text:
A novel point mutation in RpoB improves osmotolerance and succinic acid production in Escherichia coli
- Mengyong Xiao†1, 2, 3,
- Xinna Zhu†1, 2,
- Hongtao Xu1, 2,
- Jinlei Tang1, 2,
- Ru Liu1, 2,
- Changhao Bi1, 2,
- Feiyu Fan1, 2Email author and
- Xueli Zhang1, 2Email author
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0337-6
© The Author(s). 2017
Received: 11 August 2016
Accepted: 10 February 2017
Published: 13 February 2017
Escherichia coli suffer from osmotic stress during succinic acid (SA) production, which reduces the performance of this microbial factory.
Here, we report that a point mutation leading to a single amino acid change (D654Y) within the β-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RpoB) significantly improved the osmotolerance of E. coli. Importation of the D654Y mutation of RpoB into the parental strain, Suc-T110, increased cell growth and SA production by more than 40% compared to that of the control under high glucose osmolality. The transcriptome profile, determined by RNA-sequencing, showed two distinct stress responses elicited by the mutated RpoB that counterbalanced the osmotic stress. Under non-stressed conditions, genes involved in the synthesis and transport of compatible solutes such as glycine-betaine, glutamate or proline were upregulated even without osmotic stimulation, suggesting a "pre-defense" mechanism maybe formed in the rpoB mutant. Under osmotic stressed conditions, genes encoding diverse sugar transporters, which should be down-regulated in the presence of high osmotic pressure, were derepressed in the rpoB mutant. Additional genetic experiments showed that enhancing the expression of the mal regulon, especially for genes that encode the glycoporin LamB and maltose transporter, contributed to the osmotolerance phenotype.
The D654Y single amino acid substitution in RpoB rendered E. coli cells resistant to osmotic stress, probably due to improved cell growth and viability via enhanced sugar uptake under stressed conditions, and activated a potential "pre-defense" mechanism under non-stressed conditions. The findings of this work will be useful for bacterial host improvement to enhance its resistance to osmotic stress and facilitate bio-based organic acids production.
KeywordsOsmotolerance RpoB Succinic acid Sugar transporter RNA-seq
Escherichia coli has been extensively developed for bio-based production of a wide variety of organic acids, including succinic acid (SA) [1, 2]. Although high yields of SA have been successfully achieved using E. coli as hosts on both laboratory and commercial scales [2–4], cells suffering from osmotic stress during fermentation remains a major barrier for hyper SA production. One of the main causes of osmotic stress is a high initial sugar concentration in the medium, which is beneficial for simplifying the carbon source feeding process. However, induced osmotic pressure also negatively impacts robustness and propagating fecundity of the bacterial cells. Alkali is usually added during SA fermentation to maintain the medium at a neutral pH [4, 5]. SA accumulates as the dissociated form, disodium succinate, which further aggravate the osmotic stress.
The molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect due to osmotic stress can be summarized in two aspects. First, since sugar molecules cannot freely travel across semi-permeable cell membranes by diffusion, the high concentrations of such external solvents lead to a strong tendency of cytoplasmic water efflux. This dehydration results in shrinkage of the cell volume and malfunction of cell membranes and embedded proteins, leading to osmotic stress [6]. To counterbalance the deleterious effect of osmotic stress, compatible solutes (also called osmoprotectants), such as potassium ions [7], glycine-betaine [8], trehalose [9], glutamate [10], and proline [11] can spontaneously accumulate in cells via de novo synthesis or transport from the medium. Compatible solutes are usually impermeable to the cell membrane, less toxic at high internal concentrations, and not easily catabolized [6, 8], which greatly facilitates water remaining within the cytoplasm. In terms of SA production, it was reported that medium supplemented with glycine-betaine or proline improved cell osmotolerance and succinate production in E. coli [12] and Actinobacillus succinogenes [13]. However, it is worth noting that the osmoprotective effects of these compatible solutes are conditional. For example, it was reported that internal glycine-betaine lost its protective effect in the presence of NaCl concentrations greater than 1 M [14]. Second, inhibition of nutrition uptake might account for the attenuation of cell growth upon external osmolality. Previous studies using an isotopic labeling experiment demonstrated that in the presence of increased osmolality, the activity of nearly all known sugar transport systems in E. coli were inhibited, including the glucose phosphotransferase system (PTS), the binding protein mediated maltose transport system, lactose-proton symport system, and melibiose-sodium co-transport system [15]. Sugar transportation defects leading to energy insufficiency could be partially explained by inhibition of DNA replication [16], protein synthesis and respiration [14] under an osmotic stress. It is noteworthy that such inhibitory effects on growth did not lead to cell death because cell growth and metabolic activity were still maintained at a low level [15]. In addition to attenuation of sugar transport, transcriptional repression of genes encoding sugar transporters might also lead to inhibition of sugar uptake. It was experimentally shown that the transcripts abundance of galactitol and maltose transporter genes were drastically downregulated upon NaCl-induced osmotic stress [17], although transcriptional information for other sugar transporters has not been reported.
Our laboratory previously generated an E. coli strain, Suc-T110, for SA production that is highly susceptible to osmotic stress. After maintaining Suc-T110 for more than 1400 generations in a medium containing a high sugar concentration (12% w/v glucose), an osmotolerant strain, HX024, was obtained. Genome re-sequencing of HX024 showed that only seven genes had non-synonymous point mutations, including rpoB and agaR, which encode transcriptional regulators [4]. In this work, we aimed to discover how these two mutations lead to phenotypic changes in osmotolerance.
Strain, medium and growth conditions
Strains used in this study
E.coli ATCC#8739, ΔldhA, ΔpflB, ΔptsI, Ppck*-galP, Ppck*-pck
Suc-T110, ΔackA-pta, Ppck*-aceBA, Ppck*-dcuC, ΔmgsA,adaptively evolved for 1440 generations
Suc-T110:: rpoB (D654Y)
In this study
Suc-T110:: agaR (R109W)
In this study
Suc-T110, Ppck*- malK-lamB-malM
In this study
RpoBD645Y, ∆malE-malF-malG
In this study
RpoBD645Y, ∆malE-malF-malG ∆malK-lamB-malM
In this study
Genetic methods
Gene knock-outs or overexpression mutants were constructed using a previously described two-step recombination method [18]. Red recombinase was used to facilitate chromosomal gene deletion and modulation [19]. All primers used to construction of mutants are listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. For importation of the mutated rpoB into Suc-T110, a cat-sacB cassette was amplified from plasmid pXZ-CS with the primer set rpoB-QC-cat-up/rpoB-QC-sacB-down, which was used to replace the native rpoB gene in the Suc-T110 chromosome via homologous recombination. Then the mutated rpoB gene was amplified from strain HX024 with primer set rpoB-up/rpoB-down, which was used to replace the cat-sacB cassette via a second recombination event. Since cells containing the sacB gene die when grown on sucrose due to the accumulation of levan, transformants containing the mutated rpoB gene were selected for resistance to sucrose [18]. The mutated agaR gene was cloned into Suc-T110 by a similar method, and a single deletion of the malEFG operon as well as a double deletion of the malEFG and malK-lamB-malM operons in Suc-T110 were generated using the the same method. For over-expression of lamB in Suc-T110, the promoter for the malK-lamB-malM operon was replaced with a constitutive strong promoter Ppck* using the two-step recombination method as mentioned above.
Growth under normal or osmotic conditions
Fresh colonies were inoculated into 250-mL flasks containing 30 mL of modified NBS mineral salts medium [20] [per liter: 3.5 g of KH2PO4, 5.0 g of K2HPO4, 3.5 g of (NH4)2HPO4, 0.25 g of MgSO4 · 7 H2O, 15 mg CaCl2 · 2H2O, 0.5 mg of thiamine, 10.0 g of KHCO3 and 0.15 g of betaine HCl and 1 ml of trace metal stock]. The trace metal stock was prepared in 0.1 M HCl and contained the following (per liter):1.6 g of FeCl3, 0.2 g of CoCl2 · 6H2O, 0.1 g of CuCl2, 0.2 g of ZnCl2 · 4 H2O, 0.2 g of NaMoO4, 0.05 g of H3BO3. The medium contained 20 gL-1 glucose, and cultures were grown at 37 °C and 250 rpm for 12 h. Cultures were then transferred to 500-mL fermentation vessels, which contained 250 mL of NBS mineral salts medium supplemented with 50 gL-1 or 120 gL-1 glucose to represent the non-stressed or osmotic stressed conditions, respectively. Then, the cultures were incubated anaerobically for 96 h at 37 °C and 150 rpm. Cell mass was estimated by measuring the optical density at 550 nm (OD550) as described previously [9]. The succinate and glucose concentration in the medium were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography according to a previously reported protocol [21].
RNA extraction
After 48 h of fermentation under normal (5% w/v glucose) or osmotic-stressed (12% w/v glucose) conditions, samples of Suc-T110 and RpoBD645Y were harvested for total RNA isolation. Extraction and additional on-column DNase I treatment was performed with the RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The purified RNA was assessed with an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser (Agilent) and quantified using a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies).
