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Planet Drupal
Lullabot: Drupalcon Baltimore Edition
CU Boulder - Webcentral: Upgrading A Drupal 7 Module to Drupal 8: Configuration Forms
In the last post in this series, we set up some routing for our module for three paths. One of those paths is to the module's main configuration form. Since this module has a Drupal 7 version, I am going to go by the old tried and true method of CDD, a.k.a Copy Driven Development. Copy, paste, cry, try to copy something else.Developer Blog
Acquia Developer Center Blog: Get the most out of your first DrupalCon!
To me, meeting and building relationships in person is the glue that holds us together and makes Drupal a community. If this is your first DrupalCon or first Drupal community event, it'll be your first taste of this crazy, smart bunch of people scattered around the globe most of the rest of the year. Welcome! I'd like to help you get the most out of your first DrupalCon!Tags: acquia drupal planetcommunityfirst timerseventdrupalcon
Mediacurrent: Dropcast: Episode 31 - DRUPALCON
Recorded April 12th, 2017
The Accidental Coder: The State-of-Drupal Poll
Speak out about your feelings on several topics that are swirling in the Drupalsphere. The results of the poll will be published here during Drupalcon Baltimore.Drupal Planet
MTech, LLC: Ultimate guide to migrating data into Drupal 8
I give special greetings to all the people who read us and particularly to Baltimore at the headquarters of Drupalcon 2017.Charlotte León Thu, 04/20/2017 - 09:16
Chromatic: Replacing hook_boot and hook_init Functionality in Drupal 8
Adam uncovers methods of firing code on every page in Drupal 8, the right way.
Zivtech: Empowering Drupal 8 Content Editors with EVA: Attach All the Displays!
Entity Views Attachment, or EVA, is a Drupal module that allows you to attach view displays to entities of your choosing. We used it recently on a project and loved it. You know it's good because it has a no-nonsense name and an even better acronym. (Plus, the maintainers have taken full advantage of the acronym and placed a spaceman on the project page. Nice!)
Since the now-ubiquitous Paragraphs module provides the "paragraph" entity type, I figured these two will make good dancing partners.
Getting them to tango is simple enough. You create a paragraph bundle, target that bundle in the settings on an EVA view display, then arrange the view in the paragraph's display settings. Voila – your view display shows up wherever you add this paragraph!
By attaching a view display to a paragraph entity and enabling that paragraph on a node's paragraph reference field, you give your content editors the ability to place a view wherever they want within their page content. Better still, they can contextualize what they are doing since this all happens in the edit form where the rest of the node content lives. As far as I can tell, no other approach in the Drupal ecosystem (I'm looking at you Blocks and Panels) makes adding views to content this easy for your editors.Case Study
The concept is pretty straightforward, but with a little cleverness it allows you to build some complex page elements. Let's walk through an example. Consider the following design:
This mockup represents Section nodes and lists of Subpage nodes that reference them. In addition, the buttons links should point to the parent Section node. With a little elbow grease, we can build a system to output this with our friends EVA and Paragraphs.
Here's how I'm breaking this down conceptually:
We have three things to build:
A create a container paragraph bundle
A child paragraph bundle with a Section entity reference field
An EVA of subpages to attach to the child paragraph bundle
As I mentioned before, Subpage nodes will reference Section nodes. With this in mind, we can build the EVA that lists subpages and expects a section node ID to contextually filter to subpages that reference that node.Building the Section paragraph type
Next, we'll create the Section paragraph type that will handle each grouping of a section node with its related subpages. The Section paragraph will have one field, an entity reference field limited to Section nodes, that gives us all the data we need from our section.
We'll attach our EVA to this paragraph type and configure it to pass the referenced node's ID as the contextual filter using tokens in the EVA settings. You will need to install the Token module to do this. Go to /admin/help/token to see all available tokens once installed. You need to grab the node ID through your entity reference field, so your token argument should look something like this:[paragraph:field_node_reference:entity:nid]
We pass that token to our contextual filter, and we can tell our view to use that argument to create a link to the section node for our "View All Subpages" link. To do this, we'll add a global text area to the view footer and check the "Use replacement tokens from the first row" checkbox. Then we'll write some HTML to create a link. It'll look something like this:View all Subpages Building the Section List paragraph type
Lastly, we'll create the Section List paragraph type. This only really needs a paragraph reference field that only allows the user to add Section paragraphs, but I also added a title field that will act as a header for the whole list.
Tip: Install Fences module to control your field's wrapper markup. I used this here to wrap the title in
 tags.We're finished!
Now that everything is built, we can allow users to select the Section List paragraph type in a paragraph reference field of our choosing. A user adds a Section List, then adds Sections via the entity reference. It looks like this in the node edit form:
Do you have any cool ways you use the EVA module in your builds? Let us know in the comments section below.
Evolving Web: Migrate translations from CSV, JSON or XML to Drupal 8
In my last post, I showed you how to migrate translated content from Drupal 6 to Drupal 8. But clients often don't start with their data in Drupal 6. Instead there's some other source of data that may include translations, like a CSV spreadsheet. In this article, I'll show you how to migrate multilingual content from such sources to Drupal 8.
This article would not have been possible without the help of my colleague Dave. Gracias Dave!The problem
We have two CSV files containing some data about chemical elements in two languages. One file contains data in English and the other file, in Spanish. Our goal is to migrate these records into a Drupal 8 website, preserving the translations.Before we start
- Since this is an advanced migration topic, it is assumed you already know the basics of migration.
- To execute the migrations in this example, you can download the migrate example i18n. The module should work without any trouble for a standard Drupal 8 install. See quick-start for more information.
Though this example shows how to work with a CSV data source, one can easily work with other data sources. Here are some quick pointers:
- Find and install the relevant migrate source module. If you do not have a standard source module available, you can:
- try converting your data to a supported format first.
- write your own migration source plugin, if you're feeling adventurous.
- Modify the migration definitions to include custom parameters for the data source.
- Some useful source formats are supported by these projects:
- JSON / XML / SOAP are supported by the migrate_plus project.
- ODS / XLS / XLSX / CSV are supported by migrate_spreadsheet project.
To write the migrations, we create a module—in our case, it is named migrate_example_i18n. There's nothing special about the module declaration except for the dependencies:
- migrate_plus and migrate_tools provide various features for defining and executing migrations.
- migrate_source_csv lets us read migration source data from CSV files.
Before we start writing migrations, it is important to mention how Drupal 8 translations work. In a nutshell:
- First, we create content in its base language, say in English. For example, we could create a brand new node for the element Hydrogen, which might have a unique node ID 4.
- Now that the base node is in place, we can translate the node, say to Spanish. Unlike some previous versions of Drupal, this won't become a new node with its own node ID. Instead, the translation is saved against the same node generated above, and so will have the same node ID—just a different language setting.
Hence, the migration definition for this example includes the following:
- We migrate the base data in English using in example_element_en migration.
- We migrate the Spanish translations using the example_element_es migration, and link each translation to the original English version.
- We group the two migrations in the example_element migration group to keep things clean and organized.
Thus, we can execute the migrations of this example with the command drush migrate-import --group=example_element.Warning
Note that this plan only works because every single node we are importing has at least an English translation! If some nodes only existed in Spanish, we would not be able to link them to the (non-existent) original English version. If you encounter data like this, you'll need to handle it in a different way.Step 1: Element base migration (English)
To migrate the English translations, we define the example_element_en migration. Here is a quick look at some important parameters used in the migration definition.Source source: plugin: csv path: 'element.data.en.csv' header_row_count: 1 keys: - Symbol fields: Name: 'Name' Symbol: 'Symbol' 'Atomic Number': 'Atomic number' 'Discovered By': 'Name of people who discovered the element' constants: lang_en: en node_element: 'element'
- plugin: Since we want to import data from a CSV file, we need to use the csv plugin provided by the migrate_source_csv module.
- path: Path to the CSV data source so that the source plugin can read the file. Our source files for this example actually live within our module, so we modify this path at runtime using hook_migration_plugins_alter() in migrate_example_i18n.module.
- header_row_count: Number of initial rows in the CSV file which do not contain actual data. This helps ignore column headings.
- keys: The column(s) in the CSV file which uniquely identify each record. In our example, the chemical symbol in the column Symbol is unique to each row, so we can use that as the key.
- fields: A description for every column present in the CSV file. This is used for displaying source details in the UI.
- constants: Some static values for use during the migration.
- plugin: Nothing fancy here. We aim to create node entities, so we set the plugin as entity:node.
- translations: Since we are importing the content in base language, we do not specify the translations parameter. This will make Drupal create new nodes for every record.
This is where we map the columns of the CSV file to properties of our target nodes. Here are some mappings which require a special mention and explication:
- type: We hard-code the content type for the nodes we wish to create, to type element.
- langcode: Since all source records are in English, we tell Drupal to save the destination nodes in English as well. We do this by explicitly specifying langcode as en.
- field_element_discoverer: This field is a bit tricky. Looking at the source data, we realize that every element has one or more discoverers. Multiple discoverer names are separated by commas. Thus, we use plugin: explode and delimiter: ', ' to split multiple records into arrays. With the values split into arrays, Drupal understands and saves the data in this column as multiple values.
When we run this migration like drush migrate-import example_element_en, we import all the nodes in the base language (English).Step 2: Element translation migration (Spanish)
With the base nodes in place, we define a migration similar to the previous one with the ID example_element_es.source: plugin: csv path: 'element.data.es.csv' header_row_count: 1 keys: - 'Simbolo' constants: lang_en: en # ... destination: plugin: 'entity:node' translations: true process: nid: plugin: migration source: Simbolo migration: example_element_en langcode: constants/lang_es content_translation_source: constants/lang_en # ... migration_dependencies: required: - example_element_en
Let us look at some major differences between the example_element_es migration and the example_element_en migration:
- source:
- path: Since the Spanish node data is in another file, we change the path accordingly.
- keys: The Spanish word for Symbol is Símbolo, and it is the column containing the unique ID of each record. Hence, we define it as the source data key. Unfortunately, Drupal migrate support keys with non-ASCII characters such as í (with its accent). So, as a workaround, I had to remove all such accented characters from the column headings and write the key parameter as Simbolo, without the special í.
- fields: The field definitions had to be changed to match the Spanish column names used in the CSV.
- destination:
- translations: Since we want Drupal to create translations for English language nodes created during the example_element_en migration, we specify translations: true.
- process:
- nid: We use the plugin: migration to make Drupal lookup nodes which were created during the English element migration and use their ID as the nid. This results in the Spanish translations being attached to the original nodes created in English.
- langcode: Since all records in element.data.es.csv are in Spanish, we hard-code the langcode to es for each record of this migration. This tells Drupal that these are Spanish translations.
- content_translation_source: Each translation of a Drupal node comes from a previous translation—for example, you might take the Spanish translation, and translate it into French. In this case, we'd say that Spanish was the source language of the French translation. By adding this process step, we tell Drupal that all our Spanish translations are coming from English.
- migration_dependencies: This ensures that the base data is migrated before the translations. So to run this migration, one must run the example_element_en migration first.
Voilà! Run the Spanish migration (drush migrate-import example_element_es) and you have the Spanish translations for the elements! We can run both the English and Spanish migration at once using the migration group we created. Here's how the output should look in the command-line:$ drush migrate-import --group=example_element Processed 111 items (111 created, 0 updated, 0 failed, 0 ignored) - done with 'example_element_en' Processed 105 items (105 created, 0 updated, 0 failed, 0 ignored) - done with 'example_element_es'
If we had another file containing French translations, we would create another migration like we did for Spanish, and import the French data in a similar way. I couldn't find a CSV file with element data in French, so I didn't include it in this example—but go try it out on your own, and leave a comment to tell me how it went!Next steps
- Check out the code for the migrate_example_i18n module on GitHub.
- Read about migrating translated content from Drupal 6 to Drupal 8.
Dropsolid: Making a difference, One Drupal security patch at a time
Recently, the References module started receiving some attention (read here, here and here). The reason for this is that the Drupal security team posted an advisory to migrate away from the References module for Drupal 7 and move to the entity_reference module. At the time of writing (20 April), 121.091 sites are actively reporting to Drupal.org that they are using this module. That makes for a lot of unhappy developers.
Things kicked off after a security vulnerability was discovered in the References module. The security team tried to contact the existing maintainers of that module, but there was no response. The security team had no choice but to mark the module as abandoned and send out the following advisory explaining that the details would be made public in a month and that everyone should upgrade, as there was no fix available.Migrate efficiently
At Dropsolid, we noticed that for many of our older Drupal 7 installs we were still using this module extensively. Migrating all of the affected sites would have meant a very lengthy undertaking, so I was curious to find a way to spend less time and effort while still fixing the problem. We immediately contacted one of the people who reported the security issue and tried to get more information other than what was publicly available. That person stayed true to the rules and did not disclose any information about the issue.
We didn't give up, but made an official request to the security team offering to help and requesting access to the security vulnerability issue. The Drupal security team reviewed the request and granted me access. In the Drupal Security issue queue there was some historical information about this vulnerability, some answers and a proposed patch. The patch had not been tested, but this is where Dropsolid chimed in. After extensively testing the patch on all the different scenarios on an actual site that was vulnerable, we marked the issue as Reviewed and Tested by the Community (RTBC) and stepped up maintain the References module for future security issues.It pays off to step in
I'd like to thank Niels Aers, one of my colleagues, as his involvement was critical in this journey and he is now the current maintainer of this module. He jumped straight in without hesitation. In the end, we spent less time fixing the actual issue compared to the potential effort for changing all our sites to use a different module. So remember: you can also make a similar impact to the Drupal community by stepping up when something like this happens. Do not freak out, but think how you can help your clients, company and career by fixing something for more than just you or your company.
Pronovix: Documenting web APIs with the Swagger / OpenAPI specification in Drupal
As part of our work to make Drupal 8 the leading CMS for developer portals, we are implementing a mechanism to import the OpenAPI (formerly known as Swagger) specification format. This is a crucial feature not only for dedicated developer portals, but also for all Drupal sites that are exposing an API. Now that it has become much easier to create a RESTful API service in Drupal 8, the next step is to make it more straightforward to create its API reference documentation. That is why we think our work will be useful for site builders, and not just for technical writers and API product owners.
marvil07.net: Re-activating Vote Up/Down
Vote Up/Down is a drupal module that uses Voting API to provide a way to vote.
These notes are about part of the history of the module, and the recent news about it, including a couple of releases!
The project itself is really ancient, it started in 2006 by frjo, in Drupal 4.7, and the same code has evolved until Drupal 7.
I took co-maintainership of the project around 2009-2010, when I met with lut4rp, at the time the one maintainer of the project; who made a rewrite to modularize it at the start of 6.x-2.x.
At that time we were still using CVS officially (and some of us git locally), and we were thrilled to receive and integrate a patch from merlinofchaos, that extended the module a lot, and make it more maintainable.
With the past of the time, I became the only active maintainer of the module.
At the start I was pretty active as a maintainer there; but over the years, I have not been responsive enough, especially around the D7 port.
During that time the community provided several patches and finally amitaibu created a sandbox, that I end up integrating into the project.
Also, I managed to write another submodule, vud_field, in that process.
For me it was clear, I advocated to remove vud_node, vud_term, and vud_comment form the project in favour of vud_field.
From my perspective it was more beneficial: (a) vud_field provided mostly the same functionality on nodes, taxonomy terms, and comments; but also (b) provided voting on any entity, embracing D7 new APIs; and also (c) made things more maintainable.
Sadly, the removal did not happened at that time, and that was one of the reasons why D7 version was never out of alpha status.
After quite some time of inactivity in vote_up_down, this January, I started to port the module to D8, but I only started: only 4 porting commits got into the new 8.x-1.x branch.
Then, I decided to add a GSoC project as student's suggestion to port Vote Up/Down to D8 for this year.
In preparation, this week I have branched out D7 into two different versions 7.x-1.x and 7.x-2.x, adding respective releases to make things more clear:
- 7.x.1-x (with 7.x-1.0-beta1 release): It still keeps all submodules, but it is not planned to be maintained for much longer anymore. I applied there all related code pending about vud_node, vud_comment, and vud_term.
- 7.x-2.x (with 7.x-2.0 release): Instead, it only contains vud and vud_field, and it is planned to be maintained as the stable branch. Sadly there in not a complete upgrade path neither from 6.x-2.x nor from 7.x-1.x, but I added some starting code to do that on the related issue #1363928, and maybe someone would like to continue that.
Hopefully one of the students proposing the port to Vote Up/Down to D8 gets accepted.
It will be great to see the module active again!
Mediacurrent: Debug Drupal PHP in Vim with Vdebug
I know quite a few developers that love Vim but think they have to use an IDE to be able to debug their applications. In this post I will show you how to set up Vim as a Xdebug client.
The Vdebug plugin for Vim provides a way to do debugging inside Vim using the tools that Vim provides to great advantage. As the project page says,
Aten Design Group: Radios, Checkboxes, and Drupal's Admin Interface
Custom styled form elements are a common thing to see in a design. That's because default form styles vary visually from browser to browser and OS to OS. It makes sense that we'd want these elements styled consistently. Styling them is pretty straightforward, with the exception of select dropdowns which can be more complex. Recently, I ran into an unexpected problem when working on a site that needed a branded admin experience.Styling Radio and Checkbox Buttons
There's a simple method of styling radio buttons and checkboxes I've been using for a while. I first saw it from the people at Tuts+, and they provided this Pen demoing the technique. Briefly explained, we visually hide the input for our radios/checkboxes and draw a new one using :before and :after pseudo elements on the label element. CSS' :checked selector allows us to toggle our styles based on if the input is checked or not. This technique relies on appropriately marked up inputs and labels, for example:
 <input type="checkbox" id="click-me"> Click Me

Clicking the label (containing the fake checkbox styling) will toggle the state of the real checkbox that's visually hidden.Drupal's Admin Interface
One thing I learned while working with some of Drupal's admin interfaces is that they only supply the input, and not an accompanying label. This seemed especially true in tabled interfaces, where you'd check off rows of content and perform some action on the selected items. Since we're hiding an input that doesn't have a label to attach the visuals to, we just end up with a blank space. There were several options we had for how to address this issue.1. Drop the Custom Styles
The simplest is to just rely on browser defaults for checkboxes and radios. It's not a great option, but it is an affordable one for tight budgets.2. Create the Missing Labels
This ended up being my first approach to fixing this, and became more akin to a game of Whack-a-Mole than I anticipated. After going through various preprocess functions, alters, and render functions I was still encountering inputs that were missing labels. Some I was never able to fully track down where the markup was coming from. Manually finding and fixing every missing label might be a viable solution if your website or application has only a handful of places you need to update. However this is not the most scalable solution, and if your product grows this can quickly become a financial black hole.3. Create the Missing Labels… with Javascript
Instead of trying to find every place that creates a checkbox or radio on the server side, we could use Javascript to target every checkbox or radio input that is not followed by a label. From there, we just create the label element and insert it after the selected inputs. This is how that might look using jQuery, though it can also be done with Vanilla JS.
