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Thread: Killifish: A Primer
Killifish: A Primer
Though uncommon in shops, killifish have been in the hobby longer than almost any fish one could think of. Sailors brought back killies from distant ports as early as the mid 19th century, trading the glittering little fish for necessities, with the first international killies kept in the US arriving just after the first world war. Most killies available are native to West Africa and the United States, with a handful from Southeast Asia and South America.
And glittering they are. Some are so brilliant to put marine fish to shame. And though they range in size from a bit over an inch to nearly six inches, killies, given proper environs and foods, can be easily kept. But the potential keeper must keep the killie tank tightly covered, since many of these fish jump, some of the larger species over 12 inches above the water level.
In this primer we'll cover several species and their care. There are but a few tenets before one delves into killie keeping; though a few are common, finding a quality source for them can be a challenge, most will only take live foods initially, and many must be kept in a tank by themselves.
But, killie keeping is a deeply rewarding experience, as generations of killies can be raised by a keeper. And there's also a thriving national organization: The American Killifish Association, in which members can trade fish, eggs, the latter even internationally. Much knowledge can be gained in the art of killie keeping, and the annual AKA national convention is not to be missed.
There are two types of killies available - annuals and perennials. Annuals evolved in pools that dry up in the dry season, thus they grow fast, lay their drought resistant eggs, and the adults die as the pools evaporate. Though annuals don't necessarily live just a year, a keeper is both fortunate and skilled to keep them past two years. Most aren't really tropical, so 72 to 76 would be the proper temps.
Perennials can live quite some time, many easily five years, some of the larger species as many as eight or nine. In this list we'll start with the perennials.
Native to the southeast corner of the US is the Florida Flag Fish; Jordanella floridae.
Male Flag Fish reach 2.5 inches and possess the majority of the colors, like nearly all killifish do. Native to Floridian swamps, males sport a metallic, silvery body, moving toward a blueish top. Red stripes along the fish with the blue give it its common name. The unpaired fins are greenish to blue green and marked with red striping. She is a little smaller, her silver is greenish, stripes are dark and unpaired fins sport an orange cast near their bases. Her dorsal has a dark spot below it, and more dark spots are usually scattered about her. Both sexes can change colors at will, so she can be barred occasionally with varying levels of green and silver, and he can look uncannily like an American flag when at his best when morning sun hits the tank,
In feeding, Flag Fish MUST have real, green algae in their diet, and they'll make short work of any algae that may crop up. Given the algae, Flag Fish are quite hardy, and will happily take live, and eventually even frozen, foods. It isn't uncommon for Florida Flag fish to live five years and more. This is one fish that should be moved to a species tank, as the male is too combative toward his mate and tankmates when spawning, for the community aquarium. Though Flag Fish are killies, or more properly, American pupfish, the males behave almost Cichlid-like fanning and vigorously defending the eggs. Younger specimens that are below spawning age should be kept in a group, and do well in a peaceful community setup.
Flag Fish can and should be kept in a well planted tank, though they may nibble the plants, but daily feedings of soft green algae cultured on stones usually prevents that. They eschew the bright light of well planted aquaria, so floating plants over the main swimming area will keep your Flag Fish group continually visible. Flag Fish prefer their water slightly alkaline; pH 7.2 is best, and moderately soft, with temps between 68 and 75. You'll want to keep your tank very well planted, because once they mature, Flag Fish always breed, usually at the base of a plant. He drives the female hard, and he guards the eggs and fry with vigor. The plants are necessary so she can get out of his line of sight, and one night she should be removed to another container to escape his attentions.
The eggs hatch in a week at 75 degrees, longer at warmer temps. He's an attentive father, and keeps his flock close by at all times. The youngsters are easily raised, taking live baby brine shrimp as soon as they are free swimming, transitioning to larger foods and algae as they grow. If you swipe the fry to raise them yourself one evening, he'll promptly look for another female and spawn again.
Florida Flag Fish are among the easiest killies to find, and better fish stores usually have them on their lists.When a finger points to the moon, the imbecile looks at the finger.
Omnia mutantur nihil interit.
The more you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go
Another home-grown beauty of a killie is the Bluefin, Lucania goodei.
Native to our southeastern states, including Georgia, South Carolina and Florida, Bluefins top out at 2 inches, and males have all the color, as both his dorsal and anal fin are rich blue with dark red rays and are topped with black. Those fins really glitter as the fish moves through tank. Both sexes have a dark line running from the mouth, though the eye, to the base of the tail. Both male and female are silvery below the line and clear green, with a dark lattice along the lines of scales, above it. He has a blush of rich red at the base of his tail. Her fins are perfectly clear, and she's about a half inch smaller than her mate. You'll see the male's fins really flashing blue if morning sunshine hits the tank.
Both sexes are spirited and lively, the male especially, with those spectacular fins. This species is found in heavily vegetated streams and ponds, meaning a well-planted aquarium is indeed the best place for them. They prefer bright, clear water that's neutral to slightly acidic and soft, and are ideal for a 29 gallon or larger tank. They aren't at all a tropical fish; 72 is their temperature. You can keep a whole school of bluefins, since they travel in schools in nature. Though they don't like to be crowded, you can keep them with other small temperate species, like White Clouds (Tanichthys albonubes), although a school of just bluefin in a properly set up and lighted planted tank is a pleasure few have experienced these days.
In feeding, it'll be a while for them to take anything other than live foods if your bluefins are wild caught. Fruit flies, mosquito larvae, baby brine shrimp, Daphnia and Grindal worms, the latter halved before feeding, should all be on the menu. You can gradually wean the Bluefins on to small pelleted foods if you start mixing a few, gradually more, in with the Daphnia. Though he won't be quite as brilliant without just live food, it is in their best interest to add prepared and frozen foods to their diet. Bluefins should be given tiny meals often, up to every four hours, since they are grazers. They will be in their best health if your feed in that schedule. They do far better in a planted aquarium than other types.
In breeding, the school often does so en masse, but the fishes must be fed copious amounts of live foods for females to have valid eggs. The eggs are scattered among fine-leaved plants, where they'll stick until they hatch a week later. The fry are quite small, so you'll have to culture Rotifers to feed them when they become free swimming, since it'll be some time - as many as 10 days - before they grow enough to take BBS. The fry aren't difficult to raise.
Like most small schoolers Bluefins can live up five years, properly kept. Set up a tank, get some and confuse your friends on what they are, since Bluefins are far from common in shops.
Moving toward the African continent is one of the most long standing fish in the hobby, Aphyosemion australe- the Lyretail or Cape Lopez killie, native to heavily vegetated rain forest streams of The Cameroon and Angola.
This is a borderline tropical killie, and does best between 68 and 74 degrees, but for breeding it should be very slowly raised to 78. Soft, acidic water (pH 5.5 to 6.8, gh under 5) is required with this species, and filtration through peat moss is very helpful. Partial water changes should be done at least weekly, no more than 20 percent, and only at night, to avoid stressing these lovely fishes. Planted tanks are ideal, indeed needed, for these fish, helping with the stability they require. The bright light of planted tanks should be filtered with floating plants over the main swimming area for best results. Given proper conditions and feeding, australe are not at all delicate and will live quite well in a species tank or with small, gentle schoolers. Lyretails do not like to be crowded, so keep a group of these beauties in a 29 gallon or larger. Sex ratio is two to three females for every male. Australe is very peaceful in such groups, but males may flare at each other for choice real estate.
The australe tank should be well covered as they jump, usually at night.
Reaching a modest 2.5 inches, females less, the males are showpieces. In health, his expansive finnage is well spread, and are orange, with blue spotting, then dark blue edging. A bright silver-white edge tops the dorsal, anal and the lyre-shaped tail fin. The latter two are spotted with color. His body is green silver, spotted with red, and topped with deep orange, also with dots. His ventral fins are solid orange. She's much less colorful and her fins are smaller, but she too has red spots on her flanks, extending somewhat into the fan-shaped tail. There are several man made color morphs of this species, but in my opinion the male is most attractive in his natural garb. Australe commonly live for five years, sometimes more.
In feeding, live food is best, but australe will happily take frozen foods like freshwater mysis shrimp, bloodworms and tubifex. They will take pelleted foods, but make sure they are top quality. Feed australe small meals at least twice a day.
When mature at two years, australe commonly spawn, usually over fine-leaved plants. The eggs hatch in 10 to 12 days, and it's best for the keeper to take the eggs and raise the fry themselves. Australe fry are tiny, and infusoria (Paramecium is best) is the first food for the fry. Rotifers follow when the fry lose interest in Paramecium, and baby brine shrimp are introduced after the Rotifers are ignored. Australe fry aren't difficult to raise, but must be graded by size, since some fry grow faster than others.When a finger points to the moon, the imbecile looks at the finger.
Omnia mutantur nihil interit.
The more you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go
One of the most commonly available and justly popular killifish is Fundulopanchax gardneri, native to forest streams and marshes of Nigeria and The Cameroon.
Called the Blue Lyretail in the hobby, gardneri males are clothed in a almost luminous steel blue; that blue liberally scattered with red dots that go from the head to the lyre-shaped tail, including the anal fin, which grows silver white extensions as the fish ages. The blue is electric in the anal fin and the bottom of the tail. Dorsal fin and top of tail is yellow, the dorsal spotted with and edged with red and electric blue. Gardneri males are truly brilliant, and when light hits him just right, nearly blinding.
She's less decorated than her mate, but is attractively colored golden yellow when sexually mature. She has dots of red all over, including her unpaired fins. Reaching a bit over two inches, the female smaller, Blue Lyretails are one of the most hardy of the small killifishes.
That said, they shouldn't be taken for granted and plopped in your alkaline, hard water tank. Gardneri are rain forest stream fishes, frequenting aquatic plant stands in nature, thus should be kept in the soft, acidic, well planted tanks. Gardneri does not do well above pH 7.0, and prefer their temperature in the low 70s. A gentle current from low GPH power heads is appreciated by this species.
Small as they are, with males topping out at 2.25 inches, females a half inch or so less, Gardneri is quite long lived, and a keeper can enjoy these fishes for up to 10 years. They can be kept with similar small fishes, but in a species tank a group of this species, a trio of females to every male, is a pleasant sight. Gardneri are an active, vivacious species.
In feeding, live food, including live baby brine shrimp, is best, and is necessary for the female to have valid eggs. They will take small pelleted foods, and enjoy frozen foods like Mysis shrimps and bloodworms. Foods must be small, since these fishes have small mouths. Feed your charges light meals twice a day.
In a soft, acidic planted tank, mature gardneri breed regularly, the female laying eggs every ten days. A breeding mop setup is commonly used if one purposely wishes to raise the fry, since the pair will eat the fry if left in the tank with them. In a regular planted tanks, the spawn is either placed among low plants or secured to floating plants. Eggs hatch between two and three weeks with the fry free swimming almost immediately. The fry must be graded for size, since they will eat their smaller siblings. The fry are large enough to take live baby brine shrimp and microworms. Obviously, given the extended breeding period, fry must be graded for size.
One of the most popular and brilliant of the killies, and available in at least 15 regional variants, Gardneri are one killie for beginners to try.
One of my personal favorites is Aphyosemion bivittatum, native to the border region between Nigeria and The Cameroon.
Found commonly in shady pools that are thick with aquatic plants, bivittatum, called Two Stripe Lyretail in the hobby, possesses a beautiful translucency that no photo can capture. Reaching 2.5 inches, it's difficult to nail down the colors of the male fish, since it changes depending on pH, temperature, hardness, and mood. The colors can include oranges, reds, blues, yellows and greens, and all those colors can be on a single male. There's also a dazzling number of regional variants. Both sexes have a pair of lines that run from the nose to half way on the male, and to the tail of the smaller female of the species. The male has a lyre-shaped tail, commonly speckled and lined with red. His dorsal fin is tall and comes to a point, and in sympathetic surroundings and with at least occasional live food, is high and proudly displayed. His anal fin, also expansive, is usually lined with waves of color and capped with bright white. The female reaches two inches and is similarly colored to her mate, but much less intensely. She can have red edging on her unpaired fins. Both sexes have bright silver eyes.
Though tank bred two-stripes can be kept up to pH 7.4 and moderately hard, it's in the soft and acidic planted aquarium they live and look best, and filtration through peat moss intensifies the male's colors. This is one killie that's accustomed to other fish in its clime, so one can keep small schoolers, but not fish that will pick at the male's expansive finnage; tetras, small catfish, and the like, are appropriate tankmates with the killies.
Bivittatum prefer to stay near the top of the tank, and in a well-planted aquarium with bright light, these fish look extremely attractive moving though the light and shadow of floating plants, which should be numerous over the main swimming area. As they developed in shady pools, floating plants are essential in the highly lighted planted tanks. The more plants in aquarium, the better these fish like them.
They tend to dart, stand still, and repeat, especially when food is of the offing, but are quite active and perfectly peaceful in pairs and in groups, the latter how they should be kept. Temps are 72 to 78.
This species does best with live food, but pellets and frozen foods as high in protein as available can be used. However, for valid eggs, lots of live food is mandated. They are very fond of worms and small crustaceans and mine take live Grindal worms and young Mysis shrimp with great gusto. Twice daily light feedings are best for these fish. Given soft water in copiously planted aquaria and with stable conditions, bivittatum is quite hardy, living five years, sometimes more.
Bivittatum can be described as just add water and fine-leaved plant breeders. Live food for a few days and a slow raise to 80 degrees and the plants will soon be full of eggs. Bivittatum breed most commonly early in the morning, just past daylight, so the keeper must be quick to remove them before tankmates find the eggs. They hatch in 12 days at 73 degrees, and longer at higher temps. Fry have to be graded for size as soon as they are free swimming since two-stripe fry vary widely in size. Live baby brine shrimp and microworms are the first foods for the youngsters.
One of the true beauties of the killie clan, bivittatum is a lovely species for prospective killie keepers to try.When a finger points to the moon, the imbecile looks at the finger.
Omnia mutantur nihil interit.
The more you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go
The first killie I kept and still adore is Roloffia occidentalis, the Red Aphyosemion.
Native to forest creeks and streams in Sierra Leon and Liberia, the common name applies to both sexes of this beautiful species. The male tops out at 3.5 inches, females about an inch less.
Both have golden flanks that are lined with rich red, blending into deep magenta that intensifies as the fish age as you move down the fish. As per usual, the male's colors are much deeper than his mate. His throat and lower lip is blue, and unpaired fins a rich magenta - the dorsal and anal fin edged in deep blue, and the tail lined with red and centered with rich blue. The anal fin sprouts a small group of white rays once he passes his second year, when both sexes become heavier bodied. Up to that point they are rather slender fishes.
Though her magenta isn't quite as intense as her mate, she too is very much a showpiece. Her fins are edged in bright white and her anal fin feathers out with age. Her red continually deepens as she ages. Both sexes have silver eyes. The man made version of this species with much more yellow is called Golden Pheasant. Only in their fry will you see how beautiful the natural fish become.
This is a soft water species and cannot be kept above pH 7.0. Best is pH 6.5, gH under 5. A temperate species, Red Aphyosemions prefer temps between 68 and 75 and does best in a thickly planted aquarium at least 40 gallons in size. Floating plants are necessary over the main swimming area, and both substrate and background must be dark. Tanks must be firmly covered, as this species is an avid jumper.
A keeper can expect this species to live up five years, sometimes twice that. When mature at two years, Red Aphyosemion commonly breed, usually just after daylight. Feeding them at least occasional live food usually results in a spawn once they are sexually mature. Feeding live food for a week or so and the pair will breed every ten days like clockwork, scattering adhesive eggs among fine leaved plants. At 72 degrees the eggs hatch in ten to 12 days, longer at warmer temps, and the fry are large enough to take live baby brine shrimp when free swimming. The fry vary widely in size, and must be graded to prevent cannibalism.
However, in part of the range of this species it behaves as an annual, since it frequents small pools and seasonal creeks, so fish imported from those regions live under two years. Thus, the annuals are substrate spawners; depositing their eggs deep in peat moss. Once spawning is complete, remove the peat and seal it in a plastic bag and put it in a dark, cool area (65 to 70 degrees) for a month. Then put the egg-laden peat back in a tank filled with soft, acidic water. Eggs hatch within a day in temps in the low 70's and fry are almost immediately free swimming and will take live baby brine shrimp. The fry aren't difficult to raise but must be sorted for size.
Live food of the insect and crustacean nature are best for these fishes, but they will take prepared and frozen foods, especially if they are captive raised fishes.
As you see there are two versions of this species - those that live long and those that are annual fishes. Thus, one must search for those that live long since they become such beautiful, colorful fishes as they age.
Fairly difficult to find, but well worth the search for the prospective killie keeper.
Called Golden Wonder in the trade is Aplocheilus lineatus, native to southern India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon).
Perhaps the most commonly available killie, lineatus has been around long enough the red and other colors the natural male possesses has been bred out, so if you see a killie sold as a Gold or Golden Wonder, it is this species.
Naturally, males have deep crimson edging on his unpaired fins, especially on the fan-shaped tail, and in some specimens that tail can be entirely red and dotted with pale blue. The body is red, deepening to magenta and glistening black as you move from the top of the fish. Golden stripes run along the lines of scales and each scale glitters with electric yellow highlights.. Males reach five inches, females an inch less; her lines over her much paler yellow are wider and darker, and her fins are rounded. In wild caught examples they are edged with red. She has dark banding from the dorsal to the tail.
Both sexes have shining green and silver eyes. Young males look just like females; it's after their first 16 months they develop their mature color and finnage. In certain light both male and female can appear shining green with burnished gold highlights, and there are many wild regional variants of this species. In any light, an all together attractive killie.
Like most larger killies, lineatus is highly predatory to fish small enough to eat, and that includes his fry, so choose tankmates with care - large enough to not be considered food but peaceful enough to not harass the killies. Small catfishes, larger tetra species and peaceful cichlids are perfect as tankmates.
Lineatus stays near the top of the tank, watching for live food to present itself, thus foods, either live, frozen or prepared, should float. A confirmed carnivore, all foods should have meat protein within for best results. Dropsilia hydei would be a perfect live food for these fish, and can easily be dusted for color or lipids prior to feeding. Any suitably-sized crustacean will be taken, as well as fish fry, but use the latter food very sparingly. An avid and accomplished jumper, a lineatus tank must be completely covered, since if one jumps out, all of them will follow. Nylon screens should be secured to close any gaps, no matter how small.
This is another killie that does best in the thickly planted, soft water aquarium. PH should be under 7.0 and moderately soft. Floating plants over the main swimming area will make lineatus very comfortable in your tank since they eschew bright light necessary to very well planted aquaria.
As a larger killie, a larger tank is warranted, say a 55 gallon and up for a group of six or eight. Neither males nor females care for each other, so one must have both space and cover until the group reaches equanimity. Subservient males don female rainments. Lineatus likes his temps in the mid 70's - for breeding it should be slowly raised to upper 70's to 80 degrees. Copious amounts of live food should be offered for a week, and soon large eggs are secured to fine leaved, and sometimes floating, plants. The eggs should be removed and hatched separately since both sexes will eat the fry.
The eggs hatch in two weeks and the fry can take live baby brine shrimp and microworms immediately when free swimming. The fry will have to be graded for size almost daily, since some grow much faster than others. About half the fry will possess the natural coloration once mature, the others the 'Golden Wonder' form. Adding natural specimens to the group and soon all fry will possess the very attractive natural coloration. You can expect at least five years from your charges.
One of the most satisfying and hardy of the commonly available killies.When a finger points to the moon, the imbecile looks at the finger.
Omnia mutantur nihil interit.
The more you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go
Perhaps the grand potentiate of the killie clan is Fundulopanchax sjoestedti; the Blue Gularis of The Cameroon, The Ivory Coast and Nigeria.
This killie was the first aquarium fish to be photographed in color, in 1920, and started appearing in aquarium publications soon after.
Reaching nearly six inches and is very widespread in coastal rain forest streams of West Africa, only one form of this species can be considered 'blue', That form has a metallic blue body, loosely barred with black on the back half of the fish, with closer barring and lining as you move toward the head. A flush of deep orange runs from the bottom of the caudal peduncle spreading richly to the middle of the expansive three-pronged tail. Variations, both natural and man-made, as almost as numerous as pebbles on a beach, so if you want to keep this species, ask for it by scientific name.
This killie, does best and looks his best in the soft, acidic planted tank, and doesn't look nearly as good in slightly alkaline waters. Though it will eat much smaller fishes, including his own fry, they can be described as near perfect community fishes. Tetras that grow over two inches and Corydorus species catfishes are the best tankmates.
She's about an inch smaller than her mate, but develops an attractive yellow cast, spotted with red in some populations, as she ages. Like most of the larger killies, sjoestedti live many years, averaging between eight and ten. This species spends most of its time in the lower third of the tank. Best ratio is one male to at least three females. In a large enough planted tank, say a 75 gallon, a whole colony of these killies can be kept, and purely to attract females, males can look truly stellar in such tanks.
You'd be depriving yourself of a beautiful show if you don't feed these fishes live food. They are very partial to crustaceans, like highly enriched live adult brine shrimp, adult freshwater mysis shrimp, larger cladocorans like Daphnia magna, and the like. If one keeps small shrimp, the excess would be appreciated by this species.
They will take high quality pelleted foods, especially if you introduce them with the crustaceans. They like them more if the pellets are emulsified in products designed for colors or lipids, contact me for brands and sources. Best feeding schedule is small meals thrice daily. This species likes his temps in the low to mid 70's, say 72 to a max of 77.
Sjoestedti breed readily when mature at two years old, depositing large eggs that are slightly adhesive on the substrate or on plants early in the morning. They are easily removed by pipet and hatched separately. It can take up to two weeks at 75 degrees for the eggs to hatch, with the fry free swimming soon after. They are large enough to take microworms and baby brine shrimp and progress rapidly. They must be graded for size but all can be half grown in six weeks.
This species has jumping down to an art, so their tank most be tightly covered with any gap closed by nylon screening. They can leap through a half-inch gap with ease, and if one goes, all the others of its kind will follow, so seal your tank up tight.
A lovely species, and quite hardy well kept. A keeper can expect his charges to live around a decade.
Native to the La Plata region of Argentina is the Argentine Pearl Fish - Austrolebias bellottii.
Another species of multiple variations, even waterways a few miles apart can look quite difference in colors and body size.
The original Argentine Pearl Fishes vary in the way the light hits, feeding and mood. The male looks quite attractive with an indigo blue scattered with lines of pearly spots. Sometimes he is olive, sometimes yellow. When kept in the soft water tank and fed primarily live food he spends a lot of time blue with pearls.
She looks completely different, with a clear brown over silver, and brown striping, She has lines of brown in all her unpaired fins. Males top out at three inches, females a half inch or so less. This is a true temperate killie, doing best about 70 degrees. They really appreciate a planted tank, with floating plants above the main swimming area. This isn't a community fish so must be kept in a species tank.
This is an annual species, depositing spawns in a peat moss substrate, that's been boiled once to reduce acidity. The peat is removed, bagged still moist, and stored in the dark for two weeks. Eggs hatch best when when the the temperature while in storage doesn't exceed 65 degrees. When the peat is returned to a soft water tank the eggs hatch almost immediately. The fry are avid eaters to say the least, so plenty of live baby brine shrimp must be on hand, Adding small pelleted foods with the shrimp gets it into their heads that the pellets are food, meaning transitions to prepared foods is smooth. The fry grow very quickly, and can be full grown in six weeks.
Pearl fish can live three or four years kept at 68 to 70 degrees but have much shorter life spans when kept warner. Adults do and look best with at least occasional live food, like Daphnia, white worms and the like. They will learn to take prepared and frozen, but won't be as vigorous or colorful without live foods.
Though some of its relatives are more colorful, the Argentine Pearl Fish has an elusive charm that's difficult to describe.
One of the most ornate and brilliant of all Rivulus species is R. strigatus, the Herring-Bone Rivulin, native to the interior regions of Argentina and Brazil.
Reaching just 1.5 inches, males of the species possess a deep red herring-bone pattern on a bright bluish green body that can appear luminous when light hits him just right. His unpaired fins are all tipped with red, and can be yellow to orange. Females have a similar pattern, but not as distinct as her mate, She is three-quarters of an inch smaller than he. Like all Rivulus species, the caudal fin is rounded, and she has the characteristic Rivulus spot on her upper caudal fin.
Small as they are, this species doesn't like to be crowded, so at least a 20 gallon tank is necessary for a group of these lovely little fishes, at least three females to every male, Like all Rivulins, this species tends to stay still, using their pectoral fins to stay in place. They often pose head down and tail up. This species doesn't stop and pose as much as other species of Rivulus.
However, when food hits the water, especially live food like fruit flies and Daphnia, strigatus is quite sprightly. Foods, as for all killies, should primarily be live for best results, but wild caught examples will have to be slowly trained to take small pelleted and frozen foods. This species should be fed tiny meals three times a day.
This species should be kept in well-planted aquaria equipped with floating plants over the main swimming area to mimic the shaded streams this species comes from. They like their water neutral to slightly acid, and soft. More acidic, say pH 6.5, will prevent this species from contracting disease. Temperatures are in the mid 70's for general maintenance, when breeding it should slowly be raised to 80. This species is a perennial, and can live a surprisingly long time.
You'll know when breeding is imminent when males start trying to chivvy females over fine leaved plants. They like to breed high among the plants, scattering adhesive eggs. If the adults are fed live food they'll neither touch the eggs nor young. They usually breed just after daylight.
One should remove the eggs carefully and hatch them in an unlit tank, as they usually don't hatch in lighted tanks. The eggs hatch within two weeks at 75, much longer warmer. The fry are tiny, so Rotifers should be offered first, followed by baby brine shrimp when the fry lose interest in the Rotiffers, It'll be some time before the fry are large enough to take microworms and small pelleted foods.
There are dozens if not hundreds of regional and man-made versions of this species, but my description is the first imported in 1933. Ask for them by scientific name if you wish to keep this species, and be aware, there are several synonyms. The herring-bone pattern is diagnostic, though.
Native to eastern African pools is Northobranchius rachovii, our last killie.
What makes this killie worth having is the males are unbelievably brilliant, just electric, and no photo can do this fish justice. Reaching an inch and three quarters, the rather bland female a half-inch less, rachovii is easily kept with a few tenets. First, they must be kept in a soft and acidic (pH 5.0 to 6.5, gH under 5) planted tank equipped with floating plants. Males do not get along so one male to a number of females. A 29 gallon tank is sufficient.
He's deep red with electric blue striping, and electric accents on all unpaired fins. When the male hits the light between floating plants he's almost blinding. There are several variants, both regional and man-made, but in one and all, the males are the show.
They like their temperatures in the mid 70's, and live food is mandated for best results. Things like fruit flies and Daphnia are deeply enjoyed. They will learn to take small pelleted foods, especially if you start adding some to a Daphnia meal, but for valid eggs, is has to be live food.
This annual killifish is a soil spawner, and must be kept in a tank with thrice boiled peat moss as the substrate. He and his chosen mate get side by side just above the peat, and the eggs are fertilized as she pushes them into the peat. The peat is removed, bagged, and held in a cool, dark place for two months. Placed in a soft and acidic darkened tank the fry will be hopping around the top of the peat within an hour. As soon as they are free swimming, Rotifers are added, and the fry grow quickly and will be ready for BBS in days. They'll be almost full grown in a month.
Despite being an annual species rachovii can live past a ripe old age of three.
There are many, many different kinds of killiefish, and variations of almost all of them. Though they have a reputation of being hard to keep, it's far from the truth, as in a soft and acidic tank and at least occasional live food, killies are among the most hardy fish one can buy. I encourage you to research killies further as several books are available on the subject and there is the national organization that takes members from all over the world.
DaveWhen a finger points to the moon, the imbecile looks at the finger.
Omnia mutantur nihil interit.
The more you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go
Another good read by Dave. Thanks for another great article.
Thanks, Dave. I used to keep plains killifish in my 20G tank now and then when I was a youngster--we'd catch them in irrigation ditches. They always seemed rather exotic compared to the other native fish, even quite colorful when the breeding urge struck. But I always let them go after a week or so since they never seemed to get the hang of flake food. Interesting little fish, though; I wish it had occurred to me, back then, to give them live food. I might have to try some of their tropical cousins someday.
Last edited by WhistlingBadger; 02-28-2012 at 04:52 AM.Fall down six times. Stand up seven.
--Japanese Proverb
"Angkor" 55g Southeast Asia Community Tank
"Orinoco Flow" 29g South American Tank
"Loch Badger" Pond Journal
Great write up Dave, I have a great passion for killis!
I know this is a two year old thread but it's a sticky. You know what would really rock this thread? Pictures!! Killi's are such beautifully coloured little jewels.Warning; Bulldog Pleco guarding my Sons tank now..
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AND: Secret#1 NO CHAIRS! (For Middle-High School kids) Seriously, try to use a space with no chairs and get the kids to move around and do stuff. I have often stacked up all the chairs in a room and used just tables.. Middle School kids can be glued to their chairs and nobody wants to make the first move. Crazy but true.
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Almost a year since the last update. This is what happens when I believe my own hype about finishing my website :)
I'm working on the status script (no sources available yet). You can view it here
http://fin.ods.org/milenko/tgmstatus.phpIn addition, I have a little image thinglet
http://fin.ods.org/milenko/status.php?IP=x.x.x.x&port=xxxxx&timeout=1(fill in the xs)
So, what is this status script?
Basically, it shows the names, scores and pings of select SOF2 Demo servers. With a user supplied IP, it can show the status of any network game based on the Q3 engine. I hope to expand it to include UT, CS, et cetera.


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Explore GeologySkip to Content
This section highlights the map units (i.e., rocks and unconsolidated deposits) that occur in Mount Rainier National Park and puts them in a geologic context in terms of the environment in which they were deposited and the timing of geologic events that created the present landscape.
The volcanoes in the north- south trending Cascade Province evolved through a history of complex plate tectonic processes and glaciation. Different tectonic models have been proposed for the development of the Cascades, but all models include subduction, addition of exotic terranes, and oblique plate movements as important components in creating today's Cascade Range (Kiver and Harris, 1999). In general, the North American plate edge was located farther east during the Mesozoic in Nevada, western Idaho, and eastern Washington. Subduction processes added larger masses of continental materials, island- like masses called microcontinents, microplates, or exotic terranes to the western margin of North American. Addition of these microplates shifted the plate edge westward.
The first Cascade volcanoes erupted about 42 million years ago (Ma), forming the older Western Cascades. At the time, the range was oriented northwesterly but would later rotate clockwise to achieve today's north- south orientation. Continued subduction formed rows of volcanic vents that become younger to the east. As a result of clockwise rotation, extensive fissures opened up to the east and voluminous eruptions of the Columbia River Basalt occurred about 17 Ma.
Subduction and accompanying volcanism continued for some 25 million years in the older Cascade Range. As magma rose, rocks were heated and began to expand. Large lithospheric blocks dropped downward along north- south oriented faults creating linear depressions, or grabens (fault- bounded basins). The faults opened pathways that enabled large volumes of magma to rise. The grabens filled and overflowed with overlapping shield and cinder cones to form a volcanic plateau called the Eastern, or High, Cascades.
The present generation of volcanoes is believed to be no more than 400,000- 600,000 years old. Mount St. Helens was formed only 40,000 years ago. Coincident with the growth of these recent volcanoes was the Pleistocene Ice Age, which began about 1.6 Ma. Glaciers formed on each volcanic cone when it reached sufficient height. At the peak of glaciation, a continuous icecap buried the upper Cascades from Canada to northern California, broken only in the Columbia Gorge area where elevations approached sea level (Kiver and Harris, 1999). Alpine glaciers on Mount Rainier flowed as far as 65 miles (105 km) from the mountain. Most of the glacial sculpturing seen today occurred during the Wisconsin glacial stage, which reached its maximum only 15,000- 20,000 years ago.
For Mount Rainier National Park, the terrestrial history begins in the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era in the Eocene Epoch, 36.6- 52 Ma.
Tertiary Period: Eocene Epoch
On the western margin of North America, a complex tectonic framework created a complex sedimentary assemblage. In Oregon, Eocene deep- sea sedimentary fans developed west of an accreted and subsiding seamount chain in a new fore- arc basin (the Tyee forearc basin in Figure 6). The basin developed in the Coast Range, west of the older Mesozoic fore- arc basin of central Oregon (Miller et al., 1992). In the Klamath Mountains, Hornbrook Basin area, and northern part of the Great Valley fore- arc basin (California), regional uplift during the Paleocene to early Eocene caused nonmarine Eocene strata to unconformably overlie Cretaceous marine rocks. Sedimentation continued in the Great Valley fore- arc basin.
Middle and upper Eocene submarine sedimentary fans and continental- slope deposits that graded eastward into shallow-marine, deltaic, and fluvial equivalents buried newly accreted, subsiding terranes in the Pacific Northwest from about 55- 43 Ma (Christiansen and Yeats, 1992). Pull- apart basins created by oblique subduction on the northwest flank of the North Cascades were filled with thick nonmarine arkosic sandstones and conglomerates. From the North Cascades to central Idaho, extensional faulting juxtaposed upper- crustal sections against mid- crustal, metamorphic rocks in relatively continuous metamorphic core complexes. These metamorphic core complexes formed domes between which graben- like basins formed and filled with thick sediments and contemporaneous volcanics.
In latest Eocene (about 43 Ma), the coastal region rotated clockwise at a rate of one degree per million years. Lakes and alluvial basins occupied the area east of the continental divide while the Cascade Arc, an arcuate 2 6 NPS Geologic Resources Division trend of offshore volcanoes, extended from British Columbia southward into southern Oregon. South of the arc, most of California was either eroding upland or coastal plain that bordered a continental shelf and slope to the west.
Tertiary Period: Oligocene Epoch
The most explosive volcanoes were underwater where percolating water triggered steam- blasted eruptions. Andesites, rhyolites, and volcanic breccia are well exposed in the eastern part of the park where, locally, layer upon layer of volcanic debris may reach over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) thick (Kiver and Harris, 1999). These layers are exposed in highway road cuts on the east side of Backbone Ridge, and remnants of volcanic centers are well exposed in the steep cliffs below the Sarvent Glaciers, just east of Mount Rainier. Volcanic vents, now plugged with masses of solidified lava, are visible at the South Cowlitz Chimney, Double Peak, and Barrier Peak.
After the volcanic activity subsided, the Ohanapecosh Formation was compressed into broad folds. Zeolites (a group of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals common as replacement minerals in volcanic rocks) and other minerals replaced most of the original minerals, and these new minerals firmly cemented the fragmental debris into hard rocks. They also imparted the dark gray and green colors typical of Ohanapecosh deposits. Uplift of the entire area followed. In the warm, wet climate, streams and rivers carved deep valleys into this hilly terrain. Valleys as deep as 1,500 feet (457 m) were eroded into the underlying Ohanapecosh Formation.
Stevens Ridge Formation: During the Oligocene and Miocene (Figure 2), thin layers of pumice and ash were deposited over the hilly terrain. These layers are the initial deposits of the Stevens Ridge Formation (Figure 7). The first thin ash falls had little affect on the many trees growing on the hills, but that was about to change. The most catastrophic event ever to befall the area blasted a series of searing hot ash flows over the area and smothered the former landscape. The ash flows consisted of mixtures of volcanic dust, bits of pumice, and other hot volcanic fragments buoyed up and greatly mobilized by hot volcanic gases that expanded and lubricated the flows so that flow velocities may have reached 60 or 80 miles per hour (97- 129 km/hr). Flowing into the valleys carved in the underlying Ohanapecosh Formation, the first ash flows choked streams, disturbed the soil, and killed trees that stood in their path. Subsequent ash flows eventually filled the valleys with deposits hundreds of feet thick and completely covered the pre- existing hills. When the hot volcanic ash was deposited, the heat fused the small bits of volcanic glass and pumice together into a rock known as welded tuff.
Only remnants of the Stevens Ridge ash flows survive in the park. Highway road cuts near the top of Backbone Ridge contain pieces of wood, bits of soil, and other debris chaotically mixed into the lower part of the basal Stevens Ridge ash flow. This ash flow can be traced northwestward to the lower slopes of Stevens Ridge where it is visible along the Stevens Canyon highway. Other ash flows are well exposed in the cliffs on the southern slope of Stevens Ridge.
Tertiary Period: Miocene Epoch
Although the volcanoes have been dissected and mostly removed by erosion, feeder dikes to the volcanoes still remain. The dikes can be traced for about a mile along the surface and vary from 6 inches (15 cm) to 20 feet (6 m) thick. Swarms of dikes that cut the Stevens Ridge and Ohanapecosh Formations may be found on Backbone Ridge and on Stevens Peak, Mount Wow, and in the headwaters of the North Fork of the Puyallup River.
Lava also was forcefully injected between underground layers of Ohanapecosh and Stevens Ridge strata, which, when cooled, formed tabular bodies known as sills. These sills can be found in the low country along the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River and near Longmire. The Box Canyon of the Cowlitz slices into one of these thick Fifes Peak Formation sills.
Following the eruptions of Fifes Peak lava, the area was once again compressed and folded. The folds that formed after deposition of the Ohanapecosh Formation became tighter. Faults broke the strata of the Ohanapecosh, Stevens Ridge, and Fifes Peak Formations as the rocks shifted to relieve the compressive stresses. For example, near vertical movement caused 910 meters (3,000 feet) of displacement between the base of the Stevens Ridge Formation and the Stevens Ridge Formation strata in Stevens Canyon. Continued plate collisions on the western margin caused this folding and faulting and set the stage for the second major episode in the geologic history of MORA – the emplacement of the Tatoosh pluton.
Granitic Intrusive Rocks of Miocene and Pliocene Age
Tatoosh Pluton and Associated Intrusives: About 9 Ma (late Miocene), the rate of collision between lithospheric plates slowed and the angle of descent of the subducting plate steepened, like it is today (Figure 9). In the Miocene and Pliocene, a great upward surge of molten rock stopped short of the surface and intruded the rocks of the Ohanapecosh, Stevens Ridge, and Fifes Peak Formations, solidifying as intrusive igneous bodies, called plutons (Figures 7, 10) (Fiske et al., 1963, 1988). Dikes and sills riddle the bedded formations. Some of these intrusive bodies are large enough to be mapped; some are not. Some of the magma erupted onto the surface although all but the welded tuff at The Palisades has been eroded from the park.
Igneous activity such as eruption of the lava flow at Bee Flat occurred sporadically throughout the rest of the Pliocene time. But uplift and erosion were the dominant processes at the time, and these processes developed the unconformity that separates the Pliocene from the Pleistocene (Map Unit Properties Table). Over time, the thin roof of older rocks was partly eroded away to expose the top of a large and complex granitic pluton. Some of the best exposures are found in the rugged cirques and peaks of the Tatoosh Range, from which the pluton is named (Appendix A). The granodiorite of the Tatoosh pluton is also exposed in the Carbon and White River valleys and part of the upper Nisqually River valley. Mapping reveals that the Tatoosh pluton completely underlies Mount Rainier and forms a platform upon which the volcano grew (Figure 10) (Fiske et al., 1988).
Quaternary Period: Pleistocene Epoch
At the time of the great Pleistocene Ice Age, the Tatoosh Mountains were undergoing glaciation in a very cold climate. A series of relatively fluid andesitic lava flows early in the Pleistocene flowed onto the rugged terrain carved into the mountain (Figure 7; Appendix A). Intracanyon lava flows filled ancient canyons to depths of 2.000 feet (610 m) and traveled up to 15 miles (24 km) from the young volcano (Fiske et al., 1988). Evidence of mudflow and glacial deposits interlayered with the lava flows indicates that glaciation was ongoing throughout this time.
These intra- canyon flows now form ridges or flat benches far above today's canyons. Originally, the flows filled the canyons, but the lava was more resistant to erosion than the surrounding strata. The vigorous erosion by rivers and glaciers preferentially cut the weaker rocks, excavating far below the floors of the old filled canyons.
Good exposures of old intra- canyon flows can be seen at Burroughs Mountain and the flat surface of Yakima Park where a stream of lava flowed about 7 miles (11 km) down the canyon of the ancestral White River. The end of this flow is exposed in the highway road cuts below Sunrise Ridge. The present- day canyon cut by the White River lies to the south side of the intra- canyon flow. The thick lava flow that underlies Rampart Ridge, just west of Longmire, is another example of a ridge that was once a canyon. Originally, the flow poured into the upper canyon of the Nisqually River. The ridges of old intracanyon flows stand in stark contrast to the younger flows that now lie at the bottom of a few present- day canyons.
The projecting fingers of intra- canyon lava lie in the shadows of the main cone of Mount Rainier. The cone is built from hundreds of thin lava flows, breccia deposits, and debris and mudflows. The cone began to be built from short streams of lava interspersed with ejections of breccia and ash. About 75,000 years ago, the volcano reached its greatest height of perhaps 15,500 to 16,000 feet (4,700 to 4,900 m) (Harris et al., 1995). Dikes radiated from the center of the volcano, like spokes in a wheel, and a plug of solidified magma filled the central vent.
Quaternary Period: Holocene (Recent) Epoch
About 5,000 years ago, the weak clay zones, steep slopes, high elevation, and abundant water and ice combined with a volcanic eruption to produce the Osceola Mudflow, one of Earth's largest known mudflows. The upper 3,000 feet (910 m) of Mount Rainier collapsed as distinct blocks of rocks quickly disintegrated into a giant debris avalanche, and mixing with abundant water and clay particles, transformed into a wall of mud cascading down the White River drainage. Thinning away from the mountain, the Osceola Mudflow deposited 100 feet (3o m) of mud near the present site of Enumclaw, 35 miles (56 km) downstream (Figure 4). Traveling at about 40 miles per hour (64 km/hr), the mudflow buried the site of an Indian village and eventually poured into Puget 2 8 NPS Geologic Resources Division Sound, 75 miles (120 km) from the mountain (Kiver and Harris, 1999).
Mount Rainier was built from material erupting from a central vent. A plug of solidified lava now fills this vent and is exposed in the precipitous east wall of Sunset Amphitheater (Appendix A). Two small plugs on the northwestern flank of Mount Rainier denote satellite volcanoes and three thick radial dikes extending outward from the summit area mark locations where lava erupted and flowed onto the lower slopes of the volcano. Two prominent dikes can be seen at Puyallup Cleaver and St. Elmo Pass where they stand as resistant ribs above the rocks they intrude.
Although Mount Rainier is the second highest peak in the conterminous United States, the mountain's peak was once considerably higher than it's 14,410 feet (4,390 m) today. The truncated lava flows in the upper part of the mountain slant upward to a former summit that was at least 100 feet (30 m) higher than the present summit (Fiske et al., 1988). Three hypotheses have been proposed as reasons for the summit's removal. Some geologists believe the pinnacle of Mount Rainier was removed by a violent explosive eruption, but fragments from this eruption have not been found. Others believe that avalanches and glacial erosion rapidly ate away the upper part of the mountain. Still others see the former summit collapsing into the central vent when the column of lava temporarily subsided.
The largest rockfalls on Mount Rainier in historic time occurred in December 1963, when a series of rockfalls, hundreds of feet across, fell from the steep north face of Little Tahoma Peak onto Emmons Glacier (Crandell, 1969A, B; Kiver and Harris, 1999). When the rock hit the glacier, it shattered into dust and countless fragments and then avalanched down the steep ice surface at a tremendous speed. At the end of the glacier, the rock debris traveled toward the valley floor over a layer of compressed air that reduced the friction and permitted the avalanche to move almost 2 miles (3 km) beyond the end of the glacier. This avalanche passed over a small wooden gage house about 5 feet (1.5 m) high without damaging it and then slammed into the north base of Goat Island Mountain. The force of the avalanche scraped away trees and bushes in the path of the flow. A later avalanche stopped just short of the gage house, but unfortunately, when the trapped wind was expelled from beneath the rock debris, the gage house was destroyed. At least seven rockfalls and avalanches from Little Tahoma Peak occurred in a matter of minutes or hours and some came to rest only a short distance up- valley from the White River Campground.
Today, fumaroles and occasional steam explosions on the flanks of Mount Rainier indicate continued heat flow, and seismic tremors suggest that future volcanic eruptions are possible.
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Log In now to add this Gigapan to a group gallery.
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About This GigapanToggle
- Taken by
- David Engle
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- Date added
- Oct 01, 2009
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- Oct 01, 2009
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The entire series can be seen here: tinyurl.com/y9edrjt
What happens on this annual even is that you spend the school week trying to fix up your roommate with a blind date, and if successful, decide on a clothing theme. Then, come Friday evening, all meet in the Academic Quad to find their date based on the clothing theme.
Great fun occurs and this one panorama is only a small taste as to what is to follow. There will be several of these panoramas U/L over the next week.
All these photos are 300dpi, so zoom in and have a good time looking around to see what you can find.
This collection of *panoramas* are similiar to the Beer Bike Parade *panoramas*: To see *portraits* taken at the Beer Bike Parade, click on this link: tinyurl.com/RiceUniversity-BeerBikeParade .
These 300-dpi photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 using a Nikkor 28-80 f/3.3-5.6 G lens and those in the second row were stitched using the GigaPan Stitcher software. As it was close to sunset, most, if not all of the photographs were flash photos (SB-800 flash unit).
The photos were assembled in PhotoShop on an old Mac G5, which was very time consuming, but well-worth the effort.


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This Backpacking tip of the week is from my good buddie Gary J.
He sends a tip about the ever so famous "Sham Wow!"
Carry a large ShamWow towel and use it as a clothes wringer. Wash out your t shirt, sox, etc. Roll 'em up in your handy dandy ShamWow and wring it out. Unroll The articles of clean clothing are nearly already dry! Hang in the sun for a bit or tie to backpack and voila.
Learn more about Sham Wow at their site.
Thanks Gary.
Try this one. It may be one more thing in your pack, but it is a multi use item so it works for me!
Have a Great Scouting Day!


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Get an overview of this hotelMotel in Byron Bay with free parking
Collect 200 Nectar points!
Simply enter your Nectar card number when you check out. Your points will be credited 35 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Located in the heart of Byron Bay, this motel is within 2 mi (3 km) of Captain Cook Lookout, Wategos Beach, and Cape Byron Lighthouse. Byron Bay Golf Course is 2.7 mi (4.3 km) away.
Property Features
Along with laundry facilities, this motel has express check-in and express check-out. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include tour/ticket assistance.
Room Amenities
All 7 rooms feature kitchenettes with refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and flat-screen TVs with satellite channels. Other amenities available to guests include coffee makers, hair dryers, and showers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Hibiscus Motel
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Hibiscus Motel features tour/ticket assistance, laundry facilities, and express check-in. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Total number of rooms - 7
- Number of floors - 1
- Express check-out
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Express check-in
- Luggage storage
- Laundry facilities
- Free self parking
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Kitchenette
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Satellite TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Free cribs/infant beds
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time ends at 6 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 10 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No elevators
Hotel Name
- Hibiscus Byron Bay
- Hibiscus Motel
- Hibiscus Motel Byron Bay


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Betty Crocker's Heart Healthy Cookbook shares a recipe! Start your day with these warm muffins made using Fiber One® cereal, packed with the goodness of apples, carrots and flaxseed. A wholesome breakfast!
"I love muffins, but a bakery muffin can have more than double the calories and fat of a homemade one. These muffins have flaxseed and fruit that I need to include in my diet. I bake them once a week, and keep them on hand." Marilyn B.
This muffin is a great heart-healthy choice for breakfast, because you get high fiber, Omega-3 and no cholesterol. Canola and olive oil are monounsaturated oils that can help improve your ratio of "protective" cholesterol to "harmful" cholesterol.
© 2017 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


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ylpnfol wrote:gettn outta bed at 4 a.m. on the 5th straight day.....
dewey wrote:gouldshunter wrote:Even though I have several turkey hunts this year my only goal is to take the dad that took me on my first ever hunt on his last ever hunt to harvest an Osceola.
I will be praying to the turkey gods that you and your dad have a successful and great final hunt together.
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Maybe some add on's that move? like orbiting tiny helper ships. Or just shift around a bit when you move.
Something like a small shooting ship you drag around on a short invisible (pretty stiff) spring might be fun
Sorry, I'm sure you have plenty of ideas yourself
Edited by Olof Hedman, 23 May 2012 - 02:20 PM.


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Our curried chicken and rice casserole mingle boneless chicken breasts with coconut milk and red curry paste for a savory dish that you can serve tonight or freeze for later.
Using just 1 teaspoon of red curry paste will make this a mild, family-friendly dish. For medium spiciness, use 1 tablespoon curry paste; for hot, use 3 tablespoons. You can also serve Sriracha sauce on the side for those who like spicy curries.
Bone-in chicken can be used in this recipe; just be sure to remove the skin so the casserole doesn't become too greasy. The baking time may need to be increased slightly for bone-in chicken.
Prepare casserole as directed—except do not bake. Cover with foil; freeze 2 to 3 months. Before baking, thaw in refrigerator overnight. Bake as directed, adding 5 to 10 minutes to baking time.
© 2017 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


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Pittsburgh Glass Center hosts Art on Fire benefitOctober 1, 2013 4:00 AM
It was another blowout for the Pittsburgh Glass Center during its Art on Fire benefit Friday night. More than 450 guests, including some defectors from the symphony gala made their way to American Eagle Outfitters headquarters on the South Side for what has become a food fest surrounded by exquisite blown glass pieces. The party in the AEO cafeteria, which featured glass artist Nancy Callan and her work as well as a live and silent auction was chaired by Susan and Scott Portnoy. No one turned into a pumpkin at midnight but plenty of hand-blown glass pumpkins went out the door with guests as they bought them up after enjoying peanut butter and jelly, s'mores and caramel and pretzel milkshakes for dessert. Among the many were PGC founders Kathleen Mulcahy and Ron Desmett, PGC executive director Heather McElwee, Cary and Richard Reed, Teri and Damian Soffer, Laura and Bill Dawson, Larry Leahy and Sam Taylor.mainevent


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The Karma 2'2" x 7'6" Rug by Nourison at Baer's Furniture in the Ft. Lauderdale, Ft. Myers, Orlando, Naples, Miami, Florida area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
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text: Home Pakistan news Pervez Musharraf Dancing With Wife In Function In USA! Must Watch Pakistan news Pervez Musharraf Dancing With Wife In Function In USA! Must Watch By Mubeen Bangash - September 25, 2016 4390 0 Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR Pakistan news Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan's spokesperson Ehsan-Ullah Ehsan surrendered today Pakistan news Senior Teacher of University the about Mashal Khan Incident Pakistan news Wasim Akram joins Careem Pakistan as CEO Pakistan news Pakistani Boys Teasing Chinese girl in Islamabad and fighting leaked video Pakistan news Young student of Mardan university beaten to death over blasphemy allegation. Warning: graphic content Recommend Article Facebook Facebook Messenger launched its exciting updates 'Payment support' Pakistan Video How priyanka chopra feel when she hear Azan Pakistan Video Jab 1 Naik Aadmi ko Tawaif Se Pyar Hua mobile Motorola plans to launch two new smartphones Motorola c and Motorola... Jazz Jazz introduced latest Jazz internet package – Jazz Daily Lite Internet mobile Another Chinese smartphone company 'Tecno' hoping to launch officially in Pakistan. Zong Zong launched the 'one-of-a-kind' concept store in Karachi on 17th April... World News Expected that Alibaba Group invest around $400 million in Pakistan. Pakistan Video PAKISTANI ADAKKARON KE SATH YE SHARMNAAK KAM World News Woman held after encounter in Lahore went to Syria for training Jazz Jazz introduce its latest social internet daily package – Jazz Social... Pakistan Video Top 10 Bollywood Actresses Who Married for Money cars Team Urban: Pakistani talented student's from GIKI Institude made a fuel... Pakistan Video Mashal Khan investigation By kashif Abbasi in Live Interview, professor got... Pakistan Video Top 11 Missing Child Actors Of Television mobile Top five mobile phones launched by Qmobile smartphone company. Pakistan Video MUJHY MERE USTAD NE PHONE PAR PEAGHAM BEHJA Pakistan Video Girl Drinking Cow Milk In India mobile Huawei sold 5 million smartphones 'Mate 9' in four months. Jazz Latest Call packages – Daily call package, Weekly call package, Monthly... mobile Qmobile Launched its new smartphone Noir S6s, now available in just... Pakistan Video Teen Teen Or Char Char Shadian Karne Wale World News Islamic state Militant Noreen Laghari Arrested in Lahore Pakistan Yayvo 15% off for all UBL Debid/Credit card user on all... World News Celebrations in PML-N camp after the Panama decision Ufone 4G auction: Only Ufone network company will participate in 4G spectrum... Pakistan Video Karachi Girl Video Viral Pakistan news Senior Teacher of University the about Mashal Khan Incident Jazz Latest Jazz weekly internet package – Jazz Weekly 1000MB Internet Bundle. mobile Samsung users will able to buy Samsung Galaxy S8 and Galaxy... mobile Maxx smartphone company launched its new smartphone 'Turbo T5' cars Gandhara Nissan: Local and Chinese manufacturer ready to launch vehicles in... Ufone Latest Ufone SMS packages – Daily SMS packages, Weekly SMS packages,... Zong Zong launched its new 'Zong Data Sim' for their customers. Pakistan news Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan's spokesperson Ehsan-Ullah Ehsan surrendered today Pakistan Video Thgon Ki Nani Amazing Story Pakistan Video Kashif Abbasi Reveals The Truth service Waseem Akram appointed as CEO of Careem hail-riding application for a... mobile Huawei launched its mid-range smartphone 'Huawei Enjoy 7 Plus' with amazing... Pakistan Video ACHANAK MERI DARHI UG GA E Pakistan Video Another video lacked of Benazir Airport Female FIA officers tortures passengers Pakistan Yousaf full interview with shahsawar ستہ مور د کم زئ دہ Pakistan Video FIA Woman Officer Beat Woman in Airport for asking Tissue Paper... World News Barcelona and Real Madrid having a strict fight in La Liga sport Ufone Football Cup: Ufone going to launch Football Championship in Balochistan,... mobile Infinix launch its new smartphone S2 with dual selfie camera and... Network PTCL announced his officially partnership with FC Barcelona football team Pakistan Video CLASS KE DORAN TEACHER NE ASA KAM KR DIYA Pakistan Video ISS KHATOON KO SARE AAM KODE KYUN MAREY Pakistan Video EK HAZAAR FALISTEENION


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Selinux is not for desktop usage
Ok, let me state emphatically. Selinux[1] is probably the most secure environment and system that you can get for free. It's emphasis is on a RBAC model which is different to lets say OpenBSD security through code approach. Anyway, I don't have time to get into a lengthy post about all of this right now because my brain is tracking on something else except to say that I don't believe Selinux is useful on consumer grade desktop systems.
In tight-security corporate roll out environments or secure military facilities or some such; it only makes sense on the desktop there. However i'm speaking about RUN-OF-THE-MILL machines. So you're desktop at home? It's retarded to have Selinux there because a run-of-the-mill machine is constantly changing needs and is general purpose. Writing new policy for every new thing you plan to do is a little silly. Especially because that policy will probably be insecure ANYWAY and it takes time to vet.
So Fedora with Selinux? Dumb. Ubuntu user distro with Selinux? Dumb. Etc user distro linux? Dumb. You get the idea. If you want a secure desktop, turn on a firewall and flip on encryption of your most sacred files. Apple has Filevault which is implemented extremely poorly even though I use it, obviously if you are using Unix then you are aware of your options etc.
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Syndicated 2010-08-05 13:57:07 from Christopher Warner » Advogato


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Featured Events
Students perform Dorfman play, Dec. 7-15
A student production of "Death and the Maiden," a play by Ariel Dorfman about Chile's transition to democracy, will be presented at 8 p.m. Friday and Saturday, Dec. 7-8, and Thursday through Saturday, Dec. 13-15, in the Matthews Acting Studio, 185 Nassau St.
A senior thesis production in the Program in Theater and Dance, the play is directed by senior Alex Ripp and features senior Dan Kublick.
Known for its portrayal of the struggle for human rights, "Death and the Maiden" was first produced in Dorfman's native Chile and has been staged in more than 30 countries.
Tickets are $8 for students, faculty, senior citizens and children, and $10 for others. They can be purchased on the University Ticketing website at www.princeton.edu/utickets.


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|2013-03-09, 16:56
|Link #2661
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2011
ichigo beat their kenpachi and byakuya and he was a 'mere ryoka'. afterwards, SS must have said: "eh, he probably got those powers in a crackerjack box. no need to question whether he's a descendant of one of our many missing captains. especially since he looks just like a couple people we used to know very well. time to concentrate on sitting in chairs and staring at grass"
|2013-03-10, 12:20
|Link #2663
Kana Hanazawa ♥
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: France
Age: 30
I doubt they would allow him four weeks of vacation in a row. I've only seen that happen when the author does a timeskip (it makes sense to take long break here). You can't put an on-going story on hold for four weeks unless you can't help it (sickness, accidents...).
|2013-03-12, 14:52
|Link #2664
Sisterhood of the Desu
Join Date: Aug 2012
Location: in a van by the river
If he's going to Germany, I sense we're about to get Quincy Qrap soon....
|2013-03-13, 03:58
|Link #2667
Join Date: Mar 2008
alright now i know this flash back is gonna be massive, so many questions..
1.whats that figure at the end
2.why does it look like ichigo
3.how exactly is misaki gonna give birth to ichigo+that "thing"
4.ishidas dad is exactly a nice guy
5.and most of all, how does misaki die against that hollow? why didnt she fight back? did she lose her powers?
And Kurosaki is actually a quincy family name
|2013-03-13, 04:21
|Link #2668
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Puerto Rico
|2013-03-13, 04:28
|Link #2669
Join Date: Mar 2008
-Grand Fisher was the one that did her in.
Thats the one i was talking about :P
-The hollow representing Hollow Ichigo and how it will probably injure Isshin to the point of not killing him, and thus, when he and Masaki have Ichigo, passes the hollow powers onto him. Fullbring arc teaches us something after all.
That actually makes perfect sense ^^
|2013-03-13, 04:43
|Link #2671
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Puerto Rico
|2013-03-13, 04:54
|Link #2673
Terror of the Seas
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: Cambridge, UK
Does this mean that as part of Ichigo's introspection Hichigo's going to reappear for the purpose of helping Tensa Zangetsu reform? That's going to make Ichigo a proper human/quincy/shinigami/fullbringer/hollow hybrid, and he shouldn't have room in his soul for all of those
Why aren't these chapters negatively-numbered? It's before chapter 1, and Hitsugaya learning about his powers is -16 or -15 (depending on the version) - this position in the continuity doesn't really work (unless it's a "How I Met Your Mother"-style retelling of events, except with more hollows)
|2013-03-13, 06:47
|Link #2676
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
So I guess Aizen really does turn out to be Ichigo's father in a sense--to at least one side of him anyways. Even if it was by chance, the fact of the matter is, without Aizen, I guess Ichigo wouldn't have been born (since Isshin wouldn't have ended up in Karakura town), nor would he have inherited traits from that particular vasto lorde. I'm also beginning to see the reason for Ryuuken and Isshin's awkward relationship. Plenty of potential reasons for why Ryuuken could both hate and respect the guy. I'm intrigued.
|2013-03-13, 07:38
|Link #2677
Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Location is all relative.
So lets run down the list of categories Ichigo falls into:
-Part human.
-Part shinigami/Vizard.
-Part Quincy.
-Part Hollow.
-Part Fullbringer.
Did I miss anything? Next you'll be telling me Ichigo is also related to Elvis and Babe Ruth.
Despite my confusion at the giant melting pot of Ichigo's heritage, I must say that this chapter was FAR better than than the recent ones, especially the Kenpachi vs. Unohana fight. Masaki looked and acted a lot like Orihime (in her early days) which is good because we haven't seen her for what feels like eons ago. Ishida looks a lot like his grandma...maybe that's why his dad wasn't very nice to him.
But the pace is good and it looks like a set up for some very interesting revelations. Color me interested how this Vasto Lorde-looking Hollow got integrated into Ichigo's Spiritual side.
|2013-03-13, 07:47
|Link #2678
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2008
Age: 31
|2013-03-13, 07:50
|Link #2679
Evil Mage
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: There...no, not there.Yes, there!
Age: 25
I think it's safe to say that the fight with that hallow caused Isshin to lose his shiningami powers. But if it was so strong... how the hell Aizen managed to control it?
|2013-03-13, 07:50
|Link #2680
Join Date: Mar 2006
I don't think Ichigo's mom was much of a Quincy. This chapter seems to imply she's only really doing all of this because she has nowhere else to go, and she's masking her negative feelings about it with an overly positive one. She's not exactly getting to pick her own destiny here. The family only wants her because she can carry on the bloodline.
And if I had to place my bets, the maid is Ishida's mother. Definitely similar looks.
Anyway, my guess is Ichigo's Quincy bit is just his base. They're just spiritual humans after all, like Chad or Orihime or the Fullbring kids. The real pillars have always been Zangetsu and Hichigo. They've supported him the entire story, pretty much. But we know how he got Zangetsu....the question is how'd he get this badass Hollow? My guess is this is where Aizen comes into play. Is it a Voldemort scenario, where he injures the kid and transfers power? Or did he do something to the parents, and the kid inherited it?
I guess this does kinda confirm that the Kurosaki sisters will eventually grow to be quite powerful, one day.
Dumb question from me: what happened to the soul of Ichigo's mom after the Grand Fisher killed her?
|bleach, chapter
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Everything you need for the PERFECT Get Away! All of the restaurants and shops in Grangeville are less than a mile away. We are also a short drive to many outdoor activities such as Hells Canyon, Lewis & Clark, whitewater river rafting, jet boat trs
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Books in English Language
Confidential Secrets of Bhajana is compiled from the lectures of Srila Bhaktivedanta Narayana Gosvami Maharaja, which were given during Kartika 1996 in Vrindavana on Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura's Bhajana-rahasya.
For thousands of years, devotees have sung Śrī Dāmodarāṣṭakam, especially in the revered month of Kārtika. These eight verses mark the profound blossoming of Śrī Satyavrata Muni's love for Śrī Dāmodara, as he prays, "Please appear before me in Your beautiful, eternal form as a young cowherd-boy, and grant me the perfection of life." The true meaning of this prayer remained mostly hidden until the late 1500s, when Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī wrote his elucidating commentary. Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyaṇa Gosvāmī Mahārāja's lively and poignant supplementary commentary serves to make these essential meanings even more accessible.
This lovely coloring book is based on Śrī Jayadeva Gosvāmī's Daśa Avatāra Stotram, its famous Sanskrit verses and their translations preceding the sketch of each avatāra. The drawings are an excellent tool to help one recollect each of Śrī Kṛṣṇa's ten incarnations.
Discerning the True Sentiments of the Soul is the revised and enlarged edition of Srila Bhaktivedanta Narayana Gosvami Maharaja's booklet regarding sahajiyaism and sahajiya babaji culture, entitled Gaudiya Vaisnavism vs. Sahajiyaism. The book is comprised of Srila Gurudeva's lectures which inform all sincere aspirants regarding the real process of bhakti and how they can protect themselves from the danger of becoming influenced by imitation bhakti.
This book captures the wonderful interactive nature of a series of eleven classes given in Badger, California, 1997. The reader thus feels present in that assembly and thrilled to receive the combined instructions of Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyaṇa Gosvāmī Mahārāja and Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Svāmī Mahārāja (Śrīla Prabhupāda) on Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī's Śrī Upadeśāmṛta. Anyone who wants to remember and practice these teachings will find an abundance of inspiration in the pages of this book.
This is a summary work examining the verse "Absorb your mind and heart in Me, become My devotee, worship Me, offer your obeisances to Me, and certainly you will come to Me.", the essence of the Bhagavad-gita. This brief publication offers vivid illustrations of the practical application of this verse with many pastimes of Krishna and our great saintly predecessors.
From the ancient Vedic scriptures of India comes the famous epic of Prince Prahlad.
Long ago, an evil monarch named Hiranyakashipu seized control of the entire universe. Although he made life impossible for all, his son Prahlad, who was always absorbed in meditating on the Lord, remained undisturbed. Seeing the boy's natural predilection for spiritual life and thus taking him as an archenemy, Hiranya-kashipu tried to kill him, but without success. If we follow the teachings of Prahlad Maharaja, we will also become fearless pure devotees of the Lord.
This exceptional book, a compilation of five essays, is glorified by all those in the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava sampradāya for fearlessly glorifying and protecting its philosophical principles. The five topics are (1) The Śrī Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava Sampradāya and Sannyāsa, (2) Pāñcarātrika and Bhāgavata Guru-paramparā, (3) The Gauḍīya Sampradāya is in the Line of Madhvācārya, (4) Babājī- veṣa and Siddha-praṇālī and (5) Eligibility to Hear Rāsa-līlā Kathā. Each refutation is elaborately and conclusively proven with evidence from śāstra.
"With folded hands, it is our earnest prayer that, after deeply and seriously studying this Prabandha-pañcakam, the camaraderie within the pure sampradāya may be protected and preserved." [Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyaṇa Gosvāmī Mahārāja]
A priceless collection of Sanskrit, Bengali and Hindi devotional prayers and songs written by the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava ācāryas. By learning these prayers and reciting them regularly under the guidance of a rasika Vaiṣṇava, one will be able to perceive the devotional moods of their exalted self-realized authors.
An unprecedented collection of devotional songs Sanskrit, Bengali and Hindi devotional poems, prayers, songs and bhajanas written by the Gaudiya Vaisnava acaryas and compiled for the practicing devotee.
What are the meanings of the praṇāma-mantra of the world famous ācārya, Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Svāmī Mahārāja (Śrīla Prabhupāda)? Only one who has deeply understood the mission of Śrīla Prabhupāda can explain this. With utmost respect entwined with sweet affection, Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyaṇa Gosvāmī Mahārāja offers explanations of this mantra that reveal Śrīla Prabhupāda's heart's desire and exalted position in our paramparā.
This treatise was originally written in Bengali, in the year 1986, for the 500th anniverary of the advent of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the scheduled yet hidden incarnation for this age of Kali, as established in Sriman-Bhagavatam and other Vedic literatures. It was composed by Sri Srimand Bhaktivedanta Narayana Gosvami Maharaja (Srila Gurudeva), Sri Caitanya Mahprabhu's illustrious personal associate, whose sole misson and most prominent speciality is to give clairty and emphasis to the specific, internal nature of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's all-compassionate mission in this world.
These translated lectures comprise the immaculate commentary of Srila Bhaktivedanta Narayana Gosvami Maharaja on Srila Sanatana Gosvamipada's Sri Brhad-bhagavatamrta. Descriptions given tell how, having recently arrived in Sri Vaikuntha-dhama, the most desirable of places and which entrance into is sought after by unlimited saintly persons, Gopa-kumar is feeling despondent and cannot even ascertain the cause of his own dissatisfaction. At that time he is approached by Sri Narada Rsi, who becomes his siksa-guru (instructing spiritual master) and enlightens him with the tattva necessary to complete his spiritual journey and thereby attain the fulfilment of all his long cherished internal desires in the transcendental land of spontaneous loving devotion to Sri Sri Radha-Govinda, Sri Goloka-Vraja.
In this beautiful song of the gopīs, we are taken to Śrī Vṛndāvana, to the bank of the Yamunā, where the gopīs are expressing the deep pain in their hearts in separation from Śrī Kṛṣṇa. The moods of their song would be impossible to understand had our venerable ācāryas not revealed them. In Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyaṇa Gosvāmī Mahārāja's commentary, he draws on the meanings they imparted, sprinkling them with the splendid realizations in his own heart, along with well grounded instruction for us all.
hare kṛṣṇa hare kṛṣṇakṛṣṇa kṛṣṇa hare harehare rāma hare rāmarāma rāma hare hare


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A group of students find shelter in a creepy research facility where scientists have been experimenting on a comatose serial killer whose mind invades their dreams in the bad 2006 horror movie Incubus. Tara Reid stars.
A dying vampire (Udo Kier) and his servant travel to Italy in order to find a virgin woman whose blood can cure him in the 1974 gory exploitation flick Blood for Dracula. After finding a suitable family with four beautiful daughters, the unlucky Count discovers that the older marriage-minded girls have all lost their virginity to the handyman (Joe Dallesandro). The nosferatu then sets his sights on the family's fourteen year-old but the handyman discovers the monster's scheme and quickly deflowers the girl before Dracula can have her. The movie actually has a scene with Kier crawling on the floor, lapping up the spilled blood from the girl's broken hymen. Actor / director Roman Polanski has a cameo.


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whose Kevin? ;)
Semana Santa
Trip Start Jan 17, 2007
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Last week we had exams at school, I know crazy second graders taking exams (hard ones too), and my kids did OK. I know they say that when a student fails it is really the teachers fault, but really they have never taught my class. Only joking, I definitely have some things to re-evaluate when I get back into the classroom on Monday.
Friday was Sports Day so after my students finished their Science exams, we all went out to the playground and played numerous games put on by the sixth graders and also had a mean soccer match against the other second grade class. We tied 0-0 My kids all dressed in yellow and were very well behaved, surprisingly
By Sunday I was back at home, with my bag already packed. The other teachers had left the day before for the other side of the peninsula, Malpais. So bright an early on Monday I got ready to take the ferry over. Then came a knock on my door, "We've been robbed!" You can guess my reaction.? I went down to Jewel's apt. to find everything had been ransacked and her TV was gone. So I quickly left the house to go tell her, she was in Malpais. I got to the sleepy town and checked my e-mail. Apparently the girls had left Malpais and went like 6km. away to stay in another little town called Montezuma. So of course I just went to Montezuma. To meet them there. I grabbed a quick breakfast and waited at a small cafe right downtown Montezuma (downtown, really the town is like 1/2 block wide and has maybe ten establishments, beautiful beaches though)
So I decided to make the most of it, I was planning on meeting another friend in Santa Teresa and Big Mike and Alison were headed there in the morning so I rode with them. We took a very long a scenic drive down to the bottom of the Nicoya Peninsula, Cabuya and Cabo Blanco National Forest. Absolutely breathtaking scenery there!! I loved it, I plan to live there at some point if that is the path I chose to take.
I spent most of the day with Big Mike and Alison, constantly looking for my friend whom needless to say never showed up!
On Thursday I hopped on a bus headed towards Tamarindo, well waited for like 3 hours then hopped on a bus. It was Kevin's birthday so I stayed with him and all his friends at there Coastal Spanish Institute. We had a bonfire on the beach and I finally got to surf. I didn't get up exactly put I certainly went under, several times. I actually got pummeled twice. Literally in the water saying "Liz, do not worry you will not die, you will be able to breath soon." Then the board comes crashing into my head. But I was able to knell and ride in a few white waters. Which made up for the semi-concussion. It was a great day sunburn and all!!
I just returned to Puntarenas a few hours ago, Saturday. When I got to Liberia there were absolutely no buses today or tomorrow to San Jose or Puntarenas. They stopped all transportation Thursday and Friday, they sold no alcohol in observance on Good Friday. Seriously practically no one in the whole country worked on Friday. But I still had to get home today, so I had to practically interrupt traffic to beg a bus driver to let me stand the whole way to Puntarenas 4 hours. It was worth it, because I took turns sitting with a very nice gentlemen and I am finally at home!!!!!!
Looking forward to starting school again, kind of? and am already planning the next trip. NICARAGUA, yes I have to get my passport stamped next weekend, has it really been three months?


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|For Sale by Owner Non-commercial items for sale!
|Topic Review (Newest First)
|How did I miss this!!!!
E.C. Powell Cane Rod Available
E.C. Powell medium action dry fly rod
-9'6" semi-hollow design
-WF7F (I have fished it with a DT8F and found it excellent)
-2 piece rod with spare tip in original tube and rod sock
-4 3/4 oz
-Patent No. 1932986 (inscribed on butt)
I sent it back to Orvis and had it appraised (appraisal dated March 26, 1992). I will supply a fax of the appraisal in advance if desired. The appraised value back then in "current condition" was $800. Condition described as "Excellent" with only defects noted as follows: "The varnish is chipped away in isolated areas and the hook keeper is missing. After careful thought, I do not suggest any repairs." I pulled the rod out last night and also noted that the tip top guide on one of the tips is loose and needs to be rewound. Not sure how it happened but looks like an easy fix. Note that Orvis identified the rod as circa 1948-49, but before it faded I read the original postage stamp from the factory as 1945.
This is a beautiful, strong, fishable rod. I have only fished it 2-3 times in the last 10 years I have owned it, but the last time out in 1996 it landed a 32" wild buck steelhead with no problem. I am selling it because I have an identical Powell rod in 9' and want to reinvest in a new spey rod.
Let me know if you are interested (or someone who might be) and make me an offer. I will be putting it on EBay in a week.
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Hi guys, just got back from a trip to Hattiesburg.
TRU had ZILCH. Rows of Saga Vader's. No new Titanium, either.
Target had rich pickings. I found most of Saga Wave 8, and only bought 1 R5-J2, leaving another on the pegs. There were several Seige Battalion troopers, the green Ep.2 clone sergeant, 1 of the Battle Droid pairs, and (strangely) a healthy number of Tatooine Luke's and Sandtroopers. There were no 5th Fleet Security clones or Kit Fisto's, though. There was also 1 Hailfire Droid and 1 Trade Federation tank, but no Vader Starfighters.
WM on 98 west had a massive stack of Cantina tins on clearance for $15. Not much else of interest there, though.


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142. The Demons of Red Lodge and Other Stories
Released December 2010
Four one-part stories:
1. THE DEMONS OF RED LODGE by Jason Arnopp
2. THE ENTROPY COMPOSITION by Rick Briggs
3. DOING TIME by William Gallagher
4. SPECIAL FEATURES by John Dorney
The Demons of Red Lodge
by Jason Arnopp
A long, dark night in 17th century Suffolk for the TARDIS travellers – when they find something nasty outside the woodshed.
The Entropy Composition
by Rick Briggs
A lost prog rock symphony is unearthed from the vaults – with catastrophic consequences for the entire cosmos.
Doing Time
by William Gallagher
On the planet Folly, justice catches up with criminal mastermind 'The Doctor' – but can he endure a year in the jug?
Special Features
by John Dorney
At last, the cult 1970s horror anthology Doctor Demonic's Tales of Terror is set for release on DVD, complete with a commentary from director Martin Ashcroft, leading actors Sir Jack Merrivale and Johanna Bourke, plus the film's historical adviser – the mysterious 'Dr John Smith'!
Doctor Who main range subscribers whose subscription includes this title will receive the complete Doctor Who audio drama The Four Doctors absolutely free. The adventure stars Peter Davison, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy and Paul McGann as the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Doctors, with Nicholas Briggs as the Daleks. The Four Doctors is a subscribers only release and will not be available to buy separately.
Written By: Jason Arnopp, Rick Briggs, William Gallagher and John Dorney
Directed By: Ken Bentley
Peter Davison (The Doctor), Sarah Sutton (Nyssa)
The Demons of Red Lodge: Susan Kyd (Emily Cobham/Ivy Cobham), Duncan Wisbey, John Dorney (Villagers)
The Entropy Composition: Andree Bernard (Erisi), Ian Brooker (Naloom), Joanna Munro (Mrs Moloney), James Fleet (Geoff Cooper)
Doing Time: John Dorney (Janson Hart), Susan Kyd (Governor Chaplin), Duncan Wisbey (Dask/Judge/Jabreth/Hobbling Pete)
Special Features: James Fleet (Martin Ashcroft/Sir Jack Merrivale), Ian Brooker (Professor Bromley/Narrator), Joanna Munro (Johanna Bourke/Carlotta), John Dorney (Mr Pinfield/Yokel/Running Man/Carriage Driver)


text:
Just read David Gelernter's Second Coming manifesto. Nice.
The topic of lifestreams comes up again - and the folly of file names. I guess it's time to try and implement a metadata-based filing system and build a groupware server around it. Groupware is Internet-wide communications writ small, and a good place to start.