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Enter the Dragon
Exploring the Internet Networking Context of China
Pekka Andelin
Malware Analyst
Lavasoft AB, Gothenburg Sweden
The rapid expansion of Internet usage in China has enabled several kinds of global online interaction. Such interaction - including social networking and the exchange of messages and files - exposes users to varying kinds of malicious scripting, spyware/malware, possible eavesdropping and different types of social engineering. Such risks have to be combated and minimized in order to secure a free and safe flow of information between the involved parties, to provide information assurance and to protect system integrity and user privacy. This article's objective is to explore the Internet networking context of China in order to identify possible IT-security related problems that may be taken up for further discussion.
The China-Italy-Germany Connection
There has been a significant expansion of Internet usage in China since the first connection between the Chinese Institute of Computer Applications (ICA) in Beijing and the German Karlsruhe University was made in 1987. September 20 of that year represents a starting point; an e-mail connection between the People's Republic of China and the Federal Republic of Germany was realized with the help of the World Bank's investments and many other contributing factors. In a time - the early 1980's - when the export restrictions of the United States government prevented the export of computers to China, the World Bank supported the import of computers to be used by Chinese universities. The export of German Siemens-powered computers became a reality as a part of the "World Bank Chinese University Development Project II."
The Chinese Institute of Computer Applications, which falls under the Chinese State Commission of Machinery Industry, came to play an important role in the Germany-China e-mail project, lasting from 1987 to 1994. The exchange of e-mails needed a packet-switched network path that could carry e-mail traffic between the two countries. This path (X.25) needed to be created. The initial carrier path was realized with the help of the Beijing Telecommunications, PKTELCOM, data network and an Italian carrier company, Italcable, which possessed a few leased lines between Italy and China. In this way, the network connection between Germany and China was routed through Italy. The very first e-mail message, which carried the subject line "First Electronic Mail from China to Germany," stated "Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world". This small step came to be a giant leap in offering global online communication capabilities. Even if the global reachability was a fact in 1987 the main aspect lacking was approval by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), which founded the Computer Science Network (CSNET.) The project was approved by NSF in late 1987. The .CN country code domain name for China was registered by ICA in November 1990, along with the help of the Karlsruhe University, responsible for running the primary domain name server for .CN within its premises. This made e-mailing with China's domain name possible by early 1991. (The root server for the top level .CN domain was relocated from Germany to China on May 21st, 19941).
The spread of knowledge relating to global computer networking was encouraged by the Chinese government and the scientific and computer communities came to be the "cores of knowledge" in this arena. Global cooperation, along with the technological achievements, accelerated. One such achievement was that the Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), falling under the Chinese Academy of Science, began cooperating with its partner in the US, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), opening up an e-mail connection in 1989. Another achievement was that a public infrastructure for e-mail exchange within China was developed. The establishment of a full Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connection between the US and China in mid 1994 marked an end of the "e-mail only" era in China, due to the fact that the protocols allow packets of data to take independent paths during transfer. This reduced the costs for sending e-mail and opened up services such as file transfer and Telnet (providing for remote log-on).2 The TCP/IP connectivity in China celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2004.
Moving Forward with Increased Bandwidth
China's connection to the Internet became official in September 1994 when the Chinese Post and Telecom Agency reached an agreement with the US Department of Commerce. The agreement, stating that two copper-line carried connections of 64 Kbits and 2 Mbits were to be used for data transfer, marked the start for China Telecom's Internet service, CHINANET. The public was allowed access to Internet resources, via phone modems and Digital Data Networks (DDN), in early 1995.3
Statistics and Trends of China's Internet Connectivity
Statistical analysis reports from sources like China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), serve as relatively accurate indicators of the current situation in terms of Internet connectivity and user demographics. One should, however, be careful predicting trends and future development on the basis of such statistics as the development rates in China are difficult to predict. Even if some relations seems clear, there might be significant deviations due to factors such as the availability and maintenance of local networks, sales campaigns, political reforms, price-changes in the World Market, fashion whims, etc. Significant deviations may also be caused by changes in the methods of measurement and analysis, or by statistical bias. When looking at the development of Internet connectivity in China, many statistical reports show great growth in all areas. Possible deviations and bias in the statistical reports has to be taken into account when interpreting the results.3
Internet user totals and Internet penetration rate
The latest statistics from CNNIC, from June 2008, states that the total amount of Internet users, or "Netizens" (described by CNNIC as "any Chinese citizen aged 6 and above who have used the Internet in the past half a year"), in the People's Republic of China had increased to 253 million; this represents a rise of about 128% when compared to the 111 million stated by "The 17th Survey Report" in January 2006.4 As a comparison, Internetworldstats states that the amount of Internet users in North America has increased by about 128% between the years 2000 and 2008. The CNNIC statistics point to the fact that China has the highest number of Netizens in the world.5 Statistics from CIA confirms that China has the largest amount of Internet users (253 million) in the world based on information from 2008. The US has 223 million Internet users based on information from the same year.6
Internetworldstats states further that the current Internet penetration rate (percent of population) for the world averages at an estimated 23%. The Internet penetration rate is about 73% for North America and 48% for Europe.8 According to CNNIC, the Internet penetration rate in China reached around 19% by the end of June 2008. The increase in Internet penetration rate between 2005 and 2008 is stated to be around 11%.6
Distribution of connection types
CNNIC states that the proportion of Netizens accessing Internet via broadband connections reached 214 million by the end of June 2008, representing about 85% of the total amount of Netizens in China. The corresponding share was about 58% in 2006. CNNIC states further that about 73 million, representing 29% of the total, Chinese Netizens accessed the Internet using mobile phones between January and June 2008.67/p>
User demographics
The share of female Netizens was stated to be about 41% in 2006. During the first 6 months of 2008, the share of female Netizens had increased to about 46%. In 2006, about 71% of Netizens were represented by people under the age of 30. By the end of June 2008, the proportion of Netizens under the age of 30 was about 69%. The amount of new Netizens in the first half of 2008, up to the age of 30, totaled at about 29 million. A major proportion, 55%, of the Netizens in China are unmarried with a relatively low income (approximately 74% of the Netizens have an income less than RMB 2000/month or 292 USD/month). Approximately 75% of the Netizens reside in urban areas. Approximately 33 million, or 16%, of the Netizens live in Guangdon (Central China), approximately 18 million, or 8%, of the Netizens live in Jiangsu (East China) and approximately 15 million, or 7%, of the Netizens live in Zhejiang (East China). The number of Netizens living in Shanghai amounts to a relatively modest 8 million, representing 4%, followed by the 7 million Netizens, or 3.5%, that reside in Beijing. Almost half of the residents in both Beijing and Shanghai are Internet users. Provinces in Central China have the highest growth rate of Netizens, exceeding 70%.67
The proportion of Netizens with a high school degree was roughly 30% in 2006. This figure increased to 39% by June 2008. According to CNNIC, the total of Netizens with high school degrees, together with the total of Netizens with junior middle school degrees, account for 91% of the new Netizens in the first half of 2008. By 2008, the proportion of Netizens between the ages 31 to 50 was about 27%. Students represent the largest proportion of Netizens, about 30%. The amount of new Netizens from the students group tends to increase by about 2.7 million per month.67
Domain names, websites and IP addresses
In 2006 the total number of domain names registered amounted to approximately 2.5 million (about 1.1 million .CN domain names). By 2008 the total amount of domain names was over 14 million, rapidly approaching the 15 million mark with an annual growth rate of 62%. Approximately 80% of the registered domains in China were .CN domains and about 17% were .COM domains in 2008.
In 2006, the number of "WWW" websites was estimated at approximately 694, 000 (including .CN, .COM, .NET and .ORG). By 2008, the total amount of websites in China was about 1.9 million. The annual growth rate was stated to be about 46% in mid 2008. According to Netcraft, the total of websites in the world increased significantly in February 2009 as an estimated 20 million sites that are served by QZHTTP (the web server used by QQ to host the Chinese qq.com domain and the blogging service provided by Qzone) were added. In March 2009, the total amount of QQ hosted sites increased to an estimated 29 million, making the Qzone blogging service surpass other blogging services such as Google's Blogger and Microsoft's Windows Live Space.89
In 2006 the quantity of IP (IPv4) addresses totaled at an estimated 97 million, distributed between the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao. By 2008, the total number of IPs was 158 million (representing 6% of the world's total amount of IPv4 addresses).67
The three largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs), China Telecom, China Netcom and the China Education and Research Network (CERNET), dispose the majority of the IP addresses in China. Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNI) has responsibility for the assignment/management of IP addresses within the Asia Pacific region including China. The five worldwide Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), one of which is APNIC, receive delegated Internet resources from The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA.) The RIRs then delegate resources to customers, for example ISPs, within their region in accordance with their regional policies. In order to simplify the procedures related to the acquirement of IP addresses, CNNIC allied with the major ISPs in China and created its own "IP Allocation Alliance" in late 2004. CNNIC is currently the only national distributor of IPs in China that has the possibility to apply for large numbers of IP addresses. Small operators in China may apply for IPs directly from CNNIC without a risk of being rejected by APNIC.10
International outlet bandwidth
The total bandwidth of leased international connections (including connections to the US, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Korea, Singapore, etc.) was about 136,000 Mbps in 2006. By 2008, it totaled at about 494,000 Mbps (0.002 Mbps per Netizen), showing an annual growth rate of 58%.67
Computer equipment and surfing conditions
The total of computer hosts by January 2006 amounted to approximately 49 million. By 2008, the amount had increased to about 85 million (including all types of domestic computers accessible to the Internet). According to CNNIC, the semiannual growth rate of computers accessible to the Internet is approaching 9% (the increase of such computer units increased by nearly 7 million during the first half of 2008). Desktop computers are favored by about 87% of the Netizens. Laptops and mobile phones are, however, rapidly gaining in popularity and a constantly increasing proportion of the Netizens use laptops and mobile phones to access the Internet. The amount of valid mobile phone numbers reached 592 million in mid 2008. Approximately 73 million Netizens (about 29%) used their mobile phone to surf the Internet in mid 2008. The number of Netizens surfing the Internet with mobile phones in China is highly influenced by the mobile carrier companies and their promotional campaigns. An estimated 63% of the mobile phone surfers are male, and 86% are under 30 years of age.
According to the 17th Survey Report from January 2006, a percentage of about 70% accessed the Internet from home, 38% from work places, 27% from Internet cafes, 19% from schools, and 1% from other public places. The 22nd Survey Report from 2008 shows that the share of Netizens accessing the Internet from home had increased to about 74%. The proportion of users accessing the Internet from Internet cafes had increased to about 39%, showing a semiannual growth rate of 39% in mid 2008. The statistics further show that the proportion of users accessing Internet from their school had dropped from 19% in 2006 to 13% in mid 2008.67
Online activities and top Internet applications
Among the basic Internet applications, 77%, or 195 million, utilize different kinds of instant messaging. Approximately 69% of the users, or 175 million, utilize online search engines and about 63% of the users use e-mail services.
Digital entertainment, especially online music, is stated to be the top Internet application with 214 million users, representing 85% of the Netizens in China. In the digital entertainment arena 71%, or 180 million, of the users watch online video while 58%, or 148 million, of the users conduct online gaming. CNNIC reports that 53% of the online gamers in China favor online role-playing games and that the average "role-player" spends about 12 hours/week on gaming.
Among the network media, almost 82% of the users, or 206 million, watch online news. This means that watching online news is the second most popular online activity in China, closely ranked to the listening of online music. Approximately 42%, or 107 million, of the Internet users in China utilize some form of blog or personal space and 28%, or 70 million, of the users spend time upgrading their blog and/or personal space on the Internet.
In the arena of e-commerce, 25% of the users, or 63 million, conduct online shopping and 23% of the users, or 57 million, perform online payments on the Internet. In mid 2008, Shanghai (53%) followed by Beijing (39%) became the cities with the highest online shopping penetration rates in China. China will, however, increase the efforts to promote e-commerce development further in order to reach higher online shopping rates such as the ones in the US (66%) and South Korea (57%).
An estimated 39%, or 98 million, of Internet users in China access different types of online forums or bulletin board systems and approximately 23% of the Internet users publish posts on these channels. CNNIC states that the "development momentum of the online community is very powerful".
According to the 22nd Survey Report from mid 2008, 23%, or 59 million, of the Internet users in China conduct online banking and about 17%, or 43 million users, perform online stock/fund transactions. Online job hunting is conducted by 15%, or 38 million, of the users and online education services are utilized by 19%, or 47 million, of Chinese Internet users.
IT-Security Related Problems
Xu Rongsheng, the former deputy of the computer center at Beijing's Institute of High-Energy Physics (IHEP) and one of the most important Internet pioneers in China, expressed his opinion regarding the greatest challenge for the future development of the Internet in China.
"On the technical side, the Internet around the world and in China is quite vulnerable to hackers. Security capabilities are definitely quite weak, I think. My own institute and a lot of my friends are working on areas related to the Internet and they are asking me to help them to find ways to maintain the stable operation of the Internet and their applications."1
The initial China-Italy-Germany carrier path providing e-mail capabilities to the People's Republic of China did not just bring people together. It also opened up the possibility to send large quantities of unsolicited bulk e-mail, Spam. China shares this spam problem with the rest of the world, as it has become a global problem. Many spammers have pursued the opportunity to move several, or all, of their operations to China, installing servers at data centers operated by Chinese ISPs. Chinese spammers have also been hired by other stakeholders that see an opportunity to outsource their "spamming business." This became a major problem for the Chinese ISPs as reports showed that an estimated 47 billion spam messages hit the Chinese users in 2003, leading to a situation where over one billion hours were wasted in the processing of spam. This also generated an economic loss that totaled to approximately 581 million USD.
In order to combat spam more aggressively the Internet Society of China (ISC), published its first blacklist in late 2003, blocking a total of 225 spam-sending servers. The Netizens of China were not the only ones affected by the fact that spammers had been able to operate from China. The spam originating from China-based servers was, and still is, a global problem. In order to gain more knowledge about fighting spam, ISC contacted members of Spamhaus, an international organization tracking spam operations on the Internet.11 In order to circumvent language barriers and the Chinese blocking of access of foreign websites, Spamhaus set up a Chinese language version of the Spamhaus website. One reason for the difficulty of fighting spam originating from Chinese servers is the large number of Chinese ISPs that are able to close down and open new sites continuously. The spammers may, to use one example, pay a monthly "salary" to a Chinese resident for the service of paying a monthly fee to a national ISP in order to host websites. The spammers also use other tricks in order to hide their activities from the Chinese ISPs, such as using firewalls to either hide their sites from the ISPs (for instance, blocking them from accessing the page) or to route the ISPs to innocent looking sites.12 China has also become a member of the "London Action Plan", an International Spam Enforcement Cooperation that was formed in late 2004.13
China has tried to strengthen the protection against spam further by adopting the "Regulations on Internet E-Mail Services". The regulations became effective on March 30, 2006. This anti-spam law regulates the sending of e-mail messages while also regulating the providers of e-mail services. The law urges E-mail Service Providers (ESPs) to protect their e-mail services in such a manner that they avoid fraudulent utilization. ESPs are also urged to log the activities on the servers, making it easier to find evidence related to spamming. ESPs breaching the regulations may face serious penalties from the Chinese Ministry of Information Industry (MII).
The regulations are an additional step in the process of dealing with insecure and poorly administered mail servers that could be misused by spammers.14 According to statistics from 2008, China is still a member of the "Top 12" list of spam relaying countries. China's proportion of the total spam distributed amounts to 6%. This places China as number 4 on the list.15
A Google report from early 2008 states that 67% of the malware distribution servers, along with 64% of the websites that link to them, are located in China. This may point to the fact that the security practices of Chinese website administrators are inadequate.
Another report by StopBadware.org, which bases its findings on data retrieved in May 2008, states that China hosts 52% of identified "badware" sites, more than any other country in the world. StopBadware.org is a partnership committed to protecting Internet and computer users against the threats posed by malicious software. StopBadware.org utilizes a list of active malicious websites provided by the Google Safe Browsing initiative. In May 2008, that list encompassed 213,575 websites.17
Google has access to the content of most webpages, as they continuously index the Web. In order to create the list of malicious websites, Google performs post-processing of webpages, looking for certain parameters that indicate malicious linking or coding. Examples of the detection criteria used by Google include elements such as IFRAMES pointing to locations known for hosting malware and heavily obfuscated code that could indicate a possible exploit along with malicious java scripting.17
It could be argued that China has a greater tolerance to threats represented by adware and spyware in comparison to countries in the western world. The usage of tracking cookies, pop-up ads and toolbars that installs without the explicit consent of users are commonly looked upon as "less desirable" by most anti-spyware/anti-virus companies in the western world. For example, adware such as CaiShow, Baidu, Zhongsou, Cinmeng, and Cinmus are frequently represented in the detection databases of most anti-spyware/anti-virus vendors in the western world. There have also been a higher number of legal disputes in the western world between adware vendors and representatives from the anti-spyware/anti-virus communities than in China. This has led to a situation where adware companies tend to distance themselves from - and avoid usage of -clearly malicious techniques.
In the Chinese context, the extensive usage of pop-up ads and tracking cookies has become more or less accepted. The main cause behind the creation of most malware is the hunt for monetary profit. The fact that money makes the world go around is also true for the malware-world. Even if there are many commercial producers of malware-like adware - which, in many cases, tend to walk the line between proper and improper practices, making these applications harder to classify for malware researchers - the flow of what could be called "classical malware" is rather constant. There is a great prevalence of ID theft programs in China, applications that are designed for password stealing or logging of keystrokes. The increased prevalence of such malware is closely related to the rapid expansion of IT and Internet connectivity in China. The fact that a constantly increasing amount of people utilize online services for e-mailing, banking, shopping, online payments and for different forms of entertainment attracts criminals that try to get hold of user's passwords and bank details in order to make and steal money.19 Sophos states that China accounts for approximately 11% of all malware. Password stealing malware and backdoor Trojans represent the greatest proportions of the stated percentage.14
Concluding Thoughts
The rapid expansion of IT, Internet connectivity and online networking has generated "digital living space" for the residents in China, at least for large proportions of the people living in urban areas. Analysis shows that it is difficult to predict future development in China as many parameters (for example political reforms) can influence future events. The greatest expansion takes place in the urban areas of China and it is hard to say if and when the people in the rural areas will be able to utilize the new technology. It seems likely that the Internet penetration rate, along with technological achievements, will continue to expand within the larger cities, creating even larger gaps in the technological level between urban and rural areas of China.
Additional points for further discussion
- There is concern that the strong censorship of the Chinese government may impair people's freedom in their digital living space. It is easy to understand the objective of a certain amount of content filtering, but such filtering has always to be done in a balanced way in order to respect the privacy of users. The concept and means of content filtering could be a possible topic for further discussion.
- Research shows that, by mid 2008, the majority of China's 253 million Netizens, or approximately 69%, were represented by people under the age of 30. The cities Guangdon, Jiangsu, Zhejang, Shanghai and Beijing have the most Internet users in China. Most of the Netizens are unmarried and almost three-quarters have a relatively low monthly income. It could, therefore, be argued that the purchasing power of this group of Netizens is relatively low (especially as 30% of the Netizens are students). This raises the need for low cost computer equipment, services, Internet access. If the Chinese government is willing to meet the needs of this group, and how the needs are to be met, could be possible topics for further discussion.
- The proportion of users accessing the Internet from home and Internet cafes has increased significantly between 2006 and 2008. Accessing the Internet via public computers does not only raise the need for privacy protection during the sessions, but also for ways to securely delete private data when finishing the session. These problems, along with possible solutions, could be topics for further discussion.
- The proportion of users accessing the Internet from school dropped between 2006 and 2008 showing a negative trend. The reasons for this are, however, unclear. The fact that approximately 73 million, or about 29%, of the Netizens accessed the Internet using mobile phones during the first half of 2008 raises security concerns. The concept and means of providing anti-spyware/anti-virus protection to mobile phone surfers in China could be a possible topic for further discussion. The amount of mobile phone Internet surfers are highly influenced by sales and promotion campaigns, from, to use one example, ISPs. The size of this group may therefore fluctuate significantly.
- The amount of new websites is increasing rapidly, along with the amount of assigned IP addresses. The fact that CNNIC, being the only national distributor of IPs in China, has made it possible for the small operators to apply for a large number of IP addresses directly from CNNIC has simplified the acquisition process. This has also made it cheaper to acquire IP addresses for the large number of small ISPs in China. It could be argued that this may have had a negative effect, as the possibility to register IPs easily - with less control than by the former distributor of IPs, Asia Pacific Network Information Center - is exploited by spammers. The possibility of registering large numbers of IPs easily, at a low cost, could also be utilized for spreading rogue software in the future. This could be a possible topic for further discussion along with exploring if, and to what degree, CNNIC or the ISPs in China are responsible for the content served on the hosted websites.
- China has had many problems related to spam, problems that mainly are caused by badly administrated servers and a low level of security consciousness among server administrators. China has done a lot to fight the problems, but still remains number 4 in the "Top 12" list of spam relaying countries. An estimated 67% of the malware distribution servers in the world are situated in China, along with 64% of the websites that link to them. The security practices of Chinese website administrators are inadequate. Servers have to be protected against exploits and the security consciousness of server administrators and ISPs has to be elevated. How this is to be achieved should be discussed further.
- China accounts for 11% of all malware in the world. The responsibility for and plan for dealing with that fact could be discussed further. Another interesting discussion point in this topic is if and why China has a greater tolerance to threats represented by adware and spyware than the western world.
- A majority of the Netizens in China listen to online music and watch online news. Social networking, blogging, utilizing forums and bulletin board systems are popular activities among the Netizens of China. The proportion of online shoppers is relatively low. Shanghai and Beijing have the highest online shopping penetration rates. Online role-playing is popular and the average "role-player" spends approximately 12 hours per week on gaming. China has approximately 59 million users performing online banking. The high number of compromised websites in China is a problem that should be addressed in order to protect the privacy of the large amount of Netizens that risk being routed to malicious content when clicking on links served by "reliable looking" websites. The high prevalence of malware such as password stealers and backdoor Trojans should also be combated. The ways to deal with these matters could be possible topics suitable for further discussion.
1PCWorld, "China celebrates 10 years of being connected to the Internet". http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/128099/china_celebrates_10_years_b...
connected_internet?pp=2&fp=2&fpid=1. Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
2Jay Hauben, "Some Steps Toward the Internet in China: 1984-1994". http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/china-email.doc. Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
3Niklas Dougherty (Lunds universitet), "Internet i Kina - Digital konvergens mot den femte moderniseringen". http://theses.lub.lu.se/archive/2006/05/08/1147106502-7886-67/Internet_i.... Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
4CNNIC, "The 17th Survey Report". http://www.cnnic.net.cn/download/2006/17threport-en.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
5Internetworldstats, "WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICS". http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
6CIA, "The World Factbook". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/21.... Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
7CNNIC, "The 22nd Survey Report". http://www.cnnic.net.cn/download/2008/CNNIC22threport-en.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-08.
8Netcraft, "February 2009 Web Server Survey".
9Netcraft, "March 2009 Web Server Survey". http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2009/03/15/march_2009_web_server_surve.... Retrieved on 2009-03-18.
10Chinatechnews.com. "CNNIC to Provide Easier IP Address Allocation Procedures". http://www.chinatechnews.com/2004/12/24/2062-cnnic-to-provide-easier-ip-.... Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
11Spamhaus.org. "About Spamhaus". http://www.spamhaus.org/organization/index.lasso. Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
12Vnunet.com, "Spamhaus breaches great firewall of China". http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2124844/spamhaus-breaches-great-firewa.... Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
13London Action Plan, "The Plan in Detail". http://www.londonactionplan.org/?q=node/1. Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
14OECD Task Force on Spam. "China, Law and Regulation". http://www.oecd-antispam.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=67. Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
15Sophos, "Security threat report: 2009". http://www.sophos.com/sophos/docs/eng/marketing_material/sophos-security.... Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
16Google Inc, "All Your iFRAMEs Point to Us". http://research.google.com/archive/provos-2008a.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
17Stopbadware.org, "May 2008 Badware Websites Report" .http://www.stopbadware.org/pdfs/StopBadware_Infected_Sites_Report_062408.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
18Google Inc, "The Ghost in the Browser - Analysis of Web-based Malware". http://www.usenix.org/event/hotbots07/tech/full_papers/provos/provos.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
19CA, "Malware in China". http://community.ca.com/blogs/securityadvisor/archive/2007/02/15/malware.... Retrieved on 2009-03-09.
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Who is Jesus?
But who is Jesus Christ? Let's allow Him to speak for Himself...
He is God: "I and the Father are one" (John 10:30). C.S. Lewis put it this way, "You can shut Him up for a fool, you can spit at Him and kill Him as a demon; or you can fall at His feet and call Him Lord and God. But let us not come up with any patronizing nonsense about His being a great human teacher. He has not left that open to us. He did not intend to" (Mere Christianity, pp. 40-41).
He is Savior: "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son that whosoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life" (John 3:16). The Bible makes it clear that "There is salvation in no one else; for there is no other name under heaven that has been given among men, by which we must be saved" (Acts 4:12).
He is the Only Way to God: Jesus said, "I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father, but through Me" (John 14:6). He didn't claim to be the founder of some great religious practice or the teacher of some great spiritual principle. He claimed to be the only way to God.
He can transform YOUR life!: The Bible says, "If you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you shall be saved" (Romans 10:9). You see, Jesus came to "seek and to save that which is lost" (Luke 19:10). That means YOU. But it all begins with who you say Jesus is? That is the question that every human being must answer. You see, only Jesus can save you from the power and penalty of sin. Only Jesus can transform your heart, restore you to a personal relationship with the God Who created you, and only Jesus can give your life eternal purpose. Will you right now turn from your sin and turn to Him by repentance and faith? If you ask Him, He will save you.
Need spiritual help? Want to know more about a personal relationship with Jesus? Drop us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Pudding the cat is big. He is orange. He is laid-back. And he's a lifesaver.
Just ask Amy Jung. The 36-year-old Wisconsin resident credits 21-pound Pudding with saving her from the grip of diabetic seizure mere hours after she adopted him from a local animal shelter.
"If something or someone hadn't pulled me out of that, I wouldn't be here," Jung told the Green Bay Press-Gazette newspaper.
Here's what happened: On Feb. 8, Jung visited the Door County Humane Society with her son, Ethan. She had no intention of adopting a pet; she and her son just wanted to play with the cats, who are allowed to roam free at the no-kill shelter.
But, as can happen with felines and humans, Pudding and Jung felt a strong and immediate connection.
"He just gravitated to her," Door County Humane Society Executive Director Carrie Counihan told TODAY.com.
Jung made an on-the-spot decision to bring Pudding home. Always a calm and relaxed guy, Pudding took to his new digs right away, displaying not a hint of skittishness on his first day there.
That evening Jung, who has been living with diabetes since the age of 4, went to bed at about 9:30 p.m. About 90 minutes later, she started to have a diabetic seizure. That's when, according to the Green Bay Press-Gazette, "Pudding planted his weight on her chest and, when he could not wake her, began swatting her face and biting her nose."
Dog saves 11-year-old boy from cougar attack
Jung came to her senses enough to yell out to her son for assistance. At that point, Pudding jumped up onto Ethan's bed and startled him into action. He immediately rushed to get his mom the help she needed.
More in Good News!
"Her doctor said she could have gone into a coma and not come out of it if much more time had gone by," Counihan said. "The fact that Pudding did what he did without knowing her that well is just amazing to me."
Since the scary Feb. 8 incident, Jung has followed her doctor's advice to have Pudding registered as a therapy animal.
"I think he's already made his first trip to Walmart," Counihan said.
Pudding had been living at the shelter for about a month before Jung took him home. He arrived there in early January with another cat named Wimsy after their owner died. Jung adopted Wimsy, too, because she didn't want to separate them.
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Cat protects couple from deadly gas leak
This wasn't Pudding's first stint at the Door County Humane Society. In 2008, a family surrendered him to the shelter because their son was allergic to cats. His name at that time was Starbuck. His last owner, the woman who just passed away, decided to change his name to Pudding.
"Pudding is 8 1/2-ish now — not too old," Counihan said. "And Wimsy is 3 years old. Maybe he'll pick up some of Pudding's powers."
Roast Beef the penguin charms nursing-home residents
Need a Coffey break? Friend TODAY.com writer Laura T. Coffey on Facebook, follow her on Twitter or read more of her stories at LauraTCoffey.com.
© 2013 NBCNews.com Reprints


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|Dear Johnathan Thank you. Thanks & Regards, Prashant S Akerkar
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I can answer a broad range of questions about both academic and creative writing. I can answer questions about APA format, research and references, essay structure and more. I am particularly helpful in the areas of character development, storyline development, etc. and I can provide authors with an array of tools to help them organize their work.
I minored in English for my Bachelor's degree. I have also written several books and I run a small publishing company. I have written both fiction and non-fiction books and I have been published in newspapers and written articles for major internet websites.
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The TomTom Spark Music + Cardio Large GPS Watch is the perfect daily fitness companion, tracking your daily steps and sleep patterns in all conditions. For the more motivated go-getter, the Spark Watch features an indoor training mode for the gym, race mode to compete against past workouts, and an interval mode to create custom workout sessions. The customizable strap allows you to mix and match from day to day and the 3 gb of music storage holds all of your favorite pumped up songs.
Free Shipping on All Domestic Orders
See international and additional shipping information here. Tax is only charged if shipping to California.
If, for any reason, your purchase wasn't exactly perfect, we honor return requests within 30 days from the original purchase date. To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it in. It must also be in the original packaging. Customer is responsible for return shipping costs. To initiate a return, please fill out the quick form at the bottom of our Returns Page.
Please note that special or custom-made orders are non-refundable, as well as any body care or hygienic products (you wouldn't want to purchase used body wash, right?).
For large adventure and furniture items, such as kayaks or paddle boards, a 20% restocking fee will be incurred as we do team lifts to repackage and put these heavy items back into storage.


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VIP Party, Home of Celeste and Charles Patrick, Sunday, May 24, 2009
John Dunnan and his son, Mac, were in good spirits when we arrived simultaneously at the Church Street home of Celeste and Charles Patrick for an early evening garden party before heading to the Mem for the evening performance of Don John. Tom and Joann Nipper walked up about the same time, and Joann and John began coaching Mac on the proper form for executing a successful courting maneuver on the joggling board out front.
In a blink, all three were on the board. In their exuberance, they were carrying on some pretty aggressive joggling (I'm not at all sure Victorian Charlestonians would have approved). Let's just say the joggling board folks could hire the three for quality testing purposes, because they were pushing the apparatus to its full limits. I fully expected one of them to joggle right off, up, and through a front window. The scene and the trio's laughter were attracting quite a lot of attention as other guests entered the piazza door just to their left.
"John and Joann haven't even been to the bar yet," I explained to John's wife, Meredith, who was walking up just then with a bemused look. "No," replied John, "but I have been on Merrill's boat all day—that's why I'm wearing boat shoes with my suit." "How Jay Gatsby," I said. Turns out Merrill Benfield had chartered this vintage 90-foot wooden yacht to entertain folks during the Rolls and Bentley club he'd been hosting in town over the weekend, so apparently a few folks had a jump on the partying (which became apparent when Elisabeth and I ran into Merrill later at the Alvin Ailey party at Tristan around midnight and he actually greeted us with a hearty and sincere, "Merry Christmas!").
Just inside the piazza, things were a little calmer. Celeste Patrick offered a relieved smile when I mentioned the weather, since showers had been passing across the peninsula all day. Now that the sun was shining merrily, the only token of all that rain was that it gave their garden a fresh bit of perkiness. Even with everything going on around town, though, Charles and Celeste had managed to finagle getting an additional tent up that afternoon, just in case.
The bar was tucked in the end of one tent, but dominating the opposite side was someone—something—who looked familiar. Wait, it was the girl-in-the-table from Bubbles & Sweets. "Do you wear that table everywhere you go?" I asked her. She was offering some very tempting and refreshing looking Blue Lagoon cocktails. Passed hors d'oeuvres catered by Fish included delicious tuna tartare served on edible pastry "spoons" and pulled pork barbecue. Meanwhile, a buffet set up on the piazza was attracting an eager crowd with its scrumptious build-your-own soft-shell fish and grilled shrimp tacos with such accompaniments as rice, guacamole and fresh salsas.
In line for food, I ran into Todd Brown. I asked him if he and his wife, Melissa, had been to any performances yet. He said he hadn't, so I tried, very unsuccessfully, to try to explain the extraordinary Alvin Ailey performance the night before. "I really don't know how to tell you what they were doing," I finally said. "That's alright," he replied, "you could have told me anything and I wouldn't have known the difference."
Before heading off to pick up Elisabeth on the way to Don John, I ran into a few Spoleto folks, producer Nunally Kersh, marketing and PR manager Caroline Maas, and the always impish looking Louise director Sam Helfrich were conspiring about something. "You're everywhere," Nunally said as she spied me with my camera. Sam groaned and claimed he didn't like his picture made, but he was a good sport about it nonetheless. Caroline said she'd look for me at Tristan late that night for Lawson Robert's Alvin Ailey party. Back on the sidewalk, I glanced at the Patrick's joggling board, which was sitting there with its prim South of Broad reserve, as if nothing had ever happened. But I knew better.


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Pot de creme
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White Chinese export porcelain pot de creme (a) and lid (b), painted in blue and gilt. Pot de creme has flower basket design and foliate band on rim, with crossed handle. Lid has leaf and geometric borders in blue, gilt, and red and central strawberry finial. See "relations."
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Private Lodges Away from Mass Tourism and a Private Open Deck Railcar in Copper Canyon. Naturalist Resident Guides offer Active Hikes or Sightseeing in Vans. Excellent Birding and Cultural Visits
Go hiking & trekking on your vacation. Enjoy the outdoors, get some fresh air and view the beautiful scenery on our Mexico hiking trips. Our trekking tours are a great way to see the natural landscape. Guided hiking trips are a fun activity for people of all ages and abilities. Experienced guides will help you identify the native plants and animals in the area on our Mexico hiking tours. Our trekking trips are great for backpacking adventures. Hike through the forest with a small group on our guided treks and meet people who share the same interest in activities. Browse our Mexico hiking and trekking and plan your adventure today!


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The California Department of Public Health (CDPH), Network for a Healthy California (Network) is pleased to release a funding opportunity for local health departments (LHD) to implement comprehensive SNAP-Ed programs.
LHDs will serve as the lead health agency in their respective jurisdictions. They will coordinate with local partners and involve multiple sectors in spearheading efforts to improve the nutritional status and prevent obesity among California's low-income population in accordance with the USDA's SNAP-Ed FFY 2013 Guidance.
This funding opportunity is being done as a result of CDPH's planning process to maximize the health impact for low-income populations. Besides individual and group nutrition education, allowable uses of funding include; "comprehensive, multi-level interventions at multiple complementary organizational and institutional levels; and community and public health approaches to improve nutrition." A comprehensive approach is needed to reverse the obesity epidemic and reduce health disparities for California's vulnerable populations.
$30.25 million has been set aside for this purpose. Funding allocations are population based (i.e., number of SNAP-Ed eligible population at or below 185% of FPL). Small, medium and large counties, totaling 44 LHDs, will be funded with a grant term of October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2016. Very small counties are expected to receive funding in FFY 2014. These counties will be funded on a cluster (2 - 4 counties) or mini-region basis.
Thank you for your interest in this funding opportunity. LHDs need to submit a Letter of Intent by June 11, 2012. Application package due July 13, 2012.
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By Bobby Harrison/NEMS Daily Journal
JACKSON – The leadership of the Legislature and Gov. Phil Bryant started the 2013 session with the goal of conforming the governance of local school districts so that all school board members are elected and all superintendents appointed.
That outcome will not be achieved during the 2013 session.
Late Monday, Bryant vetoed legislation that would have developed a committee to study the issue of electing school board members.
"Mississippi does not need more studies," Bryant said. "It needs reform." Bryant said he would work with legislators during the 2014 session to achieve the goal of electing all school board members.
Senate Education Chair Gray Tollison, R-Oxford, said there would not be an effort to override Bryant's veto. Plus, he said the House and Senate Education committees had the authority to study the issue before the 2014 session without the legislation.
The original intent of the legislation was to elect all school board members, but because of opposition it was amended to create the study committee.
Generally speaking, municipal school districts have school board members appointed by the mayor and governing board and superintendents selected by that appointed school board.
Some districts have a combination of appointed and elected school board members, especially when the municipal district has territory outside of the town's boundaries. In a few cases, there are areas in school districts outside of the municipal boundaries that do not have any representation on the board.
Of the 146 elected superintendents nationwide, 62 are in Mississippi – primarily in county districts that also have elected school board members.
Legislation dealing with making all superintendents appointed also is facing opposition.
The House proposal gives residents in the districts that have an elected superintendent a vote on whether to change to an appointed school head. The Senate proposal would allow a vote if a specified number of voters signed a petition.
Tollison said he hopes the differences in the two chambers can be worked out in conference and legislation passed this year dealing with appointed superintendents.


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I am experienced at troubleshooting and solving all types of plumbing problems. Issues related to specific manufacturers fixtures and specifications though are beyond my field of expertise. I have dealt with problems in both rural and urban areas, and with water supply and drainage systems. Plumbing issues can be very obscure... such as odors, stains or occasional seepage. I have even had to chase rats from a customer's sewer line.
I have 25 years experience dealing with plumbing systems (which also includes hot water and steam heating systems). My main expertise is in diagnosing and solving problems. I have worked in construction and installation of new systems but do not regard myself as an expert in that area.
Asbury Park Press, Seattle Times, Denver Post.
I completed high school and one year of college. I served 4 years in the Marine Corps and have education in electronic and electrical troubleshooting and repair. I have attended classes on installing and repair of oil burners, and I have EPA universal certification for air conditioning and refrigeration. I am now enrolled as a full-time student at Everest college to re-train for a new career. Any donations of financial support would be greatly appreciated.
Past/Present Clients
All of Denny's Restaurants in NJ, Several Burger King stores, I have done work at two different homes for Bruce Springsteen. I have also worked for Jim Johnson (of J&J) and his family, Whitney Houston, Steve Forbes and many others.
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- Updates - FAQ plugin for Joomla! 3Preview | Read more...
Our FAQ plugin is now compatible with Joomla! 3
- Updates - Scriptegrator & Mini Polls pluginPreview | Read more...
Hi all, I just updates these two extensions - Scriptegrator & Mini Polls plugin. Also worth to mention - Polls extension is now fully compatible with Joomla! .
- New app - PeoplenotesPreview | Read more...
Hello everyone. I'm happy to announce that I've been working on new application called Peoplenotes.
What's this application for?
Well I work as a team leader in the biggest e-shop in Eastern Europe (Mall Group) and I'm responsible for our e-commerce platform across six countries. I work with many people on daily basis and I have to store information about them - what they're working on, their achievements, their goals, fails, interests and other life-pieces I can use next time we get together.
Until now I've stored all informations in Google Contacts/Drive, OneNote, occasionally in Evernote. And I was slightly annoyed evertime I forgot something just because I wasn't able to find the proper information or even say where I wrote it at first place. So I did some research (and by "research" I mean google'ling) and ended up with new app for exactly this purpose.
Now I have informations about people I've met on one place (my personal single source of truth). I can add new contacts, write some notes or add an attachment. And I can search in all those resources as well.
Testing version
Current version is just for testing purposes. You might find this application useful the same way as me and my friends. It is not even "beta" yet. Please help us to test it and if you have any questions or ideas how to improve it, please let us to know:
I'm not greedy - I want to share it with you :-)
Click on logo bellow...
Core Design Scriptegrator plugin
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Plugin contains some helpful JavaScript libraries (jQuery, Highslide, Semantic, etc.). It's a necessary plugin for a most of Core Design extensions.
Core Design Login module
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Core Design Login module for Joomla! based on Highslide JS. This module displays a Username and Password login form. It also displays a link to retrieve a forgotten password. If user registration is enabled, (refer to the Configuration settings), then another link will be shown to invite users to self-register.
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This plugin allow you easily to insert the nice tabs into your content.
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Searching for place to save details about people you've met? We found one for you. It couldn't be easier. Show people you actually care.
If you use HipChat and you are forced to watch multiple rooms, you might find out this application super useful.
Do you spent a lot of time on meetings? Then just measure the cost and do something useful to help yourself and the company to grow.
Do you suffer from computer vision syndrom? Sitting in front of the computer, having dry eyes or headaches? This app will help you with it.


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"Oh no! Not Patricia Flipp!" the children would moan in unison, making a joke of her name. When they were younger, I did sometimes give in to Iron Maiden. Metallica. Rihanna. Now they're all individually plugged into their music on their phones, or busy texting away.
If I'm not settling for a moment of peace and quiet, I listen to one of my business CDs. Patricia Fripp I review often, as she's a fabulous speaking coach, one I've downloaded onto my iPhone and play via Bluetooth in the car.
Just one little sentence
Over the past two years, how many business CDs, podcasts, mp3s or books have you bought? Seminars, conferences, workshops you've attended?
It's an investment of time and money that can pay off dramatically for you - personally and business-wise.
It's that one little sentence you'll read or hear - one little idea that when applied, will make a significant impact on you.
With the summer upon us and a disquieting economic environment, it has not been so important to be at peak productivity and in the forefront as it is now.
View this as a timely reminder not to be too busy. Make time to improve your effectiveness - personally and in business.
Be on the lookout for ways to enhance how you work, how you "sell", market, deal with clients, manage your time.
Where can you go to further your development?
Networking functions
Associations - join them and use their websites
Sign up for newsletters
Internet searches on a subject
Courses and training


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Family: Hexanchidae, Cow Sharks view all from this family
Description Skin color ranges from tan to brown, or as dark as black. It has a light colored lateral line down the sides and on the fins' edges. There are darker colored spots on the sides. The general body shape is a heavy, powerful body with a broad head with small eyes. The pupils are black and the eye color is a fluorescent blue green. One dorsal fin located near the caudal fin. Pectoral fins are broad with rounded edges. There are six gill slits which gives the shark its name. Most common sharks today have only 5 gill slits. As an adult the bluntnose sixgill shark can grow to a massive size. True body length is determined by the gender of the individual. Males generally average between 309 and 330 cm. Females tend to be larger, averaging between 350 and 420 cm. This shark can attain a length of up to 550 cm.
Dimensions Up to 16' (4.8 m).
Habitat Ocean or bay shallows.
Range Southeast, Florida, California, Northwest, Western Canada.
Discussion Although sluggish in nature, the bluntnose sixgill shark is capable of attaining high speeds for chasing and catching its prey. Because of the bluntnose sixgill shark's large and diverse range they have a wide variety of prey items. Their diet consists of a variety of mollusks, crustaceans, Agnathans (which is a family consisting of hagfish), and sea lampreys. They also dine on Cape anchovies, Pacific salmon, various species of hake. There are also many more species that are eaten depending upon the shark's home range. Despite its size, the shark is not known to have eaten any humans.


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The one thing not mentioned too much in this thread are health clearances. About 10 years ago the ACC did a survey on the diseases of the Chesapeake. (Results here: http://amchessieclub.org/survey/) Since then a bit more information and testing has developed regarding DM and EIC. Know what diseases are prevalent in the breed and what the overall implications are for a pup that is genetically predisposed to one of these diseases. Know also that you can minimize your probability of getting a pup with one of these diseases if you insist on the proper health clearances and checking the genetic pedigree of the breeding. While most breeders will be open and honest with you regarding the health certificates their dogs may have, don't be afraid to check them out! Good places to look include http://www.offa.org/ and http://www.chessieinfo.net/ .
Also, if you have any further questions don't be afraid to ask.
T. Mac
Well so far I have learned that the people into chessies really know their stuff about the breed and history! Holy cow I have a lot to learn. But I am enjoying it. Spoke to Bill tonight got some good leads, learned a lot of info and now I am researching a lot of names and pedigrees he threw at me. If anyone hears of any good breedings, MH on both sides, please let me know (preferably in the midwest).
I know of a repeat breeding of a DC/AFC to a MH/QAA female. PM me and I can put you in touch with the owner.
Julie R., Hope Springs Farm
Chesapeake Bay Retrievers since 1981
Carol Howey
Owned and handled by Cruisin' with Indiana Jones, JH
Alternate Handler: Westwind Buffalo Soldier
Apprentice Handler: Snake River Medicine Man, SH
Jim Weitzel
The "right decision"to a retriever is generally that decision which feels good or is the most convenient.So its the trainers job to teach the dog that what feels good is that which pleases the trainer.
Cotton Pershall
Trust me Jim, he does! I love to train this dog, but I will never take him to another trial. All his "humor" comes out when he has an audience.
Carol Howey
Owned and handled by Cruisin' with Indiana Jones, JH
Alternate Handler: Westwind Buffalo Soldier
Apprentice Handler: Snake River Medicine Man, SH
And let's not forget the "bumper attack" story. Truly shows the intelligence and sense of humor.
Scout has a habit of picking up the bumpers correctly, then slowing down as he gets close and then cigaring them. Why? Because he can. It's a little game he plays. I suggested seeing if we could clean it up, so we used a bumper with a PVC pipe reducer on the tab end. When Scout realized he couldn't get hold of the tab end, he got so frustrated! The look on his face was priceless. Anyway, that bumper got tossed into the pile behind us with all the others we'd used on that setup. As we are all standing there talking, Scout went over to the pile, dug out that particular bumper, and attacked it, trying to get rid of the pipe reducer. He wanted that PVC off of there NOW!
What can you do except laugh?


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Does anyone remember a reference from either the Thrawn trilogy or the Hand of Thrawn duology about how Darth Vader lost his hand?
Mara Jade tells Luke that the destruction of the first Death Star "cost Vader his hand". Apparently, a punishment by the Emperor.
Now, we find out in EP2 that Anakin lost his hand by Count Dooku.


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But when we look at the Cape Colony at the present day, the doubt at first forces itself upon us whether there is a Progressive Element at all. Would this unbroken spell of Retrogressive legislation and political flaccidity be possible were really Progressive Elements existent in the country?
In times past there was such an element. Small but united, there was a Progressive Party of which no advanced European people need have been ashamed. From the days of Pringle and Fairbairn to the page: 87 days of Sir George Grey and Saul Solomon, not only was South Africa not wanting in liberal and advanced individuals, but these individuals had their influential following. It was by these men and their party that our most advanced institutions were created, our comparatively broad basis of enfranchisement instituted, our most beneficent educational establishments, native and otherwise, founded, and the recognition on our Statute-book of the fact that to all men, irrespective of race and colour, the law should deal out an even-handed justice—this and much more was the work of these men.page: 88
When to-day we see how steadily we are undoing this work, and legislating in opposition to it, and how entirely opposed to the Progressive spirit of the past is that which guides our public councils to-day, the suggestion will force itself upon us: "Is not the Progressive Element dying or dead among us?"
For years past Retrogressive measure after Retrogressive measure has stained our Statutebook; undesirable commercial contracts have been entered into, subjecting public interests to personal gains; the name and prestige of the Cape Colony have been used for the attain- attainment page: 89 ment of extra-colonial ends in a manner we do not desire—yet we have remained passive. In town or village no public meetings have been called to protest against these courses of action. In no case have even the smallest knots of men been found banded together to defend the country against these changes. If we except the recent protest against the bread and meat tax and against the appointment of one of the Monopolist Party to the highest function of the State, the country has remained in a condition of deadly passivity and almost comatose inertia.
On the surface I allow it page: 90 appears that there is no progressive element in South Africa, but I believe this appearance is not a reality.
I believe that in every town, and in every district and village, will be found (though not invariably among its most important or wealthy members) a certain body of men and women, from the bank clerk to the clergyman, from the shop assistant to the small tradesman, from the schoolmaster or mistress to the enterprising young farmer, Dutch or English, from the working man to the wholesale merchant, who are as essentially advanced in their view as any body of men or page: 91 women in any country: persons wholly unaffected by the disease which seems eating the core of our national life—that fevered desire to grow wealthy without labour, as individuals by reckless speculation, and as a nation by annexations.
And if it be asked how, if this Progressive Element exists among us, it has become so completely inoperative, my reply is simply—Because it lacks organisation.
At the time of the Restoration there were not fewer advanced and progressive Republicans in England than there had been in the lifetime of Oliver Cromwell. They had page: 92 not died nor emigrated at the accession of Charles the Second; they were still there, holding their views with the same strength and with perhaps an added bitterness, but as a power in the land they were annihilated. They had lost their leader; they had lost their organisation; and the extreme Retrogressive Party had attained to both of these. That mass of persons, indifferent to reforms and public interests, which is found in every country, and which sides with each dominant party because it has the power of conferring benefits and inflicting injuries, went over to the Royalists as it had page: 93 before gone over to the Republicans. The Democratic Party for years was inoperative in England, but it was not dead, only disorganised; it came to life again, more democratic than ever.
So, looking nearer home, there were not, eleven years ago, fewer non-progressive and reactionary persons in the Colony than at the present day: there were probably more.
The men who have raised the franchise, who have taxed the necessaries of life, who have crushed all endeavours to contend with scab, who session by session attempt to pass a Flogging Bill which would disgrace page: 94 a semi-barbarous people, have not sprung into existence to-day; they were here, holding their views if possible more ardently than to-day, but they were powerless; they could not even materially impede Progressive legislation, because they were unorganised.
This position is ours to-day. Exactly as the Anti-Progressive individual sat on his farm, unable to give expression to his views, because he sat alone, and had no means of communicating with his like-thinking and like-feeling fellows, so to-day the Progressive men and women stand alone in this country; they are not aware of their page: 95 own numbers; they are not aware of the intensity of common conviction which would bind them into a solid body were they once in touch.
The organisation of these now scattered and isolated units into one united whole is, I believe, the one and only means of staying the Retrogressive Movement in this country. And the great practical question before us now is—How is this to be done?
I allow that I see great difficulties in the way.