Firefox was a surprise to me, as the documentation says it supports appearance. However in practice what I got was a less appealing version of the browser default styles. Also surprisingly was by checking for only -webkit-appearance support, Edge still gets our custom styles applied. This all sat well with me for a working solution. Every team and project has it's own constraints, so your mileage may vary.
Aten Design Group: Migrating Wordpress into Drupal 8
Quite a bit has changed for the Migrate module in Drupal 8: the primary module is part of core and some of the tools have been split into their own modules. Recently, we migrated a Wordpress site into Drupal 8 and this article will help guide you in that process. If you're looking for information about Wordpress to Drupal 7 migrations, check out Joel Steidl's article on that here.
At the time of writing this post, the migration modules are considered "experimental" so be aware of that as well. The module's location in core also means that all Drupal core modules also have migration-related code to help out with your Drupal upgrades. We used the WP Migrate module (Migrate Wordpress) as a starting point in bringing this content to Drupal.
This module will give you a good basis for migration, but it is missing a few things that you might want to consider:
- It will create all vocabularies and taxonomies based on what is in Wordpress but you will need to add some code to connect the taxonomies with posts.
- Also, it will not bring in featured images.
- WP content might be using the "line break to paragraphs" functionality, which you need to account for either in your text format for posts or in the migration.
And if you are looking for information about Wordpress to Drupal 7 migrations, check out Joel Steidl's article on that here.Taxonomy
There's code existing to pull in Wordpress's terms and vocabularies, but you will need to do some work to put them into the right fields with your posts. For this, I ended up taking a more efficient route by querying the source database in prepareRow():<?php // place in Posts.php prepareRow() // get terms for this blog post $tags = $this->select('wp_term_relationships', 'r') ->join('wp_term_taxonomy', 't', 't.term_taxonomy_id=r.term_taxonomy_id') ->fields('r') ->condition('t.taxonomy', 'tags') ->condition('object_id', $row->getSourceProperty('id'))->execute(); $tags = $tags->fetchAll(); $tags = array_map(function($tag) { return intval($tag['term_taxonomy_id']); }, $tags); $row->setSourceProperty('tags', $tags); // get categories for this blog post $category = $this->select('wp_term_relationships', 'r') ->join('wp_term_taxonomy', 't', 't.term_taxonomy_id=r.term_taxonomy_id') ->fields('r') ->condition('t.taxonomy', 'category') ->condition('object_id', $row->getSourceProperty('id'))->execute(); $category = $category->fetchAll(); $category = array_map(function($tag) { return intval($tag['term_taxonomy_id']); }, $category); $row->setSourceProperty('categories', $category);
And then I updated the migration template with those new values:# add to the process section field_tags: tags field_category: tags Featured Images
Wordpress stores featured images as attachment posts and stores the relationship in the postmeta table. To bring these in as image fields, we need to make file entities in Drupal which means configuring a new migration.
First, create a migration template called wp_feature_images.yml. Note that I stole some of this from Drupal's core file module:id: wp_feature_images label: Wordpress Feature Images migration_tags: - Wordpress migration_group: wordpress source: plugin: feature_images destination: plugin: entity:file process: filename: filename uri: uri status: plugin: default_value default_value: 1 # migration_dependencies: # required: # - wp_users
And then create a source plugin:<?php /** * @file * Contains \Drupal\migrate_wordpress\Plugin\migrate\source\FeatureImages. */ namespace Drupal\migrate_wordpress\Plugin\migrate\source; use Drupal\migrate\Row; use Drupal\migrate\Plugin\migrate\source\SqlBase; use Drupal\Core\File\FileSystemInterface; use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerInterface; use Drupal\migrate\Plugin\MigrationInterface; use Drupal\Core\State\StateInterface; /** * Extract feature images from Wordpress database. * * @MigrateSource( * id = "feature_images" * ) */ class FeatureImages extends SqlBase { public function __construct(array $configuration, $plugin_id, $plugin_definition, MigrationInterface $migration, StateInterface $state, FileSystemInterface $file_system) { parent::__construct($configuration, $plugin_id, $plugin_definition, $migration, $state); $this->fileSystem = $file_system; } /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public static function create(ContainerInterface $container, array $configuration, $plugin_id, $plugin_definition, MigrationInterface $migration = NULL) { return new static( $configuration, $plugin_id, $plugin_definition, $migration, $container->get('state'), $container->get('file_system') ); } /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public function query() { $query = $this ->select('wp_postmeta', 'm') ->fields('p', ['ID', 'guid']); $query->join('wp_posts', 'p', 'p.ID=m.meta_value'); $query ->condition('m.meta_key', '_thumbnail_id', '=') ->condition('p.post_type', 'attachment', '=') ->condition('p.guid', '', '<>') // this prevents some duplicates to get the count closer to even ->groupBy('ID, guid'); return $query; } /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public function fields() { $fields = array( 'ID' => $this->t('The file ID.'), 'guid' => $this->t('The file path'), ); return $fields; } /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public function prepareRow(Row $row) { $url = $row->getSourceProperty('guid'); $parsed_url = parse_url($url); $filename = basename($parsed_url['path']); $row->setSourceProperty('filename', $filename); $public_path = 'public://' . $parsed_url['path']; $row->setSourceProperty('uri', $public_path); // download the file if it does not exist if (!file_exists($public_path)) { $public_dirname = dirname($public_path); // create directories if necessary if (!file_exists($public_dirname)) { $this->fileSystem->mkdir($public_dirname, 0775, TRUE); } // try to download it $copied = @copy($url, $public_path); if (!$copied) { return FALSE; } } return parent::prepareRow($row); } /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public function bundleMigrationRequired() { return FALSE; } /** * {@inheritdoc} */ public function getIds() { return array( 'ID' => array( 'type' => 'integer', 'alias' => 'p', ), ); } }
In Migrate, the template defines what source, processing, and fields are created. The source plugin is used by that migration to allow you to specify what is created. The source plugin above will get the feature images for posts, but also try and download the image into Drupal's files directory.
You can add this as a dependency for the wp_posts migration. A word of warning though: if one migration (Migration A) depends on a different migration (Migration B), all of the content from A must be migrated before B can be run. If there are images that cannot be resolved for some reason (maybe leftover DB references after an image or post is deleted), this might stop the migration because the dependency cannot be resolved.
And finally, you will also need to add "wp_feature_images" to your manifest_wordpress.yml before running the migration.Converting content
So far we have updated migration source plugins, but there are also process plugins, which can be used to change row values. As mentioned, the WP content often uses the autop filter to create paragraph/line breaks automatically so we need to change those to HTML for Drupal. (You can also just use this functionality in your text format and skip this step if having this on will not cause issues with other content)
First, create a "src/Plugin/migrate/process" directory if one does not exist in the module and add this processor:<?php namespace Drupal\migrate_wordpress\Plugin\migrate\process; use Drupal\migrate\MigrateExecutableInterface; use Drupal\migrate\ProcessPluginBase; use Drupal\migrate\Row; /** * Apply the automatic paragraph filter to content * * @MigrateProcessPlugin( * id = "wp_content" * ) */ class WpContent extends ProcessPluginBase { /** * {@inheritdoc} * * Split the 'administer nodes' permission from 'access content overview'. */ public function transform($value, MigrateExecutableInterface $migrate_executable, Row $row, $destination_property) { return _filter_autop($value); } }
Then, update the "process" section of "wp_posts.yml" to include this processor:'body/value': plugin: wp_content source: post_content
All of this should put you on the road to getting Wordpress content migrated into a Drupal 8 site, although you'll probably have to adjust code to your specific circumstances along the way.
Acquia Developer Center Blog: Acquia in action at DrupalCon Baltimore!
If you're coming to DrupalCon Baltimore and you're curious about Acquia, there are a couple of ways to meet the company and see what we're about beyond the marketing and sales efforts that get directed at potential clients. One great way is to come to our sessions!Tags: acquia drupal planet
ThinkShout: Meet the ThinkShout Team at DrupalCon Baltimore
We're packing our bags for Baltimore and polishing up our slide decks for DrupalCon! We're so excited to join the Drupal community for a full week of Drupal-y things. We've got some great content planned for this year's conference, and we're very excited to share it with you all - here's what you need to know:Exhibit Hall
The ThinkShout Headquarters this year is booth 432! We'll be giving away free t-shirts and raffling off an Amazon Echo. You can enter to win for the low, low price of one business card. If you have any questions about our work, current available job opportunities, or what the weather's like in Portland (spoiler: it's probably raining), stop by - we'd love to chat with you!ThinkShout Sessions
The ThinkShout team has two sessions in the DrupalCon agenda this year. We're also very excited to be leading a discussion in our first DrupalCon Nonprofit Summit. Take a look at our lineup and mark your calendars
"Rapid Response Campaigns & Digital Tools" - Monday (4/24), 12:30 - 1:15pm, Nonprofit Summit
The news cycle doesn't stop, and your website must help you respond to emergencies, not act as a barrier. Drupal can help you react quickly, in concert with your other channels, to turn current events into opportunities to spread your message and further your mission. In this breakout session, Brett Meyer and Lev Tsypin will talk about the tools you have at your disposal in Drupal, scenarios that call for rapid response solutions and how to implement them, and strategies that will help you turn these situations into lasting engagement with your constituents.
"Demystifying Rendered Content in Drupal 8 Twig Files" - Tuesday (4/25), 3:45 - 4:45pm
Amy Vaillancourt-Sals is going to show you the ins and outs of Twig! Twig is a robust and elegant template engine for PHP. It's lightweight, fairly quick to pick up, very readable, and it grants users ultimate control over the markup, including wrapping elements and rendering exactly the output you need. In this session, you'll learn about the debugging process of sorting through twig variables, using xdebug in PHPStorm, the other helpful debugging tools at your disposal, plus common patterns Amy found helpful for rendering content in twig files.
"Content Strategy in Popular Culture, Part Deux" - Thursday (4/27), 10:45 - 11:45am
Brett Meyer's got a sequel to his session from DrupalCon New Orleans. Another year, another array of pop culture obsessions to examine and apply to the work we do. By exploring how crucial aspects of content strategy play out in movies, music, comic books, and video games, we'll continue to expand the palette of language we can use to explain and convince more people about the importance of content strategy online, and ensure they understand that it's not just vital, but fun as well.Let's Chat
If you'd like to schedule some time to chat with us in advance, drop us a line via our contact form. We'd be happy to meet up with you in Baltimore!
Lullabot: Cross-Pollination between Drupal and WordPress
WordPress controls a whopping 27% of the CMS market share on the web. Although it grew out of a blogging platform, it can now can handle advanced functionality similar to Drupal and is a major (yet friendly) competitor to Drupal. Like Drupal, it's open source and has an amazing community. Both communities learn from each other, but there is still much more to share between the two platforms.
Recently I had the opportunity to speak at WordCamp Miami on the topic of Drupal. WordCamp Miami is one of the larger WordCamps in the world, with a sold-out attendance of approximately 800 people.undefined What makes Drupal so great?
Drupal commands somewhere in the neighborhood of 2% of the CMS market share of the web. It makes complex data models easy, and much of this can be accomplished through the user interface. It has very robust APIs and enables modules to share one another's APIs. Taken together, you can develop very complex functionality with little to no custom code.So, what can WordPress take away from Drupal? Developer Experience: More and better APIs included in WordPress Core
The WordPress plugin ecosystem could dramatically benefit from standardizing API's in core.
- Something analogous to Drupal's Render API and Form API would make it possible for WordPress plugins to standardize and integrate their markup, which in turn would allow plugins to work together without stepping on each other's toes.
- WordPress could benefit from a way to create a custom post type in the core UI. Drupal has this functionality out the the box. WordPress has the functionality available, but only to the developer. This results in WordPress site builders searching for very specific plugins that create a specific post type, and hoping it does what they want.
- WordPress already has plugins similar to Drupal's Field API. Plugins such as Advanced Custom Fields and CMB2 go along way to allowing WordPress developers to easily create custom fields. Integrating something similar to this into WordPress core would allow plugin developers to count on a stable API and easily extend it.
- An API for plugins to set dependencies on other plugins is something that Drupal has done since its beginning. It enables mini-ecosystems to develop that extend more complex modules. In Drupal, we see a module ecosystems built around Views, Fields, Commerce, Organic Groups, and more. WordPress would benefit greatly from this.
- A go-to solution for custom query/list building would be wonderful for WordPress. Drupal has Views, but WordPress does not, so site builders end up using plugins that create very specific queries with output according to a very specific need. When a user needs to make a list of "popular posts," they end up looking through multiple plugins dedicated to this single task.
A potential issue with including new APIs in WordPress core is that it could possibly break WordPress' commitment to backwards compatibility, and would also dramatically affect their plugin ecosystem (much of this functionality is for sale right now).WordPress Security Improvements
WordPress has a much-maligned security reputation. Because it commands a significant portion of the web, it's a large attack vector. WordPress sites are also frequently set up by non-technical users, who don't have the experience to keep it (and all of its plugins) updated, and/or lock down the site properly.
That being said, WordPress has some low-hanging fruit that would go a long way to help the platform's reputation.
- Brute force password protection (flood control) would prevent bots from repeatedly connecting to wp-login.php. How often do you see attempted connections to wp-login.php in your server logs?.
- Raise the minimum supported PHP version from 5.2 (which does not receive security updates). Various WordPress plugins are already doing this, and there's also talk about changing the 'recommended' version of PHP to 7.0.
- An official public mailing list for all WordPress core and plugin vulnerabilities would be an easy way to alert developers to potential security issues. Note that there are third-party vendors that offer mailing lists like this.
Easy: It can be set up and operated by non-developers—and there are a lot more non-developers than developers! Installing both Drupal and WordPress is dead simple, but once you're up and running, WordPress becomes much easier.Case in Point: Changing Your Site's Appearance
Changing what your site looks like is often the first thing that a new owner will want to do. With WordPress, you go to Appearance > Themes > Add New, and can easily browse themes from within your admin UI. To enable the theme, click Install, then click Activate.undefined
With Drupal, you go to Appearance, but you only see core themes that are installed. If you happen to look at the top text, you read in small text that "alternative themes are available." Below that there is a button to "Install a New Theme."undefined
Clicking the button takes you to a page where you can either 1) paste in a URL to the tarball/zip, or upload a downloaded tarball/zip. You still have to know how to to download the zip or tarball, and where to extract it, and then browse to appearance, and enable the theme.
So it goes with Drupal. The same process goes with modules and more. Drupal makes things much more difficult.So, what can Drupal learn from WordPress?
To continue to grow, Drupal needs to enable non-developers. New non-developers can eventually turn into developers, and will become "new blood" in the community. Here's how Drupal can do it:
- A built in theme and module browser would do wonders for enabling users to discover new functionality and ways to change their site's appearance. A working attempt at this is the Project Browser module (available only for Drupal 7). The catch 22 of this is that you have to download this the old-fashioned way in order to use it.
- The ability to download vetted install profiles during the Drupal installation process would be amazing. This would go a long way to enable the "casual explorers," and show them the power of Drupal. A discussion of this can be found here.
- Automatic security updates is a feature that would be used by many smaller sites. Projects have been steered toward WordPress specifically because smaller clients don't have the budget to pay developers to keep up with updates. This feature has been conceptually signed off on by Drupal's core committers, but significant work has yet to be done.
The downside for this functionality is that Drupal would need to have a writable file-system, which at it's core, is less secure. Whether that balances out with automatic updates is debatable.
Automatic security updates and theme/module installation would not have to be enabled out of the box. The functionality could be provided in core modules that could be enabled only when needed.What has Drupal already learned from WordPress?
Cross-pollination has already been happening for a while. Let's take a look at what the Drupal community has already, or is in the process of, implementing:
- Semantic versioning is one of the most important changes in Drupal 8. With semantic versioning, bug fixes and new features can be added at a regular cadence. Prior to this, Drupal developers had to wait a few years for the next major version. WordPress has been doing this for a long time.
- A better authoring experience is something that Drupal has been working on for years (remember when there was no admin theme?). With Drupal 8, the default authoring experience is finally on par with WordPress and even surpasses it in many areas.
- Media management is the ability to upload images and video, and easily reference them from multiple pieces of content. There's currently a media initiative to finally put this functionality in core.
- Easier major version upgrades is something that WordPress has been doing since it's inception.
Drupal has traditionally required significant development work in between major versions. That however, is changing. In a recent blog post, the lead of the Drupal project, Dries Buytaert said,Updating from Drupal 8's latest version to Drupal 9.0.0 should be as easy as updating between minor versions of Drupal 8.
This is a very big deal, as it drastically limits the technical debt of Drupal as new versions of Drupal appear.Conclusion
Drupal and WordPress have extremely intelligent people contributing to their respective platforms. And, because of the GPL, both platforms have the opportunity to use vetted and proven approaches that are shortcuts to increased usability and usage. This, in turn, can lead to a more open (and usable) web.
