text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 2, 2003
|Filing date
|Dec 1, 2000
|Priority date
|Dec 2, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John A. Trezza
|Original Assignee
|Teraconnect, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (3), Classifications (25), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/168,492 filed Dec. 2, 1999.
This invention relates to the readout of and the writing to an optical disc and more particularly to a method and apparatus for performing these functions in parallel through the utilization of a multiple quantum well device.
Advances in semiconductor technology over recent decades have led to ever increasing capability. With this capability comes the need to process ever more data. Closely related to this need is the need to store and to retrieve data at ever increasing rates and quantities. There have been numerous technical advances in the technology of storing and retrieving data, but these approaches have been largely incremental.
The development of significant improvements in read/write technology, not only will improve the efficiency of data transfer to and from a storage medias such as an optical disc, it will also enable applications which can use the improved read/write technology across a wide variety of industries due to the increased ability to access information.
Nowhere is this more important than in the optical disc field. Here, either DVD discs or CDROM discs are presently read out in a serial fashion by a single read head. Likewise encoding or writing to optical discs is presently accomplished by a single write head. The utilization of a single head moved in a spiral pattern above an optical disc leads to the ability to transmit data only in a serial manner such that many revolutions of the optical disc are required to transfer data.
There thus exists the problem of how to decrease the time it takes to perform a read function of an optical disc. Existing DVD and CDROM systems operate by sensing the contents of tracks. The tracks are semi-circular segments of the disc from which the DVD or CDROM is made. To read the entire contents requires many rotations of the DVD or CDROM. What is needed is a way to decrease the time it takes to read the contents of a DVD or CDROM.
Moreover, there is a problem of how to simultaneously read and write data onto an optical disc. Existing technology requires that reading and writing to a disc be done sequentially. Doing so consumes considerable time. What is needed is a way to read and write simultaneously to a disc.
Moreover, there is a requirement to reduce the number of moving parts related to the transfer of data to and from an optical disc. Currently available optical discs have a laser read/write assembly that spirals in and out to address all of the tracks on the disc. This motion requires two degrees of freedom, and hence includes complexity that a system with a single degree of freedom lacks. What is needed is a way to reduce the number of degrees of freedom so that fewer moving parts are required.
Of course with improved technology there is a possibility of reducing the power required for read/write operations to an optical disc. Reducing power used to write new data to an optical disc is desirable in part for economic reasons, but mostly for reliability issues. What is needed is a way to reduce the power required for read/write operations on an optical disc.
As illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,679,947; 5,066,138; 5,305,299; 5,786,947; 5,737,284; and, 5,987,001 there have been many systems devised for reading to an optical disc and writing to it.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,679,947 describes an optical device having a light emitter and a photo sensor, whereas U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,138 refers to the use of holographic elements. U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,299 describes a support mechanism for an optical block in optical disc drive, whereas U.S. Pat. No. 5,786,947 describes an optical pick up device for condensing light from a light source on a single recording surface. Finally U.S. Pat. No. 5,737,284 describes a rapid access to a target track within a program area, whereas U.S. Pat. No. 5,987,001 describes an optical disc drive changer.
It will be appreciated that none of the above reference describe parallel read/write capabilities and as such do not offer the advantages of parallel capabilities in so far as reading and writing to an optical disc.
In the subject invention, parallel read/write capability is provided by the use of a multiple quantum well modulator/emitter/detector device which functions in either one of the three modes dependent upon biasing. These devices are located in a linear array over the surface of an optical disc. In one embodiment, the devices are paired so that the first of the devices operates as a light source, whereas the second of the devices in the linear array operates as a detector of the light reflected from the surface of the disc. It will thus be seen that data can be read from the disc in parallel, with the linear array of devices in one embodiment numbering 1000. This means that the linear array extends radially across the top surface of the disc from the periphery to the center of the disc.
Because of the multiple functionality of the device, the devices can be co-located into what is termed hereinafter a bi-linear array. This multiple functionality is achieved in one embodiment through the utilization of a multiple quantum well device which responds to biasing to determine its function.
For gallium arsenide multiple quantum well devices it has been found that the switching via biasing can be made to occur as fast as the drive signals can be changed. Thus, in one embodiment, a single multiple quantum well device can be used sequentially to emit or reflect light and then to detect the reflected light from the optical disc.
Regardless, the use of such multifunctional devices permits a linear array to be used in the read/write functions so that all information transfer can occur with a single revolution of the optical disc.
In summary, a method and apparatus utilizing a multiple quantum well modulator/emitter/detector pixel in a bilinear array permits reading or writing to an optical disc in parallel such that information may either be written to or read from an optical disc within one revolution of the optical disc. Thus while existing DVD and CDROM systems operate by sensing the contents of a spiral track, parallel readout afforded by the multiple quantum well modulator/emitter/detector provides as much as 1,000:1 advantage over single detector systems, with the biasing of the modulator/emitter/detector device determining whether the device is an emitter, detector or modulator. The co-location of the modulator/emitter/detector in a single device permits arranging devices in a linear array which is disposed over the optical disc for the parallel read/write functions.
These and other features of the subject invention will be better understood in connection with the Detailed Description in conjunction with the Drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a typical prior art optical disc in which a read/write head travels in a spiral pattern over the disc, yielding a serial data output or a serial data input;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the subject bi-linear array which supports parallel data transfer;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a multiple quantum well device for use as an element in a bi-linear array of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the doping to produce a multiple quantum well device;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the biasing of the device of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a chart showing the effect of biasing on the multiple quantum well device of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of the FIG. 3 device, further illustrating the structure of the device;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of the response of the device of FIG. 7 to biasing in terms of absorption coefficient vs. wavelength;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a read mode option utilizing two co-located modulator/emitter/detector devices;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a second read mode option in which one modulator/emitter/detector device emits light;
FIG. 11 is block diagram illustrating a write mode option in which one of the modulator/emitter/detector devices is made highly reflective to reflect light onto a disc; and,
FIG. 12 is a block diagram in which one of the devices is an active emitter to provide a second write mode option.
Referring now to FIG. 1, in the prior art an optical disc 10 is rotated in the direction of arrow 12 underneath a read/write head 14. Head 14 is driven inwardly towards the center of the rotating disc so as to effectuate a spiral pattern herein illustrated at 16. The result for either the read or write function is that the transmission of serial data as illustrated at 18.
Referring now to FIG. 2, what is shown is the preferred embodiment of the invention. Optical disc 10 rotates about its center axis. A supporting structure, attached to a frame (not shown) supports a modulator/emitter/detector pixel (MED) linear array 20 that extends radially inwards from the edge 22 to a point near the center 24 of the optical disc. The supporting structure also contains a sensing means 26 to determine the orientation of the disc. The bi-linear array 20 consists of pairs of modulator/emitter/detector, MED, pixels. MED pixels consist of multiple quantum well structures, such as shown in FIGS. 3-7 with electrical contacts on each end. Their functionality depends on the applied bias across the quantum well structure.
FIG. 3 illustrates an MED device, here illustrated at 30 to include a partial silvered mirror 32 at the top with a multiple quantum well structure 34 sandwiched between oppositely doped regions 36 and 38. At the bottom of device 30 is a fully silvered mirror 40.
Referring to FIG. 4, the multiple quantum well structure provides the intrinsic region 42 between a P-doped region 44 and an N-doped region 46. Both the P and N-doped regions are gallium arsenide. The alternating layer structure of the intrinsic region is provided by alternating layers of aluminum gallium arsenide and gallium arsenide.
Referring now to FIG. 5, device 30 is biased as illustrated by voltage 48 to perform the above mentioned functions.
More particularly and referring to FIG. 6, the basic structure of an MED pixel can be switched between highly reflective and highly absorptive states or between emitting and absorptive states as illustrated by the forward biasing illustrated at 50, the 0 biasing as illustrated in 52 and the reverse biasing as illustrated at 54. As shown in FIG. 7, in this device, the cavity generally illustrated at 56 contains a back mirror 58 that is much more highly reflective than the front mirror 60. When the applied bias is zero, the quantum well excitons provide little absorption at the operating wavelength. Incident light entering the cavity region is eventually reflected out of the cavity by the strong back mirror. With reverse applied bias, the cavity absorption is increased to the point where all of the incident light is absorbed as the photons oscillate in the cavity. Because of this absorption, such pixels can act as intensity modulators or as detectors.
FIG. 8 shows the absorption spectrum of a MED structure under two different bias conditions. When there is no applied bias, there is a region of high absorption and a region of low absorption. When there is a positive bias applied, the previously low absorption region shifts to longer wavelength so that the absorption is nearly uniform across the spectrum near the suggested operating wavelength. By using a wavelength in the range indicated in FIG. 8, changing the applied bias signal can change the absorption and reflectivity of the MED structure.
By applying a forward bias to one pixel of the MED pixel pair and reverse biasing the other, one pixel will emit light while the other pixel absorbs light. By positioning the optical disc in close proximity to the MED bi-linear array, light emitted by the forward biased pixel illuminates a small portion of the surface of the disc while the reverse biased pixel senses the reflectance of that small area. Thus, each MED pixel pair probes the surface of the disc and can determine whether a logical 0 or 1 has been stored in the small area.