RNA sequencing and data analysis
Four 90-nt paired-end RNA-seq libraries were generated at Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI, Shenzhen, China) with the HiSeq™ 2000 platform. Quality control of sequencing reads was performed with the NGS QC Toolkit (version 2.3.3) [22], and the obtained high-quality reads were aligned to the E. coli ATCC#8739 genome (GenBank CP000946.1) with Bowtie 2 (version 2.2.5) [23]. The aligned reads stored in SAM format file and the raw counts for reads mapping to unique gene were then tallied with HTSeq-count scripts (0.6.0) with the intersection-nonempty resolution mode [24]. Abundance for each transcript was calculated using the Reads Per Kilobase per Million (RPKM) measure as described previously [25]. Differential expression gene calling was performed with R package NOISeq (version 2.6.0) [26] with "probability of differential expression (q value)" ≥0.9 and |log2 Ratio| ≥ 1 as the final cut-off. MIPS FunCat online tools [27] were used to annotate genes with altered expression, and enriched categories (P value < 0.001) were marked out.
Statistical significance tests
Unless otherwise noted, all experiments were performed in triplicate, and statistical tests for significance were determined via a one-way ANOVA using R (version 3.1.1).
Results and Discussion
A point mutation in rpoB confers resistance to osmotic stress
In E. coli ATCC#8739, the gene rpoB (EcolC_4038) encodes the β-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAp). RNAp, which is the primary enzyme responsible for gene transcription in prokaryotes, consists of five subunits (α2ββ'ω) and is associated with one of several alternative sigma (σ) factors. Sigma factors, such as σS in E. coli [28], σB in Listeria monocytogenes [29], and RpoN in Campylobacter jejuni [30], have been reported to be involved in the regulation of osmotic stress responses. However, direct evidence for the involvement of the RNAp β-subunit in osmotolerance has not yet been reported. An analysis of the protein domain architecture of the RNAp β-subunit using SMART online tools [31] showed that the D654Y mutation was located in a Pfam domain (PF10385) called the external one region of the polymerase. However, the function of this domain has not been characterized. Given that the β-subunit, along with the β' subunits, constitute the active center of RNAp [32], we speculated that the D654Y mutation might lead to a conformational change in the RNAp active site, and therefore, affect the overall gene transcription pattern. It has been shown that point mutations in the β subunit of Enterococci RNAp conferred the capability of adaption to drug stress induced by cephalosporin [33], which probably occurs via a similar mechanism.
Transcriptomic profiling revealed mutated RpoB caused osmotic response genes upregulated under non-osmotic stressed conditions
Of the 4200 annotated genes, 128 genes showed altered expression in the strain containing the RpoB D654Y mutation under normal osmolality; with 38 upregulated and 90 downregulated genes. Functional enrichment of the 38 up-regulated genes by MIPS FunCat tools showed that 11 genes were engaged in biological functions of amino acid metabolism (P-value = 4.60E-05; Additional file 3: Table S3, P1 and P3, Fig. 2b). As mentioned above, bacterial cells commonly accumulate glutamate and proline to high levels under osmotic stress. The transcriptional abundance of genes involved in the metabolism of glutamate and aspartate (which can be converted into glutamate through transamination [34]), such as EcolC_2869, EcolC_3652, EcolC_3653, EcolC_1833, EcolC_4075, and EcolC_3651, were markedly increased in RpoBD645Y under normal osmolality. Genes involved in proline metabolism were not detected in the up-regulated gene set. However, the expression of genes encoding the major proline transporter system ProU [6, 7] was markedly enhanced. Transcription levels of genes located in the proU operon, including proX (EcolC_1027, encoding substrate-binding protein), proW (EcolC_1028, encoding permease), and proV (EcolC_1029, encoding ATP-binding protein), increased 3- to 4- fold in RpoBD645Y. These results were consistent with previous observations that proline accumulation in E. coli was due to enhanced transportation and not by synthesis [6, 35]. In addition, the ProU system also functions as the major system for glycine betaine uptake in E. coli [36]. A previous study showed that ProU-mediated glycine betaine transport was osmotically stimulated at the level of gene expression [6]. However, to our knowledge, the observation that the proU operon highly expressed under non-osmotic stress conditions has not yet been reported. Given that our modified NBS mineral salts medium contains a small amount of betaine (1 mM), we speculated that this compatible solute could be taken up into RpoBD645Y via ProU under non-osmotic stressed conditions, although further study is needed to obtain more direct evidence. In summary, the rpoB mutation probably conferred E. coli with the ability to mount a "pre-defense" mechanism, such that the osmotic response genes were activated under non-osmotic stressed conditions, which helped the cells better adapt to subsequent osmotic shock.
Transcriptomic profiling showed that mutated RpoB conferred osmotolerance via derepression of sugar transporters
Under a high osmolality, 244 differentially transcribed genes were identified in RpoBD645Y when compared with Suc-T110; 132 were upregulated and 112 were downregulated (Additional file 3: Table S3, P2). Since genes involved in glutamate synthesis and proline/glycine betaine transportation showed similar transcription levels in RpoBD645Y and Suc-T110 (Additional file 2: Table S2 and Additional file 3: Table S3), strategies other than "pre-defense" mechanisms might be adopted by RpoBD645Y to survive under high osmolality. Functional analysis of 132 upregulated genes indicated that the most significantly enriched physiological function of RpoBD645Y upon osmotic stress was associated with carbon source transportation (FunCat term: 20.01.03 C-compound and carbohydrate transport, P-value =9.51E-05; Additional file 3: Table S3, P5, Fig. 2b). This group included genes encoding diverse sugar transporters. The expression levels of these genes have been reported to be drastically reduced under osmotic stress conditions [17, 37, 38]. We found that these sugar transporter genes were drastically repressed in Suc-T110 under osmotic stress, whereas in RpoBD645Y, their expression maintained stable under osmotic stress. For example, transcript levels of malE (EcolC_3995), malF (EcolC_3996), malG (EcolC_3997) malK (EcolC_3994), and lamB (EcolC_3993), which encode individual subunits of the maltose ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter, decreased 10- to 14- fold in Suc-T110 compared to the corresponding levels in RpoBD645Y under osmotic stress. Meanwhile, genes encoding galactose PTS (EcolC_1645, EcolC_1646, and EcolC_1647), mannose PTS (ManY: EcolC_1814 and ManZ: EcolC_1813), D-xylose proton symporter XylE (EcolC_3998), and the melibiose-sodium co-transport system (EcolC_3907) were decreased 2- to 5- fold in Suc-T110 when compared to the corresponding levels in RpoBD645Y. These data demonstrated that repression effects on sugar transport genes were alleviated in RpoBD645Y due to the rpoB mutation. Based on FunCat analysis, no other processes with potential osmotic responsive functions were markedly enriched (cut-off, P value ≤ 0.001) in RpoBD645Y (Additional file 3: Table S3, P5, Fig. 2b). We assumed that maintenance of sugar transporter gene expression may be helpful for maintaining growth under osmotic stress, which might be the primary reason for the osmotic stress resistance of RpoBD645Y.
The porin LamB contributes to osmotolerance in RpoBD645Y
Derepression of the inner membrane-associated maltose ABC transporter confers osmotolerance
In addition to porin proteins, a number of sugar transporters located on the inner membrane were also derepressed in RpoBD645Y under high osmolarity. Thus, additional experiments were carried out to test whether modifying the expression of these transporter genes would alter osmotolerance.
A novel point mutation (D654Y) within RpoB was identified in this work, which improved the osmotolerance of E. coli. This mutation affected the transcriptional activity of RpoB, leading to upregulation of several osmotic response genes which involved in the biosynthesis or transportation of compatible solutes under non-osmotic stressed conditions, probably contributes to compatible solute accumulation. This mutation also enhanced glucose uptake under high sugar osmolality via derepression of the mal regulon. Thus, this mutation can be used to improve cell growth under osmotic stress and increase the production of succinate and other organic acids.
Adenosine triphosphate
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) glycolytic pathway
Phosphoenolpyruvate, carbohydrate phosphotransferase system
- RNAp:
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Reads Per Kilobase per Million
- rTCA:
Reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle
Succinic acid
The authors wish to thank Ms. Ying Qin for the help in the experiments.
This research was supported by grants from the Key deployment project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZDRW-ZS-2016-3), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2014AA021205), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31522002 and 31300089), and Tianjin Key Technology R&D program of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (13ZCZDSY05300).
Availability of data and materials
The RNA-seq data discussed in this publication have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus [48] and are accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE84769 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE84769).
Authors' contributions
MX, XiZ, FF, and XuZ designed the study and advised on protocols. MX and XiZ carried out the experimental procedures. HX, JT, RL, and CB helped with experimental procedures and manuscript preparation. The manuscript was read and approved by all the authors.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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text:
Re: [linux-dell-laptops] (Inspiron 1100) Internal and External Monitro Definitions
Expand Messages
- Hi Dustin C Hatch
This laptop doesn't support multiple monitors simultaneously, as you
have confirmed.
Firstly, you can set up a range of display resolutions and switch
between them from your desktop (eg in GNOME or KDE). This would be the
simplest and most transparent option (no need to log out). The
configuration is distribution dependent, but for Debian you use:
"dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xfree86".
Alternatively, you can start X with completely different XF86Config-4
files for each situation.
man XFree86
and read about switching config files described under:
I would reccommend the first option. And remember to switch monitors
with Fn+F8 (with a simple refresh fix at:
http://geocities.com/randomnumbergenerator2001/#FAQ )
On Sat, 2005-02-12 at 09:49 -0600, Dustin C. Hatch wrote:
> I have an Inspiron 1100 and I was wondering if someone could point me in
> the correct direction for setting up both an external and the internal
> LCD monitor. What I would like is for the external monitor to use
> 1600x1200 resolution with a DisplaySize of 450 350 and the internal
> monitor to use 1024x768 with the default DisplaySize. I attempted to
> create different screen and monitor definitions in xorg.conf, but it
> didn't work.
