the same. "I ran the risk on this one of being, 'Oh, he's done that before'. And that might be true ... "
"I actually don't think that's the case at all," interjects Hough.
"Well I don't feel like it is either," Duhamel continues, "because everything is different.
"Safe Haven was a real challenge because, even though he was a guy who, on the outside just seems the knight in shining armour, my goal was to try to buck that and make him as complex as I could."
It is this behind-the-scenes work that Duhamel believes people miss.
"A lot of times you'll see some kids, they shoot to superstardom and then they fizzle because they don't understand, they don't truly appreciate it ... It's a real grind, you know."
It helps to have someone at home who gets it.
"My wife would say the same thing," Duhamel nods. "She's had a long road. She started when she was much younger than me.
"She gets it and she's supportive ... and I'm sure she can't wait to see me make out with Julianne Hough!"
SEE Safe Haven opens Thursday 14 February.
Originally published as Duhamel more than just a pretty face


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2002 Honda Civic
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2002 Honda Civic Specifications, Standard and Optional Equipment
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text:
In a commercial for Audi directed by Michael Bay (Pearl Harbor) Dustin Hoffman is dashing to the United Methodist Church again, just like in 1967's "The Graduate".
This time he stops his daughter's wedding. This is only the second commercial the Hoffman has appeared in, and the advert will air only in Europe.
In the final scenes of The Graduate, Hoffman's character, Benjamin Braddock, pulls Katharine Ross' character, Elaine Robinson, from the church as she's getting married. They fight off parents and guests before riding away in a bus.
In the Audi commercial however, Hoffman again rescues the bride but, this time he returns to a 2005 Audi.


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Women's Basketball: Raiders suffocate Penguins, clinch No.2 seed in HL Tournament
March 5, 2014
Filed under Sports, Women's Basketball
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Minutes before boarding the team bus, Raiders guard Kim Demmings took a moment to quote the legendary singer Frank Sinatra.
"There's always room for improvement, so there's always room to get better. The best, probably, is yet to come," Demmings said.
Needing a win to lock up the No.2 seed in the Horizon League Tournament, the Raiders produced one of their best games of the season, stifling Youngstown State with constant ball pressure, forcing 19 turnovers and using a dominant first half to blow out the Penguins 85-70 Wednesday night.
Demmings co-led WSU with 22 points, adding eight rebounds and six steals. Tay'ler Mingo added 22 points of her own and six assists. Ivory James and Tay'ler Stanton scored 16 and 10, respectively.
The Raiders raced out to a 17-point lead with just over six minutes before halftime and carried a 44-25 lead into the break. WSU turned 13 Penguins turnovers into 15 points and shot 50 percent from the floor.
"I thought we were really engaged, we played really hard and we turned them over a couple of times, which we always need to do. That kind of separated [the score] a little bit," Raiders head coach Mike Bradbury said. "We shot [the ball] extremely well. They (YSU) missed some open shots and they didn't play their best game."
WSU did not relent in the second half and maintained a lead of 16 points or more until the 5:59-mark, despite YSU making up for a dismal shooting effort in the first half and hit 17-of-35 shots down the stretch.
"We knew they were going to shoot the ball better in the second half, so to answer them…we just wanted to keep pushing the ball and getting quick shots right back at them, hopefully tiring them out," Mingo said. "We were able to run our offense and keep our lead."
Forward Heidi Schlegel led the Penguins with 24 points, 15 rebounds and five assists.
The Raiders received added scoring help from Courtney Boyd in the first half. Boyd notched eight points in 16 minutes in relief of KC Elkins, who was saddled with two early fouls.
"She (Boyd) was really good in the first half and we needed her," Bradbury said. "KC was in foul trouble. We lean on KC. We play her a lot of minutes because she kind of keeps us together out there. Courtney Boyd was really good on both ends."
WSU (22-8, 11-4) will finish out the regular season at home on Saturday against Valparaiso at 2 p.m. For the Raiders to earn the top seed in the Horizon League Tournament, WSU will need to defeat Valpo and have Green Bay falter at home tomorrow night against Oakland and Saturday against Detroit.
The Phoenix own the tiebreaker over the Raiders after completing the sweep of WSU on Feb. 27.


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- COST: Free - APP STORE STARS: 5
- Categories: Arcade, Entertainment, Games, iPad, Native, Puzzle
- All new iPad exclusive levels
- 4 books of magic to unlock and study
- 16 mysterious cards to collect
- Gripping storyline presented in beautiful animation
- 64 captivating levels with 20 challenging bonus tasks
- Stunning visual effects and fantastic bonuses
- Enabled Game Center
An clever fairy will assist you in this exciting journey as you encounter dragons, knights, and magic creatures. This unique game blends the traditional game play you know and love, and even adds in many twists, bonuses, and visual effects. What is most enjoyable about 4 Elements HD (Full) is the fascinating storyline played out in animation. Enjoy some down time with an intricately flawless game!
COOL CONCLUSION: "Enjoy an awesome story line, fantastic graphics and puzzles galore in 4 Elements HD."--Date/Version: Updated 8/19/11 - Version 1.0.6
--iOS/Age Rating: This app requires iOS 3.2 or later. Rated 4+.
--Device: iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad
--Developer Link: Playrix LLC
Visit the iTunes App Store for more details, and to download: