text:
I wish people would stop syndicating blogs containing videos to advogato, it borks the html parser completely and makes the rest of the page unreadable.
If you work for a telecoms, networking or crypto company and have assisted the NSA by inserting backdoors or weakening crypto then I hope you are eaten alive by rats. Shame on you.
Hey, C++ programmers, stop writing Strict Weak Orderings by hand for your classes.
For two members it's manageable:
bool operator<(const Widget& l, const Widget& r)
if (l.x < r.x)
return true;
if (r.x < l.x)
return false;
return l.y < r.y;
bool operator<(const Widget& l, const Widget& r)
if (l.x < r.x)
return true;
if (r.x < l.x)
return false;
if (l.y < r.y)
return true;
if (r.y < l.y)
return false;
return l.z < r.z;
bool operator<(const Widget& l, const Widget& r)
return l.x < r.x ? true : r.x < l.x ? false : l.y < r.y ? true : r.y < l.y ? false : l.z < r.z;
bool operator<(const Widget& l, const Widget& r)
return l.x < r.x || (!(r.x < l.x) && (l.y < r.y || (!(r.y < l.y) && l.z < r.z)));
bool operator<(const Widget& l, const Widget& r)
return std::tie(l.x, l.y, l.z) < std::tie(r.x, r.y, r.z);
tie function template, and even PHP programmers could do that.
#include <boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp> and then use
boost::tie instead of
Gah, stupid brain. I need to remember that the modified pattern space after a series of sed commands will only be printed and deleted right away if that modified pattern space doesn't match the addresses of any later commands. If it does match, it might get further modified and then not printed. Stick
;p;d after the series of commands to avoid that, and not spend an hour scratching your head.
In more interesting news, I've been having fun with new Fedora releases. I upgraded my desktop to F17, because it's not possible to upgrade straight to F18 from F16, but once there I found it so miraculously beefy I decided to keep it. On x86_64 F18 doesn't offer me much that isn't in F17, and what I really want is glibc 2.17 which includes the most excellent change I asked for, but isn't in F18. Following the advice of freenode's #fedora-devel I've got a
mock chroot where I can use rawhide, so that I can make some changes to libstdc++ so that a high-resolution
std::system_clock will be enabled by default on systems using glibc 2.17+
I have, however, installed F18 (beta) on the shiny ARM chromebook I got for xmas, thanks to lots of help from #fedora-arm. That's a huge improvement on my ageing eeepc netbook. Kudos to the Fedora ARM team on excellent work.
I've also got round to sending my paperwork to the FSF so I can contribute to GDB, which means I should resume working on my patch to teach GDB about C++11 rvalue references. That's been on hold while I sat on the paperwork, wrote a C++ standard proposal and started work on my talk for this year's ACCU conference. (If my wife wasn't working so hard on her studies she'd probably be asking me to stop all these extracurricular activites by now!)
I've often joked that instead of picking up Djikstra's cute acronym we should have called the basic synchronization object "the bottleneck". Bottlenecks are useful at times, sometimes indispensible -- but they're never GOOD.
Gold linker + CentOS5 NFS client + Solaris 10 NFSd = ballache
I've spent a day and a half being completely bewildered by a weird NFS bug where ELF binaries (but not other files) written to an NFS mount show up on remote hosts with the correct file size but consisting entirely of nul zero bytes, but only when written from CentOS5 hosts, not from Solaris, Fedora or RHEL6 hosts.
I eventually narrowed it down to the Gold linker, which writes files using
mmap, and the CentOS5 2.6.18 kernel has a bug when writing files with
mmap to NFS mounts.
There was a very similar RHEL4 bug that should be fixed in my kernel, but for some reason the
kernel-2.6.18-redhat.patch file in the SRPM comments out the fix. I don't know why.
Maybe this post will show up for anyone else searching for the symptoms, because I didn't have much luck searching the web for it.
My solution is to avoid Gold on CentOS5 (since we can't easily stop using NFS, unfortunately) but I wish I could get that day of my life back.
Update: The
distcc FAQ (search for Files written to NFS filesystems are corrupt) mentions this problem and refers to a post to the distcc list and a post to the linux-nfs list where a workaround using the
no_subtree_check option for nfsd is given, but that assumes the NFS server is linux, and mine isn't
Wishbone and the Illustrated Classics series have gotten me through every conversation I've ever had about Dickens, Treasure Island, The Anarchist's Cookbook, and Our Bodies, Ourselves.
-- Randall Munroe
"Well, the feature was in the language so I figured I
should use it.". It is our belief that this is not a
sufficient criteria for using a feature of C++. A feature
should be used only when it can be demonstrated to be
of benefit. A mountain is climbed "because it is there".
The same should not hold true for C++ features. Their
mere existence is not justification for use.
New HTML Parser: The long-awaited libxml2 based HTML parser code is live. It needs further work but already handles most markup better than the original parser.
Keep up with the latest Advogato features by reading the Advogato status blog.
If you're a C programmer with some spare time, take a look at the mod_virgule project page and help us with one of the tasks on the ToDo list!


text:
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) testing
This test is used to check a sample of blood or urine for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Health care providers prescribe these drugs for depression and a number of other problems, including anxiety, headaches, and nerve-related pain.
Although these drugs can be helpful in normal doses, taking too much can be fatal. These drugs are often the cause of death in prescription-drug overdoses in the U.S.
You might have this test to help your health care provider prescribe the proper dose of TCA. Health care providers may also perform this test if you have symptoms that may point to taking too much of one of these drugs.
Symptoms of overdose include:
Difficulty thinking
Serious changes in heart rhythm
Low blood pressure
If your health care provider suspects that you have taken too much of one of these drugs, he or she may perform an electrocardiogram to check your heart's rhythm. Your doctor may also perform other blood tests, including a complete blood count; creatinine; electrolytes; blood sugar; and to check for other substances including acetaminophen and aspirin, which are other drugs that are commonly taken along with a TCA overdose.
A result for a lab test may be affected by many things, including the method the laboratory uses to do the test. If your test results are different from the normal value, you may not have a problem. To learn what the results mean for you, talk with your health care provider.
Blood levels higher than 1,000 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) can threaten your life. Even much lower levels may be harmful, especially in children and people taking these drugs long-term. Levels higher than 3,000 ng/mL often cause death.
The test requires a blood sample, which is drawn through a needle from a vein in your arm, or a urine sample, which is usually provided by urinating into a cup. The result of a urine test for TCAs will be reported only as negative or positive.
Taking a blood sample with a needle carries risks that include bleeding, infection, bruising, or feeling dizzy. When the needle pricks your arm, you may feel a slight stinging sensation or pain. Afterward, the site may be slightly sore.
Some other medications can interfere with this test, causing a false-positive for TCAs. These include carbamazepine, quetiapine, diphenhydramine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, and cyclobenzaprine.
Tell your health care provider about any other medications you have taken recently.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jen is constantly on the go and wears many hats. She is a wife, mom, director, teacher and coach to her daughter's 3rd grade basketball team. Jen loves to teach and says that one of the best parts of her job is mentoring college students. She is passionate about helping others apply exercise physiological principles in their own lives and the lives of others. In her free time, she loves to cook, garden, travel and dance around the living room with her 9 year old daughter and 5 year old son.
Pizza will be available or feel free to bring your own lunch.
RSVP by Tuesday, February 12 to email@example.com or 630.844.6864.
RSS | AU Today
More headlines


text:
Well, i talked to our other lead here at work and it seems that our kernel modifications, modules, and watcher app is going into its first alpha cycle. We are hoping to ship a product by august. This may be a little rushed but we think we can manage if we don't run into any large snags.
Our product, called ARIA, is integrated into the linux kernel and monitors system health. Health is determined by a calibration set collected from the kernel during nominal activity. If the health of the system moves our of a range set by the user then the user is notified. Its works reasonably well. You can tell when you are being port scaned or dosed.
A follow up tool called RIDS will be released shortly after the relese of ARIA. RIDS is defensive and will try to stop any anomalous activity that it sees on the system. I like to think this tool is only for the truly paranoid. :)
I feel that i should start running it at home before posting these props. Maybe, i'll calibrate it at my home machine and see if i can't detect malicious activity, after i go rile up some L33T h4x0rs. :)


text:
La Nada
Credit: NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon
Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82994
License: CC BY-NC 3.0
January 2014 brought a string of brutal winter storms to the Midwestern, Eastern and mostly surprisingly even the Southern United States, but no snow to the mountains of California. The culprit could have been La Nada.
Why It Matters
- When conditions in the Pacific Ocean are not in an El Niño or a La Niña they are ENSO neutral or La Nada (nada means nothing in Spanish). Extreme weather has been linked to these conditions.
- ENSO neutral conditions dominated from December 2010 until after June 2011.
- ENSO-neutral conditions began in April 2012, with no indication of a change through spring 2014 and maybe beyond.
- The Southern U.S. gets little or no snow, but snow in the winter 2013-2014 shut down cities all across the south.
Can You Apply It?
With the links below, learn more about ENSO-neutral conditions. Then answer the following questions.
- ScienceAtNASA, ScienceCasts, Wild Weather (video): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9MWcAq3SnU
- NASA, JPL, 'La Nada' Climate Pattern Lingers in the Pacific (webpage): http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-272
- What happens to the jet stream during a La Niña?
- What happens to the jet stream during an ENSO-neutral time and why?
- Why did La Nada conditions produce so many killer tornadoes?
- What is the difference between ordinary thunderstorms and super cells?
- If you did the California Drought RWA, do you think it's possible that the 2013-2014 (and on?) drought is caused by a La Nada and why or why not?


text:
I have pick of the litter from a solid breeding, There are only two males which is what I am getting so other than any obvious signs of a problem with one is there anything I should look for? I have never picked a pup out, my last dog was a gift and i lucked out and got a solid retriever. I am about ready to just grab one of the two and forget about it.
Should I bring a wing clipped Pigeon along or anything like that?


text:
More details will follow, hopefully on Behdad's blog.
Update: Immediately after I posted this, I got this email from Google's Chris DiBona (on which I was CC-ed) which I am pasting here verbatim:
I know this might seem rude, but I'm not going to take up any more of our lawyers time on this. They've made their determination, and that's it from my perspective and with regards to the Summer of Code.
The law itself can be found as the Export Administration Regulations ("EAR") as 15 C.F.R. 734.2(b)(2)(ii).
This page seems to have some interesting info on it:
The text of the law, converted from non-free pdf format out of respect for Richard and those who feel strongly about such things:
If you search for the about EAR code, you'll find a bunch of very interesting (to me, anyway) commentary on the law. The list of countries that are in question can be found here:
I will investigate the matter more in the morning.


text:
Last month, I set up a new community discussion site, www.kerneltrap.com which is a news and discussion portal devoted to low-level systems programming, embedded systems development, and OS kernel hacking. It is with this site that I plan on getting myself back into the hard-core dev world again.
I must say, I'm getting sick of just doing sysadmin work. If anybody is looking for a developer in Tokyo, Japan, I am an experienced C/C++/PHP programmer with Oracle and MySQL as well. I would LOVE to work on projects (especially open source) if they involve significant coding (and I'm not that interested in doing web stuff) especially of a low-level nature. I am especially interested in getting into embedded systems work but I haven't had any experience in that field.


text:
About us
Our research, international, teaching & enterprise activities and contact details.
News and Seminars
Catch up with some of the recent things that have happened in the Department.
Find out about our undergraduate degrees inlcuding our new degree: BSc Nutrition with Food Consumer Sciences.
Short courses
Learn more about our part time and short courses.
Postgraduate taught
Find out about our postgraduate taught degrees.
Postgraduate research
Find out about our postgraduate reseach courses.
Read about our cutting edge research.
WORLD LEADING RESEARCH IN REF 2014. More than 71% of our research has been ranked as internationally excellent in the REF 2014.
Working with industry
How we work with industry.


text:
You are a fan of holy diamandis ? Come to discover the best forums holy diamandis on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of holy diamandis . You can also build a forum holy diamandis and create your online discussion.
The final stronghold in a world of rp mediocrity.
roleplay, original, forum, quality, best, fate, stay, night, #holy, grail, angels, demons
A Christian fellowship where 'Believers' can come together to talk, discuss, enjoy, pray for others and give testimonies, chat, enjoy the fullness of being a Christian all in one site.
free, forum, gods, christian, fellowship, #holy, spirit, bible, jesus, christ, salvation, believers, come, together, talk, discuss, enjoy, pray, christianity, trinity, love, peace, happiness
Our aim is to conform our beliefs to the Magisterium of the Holy Catholic Church under the patronage of the Holy Virgin Mary.
pope, francis, catholic, blessed, mother, life, total, consecration, fatima, maronite, roman, faustina, padre, jesus, through, mary, ninevah90
Forum for the H.O.O.D. alliance of Ogame's Izar Universe.
#holy, order, destruction, alliance, ogame's, izar, universe
Pathwork Journey by Christian Walker is a friendly forum for those who are working on the path of self-purification and seeking the ultimate truth about the universe and life.
christianity, pathwork, releasing, christian, walker, jesus, #holy, spirits, bible, spirituality, sedona, method, release, technique, lester, levenson, self-help, self-development, meditation, healing
Holy Storm Order is a Illyriad miltary alliance.
Free forum : A political and Combat based RPG Fourm based on the Fate/Zero and Fate/StayNight Series. Take Control of a Magus or Heroic Spirit and fight to obtain the holy grail!
#holy, grail, wars, political, combat, based, fourm, fate/zero, fate/staynight, series, control, magus, heroic, spirit, fight, grail!, heroes, friends, social, strategy, type, moon, anime, buddy
Change of life comes in seasons therefore we must be on watch and aware of what Holy Spirit is saying to us through dreams and other signs.
seasons, change, life, watch, aware, #holy, spirit, dreams, signs
Free forum : Our goal is to commune the Christian community so as to guide people on the path of life and help those seeking God to better understand his Holy Word.
theology, forums, goal, commune, christian, community, guide, people, path, life, seeking, understand, #holy, word, jesus


text:
Nestled in the Historic Don Gaspar neighborhood, we are just a 7-minute walk to the Plaza, galleries, spas, unique shops, and wonderful restaurants. The Inn offers 10 spacious accommodations for your comfort. Host to Artist Workshops /retreats.
On the Witter Bynner Estate, the Turquoise Bear offers superb accommodations in a romantic setting close to the plaza. This adobe villa is surrounded by gardens and tall pines. On the National Register of Historic Places. Superior amenities.
Dobson House is your gateway to the romance, beauty, and outdoor adventure of Taos. NM. The contemporary solar adobe sits on a hill overlooking the Rio Grande Gorge. Hot springs are a short walk away. Spectacular views.
Four diamond luxury in the heart of Taos. On-site fitness facility w/ workout room, sauna, massage/spa treatments, gardenside hot tub. Rooms have stocked fridges, TV w/VCR, fireplaces. Some have spa shower, jetted tubs. Rates include 2 meals per day.
Sugar Pines Rv ParkLooking for a place to stay, sit back and relax. As Cloudcroft's only year round RV park we are able to offer the comforts of home with 16 sites with 30 Amp Full Hookups, Cable with HBO, Free Wireless Internet (Wi-Fi),BBQ Pits,
6 Guest Casitas with spectacular mt. views 1/2 south of Santa Fe. Hot tub, outdoor unheated swimming pool, hiking on premises. You can arrange your own massages, and horseback riding. All for very reasonable price. Breakfast not included.No spa.
A rambling adobe hacienda bordering Albuquerque,furnished with antiques and folk art. AAA Three-diamond rating. Centrally located for recreation, shops,restaurants,pueblos.
The Mauger Estate B&B situated within walking distance of Route 66, the downtown business district and Historic Old Town, the Mauger Estate B&B is Albuquerque's most centrally located bed & breakfast.
Romantic and historic adobe Hacienda and wedding chapel dating back 150 - 200 years, located in rural village of Algodones. Conveniently located between Albuquerque and Santa Fe off I-25. Former stage coach stop and train stop.
Find the perfect accommodations for vacations, romantic weekends and adventurous getaways. Find the right accommodations for your travels, from budget to luxury!


text:
Would Seismic Airgun Testing Sacrifice the Fishing Industry for Oil Exploration? [Infographic]
October 3rd, 2012 | by Jeff McIntire-Strasburg
Is it worth risking both endangered marine life like certain species of whales and dolphins, as well as commercially valuable fish species, to explore for oil with seismic airgun testing? Take a look at Oceana's infographic, and judge for yourself


text:
- Overview
- Specs
- Reviews
Zoic Women's Jayden Short Sleeve JerseyThe Jayden is truly a jewel of a jersey. Earth-friendly fabric and Integrated Air Flow vents help you stay dry, odor-free, and comfortable as you ride. It's even adorned with technical details like a generous front zipper, audio pocket, soft-finish waist and princess seams.
- Recycled polyester offers stretch, breathability and moisture-wicking in an environmentally friendly fabric, so you can feel good about looking good
- Integrated Air Flow vents across upper back maximize breathability
- 8.5" locking zipper slides with a tug when it's upright, but stays in place when it's down
- Comfortable princess seams for a flattering fit
- Mock V-neck 1" collar with contrast piping
- Contrast color panel on upper back
- Tagless neck label eliminates itching and irritation
- Wide elastic hem with a soft finish is longer in the back for the riding posture
- Back Tech pocket with easy-to-grab toggle zip and headphone cable slit
Zoic Women's Jayden Short Sleeve Jersey
- fabric:
- 84% Recycled Polyester/16% Spandex
- fit:
- Club/Semi-Form Fit
- hem:
- Elastic
- pockets:
- 1 zippered back
- sleeve:
- Raglan
- spf rating:
- None
- zipper:
- 8.5"
- rating:
- 5
? Place an order in the next Hours Minutes . Overweight charges may apply to some items.Based on delivery to . Change location
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- Additional processing time may be required prior to shipping.


text:
Nielsen Metal Frame Kits offer strength, consistency of finish and preservation framing for the creative framer and gallery owner. These beautiful aluminum frames are simple, pure and really set the scene. Simply measure the overall height and width from the outside edges of your artwork, choose one size kit for length and one kit for width and assemble your frame. All hardware is included (except wire) in the packaging.
Profile 11 - Simple and classic, the Nielsen Metal Frame Kit, Profile 11 has a slightly rounded face 9/32" wide with a depth of 13/32", which holds a print, backing glass and up to 2 mats. Available in Gold, Silver and Matte Black. A favorite for prints, photos and posters.
Rabbet Depth - The rabbet is the recess on the back inside edge of the frame, into which the artwork fits. To find a frame that works for you, measure the depth of your artwork, including any matting or mounting materials, and order a frame with a rabbet depth that is at least the same as that measured depth.
Note - Frames are sized by the opening, not by the outside of the molding. To determine the size of frame to order, measure the outside of your artwork, including mat, and order that size frame. The frame will overlap your artwork about a quarter inch all the way around, so your artwork will fit securely behind the frame's molding.
|Nielsen Bainbridge
|Profile 11
|Profile Depth
|Profile Width
|Rabbet Depth


text:
Native Instruments Massive
Another wonderful software synthesizer from Native Instruments is MASSIVE. This is a powerful synthesizer with a lot of potential and flexibility under an otherwise simplified and intuitive hood. There are only three different pages to view in this program. "Synth" view shows all the parameters and knobs that are needed to create and edit sounds in a single, concise and well conceived page. "Attribute" view allows you to add meta-data attributes to the selected patch - from author name to categorical information - for use in the KoreSound Browser. The "Browser" page is where you can choose from any of the 600 preset sounds, or your own creations, with a helpful category-based filtering system where you select certain attributes to narrow down the program list in hopes of finding the right sounds for your needs. Both the Attributes and Browser pages include a Macro Control section with eight assignable knobs for immediate fine-tweaking.
Now this is the question you're probably asking yourself: what about the synth itself? MASSIVE is a 16-voice polyphonic synthesizer that is based on a unique Wave Scanning algorithm, implemented via three parallel oscillator modules, two multimode filters with fantastic routing options, and a number of modulation sections that include step sequencers and easy to use dynamic envelopes.
MASSIVE comes with three independent oscillators that provide 85 different wavetables to select from, categorized as Basic, Analog/Electric, Digital/Hybrid, FX/Chords and Virtual Analog. It also allows five different time/frequency shifting options to further change the timbre of the selected wavetable. Each oscillator has its own Pitch control, Wavetable-position, Intensity, and Amp (level) knobs. A wonderful thing about MASSIVE is that each knob can be assigned to control a secondary parameter - they are easily routed by dragging any envelope, LFO or Macro Control (look for the moveable object icons) to the boxes underneath a given knob. Click & drag on the value in the box to adjust that parameter, or simply tweak the knob itself to adjust both the knob's default parameter and the newly assigned parameter together.
There is also a Modulation Oscillator section that allows you to vary the main oscillators' signal with Ring Mod, Phaser, Position, and Filter FM modes. You can independently assign any of these modes to each of the oscillators. It also has its own pitch control. There is also a Noise generator with 12 different noise types to choose from with knobs to change the Color and Amp (level) of the noise. Next-door to that is the Feedback control. You can easily dial in feedback into any patch to amplify, dirty or even distort it. There is a warning in the manual stating that too much feedback can damage speakers and hearing!
There are two Filters available. DJ-style sliders beside each oscillator section let you adjust, or mix, how much of each oscillator you want to send to Filter 1 and Filter 2. A similar slider beside the Filter sections allows you to mix between series or parallel modes for the two filters. Each filter has 12 different filter types to choose from, along with three control knobs that vary from cutoff and resonance to Pitch and Feedback, depending on the type of filter mode selected. All the usual suspects including Lowpass, Highpass and Bandpass are on tap, as well as some new modes like Acid and Scream.
There are two master effects sections, plus an additional two insert effects sections. The master effects have 17 different effects you can use ranging from reverb, chorus, delay, and flanger to tube amps. There is also a master 4-band equalizer section which can be added to sweeten the whole patch.
MASSIVE also has a centrally located tabbed-window section which allows for the editing of four separate envelopes and up to four LFO's or 16-step sequencers. The envelopes are very sophisticated, parts of the envelope can be looped and you can morph between different transitions or crossfades for the defined loop start and end points. There are a few preset envelopes to load, as well as the ability to store and load custom user envelopes. The same can be said of the LFO's, with basic waveforms to complex waveforms that can be edited and then saved for use later. There are two types of 16-step sequencers as well: Stepper and Performance. While the Stepper conforms to the well-known, established operating modes, the Performer allows each step to be shaped individually, making it ideal for advanced rhythmic structures.
Also tucked away within this center panel of MASSIVE are the various global settings pages. These allow you to set up and/or adjust everything from oscillator glide and portamento, pitch-bend range, vibrato, key-tracking (to map incoming pitch information generated by your keyboard or sequencer individually for each oscillator and filter), voicing settings (unison or polyphony modes), extensive signal routing options and much more.
Overall, MASSIVE is a very powerful software synthesizer that should belong in any artist's software arsenal. It's a very broad instrument capable of making nice leads and very good basses. It's designed to seamlessly integrate with Native Instruments KORE program as well. Best of all, it provides users with all of Native Instruments' synthesis quality and experience in one of their easiest to use platforms yet! MASSIVE Expansion Volumes 1 & 2 each provide 200 additional sounds to its library. MASSIVE has been used by Assemblage 23, Depeche Mode and Andrew Phillpott.
Lookup Native Instruments Massive Prices
The link above will take you to an eBay search for this synth to see active listings with more images, specs and information. If you don't find it there, try looking in our forum marketplace. Our marketplace gets thousands of visits every week so make sure to check back often if you want to buy or sell a synth.
Related Forum Topics
User Comments & Reviews
Are you looking to buy or sell a Native Instruments Massive? Post an ad in Gear For Sale or a request in Gear Wanted. For spare parts and repair services check out Gear Services & Other Goods. Our forums also has a Buyer's Guide section where you can ask for advice on buying synthesizers.
- Demos & Media
- Specifications
- Polyphony - 16 Voices
- Oscillators - 3 Oscillators, 1 Modulation Osc, 1 Noise gen (12 types)
- Waveforms - 85 Different Wavetables per oscillators
- LFO - Up to 4 LFO's
- Filter - 2 Multimode Filters (Lowpass2, Lowpass4, Hipass2, Hipass4, Allpass, Double Notch, Bandpass, Bandreject, Scream, Daft, Comb, Acid)
- Envelope - 4 customizable envelopes
- Effects - 2 Master FX, 2 Insert FX. 17 effects: Reverb, Phaser, Flanger, Delay, Chorus, Ensemble, etc.
- Sequencer - Four 16-step Sequencers (Basic step-mode and a more dynamic Perfomance step-mode)
- Arpeggiator - None
- Keyboard - None
- Memory - 600 Preset sounds. Unlimited User memory.
- Macintosh Requirements - Mac OSX 10.5 or higher, Intel Core Duo 1.66 GHz, 1 GB RAM. Stand-alone, Audio Units, VST, RTAS, Core Audio, Core MIDI
- Windows Requirements - Windows 7(32/64 Bit) / Vista (32/64 Bit)/ XP (SP2, 32 Bit), Pentium or Athlon 1.4 GHz, 1 GB RAM. Stand-alone, VST, RTAS, ASIO, DirectSound
- Date Produced - 2006
- Websites of Interest
- Shop for Keyboards, MIDI & Gear
Guitar Center: Synths and MIDI
Sweetwater: Hot items in Keyboars section
The Musician's Friend: Keyboard gear
AMS: Brand synths and accessories
The Woodwind & Brasswind Store
music123.com: Synth Blow Out Deal Section
zZounds: Keyboards and MIDI equipment
- Resources & Credits
Review by Jeremy Schwenke
Reviewed April 2010
Errors or Corrections? Send them here.


text:
Toggle: English / Spanish
Spasmus nutans is a disorder affecting infants and young children. It involves rapid, uncontrolled eye movements, head bobbing, and occasionally, abnormal positioning of the neck.
See also: Nystagmus
Most cases of spasmus nutans begin between age 4 months and 1 year. It usually goes away by itself in several months to years.
The cause is unknown, although it may be associated with other medical conditions. An association with iron or vitamin D deficiency has been suggested. Rarely, symptoms similar to spasmus nutans may be due to certain types of brain tumors or other serious conditions.
A neurologic examination confirms the presence of the symptoms.
Tests may include:
The benign form of spasmus nutans requires no treatment. If the symptoms are caused by another condition, that condition must be treated appropriately.
Usually, this disorder goes away on its own without treatment.
There are usually no complications.
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your child has rapid involuntary movements of the eyes or head nodding. The doctor will need to perform an exam to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms.
Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Disorders of eye movement and alignment. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 622.
Alper I. Dai, Oguzhan Saygili. Risk Factors in Spasmus Nutans. Adv Clin Exp Med 2011, 20, 2, 183–186.
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text:
Ireland isnt getting canned even if we lose the rest of the season
Ireland isnt getting canned even if we lose the rest of the season
Don't sleep on the fact that Carl Peterson and some of his old associates from KC like Bill Kuharich being possible replacements. I still believe the stories last year that Ireland liked McCoy, but Ross liked Philbin. How did Ross get the idea to like Philbin? My guess it was a seed planted via Peterson.
FYI, Peterson was in the owner's box with Ross last night as a "guest".
People are down on Peterson, but I never have been.
I am also not down on Brian Gaine or others connected with the Packers organization.
I do believe Ireland is out, but Joe stays...and he should stay. Some good things have occurred. The season is going to get ugly for him, but there are some signs he will succeed as a HC.
Former Kansas City Chiefs executive and friend of Dolphins owner Stephen Ross Carl Peterson attended Thursday nights game, and was in the press box at halftime.
Read more here: http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/11/1...#storylink=cpy
---------- Post added at 10:20 AM ---------- Previous post was at 10:19 AM ----------
If Philben is a casualty of war so be it.... GM is 95% of the issue with this team.


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Topic Title
- Interventions for Adult Offenders With Serious Mental Illness
Full Report
- Research Review Aug. 21, 2013
Related Products for this Topic
- Research Protocol Sept. 13, 2012
- Disposition of Comments Report Nov. 27, 2013
Executive Summary – Aug. 21, 2013
Interventions for Adult Offenders With Serious Mental Illness
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Archived: This report is greater than 3 years old. Findings may be used for research purposes, but should not be considered current.
Table of Contents
- Background
- Scope of This Review and Key Questions
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
- Full Report
- Tables
Numerous reports indicate that individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. This review focuses on offenders with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depression. Prevalence estimates of SMI among incarcerated adults range from 15 percent to 25 percent.1-3 These estimates are three to five times as high as in the general population, in which the prevalence of SMI ranges from 5 percent to 8 percent.4 In its report on prisons and offenders with mental illness, the organization Human Rights Watch indicated that up to 19 percent of adults in State prisons have significant psychiatric or functional disabilities.5 The National Commission on Correctional Health Care reported the following prevalence estimates of mental illness within State prisons:5
- Major depression, 13.1 percent to 18.6 percent
- Schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder, 2.3 percent to 3.9 percent
- Bipolar disorder, 2.1 percent to 4.3 percent
Research conducted in the United States found that between 28 percent and 52 percent of those with SMI have been arrested at least once.6
Jails and prisons have a constitutional obligation to provide treatment to inmates with serious medical and psychiatric conditions.7 The case of Ruiz v. Estelle set forth minimum requirements for providing mental health services in the U.S. correctional system.8 To receive accreditation from the American Correctional Association and the National Commission on Correctional Health Care, an adult correctional facility must provide all inmates with standard mental health screening and crisis and suicide intervention. More specialized mental health treatment generally varies depending on type of facility (e.g., jail vs. prison) and level of security (e.g., minimum vs. maximum). However, experts in the field recommend that all correctional facilities offer standard outpatient or inpatient mental health treatment, such as individual or group psychotherapy, psychotropic medication, and discharge planning.8,9
A 1997 study by Steadman and Veysey, however, indicated that few jails provide a range of services, with most providing only intake screening, mental health evaluations, and suicide prevention services (83%, 60%, and 73%, respectively, of 1,013 jails surveyed).10 Because prisons hold inmates for long periods of time (more than 1 year), they generally provide a greater range of services than jails do. However, the type and extent of treatment provided varies from prison to prison depending on factors that include regional location and funding. A survey of mental health services provided in U.S. prisons indicated that 77 percent provide access to inpatient care and 36 percent have specialized housing.11 According to Baillargeon and colleagues, the primary barrier to improving mental health treatment in adult correctional facilities is inadequate State funding.8
Overall, offenders with serious mental illness have slightly higher rates of recidivism than do offenders without mental illness. One study reported that 64 percent of offenders who were mentally ill were rearrested within 18 months of release; in offenders without mental illness, the rate was 60 percent.12 Another study that observed offenders who were mentally ill for an average of 39 months after release into the community found that "renewed involvement in the criminal justice system was the norm," with 41 percent being convicted of felonies, 61 percent being convicted of any crime, and 70 percent being convicted of new offenses or supervision violations.13
The literature suggests that recidivism among offenders with mental illness may be associated with poor coordination of services and treatment on release into the community.13 Most offenders with SMI are eligible for Medicaid or Medicare through Supplemental Security Income or Social Security Disability Insurance (during periods when they are not institutionalized).14 Some advocacy groups are concerned that terminating benefits during incarceration and waiting up to 90 days for benefits to be reinstated after release may contribute to treatment nonadherence and recidivism.14
High rates of incarceration and recidivism along with insufficient treatment options have led to considerable interest in improving the outcomes of offenders with SMI. A systematic review of the evidence on the comparative effectiveness of interventions intended to improve mental health and other outcomes of offenders with SMI could help individuals with SMI, family members, treatment providers, criminal justice administrators and staff, and possibly State and Federal policymakers make decisions about available treatment options.
This review is about interventions provided to offenders with SMI who are detained in a jail, prison, or forensic hospital or who are transitioning from one of these settings back to the community. This is an especially vulnerable population because "jails and prisons have cultures that often lead to maladaptive behaviors in offenders with SMI that subsequently undermine treatment" both in and out of incarceration settings.15
Scope of This Review and Key Questions
This report focuses on the comparative effectiveness of interventions provided to offenders with SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depression), with or without a co-occurring substance use disorder, during incarceration in jail, prison, or forensic hospital or during transition from incarceration in these settings to the community.
Jails house inmates who are awaiting adjudication of their cases or who are serving short-term sentences (less than 1 year) for minor offenses, prisons house inmates convicted of more serious crimes for longer durations, and forensic hospitals house offenders for varying lengths of time. Forensic hospitals are often specialized units within State-run psychiatric hospitals. Transitional interventions are usually initiated within 3 months of an inmate's release date and continue once he or she is back in the community (e.g., home/family, halfway house).
Programs designed to prevent or minimize incarceration, such as mobile crisis intervention teams or other interventions delivered at the point of contact with the police, are beyond the scope of this report. Also beyond the scope of this report are court-ordered, involuntary treatments intended to restore competency to stand trial and other postbooking strategies, such as mental health courts, designed to divert offenders with SMI to a treatment environment in lieu of incarceration.
An important goal of this comparative effectiveness review (CER) is to describe incarceration-based and incarceration-to-community transitional interventions in a manner that will allow treatment providers to replicate effective treatments and to identify gaps in the scientific literature for future research in the field.
This report has a broad target audience. The Evidence-based Practice Center reports and translation products produced for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) are intended for use by patients, providers, administrators, researchers, and sometimes policymakers.
This report addresses the following Key Questions (KQs):
Key Question 1. What is the comparative effectiveness of interventions applied within a jail, prison, or forensic hospital setting for adults with SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depression) with or without a co-occurring alcohol/substance abuse diagnosis? Is there a difference in the comparative effectiveness of interventions based on the setting (jail, prison, forensic hospital) in which the interventions are provided?
Key Question 2. What is the comparative effectiveness of incarceration-to-community transitional interventions for adults with SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depression) with or without a co-occurring alcohol/substance abuse diagnosis? Is there a difference in the comparative effectiveness of interventions based on the setting (jail to community, prison to community, forensic hospital to community) in which the interventions are provided?
Analytic Framework
Figure A depicts the population, treatment, and intermediate- and patient-oriented outcomes that are assessed in this report. On the left side of the figure we list the populations of interest: adults with SMI with or without a co-occurring alcohol or substance abuse diagnosis who are involved in one of the criminal justice system settings of interest. KQ1 compares interventions within an incarceration setting (i.e., jail, prison, or forensic hospital) or the same intervention applied across incarceration settings. KQ2 compares interventions provided during the transition from incarceration (i.e., jail, prison, forensic hospital) to the community (e.g., home/family, halfway house). For KQ2, the comparisons are different interventions applied within an incarceration-to-community transitional setting, the same intervention applied across settings, or an incarceration intervention compared with an incarceration-to-community transitional intervention. We gathered information on any treatment-related adverse events. "Intermediate outcomes," which may lead to improved patient-oriented outcomes, include adherence to treatment recommendations and mental health service access or use.
To the far right of the diagram we list the patient-oriented outcomes assessed: suicide and suicide attempts, quality of life, independent functioning, psychiatric symptoms, new mental health diagnosis, substance or alcohol use, hospitalization for SMI, time to rehospitalization, time to relapse, dangerousness to others, and recidivism and other criminal justice outcomes.
This report focuses on a population of adults (18 years of age or older) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depression with or without a co-occurring substance abuse disorder who had been found guilty of a crime or found not guilty by reason of insanity or its equivalent and who had been incarcerated for a minimum of 24 hours in one of the settings of interest. Diagnosis must have been made based on clinical assessment or a validated instrument administered by a trained professional. For this report, self-report alone does not qualify an individual as having an SMI.
A variety of interventions that appeared in the literature were considered for inclusion in this report, provided they were directed toward the population of interest, intended to improve mental health outcomes, and delivered within the treatment settings of interest to this report. Ultimately, this review assessed the following incarceration-based interventions:
- Pharmacologic therapy with clozapine, risperidone, or chlorpromazine
- Psychological therapies, including cognitive skills training in the form of Reasoning and Rehabilitation and group cognitive therapy
- Comprehensive interventions for individuals with a dual diagnosis, including modified therapeutic community (MTC) with or without an aftercare component and MTC tailored to the needs of female offenders
For offenders transitioning from incarceration to community, this review assessed the following interventions:
- High-fidelity integrated dual disorder treatment (IDDT)
- The Mentally Ill Offender Community Transition Program
- Discharge planning interventions that included assistance applying for mental health benefits
- Interventions coordinated and/or administered by specially trained forensic providers
- Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
For KQ1, the comparators were usual care or any one of the interventions identified in the literature applied within a jail, prison, or forensic hospital setting or the same intervention applied across settings. For KQ2, the comparators were usual care or any interventions identified in the literature applied in an incarceration-to-community transitional setting, the same intervention applied across settings, or an incarceration intervention compared with an incarceration-to-community transitional intervention.
For both incarceration-based and incarceration-to-community transitioning interventions, the outcomes of interest to this report are suicide and suicide attempts, quality of life, independent functioning, psychiatric symptoms, new mental health diagnosis, substance or alcohol use, hospitalization for SMI, time to rehospitalization, time to relapse, dangerousness to others, and recidivism and other criminal justice outcomes.
Time Point
We required a minimum followup of 3 months for studies included in this report.
For KQ1, the intervention settings were jail, prison, and forensic hospital. For KQ2, the settings were jail to community, prison to community, and forensic hospital to community. Release to the community includes direct release to home or family and release to a transitional setting (e.g., halfway house, work release program).16
Review Team
A three-person team conducted the systematic review. Although each member of the team has a background in behavioral health and has worked with individuals with SMI and co-occurring substance use disorders, none of the members is currently working with or within the criminal justice system or any other organization that may have an interest in this report. Each member of the team has experience performing systematic reviews of behavioral health and health care evidence.
Mental health clinicians, representatives from the criminal justice system, and policymakers from both the behavioral health and criminal justice fields were involved as Key Informants and/or members of the Technical Expert Panel (TEP). These groups provided input on the KQs, reviewed the protocol, answered specific questions during the review process, and reviewed the document.
Topic Development and Refinement
In November 2010, a patient advocacy group and a national organization for psychiatry nominated this topic. Topic triage and refinement occurred between February 2011 and April 2011. We enlisted five Key Informants to help refine the KQs and determine the scope of the report. AHRQ posted the KQs for public comment for a 4-week period ending February 15, 2012.
Following the public posting period, the authors further refined the protocol based on feedback from the TEP. The TEP comprised an associate director of a forensic fellowship program; a former mental health director for a State department of corrections; three Ph.D.-level professors teaching in the areas of social policy and correctional mental health; a State health services director; two methodologists; and a professor of psychiatry, of medicine, and of law. The protocol was put in final form in April 2012.
Experts in the systematic review process, and criminal justice and psychiatry fields, as well as individuals representing stakeholder and user communities, including manufacturers of the medications assessed in this report, were invited to provide peer review of this CER. AHRQ and an associate editor also provided comments. AHRQ posted the draft report on its Web site for 4 weeks to elicit public and manufacturer comments. We addressed all reviewer comments, revising the text as appropriate, and documented everything in a "disposition of comments report" that will be made available 3 months after the Agency posts the final CER on the AHRQ Web site.
Search Strategy
We searched 12 external and internal resources, including MEDLINE®, PreMEDLINE®, Embase, the Cochrane Library (including the Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Methodology Reviews, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, the Health Technology Assessment Database, the United Kingdom National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, PsycINFO®, National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts Service, and ProQuest Criminal Justice for controlled studies on interventions for adults with SMI who are involved in the criminal justice system. We also examined the bibliographies of included studies, scanned the content of new issues of selected journals, and reviewed gray literature for additional relevant articles.
Our searches covered the time period January 1, 1990, through April 1, 2012. We updated the literature searches through August 20, 2012, during the public posting period. In total, we identified 4,587 titles and reviewed 3,776 abstracts for possible inclusion in the report. Library staff used search terms that represented populations, settings, and interventions of interest and included concepts such as SMI, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, dual diagnoses, jails, prisons, community reentry, assertive community treatment (ACT), case management, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), IDDT, and MTC. See Appendix A, Literature Search Methods, in the full report for a complete list of terms and resources searched.
Study Selection
The main criteria for study selection were randomized trials or nonrandomized comparative trials that employed a matching procedure to ensure baseline comparability of treatment groups. The trials must have assessed either two or more of the interventions of interest or an intervention of interest versus standard of care; have enrolled a minimum of 75 percent of subjects with SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, major depression, or bipolar disorder); been published in English and conducted in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, New Zealand or Australia; reported at least one mental health outcome; and included a minimum followup period of 3 months.
Data Extraction and Management
Two members of the review team reviewed all abstracts of identified articles. We obtained for full review any articles that met the inclusion criteria for at least one KQ. We also retrieved full articles in cases in which there was a disagreement between the two abstract reviewers. Two people screened each full article. We used DistillerSR® Web-based systematic review software for abstract screening and full-article screening. Each team member's data extraction was reviewed by one other team member.
Individual Study Risk-of-Bias Assessment
We assessed the risk of bias (i.e., internal validity) separately for each outcome for each study. Our risk-of-bias assessment included the following: randomization, blinding of outcome assessors, concurrently administered treatments, objective or subjective outcome measurement, and funding source. Two reviewers independently performed the risk-of-bias assessment. Disagreements were resolved by consensus and/or by a third reviewer.
We categorized each study as "low," "medium," or "high" risk of bias. To be considered low risk of bias, the study must have been a randomized trial that either assessed an objective outcome or had a blinded outcome assessor, maintained treatment fidelity (which indicates how well an intervention reproduces a model or protocol), had a similar followup period for both treatment arms, and had a low rate of attrition in all treatment arms. High risk-of-bias trials used patient or clinician preference to determine group membership and had an unblinded outcome assessor assessing a subjective outcome. All other trials were graded as medium risk of bias. For this report, 15 of the 16 included trials received a medium risk-of-bias rating and 1 received a low risk-of-bias grade for all reported outcomes.
Data Synthesis
From each included study, we extracted all important information about study design, patients, and reported data. Because the populations, interventions, and outcome measures were heterogeneous, they did not lend themselves to a pooled analysis, so we chose to explore the data using a narrative, qualitative analysis. One team member qualitatively synthesized the data, and a second team member reviewed the synthesis. Disagreements were resolved through consensus or by a third team member.
If data from a study permitted, we calculated individual study effect-size estimates. The choice of effect-size metric depended on whether reported outcomes were continuous or dichotomous. Pre-post treatment differences and posttreatment differences in outcomes measured using continuous data (e.g., scores on psychological tests) were calculated as the standardized mean difference. We computed baseline adjusted values using a pre-post correlation of 0.5. For dichotomous outcomes, we used the odds ratio as the measure of effect size; values greater than 1 favored the experimental group, and values less than 1 favored the control group. For all effect- size metrics, we computed 95-percent confidence intervals (CIs) using standard methods.
We report the results of our analysis along with additional analysis reported by the authors of the studies in the Results section under each KQ. We used calculated effect-size estimates to help determine the overall strength of the evidence. See the next section for further details about our strength-of-evidence assessment.
For each outcome in the review, an important consideration is the smallest difference between groups that can still be considered clinically significant (minimum important difference). This definition aids interpretation in two main ways: (1) to determine whether a statistically significant difference is clearly clinically significant and (2) to determine whether a statistically nonsignificant difference is small enough to exclude the possibility of a clinically significant difference.
For the quality-of-life parameter, we used established values for a clinically significant difference (e.g., Short Form 36, mental health subscale—5 points).17 For all other outcomes assessed on a scale in this report, we defined the minimum important difference as an odds ratio of 1.39, which corresponds to a Hedges' g of 0.2, using the formula recommended by Sánchez-Meca and colleagues.18 For the suicide outcome, we considered any statistically significant difference to meet the standard of a clinically significant difference.
Grading the Evidence for Each Key Question
We assessed the strength of evidence by following the guidelines from the AHRQ "Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews."19 We judged the evidence for each major mental health outcome according to four core domains: risk of bias, consistency, directness, and precision. Our methods for judging risk of bias of individual studies are described above; we took the median risk of bias of the relevant studies to assign an overall risk of bias.
Consistency is the similarity in effect sizes or direction of an effect of different studies in an evidence base. An inconsistent evidence base is one in which the studies report conflicting results. Consistency cannot be assessed when a body of evidence has only a single study (consistency is unknown). Directness refers to whether there is a direct link between the intervention and the ultimate health outcome. Precision is a measure of the degree of certainty around a single outcome's effect size. In this report, we define a "precise" result as one in which the data were informative (the CI around the effect size clearly indicated there was a difference between groups) and an "imprecise" result as one in which the data were not informative (the CI was too wide to determine that the groups differed).
The various domains were considered together, along with the size of the evidence base, to grade the evidence for the outcome as "high," "medium," or "low." To receive a grade of low or better, at least two studies must have reported consistent results for the same outcome.
Applicability Assessment
Applicability assessment refers to how generalizable findings are to other populations and settings. To assess applicability, we abstracted data from each included study on factors that could affect its applicability. Using the PICOTS (populations, interventions, comparators, outcomes, timing, and setting) approach as a guide, we primarily focused on the following three most relevant categories:
- Population—demographic characteristics, comorbidity of substance abuse diagnosis, criminal history
- Intervention and comparators—pharmacologic intervention, psychological intervention, dual diagnoses, discharge planning with benefit assistance, and generalist- versus specialist-provided treatments; the comparator was usually standard of care
- Setting—place of incarceration, rural versus urban
Based on a review of the data abstracted, we narratively summarized any patterns reflected from these factors that might affect the applicability of the evidence. Our narrative summaries are intended to draw stakeholders' attention to potential limitations in the applicability of the evidence.
Our searches of the literature identified 4,587 potentially relevant articles, and we excluded 811 of these at the title level. We excluded another 3,214 articles at the abstract level and 543 articles at the level of full-length article review, typically because they were irrelevant to our KQs; were background, review, commentary, or protocol articles; were not comparative trials; were not conducted within a country of interest to this report; or had populations that were not primarily SMI. The remaining 19 publications describing 16 unique studies made up the evidence base for this review. We present results by KQ.
KQ1. Interventions Applied Within Jail, Prison, or Forensic Hospital Settings
Nine studies with medium risk of bias addressed KQ1. See Table A for a summary of our main findings. Low strength of evidence favored treatment with antipsychotics other than clozapine over treatment with clozapine. For all other interventions assessed in KQ1, the evidence was insufficient to conclude that there was any difference in effectiveness.
Four trials tested the efficacy of pharmacologic therapies. Two trials compared clozapine with other antipsychotics. In both of these trials, the non–clozapine-treated subjects did better than the clozapine-treated subjects, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. One of the two trials reported that clozapine was associated with neutropenia and seizures. One trial each assessed risperidone and chlorpromazine.
Investigators compared cognitive therapy with other psychological treatment in three trials. Two trials found an improvement in some measures of psychiatric symptoms among those who received cognitive therapy compared with those measures in subjects who received other psychological treatment. The other study did not find a difference by treatment group.
Comparing MTC with standard treatment, two trials found no between-group differences in psychiatric symptoms. Results were mixed regarding MTC's ability to reduce substance use and recidivism.
KQ2. Incarceration-to-Community Transitional Interventions
Six trials with medium risk of bias and one trial with low risk of bias assessed the comparative effectiveness of treatments in the incarceration-to-community transitional setting. One of these trials was categorized as both a discharge planning and IDDT trial. See Table B for a summary of our main findings.
We assigned a low strength-of-evidence grade for the following findings. Two trials found that providing assistance with the medical-benefit application as part of the discharge planning process, whether alone or in combination with other interventions, was an effective method for increasing service use in the first 90 days after release. In two trials comparing IDDT with other non–dual-diagnosis treatments, psychiatric hospitalizations were lower and service use greater, both during incarceration and on release, among clients who received IDDT.
Evidence was insufficient to draw a conclusion about the comparative effectiveness of treatments administered by forensic specialists versus treatment by non–forensic specialists for psychiatric symptomology, psychiatric hospitalization, substance abuse, quality of life, and completed suicide because only one trial reported these outcomes. We also found the evidence to be insufficient to draw a conclusion about the comparative effectiveness of IPT versus psychoeducation for psychiatric symptomatology and substance abuse because only one trial assessed these interventions.
Key Findings and Strength of Evidence
For KQ1, the incarceration setting, evidence of low strength favored antipsychotic treatment with an antipsychotic medication other than clozapine for improving psychiatric symptoms. Evidence was insufficient that any of the other treatments assessed (other pharmacologic therapies, cognitive therapy, and MTC) differed in effectiveness from their comparators. More research is needed to better assess the efficacy of these treatments.
Three ongoing trials are examining three of the treatments assessed in this review. One trial is testing the efficacy of paliperidone palmitate compared with the efficacy of oral antipsychotic treatments in delaying time to treatment failure for individuals with schizophrenia who have been incarcerated. The second trial is comparing the efficacy of MTC reentry compared with the efficacy of case management and parole supervision. The third trial is assessing the effectiveness of IPT for male and female prisoners with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
For KQ2, the incarceration-to-community transition setting, limited evidence showed that discharge planning with benefit-application assistance increased the use of mental health services on release from incarceration. Limited evidence also demonstrated that IDDTs were more effective than standard treatments in reducing psychiatric hospitalizations and increasing mental health service use both during and on release from incarceration.
Two studies assessed the efficacy of treatments provided by forensic specialists versus mental health generalists. However, because only one trial reported any outcome of interest, we found the evidence insufficient to draw a conclusion. More research is needed to better assess the impact of provider type on treatment outcomes. However, one ongoing trial is testing the efficacy of forensic assertive community treatment (FACT) with enhanced outpatient treatment for individuals with a psychotic disorder who are facing criminal charges but who have not yet been sentenced. This trial was scheduled to be completed in May 2013.
A single trial assessed the effectiveness of IPT versus psychoeducation for KQ2. Because only one trial assessed this treatment comparison, we found the evidence insufficient to draw a conclusion.
Our searches identified 10 previous systematic reviews and 3 guidelines relevant to this report. (See Table G1 in Appendix G and Table H1 in Appendix H of the full report.) Two comprehensive systematic reviews have been conducted on interventions for offenders with SMI; however, neither review described the interventions assessed in their included studies and both conducted meta-analyses based on a single treatment component (e.g., presence or absence of a homework component).20,21
Two systematic reviews examined the effectiveness of pharmacologic therapy for treating offenders with mental illness. Griffiths and colleagues found that using more than one psychotropic medication simultaneously was a common practice in prison, as was prescribing medication at doses above the recommended maximum daily amount.22 Huband and colleagues examined the effectiveness of antiepileptic pharmacotherapy among prisoners with personality disorders and in other individuals requiring treatment for recurrent aggression. These researchers identified one study demonstrating that high-dose diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) was superior to low-dose phenytoin at reducing the intensity and frequency of aggressive outbursts.23 In our review, the one study that assessed chlorpromazine at either high or standard dosages found more side effects among patients on the higher dosage.
Another systematic review examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions on reoffending behavior in male offender populations. Nagi and Davies performed a qualitative synthesis of the evidence and concluded that CBT was the most effective treatment and the most commonly offered treatment in low-security forensic settings.24 Our review did not find cognitive therapy to be more effective than other standard psychological treatment. Nagi and Davies excluded studies assessing the effectiveness of these interventions in women and reported only criminal justice outcomes, which may explain why their conclusions differed from ours.
A final systematic review examined the effectiveness of MTC compared with standard of care. However, the review by S. Sacks and colleagues included only studies conducted by themselves. They reported that, based on a qualitative synthesis, MTC was superior to standard of care in improving both mental health and criminal justice outcomes.25 Our review identified too much heterogeneity in the study populations included in the S. Sacks and colleagues systematic review to comfortably combine them in an analysis.
In the incarceration setting, one guideline each addressed pharmacologic therapy for offenders with schizophrenia and with major depressive disorder. In 2009, the National Commission on Correctional Health Care and Applied Clinical Education recommended that drug selection for incarcerated schizophrenics mirror drug selection for nonoffending schizophrenics living in the community.26 Also in 2009, the Federal Bureau of Prisons recommended pharmacotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with major depressive disorder and stated that psychotherapy should be considered only an adjunctive treatment in this population.27 The third guideline related to treating individuals with SMI living in community correctional settings. Six interventions were identified as being likely to benefit this population. They are ACT, Self-Management and Recovery, integrated dual-diagnosis services, supported employment, psychopharmacology, and family psychoeducation.28
The main findings of this review are presented in Tables A and B for all interventions assessed in this report. In most cases, the evidence was insufficient to draw a conclusion.
Findings may be applicable only to inmates with similar characteristics to those studied. In all of the pharmacologic therapy studies, the patients had a psychotic disorder, and most had a history of violence and aggression. Further, these studies took place in forensic hospitals or specialized units in which patients may have been more carefully observed for adverse events. This is important because clozapine and high-dose chlorpromazine are associated with serious adverse events, and patients on these medications need to undergo periodic blood tests and be closely monitored. Such attention may not be available in larger jails or prisons.
In the three studies testing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on male offenders, one study enrolled only offenders with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, a history of violence, and no cognitive deficits. The second study enrolled offenders with a diagnosis of depression who were not receiving any other treatment, including antidepressant medication. The third study enrolled patients with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, more than half of whom had a history of violence. The findings of these studies may not be applicable to female inmates.
Of the two studies that evaluated MTC, one included only men and the other included only women in a women's correctional facility. The women-only MTC treatment was tailored to meet the additional needs of its participants, including issues of trauma and abuse, parenting, and relationships. The findings of each study indicated differences in how men and women responded to this treatment.
In both of the studies of discharge planning with benefit-application assistance, the population was made up of young men with SMI, about half of whom were white. About one-third had an earlier or current conviction for violent crime. These are the only participant characteristics that were reported by both trials. The findings presented here may be applicable only to this subset of inmates. Almost 90 percent of subjects in one of these trials had a co-occurring chemical dependence or abuse diagnosis and just over half had a co-occurring personality disorder.
The three studies that tested the efficacy of IDDT for inmates reentering the community enrolled middle-aged men, between 36 and 50 years of age, of mixed ethnic backgrounds. In two of the three trials, about 40 percent had a current or earlier conviction for violent crime. In the third trial, participants had less criminal justice involvement. The rate of co-occurring personality disorders varied from study to study.
Two trials compared results of treatment provided by a specialist with results of treatment by a mental health generalist. These trials enrolled mostly males with SMI in their early to mid-30s and with a significant criminal history. Twenty-five percent to 50 percent of enrollees in these trials had a substance abuse disorder.
The single study that assessed IPT versus psychoeducation enrolled 38 female prisoners who were preparing to reenter the community. The women were in their mid-30s and had both a major depressive disorder and a substance abuse diagnosis. No other patient characteristics were reported.
Research Gaps
Overall, we identified few comparative trials that assessed treatments for offenders with SMI. Below we outline research gaps based on the PICOS (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and setting) framework.
Female and Mood-Disordered Incarcerated Research Participants
For treatments administered in the incarceration setting, all but one of the included trials enrolled only male offenders. The exception was an MTC intervention tailored to female offenders. It was one of only two trials to enroll offenders with bipolar disorder; we found that most of the included trials, including all of the pharmacologic therapy trials, enrolled patients with schizophrenia and/or schizoaffective disorder. Offenders with depression were also underrepresented in the included studies for KQ1. About 60 percent of the participants in the MTC intervention for women had a diagnosis of depression; 100 percent of those in the study assessing group cognitive therapy were depressed. Additional studies of MTC interventions, pharmacologic therapy, and cognitive therapy would be useful for guiding treatment of female offenders and those with primary mood disorders.
For treatments administered in the incarceration-to-community transitional setting, the studies were fairly representative of offenders regardless of their sex, ethnicity, or SMI diagnosis. However, very few treatments were studied in this setting. For example, we found no trials of medication initiated during incarceration and continued in the community.
None of the trials that addressed KQ1 was conducted in a jail setting. More research is needed on the effectiveness of MTC interventions, pharmacologic therapy, and cognitive therapy for offenders with SMI who have longer stays (several months) in a jail setting.
Comparative Trials of Other Commonly Used Interventions
Studies of videoconferencing versus face-to-face psychiatric care would be helpful for guiding treatment of offenders with SMI. For example, one systematic review by Khalifa and colleagues reported that videoconferencing appears to be an effective treatment in incarceration settings.29 However, no comparative trials of videoconferencing were identified in our searches.
Balanced Reporting of All Interventions Assessed
The trials that addressed KQ1 described the treatment of interest in detail but provided very little information about the comparator treatment. In one of the clozapine trials, the study author did not provide any more detail than that clozapine was being compared with other antipsychotics. The clozapine trials did not report the dosage of the antipsychotic comparators. More detailed information about comparators is needed to permit replication of existing studies and to ensure that studies use the best comparator available. These trials also failed to report how patients who did not respond to treatment were handled during the enrollment phase.
The trials that addressed KQ2 described the treatment of interest in detail but provided very little information about the comparator treatment, the educational level or training of the providers, and whether ancillary treatments were also received by study participants. Research that provides a more balanced description of both trial arms would facilitate greater understanding of treatment choices.
Standardization of Assessment Tools and Patient-Oriented Outcome Reporting
Investigators used different assessment tools for measuring the same outcome. More standardization, including the use of validated assessment instruments, is needed. Patient-centered outcomes would be highly relevant to patients and clinicians; unfortunately, such outcomes were not reported. Some of our main findings for KQ2 relate to treatments that improve mental health service use. However, based on the available evidence, we cannot determine whether increased service use led to improved patient outcomes, such as a decrease in psychiatric symptoms.
Ongoing Trials
We identified six ongoing comparative trials—five randomized controlled trials and one retrospective comparison—of the following interventions:
- Critical time intervention versus enhanced reentry services for men with mental illness leaving prison
- Massachusetts Department of Mental Health Forensic Transition Team versus treatment as usual for offenders with SMI
- FACT versus enhanced outpatient followup without judicial monitoring in psychotic offenders
- IPT plus treatment as usual versus treatment as usual alone for male and female offenders with major depressive disorder
- Monthly paliperidone palmitate injection versus oral antipsychotic treatments in delaying time to treatment failure for incarcerated individuals with schizophrenia
- MTC versus standard case management and parole supervision for prisoners with dual diagnoses
Once published, additional evidence from these trials may permit more robust conclusions regarding these interventions. See Table I-1 in Appendix I of the full report for more detail.
We identified only a few comparative trials assessing interventions for offenders with SMI in an incarceration or incarceration-to-community transitional setting. The trials lacked consistency in treatment comparisons and varied in how they applied the same treatment, in how they combined treatments, and in the outcomes they reported. Therefore, for most outcomes, we graded the strength of evidence as insufficient for both the incarceration and incarceration-to-community transitional settings.
In summary, in an incarceration setting, treatment with antipsychotics other than clozapine appears to improve psychiatric symptoms more than treatment with clozapine. However, this conclusion is based on two trials that poorly described both the treatment and its comparator. Likewise, discharge planning with benefit-application assistance appears to increase mental health service use for incarcerated individuals with SMI preparing to reenter the community. Again, this conclusion is based on only two trials, and whether increased service use will lead to improved patient outcomes remains unclear. IDDT also appears to be a promising intervention for reducing psychiatric hospitalization in offenders returning to the community, but replication of this research could increase our confidence in the finding.
- Torrey EF, Kennard AD, Eslinger D, et al. More Mentally Ill Persons Are in Jails and Prisons than Hospitals: A Survey of the States. Alexandria, VA: National Sheriffs' Association, Treatment Advocacy Center; 2010 May. www.treatmentadvocacycenter.org/storage/documents/final_jails_v_hospitals_study.pdf.
- Dickson KK, Sigurdson C, Miller PS. Improving Psychiatric Care in the Minnesota Corrections System: The Minnesota Psychiatric Society and the Minnesota Department of Corrections Engage in Ongoing Dialogue. St. Paul (MN): Minnesota Psychiatric Society; 2006.
- James DJ, Glaze LE. Mental Health Problems of Prison and Jail Inmates. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice; Sept. 2006. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/mhppji.pdf.
- State estimates of adult mental illness. In: National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Oct. 2011. Accessed Oct. 7, 2011. http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k11/078/WEB_SR_078_HTML.pdf.
- Abramsky S, Fellner J. Ill-Equipped: U.S. Prisons and Offenders With Mental Illness. New York: Human Rights Watch; 2003. www.hrw.org/en/reports/2003/10/21/ill-equipped.
- Sirotich F. The criminal justice outcomes of jail diversion programs for persons with mental illness: a review of the evidence. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2009;37(4):461-72. PMID: 20018995.
- Veysey BM, Bichler-Robertson G. Providing psychiatric services in correctional settings. In: Health Status of Soon-to-Be Released Inmates, vol. 2, Report to Congress. Chicago: National Commission on Correctional Health Care; 2002:1-9.
- Baillargeon J, Hoge SK, Penn JV. Addressing the challenge of community reentry among released inmates with serious mental illness. Am J Community Psychol. 2010 Dec;46(3-4):361-75. PMID: 20865315.
- Standards for Health Services in Jails. Chicago: National Commission on Correctional Health Care; 2008.
- Steadman HJ, Veysey BM. Providing Services for Jail Inmates With Mental Disorders. National Institute of Justice Research in Brief; Jan. 1997. www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/162207.pdf.
- Prevalence of Serious Mental Illness Among U.S. Adults by Age, Sex, and Race. National Institute of Mental Health. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Accessed Nov. 7, 2011. www.nimh.nih.gov/statistics/SMI_AASR.shtml.
- Lovell D, Gagliardi GJ, Peterson PD. Recidivism and use of services among persons with mental illness after release from prison. Psychiatr Serv. 2002 Oct;53(10):1290-6. PMID: 12364677.
- Cloyes KG, Wong B, Latimer S, et al. Time to prison return for offenders with serious mental illness released from prison. A survival analysis. Crim Justice Behav. 2010 Feb;37(2):175-87. http://cjb.sagepub.com/content/37/2/175.abstract.
- Morrissey JP, Dalton KM, Steadman HJ, et al. Assessing gaps between policy and practice in Medicaid disenrollment of jail detainees with severe mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2006 Jun;57(6):803-8. PMID: 16754756.
- Hoge SK, Buchanan AW, Kovasznay BM, et al. Outpatient Services for the Mentally Ill Involved in the Criminal Justice System. A Report of the Task Force on Outpatient Forensic Services. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; Oct. 15, 2009. www.law.uchicago.edu/files/file/outpatient-crimjustice.pdf.
- Edens JF, Peters RH, Hills HA. Treating prison inmates with co-occurring disorders: an integrative review of existing programs. Behav Sci Law. 1997 Autumn;15(4):439-57. PMID: 9433747.
- O'Reilly R, Bishop J, Maddox K, et al. Is telepsychiatry equivalent to face-to-face psychiatry? Results from a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Psychiatr Serv. 2007 Jun;58(6):836-43. PMID: 17535945.
- Sanchez-Meca J, Marin-Martinez F, Chacon-Moscoso S. Effect-size indices for dichotomized outcomes in meta-analysis. Psychol Methods. 2003 Dec;8(4):448-67. PMID: 14664682.
- Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Publication No. 10(11)-EHC063-EF. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; March 2011. Chapters available at www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov.
- Morgan RD, Flora DB, Kroner DG, et al. Treating offenders with mental illness: a research synthesis. Law Hum Behav. 2012 Feb;36(1):37-50.
- Martin MS, Dorken SK, Wamboldt AD, et al. Stopping the revolving door: a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of interventions for criminally involved individuals with major mental disorders. Law Hum Behav. 2011 Mar 5; Epub ahead of print. PMID: 21380580.
- Griffiths EV, Willis J, Spark MJ. A systematic review of psychotropic drug prescribing for prisoners. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2012 May;46(5):407-21. PMID: 22535291.
- Huband N, Ferriter M, Nathan R, et al. Antiepileptics for aggression and associated impulsivity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(2):CD003499. PMID: 20166067.
- Nagi C, Davies J. Addressing offending risk in low secure mental health services for men: a descriptive review of available evidence. Br J Forensic Pract. 2010 Feb;12(1):38-47.
- Sacks S, McKendrick K, Sacks JY, et al. Modified therapeutic community for co-occurring disorders: single investigator meta analysis. Subst Abuse. 2010 Jul;31(3):146-61. PMID: 20687003.
- Caring for Individuals With Schizophrenia in Correctional Settings and Beyond. Chicago: National Commission on Correctional Health Care; 2009.
- Federal Bureau of Prisons. Management of Major Depressive Disorder. Federal Bureau of Prisons Clinical Practice Guideline. Washington: U.S. Department of Justice; Aug. 2009. www.bop.gov/news/medresources.jsp.
- Improving Outcomes for People With Mental Illnesses Under Community Corrections Supervision: A Guide to Research-Informed Policy and Practice. New York: Council of State Governments Justice Center; 2009. http://consensusproject.org/downloads/community.corrections.research.guide.pdf.
- Khalifa N, Saleem Y, Stankard P. The use of telepsychiatry within forensic practice: a literature review on the use of videolink. J Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. 2008 Mar;19(1):2-13.
Full Report
This executive summary is part of the following document: Fontanarosa J, Uhl S, Oyesanmi O, Schoelles KM. Interventions for Adult Offenders With Serious Mental Illness. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 121. (Prepared by the ECRI Institute Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10063-I.) AHRQ Publication No. 13-EHC107-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; August 2013.
|Risk of Bias
|SOE Grade
|Note: Consistency is rated "unknown" when only 1 study is available.
BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; MVQ = Maudsley Violence Questionnaire; N = number of subjects; NOSIE = Nurses' Observational Scale for Inpatient Evaluation; R&R = Reasoning and Rehabilitation; SDAS = Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale; SOE = strength of evidence; SPSI = Social Problem Solving Inventory.
|Clozapine vs. other antipsychotics
|Psychiatric symptoms
|Medium (2 trials, N = 171)
|Low in favor of the nonclozapine group
|Clozapine vs. other antipsychotics
|Independent functioning
|Medium (1 trial, N = 98)
|Risperidone vs. other antipsychotics
|Psychiatric symptoms; institutional infractions
|Medium (1 trial, N = 20)
|High-dose chlorpromazine vs. standard dose
|Psychiatric symptoms
|Medium (1 trial, N = 64)
|Precise for BPRS, subscales of NOSIE, general and peak SDAS, and adverse events
|Cognitive problem-solving group (R&R) vs. treatment as usual
|Psychiatric symptoms
|Medium (2 trials, N = 205)
|Unknown (different measures used)
|Precise for impulsive/ carelessness and avoidant subscales of the SPSI and MVQ
|Cognitive group therapy vs. individual supportive therapy
|Psychiatric symptoms
|Medium (1 trial, N = 10)
|Modified therapeutic community vs. intensive outpatient
|Psychiatric symptoms
|Medium (1 trial, N = 468)
|Modified therapeutic community vs. intensive outpatient
|Substance use or abuse
|Medium (1 trial, N = 468)
|Modified therapeutic community vs. intensive outpatient
|Criminal justice outcomes
|Medium (1 trial, N = 468)
|Precise for reduction in arrests for crimes other than parole violations at 6?month followup
|Modified therapeutic community vs. standard mental health treatment
|Psychiatric symptoms; criminal justice outcomes
|Medium (1 trial, N = 139)
|Modified therapeutic community vs. standard mental health treatment
|Substance use or abuse
|Medium (1 trial, N = 139)
|Precise for all measures of substance use/abuse including reduction in use, severity of use, and time to relapse
|Risk of Bias
|SOE Grade
|a Intermediate outcome.
Note: Consistency is rated "unknown" when only 1 study is available.
N = number of subjects; SOE = strength of evidence.
|Discharge planning with benefit-application assistance vs. no application assistance
|Mental health service use on releasea
|Medium (2 trials, N = 814)
|Low in favor of discharge planning with benefit-application assistance
|Intensive jail treatment followed by high-fidelity integrated dual disorder treatment vs. intensive jail treatment followed by treatment as usual
|Psychiatric symptoms
|Medium (1 trial, N = 182)
|Integrated dual disorder treatment vs. treatment as usual in the community
|Psychiatric hospitalization
|Medium (2 trials, N = 460)
|Low in favor of integrated dual disorder treatment
|Mentally ill chemical abuser treatment vs. treatment as usual
|Medium (1 trial, N = 278)
|Mentally ill chemical abuser treatment vs. treatment as usual
|Medication adherencea
|Medium (1 trial, N = 278)
|Mentally ill chemical abuser treatment vs. treatment as usual
|Substance use
|Medium (1 trial, N = 278)
|Integrated dual disorder treatment vs. treatment as usual in the community
|Mental health service use on releasea
|Medium (2 trials, N = 310)
|Low in favor of integrated dual disorder treatment
|Integrated dual disorder treatment vs. treatment as usual
|Mental health service use during incarcerationa
|Medium (2 trials, N = 406)
|Low in favor of integrated dual disorder treatment
|Mentally ill chemical abuser treatment vs. treatment as usual
|Institutional infractions
|Medium (1 trial, N = 278)
|Assertive community treatment vs. forensic specialist vs. treatment as usual
|Psychiatric symptoms; substance use/abuse; quality of life
|Medium (1 trial, N = 176)
|Forensic specialist vs. general mental health services
|Psychiatric hospitalization; completed suicide
|Medium (1 trial, N = 1,061)
|Interpersonal therapy vs. psychoeducation
|Psychiatric symptoms; substance abuse
|Low (1 trial, N = 38)


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Community Information
We know there's more to life than studying. When you're ready to take a break from the books, you'll find plenty of recreational, cultural and sports opportunities in Ft. Stewart.
Fort Stewart is the largest Army installation east of the Mississippi River and home of the 3d Infantry Division (Mech). Fort Stewart's nearest and largest neighbor is Hinesville, a town of over 26,435 according to the 1990 census which is situated immediately outside the post's main gate. Hinesville is the county seat of historic Liberty County. Historical sites and tourist attractions include the "Old Jail" on Hinesville's Main Street built in 1882. Ties between Fort Stewart and Hinesville are close and friendly with soldiers taking an active part in civic organizations and projects in Hinesville. Also noted are the famous men from Georgia who were the signers of the Declaration of Independence -- Button Gwinnett and Dr. Lyman Hall.
Take a look at the current weather information.


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When Episode I's Teaser was released my jaw droped and my mouth watered. Anakin's Pod Racer cruising through the Tatooine desert, Battle Droids and of course the dual: Obi-Wan vs Darth Maul.
What are you looking forward to seeing in the Teaser?
When Episode I's Teaser was released my jaw droped and my mouth watered. Anakin's Pod Racer cruising through the Tatooine desert, Battle Droids and of course the dual: Obi-Wan vs Darth Maul.
What are you looking forward to seeing in the Teaser?
The Force is strong with this one.
Of course, that's my opinion I could be wrong.
Several things that I am really concerned about for the success of the movie:
1) Hayden acting: At least 2 or 3 sentences of shared dialog with another character, hopefully Padme or Obi-Wan. I want to hear his voice. Maybe twice, once soft and caring, once an angry warrior! I'd like to see his range and start to accept him as Anakin.
2) I'd like to see Anakin at Shmi's grave, or a scene actually with her (though I understand it is very brief in the movie). But they don't have to explain it is Shmi's grave in the trailer, yet Star Wars is a tragedy. I still picture Luke standing before the burning homestead and the charred bodies of his aunt and uncle, or before his father's funeral pyre on Endor. Obi-Wan and Anakin were both shown at Qui-Gon's funeral in the previous trailer for Episode One (though you weren't certain it was a funeral from the trailer, but nevertheless a somber moment). These moments show depth in Star Wars, and after all it is war, and there will be casualties.
3) Passion: play up the emerging desire between Anakin and Padme - it'll make it easier to get our girlfriends to go see this flick with us. It will also put an early emphasis on a key motivator in Anakin's life: his secret need for the love of one woman. A forbidden love. A scandal amongst noble knights. Hmmmm, in a sec, I'm going to write a post for the narration I'd like to see with the trailer....
4) The Republic's gunships used to transport the clones - I'd like to see some of the new vehicles of the film, especially this kind.
5) New locations - Kamino (confirmed the water planet) will be extremely exotic, Geonosis threatening, and I think the romantic backscape of the lake on Naboo will add to the epic feel of the movie and Anakin and Padme's secret love. Another overhead shot on Coruscant is also breathtaking: like just after Qui-Gon and party leave the Jedi Temple for the last time, and return to the Queen's ship. That was one of TPM's greatest shots!
6) Palpatine call for war (or the funds to raise a clone army) and say something about crushing an insurrection! Ian McDiarmid is one of Star Wars' best talents - and it's still hard to believe it's the same guy in Return of the Jedi, from all those years ago. Since he talked in the second trailer to TPM, I'd stuck glued to the edge of my seat. He's Star Wars' primary villain and his new look as the Chancellor 10 years later, is as shocking as that great cover to the Star Wars Insider and Ian's awesome interview that issue.
7) Jango Fett, preferably fighting Mace, as I think Obi-Wan should get more screen time in the trailer saying dramatic lines that will be important to the plot of the film, and reverse Mace's position "narrating the trailer" like last time, with him fighting in this one - an action scene.
8) Yoda with his lightsaber on! Showing that this movie is a notch up on the scale of action, if the Master himself is preparing to kick azz in this film!
9) Finally Dexter Jettster and a few of the other wierdos they have lined up for bit parts in this film. If Aurra Sing is in it, they should show her, as she again must play a very small role, but it will add to the ensemble cast that is returning from the last film.
Now for the words I'd use:
Take this as...
Every Generation Has A Legend...
Every Journey Has A First Step...
Every Saga Has A Beginning!!!
For Episode 2, I'd go:
A Time Of Uncertainty.
A Love Forbidden.
A Secret So Dark...
That Any Hope Will Be Extinguished!
A Secret Love.
An Oath of Loyalty.
An Experiment In Evil!
and / or finally, I'd reuse actual lines of dialog from the previous movies:
"Don't give in to hate and anger. That leads to the Dark Side."
"Twilight is upon me. And soon 'knight' must fall."
"What does your heart tell you?"
"I must obey my Master!"
with these famous quotations overlayed upon scenes from the new movie that they relate to.
Last edited by Tycho; 10-12-2001 at 03:26 AM.
I saw the trailer for "Life as a House" and that got me excited about Hayden. he looks excellent in that picture, but if it turns out that he sucks in it, then I'll be dreading his role in AOTC.
If he does suck in Life as a house he may be good in AotC. Some actore can suck in some movies and are good in others. But this doesn't apply to Kevin Costner. All of his movies suck.Originally posted by Rollo Tomassi
I saw the trailer for "Life as a House" and that got me excited about Hayden. he looks excellent in that picture, but if it turns out that he sucks in it, then I'll be dreading his role in AOTC.
I'd definitely be interested in seeing some of Hayden's acting ability since his SW.com documentary audition made me cringe. "Annie makes me sound like a little boy." Ugh!
However, I'd be most interested in seeing a little bit of the overall design work in the film. From aliens to starships. IMHO that's what really makes the SW galaxy fun.
Civilized men are more discourteous than savages because they know they can be impolite without having their skulls split. - Robert E. Howard
You know just as long as I see yoda kicking some arse, and also Mace windu mixing it up....then I am already sold!
Oh yeah acting counts too!
"Luke, join the dark side, it's so wizard!"
Congratulations on 1000 posts bigb!!
As for the trailer, I want to tape it on E! or Access Hollywood and watch it over and over and over like I did three years ago...Whatevers in the trailer will surely not dissappoint, whatever it might be...
either hayden is the second coming of a young marlon brando, or lucasfilm is engaged in a giant propaganda campaign regarding hayden's talent. everyone involved keeps gushing at how great he is. i hope they are right. i think he has that "look", a screen presence like brando, james dean or even brad pitt. maybe he'll end up being the harrison ford of the new star wars films(the one with the eternally successful career).
Last edited by derek; 10-14-2001 at 11:39 AM.
i've seen the first half of the trailer (i'm downloading it off a offical site) and it looks AWSOME! there is a part with a bunch of jedi with lightsabers running forward! get back to ya in a few!
The Force is strong with this one.
Of course, that's my opinion I could be wrong.


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Anyway my big question is how can i program the arduino so that i can control both the motor relatively
how can i create a program where by i want the arduino to step one motor have a for instant of 800 step at maybe 30rpm while the other have maybe 500 step at maybe 10rpm?
Anyway i really cant think of a way to program the arduino for the 2 stepper to be moving at different step at different speed.
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