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Two years ago, a grinning David Beckham descended the stairs from his plane at Los Angeles airport, holding his wife Victoria's hand. Fans and photographers screamed, in a scene reminiscent of a Hollywood premiere.
The former England captain had plenty to smile about. He arrived having signed a five-year deal with LA Galaxy worth £128m, while off the pitch he and Victoria seemed destined to become A-list celebrities with the aid of their close friend Tom Cruise.
On Sunday night – early yesterday in Britain – the Beckhams' American dream turned sour. Victoria watched helplessly as her husband played a home match for LA Galaxy to a chorus of boos and jeers from his own (supposed) fans. Sitting beside her, Tom Cruise looked equally dismayed.
The American club's opponents were AC Milan, the club from which Beckham had just returned from a five-month loan which some fans had considered a betrayal.
Disillusioned spectators sang obscene chants throughout the game and held aloft signs reading "Go Home Fraud" and "23: Repent", a reference to Beckham's shirt number. Another read: "Hey Becks: Here Before You, Here After You, Here Despite You".
As he walked off the pitch at half-time, the 34-year-old had clearly had enough. His next move wasn't an Eric Cantona-style response to crowd banter but Beckham did approach a crowd barrier and began to remonstrate with a section of the paying public who had already vented their fury in no uncertain terms.
As Beckham attempted to climb over the barrier, an angry fan leapt out of his seat and rushed towards him. Both were restrained by security staff.
After half-time, Beckham aggravated the home supporters further by waiting until all of the players had returned to the pitch before jogging on. He then hugged several of his former AC Milan teammates and gestured towards the rowdiest section of the crowd, where security staff were posted for the remainder of the game.
During the friendly, played in front of a sell-out crowd of 27,000, chants of "We don't need no David Beckham" to the tune of Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall" could be heard.
After setting up an LA Galaxy goal, the midfielder responded by turning in the direction of the "LA Riot Squad" – the club's most hardcore supporters – and shrugging his shoulders. He was substituted in the 75th minute, with the match eventually ending 2-2.
Beckham insisted after the game that he had not been trying to aggravate the fans and had merely been trying to shake one by the hand.
"One of the guys was saying things that wasn't very nice," he said. "It was stepping over the line. I said 'You need to calm down and come shake my hand', and he jumped over."
An LA Galaxy fan, Eric Lewis, disagreed: "He called the guy out. How stupid is that? He's the player, he's the professional. He should have kept himself under control and he didn't. He says he's full of class and he's been playing with all the best teams in the world. That showed absolutely no class."
Earlier this year, Beckham enraged LA Galaxy supporters by saying he wanted to stay in Milan rather than return to the US, as the standard of play was far superior in Italy. The AC Milan manager, Leonardo, has hinted he may play for the club again next season. Last week, Beckham said: "The England manager has made it very clear to me that I need to be playing at European level."
LA Galaxy fans were further infuriated by the midfielder's decision to miss the first five games of the Major League Soccer season, in favour of a taking a holiday with his wife in France and the Seychelles. The fans saw his decision as a sign he lacked commitment. Beckham said he needed a rest after his spell with Milan.
- More about:
- AC Milan
- David Beckham
- Milan
- Serious Fraud Office


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Robert Foster: Five Star 6'2 190-Pounds from Monaca (PA) Central Valley High School:
Foster informed Scout.com (Bob Lichtenfels)that six schools are recruiting him very hard.
"Right now, I would say Pittsburgh, Rutgers, Ohio State, Florida, Oregon and Clemson are on me the hardest. I don't really have plans for anymore trips right now."
Scout.com Breakdown:
He is one of the most explosive players in the country. He is literally a threat to score any time he touches the ball. He has game changing speed and the ability to change gears on the fly. He is elusive in the open field and is a very dangerous return man. Big time vertical threat who can go up and get the ball. Possesses outstanding ball skills and seems to come up big when he needs to. Still raw and learning with every rep. Bob Lichtenfels.
Stacy Coley: Four Star 6'1 175-Pounds from Oakland Parke (FL) Northeast High School:
Coley informed Scout.com (Amy Campbell) the Gators are still his number one team.
"It's still my favorite school, I'd like to go up there again, I'm actually going to go up there for spring, they told me I could come up for spring. It's great, they're still my number one team."
Ahmad Fulwood: Four Star 6'4 200-Pounds from Jacksonville (FL) Bishop Kenny High School:
Fulwood had plenty to say to Scout.com (Andrew Bone) about his most recent trip to Alabama.
The visit was sweet," said Ahmad Fulwood. "It was a pretty fun weekend. It was my first trip up there. The facilities are ridiculous. I spent a lot of time with Demarcus Walker and my teammate John Wolford. The facilities are amazing. People say Alabama sells itself, and it really does. You see how amazing the facilities are when you get on campus. The stadium is amazing even without the 102,000 fans screaming."
Fulwood will visit the University of Florida in the coming weeks with close friend and current verbal commitment Nick Washington.
Demarcus Robinson: Four Star 6'2 196-Pounds Fort Valley (GA) Peach County High School:
Robinson openly states that Florida is one of his top teams. He has always liked the Gators and they will be in this one until the end. Robinson also has interest in Alabama, Auburn and Georgia and this one is shaping up as a true battle among Southeastern Conference powers.
Rodney Adams: 6'1 173-Pounds from Saint Petersburg (FL) Lakewood High School:
Adams recently announced his intentions to join the Gator nation as he verbally committed at the Gators most recent Junior day.
Carlos Burse: 6'3 204-Pounds from Alpharetta (GA) Alpharetta High School:
Burse has verbal offers from North Carolina State, Florida, Tennessee and picked up his most recent offer this week from the Oklahoma Sooners. Burse has the Gators at the top early in the recruiting process.
Uriah LeMay: 6'1 188-Pounds from Matthews (NC) David W. Butler High School:
Scout.com Breakdown:
LeMay is a tough wide receiver that can make catches on the outside or going across the middle. He has shown the ability to make catches in traffic, make adjustments on the ball, and to use his body to his advantage. He is a physical receiver that can still improve his quickness off the ball and his ability to get separation down the field. His hands are his biggest strength and he really understands the position. - Chad Simmons.
LeMay is the younger brother of University of Georgia Quarterback Christian LeMay.
Tony Stevens: 6'3 180-Pounds from Orlando (FL) Evans High School:
Stevens is one of the hottest prospects in the Southeast at this time with offers from Alabama, Florida, Florida State and Georgia. He recently visited Gainesville and the Gators and will visit Tallahassee this weekend with the Seminoles.
Richard Benjamin: 6'1 180-Pounds from Tampa (FL) Middleton High School:
Benjamin has plenty of offers to date but the teams to keep a close eye on are USC, Miami, Florida, Florida State, South Florida and Vanderbilt.
Reggie Davis: 5'11 180-Pounds from Tallahassee (FL) Lincoln High School:
Florida, Notre Dame, South Florida and Ohio State are a few teams to keep an eye on with Davis. He has two teammates, a 2012 Florida Gator Raph Andrades and 2013 committed linebacker James Hearns that more than likely will factor into the decision making process moving forward.
Travis Johnson: 6'4 200-Pounds from Tampa (FL) Jesuit High School:
One of the least talked about wide receivers not only in the Sunshine state but entire Southeast has verbal offers from Arkansas, Florida, Miami, Oklahoma, Pittsburgh and South Florida.