> I don't want both monitors on at the same time, I just want to be able
> to unhook the lappy from the external monitor and take off with the
> aforementioned settings. Is this possible? If so, could someone tell
> me about some docs somewhere or something. Thanks in advance.
> Here is my specs
> Inspiron 1100
> Gentoo Linux 2.6.10-r6
> X.org 6.8.0
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Yonatan Sindel
- Ultra-Orthodox ministers visit with ailing rabbi convicted of sex offensestimesofisrael.com
- Convicted sex offender rabbi set for early prison releasetimesofisrael.com
- Parole board recommends early release for sex offender rabbitimesofisrael.com
- Security Cabinet decides not to release bodies of Hamas terroristsYnetnews
- Zionist Union calls for referendum on whether to annex West Banktimesofisrael.com
- Popular rabbi convicted of sexual assault sentenced to 18 monthstimesofisrael.com
- Fugitive rabbi convicted of sexual assault in plea dealtimesofisrael.com
- Security Expert Says Israel Must Beware of Russiahamodia.comTehran , United States , Iraq , Lebanon , Syria
- Abbas congratulates Trump, urges him to pursue peace dealtimesofisrael.com
- Inside the Samaritan high priest's fruity sukkah, literallytimesofisrael.com
- Thursday the rabbi saved his jobtimesofisrael.com
- 90% of Israeli Jews call themselves Zionists, Herzl Day poll findsThe Jerusalem Post (JPost.com)
- Israeli windsurfers denied visas to go to Malaysiatimesofisrael.com
- Outages and flash flood warnings as first rains soak Israeltimesofisrael.com
- Gov't acting against IsraelYnetnews
- Colors in the black and white Israeli photographerThe Jerusalem Post (JPost.com)
- Justice minister renews bid to lock up rock throwers for 20 yearstimesofisrael.comJerusalem , West Bank , East Jerusalem , Palestine , Israel
- Transient gov't bad for allYnetnews
- Sandstorm grounds flights as rain, snow barrel intimesofisrael.com
- Israel battens down the hatches as large storm moves intimesofisrael.comJerusalem , Golan Heights , Mount Hermon , Tel Aviv , Israel
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text:
100 of the Best Films in the 1940s
Log in to copy items to your own lists.
The Third Man (1949)
Pulp novelist Holly Martins travels to shadowy, postwar Vienna, only to find himself investigating the mysterious death of an old friend, Harry Lime. (104 mins.)
Director: Carol Reed
Stars: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, Trevor Howard
Bicycle Thieves (1948)
In post-war Italy, a working-class man's bicycle is stolen. He and his son set out to find it. (89 mins.)
To Be or Not to Be (1942)
During the Nazi occupation of Poland, an acting troupe becomes embroiled in a Polish soldier's efforts to track down a German spy. (99 mins.)
Director: Ernst Lubitsch
Stars: Carole Lombard, Jack Benny, Robert Stack, Felix Bressart
The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
A poor Midwest family is forced off their land. They travel to California, suffering the misfortunes of the homeless in the Great Depression. (129 mins.)
Director: John Ford
The Great Dictator (1940)
Dictator Adenoid Hynkel tries to expand his empire while a poor Jewish barber tries to avoid persecution from Hynkel's regime. (125 mins.)
Director: Charles Chaplin
Gaslight (1944)
Years after her aunt was murdered in her home, a young woman moves back into the house with her new husband. However, he has a secret that he will do anything to protect, even if it means driving his wife insane. (114 mins.)
The Lost Weekend (1945)
The desperate life of a chronic alcoholic is followed through a four-day drinking bout. (101 mins.)
Stars: Ray Milland, Jane Wyman, Phillip Terry, Howard Da Silva
Double Indemnity (1944)
An insurance representative lets himself be talked into a murder/insurance fraud scheme that arouses an insurance investigator's suspicions. (107 mins.)
Children of Paradise (1945)
The theatrical life of a beautiful courtesan and the four men who love her. (189 mins.)
Director: Marcel Carné
Ossessione (1943)
Gino, a drifter, begins an affair with inn-owner Giovanna as they plan to get rid of her older husband. (140 mins.)
Director: Luchino Visconti
Shoeshine (1946)
Two shoeshine boys in postwar Rome, Italy, save up to buy a horse, but their involvement as dupes in a burglary lands them in juvenile prison where the experience take a devastating toll on their friendship. (93 mins.)
Record of a Tenement Gentleman (1947)
In post-war Japan, a man brings a lost boy to his tenement. No one wants to take the child for even one night; finally... (72 mins.)
Director: Yasujirô Ozu
Stars: Chôko Iida, Hôhi Aoki, Eitarô Ozawa, Mitsuko Yoshikawa
Macbeth (1948)
In 11th century Scotland, nobleman Macbeth and his wife plot to murder the king and usurp the throne in order to fulfill an evil prophecy made by three witches. (92 mins.)
Germany Year Zero (1948)
A young German boy faces the problems of the tough life in the immediate post WWII Berlin. (78 mins.)
Citizen Kane (1941)
Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. (119 mins.)
Stray Dog (1949)
During a sweltering summer, a rookie homicide detective tries to track down his stolen Colt pistol. (122 mins.)
Director: Akira Kurosawa
Stars: Toshirô Mifune, Takashi Shimura, Keiko Awaji, Eiko Miyoshi
Brute Force (1947)
At a tough penitentiary, prisoner Joe Collins plans to rebel against Captain Munsey, the power-mad chief guard. (98 mins.)
Director: Jules Dassin
A Foreign Affair (1948)
In occupied Berlin, an army captain is torn between an ex-Nazi café singer and the U.S. congresswoman investigating her. (116 mins.)
Stars: Jean Arthur, Marlene Dietrich, John Lund, Millard Mitchell
Paisan (1946)
Six vignettes follow the Allied invasion from July 1943 to winter 1944, from Sicily north to Venice... (126 mins.)
Stars: Carmela Sazio, Gar Moore, William Tubbs, Robert Van Loon
Scarlet Street (1945)
When a man in mid-life crisis befriends a young woman, her venal fiancé persuades her to con him out of the fortune they mistakenly assume he possesses. (103 mins.)
Director: Fritz Lang
The Woman in the Window (1944)
When a conservative middle-aged professor engages in a minor dalliance with a femme fatale, he is plunged into a nightmarish quicksand of blackmail and murder. (107 mins.)
Director: Fritz Lang
The Spiral Staircase (1946)
In 1916, a shadowy serial killer is targeting women with "afflictions"; one night during a thunderstorm, the mute Helen feels menaced. (83 mins.)
Director: Robert Siodmak
Stars: Dorothy McGuire, George Brent, Ethel Barrymore, Kent Smith
The Sea Wolf (1941)
Humphrey van Weyden, a writer, and fugitives Ruth Webster and George Leach have been given refuge aboard... (100 mins.)
Day of Wrath (1943)
The young wife of an aging priest falls in love with his son amidst the horror of a merciless witch hunt in 17th century Denmark. (97 mins.)
Director: Carl Theodor Dreyer
The Little Foxes (1941)
The ruthless, moneyed Hubbard clan lives in, and poisons, their part of the deep South at the turn of the twentieth century. (116 mins.)
Director: William Wyler
Bitter Rice (1949)
Francesca and Walter are two-bit criminals in Northern Italy, and, in an effort to avoid the police... (108 mins.)
Director: Giuseppe De Santis
Der Ruf (1949)
(100 mins.)
Director: Josef von Báky
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
Fred Dobbs and Bob Curtin, two Americans searching for work in Mexico, convince an old prospector to help them mine for gold in the Sierra Madre Mountains. (126 mins.)
Stars: Humphrey Bogart, Walter Huston, Tim Holt, Bruce Bennett
Out of the Past (1947)
A private eye escapes his past to run a gas station in a small town, but his past catches up with him. Now he must return to the big city world of danger, corruption, double crosses and duplicitous dames. (97 mins.)
Director: Jacques Tourneur
Stars: Robert Mitchum, Jane Greer, Kirk Douglas, Rhonda Fleming
Key Largo (1948)
A man visits his old friend's hotel and finds a gangster running things. As a hurricane approaches, the two end up confronting each other. (100 mins.)
The Maltese Falcon (1941)
A private detective takes on a case that involves him with three eccentric criminals, a gorgeous liar, and their quest for a priceless statuette. (100 mins.)
Stars: Humphrey Bogart, Mary Astor, Gladys George, Peter Lorre
Adam's Rib (1949)
Domestic and professional tensions mount when a husband and wife work as opposing lawyers in a case involving a woman who shot her husband. (101 mins.)
Stars: Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, Judy Holliday, Tom Ewell
All My Sons (1948)
During WW2, industrialist Joe Keller commits a crime and frames his business partner Herbert Deever but years later his sin comes back to haunt him when Joe's son plans to marry Deever's daughter. (94 mins.)
Director: Irving Reis
Odd Man Out (1947)
A wounded Irish nationalist leader attempts to evade police following a failed robbery. Action takes place in Belfast, Northern Ireland. (116 mins.)
Director: Carol Reed
Stars: James Mason, Robert Newton, Cyril Cusack, F.J. McCormick
The Big Sleep (1946)
Private detective Philip Marlowe is hired by a rich family. Before the complex case is over, he's seen murder, blackmail, and what might be love. (114 mins.)
Director: Howard Hawks
Rome, Open City (1945)
During the Nazi occupation of Rome in 1944, resistance leader Giorgio Manfredi is chased by Nazis and he seeks refuge and escape. (103 mins.)
Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948)
A pianist about to flee from a duel receives a letter from a woman he cannot remember, who may hold the key to his downfall. (87 mins.)
Director: Max Opuls
The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946)
A ruthless, domineering woman is married to an alcoholic D.A., her childhood companion and the only living witness to her murder of her rich aunt seventeen years earlier. (116 mins.)
Director: Lewis Milestone
Stars: Barbara Stanwyck, Van Heflin, Lizabeth Scott, Kirk Douglas
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)
Encouraged by her idealistic if luckless father, a bright and imaginative young woman comes of age in a Brooklyn tenement during the early 1900s. (129 mins.)
Director: Elia Kazan
Stars: Dorothy McGuire, Joan Blondell, James Dunn, Lloyd Nolan
Scott of the Antarctic (1948)
The story of British explorer Robert Falcon Scott's 1912 expedition and his quest to be the first to reach the South Pole in Antarctica. (111 mins.)
Director: Charles Frend
Stars: John Mills, Derek Bond, Diana Churchill, Harold Warrender
The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946)
A married woman and a drifter fall in love, then plot to murder her husband. Once the deed is done, they must live with the consequences of their actions. (113 mins.)
Director: Tay Garnett
Stars: Lana Turner, John Garfield, Cecil Kellaway, Hume Cronyn
The Lady from Shanghai (1947)
Fascinated by gorgeous Mrs. Bannister, seaman Michael O'Hara joins a bizarre yachting cruise, and ends up mired in a complex murder plot. (87 mins.)
Stars: Rita Hayworth, Orson Welles, Everett Sloane, Glenn Anders
Spellbound (1945)
A psychiatrist protects the identity of an amnesia patient accused of murder while attempting to recover his memory. (111 mins.)
Murderers Among Us (1946)
After returning from a concentration camp, Susanne finds an ex-soldier living in her apartment. Together the two try to move past their experiences during WWII. (85 mins.)
Director: Wolfgang Staudte
Stars: Hildegard Knef, Elly Burgmer, Erna Sellmer, Hilde Adolphi
Manpower (1941)
Hank McHenry and Johnny Marshall work on a road crew for the power company. In a freak accident Hank is injured and is promoted to foreman of the gang... (104 mins.)
Kiss of Death (1947)
With his law-breaking lifestyle in the past, an ex-con, along with his family, attempt to start a new life, knowing a betrayed someone from the past is bound to see otherwise. (99 mins.)
Director: Henry Hathaway
Stars: Victor Mature, Brian Donlevy, Coleen Gray, Richard Widmark
Gilda (1946)
A small-time gambler hired to work in a Buenos Aires casino learns that his ex-lover is married to his employer. (110 mins.)
Director: Charles Vidor
Stars: Rita Hayworth, Glenn Ford, George Macready, Joseph Calleia
The Punch Bowl (1944)
A successful writer, home-schooled in his youth, masquerades as a student at a secondary school to experience all the fun and pranks he missed out on. (97 mins.)
Director: Helmut Weiss
Stars: Heinz Rühmann, Karin Himboldt, Hilde Sessak, Erich Ponto
Reap the Wild Wind (1942)
Florida ship salvager, Loxi, falls for Jack, captain of a ship wrecked on the Key West shore. However, their romance is complicated by the arrival of another suitor, and eventually leads to tragedy. (123 mins.)
Director: Cecil B. De Mille
Stars: Ray Milland, John Wayne, Paulette Goddard, Raymond Massey
The Pride of the Yankees (1942)
The story of the life and career of the famed baseball player, Lou Gehrig. (128 mins.)
Director: Sam Wood
Stars: Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, Babe Ruth, Walter Brennan
Easter Parade (1948)
A nightclub performer hires a naive chorus girl to become his new dance partner to make his former partner jealous and to prove he can make any partner a star. (107 mins.)
Director: Charles Walters
Stars: Judy Garland, Fred Astaire, Peter Lawford, Ann Miller
On the Town (1949)
Three sailors on a day of shore leave in New York City look for fun and romance before their twenty-four hours are up. (98 mins.)
Director: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly
Stars: Gene Kelly, Frank Sinatra, Betty Garrett, Ann Miller
Penny Serenade (1941)
A couple's big dreams give way to a life full of unexpected sadness and unexpected joy. (119 mins.)
Director: George Stevens
Stars: Cary Grant, Irene Dunne, Beulah Bondi, Edgar Buchanan
Jour de Fete (1949)
Once a year the fair comes for one day to the little town 'Sainte-Severe-sur-Indre'. All inhabitants are scoffing at Francois... (70 mins.)
Director: Jacques Tati
Stars: Jacques Tati, Guy Decomble, Paul Frankeur, Santa Relli
Casablanca (1942)
In Casablanca in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate encounters a former lover, with unforeseen complications. (102 mins.)
Rope (1948)
Two young men strangle their "inferior" classmate, hide his body in their apartment, and invite his friends and family to a dinner party as a means to challenge the "perfection" of their crime. (80 mins.)
Stars: James Stewart, John Dall, Farley Granger, Edith Evanson
It's a Wonderful Life (1946)
An angel is sent from Heaven to help a desperately frustrated businessman by showing him what life would have been like if he had never existed. (130 mins.)
Director: Frank Capra
Notorious (1946)
A woman is asked to spy on a group of Nazi friends in South America. How far will she have to go to ingratiate herself with them? (101 mins.)
Stars: Cary Grant, Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Louis Calhern
Woman of the Year (1942)
Rival reporters Sam and Tess fall in love and get married, only to find their relationship strained when Sam comes to resent Tess' hectic lifestyle. (114 mins.)
Director: George Stevens
Rebecca (1940)
A self-conscious bride is tormented by the memory of her husband's dead first wife. (130 mins.)
The Philadelphia Story (1940)
When a rich woman's ex-husband and a tabloid-type reporter turn up just before her planned remarriage, she begins to learn the truth about herself. (112 mins.)
Stars: Cary Grant, Katharine Hepburn, James Stewart, Ruth Hussey
Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
A reporter pretends to be Jewish in order to cover a story on anti-Semitism, and personally discovers the true depths of bigotry and hatred. (118 mins.)
Director: Elia Kazan
Stars: Gregory Peck, Dorothy McGuire, John Garfield, Celeste Holm
Red River (1948)
Dunson leads a cattle drive, the culmination of over 14 years of work, to its destination in Missouri. But his tyrannical behavior along the way causes a mutiny, led by his adopted son. (133 mins.)
Director: Howard Hawks, Arthur Rosson
Stars: John Wayne, Montgomery Clift, Joanne Dru, Walter Brennan
Oliver Twist (1948)
An orphan named Oliver Twist meets a pickpocket on the streets of London. From there, he joins a household of boys who are trained to steal for their master. (116 mins.)
Director: David Lean
Dark Passage (1947)
A man convicted of murdering his wife escapes from prison and works with a woman to try and prove his innocence. (106 mins.)
Director: Delmer Daves
Suspicion (1941)
A shy young heiress marries a charming gentleman, and soon begins to suspect he is planning to murder her. (99 mins.)
Stars: Cary Grant, Joan Fontaine, Cedric Hardwicke, Nigel Bruce
Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949)
A distant poor relative of the Duke of D'Ascoyne plots to inherit the title by murdering the eight other heirs who stand ahead of him in the line of succession. (106 mins.)
Director: Robert Hamer
High Sierra (1941)
After being released from prison, notorious thief Roy Earle is hired by his old boss to help a group of inexperienced criminals plan and carry out the robbery of a California resort. (100 mins.)
Stars: Ida Lupino, Humphrey Bogart, Alan Curtis, Arthur Kennedy
Too Late for Tears (1949)
Through a fluke circumstance a ruthless woman stumbles across a suitcase filled with $60,000, and she is determined to hold onto it even it if means murder. (99 mins.)
Director: Byron Haskin
Stars: Lizabeth Scott, Don DeFore, Dan Duryea, Arthur Kennedy
His Girl Friday (1940)
A newspaper editor uses every trick in the book to keep his ace reporter ex-wife from remarrying. (92 mins.)
Director: Howard Hawks
Stars: Cary Grant, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Bellamy, Gene Lockhart
Life with Father (1947)
A financier from New York rules his numerous family, consisting of his wife and his four sons, with the meticulousness of a bookkeeper. (118 mins.)
Yellow Sky (1948)
A pistol-packing tomboy and her grandfather discover a band of bank robbing bandits taking refuge in the neighboring ghost town. (98 mins.)
Director: William A. Wellman
Stars: Gregory Peck, Anne Baxter, Richard Widmark, Robert Arthur
The Three Musketeers (1948)
D'Artagnan and his musketeer comrades thwart the plans of Royal Prime Minister Richelieu to usurp the King's power. (125 mins.)
Director: George Sidney
Stars: Lana Turner, Gene Kelly, June Allyson, Van Heflin
Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)
In the year leading up to the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, the four Smith daughters learn lessons of life and love, even as they prepare for a reluctant move to New York. (113 mins.)
Director: Vincente Minnelli
Stars: Judy Garland, Margaret O'Brien, Mary Astor, Lucille Bremer
The Ox-Bow Incident (1943)
When a posse catches up three men suspected of killing a local farmer, some of them become strongly divided on whether or not to lynch the men. (75 mins.)
Director: William A. Wellman
Stars: Henry Fonda, Dana Andrews, Mary Beth Hughes, Anthony Quinn
The Children Are Watching Us (1944)
A four-year old boy, Pricò, becomes the subject of emotional folly by his fluctuant parents and inattentive relatives. (84 mins.)
The Sea Hawk (1940)
Geoffrey Thorpe, a buccaneer, is hired by Queen Elizabeth I to nag the Spanish Armada. The Armada is waiting for the attack on England and Thorpe surprises them with attacks on their galleons where he shows his skills on the sword. (127 mins.)