By increasing the drive current to a forward biased MED pixel, it can emit enough light to modify the surface of the optical disc, i.e., write a bit of data.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9, the MED pixel can be used in a way such that in the read mode the reflectivity of the reflective pixel is made just high enough to provide enough light for readout. Here, a first MED 60 is utilized to reflect light 62 onto disc 64, from whence is reflected to MED 66. The same MED pixel structure could be used to write, as shown in FIG. 11, by increasing its reflectivity such that the power of reflected light from the now very highly reflective pixel is high enough to modify the surface of the disk i.e. write a bit of data.
In another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the first MED device 60 of each pair could be replaced by a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, VCSEL, and operated only between the emitting modes where the amount of emitted light would determine whether a read operation, as shown in FIG. 10, or a write operation, as shown in FIG. 12, was performed.
Finally, a single MED pixel could be used in place of a pair of MED pixels for each sensed/written bit. This method could be achieved by rapidly switching between reflective and absorptive or between emitting and absorbing modes and having one pixel perform the functions of two pixels. This can be achieved because the MED pixels can switch functions at gigahertz rates while the spinning of the disk occurs in the microsecond time scales, which are clearly far slower. Therefore, as far as the disk was concerned, a single pixel 'looks' like two pixels in this operating mode.
Given the very high switching speed of the MED pixels and the relatively long dwell time on each bit site, read times can be reduced substantially, thus lowering power requirements and increasing lifetimes. These same factors also apply to write operations, i.e., the duration of the write process can be optimized to provide a long system lifetime. Also because the entire disk can be read in one rotation, enormous quantities of power are saved compared to the motor power required to rotate conventional CDROMS or DVD disks many times in a typical read operation.
The switching speed of the MED pixels is of the order of gigahertz, while the rotation rate of the optical disc is of the order of hundreds of hertz. Consequently, whenever the surface of the optical disc is being probed, the surface is effectively standing still. There is therefore enough time to read any given bit on the disc, and then write new information to that bit site if desired.
Control of the bias condition of each pixel is accomplished with CMOS circuitry, so that with the appropriate logic instruction the MED pixel pair is either reading or writing. All of the MED pixel pairs can be addressed simultaneously, so all of the bits in a given radius of the disc can be read at once. With rotational motion of the disc and appropriate timing using the CMOS circuitry, the entire disc can be read. Likewise, the entire disc can be written to in one rotation. By implementing both read and write operations within the time it takes an MED pixel pair to traverse a bit on the optical disc, all of the data on the disc can be read and modified. Thus, the problem has been solved.
Having now described a few embodiments of the invention, and some modifications and variations thereto, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative and not limiting, having been presented by the way of example only. Numerous modifications and other embodiments are within the scope of one of ordinary skill in the art and are contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention as limited only by the appended claims and equivalents thereto.
Moreover, other embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the following claims:
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 12, 1989
|Nov 19, 1991
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Optical head apparatus
|Jun 18, 1992
|Apr 19, 1994
|Sony Corporation
|Support mechanism for optical block in optical disc drive apparatus
|Mar 11, 1996
|Oct 21, 1997
|Sony Corporation
|Optical device having a light emitter and a photosensor on the same optical axis
|Feb 22, 1996
|Dec 30, 1997
|Sony Corporation
|Optical device which detects reflected light with a push-pull method without dividing the reflected light
|Oct 9, 1996
|Apr 7, 1998
|Nec Corporation
|Optical disc drive having accessing from a current position within a lead-in area
|Apr 14, 1997
|Jul 28, 1998
|Sony Corporation
|Optical pickup device with a floating element
|Dec 12, 1996
|Jan 12, 1999
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Hybrid chip and method therefor
|Oct 8, 1997
|Nov 16, 1999
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Optical disc drive apparatus with disc changer
|Dec 15, 1998
|Aug 7, 2001
|Sony Corporation
|Method and device for instantly encoding digitized information on a stamper from which compact discs can be made
|Carl Beckmann, Applications: Asynchronous Transfer Mode and Synchronous Optical Network, Handbook of Fiber Optic Data Communication, 1998, pp. 385-414, Academic Press.
|Floyd E. Ross, An Overview of FDDI: The Fiber Distributed Data Interface, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Sep. 1989, pp. 1043-1051, vol. 7 No. 7.
|Kitayama, Ken-Ichi et al, Two Dimensional Parallel Optical Data Link: Experiment* IEEE, 1996 pp. 206-214.
|Kosaka, Hideo et al., Plastic-Based Receptacle-Type VCSEL-Array Modules with One and Two Dimensions Fabricated Using the Self Allignment Mounting Technique, IEEE 1987 or 1997 pp. 382-385 This is best copy found.
|Krishnamoorthy, Ashok V., Firehose Architectures for Free-Space Optically-Interconnected VLSI Circuits, Special Issue on Parallel Computing with Optical Interconnects, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Nov. 1996, pp. 1-10 complete article also see marked up cover and p. 6 included.
|M. Ajmone Marsan et al, Modelling Slotted Multi-Channel Ring All-Optical Networks, IEEE, 1997, p. 146-153.
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|Travers, Christine M. et al., VLSI Photonic Smart Pixel Array for I/O System Architectures, pub Jan. 1998, This is best copy found.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 23, 2002
|Aug 24, 2010
|Joseph Reid Henrichs
|Optical hard disk drive having a phase-change microhead array chip
|Jul 9, 2002
|Jan 9, 2003
|Henrichs Joseph Reid
|Light intensity modulated direct overwrite magneto-optical microhead array chip hard disk drive
|Jul 23, 2002
|Aug 28, 2003
|Henrichs Joseph Reid
|Phase-change microhead array chip hard disk drive
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 1, 2000
Owner name: TERACONNECT, INC., NEW HAMPSHIRE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TREZZA, JOHN A.;REEL/FRAME:011359/0293
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|Oct 29, 2002
Owner name: LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, A CORP. OF MARYLAND,
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Owner name: ALTERA CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
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|Apr 9, 2007
Owner name: ALTERA CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
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Effective date: 20070307
|Feb 18, 2011
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|Feb 25, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Finding Similarities Between Health and Life
Getting the Services of a Chiropractor Since you are living in a very competitive world, you witness that the people are finding ways on how to budget their time and resources. However, despite their busy schedules, they also think about their health. If you feel that health must be your top priority, then, it would really make sense if you decide to get a chiropractor out there. If you have some issues about your tendon, spinal cord, posture, reflexes, and lower back, then, chiropractors can help you cure or improve their conditions. Seeing a chiropractor would mean a lot for you but you have to see to it that there is really something detrimental on your health. There are some important factors that you need to consider before you eventually hire one. The information below would definitely be so significant in making a good decision. Though medical care is definitely provided to many patients out there, you have to know somehow that there is a therapeutic treatment which serves as an alternative called chiropractic. You will never have problems about chiropractic because you may just feel like you are in a massage spa. There is a manual process to be conducted on chiropractic treatment and you will surely never obtain scars because there are no major operations and injections involved.
5 Key Takeaways on the Road to Dominating Doctors
Chiropractors are also professionals because they need to take four years to study the methodology before becoming licensed. Your chiropractor has to check whether you suffer from neuromusculoskeletal problems or not. It is important for chiropractors to help you prevent neuromusculoskeletal problems so that your body will have normal functioning. There can be a little difference between medical treatments and chiropractic. You will get great satisfaction from both treatments.
A Simple Plan For Investigating Chiropractors
It is the spine that is the main concern of chiropractic treatment. You should be reminded that the nervous system really controls the body functions. Chiropractic practices can address spinal problems so better see one soon. Those body problems would mean that you really need to see a chiropractor out there as soon as possible. Since you grow older, your spine would even undergo degenerative changes and only chiropractor would make a difference. Chiropractic treatment is even believed to be the best help being given to old folks. Having arthritis, ear infection, muscle pain, and headaches make you think that you need to find a chiropractor. As you find a chiropractor, you should consider his expertise because his reputation is an enough assurance that you can get back to good health.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Need Help getting a local interopability project going? Ask the
State Interoperability Communications Team for help.
Upcoming Events & Training4/25-4/27/17 SIMCOM 2017
4/29/17 Prescription Drug Take-Back Day
5/2/17 9-1-1 Subcommittee Meeting
5/2/17 NPSBN Subcommittee Meeting
5/9/17 BSSA Communications Workgroup Meeting
5/11/17 Interoperability Council Meeting
5/14-5/17/17 WIPSCOM Conference
Quick LinksWisconsin Public Safety Broadband (WiPSB) Project
Wisconsin SCIP - February 2015
State of Wisconsin Field Operations Guide (WI-FOG)
WI COMU Standard Operating Guidelines 2.0 (Updated 2/9/17)
Wisconsin Recommended Public Safety Radio Channel Naming Standards (Updated 4/11/17)
Best Practices for LMR Encryption
Wisconsin Plan for Mutual Aid Communications Frequencies (Annex K)
WISCOM Procedure - Use of Regional and Statewide Interoperability Talkgroups
Monday, April 17, 2017
FirstNet SPOC Weekly Update - April 17, 2017
FirstNet News
· The next SPOC webinar will be scheduled in early May; FirstNet is working with AT&T to finalize the SPOC State Plan Review Guidance Package, which will be the key focus of the webinar. Information will be provided to all SPOCs and their team members as it becomes available.