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Shawn T. from North Carolina sent in this story about his son's first bird. Congratulations, Justin!
Good morning I am writing this to you to tell a story of friendship, love, and lessons learned outdoors.
I have hunted since I was 12 years old and truly love to outdoors and have tried to share this love with both my children. My daughter who is now 16 and my son who is 9 have both been deer and squirrel hunting with me. My son has enjoyed it and up until last Thanksgiving had never expressed a desire to hunt anything other than deer.
That all changed when we were going out for an afternoon hunt for deer and watched 27 turkeys walking around our stand. Justin said "Dad can we hunt turkeys?" I answered during the season but they weren't in season then. I am a middle school teacher and my Justin rides the bus to my school everyday and gets off there after.
One of my colleagues at my school is an avid deer and turkey hunter. Randy and I often discuss our successes and failures in the woods usually laughing at one another's escapades. When Randy heard of Justin's desire to hunt turkey he was more than happy to offer a helping hand.
So though out the remainder of winter on into March, Randy would tell Justin to get ready for "his turkey". Well, during the winter my wife who has been battling cancer for the last 7 years received word that she would be going in for a bone marrow transplant in the spring.
Needless to say hunting became the last priority for me as I knew that I was fixing to take on a lot as a father and husband. Still Randy trudged on helping Justin and I prepare best he could, knowing that my thoughts were on things to come with my wife.
A funny thing happened though along the way. The closer we got to the transplant day, the more we worked to get ready for it, but Justin and I also spent more time together watching shows of turkey hunts and him shooting his shotgun at turkey targets. We talked about a lot of things including things "beyond the woods". My talks with Randy developed to more than hunting and regular conversation as we discussed how my wife's illness had changed my family's lives. A friendship that had started as two guys talking about hunting had developed into a friendship that was helping one deal with a very difficult time in his life. Believe me it was and is appreciated.
As the day of the annual youth turkey hunt day approached Justin was bouncing through the door every afternoon when he arrived at my school looking for Randy to talk about the hunt. With the upcoming procedure my wife was preparing for, his excitement was a needed joy. On the Friday before the next day's hunt Randy and I went scouting the land again for one final time.
Looking out across one of the fields we saw 2 gobblers and soon 7 jakes followed. We were very excited as we watched them. Being as they were on another side of the farm we would be hunting we felt we needed to relocate closer to them, so we got in my pickup and headed around the creek and across the bridge. We parked and started out down a farm road toward the field we had seen the turkeys.
As we were almost to where we would need to get into the woods to avoid being seen a farmer drove up and asked "Are you guys snipers or what?' I had to chuckle at that one as a sniper is probably the last thing I could be mistaken for by looking at me. We told him what we were doing and who had given us permission to hunt the farm which he was ok with and then decided to drive right on out to the field where the turkeys had been.
The gobblers disappeared but the jakes hung around in a separate field for awhile until they went to roost. We watched and found their roost, but we still wanted to know where those two gobblers had gone. That night Randy and I laid out our plan to set up in a field near where the jakes had roosted and then Randy would try to call them in while Justin would be sitting on a seat with his back up to me in my seat as a support.
We had it all planned out and were prepared for Justin to get one of the jakes and if we were lucky maybe one of the gobblers may be there also. Well as luck would have it when we walked out in the morning and I hit my owl call to locate some birds the gobblers answered from the other side of the creek.
There we went moving at a pace which was fine for Justin and Randy as they are not vertically challenged and horizontally gifted like me, I however was huffing and puffing. We got to the other side and quickly set up in a small finger of woods between two fields. Randy had the decoys set out and the blind up while I got myself and Justin situated in our seats.
As Randy started calling a hen did a fly down cackle and flew right by us. Justin looked and grinned at me. I knew this was going to be fun as he was very excited. Randy worked the calls and had the hen in fuss as she was away from us a distance but close enough she could see the decoys and hear Randy. After about an hour with no success from the gobblers we thought we might relocate. Then it happened, Randy said "There they come!". Seven birds about 1.5 to years old came running in.
Justin set in on one and shot his first turkey. Randy and I were yelling and cheering and I looked at my son sitting in front of me not moving with his shotgun sitting on his lap on safety.
I asked if he was okay and he calmly looked at me and said "Yes...Can I go see my turkey now?" I don't know who was happier that day me, Randy, or Justin.
I can say this though the memory of this day will stay with me forever, and during the tough times that my family is starting to go through this will be a memory that will give me comfort. I really am thankful for my friendship with Randy and appreciate him sharing his wisdom of the woods and lending an ear to me during these times.


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Service-learning engages students in meaningful service to their schools and communities. Applying academic skills to solving real-world issues, linking established learning objectives with genuine needs, students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Students lead the process with faculty coordinators and site supervisors addressing concerns such as hunger, homelessness, sustainability, and diversity.
Service-Learning is your connection between community service and academic course credit. Partnering with Service-Learning can help your students:
mesacc.edu | 480-461-7000 | © 2017 Mesa Community College | A Maricopa Community CollegeThe Maricopa County Community College District (MCCCD) is an EEO/AA institution and an equal opportunity employer of protected veterans, and individuals with disabilities. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or national origin.


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Web Stories
Gospel Ensemble to perform, May 4
Posted May 2, 2003; 03:32 p.m.
The Princeton University Gospel Ensemble will perform its spring concert at 7 p.m. Sunday, May 4, in Taplin Auditorium, Fine Hall.
The University ensemble will be joined by a children's choir and a Christian rap group. The performance is free and open to the public.
Contact: Lauren Robinson-Brown (609) 258-3601


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Family: Lycaenidae, Gossamer-wing Butterflies view all from this family
Description The Lantana Scrub-Hairstreak or Smaller Lantana Butterfly (Strymon bazochii) is a butterfly in the Lycaenidae family. It is found from Paraguay north through Central America, the West Indies and Mexico to southern Texas. It was introduced to Hawaii in 1902 to control lantana, in which it has proven unsuccessful.
Adults are on wing from May to December. There are two to three generations per year.
The larvae feed on Lippia alba and Lippia graveolens in Texas. In Hawaii, they feed on Lantana species and basils. Adults feed on nectar from various flowers, including Bidens alba, Lantana species and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis.
Dimensions The wingspan is 22-25 mm.
Habitat Scrub, shrub & brushlands.
Range Texas.


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Ex-cop charged for corruption
KINGSTON, Jamaica - An ex-cop who, while in the police force four years ago, reportedly collected $12,000 from a motorist for the return of a car was offered $500,000 bail when he appeared in the Corporate Area Resident Magistrate's Court.
The accused, Neil Gayle, 31, of Spanish Town, St Catherine address, charged for breaching the Corruption Prevention Act, was recently nabbed on his arrival in the island at the Norman Manley International Airport.
According to police report, on June 16, 2008 a motorist was driving a car in Kingston without a driver's licence when he was stopped by the accused and the car seized.
It is further reported that the accused told the motorist that it would cost him $15,000 for the return of the vehicle, but they settled on $12,000, which was paid over to Gayle.
The matter was reported to the police and the director of public prosecution ruled in 2010 that he should be charged but the cop reportedly fled the island.
On Thursday Gayle's attorney Vincent Wellesley denied the allegation. He told the court that the police had received a statement indicating that the policeman who had seized the motorist vehicle was not his client, but that statement was destroyed which resulted in the late ruling by the DPP.
Vincent also told the court that his client had not fled the island as he is a green card holder and had resigned from the force when he left.
Gayle was subsequently offered bail by the Magistrate on condition that he surrenders his travel documents and report to the Spanish Town Police Station three times daily.
He is scheduled to return to court on January 17.
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President Trump, his fossil fuel administration, and anti-conservationists in Congress are attacking America's public lands!
Donate today and help save America the beautiful. Your gift today could be what stands between our public lands and Big Oil's drills.
Wilderness lovers know that protected public wildlands offer amazing opportunities for special connections with loved ones and with the majestic beauty of our world.
President Barack Obama is preparing to designate New Mexico's Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks area and California's
Despite its hunter-friendly moniker, the so-called Sportsmen's Heritage and Recreational Enhancement Act will not conserve a single acre of wildlife or fish habitat.
This place is both an active volcano and the most glaciated peak in the lower U.S.
Drilling, mining and of course logging all endanger bird habitat, so wilderness areas and wildlife refuges are crucial to the survival of some species. Some have of these wild areas even been designated Important Birding Areas - sites that provide essential habitat for one or more bird spec
About 46 million Americans observe birds every year, according to a 2011 U.S. Fish and Wildlife survey.
A new study reports that moving to live closer to "green spaces" not only improves mental health immediately, but that the change is sustained for a sig
In the poll, which was commissioned by the veterans advocacy group Vet Voice Foundation, nearly three out of four residents of Dona Ana County supported the establishment of a monument to encompass the Potrillo, Sierra de Las Uva
Michigan's Sleeping Bear Dunes Lakeshore and Nevada's Pine Forest Range and Lyon County are under consideration to be protected as wilderness areas, part of a large backlog of public lands conservation bills.
There is no better moment to reflect on the state of America's wilderness than this year, as we celebrate the 50th anniversary of The Wilderness Act.
Trump is already checking off the oil and gas industry's wish list and now his anti-conservation partners in Congress are following in kind. Stand up to them!


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Deeplinks Blog posts about Bloggers' Rights
In early September, EFF was among the first to report on evidence published by activist collective Telecomix that Blue Coat technology was being used by the Syrian government to conduct surveillance. Following a release of more detailed log files as well as a more detailed report from our friends at Global Voices Advocacy, Mother Jones produced a detailed report, followed shortly by other publications. Prominent security expert Bruce Schneier then offered his take, stating: "Bet you anything that the Syrian Blue Coat products are re
One of the most grave threats to free expression in many countries these days is the intimidation and persecution of bloggers and online journalists. The effects are often far-reaching as bloggers are scared into silence. While the Arab Spring has brought about many positive changes throughout the region, several Middle Eastern countries continue to take measures to silence bloggers. This issue is not, of course, limited to the Middle East. In Thailand, web editor Jiew still faces up to fifteen years in prison, while US-Thai citizen Joe Wichai Commart Gordon pleaded guilty on charges of lèse majesté--a charge that can result in a prison sentence of up to fifteen years--and faces sentencing on November 9. In Mexico, bloggers and online activists may face an even worse fate.
Egypt: Free Maikel Nabil Sanad
EFF has grave concerns about the health of Egyptian blogger Maikel Nabil Sanad, who has now been on hunger strike for 57 days. Sanad's retrial was scheduled for October 13, but was postponed. Sanad, who was sentenced in April by a military court to three years in prison on charges of insulting the military on his blog, has stated that he will boycott any retrial.
We firmly support the statement made by Reporters Without Borders Wednesday, which reads:
Two years ago, civil society organizations met in Madrid to draft a Declaration that reaffirmed international standards for Internet privacy. On October 31, civil society groups will meet again in Mexico City to review the Madrid Privacy Declaration and examine privacy laws and policies in Latin America and around the world. This gathering is being organized by The Public Voice, a coalition of global civil society groups that promotes privacy and free expression on the Internet. EFF is part of this coalition and will be presenting at the conference. The event will be held in conjunction with the 33rd Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners Conference.
Dan Ward, attorney to pro-democracy activist and blogger Du Daobin, issued a statement yesterday that noted the efficacy of EFF's campaign to spread awareness about Cisco's responsibilities to stand up for human rights:
As I have previously stated, recent events lead us to believe that the safety of our clients in Du v. Cisco is dependent, in no small part, on the fact that the world is watching.
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Latest Headlines
Super Bowl 47 Hunch Line
Posted on 29 Jan 2013 by Steven Keys.
"Nobody can eat fifty eggs" The biggest story leading-up to SB47? DeerAntler-gate? I'm all for PED-prevention but SI's timing is quite curious. Maybe it's intended as a message to NFL powers, DeMaurice Smith in particular: get crackin' on the blood test, fellas. The Harbaugh family reunion might make a great Hallmark movie but seeing a couple of privileged, cocky men hit pay-dirt does...


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Hard to believe it's been this long.
Doing the lazy lazy thing for the whole weekend, not giving a damn about any work. Finally finished "Neuromancer" which was both interesting and confusing in places. I guess reading about technology from 1985 with over 20 years of real world hindisight on that same technology explains my confusion. SF authors are right a lot of the time, but not always. Nevertheless, I feel better having finally read it and it amazes me how much "The Matrix" actually resembles this. Now I'm reading "Pattern Recognition" by the very same William Gibson and enjoying it quite a lot more, about 100 pages into it.
Work has picked up and writing information systems for important things in CakePHP is a mystery that slowly unfolds. I better get proficient writing web apps with this framework and that right soon.
Yesterday, made a detour in Lisbon to get D. to the bus station so she could get home for the weekend and decided to go to Colombo's FNAC while I was at it in order to buy Porcupine Tree tickets for the October gig in Almada. While doing so, couldn't resist the fresh money in my wallet, so to speak, and got myself a couple of treats: Portishead's "Third" and Black Mountain "In The Future". Both are sublime and will surely feature in my Top 10 come the end of the year. Unless the second half of the year is absolutely crazy in terms of sheer quality.
But, alas or not, the weekend is coming to an end and I need to pack, shower, dine and get my ass moving back to Evora. Work resumes tomorrow at 9am and I never thought I'd be happy to have a 9-5 job, but I do. I needed the stability for a while.


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Golden Gate
National Receation Area
The Park Next Door
Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA) is a park that begins where the Pacific Ocean meets San Francisco Bay. Here, at the Golden Gate, the park surrounds the narrow entrance to the city's harbor offering a spectacular blend of natural beauty, historic features, and urban development. To the north and south of the Golden Gate, GGNRA follows the Pacific shoreline creating a vast coastal preserve.
The National Park Service invites you to discover GGNRA. Redwood forests, beaches, grassy hillsides, marshes and rocky shoreline provide a natural retreat from the city. The park is a home for abundant wildlife; hawks, deer, and seabirds are often seen as well as occasional sightings of bobcats and whales. For a journey into the past, visit the park's historic ships, forts, and other buildings where the stories of Bay Area agriculture, maritime commerce, wartime defense, recreation, and immigration are presented.
GGNRA has many places and many moods. We welcome your continued discovery of this very special national park on the doorstep of San Francisco.
Getting There
GGNRA is easy to reach; no unit is more than an hour's drive from San Francisco. A day's trip will provide enough time to visit any area of the park. In San Francisco, the Municipal Railway bus system (MUNI) provides frequent service from downtown to shoreline destinations, especially Aquatic Park, the Cliff House, and Ocean Beach. MUNI also connects to other Bay Area transit systems: Golden Gate Transit (GGT) from Marin County, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) and Alameda/Costa Transit (AC Transit) from the East Bay, and Southern Pacific Railway and San Mateo Transit (SAM TRANS) from the Peninsula area. Ferries provide transportation to Alcatraz and Angel Island. Golden Gate Transit offers the best service to and within Marin County.
Be sure to check with transit agencies about current schedules and routes. Because service changes seasonally, routes indicated on this brochure may become outdated. Bus travel to some GGNRA areas has advantages over using your own vehicle. Warm weather weekends or weekday commuter hours often mean heavy traffic.
For specific information about park accessibility for the disabled, contact park areas prior to your visit.
Shortly after the death of Representative Phillip Burton of San Francisco in 1983, the Congress dedicated the Golden Gate National Recreation Area to his memory. In doing so, the Congress recognized a distinguished leader in conservation and park issues while he was Chairman of the House Subcommittee on National Parks and Insular Affairs.
GGNRA in Marin
Marin Headlands
Close to San Francisco in distance and time but many moods apart, the headlands provide a quick departure from urban activity. Windswept ridges, protected valleys, and beaches offer nature's best on the city's doorstep. From the hillsides near the Golden Gate, you can enjoy magnificent views of the San Francisco harbor entrance. The Marin Headlands Visitor Center is open daily from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Group and individual campsites are available. Information and campground reservations: 331-1540.
Various organizations offer education programs with some also providing overnight accommodations. At Fort Cronkhite are the California Marine Mammal Center, the Golden Gate Energy Center, and the Yosemite Institute-Residential Environmental Center and Conference facility. Near Battery Alexander is the YMCA Point Bonita Outdoor and Conference Center. The Golden Gate Hostel, near Fort Barry, opens for registration at 4:30 p.m.
Tennessee Valley
This narrow valley is entirely secluded from urban sounds and scenery. A gentle 3.2-kilometer (2-mile) trail meanders through the valley ending at a small beach with a powerful surf. The nearby Haypress Campground (hike-in) is available by reservation only. Information: 383-7717. Campground Reservations: 331-1540.
Muir Woods
"This is the best tree-lovers monument that would be found in all the forests of the world," declared conservationist John Muir when describing this grove of majestic coastal redwoods. The tranquility of the forest of towering trees and canyon ferns is accessible to nearly everyone. Follow a gentle trail and enjoy the scenery at your own pace. No picnicking. Parking can be a problem at any time of the year. