text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 1995
|Filing date
|Sep 12, 1994
|Priority date
|Sep 25, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Edward A. Neff, John Moss
|Original Assignee
|Systems, Machines, Automation Components Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (35), Classifications (20), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of continuation-in-part application Ser. No. 08/231,703, entitled "Improved Actuator With Translational and Rotational Control", filed Apr. 22, 1994, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/024,503, entitled "Actuator With Translational and Rotational Control", filed on Mar. 1, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,315,189, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/996,893, entitled "Working Transporter Device With Replaceable Grip", filed on Dec. 28, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,222, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/765,130, entitled "Workpiece Transporter", filed on Sep. 25, 1991 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,456.
The present invention pertains generally to machines which are useful for the automated assembly of products. More specifically, the present invention pertains to apparatus and devices which are useful for inspecting, assembling and positioning component parts in a product assembly process. The present invention is particularly, but not exclusively, useful as an apparatus for the quick movement and precise positioning of relatively fragile component parts, in an appropriate translational and rotational alignment, during an automated assembly procedure while generating both extremely light forces and normal forces on the component parts.
Numerous devices which are useful for the automated assembly of products have been successfully used for many years. In each instance, automated assembly devices have been employed with a view toward increasing the efficiencies and accuracies of the methods, procedures and processes which are followed during the manufacture and the assembly of a completed product. Indeed, the vast majority of consumer products are now manufactured on assembly lines which incorporate automated assembly devices.
It is easy to appreciate that as the complexity of a manufactured product increases, there may also be a commensurate increase in the complexity of the machines that are required to manufacture the product. This is particularly so where the component parts are delicate or fragile and precision is important. For example, many products require the precise positioning and assembly of extremely small and light weight components in their manufacture. More specifically, these operations require precision in both the linear translational movement of the component into position and in the force with which the component is moved and assembled with other components. Rotational movements of the component can often be acceptably accomplished with a lower degree of precision. For instance, some operations require only that rotational movements of approximately 90� or 180� be accomplished.
Furthermore, for quality control purposes it is often necessary that there be some way to obtain a real time check on the precision with which the component was positioned during the assembly of the product. Where very small, fragile or light weight components are being used in the manufacturing process, and where either very light forces or normal forces are required for the assembly of these components these considerations become very important.
Of the known devices which are typically used for automated assembly, systems incorporating solenoids can be quite precise. However, the forces which solenoids impose on components during their handling of the component can be destructive to the component or be otherwise unacceptable. One other general type device, the well-known stepper motor, also deserves some mention. Generally, stepper-motor systems can be spatially precise in their operation, and the forces which they generate can be effectively controlled. Stepper-motors, however, are bulky items and do not have good light force generation characteristics. In some manufacturing procedures these factors can be of significant disadvantage. Pneumatic devices are not known for performing with high precision, primarily because of their damping characteristics. However, they are sometimes suitable for achieving some modes of motion in a precision device. An example of this is in a transporter device in which the only required rotational movement of the assembly component is a rotation of approximately 90� or 180� without high precision. Such a need might arise in the assembly of a component which incorporates self aligning features, or in the placing of a component on a conveyor belt for packaging. Consequently, the present invention has recognized that an electronically operated system can be effective for the precise placement of a product component during assembly without encountering the force and spatial problems confronted by the above discussed types of systems. The present invention also recognizes that, in some applications of a precision transporter apparatus, the rotational mode of motion can be adequately and economically accomplished by the use of a pneumatically driven rotary actuator. More specifically, the present invention recognizes that a voice coil linear motor can be applied for these purposes, and that a pneumatic rotary actuator can be coupled with the voice coil linear motor, to accomplish certain high tolerance rotational motion.
While U.S. Pat. No. 4,498,023 which issued to Stout for an invention entitled "Voice Coil Linear Motor with Integral Capacitor" addresses some of the issues which are of concern to the present invention, it does not address all of the important issues. For example, the present invention is concerned with maintaining precise concentricity between the parts of the device as they move relative to each other. Stout does not precisely address this problem. Further, the present invention envisions a compact configuration for the device which may not be attainable with the cylindrical coil disclosed for the Stout device. Additionally, due to the suggested magnet strengths, a device such as the one disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,498,023 can expect to have heat generation problems which drastically effect the proposed sensors accuracy thereby rendering the device ineffective.
The present invention also recognizes there are instances when it is important that a work product be both precisely moved in a translational motion, and oriented rotationally, but with a higher degree of tolerance. Further, there are instances when it is necessary for the work product to be rotated to join the work product to another component such as when it is necessary to thread or screw one component into another.
In addition to the advantages alluded to above, an electronic system has other characteristics which can be advantageous for a device which is to be used in the automated assembly of an end product. For example, some electronic system can rather easily lend itself to compact configurations. Further, an electronic system is responsive and can be configured to provide signals which can be used to monitor and control the operation of the system.
It has also been recognized that many components are relatively fragile, and that such components should not be subjected to compressive forces by a gripping means. Finally, it has been recognized that it can be advantageous to have a gripping means which can grip a variety of different shapes and release them with great precision, without imparting directional forces such as those which can result from typical grasping mechanisms.
In light of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device for moving, inspecting and positioning a component in an automated assembly operation which is capable of picking-up, transporting and depositing fragile and light weight components. It is another object of the present invention to provide a device for moving and positioning a component in an automated assembly operation which has effective control of either extremely small forces or normal forces, and which can control such forces within a relatively fast response time. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device which can transport assembly components with minimal bounce (i.e. little, if any, changes in linear direction) at the end of a component placement operation. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a device for moving, inspecting and positioning a component in an automated assembly operation which can be effectively monitored for real time verification of operational accuracy. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device for moving and positioning a component in an automated assembly operation wherein there is appropriate control over both the translational and rotational positioning of the work piece being transported, and which can grip a component without applying compressive forces on the component, and without imparting directional forces on the released component. Another object of the present invention is to provide an automated assembly device which is relatively simple to use, is relatively easy to manufacture and is comparatively cost effective.
An apparatus for transporting and positioning a workpiece in an automated assembly procedure includes a housing, with a magnet fixedly mounted on the housing to establish a magnetic field within the housing. The magnet is preferably a rare earth magnet and is formed with a projection that extends through the central chamber of the housing. A coil piston, formed with an open passageway, is slidingly mounted on the housing and is positioned to surround the magnet with the projection of the magnet extending through the passageway. For an alternate embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of magnets can be mounted on the housing and the coil piston can be slidingly mounted on the housing for reciprocation in the magnetic field between the magnets. In either case, a conductive wire is wrapped around the coil piston to create a coil assembly.
In accordance with the present invention, the apparatus also includes a grip which is mounted on the coil piston to hold the workpiece or product component during its transfer from a supply source into position for product assembly. Preferably, the grip is a hollow rod which is mounted on the coil piston for linear movement with the coil piston and for rotation on the coil piston about the longitudinal axis of the rod. For one embodiment of the apparatus the grip can have an end piece which is operable to grasp the workpiece or component to be moved. In an alternate embodiment for the apparatus, a vacuum source can be operatively connected with the rod to create a suction through the hollow rod that holds the workpiece or product component against the rod during transport. The rod is rotatably mounted within a sleeve, with the vacuum being applied to the interior of the rod via the sleeve. The sleeve is sealed against the piston, and the rod is sealed against the sleeve, to prevent vacuum leakage.
For the operation of the apparatus of the present invention, a source of electrical current is provided and is connected directly to the coil of the coil assembly. Electrical currents from this source are passed through the coil as desired by the operator. Because the coil is disposed in the magnetic field that is generated by the magnet, current flow through the coil creates a force on the coil piston. This force then moves the coil piston and the grip relative to the housing. Additionally, the apparatus itself can be moved in any manner well known in the art, and the concerted action of apparatus movement and the movement of the grip relative to the rest of the apparatus can be used to transport a workpiece or a product component from one location to another.
A position sensor can be mounted on the housing of the apparatus to detect the location of the coil piston, and hence the translation position of the grip, relative to the housing. As intended for the present invention, the sensor can be either a relatively uncomplicated capacitive type sensor or, preferably, a more sophisticated optical encoder. In any case, the translational position sensor can be used to calibrate movement of the grip and to establish its start and stop points. Further, signals generated by the translational position sensor can be used to control the operation and translational movement of the coil piston and to inspect the result of the operation of the apparatus. To do so, the apparatus can be modified to include a microprocessor which compares the actual position of the coil piston (as indicated by the position sensor) with a preset desired position of the coil piston (in accordance with programmed input). This comparison will generate an error signal. Depending on the magnitude of this error signal, control of the coil piston can be accomplished by moving the coil piston in a manner which will reduce the error signal to zero. This, of course, is done if control is the objective. On the other hand, if inspection and quality control are the objectives, the error signal can be maintained and the assembled product rejected if the error signal exceeds the established tolerance.
The apparatus provides for both translational and rotational control over both the movement and positioning of the product component. The intent here may be not only to properly align the product component, but to also provide for the capability of screwing or threading the product component into another component of the product being assembled. In order to provide a rotational capability for the grip, one embodiment of the present invention includes a pneumatic rotary actuator which is mounted on the coil piston for translational movement with the coil piston. The output shaft of the rotary actuator is connected to the grip of the apparatus by a coupling, to cause rotation of the grip upon activation of the rotary actuator. Where a vacuum grip is used, the vacuum passage is sealed while still allowing relative rotation of the grip.
An encoder is also provided which is positioned to detect the angular displacement of the grip relative to a predetermined reference. More specifically, an encoder wheel is attached to the grip rod and an optical encoder is mounted on the coil piston. The microprocessor is electronically connected to the optical encoder and uses signals generated by the optical encoder to ascertain the angular position of the grip rod. In accordance with signals from the microprocessor, the rotary actuator is actuated to rotate the grip rod. Thus, signals from the microprocessor can be used to rotationally orient the product component. Further, in accordance with predetermined instructions concerning number of rotations or allowable torque limits, signals from the microprocessor can be used to rotate the product component to thread or screw the work component into another component.
The novel features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, both as to its structure and its operation will be best understood from the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the accompanying description, in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention in its operative environment;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention with portions removed and portions broken away for clarity;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention with portions removed and portions broken away for clarity;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention as seen along the line 5--5 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention as would be seen along the line 5--5 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connections between various components of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship of position and time for the grip operations of the actuator;
FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, similar to the view of FIG. 4, having both translational and rotational actuator controls;
FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are views of different embodiments for the rotational linkage of the device of the present invention as generally seen along the line 10--10 in FIG. 9;
FIG. 10D is a view of the rotational linkage of an alternate embodiment of the device of the present invention as generally seen along the line 10D--10D in FIG. 11;
FIG. 11 is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, similar to the view of FIG. 9, with the drive motor mounted directly on the housing;
FIG. 12 is a perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention wherein the piston coil reciprocates within the magnetic field created by a plurality of magnets which are mounted on the housing to surround the piston coil;
FIG. 13 is an elevation view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, with the housing cover removed; and
FIG. 14 is a partial section view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13.
Referring initially to FIG. 1, the apparatus of the present invention, for moving and positioning an assembly component in an automated assembly operation, is shown in its intended environment and is designated 11. As shown, the device 11 is operatively mounted on an automated assembly machine 12 for movement between a position wherein the device (designated 11) retrieves a component 14 from a conveyor 16 and transports the component 14 to a position wherein the device (designated 11') places the component 14 into engagement with another end product component 18. After their assembly, the combination of components 14 and 18 is then taken by a conveyor 20 to a subsequent workstation where it is packaged or further combined with other components (not shown). As far as the device 11 and its operation is concerned, it is to be appreciated that the machine 12 shown in FIG. 1 is only exemplary. Indeed, the device 11 can be mounted on a variety of machines (not shown) for movement between a plurality of preselected positions.
In FIG. 2 it is seen that the device 11 includes a housing 22 which is relatively compact, and is configured and dimensioned to be comparatively flat. Importantly, though not shown in the Figures, this configuration allows the device 11 to be easily stacked with other such devices for improved efficiency in an automated assembly operation. FIG. 2 also shows that a grip (or rod) 24 is mounted on the housing 22. Specifically, for the present invention, the rod 24 is preferably an elongated tubular member which is slidingly mounted on the housing 22 and which extends through the housing 22 substantially as shown. It will also be seen in FIG. 2 that the housing 22 is provided with an attachment 26, and with an electrical connector 28 and a sensor connector 30. Insofar as the rod 24 is specifically concerned, the rod 24 is slidingly mounted on the housing 22 between the attachment 26 and a bearing 27 (see FIG. 4) which is located on the housing 22 opposite from the attachment 26. Further, as so mounted, the rod 24 can be rotated about its longitudinal axis if desired.
Referring to FIG. 3, the present invention is shown and generally designated 100. This embodiment of apparatus 100 includes an electrical coil 102 which is shown here to be in a substantially flattened configuration. The actual shape of coil 102, however, is of minimal importance and will in large part be determined by the desires of the manufacturer. In fact, coil 102 could have been shown to be cylindrically configured. In any case, the windings of coil 102 must somehow be configured to surround a hollow space.
FIG. 3 shows the coil 102 wrapped around an extension 104 of a coil piston 106. Although this embodiment of apparatus 100 shows a particular structure around which the coil 102 is wrapped, the skilled artisan will appreciate that coils are commercially available which do not require such structure. Such coils may, of course, be used with the present invention. Regardless, it is important that the coil 102 be physically attached to the coil piston 106 and able to move with the coil piston 106. Further, it is important for the present invention that the grip 24 be operatively attached to the coil piston 106 and able to move with the coil piston 106.
A magnet 108 is shown attached to the housing 22 of apparatus 100 and a magnet return 110 is also shown attached to the housing 22 and distanced from the magnet 108 so that an effective flux field is established as the environment for the coil 102. Preferably, magnet 108 is a rare earth magnet having a permanent magnetic capability of 35 MEG oersted. As intended for the present invention, the coil 102 may either surround the magnet 108 or, as discussed below for an alternate embodiment of the invention, the coil 102 may be positioned for movement between a plurality of magnets. This establishes a cooperation between the coil 102, the magnet 108 and the magnet return 110 in which a portion of the coil 102 is able to move between the magnet 108 and the magnet return 110.
The coil piston 106 is fixedly attached to a linear bearing 112 and the linear bearing 112 is slidingly mounted on a bearing rail 114. The bearing rail 114, in turn, is fixedly mounted to the housing 22. This arrangement allows the linear bearing 112 with its attached coil piston 106 and coil 102 to slidingly move within the housing 22. Consequently, because the windings of coil 102 are oriented substantially perpendicular to the flux field generated by the magnet 108, the application of an electrical current to the coil 102 will generate a force on the coil piston which causes the coil assembly (i.e. coil 102 and coil piston 106) to move within housing 22. This movement needs to be monitored and controlled. Additionally, as indicated above, for the embodiment of a device 11 having the capability of moving grip/rod 24 in both translation and rotation, there needs to be some means for independently controlling these movements. The translational movement and control of grip/rod 24 is discussed first, the rotational movement and control of grip/rod 24 is discussed subsequently.
Control over the movement of coil 102, and thus control over the grip 24, is achieved by monitoring the position of coil piston 106 relative to the housing 22. This is done using an encoder 122, such as a model SRL 4 encoder manufactured by Dynamics Research Corporation which is fixedly attached to the housing 22. More specifically, for apparatus 100, a bracket 116 is fixedly attached to linear bearing 112 and a glass encoder slide 118, with a scale 120 etched or printed thereon, is fixedly attached to the bracket 116. Accordingly, glass encoder slide 116 moves together with both linear bearing 112 and coil piston 106. In a manner to be subsequently discussed in greater detail, the apparatus 100 uses information from the encoder 122 regarding the position of glass slide 118 to precisely fix the position of coil piston 106, and thus the position of grip 24, relative to housing 22. Using this arrangement, accuracies on the order of five hundredths of a millimeter (0.05 mm) have been attained for determining the actual position of rod 24. Additionally, rod 24 can have a magnet (not shown) which is mounted on the rod 24 for movement therewith. Another magnet 124, shown fixedly mounted on the housing 22 is electrically activated to magnetically engage with the magnet on rod 24 to hold the rod 24 and its associated coil assembly in a detent or withdrawn configuration during the idle time for the apparatus 100. The position of either the magnet on rod 24 or the magnet 124 can be adjusted to allow proper engagement of the rod 24 with the housing 22 in the detent position for rod 24.
The details for an alternate embodiment of the device 11 will be appreciated with reference to FIG. 4 wherein it is seen that the device 11 includes a bobbin 32 (similar to coil piston 106) which is formed with a hollow 34. As shown, the bobbin 32 is relatively flat, like housing 22, and is generally box shaped. Further, the bobbin 32 is slidingly attached to a slide mechanism 36 which is itself fixedly attached to the housing 22. Preferably, this mechanism 36 is a very light precision way which creates minimal friction forces during movement of the bobbin 32. The mechanism 36 can be established in any of several ways, all known in the pertinent art, and can be provided with travel stops which will limit the distance through which bobbin 32 can travel along the mechanism 36. Preferably, the extent of this travel is in the range of between two and four inches (2-4 inches). Consequently, the bobbin 32 is able to slide freely along the mechanism 36 and to reciprocate within the housing 22 through this distance. It is also important to recognize that the grip 24 is attached to the bobbin 32 for linear movement with the bobbin 32.
FIG. 4 also shows that a magnet 38 is mounted inside the housing 22. Specifically, the magnet 38 is formed with a projection 40 and is positioned inside the housing 22 so that the projection 40 of magnet 38 extends into the hollow 34 of the bobbin 32. Preferably, the magnet 38 is of a commercially available type which is made of a rare earth element. For example, a Neodenium 35 megagaussoersted magnet is suitable for use in the present invention. Further, it is preferable that the magnet 38 be a permanent magnet which is capable of operating with a magnetic intensity on the order of approximately thirty-five MEG oersted (35 MOe). When the magnet 38 is positioned in housing 22 as shown in FIG. 4, it will be appreciated by the skilled artisan that the poles of magnet 38 can be oriented on the housing 22 to effectively establish a magnetic field having flux lines that are aligned substantially perpendicular to the directions along which the bobbin 32 reciprocates in the housing 22.
The device 11 also includes a coil 42 which is made from an electrical wire 44 that is wound around the bobbin 32. Importantly, the winding of coil 42 around the bobbin 32 should be sufficiently tight to effectively join coil 42 to the bobbin 32. The ends 44a and 44b of the electrical wire 44 are electrically attached to the connector 28 so that an external voltage source 46 (shown in FIG. 7) can be used to energize the coil 42. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the pertinent art, with the coil 42 located in the magnetic field that is generated by the magnet 38, when a current from voltage source 46 is passed through the coil 42 a force is imposed on the bobbin 32 that will move the bobbin 32 within the housing 22. Depending on the amount, the direction, and the duration of the current which is passed through coil 42, the force which is generated on the bobbin 32 can be controlled. Preferably, the magnitude of the forces generated on the bobbin 32 will be in a range from zero to ten thousand grams (0-10000 grams). As intended for the present invention the device 11 (FIGS. 2 and 4) as well as the apparatus 100 (FIG. 3) will likely operate in a range where approximately zero to two thousand grams (0-2,000 gm) variable of force are selectively applied with a deviation of only plus or minus one gram (�1 gm). Further, as is well known in the pertinent art and as indicated above, the position and direction of travel of the bobbin 32 can be controlled by the magnitude and direction of flow of current through the coil 42.
For the operation of the device 11, it is important to be able to determine the positional relationship between the bobbin 32 and the housing 22. To do this, several position sensors can be suggested. Referring for the moment to FIG. 7, it will be seen that a sensor 48 is incorporated into the device 11 and is operatively connected through a line 50 to the sensor connector 30 located on housing 22 of device 11. Further, line 50 completes the connection between sensor connector 30 and microprocessor 70. In one embodiment the position sensing function can be accomplished using a capacitance inductance (LVDT) sensor like the one shown in FIG. 5. There it will be seen that the device 11 can include a middle plate 52 which is fixedly mounted to the bobbin 32 for movement with the bobbin 32 in the housing 22. This middle plate 52 is then disposed between a plate 54 and a plate 56 which are each fixedly connected to the housing 22 of device 11. Further, the plates 54 and 56 are respectively connected to lines 58 and 60 which, together, constitute the line 50 in this embodiment. Consequently, as middle plate 52 moves with the bobbin 32, the electrical capacitance between the plate 54 and 56 will be changed. This change in capacitance can be determined by the sensor 48 by means well known in the art to ascertain the position of the bobbin 32 relative to the housing 22. The flat plates remove concentricity problems and, as they are located away from the coil [a heat source], the sensor will be accurate.
In an alternate embodiment of the sensor 48, the capacitive elements comprising the plates 52, 54 and 56 are removed and, instead, a photo-electric system much like the encoder 122 previously discussed in conjunction with the apparatus 100 is incorporated. Specifically, a scale 62 is fixedly attached to the housing 22 and, as indicated by cross-referencing FIGS. 5 and 6, the scale 62 is generally located in the same position as was the plate 54 in the embodiment previously disclosed for the sensor 48. Additionally, a photoelectric detector 64 is fixedly mounted on the bobbin 32 for movement therewith. The detector 64 can include photodiode elements 66 and 68 which, either individually or collectively, will interact optically with the scale 62, in a manner well known in the pertinent art, to provide information about the position of the bobbin 32 relative to the housing 22.
Referring now to FIG. 9, it will be seen that one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes components which allow for both translational and rotational control over a work component 14 which is being moved by the rod/grip 24. Specifically, as with other embodiments of the present invention, a magnet 108 is mounted in the housing 22 and a coil 102 is disposed in the magnetic field established by the magnet 108. Also, as before, the coil 102 is fixedly attached to a coil piston 106 so that the coil piston 106 moves with coil 102 under the influences of forces which are generated on the coil in the magnetic field as a current is passed through the coil 102.
FIG. 9 also shows that a casing 200 is attached to the coil piston, and that the casing 200 is slidably attached to housing 22. This attachment between casing 200 and housing 22 is established through the interaction of bearings 112' on casing 200 with bearing rail 114' on housing 22. It is also shown in FIG. 9 that the rod/grip 24 is rotatably mounted on the casing 200 for translational motion with the casing 200 and coil piston 106. Additionally, an electrical servo motor 202, of any type well known in the pertinent art, is mounted in casing 200 for translational movement with coil piston 106.
The electrical servo motor 202 is shown to be connected to the grip/rod 24 by a linkage 204. More specifically, as more fully disclosed below, the linkage 204 is used for the purpose of transferring power from motor 202 into a rotational motion of the grip/rod 24. Specifically, the interest here is in rotation of the grip/rod 24 about its longitudinal axis as indicated by the arrows 205 in FIG. 9. An optical encoder 206 is also mounted in the casing 202 for translational movement with motor 20 and coil piston 106. As shown, optical encoder 206 includes a light source 208 and a light detector 210. Further, FIG. 9 shows that an encoder wheel 212 is fixedly mounted on the grip/rod 24 for rotational movement with the grip/rod 24. Consequently, movement of the encoder wheel 212 due to rotation of the grip/rod 24 can be detected by interruption of the light beam passing between light source 208 and light detector 210. These interruptions can then be sent as signals via control cable 214 to microprocessor 70 for purposes to be more fully discussed below. It is to be appreciated, that the particular optical encoder 206 and encoder wheel 212, and their operative interaction, can be duplicated by other means well known in the pertinent art.
The linkage 214 can have several configurations. More specifically, FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C show three possible configurations for linkage 214. In FIG. 10A, a belt drive mechanism is shown. For this particular configuration of linkage 214, the drive shaft 216 of servo motor 202 has a pulley 218 attached to it. Similarly, a pulley 220 is attached to grip/rod 24 and a belt 222 passes around the edges of the pulleys 220 and 222. Consequently, rotation of the drive shaft 216 by servo motor 202 is transmitted via pulley 218 and through belt 222 to pulley 220 for rotation of grip/rod 24.
FIG. 10B shows another embodiment for the linkage 214 wherein a gear 224 having a plurality of teeth 226 on its peripheral edge is attached to the drive shaft 216 of servo motor 202. Also, for this embodiment a gear 228 having a plurality of teeth 230 on its peripheral edge is attached to grip/rod 24. As shown, the teeth 226 of gear 224 mesh with teeth 230 of gear 228 so that rotation of drive shaft 216 by servo motor 202 is translated into a rotational movement of grip/rod 24. As between the embodiment of linkage 214 shown in FIG. 10A and the embodiment shown in FIG. 10B, the gears 224, 226 of the FIG. 10B embodiment are more likely to resist slippage. On the other hand, the embodiment for a linkage 214 shown in FIG. 10C allows for rotation of the grip/rod 24 without requiring physical contact with the grip/rod 24 and, thus, avoids mechanical backlash.
For the embodiment of linkage 214 shown in FIG. 10C, grip/rod 24 is surrounded by a stator 232 and the servo electric drive motor 202 is replaced with an electronic drive 234. Also, a wiring harness 236 is used to electrically connect electronic drive 234 which each of the electrical coil magnets 238a-f which are mounted in stator 232. Electronic drive 234 will drive current through the electrical coil magnets 238a-f in a predetermined sequence to alternately change the polarization of the coil magnets 238a-f. More specifically, while electrical coil magnets 238a,c,e are established with a North (N) polarization, the electrical coil magnets 238b,d,f will be established with a South (S) polarization. The reverse is also true. If magnets 238a,c,e have a South polarization, then magnets 238b,d,f will have a North polarization. As will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, the polarization and the strength of the polarization of each magnet 238a-f can be controlled by current from electronic drive 234.
In order for the embodiment of the linkage 214 shown in FIG. 10C to function, the portion of grip/rod 24 which is surrounded by stator 232 must also be magnetized. For example, as shown in FIG. 10C, the grip/rod 24 is magnetized with one side 240 being a North (N) pole and the other side 242 being a South (S) pole. Consequently, the magnetized grip/rod 24 will react to changes in the magnetic polarity of the magnets 238a-f to cause the grip/rod 24 to rotate. Of course, while there is no change in current flow through the magnets 238a-f, and thus no change in polarity of the magnets 238a-f, grip/rod 24 will remain rotationally stationary.
For an alternate embodiment of the device 11 or 100, the drive motor for rotating the grip/rod 24 is mounted directly on the housing 22. This drive motor 250 and a drive shaft 252 which extends from the drive motor 250 are shown in FIG. 11. For the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 11, and as perhaps best appreciated with cross reference to FIG. 10D, a belt 254 is used to connect a pulley 256 which is mounted on the drive shaft 252 with a pulley 258 which is also rotationally mounted on the housing 22. FIGS. 11 and 10D both show that the grip/rod 24' for this embodiment includes a plurality of splines 260, of which the splines 260a and 260b are merely exemplary. In a manner well known in the pertinent art, the splines 260 interact with the pulley 258 to allow the grip/rod 24' to slide through the pulley 258 while also requiring the grip/rod 24' to rotate with the pulley 258. A cable 262 is electrically connected to the central cable 214 to provide electrical power for the operation of drive motor 250. In all important respects the operation of drive motor 250 is the same as the operation of drive motor 202. Further the operation of the optical encoder 206 remains the same regardless of the location of the drive motor 202/250.
Although the linkage between drive motor 250 and grip/rod 24' has so far focussed on the structure shown in FIG. 10D, it is to be appreciated that a linkage such as shown in FIG. 10B using toothed gears can also be incorporated. Similarly, the structure shown in FIG. 10C can be used together with an externally mounted drive motor 250.
FIG. 12 shows an alternate arrangement for the cooperation between the magnets and coil of the device 11/100. For this embodiment a plurality of magnetic segments 264 and 266 are mounted on the housing 22 with the coil 42 positioned between the segments 264 and 266. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 12 a series of magnetic segments 264a, 264b and 264c can be stacked with their respective North (N) and South (S) poles located as shown to establish a magnet having a strength which can be varied according to the number of magnetic segments 264 used. Here the magnetic segments 264a, b and c are only exemplary. Likewise, a series of magnetic segments 266, of which the magnetic segments 266a and b are exemplary, can be stacked as shown to help in the creation of a magnetic field. When the magnetic segments 264 and 266 are arranged as shown in FIG. 12, it will be appreciated that the coil 42 is effectively surrounded by magnets and that, contrary to the embodiment disclosed above for the device 11, the coil 42 is mounted on the housing 22 for reciprocal movement between the magnet segments 264 and 266, rather than having the coil 42 reciprocate over a projection of the magnet.
FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention which is suitable for use in a situation where rotation of the component 14 is desired, but where the required degree of precision in the rotational mode of motion is relatively low, and where only defined rotational step sizes are required. FIG. 13 also shows an embodiment of the vacuum gripping means which can facilitate precise handling of fragile components. While the vacuum gripping means is shown in conjunction with the pneumatic rotational means, the vacuum gripping system could obviously be used with other embodiments of the invention. The housing 22 is shown, with the magnet 108 and the bearing rail 114 mounted inside. An electrical connector 251, a vacuum fitting 253, and a pneumatic fitting 255 are also shown mounted through the wall of the housing 22. As described before, the linear bearing 112 is slidingly mounted on the bearing rail 114, and the coil piston 106 is fixedly mounted on the linear bearing 112. The linear bearing 112 is precisely constrained to move along the axis of the bearing rail 114. Therefore, the linear translation of the coil piston 106 is also precisely constrained. The grip 24 is also mounted for precise translational movement with the coil piston 106, and the grip 24 is rotatably mounted on the coil piston 106.
FIG. 14 shows a more detailed view of the functional features of the coil piston 106. The grip 24 is rotatably mounted within a guide passageway 279 within the coil piston 106, while being constrained against translational movement relative to the coil piston 106. The guide passageway 279 and upper and lower bearings 289, 291 precisely constrain the grip 24 to rotate along a given axis. A cylindrical sleeve 257 is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the grip 24 near the upper end of the grip 24. The cylindrical sleeve 257 fits fixedly within a cylindrical cavity 259 within the coil piston 106, near the upper end of the guide passageway 279. The cylindrical cavity 259 constrains the cylindrical sleeve 257 against axial or rotational movement. A drive coupling 261 is drivably attached to the upper end of the grip 24 and to a pneumatic rotary actuator 263 mounted on the coil piston 106. The rotary actuator 263 can be any such appropriately sized actuator known in the art. The rotary actuator 263 can be designed to rotate in increments of 90� or 180� or some other increment, as required for the particular application, in response to applications of pressurized gas. Pressurized gas is supplied to the rotary actuator 263 through a pneumatic tube 265, which is fed by the pneumatic fitting 255. The gas supply (not shown) to the pneumatic fitting 255 can be controlled manually or by a microprocessor 70.
A vacuum pump 72 can be connected to the vacuum fitting 253 and thence to a vacuum tube 267, which is ultimately connected to the coil piston 106. Specifically, the vacuum tube 267 is connected to a vacuum passageway 269 within the body of the coil piston 106. The vacuum passageway 269 leads to the cylindrical cavity 259 where the cylindrical sleeve 257 is fixedly mounted. An upper sleeve O-ring 275 seated in an annular groove around the upper end of the cylindrical sleeve 257 and a lower sleeve O-ring 277 seated in an annular groove around the lower end of the cylindrical sleeve 257 seal the upper and lower ends, respectively, of the cylindrical cavity 259 against vacuum leakage. Upper and lower rod O-rings 281, 283 are seated in annular grooves on the outer surface of grip rod 24, against the sleeve 257, to seal against vacuum leakage between the sleeve 257 and the grip rod 24 as the grip rod 24 rotates. The O-rings 275, 277, 281, 283 can be made of an elastomer or another suitable material. Sealing of the grip rod 24 and the sleeve 257 in this fashion, with the O-rings 275, 277, 281, 283, allows leak-free rotation of the grip rod 24, precisely constrained by the bearings 289, 291 to provide an economical yet reliable mechanism for precisely positioning the component 14. A vacuum port 271 leads from the outer surface of the cylindrical sleeve 257 to the inner bore 273 of the grip 24, via an annular vacuum channel 285 in the inner surface of the sleeve 257 and via a port 287 in the grip rod 24. The vacuum applied to the vacuum fitting 253 and thence to the inner bore 273 of the grip 24 can be controlled manually or by a microprocessor 70 to pick up or release the component 14.
The general operation of the device 11 or 100 will, perhaps, be best understood by reference to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. In FIG. 7 it will be seen that a microprocessor 70, of any type well known in the pertinent art, is connected to both the voltage source 46 and the sensor 48. Additionally, microprocessor 70 is connected to a vacuum pump 72 which can, in turn, be operatively connected with the grip 24. Finally, the microprocessor 70 can be connected to a compressor or other compressed gas source, which is connected to the pneumatic rotary actuator 263. Through these connections, the microprocessor 70 will interact with the voltage source 46, the sensor 48, the compressor, and the pump 72 in accordance with preprogrammed instructions. Although references here may be directed to the embodiment of the device 11 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, it is to be understood that corresponding components of the apparatus 100 operate in substantially the same manner. Their operation is considered to be equivalent.
Initially, the device 11 (apparatus 100) can be incorporated into the automated assembly machine 12 and calibrated to locate the end 74 of grip 24 at a preselected distance from the conveyor 16. This establishes a reference datum for the cycle from which movement of the grip can be measured. Actually, as will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, any other appropriate reference may be used for this purpose. Regardless what reference is used, once a reference datum from which measurements can be made has been selected, the sensor 48 can be set for this datum. In accordance with preprogrammed instructions, the microprocessor 70 then activates the voltage source 46 to send an electrical current through the coil 42. Because the coil 42 is in the magnetic field of the magnet 38, the current which passes through the coil 42 causes bobbin 32 (or coil piston 106 for apparatus 100) to move a distance which is proportionately determined and controlled by the amount, duration and direction of the current. It is known, for example, that with this disclosed arrangement, the grip 24 can be linearly moved through a distance of approximately two inches (2 in.) in around seventy milliseconds (70 ms) with effectively no bounce at the end of the stroke. Stated differently, movements of this nature can be made without noticeable changes in the direction of linear movement at the conclusion of the movement.
Rotational movement of grip/rod 24 is also controlled by microprocessor 70. Specifically, microprocessor 70 can be preprogrammed to initiate rotation of product component 18 as desired by the operator. For instance, in some operations it is necessary to align the product component 14 both linearly and angularly before it is positioned or engaged with another component of the product being manufactured. Therefore, in addition to the linear alignment of the work component 14 discussed above, device 11 must sometimes be capable of rotating the component 14 into a proper alignment. To do this, signals from optical encoder 206 which are indicative of the angular position of wheel 212 and work component 14 are sent to microprocessor 70. Any difference between the actual angular orientation and a desired angular orientation is then corrected by signals from microprocessor 70 to servo motor 202 which accordingly rotates grip/rod 24 to move work component 18 into a proper alignment. Similarly, in cases where it is necessary to rotate the product component 18 in order to screw or thread the component 14 into place, microprocessor 70 can activate servo motor 202 (or electronic drive 234) to rotate the component 14 as necessary. Further, it will be appreciated by the skilled artisan that grip/rod 24 can be either rotated through a desired angular rotation, or the grip/rod 24 can be rotated until there is a preselected torque resistance to further rotation. Alternatively, the microprocessor 70 can control the pressurized gas supply to the rotary actuator 263 to rotate the grip 24 by 90� or 180� or by some other angular increment, depending upon the particular actuator 263 installed.
The microprocessor 70 can also be used to control the operation of a vacuum pump 72. This may be helpful for an embodiment of the device 11 which uses the creation of a partial vacuum in the lumen of the tubular grip 24 to hold a component 14 against the end 74 of the grip 24. It is to be recognized that other gripping arrangements may also be used, and that the vacuum gripping arrangements can be used with other embodiments. The partial vacuum system disclosed herein is only exemplary.
As intended for a representative cycle in the operation of the present invention, the device 11 is initially positioned as shown in FIG. 1 with the grip 24 positioned over a component 14 which is being taken into position for retrieval by the conveyor 16. Voltage source 46 is then activated in accordance with a preprogrammed sequence from microprocessor 70 to lower the end 74 of grip 24 into a position indicated for end 74'. In accordance with previous disclosure, this movement is accomplished by passing a predetermined current through the coil 42. Pump 72 is then activated to generate a partial vacuum within the lumen of grip 24 to suck and hold the component 14 against the end 74. ,Grip 24, with component 14 attached, is then withdrawn into the housing 22, by the activation of coil 42, and the device 11' is positioned over conveyor 20. Again, coil 42 is activated by the voltage source 46 to precisely lower component 14 to a desired stop point and into position on the component 18. This placement can be accomplished with great precision. For example, tolerances on the order of one one-hundredth of a millimeter (0.01 mm) have been accomplished using the device 11 of the present invention. Importantly, sensor 48 can be used to monitor this placement and thereby provide a real-time verification of proper assembly.
In a similar manner, the angular rotation of the component 14 can be checked. In a manner similar to the linear positioning of the component 14, the optical encoder 206 is useful for ensuring proper angular positioning of the component 14. As indicated above, microprocessor 70 is electrically connected to optical encoder 206 and, based upon signals received by microprocessor 70 from the optical encoder 206, errors in angular alignment can be corrected. This is done in a conventional manner by determining any error signals which are generated because of a difference between the actual and the desired angular orientation of the work component 14.
Once component 14 has been properly positioned on the component 18, microprocessor 70 can be used to control the pump 72 to relieve the vacuum created in the grip 24 to release the component 14 from the grip 24. Again, the grip 24 is withdrawn into the housing 22 and the device 11 is repositioned over the conveyor 16 for another cycle of operation.
An actual time history response for the position of rod 24 during a series of cycles is shown in FIG. 8 and is designated 130. The response 130 is, in fact, only exemplary. Indeed, rod 24 may be moved through greater or lesser distances and the time for each cycle may be varied. Nevertheless, response 130 is considered typical for the apparatus 100 and is used here for discussion purposes. For the specific case illustrated in FIG. 8, the response 130 is shown over a one second period of time and indicates that the apparatus 100 has moved rod 24 through four complete cycles during this one second interval. Further, FIG. 8 shows that rod 24 was reciprocally moved through a distance of approximately one and one tenth inches (1.1 in) in each cycle. As indicated above, the position of rod 24 at any time during the cycle can be determined by encoder 122 to an accuracy within five thousandths of a millimeter (0.005 mm). Consequently, the completion of a cycle within a preprogrammed dimensional envelope can be used to indicate whether the work has been successfully completed. Additionally, with this control, and in view of the extremely small masses which are moved during the operation of apparatus 100, the forces which are generated on a workpiece as it is being handled by apparatus 100 will be very light. Tests have indicated that forces as small as five grams (5 gm) can be generated with apparatus 100 and that forces of this small magnitude can be generated with an accuracy of plus or minus one gram (�1 gm).
For a more complete appreciation of the operational aspects of the apparatus 100, consider the idealized curve 132 which has been superimposed over the first cycle of the response 130. The curve 132 for this cycle begins at time zero with the rod 24 in its withdrawn position and ends approximately one quarter second later (0.25 sec) when the rod 24 has returned to its withdrawn position. A discussion of this cyclic operation is appropriately discussed by considering individual time intervals within a particular cycle.
The beginning of the cycle is indicated in FIG. 8 by the top dead center portion 134 of curve 132. In practice, top dead center portion 134 corresponds to the position 74 shown in FIG. 7 and, as shown, rod 24 stays in this position during approximately the 0.00-0.04 seconds interval of the cycle. A positioning stroke 136 for curve 132, which immediately follows top dead center portion 134, indicates that rod 24 is quickly moved through a distance of approximately one inch during the cycle interval from 0.04-0.09 seconds. This rapid movement of the rod 24 is possible due to the relatively small mass of the components in apparatus 100 which must move with the rod 24. A deceleration period during the interval 0.09-0.17 seconds of the cycle is provided to steadily move the rod 24 into proper position with precision and minimal inertial forces.
Once contact has been established between the workpiece being carried by rod 24, and the substrate onto which the workpiece is being placed, there is an interval between approximately 0.17-0.21 seconds in the cycle wherein force is applied to attach or position the workpiece on the substrate. This interval is indicated as the force application period 140 in FIG. 8. During period 140, the successful completion of the work can be verified by monitoring signals from encoder 122. Specifically, by comparing signals from encoder 122, which indicate the actual position of the rod 24 at this point in the work cycle, with a reference for the programmed position for rod 24 at this point during a successful work cycle, operational deviations can be determined. If this comparison indicates only minor deviations in the position of rod 24, and these deviations are within acceptable tolerances, the work cycle can be considered successful.
After the force application period 140, the rod 24 is withdrawn back to a top dead center position during an interval in the cycle during approximately 0.21-0.25 seconds. The cycle is then repeated as necessary and the same intervals are used. As indicated above, the cycle discussed here in relation to the idealized curve 132 is only exemplary. The parameters which establish the operational envelope for apparatus 100 and device 11 can be varied according to the desires of the operator.
While the particular device for moving and positioning an assembly component in an automated assembly operation as herein shown and disclosed in detail is fully capable of obtaining the objects and providing the advantages herein before stated, it is to be understood that it is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention and that no limitations are intended to the details of the construction or design herein shown other than as defined in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
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|Dec 30, 2005
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|Motherway William D
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|Jul 11, 2016
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|U.S. Classification
|310/12.27, 29/834, 318/115, 310/12.14, 310/12.19, 318/135
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 15, 1994
Owner name: MOSS, JOHN, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NEFF, EDWARD A.;REEL/FRAME:007257/0428
Effective date: 19940907
|Feb 27, 1995
Owner name: SYSTEMS, MACHINES, AUTOMATION COMPONENTS CORPORATI
Free format text: CORRECTED ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE CONVEYING PARTIES AND THE RECEIVING PARTY IN A DOCUMENT, RECORDED AT REEL 7257 FRAME 0428.;ASSIGNORS:NEFF, EDWARD A.;MOSS, JOHN;REEL/FRAME:007352/0761;SIGNING DATES FROM 19940907 TO 19940908
|Feb 22, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 19, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 23, 2003
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 7
|Jun 23, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 14, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 15, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Aug 16, 2007
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11


text:
Message Boards
For schedules, please check the 2016 Schedule button on the left side of the page.
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text:
J Sainsbury enjoyed the biggest one-day jump in its share price for 12 years yesterday after the grocer reported a modest increase in first-quarter sales, defying expectations of a decline.
J Sainsbury enjoyed the biggest one-day jump in its share price for 12 years yesterday after the grocer reported a modest increase in first-quarter sales, defying expectations of a decline.
The stock closed up 29.75p at 315.25p as 9.5 million shares changed hands, nine times more than usual. That saw Sainsbury's stock market valuation rise £573m to £6.07bn.
Sainsbury's said underlying sales growth from its supermarkets, stripping out petrol sales, was up 0.8 per cent in the first quarter of this financial year. Adding back adjustments for Easter and new space, sales rose 3.7 per cent. Overall group sales, including Homebase, petrol and the US operations, were up 9.2 per cent.
Many analysts had assumed decent trading updates from Sainsbury's rivals recently meant it would be the retail sector's one loser and report falling underlying sales. The shares fell 30p in the weeks ahead of the results.
Sir Peter Davis, the new chief executive, put the performance down to removing bargain buckets and promotional hoardings that had crowded shopping aisles. The group has also been removing non-food items to focus on its core grocery business.
"But some of the performance comes from a fresh approach, from seeking to drive pace into things, give focus and energy, and I think I can take the credit for that," Sir Peter said. "Morale is picking up."
In May Sir Peter said he would not be able to claim credit for any turn around at the group for at least 18 months. He nevertheless drew compliments from all corners of the City.
Jonathan Pritchard, analyst at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, house broker to rival Tesco, said: "You have to lift your hat off on a day like today. But Sir Peter's still got a big job to do." Kate Calvert of HSBC said: "We need this sort of performance to be sustained. I'd still like to see a bit more theatre in the stores."
Some analysts warned the shares could suffer profit taking this morning. Sir Peter also issued a warning to retail investors on his register. "It's a mistake to look at the share price everyday. We won't have a sustained increase in the share price until the City is convinced we've got to grips with the business," he said.Reuse content


text:
The Sipsey Valley High School volleyball team defeated visiting American Christian Academy in straight sets Tuesday.
BUHL | The Sipsey Valley High School volleyball team defeated visiting American Christian Academy in straight sets Tuesday, 25-13, 25-14, 25-21.
For the Lady Bears, Millie Sartain had eight service aces, 13 assists and two kills. Meagan Scott had four aces, Kristen Sullivan two blocks and Shelby Marshall 10 kills.
ACA's Ginny Hayes had four service aces. Hannah Burr made five kills and Shelbi Simpson made 10 assists.
Sipsey Valley (6-5) plays at Greensboro today at 5:30 in a Class 3A, Area 6 match while ACA (0-4) plays at Oakman on Monday.
Northridge 3, Brookwood 1
TUSCALOOSA | Ashlyn Sunseri had 17 kills, 15 digs and five blocks to lead Northridge in a home win, 25-22, 25-16, 23-25, 25-11.
Kiana Johnson added four service aces, three kills, 32 assists, seven digs and one block for the Lady Jaguars.
Northridge (11-4) plays two matches today at Holy Spirit, facing the host team at 4:30, followed by Akron.
North River Christian 3, Marion Academy 2
TUSCALOOSA | North River Christian lost the first two sets, but rallied to win the last three sets to take the home match against Marion Academy, 14-25, 20-25, 25-21, 25-19, 15-8.
Haley Dykes led the win with three assists, two kills and one save. Alex Lewis had two assists and one kill.
North River Christian (2-2) plays at Tuscaloosa Christian on Thursday at 5 p.m.
Central 2, Northside 0
TUSCALOOSA | In the first of a doubleheader against two teams, Central defeated Northside 25-18, 25-21.
Alexis Reed and Aleah McKinstry both had five kills and Angelica Weatherspoon had 12 assists.
Central 3, Chilton County 0
TUSCALOOSA | In its second match of a home doubleheader, Central got a Class 5A, Area 6 win against Chilton County 25-16, 25-18, 25-8.
Latasha Russell had eight kills and Angelica Weatherspoon 13 assists in the win.
Central (17-3, 3-0) plays at Brookwood on Thursday in another Area 6 matchup.
Tuscaloosa Christian 3, Cahaba Christian 0
CENTREVILLE | Tuscaloosa Christian remains undefeated, winning on the road in straight sets against Cahaba Christian 25-9, 25-23, 25-11.
Katherine Turner had 10 assists, Anna Rice eight kills and Holly Chandler five kills for the Lady Warriors.
Tuscaloosa Christian (8-0, 2-0) hosts North River Christian on Thursday in an area match.
Fayette County 3, South Lamar 1
MILLPORT | Carlee Burgett had eight kills, eight digs and three blocks in Fayette County's 25-13, 19-25, 25-19, 25-17 road win.
Also contributing to the win were Mary Claire Hood with eight kills and nine digs, Autumn Bonner with six kills, four blocks and seven digs, Sara Beth Rhudy with four kills, one block and nine digs and Sarah Ellington with 28 assists.
South Lamar was led by Lauren Crimm with 16 assists, Caroline Holsomback with four kills, 12 digs and eight blocks, and Kendra Wilson's 12 kills and seven blocks.
Fayette County (12-3) hosts Berry today at 1:15 p.m. while South Lamar (7-4) awaits Thursday's home tri-match with Winfield and Sulligent.
Holy Spirit 3, Maplesville 0
TUSCALOOSA | In a Class 1A, Area 4 match, Holy Spirit defeated visiting Maplesville 25-10, 25-13, 25-9.
For the Lady Titans, Kaitlyn Taylor had 13 kills and four aces. Her sister Rachel Taylor had nine kills and three aces, and Madeline Whitaker had 20 assists and 11 aces.
Holy Spirit (6-5, 1-0) hosts two teams today, beginning at 4:30 p.m. with Northridge. It will also play an area match against Akron.


text:
The Ikan VX9i-1 9" Full HD Plus 3G-SDI On-Camera Field Monitor offers stunning 1920x1200 footage with a huge array of useful tools to help guarantee that you get the perfect footage every shoot. The VX9i-1 is not only functional, but also rugged as well. Thanks to an aluminum chassis and Gorilla Glass technology, your monitor will stay safe and function wonderfully in any environment you may be shooting in, and your screen will be resistant to scratches and wear.
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I provide basic cleaning services for small to medium size residential buildings within the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens areas.
My services include basic mopping, sweeping and sanitizing the trash/recycle areas from bad odor.
I can be hired for a day, one week or one month or 3 months at a time.
I can also provide services for apartment clean outs due to tenant evictions requested by the owner or management firms.
Contact me if you're looking for a good cleaning service provider.
Sewer Line Cleaning Cost
Typical average cost to clean the sewer line in Brooklyn is around $230 (standard professional cleaning)
Roof Cleaning Cost
Typical average cost to clean a roof in Brooklyn is around $290 - $350 (low pressure wash with minor upgrades)
House Cleaning Service Cost
Typical average cost to hire a house cleaning service in Brooklyn is about $90 - $150 (weekly cleaning - 2000 sq.ft home)
Window Cleaning Cost
Average cost to hire window cleaning services in Brooklyn is around $350 - $460 (20 windows panes - interior & exterior - 1500 sq.ft., one story house)
Carpet Cleaning Cost
Total cost to hire carpet cleaning services in Brooklyn is around $70 (12' x 18' carpet)
Brooklyn, NY 11233
|Contact Eddie Stevens Jr.
|Eddie Stevens Jr. accepts cash, checks and Paypal
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Product Documents
Gativa™ Pro 600 SE Instructions
The NEW Gavita Pro line E-series are improved models and are suitable for central control with the Gavita Master lighting controller. Now you can have complete lighting control at your fingertips.
All e-series ballasts and fixtures have the following added new features and advanced functionality:
New in the Pro line e-series is the 600 SE Complete Fixture, which utilizes a Gavita Pro 600W 400V EL E40/E39 lamp. You can control the new Pro 600e SE with the dial on the fixture (dim to 300W in steps of 100W, boost to 660W) or with the Master Controller for full linear control.
As a primary light source, the Gavita Pro 600 Single Ended, E-Series, 120/240 Volt fixture covers up to a 4' x 4' area. It is recommended to position the fixture 40" - 60" away from the play canopy.
Gavita Pro line HPS fixtures are the professional standard for efficient climate room lighting. Running on standard 120V - 240V they power the high voltage horticultural electronic lamps, which are superior in spectrum, light output and light maintenance over time. Installation of the controller and e-series fixtures is completely plug-and-play. All you need to do is connect the controller cable to the fixtures and plug the fixtures and controller into mains.
Gavita Pro 600e SE 600 Watt, 120/240V Fixture Videos
Shipping Info:
Free Shipping
Ships Via FedEx/UPS


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Clipper Organic Fairtrade Blackcurrant and Acai Berry Tea Bags / Caffeine - free / Pack of 25
Due to health and safety reasons, this product is non-returnable.
- A great alternative to black tea
- A deeply fruity and refreshing infusion blended with hibiscus, rosehip, acai berry and the delicious and distinctive taste of blackcurrant
- Naturally caffeine-free
- Fairtrade certified
- 25 bags
A deeply fruity and refreshing infusion superbly blended with hibiscus, rosehip, acai berry and the delicious and distinctive taste of blackcurrant. Naturally caffeine free. Continue Reading
£3.79VAT freeSave £0.97 (20%)
Buy 2 or more for £3.59 each
Buy 3 or more for £3.29 each
Order in the next 17 hours for delivery on Wed 26th Apr
Clipper Organic Fairtrade Rooibos / Caffeine - free with Antioxidants …/ Pack of 25
£3.19VAT free
- A great alternative to black tea
- Naturally caffeine-free and a natural source of antioxidants
Clipper Organic Fairtrade Red Fruits and Aronia Tea Bags / Caffeine …- free / Pack of 25
£3.99VAT freeRRP £4.76 Save 16%
- A great alternative to black tea
- Combines the fruity taste of hibiscus and rosehip with raspberry, strawberry and aronia berry
Product Specification
|Manufacturer Number
|Form Factor
|Tea Bags
|In The Box
|Clipper Organic Infusions Blackcurrant and Acai Berry (1 x Pack of 25 Teabags)
|Pack Quantity
|Product Comprises 1 Pack(s) - Each Containing 25 Item(s) - Total 25 Piece(s)


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Vaisakhi List Full Movie Watch Online Free
Vaisakhi List (Punjabi: ਵਿਸਾਖੀ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ) is a 2016 Punjabi film directed by Smeep Kang and starring Jimmy Shergill, Shruti Sodhi and Sunil Grover as the main cast of the film and will release on 22 April 2016.
This film is about two prisoners who make a master plan to escape the prison. They escape the prison on Vaisakhi Day and in few hours of they see the Vaisakhi list made by the government in which they were to be pardoned by the Jail minister. This is a rollercoaster ride of emotions and fun. This one is a highly anticipated film of 2016. It is an unofficial remake of Malayam film Mosayile Kuthira Meenukal.
Directed by: Smeep Kang
Produced by: Palwinder Singh Gakhal, Gurvinder Singh Gakhal, Iqbal Singh Gakhal
Screenplay by: Vaibhav Suman, Shreya Srivastava
Story by: Vaibhav Suman, Shreya Srivastava
Starring: Jimmy Shergill, Shruti Sodhi, Sunil Grover, Jaswinder Bhalla, Gurpreet Ghuggi, Binnu Dhillon
Music by: Jaidev Kumar
Cinematography: Binendra Menon
Edited by: Ajay Sharma
Production company: Amolak Singh Gakhal, Gakhal Bros. Ent., Rajesh Banga
Distributed by: White Hill Productions & Gakhal Entertainment Inc.
Release dates: 22 April 2016
Country: India
Language: Punjabi
Source: Wikipedia
Vaisakhi List Full Movie Watch Online Free


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I'm also regularly answering questions on the BoardGameGeek guild.
There you can also check existing feature requests and add your own!
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Save time and effort by comparing these leading CRM software.
Quickly access the latest reviews to read actual user opinions and ratings. Get amazing coupons and discounts, access Free Demos or Trials immediately.
Infusionsoft is a CRM and Marketing Automation solution that helps users manage their daily tasks, contacts, leads, sales and more. It lets users impo... Learn More
BigContacts application will enable you to organize very quickly and smoothly all of your necessary contact data. Our single contact dashboard enables... Learn More
Chaos Intellect Perform e-mail-merges and view contact from e-mail histories. Share complete databases or just one area such as a shared calendar, sha... Learn More
Pipeliner CRM brings the power of sales information back to salespeople online or off, giving a one kind strategy to overseeing and associating. It is... Learn More
Total Contacts 50.000
Total File Storage 50 GB
Contact Management Module
Email Integration
Sales Tracking Module
Email Marketing Module
System Reminders & Alerts
QuickBooks Online Sync Contact + Transaction Sync
Google Contacts Sync
MailChimp Sync
Google Calendar Sync
Outlook Synchronization
Social Media Tracking
API Access
Appointment Calendar
Task List
Cloud sync with ChaosHost.com
File sync (removable drives)
Reports (advanced searching)
Advanced Data Paths (mix and match shared and personal data on one screen)
Classic (contacts, appointments and tasks on one screen)
Agenda (upcoming schedule)
Monthly and Weekly Calendars
Phone Support
Email Support
Unlimited Access to All Features including Mobile
Full Offline Capability
Accounts Management
Contacts Management
Leads Management
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Accounts, Contacts, Leads, Opportunities Unlimited
Pipeline & Archive Management
Tasks Management
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Tasks, Appointments Unlimited
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Document Storage 2 GB
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Visual Buying Center
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Target Multiple KPIs
I have been using InfusionSoft for almost 2 years now and compared to all the other comparable systems I have personally used or tried out it is by far the best system available. So much more of a CRM than with many more features it is a very robust system. It includes a fairly easy to set up email drip funnel systems, e-commerce, the ability to apply tags and define lists, creates very intelligent email campaigns and much more. It is not for the faint of heart, but for someone serious about building their business and about marketing. andnbsp; andnbsp;
Pros :
Cons :
I really love using Pipeliner. It has made my life so much easier!andnbsp; The functionality is spot-on. It gives us greater visibility of what is happening per team, per sector, per campaign we are running.andnbsp; It's really easy to use and powerful on the screen in meetings. I particularly like being able to jump from view to view and also the velocity option.andnbsp; I find the Navigator really good too, especially for summarising overdue tasks and the upcoming activities bar at the right hand side, makes planning even easier. The support is also excellent, my contact Todd is always available for any queries. His knowledge of the tool is first class and he has helpful suggestions to make everything run smoother. Recommended!
Pros :
Cons :
This is the Microsoft Dynamics of the CRM world. Software made to sell itself, meaning if someone demos it to a CEO, they'll be massively impressed. A CRM is as good as it's usage by salespeople. This CRM struggles to get that.
Pros :
Cons :
Thursday 02 October 2014
Infusionsoft includes everything you'd need to identify your customers' needs, customize marketing to them, actually sell your real products, and make sure you're staying on top of everything you need to do at the same time. And it'll even let you know how you're doing at marketing.More about Infusionsoft
Saturday 17 May 2014
If you are prioritizing customer relationship management, BigContacts will give you that focus. I can see both sales and marketing teams getting value from BigContacts in sectors as diverse as commodity sales, services, technology, publishing, real estate, and non-profit. Endorsements on the company website attest to widespread user-enthusiasm for BigContacts.More about BigContacts
Tuesday 18 November 2014
Taking all of this into consideration, we can safely say that Chaos Intellect is a well-rounded piece of software. The response time is good, the system's performance is not affected and there are sufficient options to keep you busy for quite a while.More about Chaos Intellect
Thursday 22 May 2014
Pipeliner is the first CRM application to really link method with process. The method is the logical sequence of events in the customers buying steps, and how this translates into what the sales organization does to move an opportunity forward.More about Pipeliner CRM
Friday 10 July 2015
What do you like best?The Sales Person follow up with you to close the deal. What do you dislike?Infusionsoft pays $500 referral fees to affiliates. Sales person misleading and false promises at sales stage. They will drag on and not let you cancel the subscription. Recommendations to others considering the productIf you are a SME Look for other product that requires less or no upfront. Infusionsoft uses your upfront cost to pay the affiliates that bring you in. So they entire business economics is not in favour of you. If you need such a BIG product at the first place. If you are big enough, consider SAP. SAP lives on customer service.What business problems are you solving? What benefits have you realized?This product is not suitable for our business. And we encounter lots of issues cancelling the subscription. Infusionsoft charges $2000 start up cost +$299 per month of service fee. Evan Samurin (the Sales) says if it is not for our company, they will do something to credit the upfront $2000 back to us. After we used it for a month our A/P emailed Evan saying infusionsoft is not for us, Evan says that he will forward the message to customer service. I haven't heard from infusionsoft again, We have followed up with Evan with no reply. Our company credit card is billed month after month, which forced our company to call the credit card and cancel the card. Then someone from Infusionsoft customer service, Blake Ghormley emailed us saying we have unpaid balance. We asked Blake to communicate with Evan and credit us back for the months that I didn't use. Blake Ghormley disappeared again. The problem of this product is, Infusionsoft pays $500 referral fee to the person introduce...More about Infusionsoft
Wednesday 26 February 2014
If you have arguments why Chaos Intellect was rather good or something from some other aspect, please tell us, but I think as an email tool, it's substandard, and as a crm tool, it's substandard, too: Having users ask, after that many years of development, even for CORE functionality, is not professional; lack of imagination in core elements is éliminatoire.More about Chaos Intellect
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Special thanks to all the parents and staff members who participated in the Take Charge of Education fundraiser through your local Target Store!
We are excited to announce that we have earned $339.54 for our participation in this program. Special thanks for registering and of course, shopping through this program!
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Car aficionados know that luxury is built into each BMW, and understand that only the highest quality repair 535i xDrive parts will suffice when your car or truck needs fixing. Your BMW dealership isn't the only place to locate the best replacement parts for your 535i xDrive. When your BMW 535i xDrive rolled off the assembly line, it was destined for a driver who values German engineering in their automobile. It's not all the time that you discover you need a replacement Relay to repair your vehicle.
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Cool Mountain Stream Condo! Close to Inn of the Mountain Gods(1 Reviews)
The manager has been emailed.
To book this property, you need to complete your booking through checkout on the VRBO website. We can't protect your payment if we don't know you've booked through us. Learn more
- Minimum stay:1 night
- Sleeps:2
- Bedrooms:1
- Bathrooms:1
- Property type:Condo
- Internet:No
- Pets considered:Yes
- Wheel chair accessible:Yes
About the Property
Condo, 1 Bedroom + Convertible bed(s), 1 Bath, (Sleeps 4)
Conveniently located one mile from The Inn of the Mountain Gods Resort & Casino. Situated along the peaceful Carrizo Creek & adjacent to the National Forest. This setting is absolutely beautiful. From your own private balcony, enjoy the fresh, clean mountain air while watching the family of resident ducks swimming in the stream a few steps from your condo.
Walk or drive to the Inn of the Mountain God's Lake for a fun day of fishing, canoeing, or paddle boats! Everything you'll need can be rented at the lake's dock. Grindstone Lake riding is only 2 miles away.
Other close by activities include:
Funtrackers (go carts for toddlers to adults), mini golf, bumper boats, and rock wall. Two Rivers Park & pony rides horseracing, shopping, restaurants.
Keywords: Casino, Snow Skiing, shopping, horse racing, mountains
When you're ready to book, here are some things to keep in mind
We recommend you complete your booking on VRBO or ask the owner to send you a payment request through VRBO.Verify your payment method
Member since: 2010
Property Type
- Condo
- On floor 1
- 580 sq. ft.
House Rules
- Max. occupancy 2
- Children Welcome
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
- Wheelchair Accessible
Bedrooms: 1 Bedroom, Sleeps 2, Beds for 1-2
- DVD Player
- Satellite / Cable
- Television
- Cinemas
- Health/Beauty Spa
- Live Theater
- Restaurants
Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/Bank
- Fitness Center
- Groceries
- Hospital
- Laundromat
- Massage Therapist
- Medical Services
Leisure Activities
- Antiquing
- Bird Watching
- Boating
- Gambling Casinos
- Horseback Riding
- Miniature Golf
- Paddle Boating
- Photography
- Shopping
- Sight Seeing
- Sledding
- Walking
- Wildlife Viewing
Sports & Adventure Activities
- Cycling
- Fishing
- Fly Fishing
- Freshwater Fishing
- Golf
- Hiking
- Hunting
- Mountain Biking
- Mountain Climbing
- Skiing
- Snowboarding
- Swimming
- Tennis
- Dining Area
- Air Conditioning
- Heating
- Iron & Board
- Linens Provided
- Coffee Maker
- Cooking Utensils
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
Building Type
- Building
RatesCurrency Conversion
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
My Standard Rate
1 night min stay
Additional information about rental rates
- Pet Fee $30
- cleaning $45
One time cleaning fee: There is a one time cleaning fee charges may change on group size.
Cancellations: We require 14 days cancellation notice except for Holidays, Special Event Weekends, Multi Cabin Rentals, Reunions and stays of 7 or more nights when we require 30 days notice. Cancellations made inside the cancellation time frame will be charged a minimum of 1 night & are subject to all other nights the cabin is not re-rented. Cancellations made prior to the cancellation time frame will be charged a $35 administration fee. There is No Refund for cancellations during the Christmas Holiday Season. No Refund for early check out.
Smoking: All cabins are Non-Smoking (we have comfortable porches outside. $200 fee for smoking inside.)
Manager's cancellation policy:
50% refund for cancellations more than 14 days before check-in date.
100% refund for cancellations more than 30 days before check-in date.
Don't forget your vacation protection! Get protected now
Adding our Vacation Protection services can make sure your getaway goes smoothly, no matter what. We offer Cancellation Protection and Damage Protection so you can truly relax.
Manager info
About: Enchanted Mountain Realty Welcome to beautiful Ruidoso, New Mexico and Lincoln County. Are you tired of staying at motels and hotels? Do you miss the privacy of being in your own place? If you are looking for accommodations or places to stay in Ruidoso, you have come to the right place. We take pride in our properties and we truly want you to have a wonderful experience. It's a great source of pride to us and we want you to keep coming back! You truly cannot go wrong with any of our lovely accommodations. Of course, we're always happy to answer your questions as to which of these wonderful properties is right for you. Or if you've made your choice, we offer the convenience of complete online booking rather than an "availability request" as most properties in town use. Either way, we look forward to seeing you on your next trip to the beautiful Village of Ruidoso! Gayla Renteria Qualifying Broker Enchanted Mountain Real Estate
Contact us
Send email
- Primary: (575)-257-2335
- Secondary: (575)257-2333
- Tertiary: +1 5752572335
- Fax: +1 5752572331
Links to more information:
- Click Here to see All My Rental Listings
Mini Kitchen has dishes, glasses, coffee maker , mini fridge, pots & pans
ground level backs up to stream Near Inn of the Mountain Gods Casino
This listing was first published here in 2011.
Date last modified - Monday, April 17, 2017
Partner Offers
Tell us about your trip, then book it!
Tell us your travel details and get an instant price quote from Gayla Renteria
Enter dates to see accurate pricing
Booking confirmation within 24 hours
Peace of mind when checking out through VRBO
- We'll back you with our Book With Confidence GuaranteeTM
- You'll get comprehensive payment protection when checking out on our website
- We're always here for you with customer service available 24/7
Read more about our Book with Confidence GuaranteeTM
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We appreciate your participation and assistance with our efforts to operate the most secure and trusted vacation rental marketplace in the industry
If you have any questions, please visit our Help Center.


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1236 S Venetian Way
Miami, FLORIDA 33139-1173
Price: $6,650,000
4 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms
1 Partial Baths
2912 Square Ft
Listing # A10126929
Reduced over $1 Million! This rarely available 4B/3.5BA on a 13,382 SF pie-shaped lot, has 104' of waterfront as per survey of SW wide water/downtown views w/dock! Towering palms lead to this impressive remodeled home w/deco details, gas appls, wood & terrazzo floors, 2car garage, electric gates, impact windows, new roof, private courtyard & elevator to rooftop terrace. Equal distance to DT & Mia. Beach w/Mia Beach zip code & school district with Miami zoning. Live in or rebuild a new modern grand estate.
Basic Features:
Area: 32
City Name: Miami
County Name: Miami-Dade
Schools: North Beach elementary, Nautilus middle, Miami Beach high
State: FLORIDA
Subdivision: San Marco
Zip: 33139-1173
Bathrooms: 3
Bedrooms: 4
Partial Baths: 1
Square Ft: 2912
Additional Features:
Parcel ID: 01-32-32-001-0380
Condition: Sold "As is"
Construction: Concrete block stucco
Fencing: Fenced
County Code: 12086
Flooring: Terrazo floors, Tile flooring, Hardwood floors
General: Pets allowed
Inclusion: Gas range and oven, Microwave oven, Disposal, Refrigerator, Clothes washer, Clothes dryer
Interior: Tub and separate shower, Walk-in closet(s), Built-in features
Location: Southern exposure
Lot Dimensions: Pie-shaped 13,382 SF
Lot Size: lot size is 1/4 acre or less
Lot Sq. Feet: 13382
Parking: 2 car garage, Attached parking, Circular driveway
Range: 32
Recreation: Boat dockage available, Boat dockage
Rooms: Family room, Formal dining room, Living/dining room combination, Breakfast area, Master bedroom on main floor, Master bedroom upstairs
Scenery: Ocean view,Ocean access,Ocean frontage,Bay or ocean frontage,Waterfront property
Section: 32
SFR Type: House
Stories: Two story
Taxes: 34583
Tax Year: 2015
Township: 32
Utilities: Public sewer service, Public water supply
Year Built: 1941
Property Map
Data services provided by IDX Broker
Alex Shay Realtor® specializes in Miami
Real Estate Sitemap


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【トライアスロン】travel collections (Travelog)
This is a summary of all the Logbooks (Travelogs) related to トライアスロン that we have available for the Okinawa Prefecture(Japan) area. Please go ahead and click on them if you want to read their contents. Does reading about トライアスロン in Okinawa Prefecture(Japan) make you want to go there too? In that case let's start planning your next trip!
2015-04-17 - 2015-04-17


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Snippets of what I get up to when I'm not writing...
From time to time, I put some shoes on and go outside. Yes, honestly! Although most of my time is spent hunched over my laptop, writing down the adventures of my imaginary friends, I do occasionally mingle with real, live people. And when I do, I sometimes post about what I've been up to in my news pages.
So, if you want to know what I get up to when I'm not writing, read on...
Yes, I know itтАЩs February already and I have woefully neglected this blog. But the good news is thatтАЩs because IтАЩve been busy writing. Just before Christmas I completed my 24th book, and sent it in to my editor. After a brief respite (hah!) for Christmas, during which I did lots of entertaining, eating, drinking and generally enjoying myself, I got down to the revisions and then line edits for this book. ItтАЩs going to be called тАЬThe Major Meets his MatchтАЭ and is the first of a trilogy which will appear under the banner тАЬBrides for BachelorsтАЭ. I would love to have called it, тАЬWhere have all the rubies gone?тАЭ or тАЬAnnie gets her bunsтАЭ but those titles were just not romantic enough.
Meanwhile, here is a picture of the kind of jewellery set, known as a parure, which go missing in "The Major Meets his Match", and set my bachelors off on their quest to find the culprit by book 3.
I hope you all had a good Christmas and are looking forward to what the New Year will bring.
IтАЩm currently working on my 24th book for Harlequin Mills and Boon, which is the first of a trilogy featuring a crime that has to be solved by the efforts of each successive set of heroes and heroines.
And IтАЩve been wondering what to make as a New YearтАЩs resolution, and have blogged about it at the Novelistas Blog.


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Family Affair: Feds Indict Arroyo Relative for Housing Scams
Just as all eyes were on the mighty state senator Pedro Espada Jr. and his many escapades, along comes some strong competition for Bronx Schemer of the Week Award.
A freshly unsealed indictment this morning by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District, based on a joint city-federal probe, charges the grandson of state assemblywoman Carmen Arroyo with embezzling some $180,000 from a Bronx housing group long controlled by the Arroyo clan.
Richard Izquierdo Arroyo (pictured, with assemblywoman Arroyo), president of SBCC Management Corp., which manages a pair of HUD-subsidized buildings providing low-income housing in the South Bronx, allegedly went to town with an American Express Platinum credit card. Also charged is Margarita Villegas, SBCC director.
According to the complaint, the pair, along with an unnamed relative, ran up tabs worth $15,000 at clothing stores including Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfilger, and -- our favorite -- Promgirl. They also ran up bills of $66,000 with fine dining at the likes of Portofino, Venice Restaurant, Tavern on the Green, and -- go figure -- IHOP. Another $48,000 went for airfares and hotels in San Juan, and Brooklyn (!). Another $34,000 was plunked down for car rentals, garages, and parking tickets in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and around the Empire State.
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Politically, the most intriguing part of the indictment cites $9,000 from SBCC Management funneled into the state assembly campaign of an official designated as "Assembly Member #1." As it happens, state Board of Elections records show that SBCC donated $9,000 to the Friends of Assemblywoman Carmen Arroyo during precisely that period of time. Assembly Member #1 also got $3,800 worth of flooring work from SBCC in March, 2007. Carmen Arroyo served as Executive Director of SBCC from 1978 to 1994 when she became the first Puerto Rican woman elected to the state assembly, according to her official bio.
Then there's $2,300 worth of airfare that SBCC picked up for another unnamed pol referred to only as "City Council Member #1." Maria del Carmen Arroyo, daughter of the assembly woman, is currently a city council member and former official of SBCC where her sister, Iris Arroyo works.
The Daily News reported last year that Maria Arroyo had funneled $82,500 in city council discretionary funding to SBCC. Photo via New York State Assembly.
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