· Last week, FirstNet continued meetings with AT&T. The teams are making good progress on State Plan development and are on track to deliver draft State Plans this summer. FirstNet Regional Leads and Consultation staff met with their regional AT&T counterparts to coordinate outreach strategies and activities.
· Also last week, FirstNet staff and former Louisiana SPOC Col. Mike Edmonson presented to the Executive Committee at the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) State and Provincial Meeting in Litchfield Park, Arizona.
· FirstNet staff provided a programmatic update at the Association of Public Safety Communications Officials (APCO) 2017 Western Regional Conference in Ontario, California.
· FirstNet staffed a booth at the Critical Care Transport Medicine Conference in San Antonio, Texas and talked with a number of EMS providers about how FirstNet will bring better data connectivity to their operations.
· This week, FirstNet will be participating in Connecticut Statewide Interoperable Executive Committee and Connecticut Public Safety Broadband Committee meetings in Middletown; an Oklahoma Public Safety Broadband Network Governance Board meeting in Oklahoma City; the Arkansas EMS Expo in Little Rock; the Georgia Emergency Management Summit and Training Sessions in Savannah; the International Trauma Life Support Ohio Conference in Columbus; the Smart Texas Revolution Conference in Dallas; and the 2017 Communications Academy in Seattle, Washington.
· Last week, FirstNet posted one new blog: PSAC Profile: National Emergency Number Association (NENA), and created a spotlight page to highlight National Public Safety Telecommunicator Week.
Media Watch
*The information provided is copied as-is from the media outlet source and is not edited by FirstNet. Links to non-Federal Government websites do not constitute endorsement of any product, service, organization, company, information provider, or content. Clicking on non-Department of Commerce hyperlinks will direct you to websites that are not under the Government's control.
Urgent Communications 4/11: Journey to FirstNet a story of remarkable persistence, refusal to succumb to doubters
Is "miracle" too strong a word to associate with the NPSBN initiative? Maybe, but the same could be said about a hockey game. However, when the full context of the challenges faced by proponents of a dedicated public-safety broadband network during the past decade is considered, the use of the word "miracle" it is not a significant stretch.
KLKN-TV 4/10: FirstNet in Final Planning Stages in Nebraska
That's where FirstNet steps in. It's a nationwide mobile broadband network by AT&T dedicated to public safety. "It's really very important that access to the bandwidth when they need it," Nebraska FirstNet Program Manager Bob Wilhelm said. The system will eliminate competition for access between first responders and the community. It will also allow any agency to connect to each other seamlessly.
Dallas Business Journal 4/10: AT&T picked to build nationwide wireless network just for first responders
AT&T Inc. has been awarded a multibillion-dollar federal contract to build a wireless network exclusively for first responders, in an effort to separate their communications from crisis-time congestion. The 25-year agreement includes a pledge from FirstNet, the name for the government-backed project, to provide 20MHz of spectrum and "success-based payments" of $6.5 billion over the first five years to support the buildout of the network.
Web and Social Media
FirstNet's social media presence grew at its normal rate this week. Twitter gained 56 new followers, now at 5,927. Facebook has 1,036 followers. LinkedIn now has 2,173 followers. YouTube has 420 subscribers.
Tuesday, April 11, 2017
FirstNet SPOC Weekly Update - April 10, 2017
FirstNet News
· Last week, in conjunction with kickoff meetings with new partner AT&T, FirstNet held webinars for both SPOCs and the PSAC to outline the next steps in the planning and deployment of the FirstNet Network. During the PSAC webinar, Chief (Ret.) Harlin McEwen officially stepped down as PSAC Chairman, passing on his duties to new Chairman Tom Sorley.
· Also last week, FirstNet CEO Mike Poth gave a keynote address at the Competitive Carriers Association Mobile Carriers Show in Las Vegas, Nevada.
· FirstNet Board member Jeff Johnson, President TJ Kennedy, and FirstNet staff were in Orlando, Florida for the 2017 Metropolitan Fire Chiefs Association Conference.
· On Friday, Jeff Johnson and FirstNet staff also presented to the Congressional Fire Services Institute's National Advisory Committee in Washington, DC.
· On Monday, TJ Kennedy participated in a panel presentation on information sharing at the 34th Annual Government Information Technology Executive Council Summit in Annapolis, Maryland.
· FirstNet staff also attended a meeting of the White House Council on Native American Affairs Public Safety and Justice Subgroup last week in Washington, DC.
· This week, FirstNet will be participating in the APCO Western Regional Conference in Ontario, California; the Critical Care Transport Medicine Conference in San Antonio, Texas; the IACP State and Provincial Meeting in Litchfield Park, Arizona; a Kansas Statewide Interoperability Executive Committee meeting in Overland Park; the Texas Police Chiefs Association Annual Conference in Woodlands; an Oregon Association of Chiefs of Police meeting in Bend; the Texas Public Safety Conference in Galveston; a Maricopa Association of Government meeting in Phoenix, Arizona; the Massachusetts Chiefs of Police Association Conference in Marlborough; a National Defense University Industry Study briefing in Washington, DC; and the FirstNet Spring PSAC Webinar.
· Last week, FirstNet posted five new blogs: 'Count Us In,' Baltimore Fire Chief Says of FirstNet; FirstNet Tech Team Goes to 2017 Mobile World Congress; FirstNet Receives Another "Clean" Audit Opinion; Thank you, Chief Harlin McEwen, and Best Wishes on your Retirement; and Tom Sorley to lead FirstNet's Public Safety Advisory Committee.
News from the PSAC, States and Territories
· New Jersey has developed a JerseyNet Fact Sheet and Things to Consider for Potential Users of FirstNet.
Media Watch
*The information provided is copied as-is from the media outlet source and is not edited by FirstNet. Links to non-Federal Government websites do not constitute endorsement of any product, service, organization, company, information provider, or content. Clicking on non-Department of Commerce hyperlinks will direct you to websites that are not under the Government's control.
Dallas Business Journal 4/6: How will AT&T monetize FirstNet and the public sector? A talk with Kay Kapoor, the woman in charge
FirstNet is a prime example. The 25-year agreement includes $6.5 billion from the Department of Commerce to be spent on the build out during the first five years. AT&T agrees to spend $40-billion on the network over the course of the contract. Crucially, the company also receives 20MHz of spectrum.
Urgent Communications 4/5: AT&T, FirstNet officials provide new perspectives on governors' 'opt-out' decision process
AT&T and FirstNet officials last week provided new details about information that governors should consider when deciding whether their states and territories should accept the FirstNet deployment plan or choose to pursue the "opt-out" alternative.
MissionCritical Communications 4/4: Judge's Decision Offers Insights into FirstNet's Contract Award Process
The U.S. Court of Federal Claims released a redacted version of Judge Elaine D. Kaplan's decision in Rivada Mercury's pre-award protest of the First Responder Network Authority's (FirstNet) contract award process, offering insights into the award process and the reasoning behind the judge's decision against the protest. Kaplan ruled in favor of FirstNet March 17, and about a week later, FirstNet awarded the contract for a nationwide public-safety broadband network (NPSBN) to AT&T.
Web and Social MediaFirstNet's social media presence grew at its normal rate this week. Twitter gained 89 new followers, now at 5,871. Facebook has 1,007 followers. LinkedIn now has 2,089 followers. YouTube has 414 subscribers.
Tuesday, April 04, 2017
FirstNet SPOC Weekly Update - April 3, 2017
FirstNet News
· Last week, following a Special FirstNet Board Meeting authorizing CEO Mike Poth to move forward with the FirstNet contract award, FirstNet announced a partnership with AT&T to build out the first nationwide broadband network dedicated to public safety.
· FirstNet and AT&T will hold a webinar for SPOCs tomorrow, April 4, at 1:00 p.m. to discuss further details of the partnership.
· Also last week, FirstNet had numerous staff members participating in the International Wireless Communications Expo (IWCE) in Las Vegas, Nevada. FirstNet President TJ Kennedy provided the keynote address, asking IWCE attendees to take a pledge to support the nationwide public safety broadband network for the next 25 years. Staff members presented at a number of breakout sessions, and FirstNet had an exhibit booth to engage with the thousands of public safety stakeholders in attendance.
· FirstNet congratulates PSAC Chairman Chief (Ret.) Harlin McEwen on receiving the IWCE Lifetime Achievement Award last week in Las Vegas!
· FirstNet also held a tribal listening session on Thursday in Bayfield, Wisconsin. Staff met with and listened to the concerns of tribal representatives from Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.
· This week, FirstNet will be participating in the Tribal Association of Sovereign Nations (TASIN) meeting hosted by the Chemehuevi Indian Tribe on their lands near Havasu Lake, California; the White House Council on Native American Affairs Public Safety & Justice Subgroup in Washington, DC; the Tribal Boundaries Workgroup of the National Boundaries Group (NBG) in Suitland, Maryland; the Competitive Carriers Association Mobile Carriers Show in Las Vegas, Nevada; a Rhode Island Interoperable Communications Committee meeting in Lincoln; a Vermont Public Safety Broadband Commission meeting in Waterbury; the Iowa FirstNet Public-Private Partnership Summit in Des Moines; the Metropolitan Fire Chiefs Conference in Orlando, Florida; a Congressional Fire Services Institute National Advisory Committee meeting in Washington, DC; and the Government Information Technology Executive Council (GITEC) Summit "Revolution of Solutions" in Annapolis, Maryland.
