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Monday, July 26, 2010
A Batesian Mimicry Explanation of Business Cycles
Arnold Kling makes a good point when he states that macroeconomic activity consists of sustainable patterns of specialization and trade, and if a recalculation occurs such that the current pattern is recognized as unsustainable, the system re-allocates by exiting those unsustainable businesses. But then, whence the massive recalculation? Do we always have something like Felix Salmon's copulas, unique math errors that pop up every 5 to 10 years?
For theories that rely on mercurial investment or animal spirits, the cognitive errors that underlie business booms and busts have yet to be identified. Aggregates like investment spending, consumer durables, aggregate average liabilities/assets, do not show that increases into some zone over an expansion are correlated with future declines; the aggregate data show only a contemporaneous pattern with GDP. Understanding why people always become too optimistic in expansions in modern 'representative agent' models is like trying to understand why a drunk drinks too much every day. You can't model such investment rationally, and if you model it irrationally you imply a simple market timing model for the stock market should generate abnormal profits, and no such rule exists.
My argument is that business cycles are best understood though the framework of Batesian mimicry, an endogenous mechanism for booms and busts thru a misallocation in the horizontal structure of production. In ecosystems, Batesian mimicry is typified by a situation where a harmless species (the mimic) evolves to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species (the model) directed at a common predator (the dupe). For example, venomous coral snakes have red, yellow, and black bands, while the non-venomous scarlet king snake has the same colors in a different order. Animals afraid of venomous snakes would do well to avoid 4 foot long snakes with red, yellow and black stripes, in the process avoiding the scarlet king snake (alternatively, one could remember the rule "Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, friend of Jack").
The process has been observed in insects, reptiles, mammals, and plants, and sometimes occurs between species. By parasitizing the true warning signal of the protected species, the Batesian mimic gains the same advantage without having to go to the biological expense of maintaining a poison. The species being mimicked, on the other hand, is disadvantaged, along with the dupe who misses out on tasty mimic meals. If imposters appear in high numbers, positive experiences by the predator with the mimic may result in the model species losing the benefits of signaling its poison.
Atsushi Yamauchi has shown that when there are density effects on the model species, there is no stable equilibrium. Nonlinear dynamics make the system's aggregate features unpredictable in specifics, but most importantly, it is not a stable equilibrium to have no mimics over long periods of time: the gains are large to the mimic because predators obey the model's high-quality signal.
While it's conceivable one could generate a formal economic model with these qualitative results, note that the ecological literature mainly looks at comparative statics for one species, noting what assumptions generate stable equilibria, and which do not. There is no attempt to generate a dynamic model of the mimic or model's success over time, presumably because the highly nonlinear, recursive system is so sensitive to initial conditions results would merely be qualitative, like the comparative statics.
In an expansion investors are constantly looking for better places to invest their capital, while entrepreneurs are always overconfident, hoping to get capital to fund their restless ambition. Sometimes, the investors (dupes) think a certain set of key characteristics are sufficient statistics of a quality investment because historically they were. Mimic entrepreneurs seize upon these key characteristics that will allow them to garner funds from the duped investors. The mimic entrepreneurs then have a classic option value, which however low in expected value to the investor, has positive value to the entrepreneur. The mimicry itself may involve conscious fraud, or it may be more benign, such as naïve hope that they will learn what works once they get their funding, or sincere delusion that the characteristics are the essence of the seemingly promising activity. The mimicking entrepreneurs are a consequence of investing based on insufficient information that is thought sufficient, but they make things worse because they misallocate resources that eventually, painfully, must be reallocated.
Once the number of mimics is sufficiently high, their valueless enterprises become too conspicuous and they no longer pass off as legitimate investments. Failures caused by insufficient cash create a tipping point, notifying investors that some of their material assumptions were vastly incorrect. Areas that for decades were very productive, are found to contain exceptional levels of fraud, or operate with no conceivable expectation of a profit. Everyone outside the industry with excessive mimics marvels at how such people—investors, entrepreneurs, and their middlemen--could be so short-sighted, but the key is that the mimics and duped investors chose those business models that seemed most solid based on objective, identifiable characteristics that were, historically, correlated with success. An econometric analysis would have found these ventures a good bet, which is why investors did not thoroughly vet their business models. For example, banks stocks through 2007 were one of the best performing industries since industry data has been available in the US, and performed well in the 2001 recession). Another notable example: when I was head of economic risk capital allocations for KeyCorp in the 1990s, residential mortgages had the lowest risk allocation because of their decades of minuscule loss rates; speaking with an economic risk capital allocator recently, they currently have the highest.
Historical Applications
In the 1990's tech firms in general and internet firms in specific were doing very well. The internet bubble was filled with a naïve lack of skepticism that allowed otherwise absurd business ventures to get funding. Using hindsight there were so many businesses with doomed business models, you wondered how they could have been taken seriously, but investors were looking primarily at a few key criteria—net presence, branding—and these did work well for several years until the March 2000 crash, especially using the criteria of their stock price. Consider that Enron was able to engage in negative cash flow activities for at least 5 years while their stock price kept climbing, highlighting that if you hit the key signals investors are naively prioritizing, they can be fooled, just not forever.
AllAdvantage was a website that paid members to surf the Net. It paid to acquire these users, and supposedly leveraged its members' eyeballs into advertizing dollars. At the initial fundraiser internet capitalist Frank Quattrone, who helped fund Cisco and many other legitimate successful concerns, and President Clinton both paid tribute to AllAdvantage. Yet even then, an investigation into AllAdvantage had determined that the clicks came mostly from programs that were designed to look like human web surfers, to whom AllAdvantage was sending monthly checks. As Buffet says: first the innovators, then the imitators, and finally the idiots.
Similarly, the housing bubble of 2008 was based on the idea that the borrower's credit was irrelevant because the underlying collateral, nationwide, had never fallen significantly in nominal terms. This was undoubtedly true. The economics profession, based on what got published in top-tier journals, suggested that uneconomical racial discrimination in mortgage lending was rampant, as if lending criteria for borrowers was historically excessively prudent. Well-known economists Joe Stiglitz and Peter Orzag wrote a paper for Fannie Mae arguing the expected loss on its $2 trillion in mortgage guarantees of only $2 million dollars, 0.0001%. Moody's did not consider it important to analyze the collateral within mortgage CDOs, as if the borrower or collateral characteristics were irrelevant. In short, lots of smart people thought housing was an area with extremely low risk.
Each major bust has its peculiar excesses centered on previously prudent and successful sectors. After the Panic of 1837, many American states defaulted quite to the surprise of European investors, who were mistakenly comforted by their strong performance in the Panic of 1819 (perhaps the first world-wide recession). The Panic of 1893 centered on railroads, which had for a half century experienced solid growth, and seemed tested by their performance in the short-lived Panic of 1873.
Other features of this model explain various stylized facts: For example, subsequent to the 1990 Commercial Real Estate debacle, defaults in this asset class were well below average across the board for the subsequent decade. In the aftermath of that crisis, newly issued Commercial Real Estate Asset Backed securities did very well, because everyone was especially cognizant of the risk factors involved. A similar thing happened in railroads after the Penn Central railroad defaulted in the early 1970s. Fooled once, investors were not fooled again in that specific way, making the key risky asset characteristic of the latest recession a metric of safety going forward.
Inherently Unpredictable
In 1929, Irving fisher's famously opined "Stock prices have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau." In 1993, Stanford macroeconomist Robert Hall said about the recession of 1990 that "established models are unhelpful in understanding this recession". Econometricians James Stock and Mark Watson noted that the 1990 recession, which blindsided their new econometric forecasting model at that time, experienced a sharp fall in consumption, housing, and durable goods; whereas in 2001, the updated model failed to note that the recession was centered on technology investment. Further, the signals change, as yield curves were not characteristically flat or inverted prior to the 1990 recession, and housing permits remained strong throughout the 2001 recession. Stock and Watson note "our conclusion—that every decline in economic activity declines in its own way—-is not new." I think it's fair to say the latest recession has kept the string of unpredicted recessions perfect.
If mimicry is the essential driver of the misallocation of resources that inevitably must be corrected, it by definition occurs in places that do not have accurate quantitative signals; indeed, it preys upon areas where the essential data are beyond reproach (eg, mortgage underwriting supposedly did not matter to regulators, rating agencies, or investors prior to 2007). Safety creates risk in that eager overzealous entrepreneurs, once they figure out what sufficient statistics work on investors, quickly jump on these sectors with not merely excess capacity but business models that never stood a chance.
This model explains why business cycles are not forecastable, it's inherent in the mimic's selection process. The recalculation Arnold Kling mentions relates to an investing error of a particular expansion, which is always unique. Mimicry explains why the biggest winners in a business cycle are also the biggest losers: their productivity was pervaded by fraudulent and incompetent mimics. It explains why the biggest losers of the prior business cycle often do relatively well in the next recession: investors are wary of mimics, so mimics only thrive where they are not expected. It explains why recessions are concentrated in certain sectors, and why these sectors are different each recession.
Efforts to prevent the next recession face a large difficulty, in that the impetus by necessity will be in the area that invites the least concern, because that is where mimics fester. Any risk analysis that can identify risky ventures necessarily identifies safe ones, and when these safe investment characteristics become known to the mimics, they will be exploited. Top down risk management, the focus of so much policy talk in Basel, Washington, and wonky journals is futile, because risk grows dangerously only where one does not suspect it (G-7 sovereign debt, anyone?).
This suggests focusing on robustness, as opposed to prediction, because the system works against rational expectations, especially those consensus ideas that come out of large bureaucracies. After all, what better sufficient statistic for a mimic to exploit than some well-known regulatory bullet point that supposedly ensures trivial risk? Recessions are not going away; they are endogenous because zero mimicry is not an equilibrium among insects, reptiles, or humans. Expect more unexpected recessions, just not real soon, and not in subprime housing.
16 comments:
- John McCormack said...
Superb, Eric!
I don't doubt you are correct about the extraordinary share price performance of banks up until 2007, either.
But, could tell me what particular file to look for on that page you linked to of Fama/French?
- Eric Falkenstein said...
tx! look under French's
"48 Industry Portfolios"
has monthly returns back to 1926
- michael webster said...
This is a very good general explanation.
Soros had nice explanation for boom/bust phenomena in the mortgage trusts, mid 70's.
My sense is boom blows up when the decision criteria are reduced to only a handful - much easier for the mimics and frauds to pop up.
- Franco said...
This is a fantastic post. I've had this sort of idea kicking around my head for a while, but I was still very far from expressing it nearly so well (I call it "creeping endogeneity" which is probably meaningless to almost everyone). It seems like a variant of Goodhart's law.
One quibble: you say "it by definition occurs in places that do not have simple quantitative signals"
I've always thought that moving from a qualitative mortgage approval process to more quantitative FICO scores was an example. To me, the FICO score started out as a sound exogenous predictor, but continued reliance on it as such made it easier to dupe the dupes.
- Eric Falkenstein said...
Franco: good point, I think that's a distinction with a difference so I amended that sentence. As per FICOs accuracy, this is what the academics were saying were biased, excessive.
- dmfdmf said...
I agree with the basic idea put forth, that investment opportunities will feed on themselves and attract the sort of "investors" trying to ride the bandwagon, so to speak. However, there is an important epistemological and monetary point that needs to be made clear.
First, booms and busts are unavoidable in new industries or areas. Historical examples in railroads, airlines, telecom, computers illustrate the main point -- when these new fields develop no one knows how big they should actually be, how much capital should be invested, etc. Setting aside credit induced expansions, these booms are a process of discovery and the "mimic" idea probably explains why they tend to overshoot on invested capital leading to the bust phase.
The key monetary point is that without arbitrary credit creation such sector or localized booms would not grow into giant economy-wide frenzy that devastate the economy when they crash. The limit is in the real capital available, in that without arbitrary credit creation the boom can only continue if it is able to profitably draw capital out of other investment areas. The main point here is that any process of investment is a process of dis-investment from other areas (assuming no credit expansion) which makes the decapitalized areas more profitable.
tl;dr: It is credit creation that makes economy-wide booms and bust possible. Local, sector booms in the absence of credit expansion are processes of discovering profitable levels of investment.
- Anonymous said...
Good stuff, I like the biological ideas brought into an economic context. WRT the econ lit Gintis has a model of mimicry to investigate the dynamics of general equilibrium. He finds that mimicry can lead to large deviations from equilibrium even with no global shock.
Also your link to the discrimination in the housing market goes back to your homepage. I don't think that is what you trying to do.
- Eric Falkenstein said...
anon: my link to Moody's references a post I did quoting a Moody's source that they took collateral as a given,
- Anonymous said...
Brilliant post, although the last graf ("robustness...") does give it a faint odor of N_____ T____.
- Page said...
Interesting post, but it reminded me of Bell's theorem a bit. You have an assumption that the mimic and the model are "known" beforehand, as with local variables.
But with new technologies, what works as a business model isn't known. Maybe all entrepeneurs are overconfident, but which ones are discovering a profitable niche?
Also consider network effects, which mean that the classification of model and mimic can be unstable. Take the internet bubble- it wasn't at all clear who would be making the money, would it be online portals (like a TV channel), or megawarehouses like amazon (sort of a big box model). I don't think it was clear ten years ago that the Google model was the "model" and not a mimic. And if Google hadn't succeeded it getting all the search engine traffic, it may have ended up being more of a mimic.
- Anonymous said...
I remember in 1998 or so getting paid to click links using the website "FreeRide" (http://web.archive.org/web/19981212025059/http://www.freeride.com/)
I wasn't even a robot and I remember it being worth my while (~$30/hr at first).
- TGGP said...
Your "what got published" link is broken.
- Robert Johnson said...
Seems like the problem is believing that quality 'markers' are a good substitute for actually understanding what you're investing in. That's irrationality all over again. Shouldn't genuinely high quality investments become undervalued in a market where many low-quality investments are successfully masquerading as high quality? Shouldn't there be a lot of money to be made by those who know how to understand real quality? Maybe nobody can tell the shams from the high quality investments at the time...but I doubt that.
- Eric Falkenstein said...
Robert: Clearly some did note the flawed signals, and made a lot of money shorting or avoiding internet or housing stocks, but they suffered a large drawdown waiting for the right time. My innovation here is to note that an otherwise innocuous error is magnified via supply effects by mimics, and this really amplifies the cycle. Further, the error centers on something that conventional wisdom finds safe, as opposed to being centered on assets with high amounts of 'roundaboutness' or duration. It's irrational primarily with hindsight.
- Dave said...
Do you think it might be possible to reduce the odds in differentiating between viable business and doomed mimics by studying the lag times between when a sector attracts significant investment interest and when mimics start appearing in force? I.e., might there be a sweet spot in investing in newly hot sectors -- late enough so that it looks like companies in it are getting traction, but early enough that the sector hasn't been saturated by mimics yet?
Also, minor typo: You spelled "advertising" with a "z" instead of an "s" in the AllAdvantage paragraph.
Fascinating post, btw.
- Anonymous said...
Warren Buffet has a pithy relevant quote: "Every cycle has three "I's" - first come the innovators, then the imitators, then the idiots."


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Found this link on TF.n.
Not a whole lot to what was recorded, but they're starting to pop up on Cartoon Network.
Printable View
Found this link on TF.n.
Not a whole lot to what was recorded, but they're starting to pop up on Cartoon Network.
Cool, I like the Yoda! Can't wait to start seeing these.
Have any of the episodes surfaced at those naughty, underground file sharing facilities yet?
I havent seen the commerical yet,although I watch Cartoons regularly.Might have to tune in to that prime after school spot:)
I just looked on Kazaa and found nothing under CLONE WARS.Quote:
Originally Posted by jjreason
Found this on TF.N
Turner Europe has released plot synopses for Star Wars: Clone Wars. The series of mini-episodes will air on Cartoon Network beginning November 7.
Do we really need to say it? SPOILERS ALERT!
1. Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker lead the Army of the Republic in an assault on Muunilinist while other Jedi prepare for their attack.
2. The assault on Muunilist begins. The fleet is attacked immediately as they come out of hyperspace. Giant troop carriers and equipment haulers land on the planet surface and begin deploying troops and artillery.
3. The battle rages on in the air and on the ground. The Arc Troopers, who are cut off from their initial drop zone, make their way to the enemy command centre through hostile territory.
4. With the Republic gaining the upper hand, Droid Army leader San Hill dispatches Durge and his mercenaries to strike the command centre of the Republic Forces.
5. Jedi Master Kit Fisto leads an ambitious assault against Separatist forces on the water planet of Mon Calamari.
6. Count Dooku searches the planet Rattatak for a successor to Jango Fett. In a gladiator style ring, bounty hunters, aliens and galactic trash vie to serve the Count.
7. Count Dooku challenges Asajj Ventress to a duel. Impressed by her powers she is given the assignment of assassinating a young Jedi Padewan whose powers are perceived a great threat: Anakin Skywalker.
8. Durges mercenaries are turning the tide in favour of the Droid Army on Muunilist. Obi-Wan Kenobi leads a team of Lancers out to deal with them.
9. Obi-Wan Kenobi and the Arc Troopers raid the IG Banking Clans Command Centre, taking SanHill into custody and bringing the Droid ground assault to its knees.
10. Anakin seems to have the battle in space under control until a mysterious ship enters the fight. Anakin pursues the ship, disobeying orders from Obi-Wan.
[Source: Turner Europe, via William C. Maune]
After catching a commercial for this last night, I'm excited about this. Much better than the "droids" series I hope!
I thought the Droids series was great :D! But the Ewoks one :sur::(.
Just read that there will be two seasons of the shorts at the moment. The first one starting this fall. And then a second season in the Spring.
Edit: Post altered since I didn't realize someone had posted the spoiler synopsis already. Move along, move along. Nothing to see here. :D
MTFBWY and HH!!
Jar Jar Binks
For those who haven't seen the whole CW teaser yet, here's a link to the full version on TF.N.
Enjoy and don't get too antsy!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A brief message from your Käpt'n K
I have recently begun a new business besides being KMFDM, which combines two things essentially important to me:
High-octane fuel for my punk-rock physique + added revenue.
I am an independent distributor of FOREVER LIVING, a company that produces, among other things, highest quality Aloe Vera drinks.
Since I've been supplementing my Rock'n'Roll lifestyle with some select products of theirs, I've noticed some very positive effects and changes taking place.
My personal experience with, and thus resulting recommendation, includes the Aloe Vera drinks, the ARGI+ and Omega-3 products, and more.
KMFDM's been on the road for a long time and it's really important to us to give you the show you pay for. It's a real struggle to keep everyone healthy under the hard conditions on tour and over the years it feels like we've tried everything to keep us in good shape.
I finally found something awesome and since it works so well, I want to share it with you. I take pride in everything I put my name on and I wouldn't endorse this if it didn't do it for us.
Before I start to sound like a snake oil salesman, and as everything following is self-explanatory, I say roger-over-out and let you decide whether to click on the above link or not.
In case you want to know more or have a related question, or if you too consider starting your own biz with FLP, feel free to email me at the address in the upper hand corner
Yours always
Käpt'n K
Here's my personal tour-cocktail to counteract the rigors of the road:
I drink 2-3 pouches of Aloe2go daily, it provides a perfect blend of Vitamins, Minerals and Antioxidants to my immune system, and prevents the depletion of same.
Once a day I make myself a shake of FOREVER ULTRA, a protein drink made of non-genetic manipulated soy, to which I add a spoonful of ARGI+, this substance is important to maintain healthy blood vessels and it is a powerful energy booster. Along with that I take 3 capsules of ARCTIC SEA Omega-3.
Directly before I go on stage I drink a can of FAB, a healthy Energy Drink that works like a rocket engine for me.
For sore muscles and aches I mix ALOE HEAT LOTION and ALOE MSM GEL and apply to the affected area.
I wouldn't endorse anything unless I am behind it, and this stuff is the bomb.


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KIO/WebDAV: My webdav patch is dead after I discovered that somebody else already wrote one, so I can focus on getting vnc/remote things right.
KIO/WebDAV: My webdav patch is dead after I discovered that somebody else already wrote one, so I can focus on getting vnc/remote things right.
Many things happened since my last diary entry.. Patrick Mochel submitted his new Linux driver model, which was much more radical than my humble attempt at collecting device data only, and it got into the 2.5 kernel. This made my Device Registry patch pretty obsolete which isn't too bad because I did not want to work on kernel stuff forever.
So I moved on to work on further items of my virtual TODO list to make KDE/Linux a more enjoyable desktop.
By accident I found x0rfbserver, a VNC implementation that shares your X11 session instead of creating a new one. Remote desktop administration was on my TODO list, so I ported it to KDE and created KRfb. It was also a nice little thing to get started with KDE development which I never did before. Two weeks later (we're now around christmas) the port was finished, but I did not want to release it before I got some response from x0rfbserver's author. So I started another small project: WebDAV support for kio_http. I added all the new commands, header fields and status code, but the biggest part, XML parsing of WebDAV responses is still missing. On January 2nd I was fed up waiting for x0rfbserver comments and released the first version officially. I got more reactions than I thought, especially from people who wanted TightVNC support and so I decided to add it. While looking at the RFB protocol implementation of x0rfbserver's rfblib I found many bugs that I had to fix. I also found out that the implementation of the codecs was quite bad (lower compression rates than possible), so I started the porting codecs from TightVNC's winvnc and replace the original ones as well (yes, I am porting from the Windows version, because it is in C++ and the Unix version in C). So far Hextile and RRE are running, I will probably skip CoRRE and start ZLib tomorrow. Then I only need TightVNC and can release KRfb 0.6, maybe even this week, and maybe I have time for the WebDAV stuff again.
Originally I wanted to keep out of the WTC-related discussions here because I still consider Advogato a OpenSource-related site... but yesterday they showed something in a german tv magazine that I have to tell the world about.
Remember the CNN pictures of the palestinian people
celebrating? German magazine "panorama" showed the
complete shot. There you can see that the life over there
went on as usual, only a few children celebrating because
a guy in a white t-shirt motivates them to do so. It also
shows that the old woman who celebrates does so because
they offered her cake, and she later denied that she did
it because of the WTC attack.
You can watch the clip in Real format here. It's a 10 minute movie in german, so you have been warned. You can find the CNN/palestinian part at 7:40.
config fs: I'm planning to abandon my proc fs
changes in a future version and instead write new
filesystem based on the proc fs code. Proc FS is a mess.
While most of the files
in /proc are quite convenient to read for human readers
they are almost unusuable for software. The problem is not
that parsing would be so difficult but that it is
impossible to add new fields once you have defined a text
format without breaking all software that reads it. Binary
files suffer from the same compatibility problems. A few
months ago several people convinced me on LKML to go the
"one-value-per-file" way for devreg, and the new
filesystem will enforce this even more than my proc fs
extensions. Every file will be strictly typed (string,
int, ulong,
enum), dynamic directories will be possible, the type of a
can be retrieved using ioctls, and unlike my current proc
changes writing will be supported, too.
The more interesting part of the plan is that I want to support both persistent and non-persistent files. So there will be some daemon waiting, similar to devfsd, for files that have been flagged as persistent and will then store their new values when they have been changed. On initialization of a file the daemon will fill it with a previously stored value. Dynamic directories can have keys that can be used to find the correct one. I'm currently calling this concept config fs. Beside the replacement of proc fs for everything but processes it can be used for the configuration of the kernel and drivers. The current way of configuration definitely sucks, module options are a bad idea for most purposes because you cannot change them at runtime and they are not very useful if your driver handles several devices at the same time. They can only be used for the driver's global configuration, but not for the configuration of driver instances. IMHO module options should disappear for anything but boot-time configuration. The only frightening thing about the config fs idea is how close it is to Win2k's registry. It's a little bit less arcane because you can access it as a filesystem, but beside that there are only few differences between them. It could even make sense to use it for the general configuration of system software. bah...
I just wanted to point On2's VP3 codec that has been released in source form yesterday because it did not get as much press as it deserved, IMHO. VP3 is a very good codec with MPEG4-like quality, even if it is not their latest version (VP4). The license is a MPL with a compatibility clause: you are not allowed to take the code or use their patents to build something, that does not (also) encode or decode VP3 streams. While not perfect, it should be good enough to make me happy. It is at least better than the MPEG codecs that are poisened with patents. The source code has not been ported to Linux/Unix yet though, they just released the source for their Quicktime and VfW codecs.
I'm currently extending the device registry with a registry for drivers. It started as a simple idea to solve the problem of displaying several drivers that handle a single physical device. This is quite complicated as I use one-value per /proc file, so a list of values means creating a dynamic directory for enumerating them. I thought of creating a directory per driver and linking from them to the devices instead, which turned out as being a great idea. This does not only allow me to make more information about the drivers available, but moving the devfs node descriptors to the drivers solved some problems with finding the right node of unusual devices that have, for example, several nodes with the same interface. Even more important, I can now add device node ids that can be persistent identifiers of a physical device's devfs node (or major/minor number). This will make libdevreg much easier to use: if you want to find a device node just use its id as an argument to the find function. But even better, I now have an easy solution for having stable minor numbers in the kernel. Just fill a table (with the help of a /sbin/hotplug-style user space program) that maps device node ids on minor numbers. As a timeframe, I hope to have a version of devreg without the stable minor number thing ready in two or three weeks.
I am also writing on a system similar to the minor number thing but for major numbers with the major name instead of the device node id. It will hopefully be ready at the same time. This would solve Linus' decision of not allowing any new major numbers as it moves the major number location from the central register to the user or his distribution. I haven't seen any other patch doing this, which quite surprises me. However, I need this code for the device node id / minor number mapping.
New HTML Parser: The long-awaited libxml2 based HTML parser code is live. It needs further work but already handles most markup better than the original parser.
Keep up with the latest Advogato features by reading the Advogato status blog.
If you're a C programmer with some spare time, take a look at the mod_virgule project page and help us with one of the tasks on the ToDo list!


text:
By Chris Kieffer/NEMS Daily Journal
PONTOTOC – Pontotoc High School student Robert Fleming admits he felt a tug of shyness when he entered the state Beta Club convention last month.
He didn't let it stop him from meeting many of the several thousand attendees before the event ended.
The PHS junior was elected as the state Beta Club president during the two-day event held at the BancorpSouth Arena. In order to defeat the seven candidates who opposed him, Fleming began shaking hands with as many people as he could from the event's earliest moments.
By the time he gave a speech on the convention's first night, many of the attendees were already cheering for him.
"At first, I was extremely nervous," said Fleming, 17. "My goal before the speech was to introduce myself to everyone and give my platform and get all the support I could.
"My main thing was putting shyness behind me and trying to get face-to-face contact. Sometimes I am shy about meeting new people, but as I got going, I kept going."
The Beta Club honors both academic achievement and service. Participants need an overall A grade-point-average and must annually complete 30 hours of community service.
As the organization's state president, Fleming will represent the club between now and next year's convention in February. He will visit schools throughout the state and try to encourage those without vibrant chapters to start a club or to become more active. Next year, he will lead the state conference, giving a motivational speech and opening sessions.
Fleming also must lead a statewide service project. He is currently working locally to raise $1,000 for the Muscular Dystrophy Association and may expand those efforts throughout the state.
"Beta Club gives me an opportunity to make a difference in my community and to make a difference in the state of Mississippi," Fleming said.
Fleming has been in the club since he was a sixth-grader, but his decision to seek the leadership position came on a whim. While he was speaking with friends during the fall, someone suggested he try. PHS had one other student interested in the position, so the school held a runoff, and Fleming won the right to represent his school at the state convention.
"I thought it would be something new, different and interesting to be a part of," he said. "As it grew bigger, it became a way to serve and try to help others."
The support of his classmates was an important part of his candidacy. Not only did they also campaign on his behalf during the convention, they also performed a skit in support of him after Fleming's speech.
The skit played off the viral "Gangnam Style" music video to reflect the theme of Fleming's campaign, "Robert Style." T-shirts also carried the slogan.
"It is about promoting service," Fleming said when asked what the slogan means to him.
Lea Ann Dunklee, who serves as club co-sponsor with Jennifer Rodgers, said Fleming and his classmates took much initiative.
"He and the other students took the lead," she said. "I guided them, but this has been student led. Robert does a great job of motivating them, and they listen to him."
Fleming enjoyed that process so much that he plans to seek the office of national president during the national convention in Mobile in June.
The Eagle Scout is also active in his church, Good Shepherd Church of God, where his father is the pastor. He is the son of Robert and Shirley Fleming.
Fleming is the second Pontotoc student to become state Beta president in recent years. Robb King held the position from 2010 to 2011.
"The students are energized and excited about stepping it up for nationals," Dunklee said. "It has really energized them."


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Middleton-Cross Plains School Board To Appeal Teacher's Reinstatement
Board Votes, 8-1, To Appeal Arbitrator's Ruling To Give A Fired Teacher His Job Back
MIDDLETON, Wis. - The Middleton-Cross Plains School Board voted 8-1 on Monday night to appeal the ruling of an arbitrator who decided a fired seventh-grade teacher should get his job back.
Andrew Harris was dismissed in May 2010 for viewing pornographic emails at work. The 23 messages were sent by his sister and district email records showed he never replied asking her to stop sending them, but did seem to encourage the messages with positive responses.
The more than two-year process, dating back to Harris' suspension, has cost the district almost $400,000 in legal fees.
After the vote on Monday night, School Board President Ellen Lindgren said she didn't have an estimate on what an appeal would cost, but said she and her fellow members felt committed to take the measure all the way to the state Supreme Court if necessary.
"I think that the board and the community feel that this is public policy that needs to be affirmed, that this behavior is unacceptable in schools," Lindgren said. "This is not a case just about the Middleton-Cross Plains Area School District, it's bigger than that. So, the board is committed at this point to going forward to make sure that this is changed."
A few dozen parents attended the regularly scheduled board meeting and a handful waited out an hour-long closed session to hear the decision on Harris's employment. An arbitrator had ruled Harris should be reinstated and receive back pay. The decision by the board to vacate the arbitrator's ruling and appeal means it will also challenge the reduction in discipline for two other employees who were suspended for viewing inappropriate content at work.
A district-wide email dragnet after Harris' emails were reported discovered six other employees with inappropriate content deemed to be in violation of the district's acceptable use policy. Harris was found to have the highest number of pictures and pornographic content.
Several parents spoke to the board while the meeting was still in open session to vehemently oppose his reinstatement.
"Take a stand and let the communities know that our children cannot and will not be taught by individuals that are lascivious, sexist and perverted," said Erik Cushman, a district parent.
Holly Van Gilder said she initially went to the district headquarters to review the case, hoping to side with Harris and saying she supported underdogs. When she saw the images she said she no longer could.
"This case is of a man with a blatant record of pornographic emails that were welcomed, along with positive responses to them over an 18-month period," said Van Gilder. "I see a man whose out of control and who doesn?t understand what he did that was wrong."
Two people spoke on Harris' behalf, including Sara Brenkman, who did so in spite of some jeers from the audience.
"I must say that nowhere have I read that this man is a pedophile. And there?s no evidence of him being a pedophile," said Brenkman. "I must say I was a teacher at Glacier Creek and of the teachers there, he was a very inspiring science teacher to many kids."
Bob Hesselbeim was the lone board member who voted in support of upholding the arbitor's ruling.
"No children were exposed to pornographic images, and this long ordeal has cost hundreds of thousands of dollars," he said in a statement. "As a taxpayer and parent, I am opposed to any more hard-earned taxpayer money diverted from education to pay for costly and uncertain legal appeals."
The next phase of the case will play out in circuit court. No date has been set.


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some times you can't fix stupid several years ago I had a English setter he died at 11 years old about 6 mo later I rescued a 9 mo old setter I put him out to air about 1/2 hour I went to get him and he was gone I went around to all the neighbors asking . the last person I talked to said she saw someone take him I called the police and the humane center and was told they had him and were coming out to cite me for abuse of a animal I asked why and they said the dog has lost a lot of weight. I told them that he was within the range of a young dog and would bring in the vets record ,it turns out that they thought he was the old dog
. they were going to write me up any way I ended up having to get a lawyer and threaten to sue before they dropped it


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http://thenewamerican.com/usnews/con...trol-jail-fedsAs the Obama administration plots various assaults on gun rights by executive order and legislation, proposals described as very extreme even by some Democrats, state lawmakers in Wyoming have another idea. Republican legislators are rallying behind nullification legislation that would void unconstitutional infringements on the right to keep and bear arms, even providing prison time for any federal agents who may try to enforce Washington, D.C., gun control in the state. Lawmakers expect it to pass.
The new bill, H.B. 0104 or the Firearms Protection Act, would nullify any new federal infringements on the constitutionally protected gun rights of state residents who enjoy some of the lowest crime rates while being among the most heavily armed people in America. Unconstitutional federal gun registration schemes, as well as restrictions on semi-automatic guns or standard-capacity magazines, would also be nullified under the legislation.
There are teeth in the proposed law too: Any federal official attempting to enforce unconstitutional statutes or decrees infringing on gun rights passed after January 1 of this year would be charged with a felony. If convicted, criminal officials would be punished by up to five years in state prison and a $5,000 fine. The legislation also authorizes the state attorney general to defend citizens of Wyoming if federal authorities seek prosecutions under unconstitutional gun control rules.
At least eight state representatives and two state senators have already sponsored the legislation. And nationwide, support for similar measures is exploding. "We want to get things ahead of the game," Republican state Rep. Kendell Kroeker, the primary sponsor of the bill, told the Huffington Post. "We take the Second Amendment seriously in Wyoming . If the federal government is going to pass laws taking back our rights, it is our right as a state to defend those rights."
Citing his oath to support and defend the U.S. and state constitutions, state Rep. Kroeker has been a leader in standing against lawless usurpations of power by the federal government. In a previous session, he introduced legislation to increase the use of gold as currency in the state, for example. "I take an oath to uphold, support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of Wyoming," Kroeker continued, telling reporters that his constituents and activists nationwide were thrilled by the move. "I believe it is my duty to take that oath seriously."
In a separate interview with the Associated Press, the liberty-minded lawmaker noted that there are a lot of people who would seek to take all of Americans guns at least if they could. The only thing restraining them, Kroeker said, is public opposition as well as other lawmakers who take their oaths seriously and are concerned about protecting the peoples unalienable rights.
"We're a sovereign state with our own constitutional form of government," he told the AP. "We've got a right to make our laws, and if the federal government is going to try to enforce unconstitutional laws on our people and take away the rights of Wyoming citizens, then we as a state are going to step up and make that a crime."
I think we're going to see more of this.


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|>> Archive: Salmon & Steelhead Flies Spey flies to mixed wings, new innovations
|Topic Review (Newest First)
Pattern: Nuke Egg Fly - Oregon Cheese
Thread: Red
Hook: standard egg fly hook, sizes - 8 -14, tied weighted or unweighted
Body: red thread wrapped forward or small strand of yarn of same of different color as the egg.
Egg: Cut two 1/2 inch pieces of glo bug or McFly Foam yarn oregon cheese color. I wrap one under hook and one over secure with thread and comb out yarn to a fluff.
Technique: Fish dead drifted using nymph techniques, use a heavy sink tip or perhaps fine split shot on leader to increase the sink rate of the fly as needed. Any hesitation of the fly line during the drift could be a take and must be considered as such with a proper hook set.
Species: All trout and salmon during and after spawning season. Only time I have not fished egg flies is the summer.
|John Desjardins
7'th Pmflyfisher SBD flyswap entry, Oregon Cheese Egg
This is the 7''th and final of Hals entrys in the simple but deadly fly swap. I'll let Hal enter the recipe.
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Port Douglas and the Great Barrier Reef
Trip Start Nov 30, 2005
31Trip End Dec 09, 2006
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We arrived in Port Douglas and checked into a campsite for a few days. We headed into the town to ivestigate which trip we wanted to do. There were so many on offer really ranging in prices. The weather had a big impact on our decision. It was quite windy when we arrived and the idea of being on a boat all day did not appeal (I get very sea sick). for a couple of days we kept an eye on the forecasts whilst deciding which boat trip to do. In the end we decided to go with 'quicksilver'. They had a massive boat that took you to a pontoon on the outer reef - where you spend all day snorkelling, diving or just sunbathing. It turned out to be the most expensive option but was worth it as I didn't get sick at all. We waited nearly a week to go and on the day of our trip the wind dropped to 10 knots which was perfect
We really did have a great day. John did an intro dive which I got to watch most of from an underwater viewing platform and I just enjoyed the snorkelling. It all felt so safe and therefore we were able to enjoy it 100%.
Port Douglas is a great town. Quite up-market and very beautiful. We spent most of our time here not doing a great deal. We did go to a wildlife park where you have breakfast with the birds (sure that H&S would have something to say about that at home!!!). It was certainly very sad once we left here as we knew that it was time to settle down and do some work for a while. (its a hard life - we know!!)


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Paul. let's try federal INCOME taxes. Almost 50% pay nothing. How is that fair to those of us that pay federal income taxes?
Hihope Hiland Heathen of Perth CD, RE, CGC, TDI. (RIP)
teracroft Clan Piper of Perth CGC TDI (RIP)
Boyne's Fast Break of Perth RN CGC CGCU( munchin in training)
Tell that to the millions of senior citizens who have subsisted on SS, and lived their retirement years with dignity.
Your simpleton comments are totally heartless, and very snobbish and elitist. Of all the BS corporate donations our tax dollars go to, like Haliburton execs, I'm glad to see some of it going to helping fellow Americans...especially the ones who handed us the greatest nation in history.
Why DON'T you go live in Cuba??
God Bless PFC Jamie Harkness. The US Army's newest PFC, but still our neighbor's little girl!
Another lib (you and the Oracle of Omaha) calling for more taxation. Lasttime I checked, the Feds would welcome a donation by you two, and the rest of you liberals. But neither of you want to help out, you only want to see EVERYBODY pay in so it's always equal suffering. It's part of your philosophy. It's like if a conservative doesn't like to listen to Olberdork, we turn him off. But if a liberal doesn't like to listen to Rush, you want to make a law to remove him from the air.
Concerning your first paragraph, you must not have read the URL you quoted. Let me copy some of it and present it here for your edification.
The IRS data below include all of the 139.96 million tax returns filed in 2008 that had a positive AGI, not just the returns from people who earned enough to owe taxes. These figures exclude those tax returns filing a return merely to receive a stimulus check.
From other IRS data, we can see that in 2008, around 52 million tax returns were filed with either positive or negative AGI that used exemptions, deductions and tax credits to completely wipe out their federal income tax liability. Not only did they get back every dollar that the federal government withheld from their paychecks during 2008, but some even received more back from the IRS. This is a result of refundable tax credits like the earned income tax credit (EITC), the refundable portion of which is not included in the aggregate percentile data here. (For a detailed paper on the distribution of the entire U.S. fiscal system, including all federal, state and local taxes, read "Who Pays Taxes and Who Receives Government Spending? An Analysis of Federal, State and Local Tax and Spending Distributions, 1991 - 2004.")
So, regardless of what you see getting withheld from paychecks, it doesn't mean that person paid ANY Federal income tax. 52,000,000,000 out of around 140 million returns fell into that category, BUT they DID NOT include those filing just to get a stimulus check. Wonder how many of those we might locate???
Here's a novel idea. I would bet a bundle that if you found all those that filed in that manner, they would all be from your party, and voted for Obama.
Now here's another novel idea. Wouldn't it be fun to contact all of them, and present your plan to increase the FICA on their paychecks? Bet they would all be elated to "give back" so the infrastructure would be re-built; or their schools that gave them that incredible education could afford more of those erudite teachers; or we'd have more in the 'kitty' for those unfortunate unemployed, that are going to be 'cut-off' after only 3 years of not working; and the major reason for pumping up the government coffers is so all the unions can pay those exorbitant salaries and pension fees that allow you to retire in the lap of luxury.
What's clear to me, Paul, is you liberals have no clue how this nation is run. Your views that big government, unionization, class envy that espouses the same old mantra of "tax the rich", and attempting to keep this present oligarchy in power, are about to be put on display for what they really are.
"We the People" are eventually taking back this nation, because left to those you are blinded by, Paul, this nation can't last another generation, regardless of how much FICA gets increased, OR how generous your donation to the cause is.
When the one you love becomes a memory, that memory becomes a treasure.
For 2010 A family of 4 with a gross income of 50,000 would have zero federal tax liability and actually get a check from the taxpayers for $38.00
This calculation was done using the standard deduction.
Hihope Hiland Heathen of Perth CD, RE, CGC, TDI. (RIP)
teracroft Clan Piper of Perth CGC TDI (RIP)
Boyne's Fast Break of Perth RN CGC CGCU( munchin in training)
same thing but 4 kids rather than 2. ZERO federal tax liability and a very nice redistribution of wealth check of $3130.00 from the actual federal income taxpayers.
Now lets looks at the DINKS . They would have a federal tax liability of $3058.00
Total redistribution of wealth.
Hihope Hiland Heathen of Perth CD, RE, CGC, TDI. (RIP)
teracroft Clan Piper of Perth CGC TDI (RIP)
Boyne's Fast Break of Perth RN CGC CGCU( munchin in training)
i ask again, who do you personally know who pays NO federal income tax? anyone? i know a lot of people in that income range with 2 dependant children, and they're all paying federal income tax. they're not exactly living large, either.-Paul
there's no good reason to fatten up a retriever.


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
4/30/2017 2:50:01 PM. For Customer Service, please call 800.933.9904
One doll's a pal. Two is company. And three's a crowd. Especially when they're these super soft, hand knit animals with clever accessories.
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EMMANUEL WESLEYAN CHURCH LIVE FEED ON USTREAM, Emmanuel Wesleyan Church is located in Salisbury Maryland. Our purpose of creating this Live Stream is to help spread the word of God, not just at our Church but on the internet as well. If you want to learn more you can visit our Website at http://www.ewchurch.com Emmanuel Wesleyan Church Streams Our Sunday Morning, and Sunday Evening Services Every Sunday. Feel Free To Check Out Our Past Recorded Videos Of Our Services Here At Emmanuel Wesleyan Church. Thanks for your interest in Emmanuel Wesleyan Church's live feed.
ewc EWC ewchurch


text:
- Admissions
- Academics
- Campus Life
- Athletics
- Cost & Aid
- News & Events
- About Plattsburgh
I provide leadership for the staff and get involved in all aspects of our office activities: marketing, recruitment, admissions, orientation, transfer credit evaluations, immigration advising, and international student support.
By watching our international students encounter all sorts of challenges (i.e., academic, financial, social, etc.) with amazing maturity and resourcefulness, I have learned that all things are possible if you are committed to excellence and willing to give support and accept help from your friends.
Academic Credentials: B.A. Classics, College of the Holy Cross (Worcester, Massachusetts); Ed.M. Administration, Planning, and Social Policy, Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
Brief Biography: My life, both professionally and personally, is never boring. My days are spent interacting with prospective students, current students, guidance counselors, and on-campus colleagues (mostly via e-mail these days). My evenings are spent with my family of three sons and my husband, Steve. I've particularly enjoyed working with some talented international students over the past several years, many of whom I am pleased to call friends now that they are out there in the "real world."
Places I have visited: Traveled to more than 40 countries in the last seven years. I've enjoyed all of my travels and am always intrigued by both the differences and similarities in cultures and behaviors.
Favorite SUNY Plattsburgh activity: Participating in (and driving the van for) international student excursions to local shopping areas and tourist attractions. Also, attending just a few of the many cultural performances on campus: Gospel Choir, theatrical performances, and visiting performing artists from other countries.
Favorite experience as an ISS staff member: Meeting the parents of the students I know at graduation. I feel privileged to have a close relationship with many of the international students on campus and honored to be present as they prepare to continue their lives beyond the Plattsburgh community.
Best advice for prospective international students: Always attend class, be on time, and be willing to participate in classroom discussions. Students should recognize that some of the most important things they will learn at university are taught outside of the classroom, so get involved and seize the opportunities around you.
If you have any questions about international admission or financial aid at SUNY Plattsburgh, please contact:
Global Education Office and International Admissions
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Kehoe Administration Building, Room 210
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Plattsburgh, New York 12901 USA
Phone: (518) 564-3287
Fax: (518) 564-3292
Email: email@example.com


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By School reports
JACKSON, Miss. – For the second consecutive year, the River Hills Cup is wrapped in Maroon and White. The No. 10 Mississippi State men's tennis squad (5-0) defeated No. 12 Ole Miss (2-1) 4-2 Thursday night at River Hills Club to retain the trophy in a match that lasted nearly six hours.
The Bulldogs have now won four straight against their in-state foes, who are the preseason coaches pick to win the Southeastern Conference in 2013. Four of State's five wins in 2013 have come over top 30 teams and MSU's 5-0 start is the program's best since 1998's NCAA Semifinal team started 7-0.
"I thought it was an amazing match," head coach Per Nilsson said. "They're not easy to beat and they have a really good team. This is a huge win for our team and also for our freshmen."
State jumped out to an early 1-0 lead by capturing the doubles point to start the match. MSU's duo of Zach White and Ethan Wilkinson, playing at the No. 2 spot, dropped their match to the No. 25-ranked UM team of William Kallberg and Adrian Skogeng 8-3, giving the Rebels the early advantage.
However, the Bulldogs would not relent, grabbing an impressive 8-5 victory on court one from the No. 28 duo of Jordan Angus and Malte Stropp against Ole Miss' No. 43 Jonas Lutjen and Nik Scholtz. The MSU freshmen duo of Romain Bogaerts and Pedro Dumont would then follow with the clinching win against UM's Johan Backstrom and Stefan Lindmark 8-6 on court three.
"It was a tough loss," associate head coach Toby Hansson said. "We felt like we had some chances in doubles, and then we didn't get the point. The No. 1 singles match could have gone either way, it just came down to a couple of points here or there. At No. 2 singles we had some chances in the third set, had a couple of games we could have actually won and didn't. We had game points that we lost, and that made the difference."
Singles play would provide even more excitement between the two in-state rivals. State would build a 3-0 lead in the match before Ole Miss fought back to make things interesting late.
MSU's junior Stropp, ranked 81st in the nation, would be the first to finish, pulling a major upset against No. 5 Lutjen of Ole Miss at No. 2. Stropp took the first set, but Lutjen forced a deciding set in the match, which Stropp would take with ease, posting a 6-3, 3-6, 6-2 victory. Stropp is now 5-0 this season in singles.
State's second singles victory would come from top freshman, No. 25 Bogaerts, at the No. 1 spot in the lineup. The MSU newcomer, now 5-0 this season, captured the first set, but Scholtz fired back to take the second, forcing a third and final set. The two stars would battle it out, with MSU's Bogaerts finally taking the match 6-3, 4-6, 7-5.
At that point, State senior James Chaudry was in a fierce battle with No. 95 Kallberg in a tight three-setter at the No. 3 spot trying to clinch the match. Despite earning several match points in the third set, Chaudry would drop a very tough decision, 3-6, 6-2, 7-6(8).
That setback would extend play well into the evening between the two teams, with State leading 3-1. The Bulldogs would rely on the play of their other three freshmen to find the final victory they needed.
At the No. 5 position, State's Dumont faced off against UM's Lindmark, but fell 6-4, 6-3, leaving MSU rookies Angus and Stefan Vinti still on court.
Angus fell behind a set early and it looked as if Vinti would provide the deciding point of the match after blowing past Adrian Skogeng 6-0 in his first set.
But Angus started battling back against Backstrom at the No. 4 position and rallied to claim a 4-6, 6-1, 6-4 triumph to clinch the team victory for the Bulldogs. The rookie improved to 5-0 on the season with the victory.
After the match was clinched, Vinti was still up a set and tight in the second with Skogeng when play was suspended.
The Bulldogs return to action Sunday, when they host No. 53 South Alabama and Tennessee Tech in a doubleheader on campus. Match times will be 11 a.m. and 5 p.m., respectively.
The Rebels will now prepare for a match against Portland on Feb. 13 followed by the ITA National Team Indoor in Seattle, Wash., which begins Feb. 15.
No. 10 Mississippi State 4, No. 12 Ole Miss 2
February 7, 2013 – River Hills Cup – Jackson, Miss.
1) No. 28 Jordan Angus/Malte Stropp (MSU) def. No. 43 Jonas Lutjen/Nik Scholtz (UM) 8-5
2) No. 25 William Kallberg/Adrian Skogeng (UM) def. Zach White/Ethan Wilkinson (MSU) 8-3
3) Romain Bogaerts/Pedro Dumont (MSU) def. Johan Backstrom/Stefan Lindmark (UM) 8-6
1) No. 25 Bogaerts (MSU) def. No. 33 Scholtz (UM) 6-3, 4-6, 7-5
2) No. 81 Stropp (MSU) def. No. 5 Lutjen (UM) 6-3, 3-6, 6-2
3) No. 95 William Kallberg (UM) def. James Chaudry (MSU) 3-6, 6-2, 7-6(8)
4) Angus (MSU) def. Johan Backstrom (UM) 4-6, 6-1, 6-4
5) Lindmark (UM) def. Dumont (MSU) 6-4, 6-3
6) Stefan Vinti (MSU) vs. Adrian Skogeng (UM) 6-0, 3-4, susp.
Order of finish… Doubles (2,1,3)… Singles (2,1,3,5,4)


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FRITZ!Box 6810 LTE Service - Knowledge Base
FRITZ!Box 6810 LTE Service
AVM Content
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This document is also available for the following products:
CAT-iq support
Current FRITZ!Box models with DECT functionality and current FRITZ!Fon models support some of the services and functions defined in CAT-iq; however, they are currently not CAT-iq certified. For example, the function HD telephony complies with the new standard, which means that it is completely compatible with all products for HD telephony available on the market that are based on the CAT-iq standard.
In addition, the FRITZ!Box and FRITZ!Fon models from AVM offer a whole range of additional functions that currently cannot be implemented with the CAT-iq standard. For this reason, AVM does not feel that certification is necessary at the moment, nor do we have plans to seek it.


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Looks like an actual feeding shad
Nose-down action makes it weedless
Realistic presentation and super loud rattle
Designed for fishing thru aquatic vegetation
Includes sticky sharp Gamakatsu hooks
Designed to do things no other lipless crankbait can, the Spro Aruku Shad is uniquely made to lock on to the bottom in a nose down position during the retrieve, making it look like an actual feeding shad moving along the bottom. Specifically designed for fishing thru aquatic vegetation, it's nose-down action makes it one of the most weedless lipless crankbaits on the market. Life-like finishes, including etched scale patterns and 3D eyes add to the Aruku Shad's realistic presentation, and its super loud rattle garners additional attention. Great for bedding bass as well as other fresh and saltwater game fish, the Spro Aruku Shad features sticky sharp Gamakatsu hooks.


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So Nate Myers emailed me today to ask why I didn't just post a web page with the text of WiebeTech's press release about the product I developed for them instead of all these cryptic hints in my diary.
And I responded to Nate that his email was the first that I'd heard of WiebeTech announcing the product, and I didn't want to announce it before WiebeTech did.
(WiebeTech's press release is a Word document. Sorry. I'll ask them if it's OK that I post an HTML version.)
WiebeTech's FireWire Encrypt(TM) is an implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard embedded in an Oxford 911 FireWire/IDE bridge. It encrypts each sector of the user's hard drive using the Rijndael block cipher.
It is designed to be portable and easy to use. Easy to use because the only software the user needs to install is a small applet to enter the passphrase. There is no complicated operating-system level software to install or configure. Portable because FireWire is a hot-pluggable technology for external devices.
A good use for the product would be to safely take confidential source code or business plans home from work on a hard drive, without fear that your secrets would be revealed if the hard drive were stolen.
WiebeTech will be demonstrating it on Mac OS X, but I plan to support it from Linux and Windows by the time the product is released to the public.
And yes, we're applying for a patent. But we're not applying for an algorithm patent. I disagree as much as anyone here with the abusive patents that the USPTO has been issuing the last few years, but I think this sort of thing is appropriate to patent.
Getting it to actually work was definitely novel and unobvious, and I believe that users will find it useful.
Someone emailed to ask me about what encryption mode FireWire Encrypt uses, and I thought I should post that here too.
It uses Cipher Block Chaining and Initialization Vectors.
Cipher block chaining is applied to each 16-byte block of a 512-byte disk sector. What you do is XOR the previous block's ciphertext over the next block's cleartext before encrypting subsequent blocks. This has the effect of making identical blocks of cleartext encrypt differently.
CBC can't be carried between disk sectors because the host can read or write each sector independently. To make identical sectors encrypt differently, I use an initialization vector.
What you do is XOR some value over the first block of cleartext in each sector before you encrypt it. The IV doesn't have the be kept secret. It doesn't even really matter what value you use, as long as each sector gets a unique IV. The simplest thing to do is to use the sector number as the IV.
I felt that was the best thing to do after reading about block cipher modes in Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography.
Initialization vectors work better than you might think because one of the characteristics of a strong encryption algorithm is that flipping a single bit in the plaintext will flip, on the average, half the bits in the ciphertext, with the bits that get flipped being apparently randomly distributed. So having only one bit of the IV being different from sector to sector will dramatically change the ciphertext.
I was also asked if the product checks that the user has entered the correct password. The version that will be demoed at MacWorld doesn't do that yet, but I think that verifying the password is very important for making the product accessible to regular users. I know a simple way I can do that, and plan to check passwords in the final released product.


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Pa once again did well in the call maker competion in Nashville.
Congratulation go to Mike Lapp for winning the Neil Cost - Champion of Champions Award as well as the Don Chancey Award for box call sets.
Ed Terefencko,Lee Smith, Pat Strawser and Gregg Guthridge also did well winning or placing in award categories. PA has had a long history of fine call makers and these fellows are an example. I may have left someone out because I don't have the full list, none the less, PA was well represented.


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Welcome to the Substance Abuse Center of Kansas (SACK). We invite you to use this site to learn something about our mission, programs, and staff. Please feel free to contact us with any comments or questions.
SACK is a non-profit organization specializing in the prevention, treatment, and case management of individuals affected by substance abuse.
Normal business hours are Monday to Saturday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm. You may call 316-267-3825 to schedule an appointment anytime during these hours.
As an alternative, we do walk-in assessments Monday to Friday 8:00 am – 3:00 pm. If you present during these hours you will be assessed that same day. Walk-in assessments are completed in the order of arrival and the availability of an Assessment Counselor.
Before being assessed, you must present:
No assessments will be completed without appropriate documentation.
The requirement for identification does not apply if you are:
We accept cash, money orders, and Visa/Mastercard.
SACK adheres to applicable Federal, State, and Local laws and regulations regarding client confidentiality. As a general rule this means that we will not release information about clients without your prior written approval. There are, however, exceptions as noted in the Overview.


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The martian surface was created after the last great war between old earth Atlantis and the Martian invaders. The Martians lost!
Also, I do not believe in the existence of intelligent life in the universe...anywhere!
The martian surface was created after the last great war between old earth Atlantis and the Martian invaders. The Martians lost!
Also, I do not believe in the existence of intelligent life in the universe...anywhere!
May the force be with you.
This just in:
It's the Perseids meteor shower show tonight, kiddies! Actually Aug. 12 at about 3am until sunrise. Look to the northeast for the most part. Up to 100 meteors per hour.
Viewing won't be the best because of the moon's phase right now....too dang bright! So for all you graveyard shift workers or insomniacs: have fun!
If you miss it this year, set your calendar for next, as this is an annual event courtesy of the Maker.
I guess I should state this is US west coast info.
¡Que la fuerza te acompañe!
Woo-hoo! More cool night sky viewing that I probably won't be able to see! (but I'll try... set an alarm or something)
I predict that the upcoming Star Wars Episode VIII: The Last Jedi film will include the word "and." Multiple times.
I made it a point to sit outside for a while last night for longer than the duration of a cigarette and was able to see one meteor shooting from NE to SW. I was actually surprised to have seen that considering my neighborhood is well lit and it was only about 11:00pm.
It's a blacked-out blur but I'm pretty sure it ruled.
Very cool! There should be a little residual happenings tonight, too, but not near what it should have been last night. I was on a case (I see dead people...again) last Friday night/Saturday morning and there were some good displays.
He's a little wiki on the Perseids:
Also, if you're a moonaholic like me, I just found out about this site:
Check out the images!
¡Que la fuerza te acompañe!
They finally tested the Supercollider. So much for creating a Black Hole. Though they haven't put it at full power yet.
GENEVA The world's largest particle collider passed its first major tests by firing two beams of protons in opposite directions around a 17-mile (27-kilometer) underground ring Wednesday in what scientists hope is the next great step to understanding the makeup of the universe.
After a series of trial runs, two white dots flashed on a computer screen at 10:26 a.m. (0826 GMT) indicating that the protons had traveled clockwise along the full length of the 4 billion Swiss franc (US$3.8 billion) Large Hadron Collider described as the biggest physics experiment in history.
"There it is," project leader Lyn Evans said when the beam completed its lap.
Champagne corks popped in labs as far away as Chicago, where contributing and competing scientists watched the proceedings by satellite.
Five hours later, scientists successfully fired a beam counterclockwise.
Physicists around the world now have much greater power to smash the components of atoms together in attempts to learn about their structure.
"Well done, everybody," said Robert Aymar, director-general of the European Organization for Nuclear Research, to cheers from the assembled scientists in the collider's control room at the Swiss-French border.
The organization, known by its French acronym CERN, began firing the protons a type of subatomic particle around the tunnel in stages less than an hour earlier, with the first beam injection at 9:35 a.m. (0735 GMT).
Eventually two beams will be fired at the same time in opposite directions with the aim of recreating conditions a split second after the big bang, which scientists theorize was the massive explosion that created the universe.
"My first thought was relief," said Evans, who has been working on the project since its inception in 1984. "This is a machine of enormous complexity. Things can go wrong at any time. But this morning has been a great start."
He didn't want to set a date, but said that he expected scientists would be able to conduct collisions for their experiments "within a few months."
The collider is designed to push the proton beam close to the speed of light, whizzing 11,000 times a second around the tunnel.
Scientists hope to eventually send two beams of protons through two tubes about the width of fire hoses, speeding through a vacuum that is colder and emptier than outer space. The paths of these beams will cross, and a few protons will collide. The collider's two largest detectors essentially huge digital cameras weighing thousands of tons are capable of taking millions of snapshots a second.
The CERN experiments could reveal more about "dark matter," antimatter and possibly hidden dimensions of space and time. It could also find evidence of the hypothetical particle the Higgs boson which is sometimes called the "God particle" because it is believed to give mass to all other particles, and thus to matter that makes up the universe.
The supercooled magnets that guide the proton beam heated slightly in the morning's first test, leading to a pause to recool them before trying the opposite direction.
The start of the collider came over the objections of some who feared the collision of protons could eventually imperil the Earth by creating micro-black holes, subatomic versions of collapsed stars whose gravity is so strong they can suck in planets and other stars.
"It's nonsense," said James Gillies, chief spokesman for CERN.
CERN was backed by leading scientists like Britain's Stephen Hawking , who declared the experiments to be absolutely safe.
Gillies told the AP that the most dangerous thing that could happen would be if a beam at full power were to go out of control, and that would only damage the accelerator itself and burrow into the rock around the tunnel.
Nothing of the sort occurred Wednesday, though the accelerator is still probably a year away from full power.
The project organized by the 20 European member nations of CERN has attracted researchers from 80 nations. Some 1,200 are from the United States, an observer country that contributed US$531 million. Japan, another observer, also is a major contributor.
Some scientists have been waiting for 20 years to use the LHC.
The complexity of manufacturing it required groundbreaking advances in the use of supercooled, superconducting equipment. The 2001 start and 2005 completion dates were pushed back by two years each, and the cost of the construction was 25 percent higher than originally budgeted in 1996, Luciano Maiani, who was CERN director-general at the time, told The Associated Press.
Maiani and the other three living former directors-general attended the launch Wednesday.
Smaller colliders have been used for decades to study the makeup of the atom. Less than 100 years ago scientists thought protons and neutrons were the smallest components of an atom's nucleus, but in stages since then experiments have shown they were made of still smaller quarks and gluons and that there were other forces and particles.
"Ohh, maxi big da fish! Well dat smells stinkowiff"
"No time to discuss this as a supercommittee.... I am not a supercommittee!"
"I'm sick and tried of these motherfrakkking Sith on this motherfrakkker plane!"
Mace Windu - Episode 2.5: Sith on a Plane
Uh-uh. Just wait until the Mist rolls up on your front lawn. Then you'll wish they hadn't been smashing those atoms over there.
Weird War Tales: Featuring the Creature Commandos #105 November 1981 (DC Comics)
Yeah, I hope Stephen Hawking isn't wrong about that...
What if things go haywire and we all suddenly


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This celebrity breakup hit us hard, because they seemed like such a functional, mature couple: One Tree Hill co-stars Sophia Bush and Austin Nichols have called it quits after six years. It was so sweet to watch them fall in love on-screen and off, as their characters Brooke and Julian overcame the usual dramas to get married and have two beautiful boys, and as Sophia and Austin appeared at red carpet events all lovey-dovey.
According to Us Weekly, it was Sophia's decision to break up, "because she didn't think he was the one. She's moving on." Thankfully, One Tree Hill seems to have shot most of its final season late last year, so the exes don't have to work together on-screen at the moment. Austin is the third co-star Sophia's dated; she and Chad Michael Murray were briefly married in 2005, and she dated James Lafferty in 2009.
Neither Sophia nor Austin has addressed the breakup over Twitter, though today Sophia retweeted the quote "Turn your wounds into wisdom" and added the hashtag #Growth. I think they'll both be OK. For now, let's look over the good times in their relationship in our breakup gallery.


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- Alumni
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Loyola Welcomes International LLM Students
Loyola Law School's LLM for Foreign-Trained Attorneys program welcomed 21 students from across the globe this year. They hail from Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Nicaragua, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand and the United Kingdom. Program Director Joel Mosemann is pleased with the growth of the program, which is only in its second year at Loyola.
"This year's group is diverse by national origin, by professional background and professional goals," Mosemann said. Their legal interests include international business and trade, immigration law, entertainment law and tax law.
Graduates of foreign law schools may apply to the program for a one-year master's degree in law. Successful completion of an American LLM degree signals a mastery of the English language in a professional context. "Our program gives them a solid foundation in the American legal system and allows them to take courses that meet their individual needs," said Mosemann. The degree is also an asset to those who specialize in international business transactions.
LLM students are also eligible for externships with academic credit, which enable them to gain practical experience in an American legal setting. "Because of Loyola's location and history in Los Angeles, we have relationships with a wide variety of renowned legal offices in downtown Los Angeles," said Mosemann. "Our students take advantage of those relationships by gaining valuable work experience without having to travel far."
Valeria Granata has a doctorate of law from the University of Milan, in Italy, where she specialized in bankruptcy and corporate law. During law school, she won a scholarship to attend the summer session at a U.S. law school and learn the fundamentals of American law. "I fell in love with the American legal system and wanted to expand my knowledge with an LLM," she said, "I chose Loyola because the program allows me to have an externship while taking classes." Granata has secured an externship with a firm in Irvine, CA this year and says that her goal is to pass the California Bar Examination.
Some students are United States citizens or permanent residents and plan to stay and work in California as a licensed attorney. Others are visiting the U.S. and intend to return to their home countries to practice law. "Loyola seeks to enrich the campus community both culturally and intellectually through the LLM program," said Mosemann. "The experiences and perspectives of foreign students trained in other countries' legal systems add to our learning environment, especially when a foreign student shares a different approach to a legal issue."
Ramon Lacayo was born in San Francisco and raised in Nicaragua, where he graduated from law school and worked as a public defender. Currently, he is working for the Los Angeles County Bar Association in the Immigration Legal Assistance Project. "My externship reinforces what I learn in class," he said. "I have one-on-one time with clients doing naturalization, Green Cards and much more." Loyola's Jesuit mission attracted Lacayo to the school because of its emphasis on social needs. Lacayo hopes to pass the California Bar Examination and to continue working for underserved communities as an immigration attorney.
Loyola's LLM for Foreign-Trained Attorneys allows students to build a very flexible course schedule based on their unique legal backgrounds. Students must complete a minimum of 24 units to earn the degree, but only five of those units are from required courses. This allows students to specialize in a particular area of law, take a broad survey of topics or establish bar exam eligibility.
Media Relations
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School board meeting is about to begin.
Jeff Norwood, expected to be named Tupelo High School's boys basketball coach, is at today's meeting. His hiring would be pending board approval. The Daily Journal's Gene Phelps is also here to cover that.
Board member Rob Hudson is not currently present, but is expected to be on his way.
Interim Superintendent David Meadows said there are a few changes to the agenda. The board will review its policy on technology resources and responsible access. Changes to the policy will be made to include changes that were made to the federal Children's Internet Protection Act.
He would also like to give the board an opportunity to study its summer school policy because it has not had a summer school in so long. The district is proposing
Meadows said that the board will recommend the employment of a school graduation coach/ head boys basketball coach for 2012-13 school year. He said that the person to be recommended will be coming back home to Tupelo.
Meadows said that Glenda Scott will retire as of June 30. She is the district's curriculum director.
School board president Eddie Prather said the board will change its second July board meeting from July 24 to July 31.
Rob Hudson just entered the meeting.
The board approved the agenda.
12:18 p.m.
The board approved the minutes from several board meetings. It includes four special-called meetings related to Calvin Ellis hearing.
12:25 p.m.
Meadows is now speaking about the technology resources and responsible access policy. It includes the changes mandadated by CIPA (Child's Internet Protection Act). This is a first reading of the policy.
Meadows said district must include phrasing that technology protection measures are in place and are used for all Internet access. Meadows notes that the district has a very strong filter that keys on language and particular combination of language. He said that the filter is so strong that sometimes it keeps out good emails.
The policy also requires Internet safety training to be provided to minors.
Deputy Supt. Diana Ezell has been working with technology director Brenda Meriweather and the technology staff on the new policy, Meadows said.
Ezell said the district will have a curriculum on acceptable use of the laptops and other technology.
"We have a lot of systems in place to protect our children and we want to continue to do that," she said.
Ezell said they are also working on cyber bullying and that THS Principal Jason Harris has been working with the attorney general to bring a cyber bullying program to the school.
12:30 p.m.
Board approves consent agenda.
Pam Traylor made the student transfer report, and the board approved it
12:35 p.m.
Personnel Director Jim Turner is now presenting the personnel report. It includes two retirements, six resignations, 24 summer curriculum teacher leaders and two literacy team members. Under classified, it includes one new full-time security position and several others.
The substitute pool is now up to 195 individuals.
Turner said there are 3.5 licensed positions to be filled and 19 classified positions that are vacant.
Currently, the recruiting season has ended until October, Turner said. Since January, he has interviewed 161 applicants from throughout MS and LA. Approx. 25 of those applicants were minorities, he said. He said they acquired many secondary math, biology and special education candidates and that it is unusual to have an abundance of those.
Turner said that as of April 13, 10 individuals have given written requests to retire and nine who have said they will resign at the end of the school year.
Hudson asks about exit interviews. Turner said that everyone who resigns is given an exit interview form and asked to send it back.
Meadows welcomes new assistant superintendent Dr. Matt Dillon to the school board meeting. Dillon has been working at principal at Pearl High School.
Board approves the personnel report.
12:41 p.m.
David Meadows now will make two recommendations
Meadows : "Ms. SCott, I can't tell you how much the district appreciates what yu ahve done during your time here. From the time you started as an administrative intern on to your time at Rankin, we truly appreciate your leadership. WE truly appreciate your leadership with the curriculum department. When I came to Tupelo, the things that Ms. Scott has done in the last 2 or 3 years with the curriculum department ahve been phenomenal. The summer work last summer served as a platform for the teaching and learing that have gone on in our district.
Words can not express it.
"I would ask that the board consider approving resignation of Glenda Scott effective June 30 to retire."
Prather: "I hate to entertain the motion for this, but I guess there comes a time for it."
Board accepts Scott's retirmement.
Meadow now makes another recommendation. "To welcome number 10 back home." He refers to Norwoods three state championships
AFter an extensive serach, I am bringing forward Mr. Jeff Norwood on behlf of Dr. Loden who parcitipated in interivew process and community members who ehlped us with the search, I am pleased to recommend Mr. Norwood today.
He brings not only a wealth of coaching experience in teh college ranks. I am also excited because I was on campus of USM up until 1995, so we almost corssed paths.
One of the things I consider a hgihlght, during Mr. Norwood's tenure there, in spring of 2003, USM recognized its boys basketball team for 100 pecent graduation rate. Isn't that wonderful? Cna you imagine the role model that MR. Norwood will be for our young women and men at Tupelo High School and particularly the men that he will be working with on the basketball court"
He is recommending Norwood as school graduation coach. Says it is a position that Dr. Loden has worked with before and that the board is getting a job description of that position. HE will work directly with middle and high school students encouraging them to stay in school and graduate.
Meadows is also recommending him as head boys basketball coach at Tupelo Hgih School.
The board approves the creation of the graduation coach position.
The board approves Norwood as head basketball coach.
Norwood is now making remarks to the board and those at the meeting.
Norwood: "I want to say thanks to the board and Dr Porter and MR. Harris. It is truly a blessing. THis whole process made me realzie I did have some dreams. I never could remember anything I was dreaming about. WHen I started pursuing this position I remembered going to the state tournament and playing against Gulfport High School (thought they would win). We played Gulfport the next day and it didn't unfold the way we expected. I thought I was in good condition. THose guys ran me to death. I always said if I had my own team, I would like them to take the court like Gulfport did.
There was a dream becasue I dreamed about having the same thing here. What makes me most happy is that it didnt even start about basketball it started with my pursuit of my faith and beleiving it was time to come back. (Said his brother Alex started asking him to try to come back and coach several years ago). It took a little maturity to grow up and realize it was time for me to serve and come back here…I've talked to a bunch of friends here in town and they are excited about teh basketball coach part. I'm excited that what really moved me was the graduation coach part. I was an average student and I didn't have hte ditection or foucs and I enver thought about going to college. I know there are so many students who can do it, but they jsut don't have that focus.
I know tehre are a large number that are so naive about if they can go out and do it and we ahve to reach out and go sit down and talk to them. I want you to know that I am here and ready to do that.
I know we will win basketball games becase Tupelo has always won in every sport.
My dad served as the first minority on the Tupelp Public SChool Districty board. I always wondered how I could measure up in this community and I am proud ot have the change to do just that.
AS each day got closer for this day to come, I got a little more excited. I tried to be cool about it, but I am very happy to be here.
I wnat to end by saying thank you agian. The main card is my mom is here in Tupelo and she still can fish…I am thankful. Let's go."
12:58 p.m.
School board accepts claims docket and financial statements.
Finance director Linda Pannell also presents the cash flow statement
Prather asks when MAEP will be approved.
Meadows said the last update he has had is that they anticipate doing that right at the beginning of May, next week. That was as of this morning.
Diana Ezell is now making a presentation about extended school year.
1:01 p.m.
The district will offer extended school year programs at Joyner (K-2), Pierce Street (3-5), Tupelo Middle School (6-8) and the Filmore Center (HSAA, Structure Day and School Aged Mother program). THere will also be one summer school program on the high school campus. It will be for 9th to 12th and will be tuition.
The district will also develop an afternoon program for students with dyslexic characteristics. They are still in the stages of developing that.
Rob Hudson asks when the district last did a program like this. Ezell said three years, but two summers ago. They've had two summers without it.
Extended school year is designed for studnets in danger of repeating or students in tier program who are receiving academic supports and need those supports during the summer.
Hudson asks if it will be mandatory.
Ezell: For K-2, teachers will recommend students. In order for them to be promoted they will have to attend. If they chose not to, they will be retained in that program for the following year.
Hudson: How will we measure its effectiveness.
Ezell each grade level will choose a beginning and an end assessment. They will also have assessments results from teachers to show which skills students mastered during the school year and which ones need extra help. Ezell said there will also be tests given during the school year to measure the progess of those students.
Ezell said the assistant principals who are working during this time will not be under their contract and that the district will need to pay them extra for this.
Ezell said the projections are about 500 students. 95 for 9-12 extedned day. She is not sure about summer school. She said they have also opened it up for school districts around them that need to repeat a course for carnegie unit.
They will not offer subject areas they will be taking for the first time but they can take classes they have failed. She said the hope is that it will repare them for the state test retest in August.
Meadows said the district budgeted for this last spring.
Ezell: "This is part of our dropout prevention strategy helping those students who need extra supports outside of the school year."
Ezell said this part of several summer programs: Opportunity camp, summer school, extended year, extedned school for special education students, adding a dyslexia program and a camp for ELL and homeless students.
On dyselxia program, Ezell said that three teachers in the district are dyslexia therapists and they will be planning that. They hope to have a K-2 group and a 3-5 group and if there is a need for more, "I hope to serve the students who really need it."
Wheeler: How will you determine need for me?
Ezell said those students who ahve been diagnosed with dyslexia or show characteristics, we need to identify those. Will need to see how many can come becuase those students will need to provide their own transportation.
Wheeler: Recommendation will come from the teachers? Ezell: yes.
Board approves motion to add extended school year this summer.
Board also approves offering summer school to students at Tupelo High School.
1:15 p.m.
Board votes to move its July meeting from July 17 to July 31 because of a scheduling conflict.
The budget meeting will also be moved from the 17th to the 31st.
Prather is referring to future agenda items. He is asking about board retreat to state goals. At the May meeting, they will discuss agenda for the retreat.
Retreat will be June 12-13. They are still working on a location. They will discuss superitendent evaluation process and procedures for the school board to monitor itself.
Prather said National School Board Association will host a conference in Mississippi this year. It will be held on the Coast. It comes every seven or eight years, he said.
Rob Hudson said he would like Mr. Turner to think about the best way to provide us feedback from exit interviews. Maybe he can give feedback on his ideas. Maybe what percentage of people fill them out and what that content looks like. It might give us ideas of what we are doing well and what we can address to improve retention. Hudson said it might also show ways they can increase feedback.
Hudson: "Often people say everything is fine, but sometimes they don't. If we are not getting feedback, there might be other districts who are getting better feedback through other methods."
1:23 p.m.
Board adjourns.


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He clearly has LOST the support of this team, and it probably happened earlier in the season, maybe a few games ago, hard to tell, but if it didn't happen then, it surely has happened as of today.
The players will not play for him, will not support him, and he has no idea how to control the players nor get in their face and ridicule them when they need it. He does not get fired up or show emotion. He is not ready to be an NFL coach. He is made to be a co-ordinator.
Bad hire IMO, it won't get any better. At this point Ireland and Philbin have to go if this team is going to be serious about winning.


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Why don't I see any examples or tutorials using a bunch of PNP transistors (differences to MOSFETS?) between the shift register and the LEDs to handle the current?
This will be a single color matrix with no dimming for clarification.
That's 8x20mA sourced on a single pin (the walking bit), and 20mA sinking on each column.
If those were connected straight to the arduino,
No it is the walking bit that needs the help in sourcing or sinking the current. So 20mA sinking is fine but 8X20mA sourcing needs extra help.
Technically, this design should be doing damage to something Im unclear on weather its the LEDs or microcontriller at risk, but I've been running them over a month, without failure, and no appreciable differences in brightness or color, or speed.
20mA on 8 pins is also too much.
Quote20mA on 8 pins is also too much.It isn't too much unless you are building for NASA.In that case, you can add a swich (npn/pnp, depending on your design) on the 595's output.
At 20ma/pin, it will outlast all of us, by a few multiples.
If that's true,
QuoteIf that's true,You can easily try it.
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