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National Recreation Area
The Arbuckle Mountains are a high range of hills located between Davis and Ardmore, Oklahoma. The structure of the Arbuckles consists of three northwest-southeast trending anticlines known as the Hunton arch, and the Tishomingo and Arbuckle anticlines (U.S. Department of Interior, 1982).
Tapp (1997) provides the following geologic and tectonic chronology of events within the Arbuckles. During the Cambrian Period, (570 to 500 MYA), a large-scale faulting event (a triple junction aulacogen) formed a rift valley known as the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen.
During the Ordovician Period, (500 to 430 MYA), the rift ceased spreading and a broad, shallow sea began to encroach over the entire region. For the next 200 million years, marine sediments accumulated on the sea floor. The calcium-rich bodies of dead sea organisms also formed thick limestone layers; in some areas, limestone and shale deposits reach thicknesses of up to two miles.
Another major geologic episode in the region occurred during the Permian Era (280 MYA to 225 MYA). During this episode, the region's crust was forced upward, presumably by the Arbuckle Orogeny (uplift event). The force of this upheaval was so great that many of the sandstone, shale, and limestone layers were broken and folded, creating large anticlines. Along with the folding process, this upward thrust formed the Arbuckle Mountains.
The Arbuckle Mountains have been severely denuded as a result of millions of years of erosion. The mountains now appear as a moderately dissected, low plateau (Harp et al., 1976). Regional geologic studies also show CNRA's geology to be dominated by a syncline having a west-northwest plunging graben (Hanson and Cates, 1992).
In general, the geological complexity of the area is reflected by the high frequency of faults and folds. Some of the fault variations seen in the area include dip-slip, strike-slip, and overthrust faults. There are two main faults within this region: the North Sulphur and the South Sulphur Faults. The dominant fault found near CNRA, the North Sulphur Fault, can be traced from eight miles southeast to one mile east of CNRA (Hanson and Cates, 1994). The South Sulphur Fault can be traced two and a half miles southeast of CNRA to where it parallels to the North Sulphur Fault. Despite the availability of information about them, the extent to which these and other faults influence groundwater flow in CNRA is unknown.
Although the area surrounding CNRA is geologically complex, it is situated in a region that is considered to have low seismic activity and has historically been free of high magnitude earthquakes. A plot of regional earthquake epicenters shows that no historical earthquakes have occurred within a 20-mile radius of CNRA. Earthquakes detected outside this 20-mile radius have had magnitudes less than 4.0 on the Richter scale. However, a level of uncertainty about seismic activity in the area remains, given the fact that CNRA is located only 50 miles to the west of the Nemaha uplift. This ridge is composed of a deeply buried granite traversing north-south from Nebraska to Oklahoma (U.S. Department of Interior, 1982). In this uplift is a zone of deep-seated faults, known as the Humboldt fault zone, which has been determined to be seismically active by the Kansas Geological Survey (U.S. Department of Interior, 1982).
There are three primary rock units in the subsurface of CNRA. The predominant surface rock is the Vanoss Formation, consisting of a limestone conglomerate (Cates, 1989). The Simpson Group, comprised of limestone, sandstone, and shale, lies beneath the Vanoss. The deepest and oldest major unit is the Arbuckle Group, which consists of dolomite, limestone, and sandstone.
CNRA is located in south-central Oklahoma midway between Dallas, Texas and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Occupying approximately 9,888 acres, CNRA is situated at the juncture of the southern Osage Plains and the ancient, worn down remnants of the Arbuckle Mountains (Barker and Jameson, 1975).
At the continental physiographic scale, CNRA is located at the southern terminus of the interior plains, a region that extends from central Canada to the south-central United States, and is bounded on the west by the Rocky Mountain System and the Appalachian Highlands to the east. On a regional scale, CNRA is located in the physiographic province known as the Arbuckle Uplift (see Figure 4). As noted by Tapp (1997), this province contains some of the thickest accumulations of Paleozoic rocks in the central United States with ages ranging from 570 to 245 million years ago (MYA).
Two major geological events influenced the geology of this region. The first major event was large-scale faulting that formed enormous rift valleys much like those in eastern Africa. The rifting arm extended from the Ouachita Mountains on a southeast-northwest line to the western area known as the Anadarko Basin. Following this event, thick accumulations of sediments formed within the shallow rift valley and currently comprise a large part of the stratigraphic column of the Arbuckle Uplift region. Even thicker accumulations of sediments can be found to the northwest in the Anadarko Basin region.
A deformational process was the second major event that transformed this region. This is displayed within the Arbuckle Uplift region and can be seen in deformed rocks, numerous faults, and other tectonic features such as anticlines and synclines (Tapp, 1997). The greatest deformation in the region, however, occurred in the Ouachita Uplift province, which is located east of the Arbuckle Uplift. Rifting and deformational events also affected other areas within the region, including the Arbuckle- Wichita Trend. A more detailed description of the regional geologic history can be found in the geological section of this plan.
Landforms within CNRA vary from steep ridges dominated by weathering resistant outcrops of conglomerate rock, to valley floors that are drained by several streams. Topography generally slopes to the southwest, with the high point located at the Bromide Hill Overlook (Sallee and Schoneweis, 1997). Surface elevations in CNRA vary from almost 1200 feet above mean sea level (msl) southeast of Veterans Lake to 800 feet above msl at the Lake of the Arbuckles. The gentlest slopes within CNRA occur in northern portions of the area along streambeds. One such location is found along Travertine Creek, where the NPS has established numerous recreational sites.
CNRA's topographic variation is influenced by the diversity of rock types and their respective susceptibility to erosion. The high points of CNRA, located around Veterans Lake, are covered with erosion resistant Vanoss Conglomerate while some of the lower lying areas, where creeks cut through, are covered with less resistant carbonate formations. Some formations contain alternating layers of sandstones, shales, and limestones. The erosionresistant sandstone rocks form topographic highs while the less resistant carbonates and clays form topographic lows, giving portions of the area a characteristic hilly topography.
Rock Creek Drainage Basin (see Figure 5) makes up the main drainage area of CNRA. This basin contains several streams including Travertine, Rock, Guy Sandy, and Buckhorn Creeks, all of which feed into Lake of the Arbuckles. Meanwhile, Wilson Creek is the main source of water for Veterans Lake. Stream flow in the area is supplied year-round by the area's numerous natural springs.
Since the Arbuckle Orogeny, which occurred between 225 and 280 MYA, the landscape of CNRA has been constantly changing through gradational processes. Gradational processes mechanically shape or grade the geological structures into the landforms seen today (Ritter, 1978). The overall process of change on the earth's surface is known as geomorphism. There are five principal geomorphic agents used to shape the land: surface water, groundwater, waves and currents, glaciers, and wind (Ritter, 1978). Of these five agents, water plays the most prominent role in shaping the landscape of CNRA (Barker and Jameson, 1975).
Formation of Rock Creek and Bromide Hill Much of CNRA's landscape has evolved over the last few thousand years during the Quaternary geologic period. Rock Creek is perhaps the dominant geomorphic feature within CNRA. This Creek formed in an area that was higher than the surrounding region because of its location near the Arbuckle Uplift. Persistent runoff north and east of CNRA, along with base flow from several springs, led to the formation of Rock Creek, which cuts across the very resistant Vanoss Formation. Rock Creek has carved an extensive v-shaped valley through the resistant conglomerate that extends several miles and reaches depths of over 150 feet (Barker and Jameson, 1975). Lateral differential erosion has widened the valley in a southward direction. This process often happens when two or more materials of differing resistance are eroded by the movement of water. The resistant Vanoss conglomerate, in this case, erodes at a slower rate than the shale and sandstone layers of the underlying Simpson Group.
Bromide Hill, which continues to be shaped by Rock Creek, is the most recognizable topographic feature within CNRA. This undercutting action of the creek weakens rock overhangs which then fall into the creek. Remnants of such rock falls can be found 100 yards east of the Rock Creek campground (Barker and Jameson, 1975). Some parts of Bromide Hill are also affected by mass wasting, which results when small portions of rock and soil roll down the face of the hill into Rock Creek. Although both undercutting and mass wasting occur at a slow rate, the combined effect of these two actions will eventually lead to the leveling of Bromide Hill.
Chemical and physical characteristics are important controls on the type of soil that forms in a given area. The principal controls on soil formation are: (1) parent material; (2) topography on which the soil forms; (3) amount and type of vegetation; (4) climatic conditions; and (5) the length of time over which changes in the soil can take place (Brady, 1990). Physiographic conditions within CNRA have led to the formation of a number of distinct soil types (Table 1), as identified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (1984). Barker and Jameson (1975) have suggested a simple classification that recognizes two basic physiographic environments within CNRA. They have also categorized resident soils into two generalized types, lowland soils and upland soils. In many cases the valley walls serve as a transition zone between the lowland and upland soil areas.