Marquez North: 6'3 210-Pounds from Charlotte (NC) Mallard Creek High School:
North will be one of the most heavily recruited players in the Southeast as he finished off a tremendous junior season. Had over 1,000 yards receiving on 39 receptions and he caught 19 touchdown passes. He also had 400 yards rushing and 5 rushing touchdowns. North was teammates with current Gator offensive tackle D.J. Humphries and he will clearly working the dynamic playmaker.
Taj Williams: 6'3 195-Pounds from Tallahassee (FL) Lincoln High School:
Williams has early verbal offers from Alabama, Florida, Florida State, Georgia, Louisville, South Florida and UCF to name a few. Williams is teammates with wide out Reggie Davis could they both end up in Gainesville with James Hearns?
Tramel Terry: Four Star 5'11 180-pounds from Goose Creek (SC) Goose Creek High School:
I like Terry with the ball in his hands from the wide receiver position and running back position at the next level. Terry has immediate family within 60 minutes of Gainesville and this one could get interesting for the one time Georgia Bulldog verbal commitment.
Terry is an athlete. He can do so many good things on the football field. He may have the most upside at corner, but he is most comfortable on the offensive side of the ball. He could be used as a wide receiver or running back on offense. He is a natural on the football field. His size could limit him at receiver, but be a strength at corner. His ball skills and ability to change direction quickly is big on either side of the ball. - Chad Simmons
Two five star wide receivers are already off the board with Derrick Griffin heading to Texas A&M and Ricky Seals-Jones heading to Texas. Both players are over 6'4 and 210-pounds. In addition two of the top four star wide receivers are also off the board with Jamar Gibson heading to Texas A&M and Jake Oliver heading to Texas.
Earnest Robinson: 6'3 196-Pounds from Pinson (AL) Pinson Valley High School:
Robinson has offers from Alabama, Arkansas and Auburn to name a few could the Gators be next?
Alvin Bailey: 5'11 175-Pounds from Seffner (FL) Armwood High School:
Scout.com Breakdown:
Talented wide receiver prospect who finished his junior season with 836 yards passing and 10 touchdowns. He also ran for 833 yards and six scores. And finally, he caught 22 balls for 376 yards and two touchdowns. His Armwood team won the state title. Sophomore stats: 34 catches for 604 yards (17.77) with 6 touchdowns. Also scored on a 75-yard kick-off return.
Bailey could be one to watch moving forward depending on what happens with a few of the wide receivers on the board. I like his game breaking ability.

subset: commoncrawl


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Squabbling guests, shouting photogs, fed up ushers— this was the scene minutes before Katrina Kaif walked out on the ramp, interestingly in the middle of the show and not as the show-stopper, on day 4 of the ongoing PCJ Delhi Couture Week. And spellbinding silence is what followed.
Clad in an exquisite gold lehnga with a pink border designed by Bollywood's favourite Manish Malhotra, the actor's stunning persona made guests forget that they were clamouring for a seat a little while back. The show that started over an hour and a half late was seemingly packed to thrice the capacity.
Many chose to stand near the front row when they couldn't be accomodated on their allotted seats. The photogs nearly came to blows trying to secure the best angle. With close friend Karan Johar cheering from the front row, the collection, many agreed, was Manish Malhotra's career best so far.


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City Students exists to see a generation of young people grow together in faith and service as they develop their identity in Christ.
We are so excited to partner with you to see the Kingdom of God released in the lives of your middle and high school students!
Our goal in CityStudents is to see your teenagers encounter Jesus and grow in faith. We do this by having monthly gatherings with all four campuses of our church, weekly community groups, and encouraging our students to be involved in the the church through servant teams. CityStudents is a time to laugh, to grow, and find our identity in Christ.
We gather every FIRST FRIDAY night of the month @ 7pm [61 Amity Rd., New Haven, CT]
Damian has been attending City Church since October 2014. His passion is to see middle and high school students find their identity and purpose in the Gospel. It's his prayer to see students light a fire of revival in New England. Damian is recently married to Heather and they live in Hamden with their hamster and two frogs.


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film 12 Gangster Movie Homages On The Sopranos Most People Totally Missed
List Rules Vote up the references you totally missed, but now won't be able to unsee.
Unless you've been living under a rock (or up in Alaska with Viggo Mortensen), there's a good chance you know The Sopranos is widely considered to be one of the best, if not the best, television shows of all time. Along with The Wire, it helped usher in the second Golden Age of Television. With all the hype around the show and gripping drama in the show, you may have missed all the fantastic mob movie references on The Sopranos.
Given the relatively straight-faced nature of The Sopranos, chances are you don't watch the show with a mind to referential moments. Tarantino it ain't. Yet gangster movie references on The Sopranos abound, many of them offering sneaky homage to the beloved gangster films that inspired creator David Chase. Gangster movies and The Sopranos have a reciprocal relationship; much as the classics influenced the show, the show has influenced a new generation of filmmakers (and show runners, obviously).
Vote up The Sopranos references to gangster films that make you want to leave the gun and take the cannoli, and include anything you feel was unjustly left out in the comments section below.
Paulie's Horn Plays The Godfather Theme Song
In the first season of The Sopranos, Paulie Gualtieri honks his car horn to get Salvatore 'Big P*ssy' Bonpensiero's attention. Fans of The Godfather trilogy may have recognized the sound Paulie's horn made as the theme song of the series, "Speak Softly, Love." The score of the first film was nominated for an Academy Award, but later disqualified because a comedic version of the song had been used in a previous film. The score for the second film was nominated for, and won, the Oscar for Best Score, despite containing the same piece.see more on Paulie Gualtieri
Tony's Orange Juice And All Those Oranges In The Godfather
Before a nearly deadly attempt on Tony's life in Season 1 Episode 12 of The Sopranos, he goes to a street market and buys a bottle of Tropicana orange juice. This is an updated reference to the orange motif in The Godfather trilogy. Oranges are prevalent throughout the trilogy, and always portend violence, doom, or danger. Remember when Vito Corleone is assassinated holding a basket of oranges? Or when we first meet Sal, who betrays Michael, holding an orange? That's just the tip of the iceberg.
The Shoe Is On The Other Foot For Michael Imperioli, Of Both The Sopranos And Goodfellas
In Goodfellas, Michael Imperioli plays Spider, a server who accidentally ignores, then later talks back to Tommy DeVito (Joe Pesci) and gets shot on two separate occasions for it. Before shooting, Tommy asks, "What, do you got me on a f*ckin' pay-no-mind list, kid?"
In Season 1 Episode 8 of The Sopranos, Imperioli (Christopher Moltisanti) is on the other end of the gun, shooting a bakery clerk in the foot for skipping his number in line. Before Christopher pulls the trigger, he asks, "What is it? What is it, do I look like a p*ssy to you?"
The Show Shares Actors With Many Of Its Influences
The Sopranos paid respect to its roots in gangster movies by casting many of the same actors as the films that inspired the show's creative minds. From Lorraine Bracco to Michael Imperioli and Frank Albanese, the show boasts a total of nine actors who were also in Goodfellas. Many actors from The Godfather trilogy also appeared on the show. While crossover of some actors is to be expected, considering the subject matter and supply of Italian-American actors in Hollywood, this was surely no accident.
Strokes Prevent Assassinations In The Sopranos And The Godfather Part III
In The Sopranos and The Godfather, Part II, a murder attempt is thwarted by a stroke. In The Sopranos, Tony plans to pay Livia back for an attempt on his life, but her stroke makes this impossible. In The Godfather, Part II, Hyman Roth is able to live a bit longer thanks to his stroke. The most interesting bit? Hyman Roth's right-hand-man, Johnny Ola, was played by the same actor who would later play Livia's co-conspirator in the attempt on Tony's Life, Dominic Chianese, known to Sopranos fans as Uncle Junior.
All Those Tasty Pacino Quotes From Silvio
In the second episode of the show, Silvio Dante (Steven Van Zandt) repeats one of Al Pacino's most memorable lines in The Godfather Part III while admiring himself in a mirror: "Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in."
Silvo recites some of Pacino's other lines from the trilogy, including conversations between Pacino and Diane Keaton's characters: "This one time I'll let you ask me about my affairs." The conflict between boss and wife in The Godfather exists throughout The Sopranos as well, as Carmella constantly wanting to ask Tony about his affairs.
Silvo's recitation of these lines, and quoting of gangster films in general throughout The Sopranos, is the show's way of exploring not only its own roots, but the way in which the romanticized media image of mafiosos affects actually mafiosos, making them filtered, meta version of themselves.
A Little Line Taken Straight From Little Caeser
Both Paulie and Uncle Junior say, "Mother of mercy, could this be the end of Rico?" This line is taken straight from old Hollywood gangster classic Little Caesar (1931). The movie was one of the first gangster films ever made, and starred Edward G. Robison, who is referenced in the pilot of The Sopranos (his photo appears on the wall of a butcher's shop).
Meadow's Coach Gets An Offer He Can't Refuse
When Don Hauser, Meadow's high school soccer coach, reveals in Episode 1 Season 9 that he took a job in Rhode Island, he defends his decision by saying, "What could I do? They made me an offer I couldn't refuse." This is a pointed reference to one of the most famous scenes in The Godfather, and, arguably, one of the most famous lines in film history. The offer might not have been the only reason Hauser took the job. His relationship with Tony and friends was strained, and culminated in Christopher stealing the Hauser family's Golden Retriever.


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Tri Tri Tri Again
Friday - February 2
- Health data: Sleep: 3 Stress: 3 Soreness: 3
Thursday - February 1
Wednesday - January 31
Tuesday - January 30
Monday - January 29
Sunday - January 28
Saturday - January 27
Spent the night in San Francisco. This morning we went to the Team-in-training kickoff for my wife. I'm watching the kids this season while she does her first TRI. Some of my former teammates started calling me Mr. Danette! Well, I'm proud to be Mr. Danette.
wieczynski's Training Log
Actual vs Planned
Upcoming races
- April's totals
- March's totals
- 2017 totals
- 2016 totals
Run: 17h 51m 02s - 68.84 Mi
Device Upload: 30m
Kayaking: 1h 09m
Run: 7h 49m 32s - 31.56 Mi
Run: 37h 38m 21s - 155.4 Mi
Strength: 2h 11m
Device Upload: 5h 18m
Kayaking: 1h 09m
Run: 224h 21m 39s - 1118.01 Mi
Strength: 21h 28m
Device Upload: 19m
Kayaking: 35m
Stretching: 10m
Walking: 11h 45m
Yoga: 2h 48m


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The Civil Rights Struggle Ch. 21, Sec 1, 2, 3
Civil Rights movement began with end of Civil War. – Accelerated after WWII. Several factors contributed to civil rights movement. – African American Migration-after Civil War, large movement from south to northern cities; alliances with political machines. – New Deal-Democrats went after black votes, blacks in prominent gov't positions. – World War II-Black workers gained political power due to need for labor; Holocaust opened eyes to discrimination. – Rise of the NAACP-challenged segregation laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, won small victories that began to snowball.
Brown v. Board of Education NAACP's biggest case. 1951-Oliver Brown sued Topeka, Kansas Board of Education to allow 8 year old daughter to attend nearby all-white school. – Bussed to distant all-black school. Through appeals process, case reached US Supreme Court. May 17, 1954- Supreme Court issued ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas case.
Oliver Brown
Unanimous decision-Court ruled that "separate but equal" unconstitutional, could not be applied to public education. – Separate was inherently unequal. – Local school boards must desegregate with all deliberate speed. Reactions to decision mixed. – Black citizens happy, white citizens either happy, okay if desegregation was peaceful, or very angry. – Ike privately disagreed, but swore to obey. – Southern whites very resistant. Georgia governor Herman Talmadge promised no segregation, KKK became more active. 90 southern congressmen signed Southern Manifesto, stating that Court ruling violated states' rights.
Montgomery Bus Boycott Southern buses segregated: white in front, black in back. – Expected to give up seats if white section full. Montgomery, Alabama, December 1955-Rosa Parks sat at front of black section. – White man got on, no seats, driver ordered Parks to get up; she refused, even when threatened with arrest. – Parks arrested, ordered to stand trial for violation of segregation laws.
Montgomery civil rights leaders organized Montgomery bus boycott. – No black citizens ride buses until company changes policy. – Rev. Martin Luther King became spokesman for boycott. Majority of black citizens in Montgomery boycotted buses. – Bus company lost money, refused to change policy until Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutional. Boycott encouraged civil rights leaders.
Little Rock, Arkansas 1957-Arkansas Governor Orvil Faubus decided he couldn't keep order he had to enforce integration. – Bringing together different races. Sent in Arkansas National Guard to Central High School in Little Rock to turn away 9 black students. – Challenge to Supreme Court & Constitution. Ike federalized (put under federal control)AR National Guard, sent in 101 st Airborne to enforce integration. – Showed USA that Ike would follow Court decision.
Gov. Orvil Faubus
Hispanics also suffered under segregation. – TX-Delgado v. Bastrop ISD-segregation of Hispanic kids in schools illegal. League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) led many cases to end segregation against Hispanics.
Civil Rights Leaders Civil Rights movement was grass-roots; no central organization coordinating. – Many people, organizations worked together in struggle. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – Led the way in Brown v. Board of Education. – Challenged laws preventing black citizens from exercising rights. – Pushed anti-lynching bills. – Challenged segregation laws. – Appealed to educated, middle & upper class blacks, liberal whites.
National Urban League. – Focused on economic issues. – Helped southern blacks moving into northern cities find homes, jobs, receive fair treatment at work. – Helped immigrant families as well. – Insisted that black factory workers have opportunity to learn skills that could lead to promotion.
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). – Interracial, like NAACP. – Focused on bringing about change through peaceful confrontation. – Demonstrated in WWII against segregation in Baltimore, Chicago, Denver, Detroit. All groups advocated nonviolence, as violence would hurt cause.
1957-Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leader began Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). – Shifted focus of resistance to southern states. Dr. King emerged in major leadership role. – Followed Gandhi's practice of nonviolent resistance. Do not resist, even if attacked. – King gained national reputation due to Montgomery Bus Boycott. – Involved in every major civil rights event, earned Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
College students played big role in movement. 1960-SCLC began Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Raleigh, NC. – Helped students get more involved in struggle. – Where older organizations wanted slow and steady change, SNCC pushed for more radical change faster. Well-suited to student youth and energy. – SNCC members more willing to take risks, face anger of white society.
Tensions escalate CORE & SNCC began campaign of sit-ins. – Occupy public place and force owners to serve or have disruption & loss of trade. – Sit-ins at lunch counters, restaurants, cafes. – Thousands involved all over South. – Often faced violence from patrons, owners, public; almost always arrested. – King told SNCC members that arrest was "badge of honor". – In 1960, 70,000 participated in sit-ins, 3,600 served time.
1960-Boynton v. Virginia desegregated bus station terminals & cafes. – Interstate buses already desegregated. 1961-CORE & SNCC tested new law with Freedom Rides. – Ride buses from north into south, eat & rest at desegregated terminals. – 13 black & white riders on two buses. In Alabama, armed mob met buses. – Slashed tires, burned buses. CORE begged SNCC Riders to quit, but they refused.