Special thanks to Jonathan Daggerhart, John Tucker, Matthew Tift, and Juampy NR for reviewing and contributing to this article.undefined
Valuebound: How to create custom Form with CRUD(Create, Delete, Update) operations in Drupal 8
Custom form with CRUD Operations is basically building the form with different fields like UID, Name, Mobile Number, Address, Email id etc. The CRUD operations for these fields is Deleting the value of the fields from the database or updating the existing value with new value, and printing the updated value.How To Create a Custom form with CRUD Operations?
To create a custom form with CRUD Operations, we need to follow the following folder structure as shown in the image. To perform the same operation of crud in drupal we need to follow the following folder structure.
Chromatic: Chromatic at DrupalCon Baltimore
All the ways Chromatic will be representing at DrupalCon Baltimore next week.


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Welcome to the PTA page!
- Help support the PTA and make your spring shopping easier with the gift card fundraiser. Gift cards make the perfect gift for weddings, graduations, birthdays, and more. A percentage of each gift card purchased will be donated back to the PTA. Flyers went home with the students last week and all orders are due Wednesday, May 3rd. Gift cards will be available for pick up by mid-May. Please click HERE for the digital flyer.
- Wish your child a happy birthday or congratulate them on their graduation with custom yard signs for purchase from the PTA. The signs are $25.00 and need to be ordered a week ahead of time HERE.
- Lincolnwood PTA would like to extend a special "THANK YOU" to Mr. Yaqoob, owner of the Mobil gas station on Touhy/Crawford and BP gas station on Pratt/Cicero. Mr. Yaqoob has volunteered to match each month's dinner night fundraising totals.
- Funds raised:
- September at Oberweis = $104.00
- October at The Halal Guys = $48.50
- November at Buffalo Wild Wings = $115.00
- December at Corner Bakery = $49.87
- January at Brown's Chicken = $58.70
- February at Chipotle = $314.00
- March at Lou Malnati's = $312.47
- Have you joined the PTA?
- By joining the PTA, you provide additional funding to support the schools, teachers, and students in obtaining tools and resources not available through school funds.
- Joining the PTA does not automatically commit you to volunteering your time. Depending on how much time you are able to spare, however, you might find it to be a very positive experience that allows you to meet new parents and staff. Naturally, you will become more aware of what is happening at our schools, see opportunities to get involved, and before you know it, you will find yourself making positive contributions to your school and community. The only skills needed are the desire to help our schools, students, and teachers.
- PTA membership is only $10.00, and includes you to have the opportunity to be listed in the PTA electronic directory. You will then have access to the directory and contact information of other families who have joined the PTA.
- Joining is easy. You may pay online at the District's web store.
PTA Members: If you have joined the PTA and are now a member, you should have received a request to fill out your directory spot information. Please fill it out and submit the information by November 30th. We would like to finalize the new entries by the first week in December. Thank you!
When PTA gets involved, every child in District 74 benefits.
When YOU get involved, the child who benefits most is your own!
Thank you for your support!
Lincolnwood PTA Executive Board
PTA Executive Board:
- President: Chris Barnabas
- Treasurer: David Torres
- Executive VP: Kristine Bartholomew
- Secretary: Lisa Spector
- Vice President: Rebecca Lonen
Contact the Lincolnwood PTA, through the District Office at 847-675-8234 and leave a message or you can email us at email@example.com. To contact the Lincolnwood PTA, please call the District Office at 847-675-8234 and leave a message or you can email us.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Games & Hobbies
What's the history of stop lights? What are some common myths about car dealerships? Join Scott and Ben as they take a closer look at all things automotive in CarStuff, a podcast by HowStuffWorks.com.
February 27th, 2014
Episode 552 of 832 episodes
Grand Theft Auto V is one of the most controversial - and popular - titles in gaming today. And, whether you love or hate it, you have to admit: they've got some nice cars in the game. Join Scott and Ben as they take a closer look at the cars of Grand Theft Auto.
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The Art of Charm Podcast is where self-motivated guys and gals, just like you, come to learn from a diverse mix of experienced mentors, including the world's best professional and academic minds, scientists, relationship experts, entrepreneurs, bestselling authors, and other badasses. This show will make you a better networker, better connector, and -- most important -- a better thinker.


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This content is password protected. To view it please enter your password below: Password: … [Read more...]
Andrea and Dan, The Willows St Kilda Road
The Willows St Kilda Road - Andrea and Dan Willows St Kilda Road wedding - I'd been talking via Skype to Andrea and Dan over a year or so in preparation for their Willows St Kilda Road wedding. So … [Read more...]
The Willows wedding – Anna and David
A Willows wedding A Willows wedding - highlights from Anna and David's wedding at The Willows in Melbourne. It was an awesome day for a Willows wedding - with the summer light just dying on an … [Read more...]


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There are times when the weather will not work well for animal photography. Either the sun is to high in the sky, the weather is bad or the light is completely flat.
Moose Henderson
Jackson, US
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The couple's guide to everything.
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Event: Neha Dhupia, Jagjit Singh, and Poonam Pandey were seen at the music launch of their upcoming release GANDHI TO HITLER.
Guest List: Neha Dhupia, Poonam Pandey, Bhavna Pani, Jagjit Singh, Rakesh Bedi
Venue: Infinity mall, Andheri, Mumbai
Date: 12-Jul-2011
Bollywood actress Malaika Arora Khan was snapped at Bandra.
Bollywood actress Shraddha Kapoor was snapped at Bandra.
Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt's wife Manyata Dutt along with kids were snapped at Bandra.
MERI PYAARI BINDU stars Ayushmann Khurrana and Parineeti Chopra were snapped at filmistaan studio to promote their upcoming film MERI PYAARI BINDU.
Sizzling HOT Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra was snapped at Mumbai International Airport.


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Ludovico Einaudi - Nuvole Bianche [HD]
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APA Journals Dialogue
APA Journals Dialogue is an audio podcast series featuring interviews with authors of exciting research recently published in an APA journal. In each episode, authors describe their findings, methodologies, and implications for future work. The podcast series is an ideal resource for researchers, practitioners, and students in the behavioral and social sciences.
Episode 18
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
Drs. Roman Kotov and Robert Krueger present the findings of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology consortium.
Episode 17
Examining Burden Among Caregivers of Veterans
Dr. Joan Griffin describes the unique challenges facing caregivers of veterans with traumatic brain injury and polytrauma and proposes a model for predicting mental health outcomes in this population.
Episode 16
Motivations for and Effects of Watching Wedding Reality Television
Dr. Veronica Hefner discusses the association between motivations to watch wedding-related television and specific romantic beliefs.
Episode 15
Reuniting an Aging Prison Population With Their Communities
Dr. Tina Maschi discusses the stigma facing aging people reuniting with their communities post-prison.
Episode 14
Introducing the November Special Issue of Canadian Psychology
Dr. Martin Drapeau discusses the psychological needs of immigrant and refugee communities.
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APA and the Editors of the participating journals assume no responsibility for statements and opinions advanced by the guests of APA Journals Dialogue.


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Nodes in an ad-hoc network
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This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Nodes in an ad-hoc network can easily run routing protocols designed for wired networks, provided the nodes contain proper protocol stacks. However, specific features like low bandwidth and high rates of interference present a design problem which is very different from routing in wired networks. A large body of research exists to tackle these specific issues.
Routing In Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
Work on ad-hoc network routing started as early as the 70's with research on the DARPA PRNET project. Since then, numerous protocols have been developed that take into account the characteristics of wireless networks. Routing for wireless ad-hoc networks can generally be categorized as either table-driven (proactive) or on-demand (reactive) routing.
Table driven routing protocols attempt to maintain consistent up-to-date routing information about the distance to every other node in the network. These protocols react proactively by sending update messages in response to topology changes. Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV) and Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP) are two widely known table driven routing protocols for wireless networks. DSDV is based on the classic Bellman-Ford routing mechanism, in addition to which it uses sequence numbers to distinguish stale routes from new routes, thus avoiding the formation of loops. WRP, on the other hand avoids the "counting-to-infinity" problem by maintaining second-to-last hop information about every destination node. However, as shown in , table driven routing protocols that aim to maintain consistent information at all times usually suffer from high control overhead.
The IETF working group for Mobile, Ad hoc Networking (MANET) has provided impetus for routing protocols in ad-hoc networks. Most of the routing protocols proposed in the MANET working group are on-demand routing protocols. On-demand routing protocols were designed with the aim of reducing control overhead, thus increasing bandwidth and conserving power at the mobile stations. These protocols limit the amount of bandwidth consumed by maintaining routes to only those destinations for which a source has data traffic. Therefore, the routing is source-initiated as opposed to table-driven routing protocols that are destination initiated. Most on-demand routing protocols do non-optimum routing, i.e., a route does not necessarily have to be the shortest path from a source to a destination in order to be used for forwarding packets; a route is used as long as it is valid. This feature also reduces control overhead.