Stars: Errol Flynn, Brenda Marshall, Claude Rains, Donald Crisp
The Berliner (1948)
After he has luckily survived the war, Otto tries to build up his new life in the remains of Berlin. (89 mins.)
Director: R.A. Stemmle
Stars: Gert Fröbe, Tatjana Sais, Ute Sielisch, Aribert Wäscher
Song of the South (1946)
The kindly story-teller Uncle Remus tells a young boy stories about trickster Br'er Rabbit, who outwits Br'er Fox and slow-witted Br'er Bear. (94 mins.)
Director: Harve Foster, Wilfred Jackson
Stars: Ruth Warrick, Bobby Driscoll, James Baskett, Luana Patten
The Stranger (1946)
An investigator from the War Crimes Commission travels to Connecticut to find an infamous Nazi. (95 mins.)
Le Corbeau (1943)
French village doctor becomes target of poison-pen letters sent to village leaders, accusing him of affairs and practicing abortion. (92 mins.)
Director: Henri Georges Clouzot
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941)
Dr. Jekyll allows his dark side to run wild when he drinks a potion that turns him into the evil Mr. Hyde. (113 mins.)
Director: Victor Fleming
Stars: Spencer Tracy, Ingrid Bergman, Lana Turner, Donald Crisp
Duel in the Sun (1946)
Beautiful half-breed Pearl Chavez becomes the ward of her dead father's first love and finds herself torn between her sons, one good and the other bad. (129 mins.)
Director: King Vidor
The Yearling (1946)
A boy persuades his parents to allow him to adopt a young deer, but what will happen if the deer misbehaves? (128 mins.)
Director: Clarence Brown
Stars: Gregory Peck, Jane Wyman, Claude Jarman Jr., Chill Wills
The Bride Came C.O.D. (1941)
A financially-strapped charter pilot hires himself to an oil tycoon to kidnap his madcap daughter and prevent her from marrying a vapid band leader. (92 mins.)
Director: William Keighley
Stars: James Cagney, Bette Davis, Stuart Erwin, Eugene Pallette
They Drive by Night (1940)
Two brothers struggle as wildcat truck drivers; one comes to harm, the other is accused of his friend's murder. (95 mins.)
Stars: George Raft, Humphrey Bogart, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino
Saboteur (1942)
Aircraft factory worker Barry Kane goes on the run across the United States when he is wrongly accused of starting a fire that killed his best friend. (109 mins.)
Stars: Priscilla Lane, Robert Cummings, Otto Kruger, Alan Baxter
Captain Kidd (1945)
The unhistorical adventures of pirate Captain Kidd revolve around treasure and treachery. (90 mins.)
Director: Rowland V. Lee
Heaven Can Wait (1943)
An old roué arrives in Hades to review his life with Satan, who will rule on his eligibility to enter the Underworld. (112 mins.)
Director: Ernst Lubitsch
Stars: Gene Tierney, Don Ameche, Charles Coburn, Marjorie Main
A Chump at Oxford (1940)
As a reward for capturing a bank robber, Stan and Ollie get scholarship to Oxford, but are met with resentment by other students. (63 mins.)
Director: Alfred Goulding
Stars: Stan Laurel, Oliver Hardy, Forrester Harvey, Wilfred Lucas
Song of Love (1947)
Composer Robert Schumann struggles to compose his symphonies while his loving wife Clara offers her support... (119 mins.)
Director: Clarence Brown
Hold That Ghost (1941)
Two bumbling service station attendants are left as the sole beneficiaries in a gangster's will. Their... (86 mins.)
Director: Arthur Lubin
Stars: Bud Abbott, Lou Costello, Richard Carlson, Joan Davis
All the King's Men (1949)
The rise and fall of a corrupt politician, who makes his friends richer and retains power by dint of a populist appeal. (110 mins.)
Director: Robert Rossen
Stars: Broderick Crawford, John Ireland, Joanne Dru, John Derek
Mildred Pierce (1945)
A hard-working mother inches towards disaster as she divorces her husband and starts a successful restaurant business to support her spoiled daughter. (111 mins.)
Stars: Joan Crawford, Jack Carson, Zachary Scott, Eve Arden
Arsenic and Old Lace (1944)
A drama critic learns on his wedding day that his beloved maiden aunts are homicidal maniacs, and that insanity runs in his family. (118 mins.)
Director: Frank Capra
Stars: Cary Grant, Priscilla Lane, Raymond Massey, Jack Carson
Pursued (1947)
Brought up by a neighboring family in the 1880s, an orphan grows up haunted by nightmares of a childhood trauma in which his own family was killed. (101 mins.)
Monsieur Verdoux (1947)
A suave but cynical man supports his family by marrying and murdering rich women for their money, but the job has some occupational hazards. (124 mins.)
Director: Charles Chaplin
Drunken Angel (1948)
A drunken doctor with a hot temper and a violence-prone gangster with tuberculosis form a quicksilver bond. (98 mins.)
Director: Akira Kurosawa
3 Godfathers (1948)
When 3 outlaws on the run find a dying woman and her newborn baby in the desert they vow to save the child. (106 mins.)
Director: John Ford
Stars: John Wayne, Pedro Armendáriz, Harry Carey Jr., Ward Bond
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943)
During the Spanish Civil War, an American allied with the Republicans finds romance during a desperate mission to blow up a strategically important bridge. (170 mins.)
Director: Sam Wood


text:
IET Circuits, Devices & Systems
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IET Circuits, Devices & Systems covers the following topics:
Circuit theory and design, circuit analysis and simulation, computer aided design; filters (analogue and switched capacitor); circuit implementations, cells and architectures for integration including VLSI; testability, fault tolerant design, minimisation of circuits and CAD for VLSI; novel or improved electronic devices for both traditional and emerging technologies including nanoelectronics and MEMs, device and process characterisation, device parameter extraction schemes; mathematics of circuits and systems theory; test and measurement techniques involving electronic circuits, circuits for industrial applications, sensors and transducers.
Latest Published Articles
Design of non-restoring divider in quantum-dot cellular automata technologyThu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017
Sub-threshold level converter with internal supply feedback for multi-voltage applicationsThu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017
High-performance VLSI architectures for M-PSK modemsThu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017
Fully-balanced four-terminal floating nullor for ultra-low voltage analogue filter designThu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017
Multiple memristor series–parallel connections with use in synaptic circuit designThu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017
Popular Articles
Graphene-based biosensors: methods, analysis and future perspectivesThu Dec 03 00:00:00 EST 2015 Thu Dec 03 00:00:00 EST 2015
Thermal image processing for real-time non-contact respiration rate monitoringThu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 Thu Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017
Reversible logic-based image steganography using quantum dot cellular automata for secure nanocommunicationThu Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2017 Thu Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2017
Dynamics and control of voltage multiplier cells integrated boost converterThu Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2017 Thu Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2017
On the realisation of canonic single-resistance-controlled oscillators using third generation current conveyorsThu Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2017 Thu Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2017
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Popular Documents (March 2017)
Graphene-based biosensors: methods, analysis and future perspectives
Graphene (GN), a single layer two-dimensional structure nanomaterial, exhibits exceptional physical, electrical and chemical properties that lead to many applications from electronics to biomedicine. The unique parameters of GN, notably its considerable electron mobility, thermal conductivity, high surface area and electrical conductivity, are bringing heightened attention into biomedical applicat... View full abstract»
Thermal image processing for real-time non-contact respiration rate monitoring
A real-time thermal imaging based, non-contact respiration rate monitoring method was developed. It measured the respiration related skin surface temperature changes under the tip of the nose. Facial tracking was required as head movements caused the face to appear in different locations in the recorded images over time. The algorithm detected the tip of the nose and then, a region just under it w... View full abstract»
Reversible logic-based image steganography using quantum dot cellular automata for secure nanocommunication
This study introduces a novel architecture for image steganography using reversible logic based on quantum dot cellular automata (QCA). Feynman gate is used to achieve the reversible encoder and decoder for image steganography. A Nanocommunication circuit for image steganography is shown using proposed encoder/decoder circuit. The proposed QCA circuits have lower quantum cost than traditional desi... View full abstract»
Dynamics and control of voltage multiplier cells integrated boost converter
This paper presents a reduced order sliding mode controller based on hysteresis modulation for a boost converter with single voltage multiplier cell (VMC) operating in continuous conduction mode. Although VMC integrated boost converter improves the static gain without extreme duty cycle, it increases the number of components which in turn increases the order of the system. Due to complexity in con... View full abstract»
On the realisation of canonic single-resistance-controlled oscillators using third generation current conveyors
This study presents findings of a search on canonic single-resistance-controlled oscillators (SRCOs) using third generation current conveyors (CCIIIs). From seven identified canonic SRCOs, five are completely new. All seven canonic SRCOs use two CCIIIs, two grounded capacitors and three resistors. The condition of oscillation and frequency of oscillations are decoupled and simple. The workability ... View full abstract»
High-performance VLSI architectures for M-PSK modems
M-PSK (phase shift keying) modulation schemes are used in many high-speed applications like satellite communication, as they are more bandwidth and power efficient compared with other schemes. This study presents very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) architectures for modulators and demodulators of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8PSK and 16PSK systems, based on the principle of direct... View full abstract»
Contactless power transmission for NFC antennas in credit-card size format
Wireless energy transmission is a key element in Contactless HF Communication Technologies, such as radio frequency identification or near field communication (NFC). This power aspect differentiates the technology from conventional wireless communication. The authors consider the circuit model as a lumped-element description with a coupled-transformer field model to formulate a representation of t... View full abstract»
Is graphene a good transparent electrode for photovoltaics and display applications?
The current standard material used for transparent electrodes in displays, touch screens and solar cells is indium tin oxide (ITO) which has low sheet resistance (10 Ω/□), high optical transmission in the visible wavelength (85%) and does not suffer of optical haze. However, ITO is mechanically rigid and incompatible with future demands for flexible applications. Graphene materials s... View full abstract»
Dataflow object detection system for FPGA-based smart camera
Embedded computer vision based smart systems raise challenging issues in many research fields, including real-time vision processing, communication protocols or distributed algorithms. The amount of data generated by cameras using high resolution image sensors requires powerful computing systems to be processed at digital video frame rates. Consequently, the design of efficient and flexible smart ... View full abstract»
Low-power secure S-box circuit using charge-sharing symmetric adiabatic logic for advanced encryption standard hardware design
Cited by: Papers (1)
The previously proposed charge-sharing symmetric adiabatic logic (CSSAL) in an 8-bit S-box circuit is implemented in this paper using a multi-stage positive polarity Reed-Muller representation with a composite field technique. The CSSAL and other conventional dual-rail adiabatic logics are evaluated from the view point of the transitional power fluctuation and the peak current traces in the 8-bit ... View full abstract»
AS8-static random access memory (SRAM): asymmetric SRAM architecture for soft error hardening enhancement
Soft errors in semiconductor memories occur due to charged particle strikes on sensitive nodes. Technology and voltage scaling increased dramatically the susceptibility of static random access memories (SRAMs) to soft errors. In this study, the authors present AS8-SRAM, a new asymmetric memory cell that enhances the soft error resilience of SRAMs by increasing the cells critical charge. They run S... View full abstract»
Simplified topology for integrated circuit buffer behavioural models
This paper addresses the behavioural modelling of digital integrated circuit buffers for performance assessment of high-speed data links. A new modelling technique, with several important advantages is described. All the requirements of black-box identification are met: the approach relies exclusively on the observation of the external port voltages and currents, thus allowing the extraction of mo... View full abstract»
Ultralow-power fast-transient output-capacitor-less low-dropout regulator with advanced adaptive biasing circuitXi Qu ; Ze-kun Zhou ; Bo ZhangPublication Year: 2015, Page(s):172 - 180
An ultra-low-power fast-transient output-capacitor-less low-dropout regulator (LDO) with advanced adaptive biasing (AAB) circuit is presented in this study. At light load, the AAB circuit only delivers 0.1 μA bias current to the amplifier to maintain the stability and reduce the quiescent current. At medium load to heavy load, the AAB circuit increases bias current to 2.5 μA for perf... View full abstract»
Adaptive line voltage compensation scheme for a source-driving controlled AC–DC LED driver
A primary-side controlled high-precision constant current AC-DC LED driver, based on source-driving control scheme, is designed for low-power LED-lighting applications in this study. The ratio between demagnetisation time TDemag and switching period TS and the primary peak current are remained constant by the proposed control IC, obtaining constant current outpu... View full abstract»
Multiple memristor series–parallel connections with use in synaptic circuit design
With the increase of research interest on memristors, various single or multiple memristor configurations have been integrated with advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconducor technology, which promises efficient implementations of synaptic connections in neuromorphic computing systems, or computing elements in signal processing systems. In this study, multiple memristors, both in series and p... View full abstract»
Design of ultra-low noise, wideband low-noise amplifier for highly survival radar receiver
High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) play a crucial role in microwave low-noise amplifier (LNA) and are used in radar receiver, software defined radio and digital radio frequency. A novel technique is used to design and fabricate a high-performance wideband LNA for 5.4-5.9 GHz based on fully stabilised InGaAs pseudo-morphic HEMT (pHEMT) 0.15 μm technology. With the Agilent Advanced De... View full abstract»
Fully-balanced four-terminal floating nullor for ultra-low voltage analogue filter design
This study presents a new complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) structure for a fully balanced four-terminal floating nullor (FBFTFN) which is suitable for ultra-low-voltage and low-power applications. This structure employs a bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate (BD-QFG) metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor technique to provide the capability of ultra-low-voltage, low-power operations as well... View full abstract»
Low noise, −50 dB second harmonic distortion single-ended to differential switched-capacitive variable gain amplifier for ultrasound imaging
A low noise, low power, single-ended to differential switched-capacitor variable gain amplifier (SC-VGA) is designed and fabricated in 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology for a 2-6 MHz second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging system. The SC-VGA has 10-bit dB-linear gain steps from -14 to 32 dB which are distributed into two stages, and each stage has a single-stage ... View full abstract»
Analysis and design of class
Epower amplifier considering MOSFET parasitic input and output capacitances
In this study, design theory and analysis for the class E power amplifier (PA), considering the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) parasitic input and output capacitances, are proposed. The input resistance and capacitances cause non-ideal input voltage at gate terminal, which affect the specifications of the class E PA. In the proposed study, non-linear drain... View full abstract»
Current and voltage transfer function filters using a single active device
Cited by: Papers (5)
In this study, current and voltage transfer function filters using single active component, namely, current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) are presented. The proposed structures are a single-input three outputs (SITO) current-transfer function filter, a single-input four-output (SIFO) voltage transfer function filter and three-input single-output (TISO) voltage transfer function filter... View full abstract»
A new approach for designing compressors with a new hardware-friendly mathematical method for multi-input XOR gates
This study presents a new scalable mathematical approach for designing compressors with any arbitrary number of inputs using multi-input threshold gates, behaving as exclusive-OR (XOR). This study relates the theoretical concept to hardware implementation. The methodology is exploited for 3:2, 7:3, and 15:4 compressors, and then implemented by using input capacitors (or resistors) and threshold de... View full abstract»
Design of a ±0.15 dB accurate baseband detector for FMCW radars employing inherent PVT cancellation
This study presents design methodologies for high accuracy baseband detectors for use in automatic gain control (AGC) loops. These loops are used in many applications to stabilise the signal level in a transceiver chain. In a wireless frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar receiver for example, it is desired to maintain a constant baseband signal level at the receiver output prior to the... View full abstract»
Generalised operational floating current conveyor based instrumentation amplifier
This paper proposes two generalised instrumentation amplifier topologies which can operate in voltage, current, transadmittance, and transimpedance mode. Each topology is a two stage structure, wherein an amplifier is used as first stage in the first topology and a converter is employed in the second one. The second stage is difference amplifier for both the structures. The theoretical proposition... View full abstract»
Reliability enhancement of a steep slope tunnel transistor based ring oscillator designs with circuit interaction
Tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) have emerged as one of the most promising post-CMOS technologies for digital, analogue and RF designs. However, it has been demonstrated by several researchers that TFET circuits face increased on-state Miller capacitance effect, which leads to poor transient characteristics with large overshoots and undershoots. This would minimise the reliability of TFET c... View full abstract»
Dual-band RFID tag antenna based on the Hilbert-curve fractal for HF and UHF applicationsMohammad Alibakhshi-Kenari ; Mohammad Naser-Moghadasi ; Ramazan Ali Sadeghzadeh ; Bal S. Virdee ; Ernesto LimitiPublication Year: 2016, Page(s):140 - 146
A novel single-radiator card-type tag is proposed which is constructed using a series Hilbert-curve loop and matched stub for high frequency (HF)/ultra high frequency (UHF) dual-band radio frequency identification (RFID) positioning applications. This is achieved by merging the series Hilbert-curve for implementing the HF coil antenna, and square loop structure for implementing the UHF antenna to ... View full abstract»
Lithography technology for advanced devices and introduction to integrated CAD analysis for hotspot detection
Optical projection lithography has been the workhorse of the integrate circuit (IC) manufacturing industry to transfer the computer-aided design (CAD) to semiconducting material wafers. The resolution limit of the 193 nm wavelength lithography which was initially targeted for the 90 nm design rule has been further extended to realise ~10-20 nm devices with ingenious interventions. The three-dimens... View full abstract»
Study on effect of back oxide thickness variation in FDSOI MOSFET on analogue circuit performance
In this study, the analogue performance of radio-frequency (RF) range amplifiers and ring oscillators designed using fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is studied for different back oxide (BOX) thickness. The analysis exemplifies the need for BOX thickness variation analysis for the superior analogue/RF performance. The analogue... View full abstract»
Process variations aware area efficient negative bit-line voltage scheme for improving write ability of SRAM in nanometer technologies
Cited by: Papers (6) | Patents (1)
The increased device variations, lower supply voltages have enforced the usage of write-assist circuits in static random access memory (SRAMs) in the nano-complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) regime. Negative bit-line scheme during write has been found one of the most promising write-assist solutions. A new low power, negative bit-line scheme is presented. The presented negative bit-line... View full abstract»
Inter-coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture reconfiguration technique for efficient pipelining of kernel-stream on coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture-based multi-core architecture
Coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (CGRA)-based multi-core architecture aims at achieving high performance by kernel-level parallelism (KLP). However, the existing CGRA-based multi-core architectures suffer from high energy consumption and performance bottleneck when trying to exploit the KLP because of poor resource utilisation caused by insufficient flexibility. In this study, the author... View full abstract»
Sub-threshold level converter with internal supply feedback for multi-voltage applications
A new sub-threshold level shifter for ultra-low voltage digital systems is presented in this study. The self-controlled supply feedback loop is quintessential for this circuit. Measured results from a test chip show that it is capable of realising a voltage conversion from a voltage as low as 0.1-1.2 V reliably, while maintaining an operational frequency of 25.2 kHz, when implemented in a 65-nm pr... View full abstract»