Riders were arrested repeatedly as they moved south. US was shocked at treatment of Riders. Gov't sent Federal Marshalls to accompany later Riders. Due to Riders, Interstate Commerce Commission desegregated all interstate transportation. – Buses, planes, trains. – Communities that did not comply sued in federal court.
"Ole Miss" 1961-James Meredith wanted to transfer from Jackson State college to all-white U. of Miss. – Application rejected, NAACP sued that he was denied based on race. – Supreme Court sided with Meredith. Miss. Governor Ross Barnett personally blocked door, said no way. – JFK sent Federal Marshalls to let him in. – White mob rioted, destroyed cop cars. 2 killed, hundreds hurt; JFK sent in troops to restore order. – Marshalls escorted Meredith for months to class.
Meredith was later shot on a civil rights march.
Birmingham April 1963, King and SCLC went to Birmingham, AL. – 40% black, "most segregated city in USA". SCLC planned boycotts, sit-ins, attempts to integrate local churches. – King said he planned to stay as long as it took. During protest marches, Police Commissioner Eugene "Bull" Connor arrested King, others. – In jail, King wrote "Letter from Birmingham Jail" – Said that action must happen, if we wait, then desegregation will never happen.
After a week, King released, continued protests with SNCC help. Bull Connor & police used high-pressure fire hoses & police attack dogs on protestors. – When protestors fell, police would beat them. – 900 arrested. Video & pictures of attacks shown across USA. – Caused many to join/support civil rights movement. Protestors won-city buildings desegregated, interracial committee set up to aid desegregation. – Proved that nonviolent resistance could work.
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Donald Trump said Hillary Clinton could trigger "World War Three" if she becomes President.
The Republic said his opponent's policy on the Syrian civil war risked drawing the US into conflict with nuclear-armed Russia.
Trump said defeating Islamic State is a higher priority than persuading Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to step down.
In a fiery new interview he also questioned how Clinton would negotiate with Russian President Vladimir Putin after demonizing him; blamed President Barack Obama for a downturn in U.S. relations with the Philippines under its new president, Rodrigo Duterte; bemoaned a lack of Republican unity behind his candidacy, and said he would easily win the election if the party leaders would support him.
"If we had party unity, we couldn't lose this election to Hillary Clinton," he said.
On Syria's civil war, Trump said Clinton could drag the United States into a world war with a more aggressive posture toward resolving the conflict.
Clinton has called for the establishment of a no-fly zone and "safe zones" on the ground to protect non-combatants.
Some analysts fear that protecting those zones could bring the United States into direct conflict with Russian fighter jets.
"What we should do is focus on ISIS. We should not be focusing on Syria," said Trump as he dined on fried eggs and sausage at his Trump National Doral golf resort.
"You're going to end up in World War Three over Syria if we listen to Hillary Clinton.
"You're not fighting Syria any more, you're fighting Syria, Russia and Iran, all right? Russia is a nuclear country, but a country where the nukes work as opposed to other countries that talk," he said.
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Clinton's campaign dismissed the criticism, noting that both Republican and Democratic national security experts have denounced Trump as unfit to be commander-in-chief.
"Once again, he is parroting Putin's talking points and playing to Americans' fears, all while refusing to lay out any plans of his own for defeating ISIS or alleviating humanitarian suffering in Syria," Clinton spokesman Jesse Lehrich said in a statement.
Trump said Assad is much stronger now than he was three years ago and said getting Assad to leave power was less important than defeating Islamic State.
"Assad is secondary, to me, to ISIS," he said.
On Russia, Trump again knocked Clinton's handling of U.S.-Russian relations while secretary of state and said her harsh criticism of Putin raised questions about "how she is going to go back and negotiate with this man who she has made to be so evil," if she wins the presidency.
On the deterioration of ties with the Philippines, Trump aimed his criticism at Obama, saying the president "wants to focus on his golf game" rather than engage with world leaders.
Since assuming office, Duterte has expressed open hostility toward the United States, rejecting criticism of his violent anti-drug clampdown, using an expletive to describe Obama and telling the United States not to treat his country "like a dog with a leash."
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Xylan oligosaccharides and cellobiohydrolase I (TrCel7A) interaction and effect on activity
- Martin J Baumann1, 2,
- Kim Borch2 and
- Peter Westh1Email author
© Baumann et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011
Received: 8 July 2011
Accepted: 31 October 2011
Published: 31 October 2011
The well-studied cellulase mixture secreted by Trichoderma reesei (anamorph to Hypocrea jecorina) contains two cellobiohydolases (CBHs), cellobiohydrolase I (TrCel7A) and cellobiohydrolase II (TrCeI6A), that are core enzymes for the solubilisation of cellulose. This has attracted significant research interest because of the role of the CBHs in the conversion of biomass to fermentable sugars. However, the CHBs are notoriously slow and susceptible to inhibition, which presents a challenge for the commercial utilisation of biomass. The xylans and xylan fragments that are also present in the biomass have been suggested repeatedly as one cause of the reduced activity of CHBs. Yet, the extent and mechanisms of this inhibition remain poorly elucidated. Therefore, we studied xylan oligosaccharides (XOSs) of variable lengths with respect to their binding and inhibition of both TrCel7A and an enzyme variant without the cellulose-binding domain (CBM).
We studied the binding of XOSs to TrCel7A by isothermal titration calorimetry. We found that XOSs bind to TrCel7A and that the affinity increases commensurate with XOS length. The CBM, on the other hand, did not affect the affinity significantly, which suggests that XOSs may bind to the active site. Activity assays of TrCel7A clearly demonstrated the negative effect of the presence of XOSs on the turnover number.
On the basis of these binding data and a comparison of XOS inhibition of the activity of the two enzyme variants towards, respectively, soluble and insoluble substrates, we propose a competitive mechanism for XOS inhibition of TrCel7A with phosphoric swollen cellulose as a substrate.
Keywordscellobiohydrolase 1 TrCel7A xylan xylan oligosaccharide binding inhibition biomass degradation isothermal titration calorimetry
Biomass is the most abundant raw material in the biosphere, and enzymatic biomass conversion of sugars and subsequent fermentation to transportation fuels has attracted enormous scientific and industrial interest [1]. In typical biomass raw materials such as corn stover or wheat straw, cellulose is not present in pure form but is in close contact with hemicelluloses such as xylan, mannan and xyloglucan and encrusted with lignin [2]. Many thermochemical pretreatments have been developed to disperse and dissolve the recalcitrant complex to make it more easily accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis [3].
Several phenomenological studies have documented a negative influence of xylans and xylan oligosaccharides (XOSs) on the performance of industrial cellulase mixtures [4–7]. However, which enzymes of the commercial cellulases are affected remains unresolved. Furthermore, target sites and mechanisms of these effects remain to be investigated. Such information will clearly be needed when considering remedies for xylan inhibition.
The term 'cellulase' most often refers to secreted cellulolytic enzymes of fungal origin. For instance, the cellulases secreted by Trichoderma reesei (anamorph to Hypocrea jecorina) contain several endoglucanases and two cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) which process exo-acting, cellobiose-releasing enzymes. The CBHs exhibit quite low reaction rates and non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics, which include an initial burst followed by a biphasic slowdown [8, 9]. Classical inhibition studies which result in an inhibition constant Ki are not applicable to cellobiohydrolases, because the concentration of the insoluble substrate cellulose is very difficult to measure and, as mentioned above, steady-state reaction kinetics are absent. In industrial batch hydrolysis of biomass CBHs can suffer from product inhibition, which is partially reduced through the cellobiase activity of added β-glucosidases [9, 10]. Traditionally, CBHs have been claimed to require free chain ends as starting points and free cellulose chain ends are in turn generated by endoglucanases, which hydrolyse the cellulose chain randomly in endo-fashion. However, this strict classification has been challenged by the demonstration of endo-attack by CBHs and processive action of endoglucanases [11].
Cellobiohydrolase I (TrCel7A) is the most abundant enzyme secreted by Trichoderma reesei. It is a modular 52 kDa enzyme with a catalytic domain (GH7) [12] and a family 1 cellulose binding domain (http://www.cazy.org/), which are interconnected by a highly glycosylated linker [13, 14]. The catalytic domain has a tunnel-shaped active site with ten subsites [14].
In this study, we investigated the apparent inhibition of TrCel7A by xylan products in a model system with XOSs, which are enzymatically derived from birch wood xylan. TrCel7A is used in two variants, the full-length enzyme (TrCel7A) and the catalytic domain only (TrCel7A core). The influence of the degree of polymerisation (DP) of XOS ligand binding was tested by performing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Activity measurements of TrCel7A were conducted with para-nitrophenyl-β-D-lacoside (pNP-lac) or phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) in the presence of XOS pools of different DPs.
Specific activities of TrCel7A and TrCel7A core at 50°C per hour
k cat
PASC (1 g/L)
TrCel7A core
PASC (1 g/L)
pNP-lac (0.5 mM)
TrCel7A core
pNP-lac (0.5 mM)
We used a second approach to measure TrCel7A activity in which we quantified the cellobiose release from PASC by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Typical Cel7A assays include cellobiase (for example, β-glucosidase) to avoid product inhibition, but many β-glucosidases show activity on nitrophenyl xyloside [17–19] and may also have activity on XOS, which might obfuscate the activity data of the current inhibition studies. To dissect the mechanism of TrCel7A-inhibition by XOS further, we used the modularity of the enzyme to test the influence of the CBM on activity in the presence of XOS. We used two variants of TrCel7A, the full-length enzyme and the TrCel7A core (TrCel7A truncated on DNA level by the linker and the CBM), which allowed us to study the influence of the CBM on XOS inhibition.
Binding constants based on a molar concentration scale of TrCel7A and TrCel7A core to linear xylan oligosaccharides
Xylan oligosaccharide
TrCel7A core (K)
TrCel7A (K)
Xylotriose (xyl)3
> 1.0 × 103
Xylotetraose (xyl)4
2.97 × 103
Xylohexaose (xyl)5
3.44 × 103
3.44 × 103
Xyloheptaose (xyl)7
7.43 × 103
5.76 × 103
Xylooctaose/xylononaose, (xyl)8/(xyl)9 (1:1)
1.19 × 104
9.20 × 104
Xylooctaose/xylononaose/xylodecaose, (xyl)8/(xyl)9/(xyl)10 (1:1:1)
2.91 × 105
Low XOS (5 g/L and 8.4 mM, average 4 DP)a
7.18 × 102
9.13 × 102
High XOS (5 g/L and 4.4 mM, average 8 DP)a
4.57 × 103
3.47 × 103
TrCel7A hydrolytic activity on pNP-lac
Para-nitrophenyl release of TrCel7A and TrCel7A core from pNP-lac as a single substrate at 50°C and 30°Ca
Enzyme (temperature
Activity in 1 hour
Activity in 1 hour (1 g/L low XOS)
Activity in 1 hour (1 g/L high XOS)
TrCel7A core, 50°C
127 ± 5 μM pNPb
436 ± 11 μM cbb
21% ± 4 pNP
61% ± 6 cb
10% ± 2 pNP
44% ± 2 cb
TrCel7A, 50°C
99 ± 3 μM pNP
695 ± 32 μM cb
15% ± 2 pNP
96% ± 4 cb
9% ± 1 pNP
81% ± 5 cb
TrCel7A core, 30°C
50 ± 2 μM pNP
177 ± 6 μM cb
21% ± 2 pNP
61% ± 7 cb
10% ± 4 pNP
55% ± 4 cb
TrCel7A, 30°C
38 ± 1 μM pNP
204 ± 10 μM cb
15% ± 3 pNP
96% ± 2 cb
9% ± 3 pNP
81% ± 2 cb
Hydrolytic activity on PASC in the presence of pNP-lac
Cellobiose release from phosphoric acid swollen cellulose by TrCel7A and TrCel7A core at 50°C and 30°C
Enzyme (temperature substrate)
Positive control
1 g/L low XOS
1 g/L high XOS
TrCel7A core, 50°C
457 ± 10 μM cb
260 ± 19 μM cb
196 ± 3 μM cb
TrCel7A, 50°C
695 ± 65 μM cb
611 ± 60 μM cb
587 ± 57 μM cb
TrCel7A core, 30°C
183 ± 7 μM cb
111 ± 8 μM cb
87 ± 5 μM cb
TrCel7A, 30°C
194 ± 8 μM cb
194 ± 4 μM cb
196 ± 1 μM cb
TrCel7A hydrolytic activity on pNP-lac in the presence of PASC
Para-nitrophenyl release by TrCel7A or TrCel7A core from pNP-lac at 50°C and 30°C in the presence of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose
Enzyme, temperature substrate
1 g/L low XOS
1 g/L high XOS
TrCel7A core, 50°C
pNP-laca (PASC)
25 ± 2 μM pNP
20% of total activity
15 ± 4 μM pNP
12% of total activity
9 ± 1 μM pNP
8% of total activity
TrCel7A, 50°C
pNP-lac (PASC)
6 ± 1 μM pNP
7% of total activity
5 ± 1 μM pNP
5% of total activity
< 4 μM pNPb
TrCel7A core, 30°C
pNP-lac (PASC)
6 ± 1 μM pNP
12% of total activity
< 4 μM pNPb
< 4 μM pNPb
TrCel7A, 30°C
pNP-lac (PASC)
< 4 μM pNPb
< 4 μMb
< 4 μM pNPb
We tested the effect of XOSs on the activity of two TrCel7A variants in samples with PASC, pNP-lac or both. The binding affinity of XOS with known DP was also quantified for both enzyme variants. The combined interpretation of the binding and activity data suggests that XOS binds to the active site of TrCel7A and hence exerts competitive inhibition. Moreover, our results suggest that the affinity for the active site follows the sequence PASC > XOS > pNP-lac and consequently that XOS is a much stronger inhibitor of pNP-lac hydrolysis than of PASC hydrolysis. Next we discuss arguments for and aspects of this proposed mechanism of XOS inhibition.
With pNP-lac alone (Table 3), the specific activities of TrCel7A and TrCel7A core were essentially the same and the addition of low XOS or high XOS resulted in severe and similar activity loss for both enzymes. Hence the CBM does not play a role for the small, soluble substrate analog pNP-lac. These observations and the strong affinity of XOS observed for both enzyme variants suggest that XOS bind more strongly than pNP-lac and hence inhibits their activity. The inhibition by XOSs was much less pronounced when PASC was used as the substrate. In fact, the intact enzyme was not detectably inhibited by low XOS (Table 4). This difference most likely reflects the higher binding affinity of PASC strands to the catalytic domain of TrCel7 compared to the binding of pNP-lac to the TrCel7A catalytic domain. An analogous relationship was measured with cellobiose as a competitive inhibitor. The reported Ki value for cellobiose with pNP-lac is 20 μM [20], and for bacterial cellulose it is approximately 50 times higher at around 1 mM [21]. This hypothesis is also in line with the observation that high XOS, despite the lower molar concentration (1 g/L equals about 4 mM), was caused greater inhibition than low XOS (1 g/L equals about 8 mM) (Table 3 and Figure 3). This can be simply explained by the higher binding affinity (Table 2) of high XOS, which overcompensates the lower molarity of high XOS.
Using PASC as a substrate, we observed that the presence of the CBM in TrCel7A plays a more prominent role in the sensitivity to XOS inhibition. The pNP-lac measurements in the presence of PASC showed that at most 7% of the added TrCel7A had an accessible active site. Thus we concluded that the missing 93% pNP-lac activity is removed by binding of TrCel7A to PASC, followed by occupation of the active site by a cellulose strand. The TrCel7A variant without CBM showed an increased pNP-lac activity (20% of the added activity is free in the buffer, when compared with the full length enzyme. This indicates that the presence of the CBM decreases the probability of a free active site in the presence of PASC. Our results derived from the two measurements combined gives a strong indication of the mechanism of activity inhibition of TrCel7A by XOSs. In a hydrolytic reaction, more than 80% of TrCel7A is bound to the substrate (Table 5). The presence of the CBM changed the equilibrium between free and bound TrCel7A from 20% free to less than 10% free in our experiments. This shift was even more pronounced at 30°C than at 50°C. The presence of the family 1 CBM in TrCel7A plays a pivotal role in its location and thereby its sensitivity to inhibition by XOSs. As the location equilibrium is shifted towards the insoluble substrate, the sensitivity to XOS inactivation of TrCel7A decreases.
XOSs are linear oligosaccharides with the same type of β(1→4) bond as cellulose. The structural similarity between XOSs and cellulose may make it possible to fit XOS sterically into the active site of TrCel7A. The results of our ITC-binding experiments reveal that increasing the chain length of XOS promotes binding to TrCel7A. The highest binding constants were found for XOS, which approximately matched the length of the TrCel7A active site (Table 1). In our opinion, it is plausible that XOS could be a competitive inhibitor of TrCel7A by occupying the active site in place of the substrate. This interpretation is in accord with both the absence of a CBM effect in the binding studies and the presence of such an effect for PASC hydrolysis, but further (structural) studies are needed to unequivocally confirm this hypothesis.
In principle, all active cellobiose-releasing complexes are formed with TrCel7A recruited from the small free pool of enzyme in solution; therefore, XOS inhibition can play a major role in reducing TrCel7A activity. This study clearly shows that a higher incubation temperature of 50°C increases the XOS inactivation of TrCel7A.
In biomass hydrolysis experiments, the addition of xylanases and/or xylosidases increases the overall yield of glucose and xylose [4, 7, 22, 23]. The observed synergy between xylanases and cellulases can at least partly be explained by the offset of cellulase inhibition as XOS is hydrolysed to low DP, which does not bind strongly to the active site of cellulose. It remains to be discovered whether this is only the effect of the addition of xylanases or whether there are other substrate-related effects, too.
Xylan oligosaccharides
Mixed and pure XOSs were produced as described by Baumann et al. [24]. Monodisperse xylotriose to xyloheptaose was obtained in 100-mg amounts, and mixed pools were obtained up to xylodecaose as described in Table 3. High XOS and low XOS were separated by ethanol precipitation (4:1) of high XOS from a solution of mixed XOS (0.5 L at 14 g/L concentration) in 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0. The fine precipitate (high XOS) was separated on a glass fibre filter and dissolved in water. After freeze-drying this solution, 2.1 g of low XOS and 4.6 g of high XOS were obtained. Both fractions were analysed by HPAEC-PAD (Figure 1). We found that low XOS contained saccharides from xylobiose to xylose11 with 80% of the relative peak area between xylobiose and xylopentose, whereas high XOS contained saccharides from xylobiose to xyl18 with 80% of the relative peak area between xylotetraose and (xyl)12. The average molecular mass values of low XOS and high XOS were calculated as 4.0 and 8.1 xylose units, respectively, after the relative peak areas had been determined.
TrCel7A core was produced by site-directed mutagenesis of a TrCel7A sequence [UniProtKB:P62694]. The protein sequence of the catalytic domain used was the same sequence as that of TrCel7A but truncated by the carboxy-terminal CBM and the linker sequence. The mature TrCel7A core contained the first 436 amino acids after the signal peptides (17 amino acids). TrCel7A [UniProtKB:P62694] and TrCel7A core were both produced heterologously in Aspergillus oryzae by Novozymes A/S (Bagsværd, Denmark) according to patent WO/2000/039322 and were purified as described by Praestgaard et al. [9].
ITC binding
The binding affinity of TrCel7A and TrCel7A core was measured at 30°C in an iTC200 power-compensated isothermal titration calorimeter (MicroCal/GE Healthcare, Northampton, MA, USA) with a cell volume of 200 μl and by using an injector equipped with a 40-μl syringe. All binding experiments were carried out at 30°C with 1,000 rpm stirring. In a typical binding experiment, the cell was filled with 40 μM cellobiohydrolase, and pure XOS (1.25 mM) or pools of mixed oligosaccharides (low XOS 5 g/L about 8.4 mM or high XOS 5 g/L about 4.4 mM) were injected according to the following protocol: initial equilibration for 16 minutes, then nine injections of 1 μl after 150 seconds, followed by fifteen injections of 2 μl. Data were analysed using Origin 7.0 software (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA) with the add-on provided by MicroCal/GE Healthcare.
Enzyme activity
Cellobiohydrolase activity was measured as cellobiose release from 1 g/L PASC at 50°C or 30°C with 300 rpm shaking in an Eppendorf heating block. TrCel7A and TrCel7A core amounts were adjusted to release 100 μM or 127 μM pNP from pNP-lac when incubated at 50°C for one hour. After one hour of incubation, PASC was removed by short centrifugation for 20 seconds in a tabletop centrifuge. An aliquot of the supernatant (0.5 ml) was removed and incubated at 99°C for 20 minutes at 300 rpm in an Eppendorf heating block to inactivate the cellobiohydrolase. We analysed 10 μl of the supernatant by HPAEC-PAD. XOSs (200 μl) were added to a final concentration of 1 g/L, which is approximately equivalent to 1.7 mM low XOS or 0.9 mM high XOS. The amount of free cellobiohydrolase was quantified as pNP release from pNP-lac as described by Jalak and Väljamäe [16].
Product inhibition of TrCel7A
A simple quantification of TrCel7A activity is hindered by several parameters. TrCel7A is product-inhibited by cellobiose. In the hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose, the product inhibition by cellobiose was measured by Gruno et al. [21] as Ki approximately 1.5 mM [14, 21]. Thus we chose to limit the product inhibition by restricting the amount of produced cellobiose to a maximum of 1 mM. The values that we obtained for pNP-lac activity are most likely underestimates, since the Ki for cellobiose is 20 μM for the hydrolysis of pNP-lac [20], and the cellobiose concentration was higher in most of our experiments.
- k cat :
catalytic rate constant
- K i :
inhibition constant
binding constant
We thank Dr Katja Salomon Johansen at Novozymes for the enzyme samples of TrCel7A. This work was supported by The Danish Council for Strategic Research (grants 09-063210 and 2104-07-0028) and by the US Department of Energy (grant DE-FC36-08GO18080).
Authors' Affiliations
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- Selig MJ, Knoshaug EP, Adney WS, Himmel ME, Decker SR: Synergistic enhancement of cellobiohydrolase performance on pretreated corn stover by addition of xylanase and esterase activities. Bioresour Technol. 2008, 99: 4997-5005. 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.064.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Baumann MJ, Murphy L, Lei N, Krogh KB, Borch K, Westh P: Advantages of isothermal titration calorimetry for xylanase kinetics in comparison to chemical-reducing-end assays. Anal Biochem. 410: 19-26.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Forex - EUR/JPY Technical Analysis (Euro / Yen)
Updated the:
EUR/JPY : Towards a return below 100?
Sentiment :
--- New analysis ---
The pair EUR/JPY is currently testing the support at 101 and is moving into a short term bearish channel (blue lines in h1).
We advise to trade only short positions as far as 102 is resistance. The breakout of 101 will give a new sell signal and will allow the price to test the psychological level at 100.
In case of return above 102, we will then advise to wait the breakout of 103 to trade long positions.
Traders with a more agressive strategy could trade the pair according to 102 (long above and short below).
Analysis published by Vincent, the 11/09/2012 at 11h00
Chart of the pair EUR/JPY - Timeframe 1H
Chart of the pair EUR/JPY - Timeframe 4H
|EUR/JPY Live Chart - Timeframe : 4h
For more reports, go to Forextribe


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Playbill: Three New Shows and Performances in Denver October 2-4
Dance along with Theatre Or's My Mother's Lesbian Jewish Wiccan Wedding at the Soiled Dove.
Michael Ensminger
Interesting surroundings link new plays and performances in Denver this weekend, from Cherry Creek Theater Company's stage in a carpet store and Theatre Or's run in a concert venue to Lemon Sponge Cake's public-art dance commission in a park. Where there's a will, there's a way: Here are the specifics.
Cherry Creek Theatre Company, Sondheim on Sondheim
Shaver-Ramsey Showroom
Friday, October 2 through Sunday, October 25
7:30 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays
6:30 p.m. Sundays
Tickets: $29 to $34
James Lapine's Sondheim on Sondheim is more than a revue — though it features favorite songs from such Broadway hits as West Side Story, Into the Woods and Sunday in the Park with George. But it also takes a look what makes the acclaimed composer and lyricist tick, using a multimedia approach, with archival and interview footage to pull the work together. Join CCTC in the intimate — and lush! — surroundings of its home amidst the carpets at Shaver-Ramsey for this regional premiere, which opens Friday.
Michael Ensminger
Theatre Or, My Mother's Lesbian Jewish Wiccan Wedding
Soiled Dove
Saturday, October 3, through Sunday, November 8
Selected dates, Thursdays through Sundays
Tickets: $23 to $37
In conjunction with the Mizel Arts and Culture Center's Jewish-centric fall JAAMM Festival, Theatre Or will christen a new theater venue at the Soiled Dove to present My Mother's Lesbian Jewish Wiccan Wedding, a musical comedy by David Hein and Irene Carl Sankoff. Inspired by the true story of Hein's mother, who reinvented herself after a divorce and eventually came out to her family, MMLJWW has recently been updated to reflect the legalization of same-sex marriage in the U.S. Visit Theatre Or ("Or" is the Hebrew word for "light") online for a complete schedule of show dates.
Lemon Sponge Cake Contemporary Ballet, White Mirror
Babi Yar Park, 10451 East Yale Avenue
6:30 p.m. Sunday, October 4
Denver Public Art will take a literal leap when it presents White Mirror, a site-specific dance installation from Boulder's Lemon Sponge Cake Contemporary Ballet at Babi Yar Park: This is the city program's first dance commission. Designed by choreographer Robert Sher-Machherndl to be a living memorial to the Jews, gypsies, Ukrainians and others who were murdered during World War II at the Babi Yar ravine near Kiev, the performance is free. Audience members are invited to bring blankets and picnics to the park; visit Denver Public Art and Lemon Sponge Cake online for details.
Find a stage near you: Check out Westword's online listings for more theater events for this week. And watch for our Winter Arts Guide, coming out on October 1.
Related Location
7401 E. 1st Ave.
Denver, CO 80230
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Bindaas - Super Hit Action Hindi Dubbed South Indian Full Movie
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Super Hit Action Hindi Dubbed South Indian Full Movie Bindaas Hindi dubbed full movie
Shivu (Puneet Rajkumar) does pickpocket and sells cinema tickets in the black. He is totally flat to the beauty of Preethi (Hansika). Be happy no BP is the Mantra of Shivu. After initial hate-love meetings Shivu decides to ascertain the feel in the mind of Preethi. He hands over a cover and says she will definitely open it to know the contents. Preethi says it is impossible. The next day Preethi hands over the letter to Shivu and says she has won. No you have lost says Shivu. It is because she could not read the lovely contents in the letter he says. By slip of the tongue Preethi says no there was nothing in the letter. That is true because Shivu had inserted only blank sheet in the cover. The final test in love Shivu wins and Preethi this time is absolutely in love with Shivu for his intelligence.
Preethi daughter of ACP Vikram Rathod (Nazar) wants the way to be cleared. But Shivu wants a job before his marriage. At this time ACP knows that his daughter in love with petty thief Shivu and give him the post of police informer. At this time ACP says he will clear the way for his marriage with Preethi. Now Shivu a police informer goes in to the den of dons. He wants to catch Saleem the terrorist who has been responsible of blasting of three important buildings.
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Yeah, so I opened a can a worms while I was in a frustrated state and a bit of religion came spewing out and I got several people upset. So, let's go back and cover it and if y'all hate me afterwards, well, so be it (or should I say amen? since it's the same thing)
This is turning out longer than I expected, so here is part one.
Religion: The background
I was born in a family with a Catholic and a Protestant. This was and in some places still is, unthinkable. My sister was Christened in a Catholic Church. Since her first name was not a saint's name, the preist Christened her with her middle name. That totally pissed off my parents and Catholic was out. I was born in Buffalo, and when I was 3 or 4, we moved to the edge of the county (about 40 minutes away, it's a long and skinny county). My parents had been going to a United Church of Christ. Then they found an Episcopal Church in my town. It was protestant (sort of) and Catholic(sort of). For those who are aware of the schism in the Episcopal Church, my town boasted one of the more conservative churches. The Episcopal Church was also one of the smaller churches in town. Buffalo and the surrounding areas contain a large group of Catholics and my town had the requisite Catholic Church and school.
My parents wanted me to have communion, so I had to study with one of the pastors. I had to serve as an acolyte, and I had to learn all about being one with Christ. The pastor was not terribly thrilled with me. I asked many questions. I was explained that God was loving and gave his only son to save us. I asked how this God could be so loving if He destroyed towns and called for the murder of other people. I was explained that God changed. I asked why an omnipotent God would need to undergo change? Why would a sacrifice be needed? Would He have seen this coming? The pastor often referred me to the book of Job and how Job never wavered in his faith of God. I think the pastor was ready to pull out his hair when I asked how a God could be loving if He was willing to torment a worshipper just to prove a point? I was finally allowed to have communion. I was expecting things to make a difference. I thought if I was "ready" to accept the blood and flesh of Christ, then I must feel something when I stepped to the altar. I tasted cheap red wine out of a communal cup and ate a flat white wafer that didn't even taste like bread. The spirit within me was nonplussed.
Shortly after this time, my parents had a falling out with the Episcopal Church. Or perhaps the pastor finally rubbed them the wrong way. We had been having a series of interns under our pastor and, well, they were all jerks as far as I could tell. My mom convinced my dad to go back to the UCC in Buffalo, the Church SHE grew up with. So off to another form of Christianity. Now, remember that my town was full of Catholics. I often slept over at friends' homes and was expected to attend church the next day. I got a fairly accurate view of Catholicism from those visits to St. Paul's in our town.
I found the UCC was a better fit for our family. The wine was served out of small cups and the bread was actually little cubes of bread! This was more like I had imagined the bread of Christ to be like. I still had no spiritual experience within the Church. It was calm, and I could reflect on the past week. I often found the fact that we spent so much time reflecting on what we did wrong and very little on HOW to be better. The sermons were all about the goodness of Jesus and how we need to be better because we were all evil little sinners. Occasionally a story from the Old Testament would sneak in and I would remember the Book of Job and how God would play with his underlings.
Often, I would stare at the patterns on the glass windows and wonder if there really was a God. Why was this God so egotistical that He needed everyone to be perfect little beings? Why didn't the God make people perfect in the first place. Sure, the whole garden of Eden and the snake, but that means God gave people the free will to disobey and perfection was purely unattainable. I once asked one of the pastors about this and he tried to assure me that God wasn't trying to make people perfect. Then why do we need to sin and ask for forgiveness all of the time? If we were made in God's image, why are our souls not perfect too? Why do our bodies fail before a full life? Why did God need a fallen angel to create the evil side of nature? Again, my lack of going with the party line lead to me being reminded of being obedient to God and to Jesus. That Jesus loves us and we need to be good for everlasting life.
This lead to a whole other quandary. Everlasting life? Really? Wouldn't that be, well, dull? The books show pudgy baby cherubim and winged robed people, floating on clouds, all the same, all just as dull. Where is the pleasure in that? If all of our needs are met, if all of our days are the same paradise, would it be interesting? I had trouble with the whole everlasting life. Did this mean that souls are constantly formed out of nothingness and they go to heaven and never return to the circle of life? Of course, you could also suffer in the pains of hell, but what kind of system is THAT? Live a good life the way one book tells you and your will allow your soul to go to a place that looks down on the world and everyone is the dressed the same, or suffer for all eternity for not doing the right thing? And the best part of this system is it's a guess! What if you happened to follow a different form of Christianity. They all couldn't be right. There are minor differences in all and what is not allowed in one is totally cool in another. If I believed in the WRONG Christianity, I would STILL go to suffer for all eternity. I couldn't even tell if that falls in Dante's 1st circle of hell.
Around the time I was trying to really understand the nature of God and Jesus, I ran into a problem. I found Darwin's theory of evolution to make sense. It was logical, it was studied, it did not invoke a magical person to step in a create something out of nothing. It was supported by many, many, many forms of evidence. I liked it. It was tangible. Cool! Something that is making sense! Except, I discovered that my peers did not agree. I was debating between the chocolate milk that I loved and the regular milk that was better for me when one girl (and I can't remember who it was) said "I heard that you believe in that stupid evolution thing". Surprised, I turned and said "yes, why not? It makes sense, it has evidence backing it up. It's great!" She spat at me!(ick!). "You're going to burn in hell for not believing in Jesus. I didn't come from a monkey!" Well color me shocked! I was rather taken aback and surprised when a few other people announced similar things. Fortunately, my real friends didn't care, but I was really upset by this.
I spent 7th grade soul searching and trying to understand where God, Jesus and the Church fell in my life. It was about this time I picked up "Are you there God, it's me, Margaret" again. This time, I really could relate. I was just getting my period, I was getting older and I didn't find religion to be reasonable in my life. I continued to try to understand religion, my place in it and life in general until college.


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3 How-to Strategies For Your Brick-and-Mortar MarketingJune 5th 2015
What is brick-and-mortar marketing? This term..Tips for Business Owners
By Anna Larson - November 10, 2014
Every business knows that the more time you save, the more efficient you'll be. I'm a firm believer in that idea. Even if those time-saving things only save you a second or two, it all adds up!
I don't know any better way to shave a few seconds off your daily tasks than using web browser shortcuts on your keyboard. The less you have to reach for your mouse or trackpad, the more time you save.
Once again, a few seconds here and there really adds up! Over the past few months here at CityGro, I will often use a web browser shortcut on my keyboard when showing a co-worker something on my computer. They'll stop me and ask about what I just did, and how I did that. So, I thought I would share some of my favorite, time-saving and easy to remember shortcuts.
I always find myself multitasking. I usually have a few tabs open at once because my mind is always in ten places. So, this shortcut makes it easy to pull things up all at once extremely quickly.
This is hands-down the least known, but most convenient browser shortcut. If you're on a site reading an article and the author links to something else you want to read, just command/control click on the link and it will open the linked page in a new tab behind your current tab.
This is awesome because you can finish reading your article without forgetting to visit the link in that article. This shortcut is also useful when sifting through Google search results. Google something and command/control click on the results you want to explore. This leaves the Google search results page there to go back to in case you don't find what you need.
Having a bunch of tabs open can also be a headache. Command/control W is the quickest way to close the current tab you're in. It's pretty annoying trying to locate the page you're on in the toolbar and click right on the X of the tab.
Half the time I try closing out of the tab, I end up clicking on the tab next to it instead! This shortcut gets rid of that wasted time and energy.
Want to see if this page has changed? Something funky going on with the page? Want to make sure the page is the most current version? Simple! Command/control R and it will reload it in an instant.
Are you searching for something on a particular webpage? Do you know exactly what you're looking for, down to the word or phrase? This shortcut helps if you already know what you need to find on a webpage.
Skimming a page can be time consuming, and you might miss what you're looking for, so this shortcut allows you to type the exact word or phrase you're trying to find, and will move your window to that section of the page. Such a time saver!
This one is pretty self explanatory. We all know about bookmarking pages, this is just an easier way to do it!
The the text on a page too small? Want to look at a page more closely? This will let you zoom in and out of the page as needed.
Once you've zoomed in and out, how do you know what the actual normal size was again? Command/control 0 will do just that. It will resize you page back to normal. Pretty nifty!
This lets you scroll the entire page length up or down. No more mouse scrolling! Pressing the space bar moves you down the page, while pressing shift and space at the same time moves allows you to go back up.
This will once again eliminate the need for your mouse or trackpad. Instead of clicking on the address bar to change the page address, just press command/control L and it will highlight the current web address and move your cursor to the address bar!
What are your favorite web browser shortcuts to save time? Check out these organization tips to save even more time during your day.
What is brick-and-mortar marketing? This term..Tips for Business Owners
In the fast-paced, technological world we live..Tips for Business Owners


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Nice "chicklettes", little girl (what we call those little front teeth).
She looks like she leads a rough, rough life :)
love the close ups!!
Cathy & Zimmer
cutie patootie!!!
smoochies the scrunchy face
the video game thingee.......does she enjoy the games? :-) She's ador-a-bull!
Our three JOYS !!!
Sophie, Meaty, and, Professor (adopted in March 2016, went to Rainbow Bridge Dec. 2016)
Our sweet Archimedes "MEATY" Bones (or as we say...boneSHHH!) ---born 11/28/08---- our first bullllyyyy!!!
And SOPHIE Bubbles *Rapscallion* (LOL!) ---born 4/3/11----our second bulllllyyyy!!!!
she's got such sweet, gentle soul eyes. :) She is a cutie!
Shannon and Winston :)
My swimming bully buddy!


text:
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Erdington area(6 Posts)
erdingtonmom Wed 16-Jan-13 15:35:38
Notamoseleymum Thu 17-Jan-13 08:42:54
erdingtonmom Thu 17-Jan-13 15:29:24
Notamoseleymum Thu 17-Jan-13 16:04:27
BillyBollyBrum Sat 26-Jan-13 11:59:58
Flossiechops Sat 26-Jan-13 21:59:07
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