· Last week, FirstNet posted two new blogs: FirstNet Names AT&T Partner to Build $46.5 Billion Network for First Responders Nationwide and A "milestone moment" for public safety: Public safety leaders voice strong support for FirstNet's success.
Media Watch Sampling
*The information provided is copied as-is from the media outlet source and is not edited by FirstNet. Links to non-Federal Government websites do not constitute endorsement of any product, service, organization, company, information provider, or content. Clicking on non-Department of Commerce hyperlinks will direct you to websites that are not under the Government's control.
CNN Money 3/30: AT&T to build broadband network for first responders
FirstNet, an independent group at the Commerce Department, will kick in $6.5 billion over the next five years and provide broadband spectrum. AT&T will invest $40 billion over the 25-year contract to build and operate the network.
Washington Post 3/30: AT&T is building a new cell network that'll give cops and firefighters priority in a crisis
The 25-year contract announced Thursday directs AT&T to build and maintain the network, which is known as FirstNet and is unprecedented in its level of sophistication and scale.
Reuters 3/30: U.S. awards AT&T contract to build wireless network for first responders
The United States on Thursday awarded a contract to AT&T Inc. to build a nationwide wireless broadband network to better equip first responders, years after a federal commission recommended setting up such a system following the 9/11 attacks. FirstNet, an independent arm of the Department of Commerce, will provide No. 2 U.S. wireless carrier AT&T with telecom spectrum and success-based payments of $6.5 billion over the next five years.
Web and Social Media
FirstNet's social media presence grew faster than normal this week. Twitter gained 385 new followers, now at 5,782. Facebook has 960 followers. LinkedIn now has 1,987 followers. YouTube has 406 subscribers.
Thursday, March 30, 2017
FirstNet Partners with AT&T to Build Wireless Broadband Network for America's First Responders
Earlier today at the Department of Commerce headquarters, Secretary Wilbur Ross announced the selection of AT&T to build the First Responder network, the first nationwide wireless broadband network dedicated to America's first responders.
About the award
This contract award marks a significant investment in the communications infrastructure that public safety desperately needs for day-to-day operations, disaster response and recovery, and securing large events.
The high-speed network will be deployed specifically for the millions of public safety users in all 50 states, five U.S. territories and the District of Columbia, including those serving rural communities and tribal lands. The network will modernize first responders' communications and deliver specialized features that are not available to them on wireless networks today.
At the event, FirstNet was joined by Randall Stephenson, AT&T chairman and CEO, who said, "We are honored to work with FirstNet to build a network for America's police, firefighters and EMS that is second to none. This is an unprecedented public-private investment in infrastructure that makes America a leader and public safety a national priority."
As FirstNet Board Chair Sue Swenson noted in our news release, "This public-private partnership is a major step forward for the public safety community as we begin building the broadband network they fought for and deserve. FirstNet and AT&T will deliver high-speed connectivity to help millions of first responders operate faster, safer, and more effectively when lives are on the line."
Agreement terms
The following are high-level terms of the 25-year agreement announced today between FirstNet and AT&T:
· FirstNet will provide 20 MHz of high-value, telecommunications spectrum and success-based payments of $6.5 billion over the next five years to support the Network buildout – FirstNet's funding was raised from previous FCC spectrum auctions;
· AT&T will spend about $40 billion over the life of the contract to build, deploy, operate and maintain the network, with a focus on ensuring robust coverage for public safety;
· Additionally, AT&T will connect FirstNet users to the company's telecommunications network assets, valued at more than $180 billion.
This unique partnership brings together FirstNet, public safety and a global technology team with a proven track record and commitment to the public safety community. Together, FirstNet and AT&T will move with precision and urgency to deliver this much-needed infrastructure to first responders.
Learn more and help spread the word
Announcement resources are available on our website, including:
Tuesday, March 28, 2017
FirstNet SPOC Weekly Update - March 27, 2017
FirstNet News
· The FirstNet Board will convene a special meeting via teleconference tomorrow, March 28, from 9:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. EDT. Members of the public may listen to the open meeting by dialing in toll-free at 1-877-960-9067 (Passcode: 2095167#).
· Information about FirstNet's planned SPOC and PSAC webinars is forthcoming this week as it is confirmed.
· The Washington OneNet video "Shots Fired", about a shooting incident in April 2015 at North Thurston High School in Lacey, premiered in Seattle last Thursday. Washington SPOC Shelley Westall and FirstNet staff participated in a panel discussion on FirstNet after the screening.
· FirstNet has now completed 49 State Governance Body Consultation Meetings with a meeting in American Samoa last week. In addition, FirstNet held a Quality of Service, Priority, and Preemption (QPP) training session in Pago Pago the same day.
· FirstNet Board member Kevin McGinnis and FirstNet staff presented on FirstNet at the Center for Public Safety Excellence Conference on Friday in Garden Grove, California. The event drew a record number of public safety leaders, and attendees at the FirstNet breakout session were very engaged, with discussion focusing on the FirstNet timeline, costs, and security.
· FirstNet staff also presented to the Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP) Tribal Nations Training Week conference in Anniston, Alabama last week. The CDP (which is under the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)) brought together representatives from over 40 tribes. Attendees to the FirstNet session engaged in robust discussion on the history of FirstNet, the Governor's decision process, and how FirstNet uses tribal data.
· This week, FirstNet will be participating in a Special FirstNet Board Meeting via teleconference; the International Wireless Communications Expo (IWCE) 2017 in Las Vegas, Nevada; an FCC Region 19 700/800MHz Committee meeting in Windsor Locks, Connecticut; a Civilian Agencies Council meeting in Reston, Virginia; the Oklahoma Fire Chiefs Association Conference in Tulsa; a FirstNet listening session with Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota tribes in Bayfield, Wisconsin; a listening session with the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa in Russell, Wisconsin; the Pennsylvania APCO Conference in Lancaster; and the 34th Annual Government Information Technology Executive Council Summit in Annapolis, Maryland.
· Last week, FirstNet posted one new blog: FirstNet @IWCE Expo 2017: Sharing the future of public safety communications.
Media Watch
*The information provided is copied as-is from the media outlet source and is not edited by FirstNet. Links to non-Federal Government websites do not constitute endorsement of any product, service, organization, company, information provider, or content. Clicking on non-Department of Commerce hyperlinks will direct you to websites that are not under the Government's control.
Urgent Communications 3/24: FirstNet reschedules special board meeting for March 28, vote for AT&T procurement win still expected
FirstNet today announced that its board will conduct a special meeting next Tuesday—a day earlier than previously announced—when a vote is expected to set the stage for AT&T to be awarded with a 25-year deal to deploy and maintain the nationwide public-safety broadband network (NPSBN).
The Lakeland Times 3/24: FirstNet opens door for interoperability in public safety
In 2012, the National Telecommunications and Information Agency (NTIA) was tasked with creating a private communications network for public safety personnel. The network needs to offer nationwide cellular data for emergency services and enhance interoperability among jurisdictions. That network is now known as First Responders Authority Network (FirstNet) and five years later, it's closing in on becoming a reality.
Q-13 FOX 3/23: Documentary about North Thurston High shooting shares lessons learned
The other lesson from the film is all about communication. In the documentary you learn staff only had two cellphones and a radio. So the push now…"Having a broadband dedicated opportunity for first responders that no one else in on that they can utilize and communicate with everyone around them," said Olson.
Web and Social MediaFirstNet's social media presence grew faster than normal this week. Twitter gained 92 new followers, now at 5,397. Facebook has 791 followers. LinkedIn now has 1,914 followers. YouTube has 390 subscribers.


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Airxchange's 30+ years of experience manufacturing energy recovery ventilation components has culminated in designs having outstanding performance, reliability, and maintainability. Airxchange technology provides a stable, robust product developed from the experience of more than 200,000 installations. Learn More >
Check this page for exciting job opportunities at Airxchange, the leading manufacturer of commercial energy recovery wheels. Learn More >
Contains our sales and marketing brochures. Learn More >
Here's a web page summarizing our presentation at the industry's biggest trade show.
4/24/2017: The April issue of Engineered Systems Magazine features an article by a medical doctor who works as a consultant to improve the health and safety of buildings. Here, she provides an overview of the fresh air needs of the human brain, also referencing the recent economic/cognitive function study by the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
4/13/2017: Healthy Indoors Magazine has a pair of excellent articles on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The first article details how to use maintenance schedules to make sure ducts are free of particulates. Another article discusses how to design HVAC systems with IAQ in mind, as well as the benefits of exceeding code mandated fresh air ventilation rates. As always, we'd like to remind you that energy recovery wheels make it affordable to increase ventilation rates.
3/31/2017: ERV is a vital part of efficiency improvements in Canada! In December, the Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs adopted the 2013 update of ASHRAE 90.1 as part of a larger effort to increase HVAC efficiency. Ontario regulations also now require ERV/HRVs in all residential construction following the prescriptive path.
3/23/2017: Harvard Business Review discusses the economic impact of doubling minimum ventilation rates in the workplace. This piece relies on the groundbreaking research into healthy buildings at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. The return on $40 per year worth of extra ventilation costs per employee is $6500 worth of productivity!
Follow us on LinkedIn for regular updates on our company, plus industry and IAQ related news.
Click here to learn about our replacement and retrofit options for existing applications.
Calculate the potential savings offered by Airxchange wheels -- includes global weather bin data.


text:
Treasure Box
Want to give your loved one a unique gift? Handcrafted gifts are very thoughtful and will be much appreciated by the person receiving it. For example, you could make a small treasure box shaped liked a fish to keep mementos and jewelry inside. Follow these simple DIY steps and surprise your loved one this Christmas!
Materials needed:
- Hand file
- Sand paper
- Button
- Mounting tape
- Marker pen
- Drill
- Saw
- White glue
- 5pcs of plywood
- Fish shape paper
Step 1: Apply mounting tape on every layer of plywood.
Step 2: On the top of the last plywood, stick the fish shape paper on it.
Step 3: Cut out the shape of the fish with a saw.
Step 4: Drill out the fish's eye through 3 layers of plywood.
Step 5: Remove the mounting tape from the first & last plywood.
Step 6: Draw a circle on the balance 3 layers of plywood to make a hole on it.
Step 7: Scrape the hole with a hand file & remove the mounting tape from the 3 layers of plywood.
Step 8: Smooth the surface of all the plywood with sand paper.
Step 9: Apply white glue to stick the fish together.
Step 10: Cover the last layer of the fish & fix it to the layer underneath with a button.
You can now keep all your treasures in the fish or give it away as a present!
Prices for reference by MR. D.I.Y.:
Cookie Cutter – RM1.30
White Glue – RM1.50
Mounting Tape – RM0.80
DISCLAIMER: The prices and items shown on this website are for general reference only. Please check the latest price and stock availability before purchasing. Contact: 03-89611338


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Hindi translation of 'tutor'
Word Frequency
tutor /ˈtjuːtə, Am ˈtuːt- ˈट्यूटअ Am ˈटूट्-/
Word forms: tutors, tutoring, tutored
1. countable noun
A tutor is a teacher at a British university or college.
ब्रिटिश विश्वविद्यालय का शिक्षक mn
a tutor in something
a course tutor
a tutor group
SIMILAR WORDSteacher, lecturer
2. countable noun
A tutor is someone who gives private lessons to a pupil or a small group of pupils.
ट्यूशन पढ़ाने वाला व्यक्ति mn
3. transitive verb
If someone tutors a person or subject, they teach that person or subject.
कोई विषय पढ़ाना
She was tutored at home by her parents.
He still tutors medical students in anatomy.
Copyright © 2014 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
Example Sentences Including 'tutor'
The outcome was that Lady Crompton suggested that the boys share the tutor who was to come to the Grange.The Black Opal
Nor did he visit his tutor , nor take meals with his friends.The Broken God
The children, the governess and the tutor were ahead of them.The Ambassador's Women
Trends of 'tutor'
View usage over:
'tutor' in Other Languages
- Arabic: مُدَرِّس
- Brazilian Portuguese: professor professora
- Chinese: 家庭教师
- Croatian: učitelj
- Czech: lektor lektorkauniverzitní
- Danish: vejleder
- Dutch: privéleraar
- European Spanish: tutor tutora
- Finnish: yksityisopettaja
- French: tuteur
- German: Privatlehrer Privatlehrerin
- Greek: προγυμναστής
- Italian: insegnante privato insegnante privata
- Japanese: 個別指導教官
- Korean: 가정교사
- Norwegian: veileder
- Polish: nauczyciel nauczycielka
- Portuguese: professor professora
- Romanian: îndrumător îndrumători
- Russian: наставник наставница
- Spanish: tutor tutora
- Swedish: privatlärare
- Thai: ครูสอนพิเศษ
- Turkish: eğitmen ders
- Ukrainian: викладач
- Vietnamese: giáo viên phụ đạo
Translation of tutor from the Collins English to Hindi Dictionary
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In the locality, everyone he knew
Who never got letters, barring a few.
He was practically the man of letters
Never will he talk any silly matters.
Postman was his name for them
By their real names he knew them.
What an honor it is these days
People when mix up Deys with Rays.
For a corporator enviable feat
Will not get how much may sweat.
Come around the festival of lights
He will be ready for annual fights.
Twenty bucks he will take per home
Be it daddy or be it mom.
It was not a matter of alm
Nor an act of greasing the palm.
It was just a matter of right
He could crib,complain and fight.
Vigilance perhaps got this fact
Honor of service was hence intact.
Pay commission knew this without fail
Never it gave him a so good scale.
All was good though not so fine
Letters he delivered from nine to nine.
Hand written letters then suddenly went past
His name too could not long last.
Things so changed that he lost his wit
Poor man never knew what had hit.
High rise building came every where
Name their aliens looks very dare.
New faces unknown not much bothered
Old were lost their dreams got rogered.
He did not know the economic boom
It was for him an era of gloom.


text:
This website is distinctly Messianic, comprising the Abrahamic expression of faith, which is to the Jew and the Gentile with a Hebraic character. We affirm the fullness of absolute truth contained in the Bible, embracing the cross and identifying with the convocations of the Lord as seen in the Feasts, the Sabbath and Passover. We reject the legalism of many in the Messianic movement. We reject the Babylonian Pagan traditions of the church. We consider all people Jews and Gentiles and those in all churches who are truly born of the Spirit of the living God to be one family. We reject institutional organised denominationalism (division). We foresee a great falling away of much of the church in these days, while at the same time a great restoration of part of the church. We affirm and identify with God's plan and call to the Jewish people in these days and will support and stand with them as future brothers and sisters. We stand happily with pre / mid/ and post tribbers. Our slant is cautiously pre-trib, but hey, post tribber...you're still family! Today much error has been added to Christendom and much truth has been removed. The Prophetic Scroll's aim is to deal with these issues and assist you on your road to glory.
I was saved in 1976 and became extremely interested in Bible prophecy, being an ex war-correspondent and photographer. My calling and aim is to share the dramatic and all-important issues of prophecy relating to our day. This is a calling to unfold and share the wisdom of God as contained in His word. There is also much teaching in these pages for your heart. It's not all prophecy! Please study these things further yourself and understand that the format is non-exhaustive. Please search the scriptures to "see if these be true." This is a "watchman" and Bible prophecy teaching website.
•Please consider making a donation to this work, which comes to you free as a labour of love. The donations page has been updated and revised.
►Lord willing, the next edition will be entitled "The Great Return."
►We have now reached 35 million regular and returning visitors.
•Live "Breaking News" tickers - click the button top left, or Here.
●French candidate Marine Le Pen has an anti-Semitic streak. She will ban Jews from wearing the kippah in public and make it illegal for French Jews to hold Israeli passports. Her anti-Muslim views are justified, but she can't separate the two, at this early stage. (She's not in office yet.) Le Pen has distanced herself from the extreme anti-Semitism of her father, but the soft roots remain.
●British taxpayer money to go to terrorist that killed a British student. But there is more! Terrorist Jamil Tamimi is to receive a monthly "salary" of 800 pounds! (The Daily Mail UK)
●On Holocaust Remembrance Day, Israeli President, Rivilin said, "Persecution of Christians in the Middle East is a stain on humanity!"
Shabbat (Sabbath) begins on Fridays at 6pm and ends on Saturdays at 6pm. The purpose is to help the church and Israel become reconciled in Messiah and to identify the rift, and the needed restoration. There is much in the church that needs to change before it can be fully reconciled with the Jew. Likewise, changes in Jewish thinking are also needed.
21st April 2017
Shabbat Shalom to all:
War, stress and peace:
We are in such a volatile world situation. All it will take is for one madman with itchy fingers to hit the big red mushroom button and boom – we have a mushroom cloud. Then the response will come and we will have a big war. It's not unrealistic or far off!
This will be a big war, but will only be a precursor to world war like never seen before, in the soon-coming tribulation period.
There most certainly is a foreboding, ominous wind blowing!
We have a few "madman" candidates in North Korea, Syria, Iran and Russia, with China in the same boat although trying to be a friend of the West right now. It won't last. All are on the stage.
Europe is a simmering time-bomb with its Muslim migrants waiting for the "jihad" button to be pressed! Smaller incidents like the Paris police shooting remind us of the heart of terror.
The US is in a similar boat with their migrants, but they seem to be realising, and rightly so, that Trump is no Obama and they will get nailed quickly if they even think of jihad in America.
The eurozone is a giant failure and some members want out, Spain is the latest. This all means that the fragile bonds holding it together may break at any moment, throwing Europe, and the euro into a catastrophe. Only a big reform will be the option. Prophecy awaits this fulfilment!
Have you noticed that with all these world tensions on the go now, Israel is more or less out of the picture? At this time, the Second Exodus is gaining momentum in a big way. It's good that Israel remains off the main stage now, but we all know she will be dragged onto centre-stage soon.
It is news events like these mentioned that increase the stress levels of many people, even if they are far removed from the actual hot spots. The point is that in many cases, it's the news itself that is the cause of the stress and not so much the events.
What a wonderful privilege we have as believers in our Lord to be able to live free from stress, at least with much less of it than those with no hope in this world or the world to come!
The biggest stress-killer is the rapture.
We must understand that the rapture of the church is not an isolated event. It is a dispensation change. It ends the church age and starts the next, which is the seven-year tribulation period, which itself is the close of the Old Covenant.
The rapture is directly linked to the start of the tribulation. There is no gap between the end of one dispensation and the start of the next. There is no scripture supporting it, only some stretched interpretation to make way for the largely erroneous "imminence" doctrine.
There has been an age old argument and discussion on the possibility of knowing when the rapture is to happen. There's nothing wrong with that desire. Everyone wants to know.
But there are no independent signs of when it is going to happen. But what about the tribulation period, are there signs we can look for?
As I have said many times recently, there will be signs of the coming tribulation. If so, obviously the timing of a pre-tribulation rapture is knowable!
Yes, yes, I know all about the Revelation 12 sign. I haven't rejected it completely nor accepted it. I have it on the shelf. It would really be cool if everyone was wrong and we went in the rapture well before the sign!
Okay, so what are those signs of the coming tribulation?
2 Thessalonians 2:3 "Don't be deceived, for this day (the whole tribulation) will not come, unless the falling away (departure or rapture of the church) happens and the man of sin is revealed." (I've applied the correct translation of the words in this verse. If you're not familiar with them – look them up.)
Here we see the greatest sign of the coming tribulation and preceding rapture of the church. It is the arrival, releasing and identifying of the antichrist by the signing of a peace covenant.
As said many times, this will not suddenly happen overnight! Plans are made ahead of time for these things. They will be announced in the press, well beforehand.
●May 3rd sees a meeting between Palestinian leader Abbas and President Trump in the White House, to discuss a new peace initiative between them and Israel. Will this be the final deal? No it won't, but my point is that we see the meeting coming now.
We will see huge prophesied wars taking place before the tribulation begins. These could be part of the motivation for the Daniel 9:27 peace treaty. These wars will be the pre-cursor to a much bigger world war and conflict in the tribulation.
So, will we see the tribulation coming? The answer is yes. So, will we know when the rapture is coming? Again the answer is yes.
I've gone a rather long route to get to the point of this report:
Stress is all around us, and it's going to increase exponentially. But so is beautiful, glorious peace, in these days of turmoil.
Has the world and the fear of coming troubles clouded your vision and taken away your joy?
Psalm 51:12 "Restore to me the joy of Your salvation and uphold me with Your generous Spirit."
Peace will flow like refreshing waters for those who fear and know their God.
Psalm 42:5-8 "Why are you cast down, O my soul? Why are you disquieted within me? Hope in God...O my God, my soul is cast down within me; therefore I will remember You...Deep calls unto deep at the noise of Your waterfalls; all Your waves have gone over me. The Lord will command His loving-kindness in the daytime and in the night; His song shall be with me – a prayer to the God of my life."
Proverbs 10:25 "When the whirlwind passes by, the wicked is no more, but the righteous has an everlasting foundation."
Proverbs 15:24 "The way of life winds upward↑↑↑ for the wise that he may turn away from hell below."
Finally, concerning the seeking Jews in these dangerous days:
Romans 11:28 "Concerning the gospel they (Jews) are enemies for your sake, but concerning the election, they are beloved for the sake of the fathers."
My Jewish friends, all these dramatic events before us will involve you. You can choose to seek and find your Jewish Messiah right now and escape the tribulation, or you can choose to find your Messiah in the tribulation period. The former is far better than the latter!
Shalom † Joel.
Edition 226. September 24th 2014
Putin's Russia and WW111!
Putin's Russia and WW111:
Russia's honeymoon with the West didn't last long and has now ended in hostility. In fact the West is now crushing Russia through economic sanctions. The mad dog Putin has responded with a few barks, but soon he will bite back, bark and howl.
This edition is a bit strange for me. I'm writing about facts that have not happened yet. And yes they will soon be facts! These events are about to break onto the world stage. We have the advantage of being informed by our Lord beforehand.
The red bear of the uttermost north is arising. Thousands of years ago, the Bible prophesied this and his downfall.
Rosh was an ancient name for the territory called Russia today. It was originally called Rus. The biblical "Prince of Rosh" would be none other than the leader of this nation at the time of the great war of Ezekiel 38 & 39. It is Vladimir Putin.
Putin's world- history legacy will be the most terrible, devastating, nuclear war in history!
Putin the psychopath:
A psychopath is one who feels no emotions. Putin is considered a despot –dictator by many, but highly intelligent. He has no morals and in many ways is just like a street fighter. Because of his psychopathic nature, he is a dangerous controller.
Putin is a playboy, gladiator, a Tarzan, a romantic and one of the world's wealthiest.
He is a political chameleon, able to befriend whoever is good for his image. Dominance and power are the forces that control him. Some have compared him to Hitler, others to Mussolini. His true nature will become evident when he is drawn tragically into the battlefields of Israel.
His true colours are yet to be unveiled.
Why has he attacked Crimea and now Ukraine? Why will he join with a coalition against Israel very soon? There are primarily two reasons. The first is because this type of psychopath wants control. And the second reason will be to assist Russia out of her economic catastrophe.
Putin does fit the prophetic bill of Ezekiel 38 & 39, besides it too late for a new Russian leader now.
Russia's collapse:
Russia is undergoing an economic collapse right now. Things were looking okay just a short while ago. After the invasion of Crimea and Ukraine, the West slapped sanctions on Russia. Putin shrugged it off and threatened to respond with his own sanctions on the West. Then came the next round of sanctions and they began to bite hard. Now we have another round of economic sanctions coming from the EU.
Russia's GDP forecast has been slashed by the IMF and World Bank. OPEC has slashed Russia's oil-supply outlook. Their economy is sinking fast.
These graphs below are just two that show the economic injuries caused by sanctions on Russia. All other sectors of their economy are also being hit.
One of the causes of the war:
Ezekiel 38:12-14 "Let us go to take plunder and to take booty, to stretch out your hand against the waste places that are again inhabited and against the people gathered from the nations, who have acquired livestock and goods and dwell in the midst of the land. Sheba, Dedan, the merchants of Tarshish and all their young lions will say to you, have you come to take plunder? Have you gathered your army to take booty, to carry away silver and gold, livestock and goods?"
The description of all the goods and commodities shows that Russia will be in great economic turmoil as this war begins. Why else would it come for these goods?
This gives us one of the clear reasons for the invasion of Israel.
Of course no nation would use nuclear weapons if they wanted to take these sorts of goods. They were be ruined by nuclear fallout. Yet this does appear to be a nuclear war. What does this tell us? We can only speculate. It is very probable that Russia will find such incredible resistance from Israel that it all goes wrong and nuclear weapons come into the picture.
Russia's population has shifted from Christian to Muslim in recent years, although the Muslims are still the minority by a slight margin. The Muslim influence is being felt in almost every sector of their economy. Almost the entire south of Russia is now Muslim.
But the real big problem in Russia now is the Putin-caused economic downturn and resultant pressure on every sector. This is most certainly part of the "hooks in the jaw" which will draw Russia into conflict with Israel, which by contrast has a thriving economy and a land of abundance in almost every area.
Why will Russia invade Israel? The answer is because of the Muslim spirit of eternal hatred on the one hand, and on the other, the results of economic collapse and a great lack in food, livestock and commodities. (Ezekiel 38:13). They will also come to take Israel's new-found gas and oil.
Putin's strategies have been economically disastrous for Russia. The question is; what will he do next? If the past is anything to go by, he will make more tragic mistakes. Tensions are already at breaking point!
Ukraine will fall to Russia:
The land mass called Ukraine, (and some other nations) contains some parts of ancient Magog of Ezekiel 38.
In this incredible prophecy we see that Magog is under its prince, Gog of Rosh at the time of this great war. This clearly means that Ukraine's days are numbered!
The Ukraine PM says Putin wants to destroy Ukraine and restore the old Soviet Union. There is no doubt that this is what he wants to do. There is no other reason at all for the invasion of Crimea and Ukraine.
"Ukraine is on the brink of economic collapse." This was the headline in Business Insider on the 21st, a few days ago. Ukraine has been in trouble for a long time, but now thanks to the Putin invasion its position is worse. Ukraine is now in deep recession. Exports have fallen by 19% in the last month alone and GDP has fallen by 5% (a very big fall for GDP). Retail sales and industrial production are collapsing, while their currency is at record lows. Inflation is running at 14%.
Ukraine is weak, very weak right now. Russia is also economically weak now, but it is far stronger than Ukraine. Russia is weak, but has channelled a huge amount of resources to the military.
Timing of the war:
The main nation involved will be from the "uttermost north of Israel." (Ezekiel 39:1-2). There is only one significant nation north of Israel, which is Russia.
According to Ezekiel 36:24, it will be when Israel has been regathered to her land. In Ezekiel 38:8 it says that it will be in the "last days" and "latter years."
It must be in a time when Russia is in economic need. It must be in a time when Islam is united against Israel with a common cause to annihilate her. It must be at a time when Islam is a major participant in Russia. It must be in a time when Iran (Persia) can form an alliance of sorts with Russia.
It will occur when Israel is a "land of un-walled villages." (Ezekiel 38:11) This is not a reference to the current security fences and short sections of security walls in Israel. In Biblical times all the villages had large walls around them. The remains of some are still evident.
In those days, every village or city had a wall right around it. Currently, the security system is mostly fences, which do not surround the cities, as the old walls did. The image below is a compilation of artist impressions of the ancient villages and their security walls.
Israel is now a land of un-walled villages. It does not have walls around the villages and cities – not one of them.
So, each of these requirements for this war is before us today.
Other time factors:
The war will result in a seven year cleaning up period (Ezekiel 39:9) which sounds very much like the sort of cleansing required after nuclear fallout.
Many including myself believe that this familiar seven-year period is the tribulation- period. Meaning the war would have to begin and become nuclear right at the start, or near to it.
A key ally of Russia in WW111 is Iran (Persia). How will Iran be drawn into allegiance with Russia? Right now there is a loose alliance between Russia and Iran. Bear in mind that Israel is the main target of Russia in WW111 and right now is out of the picture. Bear in mind that Iran still wants to wipe Israel off the map.
The nature of the war:
Ezekiel 38:9 "You will ascend coming like a storm, covering the land like a cloud, you and all your troops and many people with you."
Bible prophets used descriptions that were familiar to themselves back then. It does the prophecy no harm to insert modern weaponry into the prophecy. But we must be careful and not go out of bounds here!
We can say that ascending like a storm cloud refers to aerial combat. Other verses use "horses" and other implements like shields. We can replace these with modern war-weapons.
How might it play out?
Both World Wars were caused by the efforts of some elitists to change the world economic order. War and disorder cause a cry for a new order. Word wars have always been about domination, control of social and ideological systems, and economic control.
Both world wars resulted in the creation of an international body. (League of Nations and United Nations.)
Both wars resulted in the creation of and propagation of communist control.
Russia's new bedfellow is Islam, which is now the second biggest religion in Russia and growing. Russia's new bedfellows also consist of major Muslim nations as well as China.
The USA:
Obama is either out on the golf course or snoozing somewhere. At the same time Putin is preparing for war. He has already sent a number of bombers out over Alaska and into Californian airspace just to intimidate the US and test their resolve. (A few days ago).
Russia is building and testing new nuclear missile launching systems. News out a few days ago, suggests Russia is upgrading her nuclear weapons. At the same time a news report maintains that the US still uses floppy disks in their nuclear technology. (True).
Russia is upgrading strategic bombers, "black hole" submarines (super-stealth subs), nuclear missiles, and a new array of super-efficient weapons. While the Russian economy gradually collapses, defence spending has been ramped up to $500 billion! Putin is behind this drive to put Russia in the military driving seat.
Obama has just called for new reductions in military spending and cuts to all military divisions, including the nuclear arsenal. Obama has singlehandedly weakened the US in the face of a rising angry bear.
Perhaps Obama thinks everyone loves him and wouldn't want to harm him. The fact is, this useless President Obama is setting America up for a nightmare fall.
The cold war is not over my friends; in fact it is just going into high-gear while the US President almost completely ignores it. The US President may be the very one who turns the American Dream into a nightmare of monumental proportions. The cold war is about to turn very hot!
●Putin is not preparing to invade Israel. He is preparing to attack Europe and the US. It will be some as-yet-unknown event that will draw Russia into Israel.
Interestingly Obama's approval rating is plunging. It's about the worst for any US President at this point in their presidency. Putin's approval rating is flying through the roof right now amongst Russians. It is at 80%!
The big danger is that this 80% means that the Russian population supports Putin. By the way, a lot of other nations in the east also support Putin and hate Obama.
The end of Putin:
Ezekiel 38:18-23 "It shall come to pass when Gog comes against the land of Israel, says the Lord, that My fury will show in My face. For in My jealousy and in the fire of My wrath I have spoken. Surely in that day there shall be a great earthquake (mega-seismic or great shaking), so that the fish of the sea, birds of the heavens and beasts of the field and all creeping things on the earth and all men shall shake at My presence. The mountains shall be thrown down. I will call for a sword against Gog...and every man's sword will be against his brother. I will bring him to judgment with pestilence and bloodshed...Thus I will magnify Myself and I will be known in the eyes of many nations. Then they shall know that I am the Lord."
Ezekiel39:29 "I will not hide My face from them anymore; for I shall have poured out My Spirit on the house of Israel, says the Lord God."
The end of this terrible war will result in victory for Israel. By the way, this "mega-seismic" event spoken of above may be an earthquake, but it may also be a reference to nuclear warfare.
The Prince of Rosh, Gog, will be destroyed by "sword" in this war. Again this may mean any of the modern weapons of war.
The end of this war ties in with the many descriptions of Israel coming to salvation in the tribulation period, especially towards the end of it.
Although the facts I've presented to you in this edition are widely held, there are obviously some variable possibilities, including timing. As you can imagine there are a number of variable options in identifying people, places and events. But this is the most logical scenario, in line with scripture and events before us now.
Israel, the only way you can be strong in the Lord, which is an immediate requirement, is by falling on your face in repentance before Him.
Great tragedy faces you Israel, because you will not repent en-mass.
Israel, your time is just about upon you. Israel, it's time to repent! No I don't mean repent of your sins, I mean repent of your 2000-year rejection of Messiah Yeshua, who is the only one that cancels out your sins and renews you from the inside out!
Some believe that the "King of the North" of Daniel 11 is the Russian leader. Some believe this individual will be the antichrist. I don't believe that the Russian leader is the antichrist. It does appear that this king of Daniel 11 is the Russian leader, but it is not that clear!
While ISIS sets up a new (ancient) caliphate, Putin is trying to turn the clock back as well, to restore the old Empire! It's not so much that he wants to re-introduce communism, but it is the control he desires.
The importance of all of this now is that it is playing out now. Yes it's early days in terms of all that is entailed in the prophecies, but nonetheless this is it starting up.
On top of this we have other major prophetic developments on the go simultaneously, and a lot more about to break.
●I do not necessarily agree with everything on this website below, but for those interested in taking this study further and looking more deeply into it, "Lamb and Lion Ministries" does an excellent job. Click Here.
Psalm 46:6 "The nations raged, the kingdoms were moved: He uttered His voice, the earth melted."
Isaiah 5:30 "In that day they roar against them like the roaring of the sea, and if one looks to the land, behold darkness and sorrow and the light is darkened by the clouds."
Jeremiah 31:31 "Behold the days are coming says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah."
I took this picture during wild flower season in beautiful floral kingdom of Namaqualand, South Africa.
If you want to see some more pictures of this most beautiful place click Here.
Shalom and grow in grace!


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The Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, commonly referred to as the AA, is the oldest independent school of architecture in the UK and one of the most prestigious and competitive in the world. Its wide-ranging programme of exhibitions, lectures, symposia and publications have given it a central position in global discussions and developments within contemporary architectural culture.
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The other way."In medio tutissimus ibis," --"down the middle," as they say in the dancing-schools — is a charming maxim when there is any middle to go down. But when some nice representative of the conservative species, who has adjusted his neat legs for a pleasant pirouette through unencumbered spaces of pleasantness and ease, finds his path incontinently blocked up, and discovers that there is no way through which he [330] may glide to measureless content, it is very ridiculous in him to persist in figuring fussily about, no matter how melodious may be the fiddles which call upon him to demonstrate the perfection of his glissando. Gentlemen who manufacture leading-articles for the London newspapers are much outraged by Mr. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. Gentlemen nearer home have also their perturbations. To free the slaves is to be rash and radical, and to follow all precedents and to confiscate that property which is most valuable and upon which we can most readily put the just finger of the law, is to encourage the whole catalogue of crimes, and to awaken under the breastbone of Jefferson Davis, passions which our best blood only can cool. The philosophic mind astutely contemplating these difficulties, and not discovering very clearly that middle course which should be pursued, but which will doubtless charmingly develop itself when two and two make five, seeks for a solution in the other extreme, and wonders if we should please our English critics better by avowing ourselves converts in soul and spirit to the doctrine of the divine right of Man-Owning. Better this than splitting hairs eternally! Better this than to be forever leering with one eye at Self-Interest, and with the other at Duty! Better accept in the full proportions of its gigantic diabolism, the Evangel of Brute Force, than to be always dyspeptically sighing at our troubles and shrinking like children from our medicine! These modern apologists of treason want a few lessons in manly and muscular wickedness. Now [331] they go bobbing about like the old Duke of Newcastle at a levee, shedding tears, hysterically laughing, asking what they shall do to be saved, following nobody's advice, cursing the Abolitionists heartily, cursing the Rebels just enough to be in the fashion, swearing that something must be done, pitying the North, commiserating the South and fancying that somehow--God only knows how!--if they were in Congress or the President's Cabinet, or at the head of the Army, they would smooth down every hair of this rebellious cat, and coax North and South, in the purple light of love, to fall amorously into each other's arms! Why will not these people see that comfort, convenience, necessity, consistency, all require them to say to the Rebels:
Gentle Patriarchs! Legitimate descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob! Most worthy and most injured Man-Owners! Salt of the Earth! You wish to own Niggers — Black, Yellow and White Niggers — without hindrance. A very reasonable wish! Believe us it shall be gratified. Not only shall you own them, but, to assist you in owning them, we will eat our own Bibles and Constitutions; we will fight your battles; we will pay your taxes; we will catch the fugacious for you without fee or reward; we will import Sambo for you in our brave ships; and whoever within our borders shall say one word against the equity, or the policy, of your unlimited charter, that man, by due process of law, we will hang, draw and quarter.Now this it seems to us, is the precise opposite of [332] the Emancipation Proclamation which has proved so acrid to the tender interiors of some Englishmen and of some Northern Democrats. The Rebel asks you to admit that his Slave system is beautiful. Well, then, let us admit it! To be sure we involve ourselves in dreadful responsibilities by doing so — we pile a mountain of corpses upon the Northern conscience — we admit the utter fatuity of the Northern mind — we own an error more monstrous than any people ever before committed — we spit upon the loveliness of civilization, and advertise ourselves atheists, hopeless of human progress, acquiescent in the misery of man, confessing him incapable of advancement, and the sheerest plaything of his own idiotic dreams! But let the baubles go! Let us throw away our rattles — pity, love, charity, humanity — the baubles of our childhood, and, grimly advancing to confront our bitter destiny, and crying piteously, "Good devil!" seal our Manichaean faith in the blood of the helpless and the despairing! Why should we not? The shuttles of Lancashire will again fly merrily — the great Juggernaut of Printing-House Square will grin approbation at us, with his gaping, bloody mouth — the bulky bales will again fill our ships — the Patriarchs will again adorn and fortify our Legislative halls — dear, delightful internal, not to say infernal, commerce will be resumed — churches will flourish and missions will multiply — of ploughshares and pruning-hooks there will be no end in the land! Talk about conscience! We assert without fear of contradiction from any good Conservative of the [333] Seymour-Brooks-Wood-en order, that no nation can afford to maintain a conscience. Conscience neither sows nor reaps, nor gathers into barns, nor lays up treasure on earth, nor spins nor owns ships. What do they care for conscience in Downing Street? Where would Louis Napoleon have been now, if instead of keeping two or three mistresses, he had been fool enough to keep a conscience? Tormented still by his tailor in a London garret! Of all ridiculous things in this ridiculous old world, thrice the most ridiculous is conscience. It belongs to ecclesiastical establishments — it is something to talk about — it is a handy thing to have in the house — it is an article for which you may have use upon an emergency — but, as for a homely, good, every-day conscience, why you might as well keep an elephant to do odd jobs in the scullery. Bold Britons find conscience a capital thing when they wish to form a Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts — but egad! when you come to Conscience vs. Cotton, John Bull is for the Defendant! Our little plan we trust will make everything easy. It is simply to give the Rebel Slaveholders all they ask — Slaves, the Presidency, the Congress, the Army, the Navy, the Treasury, the Control of Trade, the Direction of the American Church. Will they kindly consent to take us in hand? Will they intimate to our new government what we must do first? Do we kiss their hands or their feet? Or do we knock our forehead three times upon the ground in token of submission? Must Mr. Lincoln stand at a [334] church-door in a sheet, with a candle in his hand? Give us the etiquette of our formal surrender that we may be preparing for the final ceremony.