There are several recent examples of the on-demand routing approach. These examples include Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Associativity Based Routing (ABR), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) [38] and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). The routing protocols differ on the specific mechanisms used to disseminate flood-search packets and their responses, cache the information heard from other nodes' searches, determine the cost of a link, and determine the existence of a neighbor. However, all the on-demand routing proposals use flood search messages that either: (a) give sources the entire paths to destinations, which are then used in source-routed data packets (e.g., DSR); or (b) provide only the distances and next hops to destinations, validating them with sequence numbers (e.g., AODV) or time stamps (e.g., TORA).
Issues Specific To Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
Five key issues need to be addressed when designing a routing solution for wireless ad-hoc networks. First, changes in topology may cause a routing protocol to create permanent loops in its tables. A classic example of this is the permanent looping caused in Routing Information Protocol (RIP). When a loop is formed, data packets keep traversing the loop, causing congestion and using up resources like buffer space and link bandwidth. A wireless network running an algorithm that does not prevent permanent loops is even more susceptible because of the high rate of topology change. A by product of congestion is the reduction of battery life of routers, causing partition of the network in extreme cases.
Second, with most of today's on-demand routing protocols, when a destination fails or becomes unreachable from a network component, a source trying to obtain a path to the destination finds that its flood-search for the destination fails, but is unable to determine whether or not it should start another flood search. The search could have failed simply due to temporary link failures induced by fading or node mobility, for example. There are no inherent mechanisms in these on-demand routing protocols that would prevent a source from repeating its search in the event that the destination is not reachable, which we call the searching-to-infinity problem. This problem also makes the (wired or wireless) network running an on-demand routing protocol susceptible to a unique form of attack, where a malicious router can indefinitely query a network for a destination that does not exist, thus causing congestion due to queries. Consequently, external mechanisms are used today in order to stop sources from sending unnecessary queries. In DSR and AODV, routers do not keep state about the search queries in progress, and the application accessing the on-demand routing service must implement a hold-down time after a search fails; however, just as is the case in Cisco's IGRP [25], it is difficult to determine an adequate length of hold-down time or how many times a source should persist requesting a path to a destination. In addition, each source must go through the process independently.
Third, solutions that depend on sequence numbers to maintain loop-freedom (AODV) or prevent searching to infinity (TORA) are usually not fault-tolerant. When a node fails and restarts, it resets its sequence number and this will lead to a situation where its updates are discarded until the sequence number catches up to the highest advertised value. Given that there will be higher rates of node failures in ad-hoc networks, it is imperative that a routing solution should not stop working when nodes fail.
Fourth, wireless networks suffer from low bandwidth and high rates of interference. To conserve on precious bandwidth, routing protocols should generate as few updates as possible. Mobility also increases the bandwidth used for control packets. As links go up and down frequently, more updates need to be sent to maintain correct topology information. When congestion due to control overhead increases, the convergence time of the routing algorithm increases, causing more and more data packets to travel along wrong paths and waste more bandwidth. Therefore, bandwidth efficiency is very important in wireless networks. Higher bandwidth efficiency results in higher battery life.
Lastly, as the number of multimedia applications increases, quality of service metrics like delay and jitter become important issues in wireless networks. Multipath routing has been shown as a favorable alternative both for circuit switched and packet switched networks as it provides an easy mechanism to distribute traffic, balance network load as well as increase probability of delivery. These protocols use table-driven routing algorithms (link state or distance vector) to compute multiple routes. On-demand routing protocols lend themselves very naturally to multipath routing because the route discovery process can be tuned to return multiple paths and hence are key to QoS routing in ad-hoc wireless networks.
Organization Of Thesis
Our aim in this thesis is to design protocols that specifically tackle issues encountered in wireless networks. The first design issue we tackled was the "searching to infinity" problem. We designed the Routing On-Demand Acyclic Multipath Protocol (ROAM), which is the only on-demand routing protocol that tackles the searching to infinity problem and has correct behavior in the presence of network partitions. ROAM uses only distances and internodal coordination to maintain loop-freedom at
all times. ROAM does not rely on sequence numbers and hence is inherently fault-tolerant. We also provide the first correctness proof for an on-demand routing protocol that does not allow searching to infinity. Our work on ROAM is presented.
On Demand Routing Using Diffusing Computations
Prior work in on-demand routing has followed three main approaches to ensuring that the routes obtained are free of long-term loops. Loops are formed when a router picks an upstream neighbor from it as the next hop towards a destination.
The Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is an example of using complete path information to avoid loops. In DSR, the network is flooded with queries when a source requests a search for a route to a destination. Finding a route results in a reply being sent back in a route reply packet and the resultant routes are stored in a route cache at the sender. The entire route is put in the header of a data packet and this route is used to forward packets.
The ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing algorithm (AODV) is an example of using sequence numbers to avoid long-term loops. In AODV, each destination maintains a sequence number that it updates every time there is a connectivity change with its neighbors. A router accepts those routes for a destination that are associated with the largest sequence number received for that destination. In turn, the destination always uses odd sequence numbers, and routers whose routes to the destination break increase the sequence number for the destination and report an infinite distance to it. AODV uses a query flooding technique similar to DSR.
The Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) is an example of using time stamps and internodal coordination to avoid looping. TORA uses a link-reversal algorithm to maintain loop-free multipaths that are created by a query-reply process similar to the above two algorithms. TORA relies on synchronized clocks to create timestamps that maintain the relative ordering of events.
Both AODV and DSR suffer from the "searching to infinity" problem which is described. TORA provides a solution for searching to infinity, but TORA uses logical synchronization which would not perform correctly in the presence of partitions unless clocks are sychronized across the network. This is a difficult requirement to fulfill in an ad-hoc network.
The work presented in this section introduces a new approach to the establishment and maintenance of loop-free routes on demand in either wireless networks or wired networks. We present the ROAM (Routing On-demand Acyclic Multipath) algorithm, which uses internodal coordination along directed acyclic subgraphs defined solely on the routers' distances to destinations. We call the operations used to coordinate nodes "diffusing computations". ROAM extends the diffusing update algorithm (DUAL) to provide routing on demand.
In ROAM, a search query in a connected component results in either the source requesting a route to a destination obtaining its answer, or all the routers determining that the destination is unreachable. Hence, ROAM eliminates the need for application-level mechanisms to prevent excessive flooding of searches in the event destinations are not reachable.


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An unknown commodity at the beginning of the 2008 draft process, Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie made a name for himself at the Senior Bowl and Scouting Combine and elevated his status from a third round prospect to a mid-first round pick. It's hard to expect a player from the Division I-AA level to have an immediate impact, and at first Rodgers-Cromartie got off to a slow start. But the top prospect in the Cardinals organization got more comfortable with the defense as the season progressed, and the promise and playmaking ability he showed leading up to the draft began to surface. Rodgers-Cromartie played in all 16 games, starting 11, and turned doubters into believers with a rookie campaign where he had his 42 tackles and four interceptions. His ability to turn defense into offense was on display last year during a Week 14 contest against the Seattle Seahawks when he returned one of his four interceptions for a 99-yard touchdown. Rodgers-Cromartie's ascension at the end of the year continued into the playoffs, and in the Cardinals first playoff victory in 61 years, he played a huge role and recorded nine tackles and an interception. At 6-foot-1, 182 pounds, Rodgers-Cromartie is expected to step up his game to a higher level in '09 and take the next step in his progression towards stardom.
When the Cardinals selected former Penn State offensive tackle Levi Brown with the fifth overall pick in 2007, the pick was questioned but understood because they needed a young tackle that they could build their offensive line around. At 6-foot-5, 325 pounds, Brown started every game but one at left tackle for the Nittany Lions, and when the Cardinals selected him they envisioned him holding down that side of the line for the next decade. But it was determined early on that Brown fit best on the right side, and that's where he's played in his 27 career starts. Even though he hasn't lived up to the enormous hype he came into Arizona with just yet, Brown is still an integral part of the teams future and warrants the distinction of the franchises No. 2 rated prospect. He played in 13 games, starting 11 as a rookie and performed well, but last year, as a starter in all 16 games, Brown suffered a sophomore slump and allowed 11 sacks. Brown is a major part of the offensive line, and for the Cardinals to be a successful offense, they have to keep Kurt Warner healthy, and that all starts with the play upfront. The Cardinals need Brown to rebound this season and become the dominant force they believe he can be.
The success that Brown has on the line this year will also benefit the Cardinals 2009 first round pick, running back Chris Wells. Wells had a tremendous three-year stay at Ohio State where he finished his career rushing for 3,382 yards on 585 carries and scored 30 touchdowns. The success that Wells had in college, combined with the fact that he was a first round pick who has a chance to have an immediate impact, makes him a logical selection as the Cardinals third rated prospect. At 6-foot-1, 237 pounds, Wells is a big, physical runner who has the ability to break free in the open field. He has great vision and displays patience when identifying a hole to attack. He sets up defenders nicely using his deceptive shiftiness and features a strong stiff arm to pick up tough yards. He has the ability to carry the load and take over a game. Durability is an issue, because he's a bigger back that takes on more direct hits. But if he's healthy, he has the potential to be one of the elite backs in the NFL.
The emergence of wide receiver Steve Breaston last year was an unexpected, but pleasant surprise for the Cardinals. During his four-year career at Michigan, Breaston was an accomplished receiver, but it was his ability as a return specialist that caught the attention of scouts. And it was his return skills that made him a key contributor as a rookie. In his first year with the Cardinals, Breaston played in all 16 games and amassed 1,786 return yards and scored one touchdown. As good as Breaston was in '07, nobody could have imagined the success he had last year, which cemented his status as the fourth rated prospect in the organization. After Anquan Boldin went down with a serious injury, Breaston started 9 of 16 games in his place and finished the year with an astounding 77 receptions for 1,006 yards and three touchdowns. All three Cardinals receivers, Breaston, Boldin and Larry Fitzgerald, had over 1,000 yards in '08, becoming just the 5th receiving trio in NFL history to accomplish that feat. This year, Breaston will play in the slot and should continue to have success. The attention that Boldin and Fitzgerald receive on the outside will allow Breaston to see a lot of single coverage and create more opportunities to work in space.
The most surprising draft pick from the Cardinals '08 class, and the unsung hero on offense throughout the season last year, was running back Tim Hightower. A highly productive runner at Richmond, who ended his career with the Spiders with a breakout senior campaign carrying the ball 327 times for 1,924 yards and 20 touchdowns, Hightower was selected in the fifth round after flying under the radar leading up to the draft. Listed behind veteran Edgerrin James on the depth chart last year, Hightower performed extremely well when he had a chance to play. The fifth rated prospect in the organization, Hightower started off as a situational runner when the season began, but eventually replaced James in the starting lineup. Playing in all 16 games last year and starting seven of them, Hightower had 143 carries for 399 yards and 10 touchdowns; he also caught 34 passes for 237 yards. With the Cardinals drafting Wells in the first round this year, it appears he has the upper hand on the starting job moving forward. But with Wells nursing an ankle injury, Hightower will likely begin the year as the starter. For Hightower to hold on to the job, he will have to improve his 2.9 YPC and show he has the explosiveness to be an every down back. As a short-yardage runner, Hightower is efficient, but in the end he may just turn out to be a compliment to Wells.The Cardinals have two more 2009 draft picks appearing in the top 10, second round defensive end/linebacker Cody Brown (No. 8), even though it was just announced that he will miss the '09 season with a dislocated left wrist, and fourth round cornerback Greg Toler (No. 9). Also checking in the top 10 are defensive end Calais Campbell at No. 6, wide receiver Early Doucet at No. 7 and defensive tackle Alan Branch at No. 10. Just missing the cut were safety Rashad Johnson, guard Herman Johnson and tight end Ben Patrick.
A member of the Pro Football Writers of America and the Football Writers Association of America, Chris Steuber has provided his analysis of the NFL and NFL Draft prospects on the web and on the radio since 1999. Steuber's features are published across the Scout.com network and on FoxSports.com. If you wish to contact Chris Steuber, email him at: email@example.com.


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Have you ever grown cosmos flowers? They are so delicate and beautiful yet remain flowering right into autumn. As the weather turns cooler, their myriad of colours keep the garden aglow. My husband grew them from seed and our garden stayed looking lovely into the middle of October - inspirational!Painted using acrylic ink (and a little sparkle!) on a deep edged canvas, presented in a white painted, solid wood tray frame.
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Acrylic painting by Theresa Shaw
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Hotel at a Glance: Wyndham Atlanta Galleria
Located on the city's north side, the Wyndham Atlanta Galleria features modern interior design, a spacious fitness center, and recently updated rooms. The hotel is just a 15-minute drive from downtown and even closer to the Cobb Galleria Centre, the upscale Cumberland Mall, and Perimeter Mall.
- Nearby attractions: the CNN Center and the Buckhead entertainment district
- Complimentary shuttle takes guests within a 5-mile radius, including to MARTA stops
- Chattahoochee Grille offers breakfast buffets with made-to-order omelets in a casual setting. Lunch and dinner are also available.
- Kick back and watch the 42-inch flat-screen TV in your guest room.
- Make a splash in the indoor-outdoor pool, which has floor-to-ceiling windows and a spacious sun deck.
Highlights of Atlanta
- Named 1 of 50 Places of a Lifetime by National Geographic, Atlanta lies near the Chattahoochee River in a region known for its magnolia, pine, and dogwood trees.
- Piedmont Park: Stroll through its 185 acres of botanical gardens, hiking trails, and oaks.
- Atlanta History Center: features one of the country's largest Civil War exhibitions
- The Fox Theatre, opened in 1929, features imposing Egyptian architecture and a custom-made organ with a network of 3,622 pipes. Tours take place on Monday, Thursday, and Saturday.
- The High Museum of Art spotlights more than 12,000 pieces of contemporary and folk art, ranging from Renaissance paintings to photographs from the civil-rights era.
- Georgia Aquarium is one of the world's largest, with more than 8 million gallons of fresh and marine water and more than 100,000 animals.
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Flexible working
Flexible working arrangements are generally at the discretion of employers, however a basic requirement will be your ability to access the internet so you can access your companies secure network.
If your employer can enable flexible working arrangements and provide the appropriate equipment and secure network access, high speed fibre broadband can maximise your productivity with speedy access and the option of high quality video conferencing.
Setting up your business
If you are starting your own business and plan to work from your home, having access to a high speed fibre broadband network will make life easier.
- A high speed fibre broadband network will support and enhance your upload and download speeds, meaning that heavy data files or high resolution imagery will not stall or take hours to retrieve.
- Your ability to use social media as a marketing and communications tool will improve as you will be able to tweet your product updates, update your customer base via facebook using high resolution imagery or videos without lengthy upload delays or worse still stalling.
- Your website functionality will improve as you take control of design, imagery and content. High speed fibre broadband will enable you to perform updates when and where it suits you, keeping your website current and your customers aware.
- Reduce your travelling and accommodation costs by talking to colleagues or customers over Skype thanks to the quality of live video that high speed fibre broadband provides.
Using the cloud
Utilising high speed fibre broadband to access cloud computing will give you access to affordable business software and business applications. The cloud will also support your data storage needs, ensuring your information is safe and retrievable no matter where you are.
For those that don't consider themselves to be tech-savvy, terms like the cloud may be enough to get you to switch off. As a concept the cloud is very simple; it means data is saved over the internet instead of on a hard drive. In essence "The cloud" is just a metaphor for the Internet. In fact, you're probably already using cloud without knowing it – Google apps, Facebook and webmail like Yahoo are all examples of cloud computing because the information is stored in data centres and accessed via the internet.
High speed fibre broadband isn't necessary for accessing the cloud, but it helps. Large files or multiple files can be uploaded or downloaded in a matter of seconds. Meaning no downtime waiting for files to load, and the ability to share information is instant.
The Irish Internet Association (IIA) and National Standards Authority of Ireland (NASI) have produced SWiFT 10 Adopting The Cloud – Decision Support For Cloud Computing which can be found on the Cloud Computing Working Group resource site.
Tips To Working From Home
When you are working from home for the first time, there are a few things you need to remember. For starters, there is only you – no corporate IT department to call if you have a problem.
So be prepared. Make sure you identify what and where your nearest support options are before you need them.
Below are some important questions, and the answers you'd expect to hear from a reputable provider. If you don't get reasonable answers to these questions, it's time to look elsewhere.
Asking the cost of a service seems like a question you'd be unlikely to forget but for many people, losing access to the computer is on par with losing the ability to apply reason and logic.
Expected Answer:
The answer will depend on the nature of the problem. For certain problems there will be standard charges (e.g. a service). For an error related problem they should give an hourly rate and expected number of hours to repair. You should request that a heads up is given should it look like the expected hours will be exceeded. You do not want the repair to cost more than a replacement Laptop. However remember retrieving of lost data can be a mine field – so always do your backups daily.
If there isn't a fixed cost for the type of service you need, or if the repair service offers a callout service, they may quote rate per hour. This will usually apply as a cost per hour or part thereof. This means that if they work for an hour and ten minutes, they are entitled to charge for two hours. Make sure you're aware of this before you start.
Business operate on tight budgets, the last thing you want is the repair service working on it for nine hours at €50ph when the machine only cost €400 new.
Expected Answer:
I can't be but these types of problems usually take [x] hours to fix.
If it is not possible to tell you with certainty what the problem is before opening the machine, a good repair service will at least give an indication. This is your opportunity to decide at what point of investigations and costs you are willing to walk away from what might be lost, in other words, is the repair likely to cost more than a new device.
Sometimes when the repair service opens up the machine, they find it is a simple solution and can have it fixed in just 10 to 15 minutes. If you're lucky enough and your problem is that easy, you should still be made aware of how much you will be charged.
As with anything in business, it is important to know if there are any hidden fees before you start.
Expected Answer:
No. or Parts will be charged in accordance with our price list
Depending on the nature of your problem, the repair service should be able to tell you what is or isn't included.
It is important to know what level of guarantee you can expect on the service provided. For example, if you received an error message like "stop OxOOOOOOO78B" it would be fair to expect that this error message would not appear again and the computer repair service corrected the problem for you.
Expected Answer:
Yes. For most problems we guarantee our service for [30 to 90] days.
Anything less than 30 days is not a good deal. If more than 90 days is offered, it is wise to read the fineprint of what is and is not included in that guarantee.
As far as "most problems" are concerned, don't expect any repair service to remove a virus and then guarantee that you won't be infected by it again.
All questions about cost might seem obvious, but how long is very important, especially if you can't operate your business without your PC.
Expected Answer:
You should be able to pick up your PC in 24 to 48 hours.
Of course the right answer depends on your availability and need, but if you're getting multiple quotes you may need to ask yourself if it is worth paying more to get a faster service.
Also remember that just because they can take your computer straight away is not the same thing as working on it straight away. An answer like "bring it in as soon as you're ready" is not the same as "we wil have it back to you by [x]".
Don't forget to back up your files at the close of business each day. There is no reason why you would not have your files backed up daily, the option of cloud computing makes it just too easy.
If you prefer the hardware option for backup, you can buy an external hard drive and keep your data there. Just remember, to keep your hard drive and computer in separate locations. If there is a fire or flood, a backed up drive is no use to you if it is damaged by the same incident that damaged your computer.
Loss of data can mean down time, loss of business opportunities or costly attempts of recovery (which may or may not be successful). No business can afford these direct or indirect costs.
Password security
Always use and change your password regularly, and make sure it is strong
A strong password:
- Is at least eight characters long
- Does not contain your name (username, real name or company name)
- Does not contain a complete word
- Is significantly different from previous passwords
- Contains at least one character each that is uppercase, lowercase, number and punctuation.
Make sure you keep an eye on your computer stock levels, paper for the printer, ink for the cartridges, and if possible identify a local cartridge re fill centre. Don't miss a deadline because you had to run to the shop.


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Windows 7 Activator Free Download Full Version
Windows 7 Activator
Windows 7: matter Free transfer to activate any version of Windows seven. it's jaw dropping easy. you'll use it on no matter system, that you've got put in windows seven on. Windows seven remains below use by various customers of the Microsoft Corporation. As Windows seven has altogether totally different user communication + interaction interface. Whole reciprocal level of themes then different editions of Windows like XP, Vista, 8, 8.1 and 10. Talking panorama they're each drained versions of windows and alittle oldies. And once it involves eight, 8.1 and one0 edition of Windows operational systems they're bit terribly new then seven however supply restricted as compared to Windows seven. Newer versions square measure somewhat a lot of suited to updated systems. Systems with bit screens. Systems of status proficiency.
Windows 7 Activator
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Speed up your debug routine!
Automated exception search integrated into your IDE
Tired of useless tips?
Method 'getBarToStringConverter' already defined in ITD (ITD target 'com.foo.ApplicationConversionServiceFactoryBean_Roo_ConversionService')
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text: Poland's "Smartest" Guy Click to block a category:GamingPoliticsNewsComicsAnimeOther diegotan next random Comment Top NextComment I hope this guy is either stoned or drunk. Subtitles work better on YouTube, as somehow they are so small on FJ. next Tags: SSC | mtb | student | polish | poland | Interview | Stupid | questions | Flags | Countries | knowledge +5 Views: 1657 Submitted: 11/08/2012 Facebook Twitter Google+ Tumblr Pinterest


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Back Pain Tips That Will Help You Feel Better
If you are one of the thousands of Americans who are suffering from daily back pain then you know just how debilitating and depressing it can be. It is a very difficult ailment to live with, however there are a few excellent tips, which if applied carefully can give a lot of relief. Here's some of them:
Make sure you keep the amount of twisting to a minimum, especially if you're carrying something heavy. If you're twisting or turning excessively, you could end up pulling a muscle or damaging your spine. When at all possible, earthing material keep the amount of twisting you do to a minimum, if you can't eliminate it completely.
Don't ever ignore any back pain. Some people refuse to pay attention to the warning signals their body sends them. They would rather just 'walk it off'. When you move a lot, you can actually make your pain worse. You should back off and take it easy, and listen to the signals your body is sending.
Exercise is one of the best ways to help get rid of and prevent back pain. You might think that exercise can cause further back pain, and it obviously could if you chose the wrong type or amount of exercise. However, exercise is good for you, and too must rest can actually hurt your back even more.
When moving heavy objects such as furniture, push earthing mat it rather than pull it. Pulling on a heavy object places much strain on your back and spine. Pushing transfers this effort to your stomach muscles and your shoulders, which can handles the strain better than can the muscles in your back.
Do not lift anything that is too far away from you. Always move closer to the object and do not twist around to grab something like in the back seat of a car for example. Do not extend from the couch and reach for things that are too far away either.
If you want to avoid any potential back injury or just simply wish to alleviate your current back pain, it is important that you never attempt to bend over from a standing position. Always bend your knees and work to lower your entire body. Allowing your back and its muscles to bear the brunt can cause pain.
grounding mats Be sure that you wear comfortable sneakers or shoes if you suffer from back pain. Walking with heels or other uncomfortable shoes can make you walk improperly and cause back pain to begin or increase. Try to buy sneakers that are fitting and have a rubber sole on the bottom for the best support.
There are many people who suffer from back pain in silence because they feel as though it is something to be embarrassed about. There is no shame in having pain and it doesn't mean that you are old as there are lots of causes that can lead to this problem.
If you have back pain and have the money for it, consider paying for a visit to the chiropractor. Chiropractors are trained in many different ways to help minimize pain in your body and many specialize in back pain. If it works out financially, a trip to the chiropractor might just cure what ails your back.
An acupuncture session can be a great way to temporarily relieve back pain. Just remember that acupuncture is not a long-term solution, but it does provide great temporary relief. Don't be afraid of the long needles they stick in your body, because by the end of the session you will be begging for more.
Many claim that strengthening the abdominal muscles can actually help to prevent against back pain and even relieve existing back pain. This is because the abdominals stretch around your side and back and aren't just those "washboard" muscles in your lower stomach. If you strengthen this group of muscles, you can prevent back pain.
If you're wearing a backpack, make sure that you wear it properly if you want to eliminate back pain. You should not wear these packs on your shoulders. The straps are for your shoulders. The actual body of the pack should be closer to your lower back so that the weight is spread evenly.
Before you begin to exercise or do any other type of physical activity, you should always warm up to prevent muscle pulls and cramping. Even if you're only going for a light jog or a walk around the block, a muscle cramp in your lower back can cause excruciating pain that will not soon subside.As we have discussed in this article, lower-back pain is a leading cause of distress for many American adults. The pain can feel severe, and like it will last forever, but it doesn't have to. Relieving back pain, though sometimes difficult, is not impossible. In this article, we have provided some useful tips that can help. Give them a try the next time your back just doesn't feel right.


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Food Network Kitchens
2 ready-made pie crusts (see recipe here)
1 cup sugar
4 1/2 cups blueberries
1 lemon
5 tablespoons flour
Preheat oven to 180 degrees. Unfold first pie crust and press into pie dish. Place blueberries in strainer and rinse. Drain berries and add to large bowl. Add flour and toss to coat. Add sugar, a squeeze of lemon and a dash of salt. Pour berries into pie shell. Cut other pie crust into 1'' strips. Place strips on top of crust in criss-cross pattern to form a lattice. Bake for 45 - 60 minutes or until bubbly. Serve.
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About This Activity
We're sorry, but this activity is over. The last meeting was Monday, December 12, 2016.
Are you ready to play the world?s most popular game? Boys and girls learn basic skills such as dribbling, trapping, passing, shooting, defense and team play, all in a fun and encouraging environment. Meet in the gym. Registration: 410-313-7275. Info: Brian Wyman, 410-313-4705 or email@example.com.
Meet in the gym.
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MAC Meadowbrook Athletic Complex at Meadowbrook Athletic Complex
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Howard County Goverment


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Law courses are intended to be taken by those wishing to further their personal development. Whether you take the courses in a classroom or online, there are a variety of specialized study areas. Some of these include regulatory theory, commercial law and intellectual property.
Transportation engineering is a subcategory of civil engineering specializing in the analysis and improvement of transportation systems. In a transportation engineering masters program, you will learn how to analyze, find a problem and fix traffic patterns on roads, rails and in the sky.
If you are thinking of any higher education system that will affect your life positively while giving you practical knowledge and skills, then Canada's education system is what you need. Travel to Canada for your education will make you appreciate the creativity and innovation of the lecturers in these higher learning institutions.
Commonly referred to as the cultural capital of Canada; Thunder Bay is a fabulous area to undertake your studies, and at the same time feel at home. Almost all cultures are represented here, therefore, by joining the higher education institutions in the city, even if you are a foreigner will excellence will be the most likely outcome.
Request Information Course Studies in Transportation Engineering in Thunder Bay in Canada 2017
The School of Aviation at Confederation College has a well-established Aviation Technician - Aircraft Maintenance program designed and developed in consultation with Industry and Transport Canada [+]


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