High-voltage on-chip current sensor design and analysis for battery modules
Large current sensing in a high-voltage (HV) battery module or string is hard to be realised on-chip. Thus, it is a disadvantage for the system to be miniaturised. A current sensor with a HV sense stage on silicon for HV battery modules is designed and analysed in this investigation. The proposed HV current sensor takes advantage of HV CMOS processes and resolves the problems caused by the voltage... View full abstract»
Efficient self-powered convertor with digitally controlled oscillator-based adaptive maximum power point tracking and RF kick-start for ultralow-voltage thermoelectric energy harvesting
A self-powered convertor for thermoelectric energy harvesting in body sensor nodes (BSNs) is designed to boost extremely low voltage to the typical supply voltage of BSNs. An adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is achieved by adjusting the switching frequency according to the relation between the half open-circuit voltage of thermoelectric ge... View full abstract»
Low-power high-speed performance of current-mode logic D flip-flop topology using negative-differential-resistance devices
Cited by: Papers (6)
The low-power/high-speed performance of current-mode logic (CML) D flip-flops based on negative-differential-resistance (NDR) devices is presented. The device count used in the fabricated circuit has been significantly reduced by using the NDR-based D flip-flop topology, leading to enhanced low-power/high-speed performance. The operation of the fabricated NDR-based CML D flip-flop has been confirm... View full abstract»
Low-power CMOS variable gain amplifier based on a novel tunable transconductorTrinidad Sánchez-Rodríguez ; Juan Antonio Galán ; Manuel Pedro ; Antonio J. López-Martín ; Ramon G. Carvajal ; Jaime Ramírez-AnguloPublication Year: 2015, Page(s):105 - 110
Cited by: Papers (2)
A CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA) based on a novel linear and tunable triode transconductor is presented. The proposed transconductor employs local negative feedback for linearisation controlling the drain voltage of the input transistors biased in the triode region. The new design is able to operate at low supply voltage and the stability is guaranteed. The transconductor features a 47.75 dB d... View full abstract»
Sampled time domain analysis of digital pulse width modulation for feedback controlled converters
Digital pulse width modulation (DPWM) is the main process involved in power conversion of digitally controlled switching power converters. Sampling frequency of analogue to digital (A/D) converter and clock frequency of digital controllers are the two constraints which create time delay in output of the modulator gating pulses. Time delay produces the major effect in terms of low frequency oscilla... View full abstract»
Three-mode controllable master-slave monostable multivibrators using current-feedback operational amplifiers
This study presents a three-mode controllable master-slave monostable multivibrator based on current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) for analogue signal-processing applications. The circuit is operated using a positive-edge triggering signal to generate the output pulses. The pulse width of the output signals can be adjusted by controlling the voltage, current or resistance to yield variou... View full abstract»
Spacer engineering for performance enhancement of junctionless accumulation-mode bulk FinFETs
This study investigates the performance of the junctionless accumulation-mode (JAM) bulk FinFETs. Different electrical parameters are simulated and analysed for the device with different gate spacer's lengths and materials. Spacers having dielectric constants between 1 and 22 are used to compare the device performance, whereas different spacer lengths are considered in order to understand the effe... View full abstract»
Reduced order linear quadratic regulator controller for voltage multiplier cells integrated boost converter
The recent development in high gain DC-DC converters motivates its application on renewable energy systems with low output voltage such as photovoltaic cells resulting in the requirement of high voltage gain converters with improved static and dynamic characteristics. This study proposes an optimal reduced order linear quadratic regulator controller for a reduced order model of a voltage multiplie... View full abstract»
Stability analysis of broadband cascode amplifiers in the presence of inductive parasitic components
Theoretical stability analysis of broadband cascode amplifiers at high frequencies is presented. The stability of the amplifier in the presence of parasitic inductive components is thoroughly investigated. It is shown that the stability can be improved by inserting a series resistance in the gate of common-gate device of the cascode amplifier. To ensure stability, the gate resistance should be sel... View full abstract»
Modelling and efficiency optimisation of UHF Dickson rectifiers
This paper presents a new time-efficient modelling approach for UHF Dickson rectifiers. Due to the very low computation time, the approach can provide a quick and effective alternative to the standard transient simulations. The presented approach results in better estimation of the generated DC voltage and power conversion efficiency compared with the similar works in the literature. For the first... View full abstract»
High speed, open loop residue amplifier with linearity improvement
In this paper a new solution for a highly linear, high speed open loop (OL) residue amplifier for applications in high-speed pipelined analogue-digital converters is proposed. The proposed amplifier has a voltage gain of 4 (V/V) with <;0.2% non-linearity error and 1.2 Vp-p output swing. The amplifier is compensated for process variations by using a novel gain control mechanism, thus ... View full abstract»
Loop gain of the common-gate Colpitts oscillator
Cited by: Papers (1)
This study presents the derivations of the voltage transfer functions of the amplifier A, the feedback network β, the loop gain T, the closed-loop gain Af and also the characteristic equation for the common-gate (CG) Colpitts oscillator, using the small-signal model of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) CG Colpitts oscillator. Usin... View full abstract»
Impact of source/drain doping concentration on graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor performance
Graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor is considered as a next-generation device. In this study, effect on device performance parameters such as on and off state currents, cut-off frequency, delay and transconductance at different source and drain (S/D) doping concentrations is investigated. It is observed that changing the S/D doping concentrations has an impact on band-to-band tunnelling wh... View full abstract»
Generalised mathematical model of memristor
To qualify as a memristor, the pinched hysteresis loop of a dynamical system corresponding to a sinusoidal excitation signal must be pinched at the origin, for any amplitude, and for any frequency, as well as for any initial condition of the state variable. The above conditions can be checked by the simulations which should be repeated as many times as possible. However, the times of simulation ar... View full abstract»
Analysis, design and implementation of a zero voltage switching two-switch CCM flyback converter
This study presents a two-switch continuous conduction mode pulse width modulation flyback converter that employs an LC snubber circuit. The snubber circuit is used to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation for the main switches during the turn-off transition and soft switching for power diodes. With the proposed LC snubber, the magnetic energy in the transformer leakage inductance can be ... View full abstract»
Output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator using a cascoded flipped voltage follower
Cited by: Papers (3)
An improved flipped voltage follower (FVF) and its application to a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator are presented. The proposed FVF improves most weaknesses of the classical one, namely its poor time response to the output current change from low to high value and poor stability for large capacitive load. The most important parameters of the modified FVF are analysed and described by analytica... View full abstract»
Graphene electronic sensors – review of recent developments and future challenges
Electronic sensors based on graphene have a high potential in many applications, due to the unique properties of the graphene material. This study is a review where the authors discuss the properties of graphene which are useful to sensing applications and they report and describe different types of graphene electronic sensors: biological, mechanical, gas and chemical sensors. They also discuss th... View full abstract»
0.5 V fully differential current conveyor using bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate technique
This study presents a new low-voltage (LV) supply and low-power consumption bulk-driven quasi-floating-gate fully differential current conveyor (BD-QFG-FDCCII) active element which is suitable for LV signal processing applications. The bulk-driven technique is used to achieve LV supply as low as a 0.5 V and extended input voltage swing. On the other hand, the quasi-floating-gate technique is used ... View full abstract»
Benefits of asymmetric underlap dual-
kspacer hybrid fin field-effect transistor over bulk fin field-effect transistor
Cited by: Papers (1)
Asymmetric underlap dual-k spacer hybrid fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) is a novel hybrid device that combines three significant and advanced technologies, i.e. ultra-thin body, three-dimensional (3D) FinFET, and asymmetric spacer engineering on a single silicon on insulator platform. This innovative architecture promises to enhance the device performance as compared with conventional... View full abstract»
Efficient and low-complexity hardware architecture of Gaussian normal basis multiplication over GF(2
m) for elliptic curve cryptosystems
In this paper, an efficient high-speed architecture of Gaussian normal basis (GNB) multiplierover binary finite field GF(2m) is presented. The structure is constructed by using some regular modules for computation of exponentiation by powers of 2 and low-cost blocks for multiplication by normal elements of the binary field. For the powers of 2 exponents, the modules are implemented by s... View full abstract»
Aims & Scope
IET Circuits, Devices & Systems covers the following topics:
Circuit theory and design, circuit analysis and simulation, computer aided design; filters (analogue and switched capacitor); circuit implementations, cells and architectures for integration including VLSI; testability, fault tolerant design, minimisation of circuits and CAD for VLSI; novel or improved electronic devices for both traditional and emerging technologies including nanoelectronics and MEMs, device and process characterisation, device parameter extraction schemes; mathematics of circuits and systems theory; test and measurement techniques involving electronic circuits, circuits for industrial applications, sensors and transducers.
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Aims & Scope
IET Circuits, Devices & Systems covers the following topics:
Circuit theory and design, circuit analysis and simulation, computer aided design; filters (analogue and switched capacitor); circuit implementations, cells and architectures for integration including VLSI; testability, fault tolerant design, minimisation of circuits and CAD for VLSI; novel or improved electronic devices for both traditional and emerging technologies including nanoelectronics and MEMs, device and process characterisation, device parameter extraction schemes; mathematics of circuits and systems theory; test and measurement techniques involving electronic circuits, circuits for industrial applications, sensors and transducers.
Persistent Link: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=4123966 More »
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Asim Ray
Brunel University
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- ( 1994 - 2006 ) IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems
- ( 1989 - 1993 ) IEE Proceedings G - Circuits, Devices and Systems
- ( 1980 - 1988 ) IEE Proceedings G - Electronic Circuits and Systems
- ( 1980 - 1988 ) IEE Proceedings I - Solid-State and Electron Devices
- ( 1976 - 1979 ) Solid-State and Electron Devices, IEE Journal on
- ( 1976 - 1979 ) Electronic Circuits and Systems, IEE Journal on


text: Posted June 20, 2007 Ok, I'm really getting into this fishing thing. My wife offered to buy me a new tackle box for Father's Day. Mine is pretty old, and won't hold enough stuff. What recommendations do you guys have? One huge one for everything? A couple smaller ones, one for cranks, etc., one for everything else? Thanks in advance for the help. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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This french onion soup recipe is inspired by DreamWorks Pictures' upcoming movie The Hundred-Foot Journey. This recipe is provided by Disney/DreamWorks Pictures, but opinions are all my own.
I will be honest. I have never eaten French Onion Soup. However, every single recipe I see makes it look so mouthwatering, so I am definitely going to plan on eating some soon. In the meantime, check out this version of this soup from the new Disney/Dreamworks film Hundred Foot Journey.
Be sure to serve sprinkled with croutons and cheese to make it extra delicious. I always say the more cheese the better!
This recipe is one of many that I have shared from the Hundred Foot Journey movie coming out on August 8th. Being the foodie that I am, I will definitely be in line to see the movie! What about you?
Here is the recipe –
The Hundred Foot Journey
In "The Hundred-Foot Journey," Hassan Kadam (Manish Dayal) is a culinary ingénue with the gastronomic equivalent of perfect pitch. Displaced from their native India, the Kadam family, led by Papa (Om Puri), settles in the quaint village of Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val in the south of France. Filled with charm, it is both picturesque and elegant – the ideal place to settle down and open an Indian restaurant, the Maison Mumbai. That is, until the chilly chef proprietress of Le Saule Pleureur, a Michelin starred, classical French restaurant run by Madame Mallory (Academy Award®-winner Helen Mirren), gets wind of it.
Her icy protests against the new Indian restaurant a hundred feet from her own escalate to all out war between the two establishments – until Hassan's passion for French haute cuisine and for Mme. Mallory's enchanting sous chef, Marguerite (Charlotte Le Bon), combine with his mysteriously delicious talent to weave magic between their two cultures and imbue Saint-Antonin with the flavors of life that even Mme. Mallory cannot ignore. At first Mme. Mallory's culinary rival, she eventually recognizes Hassan's gift as a chef and takes him under her wing.
"The Hundred-Foot Journey" abounds with flavors that burst across the tongue. A stimulating triumph over exile, blossoming with passion and heart, with marjoram and madras, it is a portrayal of two worlds colliding and one boy's drive to find the comfort of home, in every pot, wherever he may be.
Connect with THE HUNDRED-FOOT JOURNEY
- Like THE HUNDRED-FOOT JOURNEY on Facebook
- Follow THE HUNDRED-FOOT JOURNEY on Twitter: @the100ftJourney
- Instagram: http://instagram.com/thehundredfootjourney
- Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/100FtJourney
THE HUNDRED-FOOT JOURNEY arrives in theaters everywhere on August 8th!


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World Media
Conservatives hold Sleaford and North Hykeham seat
What will happen in traditional Labour heartlands, where the party now led by Paul Nuttall is the dominant anti-EU force - or where, possibly, events are led by the "people's movement", which the Brexit-supporting tycoon Arron Banks will launch in the new year - should still be a massive worry for Labour .
World Media
Ne-Yo: NOT Performing at Trump Inauguration; 'It was Just A Joke!'
Sir Elton John was apparently Trump's first choice to perform at the inauguration - this despite the fact that John is neither American nor aligns with any of the Trump administration's social stances. Brooks stayed silent during the divisive election in which most stars, including Beyonce, Katy Perry, Jay-Z and Jennifer Lopez, threw their support behind Democrat Hillary Clinton.
World Media
Sports Minister Assures Super Falcons On Entitlements
They won the women's Africa Cup of Nations for an eighth time on Saturday after a 1-0 win over hosts Cameroon. "We did the memo for the Women Africa Cup of Nations in October and it is being processed as we speak". Saddened by the situation, Super Falcons' midfielder Francisca Ordega expressed regret playing for Nigeria, saying she would have opted for another country.
World Media
France's Le Pen calls for end of education for illegal migrants
Speaking at a conference organized by the BVA polling organization in Paris, Le Pen, the leader and presidential candidate for far-right National Front (FN), said she wanted to put an end to asylum seekers entering the country illegally and letting their children take advantage of the free French education system.
World Media
Rajnath Singh to lead Indian delegation at Fidel Castro's funeral
Bomnin arrived in the United States when he was 26, working odd jobs until he made a name for himself as a auto salesman, eventually owning a General Motors dealership. While prominent Republicans have blasted Castro as a murderous tyrant since his death Friday, no one close to Trump has directly threatened to end the political opening announced in 2014 by Obama and his Cuban counterpart, Raul Castro.
World Media
S.Korean President faces impeachment vote
South Korea's opposition pressed forward with plans for impeachment proceedings against Park Geun-hye on Friday, as an ally of the president said she was "ready" to face the vote. Encouraged by President Obama, Park's administration has also sought improved ties with stalwart USA ally Japan, a bitter South Korean enemy in past decades because of Japan's wartime occupation of Korea.


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Ahead of the announcement that losses for the entire market will top pounds 2.8bn for the last completed underwriting account, Claud Gurney, a former City regulator, has tabled two motions that threaten the way Lloyd's is run. An extraordinary general meeting of the market's 20,000 underwriting members will have to be held.
In his two resolutions, Mr Gurney has raised the issues of accountability to underwriting members and the admission of new money into the market in the form of corporate capital. If Lloyd's fails to defeat the resolutions, members will deem that a vote of no confidence has been passed in the market's authorities.
Resolution one calls for Lloyd's, its staff and members of its ruling council to owe fiduciary and legal duties of care to the members, and says Lloyd's is not exempt from having to pay damages to any individual who has suffered losses. Lloyd's has legal immunity against the financial consequences of suits for damages.
Resolution two requests that before companies are admitted to the market as part of Lloyd's plans to raise new money, the move must be approved by two- thirds of the membership. The resolution calls on Lloyd's to issue a prospectus demonstrating how corporate capital will be admitted and at what price.
Mr Gurney said his move had been prompted by a belief 'that the only way to secure a profitable future for Lloyd's is to give all members, whether or not they have incurred losses, a shared interest in the future profits of the society (of Lloyd's). The current members clearly own the goodwill and assets of the Corporation (of Lloyd's).'
Also in the next few days, a pioneering joint venture aimed at raising outside capital for the troubled Lloyd's insurance market is expected to be signed.
Institutional and other investors are understood to have committed nearly all the dollars 70m capital sought for the offshore reinsurance venture, which is being set up by Merrett Holdings, the largest underwriting group at Lloyd's, Marsh & McLennan, the world's largest insurance broker and JP Morgan, the US investment bank.
- More about:
- Banking
- Insurance
- Investment
- Jp Morgan Chase


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BizReport : : December 03, 2012
Emotional branding: Love it or hate it, it works
The effectiveness of 'emotional branding' has been virtually unknown - until now. A new study by Murdoch University's Audience Labs in collaboration with the University of Wollongong in Australia has found that emotional branding can reap significant rewards. In New Zealand, the country's response to a shortage of an iconic spread demonstrates such emotional attachment.
The study, which involved 1,025 Australians, asked participants to rate brands purchased over the past year in the categories of utilitarian (such as petrol and washing detergent) and hedonic products (such as instant coffee and beer).
It found consumers that form an emotional attachment to a brand purchase significantly more than those who don't.
Emotions considered for the study were trust, bonding ('It's my brand'), resonance ('This fits my self image'), companionship ('This brand is like a companion to me') and love, in which a deep affection was felt and the consumer would be really upset if they couldn't have their brand.
The research revealed men who feel 'love' for their beer brand purchase 38% more beer than average, and women who feel 'bonding' with their laundry detergent purchase 60% more than average.
"Emotionally attached consumers purchase substantially more than regular customers, which frees companies from having to rely on promotions and discounts to keep them buying the brand," says Dr Steve Bellman, Deputy Director of Audience Labs.
"On the flip side, however, while advertisers are eager to create emotional attachments between consumers and their goods, we've found forming these deep feelings can be a difficult task."
Across the Tasman Sea from Australia, in New Zealand, emotional attachments to an iconic breakfast staple were publicly exhibited earlier this year. The production of Marmite, a yeast extract spread with a distinctive flavor, was stopped after a damaging earthquake closed the factory.
Such was the panic, and mourning, of the resulting shortage (remaining stock was soon sold out after panic buying), that the Sanitarium Health Food Company, who produce New Zealand Marmite, had to respond. The resulting advertising campaign, "Don't Freak - We'll Be Back", was developed to console the brand's fervent lovers, recognize their loyalty and patience in the face of the shortage and maintain their trust in the brand to minimize defection.
Marmite's distinctive taste evokes strong feelings and the resulting emotional division has long been the focus of advertising for the brand, most notably in the "Love It or Hate It" campaign developed some 16 years ago. That campaign's success still resonates today and continues to be a strong component of the brand's marketing strategy. People can often be heard describing something as "like Marmite, you either love it or hate it" and firmly putting themselves in the camp 'Lovers' or 'Haters'.
Tags: brand awareness, brand marketing, emotional branding, research
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