Lowland soils within CNRA are found primarily along watercourses and are principally composed of transported alluvial material (Barker and Jameson, 1975). The parent material for these soils is primarily shale. As a result, these soils are mostly clay loams with small amounts of flood-deposited sand in their upper few inches. The lowland varieties are the deepest (7-10 feet) and darkest (heavy reddishbrown) soils located within CNRA (Barker and Jameson, 1975). The clay and silt alluvium, forming lowland soils are nutrient rich and retain water well, making them very fertile. Lowland regions of CNRA are highly diversified in terms of fauna and micro-flora. The large amounts of decaying vegetation which falls on the forest floor raises soil acidity and gives the soil a chemical makeup that is characteristic of a forest environment.
Upland areas within CNRA are covered by residual soils formed by in situ breakdown of the parent rock material (Barker and Jameson, 1975). The dominant surface formation within CNRA is the Vanoss conglomerate, which forms thin (2-8 inches) soils that are generally graybrown in color. The large amounts of cobble and gravel found within the upland soils places them in the rough-stony category (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1984). The Vanoss conglomerate is very resistant to weathering, and tends to form steep slopes. As a result, soilforming processes are slow relative to erosion and water retention is generally poor. These factors combine to limit soil development and vegetative growth. Soil forming characteristics of the Vanoss conglomerate tend to create base rich or alkali soils. This is consistent with the dominant semi-arid grassland environment found within the area.
Source Water Resources Division https://www.nature.nps.gov/water/completedwrmp.htm
Barker, B.M., and C. Jameson. 1975. Platt National Park : Environment and Ecology. 1 st ed. Norman , Oklahoma . University of Oklahoma Press.
Cates, S.W. 1989. Fault Distribution in the Sulphur , Oklahoma Area Based on Gravity, Magnetic, and Structural Data. Department of Geology MS Thesis. Norman , Oklahoma . University of Oklahoma ,
Decker, C.E., and C.A. Merritt 1931. The Stratigraphy and Physical Characteristics of the Simpson Group; (Includes Geologic Map of the Arbuckle Mountains , Oklahoma by CE. Decker, C.L. Cooper and Rex Mcgehee). Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 55.
Ham, W.E. 1955. Geology of the Arbuckle Mountain Region. Oklahoma Geological Survey Guidebook 3.
Hanson, R.L., and S. W. Cates. 1992. Appraisal of the Hydrology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area. Murray County , Oklahoma . USGS. WaterResources Investigations Report 92.
Hanson, R.L., and S. W. Cates. 1994. Hydrogeology of Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County , Oklahoma . Oklahoma City , Oklahoma . USGS. Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4102.
Harp, J., J. Laguros, S. McClin, and L. West. 1984. A Comprehensive Flood Study of the Travertine and Rock Creek Areas within the Chickasaw National Recreational Area. Sulphur , Oklahoma . Norman , Oklahoma . The Bureau of Water Resources Research, Oklahoma Research Administration and The University of Oklahoma .
Johnson, K. S., M.R. Burchfield, and W.E. Harrison. 1984. Guidebook for Arbuckle Field Trip, Southern Oklahoma . Oklahoma Geological Survey Special Publication 84-1.
Ritter, D.F. 1978. Process Geomorphology. Dubuque , Iowa . Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Sallee, K., and P.J. Schoneweis. 1997. A Cultural Landscape Inventory of the Platt District. Sulphur , Oklahoma . U.S. National Park Service.
Tapp, B. 1997. "Tectonic Provinces of Oklahoma ."
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1984. "Soil Survey of Murray County , Oklahoma ." Washington , DC .
U.S. Department of Interior. 1982. "Seed Report on Veterans Dam." Washington , DC .
Mineral or Fresh, the Attraction Was Always Water
Chickasaw National Recreation Area draws together old and new and honors the Chickasaw Nation's contributions toward preserving startling natural features in this nearly level landscape. The recreation area was established by Congress in 1976 by combining Platt National Park and Arbuckle Recreation Area. Arbuckle was created with construction of the Lake of the Arbuckles in the 1960s.
The attraction was always water, whether mineral or fresh. Many who thronged Sulphur in bygone days sought health or healing from the sulphur and bromide spring waters available here. Medical opinion of that day found mineralized waters curative and restorative. Medical opinion has shifted, but the springs still freely offer their distinctive waters to the curious, both skeptic and believer alike. Rock formations and mineral deposits along the streams add to the interest of the Travertine area.
Early visitors from surrounding prairie areas, like earlier Indians, were attracted by the clear, cool streams and the surrounding shady woods. Early Indians found good hunting here, a result of the unique combination of woodlands, prairies, and year round fresh water. New visitors to Chickasaw continue older traditions of recreation. Walking up from the stream along the trail east of the nature center you pass from an eastern woodland into prairie and back again in just a few steps. Biologists call this the "edge effect", where the life communities meet. The many choices of food and shelter available where woodland meets grassland support an abundance of wildlife. It explains why early Indians found good hunting and today's visitor may have a chance to catch a glimpse of wildlife.
Surprisingly, you can see the Southwest's roadrunner in the same woods as the East's cardinal. Walking from the stream up to the ridgetop you pass through sycamore, pecan, hickory, and eastern red cedar of the eastern woodlands. On the ridge you find grass and prickly pear, representing western prairie. Keep an eye out for the fox squirrel, armadillo, whitetail deer, beaver, gray fox, skunk, bobcat, green snake, birds, and wild turkey. Watch for poison ivy too. If you are not familiar with this irritating plant, ask at the nature center for the description.
Geologically speaking there is more to this ridgetop than may meet the eye. Hills are not uncommon in this immediate region, but this hill is a northeastern foothill of the Arbuckle uplift of mountains. The uplift was dramatic-nearly vertical folds of rock are exposed in the highway cuts of Interstate 35 just south of Davis, Oklahoma. The mountains are so old that they are now worn down to their present levels, literally to their roots. It is believed they were once as massive as today's Rocky Mountains. The uplift trends east and west, too, in contrast to the continent's predominantly north-south mountain trends. Rock in the Arbuckle Mountains may be the oldest you will ever see. The uplift occurred some 300 million years ago.
It is from these foothills that Buffalo and Antelope Springs issue to supply freshwater to Travertine and Rock Creeks. A short, pleasant woodland walk east of the nature center brings you to these springs. There is something exciting about reaching the "headwaters" of a stream, such as Travertine, and following it to its first major con-fluence, at Rock Creek near Black Sulphur Spring, and then maybe swimming or boating in a lake it helps fill, Lake of the Arbuckles, all in one day. This you can do here. Waters from Buffalo and Antelope Springs eventually end up in the Washita River on their way to the oceans.
Bromide Hill is a popular place at Chickasaw. Winding your way along the well-developed foot trail on this northern face you traverse sedimentary rock deposits which are 270 million years old. (Don't worry, the walk takes you only a few minutes.) Some layers look like the usual sandstones and shales. Other layers suggest that a concrete truck dumped its payload there. But looking around at the mass of this concrete-like, naturally cemented gravel, sand, and cobble quickly changes your mind. No truck could do it. This conglomerate, as it is called, caps the whole of Bromide Hill. But the view at the top caps your climb. It's a rare treat in this nearly level region and makes those switchbacks worthwhile. Many an Indian and early settler must have detoured by here for one good look around.
Bicycles are allowed except on trails east of the nature center, but they are not recommended on Bromide Hill trails. Gone are the mules, and the passenger train too, so your best bet is to come here by car. Chickasaw lies near Sulphur, Oklahoma on routes U.S. 177 and State 7, accessible from Oklahoma City and Dallas-Fort Worth via Interstate 35.
Public transportation facilities do not serve the recreation area conveniently. Bus service is available to and from Davis, Oklahoma, 16 kilometers (10 miles) away. Amtrak trains stop at Ardmore and Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, 56 kilometers (35 miles) and 47 kilometers (29 miles) away, respectively. The nearest commercial airline service is to Oklahoma City.
Summers are hot and humid. Temperatures above 37°C (100°F) occur and humidity frequently exceeds 50 percent. Winters are generally mild and rarely subject to prolonged freezing temperatures. Severe thunderstorms are common from May through June.
The General park map handed out at the visitor center is available on the park's map webpage.For information about topographic maps, geologic maps, and geologic data sets, please see the geologic maps page.
A geology photo album has not been prepared for this park.For information on other photo collections featuring National Park geology, please see the Image Sources page.
Currently, we do not have a listing for a park-specific geoscience book. The park's geology may be described in regional or state geology texts.
Please visit the Geology Books and Media webpage for additional sources such as text books, theme books, CD ROMs, and technical reports.
Parks and Plates: The Geology of Our National Parks, Monuments & Seashores.
Lillie, Robert J., 2005.
W.W. Norton and Company.
9" x 10.75", paperback, 550 pages, full color throughout
The spectacular geology in our national parks provides the answers to many questions about the Earth. The answers can be appreciated through plate tectonics, an exciting way to understand the ongoing natural processes that sculpt our landscape. Parks and Plates is a visual and scientific voyage of discovery!
Ordering from your National Park Cooperative Associations' bookstores helps to support programs in the parks. Please visit the bookstore locator for park books and much more.
For information about permits that are required for conducting geologic research activities in National Parks, see the Permits Information page.
The NPS maintains a searchable data base of research needs that have been identified by parks.
A bibliography of geologic references is being prepared for each park through the Geologic Resources Evaluation Program (GRE). Please see the GRE website for more information and contacts.
NPS Geology and Soils PartnersAssociation of American State Geologists
Geological Society of America
Natural Resource Conservation Service - Soils
U.S. Geological Survey
Currently, we do not have a listing for any park-specific geology education programs or activities.For resources and information on teaching geology using National Park examples, see the Students & Teachers pages.


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Desert 3-color Extra
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Desert 3-color


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About This GigapanToggle
- Taken by
- Vicenç Palà
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- May 09, 2011
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- May 09, 2011
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- spain, castilla, roman, aqueduct, segovia, españa
- Description
The Aqueduct of Segovia (or more precisely, the aqueduct bridge) is a Roman aqueduct and one of the most significant and best-preserved ancient monuments left on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the foremost symbol of Segovia, as evidenced by its presence on the city's coat of arms.
The aqueduct transports waters from Fuente Fría river, situated in the nearby mountains, some 17 kilometers (10.6 miles) from the city in a region known as La Acebeda. It runs another 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) before arriving in the city. The water is first gathered in a tank known as El Caserón (or Big House), and is then led through a channel to a second tower known as the Casa de Aguas (or Waterhouse). There it is naturally decanted and sand settles out before the water continues its route. Next the water travels 728 meters (0.45 miles) on a one-percent grade until it is high upon the Postigo, a rocky outcropping on which the old city center, the Segovia Alcázar, was built. Then, at Plaza de Díaz Sanz (Díaz Sanz Square), the structure makes an abrupt turn and heads toward Plaza Azoguejo (Azoguejo Square). It is there the monument begins to display its full splendor. At its tallest, the aqueduct reaches a height of 28.5 meters (93.5 ft), including nearly 6 meters (19.7 ft) of foundation. There are both single and double arches supported by pillars. From the point the aqueduct enters the city until it reaches Plaza de Díaz Sanz, it boasts 75 single arches and 44 double arches (or 88 arches when counted individually), followed by four single arches, totalling 167 arches in all.
The construction of the aqueduct follows the principles laid out by Vitruvius as he describes in his De Architectura published in the mid-first century.


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Lookin good! Are the cogs white or silver? Its often hard to tell on pictures and I've also heard there's a debate as to whether they are supposed to be white or silver.
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Lookin good! Are the cogs white or silver? Its often hard to tell on pictures and I've also heard there's a debate as to whether they are supposed to be white or silver.
Here's CZ3 straight out of the factory. I think thus far I did alright on the paint job. The grey is a little "brush strokey" but seems to look fine. I'm debating about whether to add the dirt and grime since it turned out better than I thought.
Paint on your CZ-3 looks good. I see what you mean about the "brush strokey" stuff, but look at the source material, it's not computer-perfect either. If you don't love it, take it back off, or fill it in, that's the good thing about paint. Keep in mind, you will always see the flaws that you put in because that's how artists' minds work, but don't forget to see the forest for the trees.
I'd go weathered for accuracy, the oddity of the sculpt calls for age, and it's a bit plain as a design in some spots, so something to keep it visually interesting in those areas would be my choice.
Thanks for the compliments guys. I'll keep the grey the way it is since its not going to get any better than that probably. JT, your right about it being rather plain. Basically from the forehead all the way to the back is just white so it probably needs a little "character" in those areas.
I've always thought the cogs were white, but there are some who insist they are silver. If you look at the actual TIE helmets on starwarshelmets.com, they sure seem white to me.
Here's the first part of the weathering. What do you guys think? I thought an orange-ish type of sand weathering would look good along with brown and black smudges here and there. I hope its not too orange as this is the main weathering. The flash really brings out the dirt. Its actually more subtle than this. Honest opinions are recommendations welcome.
I like the weathering! Good job! Maybe you could add another shade of brown there to add even more depth.
Some changes to the Merr Sonn Power 5 blaster - modified wiring, rarer loops:
Attachment 27590
Looks nice. Curious, what was wrong with the old wiring? Was it not quite accurate?
I do plan on adding some more colors to the weathering. I also plan on doing an oil leak coming out the back of the head. The flash photography really makes the weathering look alot more orange than it actually is. I might try taking some pics without the flash.
The wiring loops were too tight together. Just compare it with a previous photo. Now they look perfect :)
BTW someone else made this droid head too: http://www.therpf.com/f9/unusual-pro...6/#post2892985
Yeah, on comparing the 2 blaster photos, it's obvious there was too much wiring packed in too many coils on the first one, the second image is much better.
As for CZ-3 there, it's a good start. The orange isn't quite enough, by itself it reminds me of old bones, especially the back looks a lot like the way skulls look when aged, and it's got some directionality happening which should be minimized in most places that are smooth. My eye says that adding a little yellow might offset it, but I think Serg is right that brown would work better, even charcoal or gray could be better at balancing it out, especially around the flange where it's got that heavier build-up. The build-up is my favorite area, but it is too red and monotone. Check out a photo I took at the beach last month, the railing is white concrete but the sand and brush have worn it towards the middle very orange AND degrees of gray to black: http://www.jtreviews.com/photos/mb-5...-1958.jpg.html
So you're definitely on a good track, it's an authentic color for sand and desert-style brush, but it's not the only color.
How did you end up applying it? I'm guessing a combination of sponge dabbing and smearing, with possibly additional smearing via light brush.
If the flash is too bright to give an accurate idea, try backing the camera away from the subject and then zooming in so the flash is further away, I don't remember what kind of camera you have but I find that helps the most with point-n-shoot cameras and even DSLR in-body flashes. If you do no-flash, I'd recommend set the camera on a solid surface, setting it to a timer shot, and setting the exposure for half a second or more (the timer allows for any movement from you pressing the shutter to subside before firing; while the long exposure allows for richer and more accurate light, although it may be blown out if it goes too long, so you'd want to toy with the time).


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Jennifer Lopez who has been married and divorced 3 times is now seeing a younger man named Casper Smart which is for her " loving,sweet and happy to be around" The couple has been spotted everywhere together and cant seem to keep their hands off each other. Jen also says that she has no problem when it comes to dating a younger man because she dont feel and look older.
Related articles
- Jennifer Lopez Keeps Defending Casper Smart Relationship Amid Criticism (celebs.gather.com)
- Jennifer Lopez Dating Her 24 Year Old Back Up Dancer (since1910.com)
- Jennifer Lopez Dishes on Dating Casper Smart (celebs.gather.com)
- Jennifer Lopez Defends Casper Smart as a "Good Egg" (thehollywoodgossip.com)
- Jennifer Lopez and Casper Smart Share Steamy Nighttime PDA on the Set (popsugar.com)
- Jennifer Lopez's Divorce Is Heartbreaking and Shocking (celebs.gather.com)


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Joel C. Rosenberg
Joel C. Rosenberg is a New York Times best-selling author of novels and non-fiction books about the Middle East with more than 2.5 million copies in print. He is also the co-founder (with his wife) of The Joshua Fund, a nonprofit charitable and educational organization that provides humanitarian relief for the poor and needy and for victims of war and terrorism in Israel and the Muslim world.
As a communications strategist, Joel has worked with some of the world's most influential leaders in business, politics and media, including former Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Natan Sharansky, and then-former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. As an author, he has been interviewed on more than 300 radio and TV programs, including ABC's Nightline, CNN Headline News, Fox News Channel, the History Channel, and MSNBC. He has been profiled by The New York Times, The Washington Times, and The Jerusalem Post, and he was the subject of two cover stories in World magazine. He has addressed audiences all over the world, including Russia, Israel, Jordan, Egypt, Turkey, Iraq, Germany and the Philippines. He has spoken at the White House, the Pentagon, the U.S. Capitol and the European Union Parliament.
Born to a Jewish father and a Gentile mother, Joel is an evangelical Christian. His grandparents escaped Russian persecution of the Jews in the early part of the twentieth century. Joel graduated from Syracuse University in 1989 and studied at Tel Aviv University. He received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity from Davis College in 2012. He is married, has four sons, and lives near Washington, D.C.


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ghrrrrrrr.Apple pisses me off.
Why? Well, in anticipation of some substantial cash surge (knock on wood), I decided to check in the local (hell yeah, in Odense there's one) Apple store, to take a look at 12″ iBooks, because that's exactly what I'd like to get — it's damn small, has very long battery life, and is sexy (I'm not the only one to share this view, I think, because people with 12″ iBooks are common sight at the Uni). So, I went in, there was one on the display, small as expected, checked the price, OK, within acceptable range, seems they all ship with Tiger these days, which is also good. So the last question was, can I have SuperDrive with this one?
No. That's only with 14″ ones.
Fuck. Of course, you can have 12″ PowerBook with SuperDrive, so it's not a technical limitation, it's just that Apple wants to suck every bit of cash out of you, because prices for PowerBooks are really crazy. It's 13.500kr vs 8.200kr. And there's no way I can afford that. But OTOH, I don't want to get stuck without DVD burner either.
So, does anyone know a good, linux-compatible, 12″ notebook with DVD burner and long-lasting battery, x86 or whatever? And yes, the 12″ bit here really does matter, when you commute to school every day by bike at least.


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Web Stories
'Art of the Times' panel discussion to feature op-ed artists
Thursday, May 1, 2008, 4:30 p.m. · 16 Robertson Hall
Posted April 25, 2008; 05:11 p.m.
"Art of the Times (Times Four)" will be the topic of a panel discussion at 4:30 p.m. Thursday, May 1, in 16 Robertson Hall.
The event will feature op-ed artists Douglas Florian, Brad Holland, Frances Jetter and Mark Podwal. Their work has appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The New Yorker, Time, Vanity Fair, Playboy, The Progressive, The Village Voice and The Nation. The moderator will be Stanley Katz, faculty chair of the undergraduate program and director of the Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
This discussion is being held in conjunction with an exhibition in the Bernstein Gallery on the lower level of Robertson Hall. It is being sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson School. A reception in the gallery will follow the panel.


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SIT Study Abroad offers semester and summer programs for undergraduate students in Asia and the Pacific, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East, as well as comparative programs in multiple locations. Students step beyond the boundaries of a traditional classroom to analyze the critical issues shaping local communities around the globe.
SIT Graduate Institute offers internationally focused master's degrees, certificates, and professional development programs in the fields of peacebuilding and conflict transformation, international education, sustainable development, and TESOL. Founded 50 years ago as a training center for early Peace Corps volunteers, SIT Graduate Institute's flexible full-time and low-residency programs are based on an experiential learning model and a commitment to social justice and intercultural communication.
SIT prepares students to be interculturally effective leaders, professionals, and citizens. In so doing, SIT fosters a worldwide network of individuals and organizations committed to responsible global citizenship. SIT fulfills this mission with field-based academic study abroad programs for undergraduates and accredited master's degrees and certificate programs for graduates and professionals.
SIT is a nonprofit educational institution and was founded in 1964 as the School for International Training. SIT is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Inc. (NEASC) through its Commission on Institutions of Higher Education.
School for International Training is a member of The Six College Collaborative, a consortium of six higher education institutions with a presence in Windham County, Vermont. In addition to SIT, the cooperative includes Marlboro College, Landmark College, Vermont Technical College, Union Institute, and the Community College of Vermont. Learn more.


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NMSEA is a dynamic and growing organization! With political support, fluctuating fuel prices and global climate issues, we have lots of opportunity to spread the word about energy conservation, efficiency and renewable energy. Here are many of NMSEA's projects and outreach. Join enthusiastic, fun, dedicated, like-minded folk in our in-house and outreach projects. Make an impact on energy use in New Mexico!
Click any link below to get a description of the tasks involved. Some are not yet documented and some are self-explanatory.
Check this page regularly for changes, additions, etc. For more information or to volunteer, please contact our office. Starred items (*) are of special need. Let us know of your interest by filling out and faxing or mailing the Volunteer Registration Form.


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The sparkly pink dress Selena wore to perform in at the 2011 Concert for Hope was so excited to be onstage that it couldn't contain itself. Or Selena's Spanx, apparently.
When Khloe appeared on "Fox and Friends" earlier in June to promote the new season of Keeping Up with the Kardashians, she managed to go the entire segment without realizing that her sheer black top had shifted juuuuust enough to give viewers a real show. At least she had a sense of humor about it, though; she later tweeted, "I had a nip slip and I loved it!" along with "Thank God! I fucking love nipples."
In 2009, the Olympic swimmer had some issues with her swimwear: The £318 suit split right up the backside. Oops.
The nip slip heard 'round the world. Who could forget the 2004 Superbowl incident?
Ginger Spice wore a multi-tiered dress in 2008 to the British Children's Awards Show. Unfortunately, not all those tiers wanted to stay in place.
The sparkly pink dress Selena wore to perform in at the 2011 Concert for Hope was so excited to be onstage that it couldn't contain itself. Or Selena's Spanx, apparently.
Alas, it appears Anne didn't realize quite how see-through this thing was before putting it on.
Jason Segel gamely tried to help his costar out when she lost her skirt during the filming of the new Muppets movie.
At least the Glee star made an effort to keep everything where it was supposed to be at this year's SAG Awards.
Heigl had some issues at the 2010 ShoWest Convention in Las Vegas. Well, I suppose if your wardrobe is going to malfunction, Vegas is probably the place to do it.
Sometimes, you just can't win: Last Saturday, when Lopez was in Mallorca to be interviewed for the German variety show Wetten Das?, a gust of wind blew up her skirt. When she attempted to hold it down, however, the top of her dress fell open. Maybe it's time to reconsider that wardrobe choice.
Josh Duhamel helps Fergie sort her dress out. Chivalry is not dead!
Um, Brad? I know you're super busy, what with promoting Benjamin Button and all, but you MAY want to check out what's going on down south. Just sayin'.
Fun times for Megan Fox at the 2009 Teen Choice awards!
Things not to wear during violent storms include light-colored wrap dresses. Especially when you're at the premiere of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
Maybe Janelle and Flavia Zoccari should start a club for people with split pants.


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Title: 18th Street
Description: View looking west on 18th Street from Olive.
Date: October 27, 1948
Item Type: Photograph, b/w, 8'' x 10''
Collection: Miscellaneous Landmarks Commission Photographs (P34-4)
See finding aid: http://localhistory.kclibrary.org/u?/Local,36865
Location: P34-4, Box 1, Folder 30, #2B
Subject: Automobiles;
Local Subject: 18th Street; Olive Street; Streets;
Digital Format: JPEG
Barcode: 10018577
Repository: Missouri Valley Special Collections, Kansas City Public Library, Kansas City, Missouri
Rights: Reproduction (printing, downloading, or copying) of images from Kansas City Public Library requires permission and payment for the following uses, whether digital or print: publication; reproduction of multiple copies; personal, non-educational purposes; and advertising or commercial purposes. Please order prints or digital files and pay use fees through this website. All images must be properly credited to: "Missouri Valley Special Collections, Kansas City Public Library, Kansas City, Missouri." Images and texts may be reproduced without prior permission only for purposes of temporary, private study, scholarship, or research. Those using these images and texts assume all responsibility for questions of copyright and privacy that may arise.


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Family, Topics for
Programs in this category
- A Family's Loss (Novel Title)
Speaker: Tim Barretto
- Adolescent siblings' daily discussions: Links with well being
Speaker: Corinna Jenkins-Tucker
- Assisted Suicide and the Right to Die/Ethics at the End of Life
Speaker: Marc D. Hiller
- Basic Aquatic Safety
Speaker: Linda Hayden
- Beating The Devil Out Of Them: Corporal Punishment In American Families and its Effects On Children (Book Title)
Speaker: Murray Straus
- Been There Done That! Domestic Violence
Speaker: Elizabeth P. Boulton
- Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family (Book Title)
Speaker: Murray Straus
- Body Image in the Media
Speaker: Maria Caplan
- Childhood Nutrition
Speaker: Colette Janson-Sand
- Crafting a Purposeful and Satisfying Rretirement
Speaker: Michele Dillon
- Differential treatment of adolescent siblings
Speaker: Corinna Jenkins-Tucker
- Divorce and Separation Recovery
Speaker: Dwight Webb Ph.D.
- Family Care Givers of Older Adults
Speaker: Raelene Shippee-Rice
- Family Communication
Speaker: Barbara Jago
- Family Politics
Speaker: Marla Brettschneider
- Food War and Peace: Strategies for Enhancing Positive Mealtime Experiences
Speaker: Joanne Burke
- Infant Development
Speaker: Carolyn Mebert
- Is It Whole Grain?
Speaker: Cooperative Extension
- Lean In or Leave Before You Leave?: False Dichotomies of Choice and Blame in Public Debates about Working Motherhood
Speaker: Jennifer Borda
- Managing Money in Tough Times
Speaker: Cooperative Extension
- Orphanages, Adoption, and the Law in Russia
Speaker: Aleksandra Fleszar
- Owning Your Own Home: Reality or Myth
Speaker: Robert M. Henry
- Parent - Infant Relationships
Speaker: Carolyn Mebert
- Portion Distortion
Speaker: Joanne Burke
- Rethinking 'Trash': Composting, Recycling, and Sustainable Resource Use
Speaker: John Halstead
- Searching for Joy (Novel Title)
Speaker: Tim Barretto
- Senior Living Options
Speaker: Raymond Goodman
- SKAT - Smart Kids Against Tobacco
Speaker: William Scott
- Spanking By Parents: What the Research Shows about its Effectiveness and Side Effects
Speaker: Murray Straus
- Spanking of Children by Parents and its Relation to Sexual Behavior Problems in High School and College
Speaker: Murray Straus
- Sports and Recreation for ALL
Speaker: Thomas Carr
- Sustainability Strategies: From eating local to meal planning, strategies to make your meals more environmentally friendly
Speaker: Joanne Burke
- The Family Flamboyant: Race Politics, Queer Families, Jewish Lives (Book Title)
Speaker: Marla Brettschneider
- The Hopes and Symbols of Renaissance Medicine and Alchemy (OR Understanding, for Parents, of Harry Potter's Allusions to the Philosopher's Stone)
Speaker: Arthur Greenberg
- Transition From High School to College - What Are the Issues?
Speaker: Robert M. Henry
- Transition to Parenthood
Speaker: Carolyn Mebert
- Understanding and Supporting Older LGBT Adults
Speaker: Matty Leighton


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Universal Fit
Skull Candy Smokin' Buds Earphones Black Rubberized
"These are definitely great sounding and well priced ear buds. I've never really had a pair that sounded this nice before and I only paid $40 for them. If you're into Dubstep, Trap, Hip-Hop, Rap, or other music like this, then you will definitely enjoy these buds. They have very nice low end performance that actually makes your ears vibrate a little and also have clear and pristene highs. For..." --backspace119
I-MEGO In-Ear Monitor Earphones, ZTONE, Gunmetal
"The ZTONE from I-Mego is an interesting headphone that attempts to combine the style of custom in-ears with the fit of pre-made silicone. It was an incredibly valiant effort, but it just doesn't seem to work well. Build/Design - Well, probably the best part of the ZTONE is its build. It's got an excellent braided silver-plated copper cable that I've not seen on anything..." --pro1137
Skull Candy Smokin' Buds Headphones in Purple / Purple- Ships in ''24'' Hours!
Skull Candy Smokin' Buds Headphones in Purple / Purple


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HRCH Trinity's God of Thunder SH CGC (1 MH pass) is a gorgeous fox red male weighing about 75 pounds. He is very easy to train and a wonderful marker as well as blind runner.
Thor's parents are FC AFC Fordland's Bored out Ford x HRCH UH Trinity's Gremlin Reaper MH CGC (Qualified for 2011 Master Nationals.)
OFA Excellent Hips LR-192805E29M-VPI
Elbows LR-EL50955M29-VPI
Patella LR-PA458/29M/P-VPI
Thyroid LR-TH519/29M-VPI
Cardiac LR-CA5092/29M/P-VPI
CNM Clear By Parentage
CERF Normal
Stud Fee is $500 or the price of the most expensive puppy
Thor can be viewed at http://trinitylabs.net under the 'Meet the Boys' page.
For more information you can reach Tierra Robinson at 740-577-7303


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PN editorial misses mark on frackingComments Email Print
The Viewpoint "Shale gas reshapes plastics landscape" (June 11, Page 6) bolsters my point that the plastics industry is insular and has its head in the tar sands.
How can you say "No one wants to put a harness on the goose that's laying the golden eggs" with a straight face?
The Sierra Club and others are effective and they play for keeps. They have a powerful surrogate called the Environmental Protection Agency on their side as well as a president of the United States who has fracking on his kill list.
We ignore the first rule of games — never underestimate your enemy — at our own peril.
I stand corrected. I'll take your advice and ignore the greens; maybe they will just go away.
Joel Longstreth
Brentwood Plastics Inc.
St. Louis


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Executive director since 2007, Rick Walls leads the preeminent Hall of Fame in MLB, which under his tenure has experienced growth in revenue, attendance, membership, and boasts an extensive event schedule that includes biennial Induction festivities and the much anticipated Induction Gala. Previously, he held positions with The National Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame, Inc. (NFF) including executive director of the College Football Hall of Fame in South Bend, Ind. (2005-07) and director of operations, director of public relations, special projects/East region coordinator from 1997-2005 at its headquarters in Morristown, NJ. There he oversaw national membership, chapters, awards programs, tabulation of the Bowl Championship Series Standings, and produced its annual Awards Dinner at the Waldorf Astoria in NY City. After an internship at WLWT Channel 5 in Cincinnati in 1990, he served as the collections manager and special projects coordinator for the College Football Hall of Fame until 1995. A native of Athens, Ohio and graduate of Ohio University, Rick resides in Milford, OH with his wife Julie, daughter Hailey, and son Tyler.
Born and raised on Cincinnati's West Side, Chris Eckes has been a Reds fan since he attended his first Reds game in 1978 at the age of six. Chris graduated summa cum laude with a degree in history from the College of Mount St. Joseph in 2000. He interned at the Andrew Jergens Company for a year assisting in the establishment of the company's corporate archive. Concurrent to attending school, Chris worked as a manager in the Visitor Services department at the Cincinnati Museum Center where he was employed from 1996-2004. He was hired one month before the opening of the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum in August of 2004. Over the years his responsibilities have expanded to include daily management of all museum operations, oversight and care of the museum's artifact collection and the design of museum exhibits including "Edd Roush and the 1919 World Series" and "PETE: The Exhibit", which explored the playing career of baseball's all-time hit leader, Pete Rose.
A native of Beavercreek, Ohio, Mark Harlow earned his bachelor's degree in economics from Earlham College, where he also was a member of the varsity football and rugby teams. He then earned a master's degree in sport management from the United States Sports Academy. Prior to joining the Reds, Mark has enjoyed a unique 20+ year career in athletics/business management, all in the Cincinnati area. This includes stints as an athletic director, sports travel manager, and manufacturing sales management positions. Additional athletic pursuits have included over 17 years as a player and administrator for the Queen City Rugby Club of Cincinnati, and as an assistant coach with the Cincinnati Marshals Indoor Football Club in 2006.
Ken Freeman grew up in Okeana, Ohio, and earned zoology degrees from The Ohio State University and Miami University. Before joining the Reds, Ken worked as a program coordinator in the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden's Education Department, taught biology at the University of Cincinnati, and conducted aquatic research at Lake Erie. Some of his earliest childhood memories come from Riverfront Stadium, beginning with George Foster tipping his cap to him from left field. He was in attendance for hit No. 4192, saw Eric Davis hit for the cycle, and screamed with 55,000-plus fans as Billy Bates scored the winning run in Game 2 of the 1990 World Series.
A native of Cincinnati and a lifelong Reds fan, Erin Chamberlain graduated from Ohio University with a bachelor's degree in Public Relations and a specialization in History. Before joining the Reds Hall of Fame, Erin coordinated trade shows and media relations for Wine Cellar Innovations, developed circulation campaigns for The Enquirer, and most recently oversaw strategic marketing partnerships and sponsorships for Enquirer Media. As Special Projects Coordinator for the Reds Hall of Fame, Erin will work primarily on player appearances and special events and projects, including the Hall's Induction Gala. A standout moment in her time with the Reds so far was seeing one of her favorite Reds, Dave Parker, inducted to the Reds Hall of Fame in 2014.
Sherry Rowland inherited a love of sports from her father. Even though she grew up in Akron (with 3 brothers), she found a love for Cincinnati baseball and The Big Red Machine. Sherry earned a Bachelor of Arts in Theatre Arts from The University of Akron and did post-graduate work at Miami and Xavier Universities. After an early career in theatre, she joined Jacor/Clear Channel Entertainment which included 700WLW radio as Promotion Director and voiceover talent. Sherry has enjoyed working with Cincinnati broadcasting legends over the years such as Bob Braun, Nick Clooney, Gary Burbank, Bill "Seg' Dennison, Bill Cunningham and of course Hall of Famer, Marty Brennaman. Because of her dedication to charity work, Sherry was inducted into the Matthew 25: Ministries: Humanitarian Hall of Fame. When not sharing her enthusiasm for baseball history and the Reds Hall of Fame, Sherry enjoys visiting with friends at a good restaurant, a night at the theatre, or taking in a Cincinnati Reds game.
A native of Richmond, Ind., Greg Rhodes is a lifelong Reds fan who grew up rooting for the Reds of the 1950s and 1960s, listening to the play-by-play and stories of former Reds announcer Waite Hoyt. Rhodes was named the executive director of the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum when it opened in 2004 and served in that capacity until retiring from the position in July 2007. Rhodes has continued to serve as team historian and remains active in speaking engagements regarding the history of Reds baseball. He is the host of the Reds Hall of Fame highlight moments heard prior to each Reds game on the Reds Radio Network pregame show. He has co-authored six books on the Cincinnati Reds, including Redleg Journal and Reds in Black and White, both winners of the The Sporting News-SABR Baseball Research Award. A former social studies teacher, Rhodes worked for the Cincinnati Historical Society from 1987-'92, helped plan the creation of the new history museum at the Museum Center, served as a former president of the board of Historic Southwest Ohio, been the chairman of the local chapter of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) and is past-president of the Cincinnati Red Stockings vintage baseball team.
Purchase your tickets ahead of your visit to the Reds Hall of Fame and Musuem.
Wherever you're coming from, we're easy to find with many parking options.
Go behind-the-scenes at Great American Ball Park on a 90-minute guided tour.


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One of the best scuba diving operations in the Galapagos Islands. A PADI 5* Instructor Development Centre,Technical diving and Rebreather training center.
Luxury adventures aboard our 16 passenger catamaran M/C Anahi, she has 6 twin cabins & 2 suites (all staterooms have private bathrooms with hot water, A/C) social areas include Jacuzzi, bar, observation & sun decks, living room, library, dining room
Galapagos visitors guide to accommodations, adventure travel, unique tours and rentals. Check out top Galapagos getaways & destinations. Galapagos vacations, packages & travel spots. Visit Galapagos !.


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Whether it's business or pleasure, our rooms are specially designed to meet your needs. Come see what Americas Best Value Inn of Mayflower, Wisconsin has to offer. Our friendly staff and management team will do its best to make your stay pleasant.
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Family resort. 1-6 bedroom units with fireplace, central heat & A/C. American Plan and housekeeping. Serving 3 meals daily May - October. Breakfast on weekends year round. Fishing, fall colors, hunting, snowmobiling, ice fishing.
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Furnished LOG CABINS .Wooded and peaceful. Great for a get away, extended vacation, family reunion, or wedding.
Hotel with pre-teen Water Park with slides, Activity Pool & dump buckets. 66 guest rooms & Suites. Hot Breakfast buffet, and water park passes included in rate. All rooms contain refrigerators, microwaves, & coffee makers. Birthday parties avail
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The comfortable Holiday Inn Hotel in Fond du Lac is located close to the shores of Lake Winnebago which provides a beautiful setting for visitors to the city and a place to stay when visiting Fond du Lac. Enter the hotel's country inn style lobby and
Find great deals on quality Northeast, Wisconsin hotels & resorts, or indulge at one of our luxury resorts. Take advantage of the many amenities that can be included with your stay such as in-room internet access, wifi, room service, fitness center, pool, hot tub, steam room, and shuttle services to and from the airport. Browse our Northeast, Wisconsin hotels and resorts and plan your Northeast, Wisconsin vacation today!


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Results 1 to 10 of 12
Thread: Coralife 39w T5HO too yellow
06-25-2013, 01:11 AM #1Junior Member Guppy
- Join Date
- Jun 2013
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Coralife 39w T5HO too yellow
I have a 4 year old 65 gallon freshwater tank, plastic plants and 6 mature angels (yes I know they should not be getting along but they were raised together and they do so please no lectures on that). I have lots of driftwood. Run 2 large Eheim ecco's and no water problems unless I am lazy about water changes....
I have a light fixture with 2 Coralife 39w T5 HO's and tank looks yellow. What bulbs would be whiter or bluer? Do the fish have light requirements? I have light on about 9 hours (room is dark so no natural light.
The fish would be perfectly fine with no tank lights on, so no worries there.
The yellower (or warmer) color tones will give you the least potential problems with algae. The bluer color tones will help to promote algae in fresh water set-ups. Perhaps look for a bulb that is between 5000 and 6000K color temp. That would most likely be a good middle ground
Could you drift wood be leaching out tannins that might yellowing the water ?
I would suggest to keep a close eye on those angels, in case things change so you can be ready to react.If you take your time to do the research FIRST, you can successfully set-up and keep ANY type of aquarium with ease.
"Not using a quarantine tank is like playing Russian roulette. Nobody wins the game, some people just get to play longer than others." - Anthony Calfo
Fishless Cycle Cycling with Fish Marine Aquarium Info [URL="http://saltwater.aquaticcommunity.com/"]
I als0 have a c0ralife dual t5H0, 39w each my bulbs are 6700k. )n my 150 the water was yell0w l00king, even in a white bucket- s0 it turned 0ut t0 be my driftw00d tea staining my water. I n0w have the light 0n my 55gal and it is white as can, be by c0mparis0n. What temp are y0ur bulbs?When in d0ubt read it until it makes sense, then read it again!
+1 to the above posts wrt tannins as this is totally a possibility [It can take months and months for that to clear if you have a lot of DW].
Are your bulbs 10000K By any chance? To some eyes [Mine included] they can make a tank appear to have a noticeably yellow tint.
As Cliff mentioned, 6500K or so would be an improvement if you do have 10k bulbs.
Last edited by Goes to 11!; 06-25-2013 at 12:56 PM.Gas mileage isn't everything OIIIIIIIO
Lack of planning on your part does not constitute an emergency on my part.
Why pretend there are no stupid questions? Actually, There are many stupid questions: "Should I drink this bleach?" Is just one example.
Having said that, Just because it's a stupid question doesn't mean that it shouldn't be asked. It's better to know.
A warm beer is better than a cold beer. Because nothing is better than a cold beer, and a warm beer is better than nothing.
06-25-2013, 03:44 PM #5Junior Member Guppy
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It sounds like I have two issues. My bulbs are 10,000k so there is yellow to begin with (oddly, the 10k should be the bluest according to the charts) and I have three large pieces of driftwood. The driftwood looks kind of scummy so maybe I should take it out and clean it. Any advice on that would be appreciated. I do not have any bottom /algae feeders in the tank. I am not set up for a quarantine tank so can't quite bring myself to put any new fish in the tank.
Off topic but now it looks like my fish have ick. Just a few small white spots on their fins... Wonder how ick could get in a yank that was set up 2009 and has never had a fish added to it since then? I am going to try raising the temp and salt since the fish are all very energetic and look strong. My PH got up to 7.6, all other readings are perfect so I am trying to lower it now. All my fault since I was not doing best maintenance. Just did a 50% water change and completely cleaned and reset one of my Eheims thinking the other one would would keep the biological filtering ok which it appears to be doing... tank has slight white haze but that is normal after a big cleaning. Tank has never been perfectly clear.
All this is a little rambling but it appears my tank maintenance was rambling also. This photo is from 2009 but the tank setup is the same today (with 6 angels)
Ich can be caused by stress, one of those things that the fish kinda always have, but only hurts them when it is noticeable
I think the driftwood is fine, how long have you had it in there? If its new it could be releasing tannins which would turn your water yellow
What are your water params? Not sure why your couldn't have clear water
The 10,000K bulbs could be causing your algae too, not positive as Kelvin readings aren't something I am certain about
06-25-2013, 04:32 PM #7Junior Member Guppy
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ph 7.4, ammonia 0, Nitrates 0, nitrites 5. The driftwood has been in tank since 2009. It has like a coating on it... when it was new it went through the white fungus stuff phase. Is there any down side to taking the driftwood out and cleaning it? Also have a temperature issue... tank is at 75 so heater is not keeping up with circulation of 2 Eheim ecco's. Am getting a new heater and thermometer today.
Water isn't bad just not that crystal clear I see on a lot of tanks.
Probably should wait until I have the ick think under control before I do a bunch of other changes?
WRT the DW algae issue I would consider lowering your photoperiod a bit [or breaking it up with an hour of lights off] to see if that helps. 9 hours seems a bit much to me, More of an issue than the 10K spectrum although the combo may be contributing.
Gas mileage isn't everything OIIIIIIIO
Lack of planning on your part does not constitute an emergency on my part.
Why pretend there are no stupid questions? Actually, There are many stupid questions: "Should I drink this bleach?" Is just one example.
Having said that, Just because it's a stupid question doesn't mean that it shouldn't be asked. It's better to know.
A warm beer is better than a cold beer. Because nothing is better than a cold beer, and a warm beer is better than nothing.
06-25-2013, 07:58 PM #9Junior Member Guppy
- Join Date
- Jun 2013
- Posts
- 4
You are right Nitrites are 0 and Nitrates are 5. what does wrt and dw mean... new to this... The tank is in the middle of the room so does not get any serious natural light. I had it that high for the fish so shortening it is no problem. What does breaking up accomplish?
lol, Goes to 11! needs a translator sometimes. ;P
WRT the DW algae issue = "With regards to the driftwood algae issue..."
As an aside... 10,000k light looks a lot more "white" to me, than a 6500k bulb. The 6500k bulbs have a more "yellowish" tint to them. Color me crazy.Adventures in Aquaria - The KevinVA Story
When in doubt, ask yourself... W.W.L.S (What would Lee Say)?
Have a fish problem? Fill out and post this completed questionnaire in the General Aquarium Forum, when you start a new thread.


text:
Maintain Today, Save Tomorrow
by Erin Huffstetler
Related Articles
Maintain Your Appliances and Save
Home Maintenance Schedules
Preventative Home Maintenance
Like it or not, unexpected repairs are just a part of home ownership. Roofs will leak, appliances will break and accidents will happen. While you can't avoid unexpected repairs entirely, there is a lot that you can do to ensure that your home remains in working order.
Think you are staying on top of your home's scheduled maintenance? Perhaps you are, but even the most maintenance-savvy homeowners tend to overlook a few areas. Read on to learn about four critical maintenance items that you may be overlooking.
Hot Water Heater - Sediment deposits inside the tank can mean big problems for your hot water heater, leading to rust and premature deterioration of the unit. To combat this problem, simply use the spigot on the side of the unit to drain a bucket of water from the bottom of the tank. Doing so will remove a lot of the sediment, and slow down the rusting process. Repeat the process every six months for best results.
Refrigerator - Dirty refrigerator coils cause the unit's air compressor to work harder, thus using more energy and significantly reducing the life of the appliance. To keep your refrigerator working efficiently, take the time to clean the coils every few months. Just pull the refrigerator away from the wall, and use a vacuum cleaner to remove all of the dust and build-up on the coils. If you have animals in the home, you may find that you need to vacuum the coils more frequently, as animal fur will tend to accumulate on the coils.
Smoke Detectors - Dust in and around a smoke detector can inhibit the device's ability to function properly in the event of a fire. To ensure your detectors are in working order, clean each unit at least a few times a year. To do so, vacuum the outside of the cover, and then remove the cover and finish by vacuuming out the inside. While you are cleaning, it is also a good idea to make sure each smoke detector has fresh batteries, and responds properly when tested.
HVAC System - Dirt and debris pose the biggest threat to the life of a heating and cooling system. While changing the air filter on a monthly basis is a great way to maintain the cleanliness of the furnace coils, it is not the only part of the system that requires routine maintenance. To optimize your system, you should also check your outdoor condenser unit on a monthly basis to be sure that there aren't any leaves or other foreign objects hindering the airflow. If upon inspecting the unit, you determine it needs to be cleaned, simply turn the unit off, unscrew the top cover, and remove the debris. Then screw the cover back on, and restore power to the unit.
Make maintenance a part of today's routine and you will save a lot of time and money tomorrow!
Erin Huffstetler is a freelance writer and mother of two who resides in East Tennessee. She is the Guide of the Frugal Living section at About.com and the owner of the site My Frugal Home.
Share your thoughts about this article with the editor.
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- How much can additional payments save me on my mortgage?