January 14, 1863.


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SIEGE: Titan Wars is a synchronous multiplayer mobile game for iOS and Android.
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Gods of Rome is a tap-and-swipe fighting game from Gameloft that oddly, has little to do with the gods of Rome.
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Production: Amateur
Running Time: 2 Hours 20 mins including intervalShow Times: 5:00 pm
About Dance & Song Extravaganza
Rainbow Dance & Theatre School present their annual
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I thought it would be helpful to create a page where you can always turn to upgrade your life.
These are tools I use every day which help my not only in my personal life but also my professional life. The tools listed below vary from productivity to home fitness equipment.
I will always add more to this page as I find new tools that have made an impact on me.
For easier reference I urge you to bookmark this page.
Nutrition Tools
Grassfed Meat: You are what you eat. Eating meat that grazes in a natural environment with a species appropriate diet will enhance your nutrient and vitamin intake. It's a no brainer.
Ninja Professional Blender: Forget spending $300+ on a blender. This Ninja does the trick. From veggies to shakes, it'll do it all.
Breville Juicer: There's plenty of debate on if juicing or blending is better. I choose both and nothing beats the Breville.
Kefir Grains: A fermenting powerhouse that should be apart of everyone's "feel great, be great" strategy.
Astaxanthin: An incredible antioxidant derived from micro-algae. Ton's of benefits.
Activated Charcoal: For over 10,000 years, healers from Chinese medicine have used if for it's absorption capabilities. It binds to toxins in your body and expels them before they enter your bloodstream.
Fermented Cod Liver Oil: With a healthy punch of Omega 3 (DHA) and Vitamin D, this is my go to brand.
Magnesium: You're likely deficient on Magnesium. It'll help you sleep, reduce your stress and comes with many other benefits.
Health hacks
Aquasana water filters: From traces of chemicals to feces, tap water is terrible to your health. So is spending hundred of dollars on bottled water. Purifying your water from consumption to shower is a smart hack that'll have great rewards to your health.
Stand up desk: You will continue hear about stand up desks and how they benefit your overall health. It gets us away from sitting all day. I love this product.
Orange glasses: These glasses block blue light at night that'll wreak havoc on your sleep. Wear them at least 2 hours before bed and sleep like a baby. I also like using candles after 9:30pm.
Workout Tools
Bowflex Selecttech 1090 Dumbbell: These adjustable dumbbells are dream for busy professionals. Just throw them in your garage and you have an entire set of weights whenever you get the urge to workout. I use mine frequently.
Foam roller: This is a necessity for everyone. Whether it's to roll out tight neck muscles from work or to work out stiff joints, this is mandatory. This little tool is a part of my morning ritual.
Stability ball: Not only do I use a stability ball for variation in my workouts. I also use it as my office chair. Talk about an all day core workout.
Pull-up bar: Pull ups are the "cream of the crop" in anyones fitness plan. They are not to be neglected. Put it in your office or use this tool at home, just make sure your doing pull-ups.
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Powercage: Not a beginner tool but if you want to maximize your fitness and lift heavy things, this is it. A powercage is necessary to getting testosterone boosting results. I'm in my cage 3 days a week and feel awesome with the routines I use. Just throw it in your garage or shed and call it a day. This tool can also be used as your pull up bar.
Asana: I use Asana for all my projects. My team and I can easily collaborate and get things done.
Evernote: Simply, the only notebook I use. It stores everything. It's my external brain.
Vibrams: Silly looking maybe but these shoes are a must to upgrade your fitness. You'll be surprised how weak your ankles and legs are when you get your first pair. A true testament on how typical sneakers are ruining our primitive mobility.


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- Jason P. Ericson, Charles J. Vörösmarty, S. Lawrence Dingman, Larry G. Ward, Michel Meybeck
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An assessment is made of contemporary effective sea-level rise (ESLR) for a sample of 40 deltas distributed worldwide. For any delta, ESLR is a net rate, defined by the combination of eustatic sea-level rise, the natural gross rate of fluvial sediment deposition and subsidence, and accelerated subsidence due to groundwater and hydrocarbon extraction. ESLR… (More)
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The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC series to issue scientific and technical publications. Manuscripts have been peer reviewed and edited. Documents published in this series may be cited in the scientific and technical literature.
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—The environmental factors that determine the ability of airborne lidar bathymetry (ALB) to detect the seafloor are not well understood; however, water clarity is often considered the single factor for detection. A comparison of data from two different ALB systems (LADS-MKII and SHOALS-3000) of a small area offshore Gerrish Island, Maine, USA shows a… (More)
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a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: salt marshes sedimentology stratigraphy pollen accretion relative sea level climate effects Sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics of five tidal marshes in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, which is located on the western boundary of the Gulf of Maine, were assessed from 20 vibracores, detailed descriptions of… (More)
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We are obtaining not facsimiles, but the actual material prepared by Pasteur. You will have, in the near future, a Pasteur collection which will be incomparable in the world, for in addition to these facsimiles from Paris, we have other material not in the Pasteur Museum. This controversial statement was the starting point for a study of the authenticity of… (More)
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Taking Aim - Renaissance-style
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ByDiscovered by Player FM and our community — copyright is owned by the publisher, not Player FM, and audio streamed directly from their servers.
Catherine Fletcher unveils handguns' explosive Renaissance origin
571 episodes available. A new episode about every 2 days averaging 15 mins duration .


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If you have stumbled across my long winded but thoughtful little article, chances are you're in..
Hey Squares! Fashion has always been one of the many ways in which I express..
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Most Helpful Guy
Pretty face, great rack, could do with some weight loss.
You said honest.21|10|0
Pretty face, great rack, could do with some weight loss.
You said honest.
Have an opinion?
Amazing lips
I think it would help to lose a few pounds.
It looks as if you've got a slight strabismus, am I right?
honestly... without da glasses and natural lips u'd b FAR better in my opinion :-)
Atttactive maybe less bright lipstick
Get a little more exercise. Not being rude, just honest
Your face and hair are really beautiful but to be honest you have to lose weight :)
Your glasses are askew lol...
I would let you blow me...
Seriously just lose that weight you got there!!
if you want honest sexy young lady
you're cute, i'd date you.
3/10 Not attractive.
Pretty face great chest I think you are beautiful!
Hot, hit me up if you ever wana chat!
would let u give me a blowy n then i would fuck those big fuckin titties :)
Should lose some weight, would be much more attractive if you did.
How the hell do you know what her body looks like? All you can see is a very pretty face and some cleavage
When you have extra weight, it will accumulate on your face as well.
You need to whip off your glasses and lose weight.
Cute, but cuter without lipstic... less is more! Yes to natural beauty!
You're gorgeous, but maybe loose a little bit of weight. Tbh, it doesn't look bad on you, but you'd look slightly better if your face was a tiny bit thinner.
You cannot undo this action. The opinion owner is going to be notified and earn 7 XPER points.