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Your Jeep - July 2014Posted in How To: Tech Qa on June 12, 2014 Comment (0)
Verne Wants Your Jeep
I really enjoyed your article entitled "Driveway Differentials." I have a '50 CJV-35U (Editor: that's a military version of the CJ-3A to you and me). I doubt I will ever completely restore it to the original military specifications, but I do wheel it. I installed a Lock-Right in the rear Dana 44 and installed a Dana 30 with a Detroit Truetrac in the front. I also added power steering, and Willwood helped me with the disc brakes in the front. Also, I have an overdrive for the Spicer 18 to help with the 5.38 gears. The old girl is powered by the original L-head 134ci flathead four-cylinder. Someday I would like to install an old V-6. This brings me to my question: would your axle conversion make sense for my Willys? I would also like to add a full-floating axle conversion, as I tow this Willys a lot.
Ernest Duskey
Via email
Ooh, the CJV-35U is one of my favorite Jeeps of all time. I want one. I've got my eye on one that's gonna need some serious work. Actually, your axles sound pretty awesome, and it sounds like you have the differentials pretty well covered. If the Dana 30 you swapped in the front of the ex-military flatty has drum brakes, you could follow the advice I gave Nicholas in the June 2014 issue of Jp and swap over to discs. You could also upgrade to chromoly axleshafts in the Dana 30 if you ever plan on running 33-inch tires or larger and a V-6. As far as the rear axle, the only weak link in an early Dana 44 like yours is the two-piece axleshafts. The nut at the end of the axle can get loose and cause a failure when the Woodruff key hogs out its slot. The good news is that if you plan on adding a full-float axle conversion like the one available from ATV Manufacturing (hermtheoverdriveguy.com), you will eliminate this weak link. And as you mentioned, this conversion will allow the use of selectable locking hubs on all four wheels. That's great for flat towing your Jeep. Just be sure to carry a spare locking hub or two on the trail, as that will probably become the next weak link in the rear axle.
Best Jeep Cherokee Suspension
Hi guys, I love the magazine. I read it cover to cover every month, so keep up the great work! I am building an '00 Jeep XJ for my wife and kids to ride in. It is going to have a high-pinion Dana 44 front soon and is already running a Chrysler 8.25 in the rear. It is not going to be a hard-core wheeler -- just something capable-ish, safe, and reliable for the family. I also am a member of the Oregon division of Wheeling With Warriors and often have disabled veterans and their families ride with us. So minimal trail issues would be nice, as these events can be 70 or more vehicles in length and I would prefer not to be "that guy" who breaks down and holds everyone up. It will see a fair amount of expeditionary use because we go on week-long ghost town runs sometimes where the "roads/trails" can be less than predictable -- or sometimes non-existent.
It also has to have decent road manners, as it will see a fair amount of pavement going to and from these adventures. I plan on running an aggressive 35-inch all-terrain and trimming the finders to accommodate the larger tires. Here is my question -- I am torn between various 4- to 6 1⁄2-inch long arm verses a Y-link, three-link, or radius-arm setup. I would prefer to have as low a center of gravity as is within reason and some belly armor as well for peace of mind. So, the suspension will need to accommodate sub-frame connectors and skids. I could fabricate these things, but that would not be my first choice, as this rig will need to be safe at speed for everyone, whether in our rig or not. Brand names aside (or not, if one stands tall amongst the others), what setup would you suggest for the intended uses of this vehicle?
Jakob Belles
Via email
Generally speaking, when it comes to a suspension lift, you get what you pay for. We've had pretty good luck with Jeep XJ suspensions from Rubicon Express, BDS, Clayton Offroad, and TnT Customs. If I were you, I would try to keep the suspension lift amount below 4 1⁄2 inches or so. You can do this in an Jeep XJ with proper fender trimming and the right bumpstops front and rear and still fit 35s. Generally, any suspension lift over 31⁄2 inches will require either front control arm drop brackets or a front long-arm conversion, or the ride can be harsh and jarring. Other things to consider are that you will almost certainly want a slip-yoke eliminator for the NP231 or NP242 your Jeep XJ has. Add in a new double-cardan rear driveshaft, and your driveline will be happy and vibration free. As far as belly armor, there are several options. Look for skidplates made of 3⁄16- or 1⁄4-inch steel plate that span from one pseudo frame rail to another. You are also going to want some rocker guards, a gas tank skidplate (the factory one is pretty good), possibly some thick diff covers front and rear, and maybe an upgrade to the steering on your XJ. We could keep going, but that ought to give you a pretty good start on a reliable safe Jeep XJ for any trail.
Which JK
Been a reader of Jp for 14 years or so. I appreciate all that you and your team do to feed my Jeep addiction each month. Love your no-nonsense approach to the sport and lifestyle of wheeling.
I have a question. It's about time for me to upgrade my beloved TJ with something that fits the growing family at little better. Like most of us, the budget limits what I can spend for a newer/bigger Jeep, so I'm looking for some advice. I could buy an older JK Rubicon ('07-'11) with the 3.8L engine and have all the built-in factory off-road prowess that I'd like to have, but I know that the 3.8L engine pretty much sucks in a four-door JK. Or, I could probably swing for a newer '12-ish JK Unlimited if I stick to the "Sport" package. I'd gain the great 3.6L engine, but lose the better axles, gears, and lockers found in the Rubicon. Given your experience as an editor and driver in both eras/grades of vehicle, what would you suggest? The Jeep would see daily freeway driving duties and weekend wheeling. A 3-inch lift and 35s would be the extent of my modifications.
Jeremy Oviatt
West Jordan, UT
Wow, quite the conundrum there. A JK Unlimited Rubicon would be a pretty sweet replacement for your TJ, but the 3.8L hauling around all that Jeep on 35s is gonna bring the suck even with the 4.10 gears available with the Rubicon package. The 3.6L Pentastar is much better suited to the task, but has only been around for a few years so longevity of this engine is not fully known (until consumers get 200k plus miles on these things). We know the 3.8Ls tend to have issues at 90k, 150k, or if you are lucky, 160k. Also, technically the rear axle in a '12-'14 JK Sport is going to be the same 30-spline Dana 44, although not with the Rubicon's locker or 4:10 ratio. The front axle in a JK Sport is going to be a pretty decent Dana 30 that should hold up almost as well as a Rubicon Dana 44 front, and when, it built could be made to last under a lightweight JK with 35s. Both axles are going to have similar problems under a porky JK Unlimited -- that is, they will bend and brake if beaten on when wearing 35s. I'm willing to bet that a '12-'14 JK with the 3.6L and the optional 3.73 gears is gonna drive better than a '07-'11 JK Rubicon with 4.10s on-road with similar sized aftermarket tires and lift. Off-road, the lockers and 4:1 NVG241OR are gonna make the 3.8L powered Rubicon stand out, but lockers aren't everything off-road unless you plan on beating this thing in the heavy rocks, mud, and sand. The best recipe to follow is to go drive both on dealer lots and decide what you like best. Then, after purchasing your Jeep, build it with parts designed to be as light as possible while still providing strength. It's easier to save weight than to make more horsepower. If you choose the 3.6L-powered Sport, know you can always regear the axles, T-case, and add lockers later on down the road.
Jeep XJ With a Stutter
First, I want to say I love your magazine. I've been a Jeeper for about 30 plus years. Finally got my favorite: an '01 Jeep XJ. I mostly use the Cherokee for wheeling in the desert of Southern California and also for hunting. I have had CJs, a -5, a -7, and an M38A1. Here's my problem. The 4.0L runs great except when I drive long enough to go over 210 degrees and shut it off. If I let it sit for any length of time and allow it to cool down, I have no problem. But if it sits only for a short time, when I start it up it will idle with a miss for a short time, but then clears up. At that time, it throws a misfire code on the number three cylinder. I've replaced the coil pack, and the problem is still the same. I swapped injectors between the number one injector and the number three injector, and the misfire code still shows the number three injector as the problem. The spark plugs are all burning perfectly, and the Jeep is not using any oil. I'm kind of lost.
Anyway, I'm a wheeling fool and sure love that Jeep XJ. So far it has a 4.5-inch Rubicon Express lift with a locker in the front. A Warn 9,500lb winch sits on a heavy-duty front bumper, while the rear heavy-duty bumper has a tire carrier.
Name withheld
Via email
So what you have here sure sounds like a fuel-injector heat soak issue that was actually a TSB (technical service bulletin) for '99-'01 Jeep XJs (and some 4.0L-powered Grand Cherokees). The Jeep dealership will happily sell you a little tube-shaped heat shield that you have to cut to length and place around the number three fuel injector. The part number is: 56028371AA Ignition Wire Shield. This should help. It worked for the '01 Jeep XJ that I owned. Also, adding hood louvers or small 1⁄2 to 1-inch spacers under the rear hinges of the hood creating a pseudo cowl induction hood may also help dissipate heat.
We've seen the ignition wire shield get soaked in oil, which renders its heat shielding properties useless, so if your Jeep XJ already has a shield installed and it's grimy and old, a new shield may help.
College Kid With Nothing To Do?
I'm a college kid with nothing to do, so therefore I turned to my Jeep for entertainment (yeah, I know, weird statement about college). I started thinking about a few different ways to do things and want to know if they would work or if I'm just thinking of new ways to break my Jeep. First, my Jeep is an '88 Wrangler with the vacuum center axle disconnect front axle. Would it be possible to put a mini spool in it and then buy the one of those selector cables for the central vacuum disconnect and have a selectable locker? Second, I work in a performance car shop, and I see a lot of ladder bar suspensions. Would it be possible to run a ladder bar suspension front and rear with coilovers and a track bar? Is this doable, or am I just thinking of a new way to kill myself on the interstate? It sounds good to me, but what do I know? I'm just a 19-year-old kid who thinks he knows everything (at least that's what they tell me).
Newport, NC
Hmm, when I was a young lad in college I was too busy with homework, studying, beer consumption, studying beer consumption, beer-related homework, social activities, and beer-involved social activities to do much actual Jeeping, but when I could, I went wheeling. Personally, I am glad you are thinking about Jeeps when you are not thinking about college. It's probably better for you than spending as much time with beer as I have. All in all, I've spent lots of time in school, and towards the end of my career as a college student, I finally mastered the place. Once you have learned how you learn, you can master any (or almost any) subject. You then have a powerful tool at your disposal that almost no one can take away from you, no matter what the future holds.
The answer to your first question about the mini spool and a 4x4 Posi-Lok is actually one I've run across before. Hypothetically, it would act kind of like a selectable locker in that the two front tires would not be fighting each other on turns when the Posi Lock is disengaged. Only in this situation the driver-side axle and wheel would always turn when 4-Hi or 4-Lo is engaged even with the Posi Lock disengaged. This would still cause binding between the front and rear axle since they are traveling different distances around a turn. On a hard surface, that would put a lot of stress on that one short axleshaft and U-joint in the front axle. I'm willing to bet you would break that axle or U-joint frequently. Also, when on-road, your front driveshaft would be forced to turn all the time because of the spool, while an open diff and a functioning center axle disconnect allows the driveshaft to remain stationary while in 2WD. That rotation of the driveshaft could cause a vibration or extra wear on your driveshaft U-joints. In short, if you plan on driving your YJ on the road much, I would not run a mini spool and a 4x4 Posi-Lok. If it's a trail rig and you are alright with carrying plenty of spare shafts and swapping them out, you might be able to pull this off.
As for your question about suspensions, now is probably a good time to start educating yourself about different kinds of link suspensions. What you are describing with ladder bars and a track bar would, if I understand correctly, be pretty similar to a two-link (with track bar) or a radius arm suspension. These types of suspensions can be made to work on a Jeep like yours, but there are drawbacks that make them less than ideal. For example, the axle ends of the ladder bars/radius arms will fight each other as the axle articulates. Luckily, there are other options for you to research. In fact, as part of your new Jeep-related homework (since you have so much free time, wink wink), please write a brief synopsis of the benefits and drawbacks of three-link and four-link suspensions with track bars, due Monday. Then you can move on to studying triangulated three- and four-links, and double triangulated four-links. Lastly, I'll say this: If I were you, I'd take some engineering classes and maybe tinker with your YJ's leaf spring suspension for now. There are several ways to get the leaves on a YJ to work pretty well off-road without reinventing the wheel. Once you have more knowledge of link suspension and engineering, you can dip into the realm of building your own linked suspension systems if you want.
4.0L Cam Difference?
Do you know if the Chrysler cam for an '06 4.0L would be set up with the hole for the spring and button such that it would work in an earlier engine? The parts guy at my local Jeep dealership is a computer reader and insists that cams for my '98 from Chrysler are no longer available. He doesn't know if the hole is correct on the later camshaft for earlier engines, and he doesn't care to check for me.
Steven L. Messer
Via Facebook
You are correct. The cams for '00 (maybe late '99) through '06 4.0Ls are different from earlier ('87-'99) 4.0L camshafts. The timing chain is different, as is the method of mounting the timing gears to the front of the cam, so the newer cam won't work in an earlier engine. I confirmed this with Zach at 505 Performance (505performance.com). The crew at 505 Performance can help you out with a cam for your 4.0L no matter what year it is, even if the dealer can't.
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Philip James Bailey Collection 1855-1946Search Tips | How to Browse this Collection
"Juvenilia: Ode to the Sun"
1 folder
This collection is stored at Firestone Library.
Requests will be delivered to Manuscripts Division, RBSC Reading Room .
Collection Creator: Bailey, Philip James, 1816-1902..
Dates: undated.
Located In: Box 1 Folder 44;
Extent: 1 folder
Languages: English.
Access Restrictions
The collection is open for research.
Preferred Citation
"Juvenilia: Ode to the Sun"; undated; Philip James Bailey Collection, Box 1 Folder 44; Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.
Suggest a correction


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A recent improvement to the Scouting program using today's technology is the Pod Cast.
Now for those of you that don't know, the Pod Cast is a way to present information, typically from an Internet host. You can download these presentations or listen to them right on your computer.
Many people say, "Well I don't have an Ipod!" The good news is you don't have to own an Ipod. Any program or device that plays MP3 files will do.
These presentations are like listening to talk radio shows, good for us, we have some Scouters out there that have found there way to our MP3 Players, and the message they are sending is good.
Here are a few examples of Scouting Pod Cast sites:
The Cascade Pacific Council is trying their hand at it. You can find them here.
This is another great site that really suites me. CLICK HERE.
If you are interested in the Order of the Arrow and Patch collecting than you want to check out the Cloth Talk site.
For those of you that are still active in the Cub Scout program check out this neat site that will make your MP3 Scout friendly! And I love the Title "An hour a week!"
Staying with the Cubbies… The Boy Scouts of America have this site for you.
Here is a one "Pod cast" from the BSA PODCAST Website. I am not sure if this is an "Official" site of the BSA, but they have some good programs. Take a listen, and take it with you.
You gotta love Technology!
Happy Scouting!


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The last 3 months has been a roller coaster ride of emotions for me and my wife. First my trusty Rodeo that I have had for going on 14 years and put every 268k miles with no problems what so ever, finally lost a cylinder and have to get a new motor. Then we find out some good news only to find out the good news was false hope. Then tonight I receive this picture from my wife while I'm at work.
Luckily the tree just missed the boat and just grazed the house with no damage.
So now that I have lemons now its time to make lemonade. The tree was a pig nut hickory and came up by the roots. Maybe a can make a call out of the tree. Thank goodness its a huge tree because I might need all of it to make one call.


text: If someone started one of these already im sorry, i didn't feel like searching 42 pages of threads. Anyways i finally finished my Evil Dead DVD collection with the finally price lowered Book of the Dead edition now all i need is that cursed European Version which i technically have in the "Official Bootleg Edition" I wasnt around when these first came out, but am really into them now that ive seen them. And the video game is hillareous! Bruce Campbell is the best horror character in the Horror/ Comedy genre if not in horror movies all together, so what does everyone else think of this series, and if you havent seen it i highly reccomened by myself, just rent it and youll see!


text:
Being able to offer a route description to download can really add value to your website. Whether it's a tour of locations that would interest your site visitors, scenic routes, or simply giving readers TomTom quality navigation between two of your offices.
What's more, when people use your route description, it's automatically complemented by whatever TomTom information they normally get along the way. Such as traffic, weather, safety cameras and more.


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At our house, Maybull the is the center of the universe and she has been since she first arrived 13 years ago, a tiny 11-week old bundle of affection. In her youth, she had more endurance than most bulldogs, walking the two and a half miles around nearby Lake Nokomis. At the off leash at the dog park, she would stay on the path while other dogs dashed into the woods. Instead, she'd veer in front of other dog owners and wouldn't let them pass until they petted her.
She has become a fixture in the yearly Powderhorn Park Mayday Parade as the Bulldog in the Tutu. Kids coming for candy at Halloween will ask for her, looking to see what costume she's wearing.
Now that she's an old lady bulldog, she spends much of her time napping. Late in the afternoon, she loves to sit by the front door, barking at any dog who dares walk pass the house. "You kids got off my lawn," she tells them. She's never demanded cuddles, but still loves to hang out wherever we are – the presence of both of us is required. At night, her snores help us drift off to sleep.
I am happy to say that except for some arthritis, she's in generally good health, knock on wood. We are so lucky to be celebrating her 13th birthday on January 28th. We think she's the best dog in the world.


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Well its not long to go before the Supreme Court website is launched. Next Wednesday infact!
What I would like is for some people to take a look at the beta version of the [site] and make any suggestions that could and would improve it. Please bear in mind that I had to be quite conservative with this site when it came to graphics. The Judges did not want this site to have bells and whistles. On many occasions I was asked to tone it down a little and even remove some of the images created *sigh*. To best view the site, use I.E. or Netscape in Windows or if you are using Linux, use Galeon or Mozilla. Don't waste your time looking at it with Netscape because the borders around the menus will be out of alignment which is caused by the font issue within Netscape for Linux. I haven't tried it with Netscape 6, so it may be ok. The Virtual Tour will need a java-enabled browser.
Anyway, the main thing is, I hope it's easy to navigate and find what you are looking for. It is aimed for the general public more so than for solicitors or staff, and since most of you probaby have little or no knowledge of the Court system, I would appreciate some feedback from you. You can use the feedback form on the site (which I will recieve) or send me an email:
Thanks and hope to read some comments soon.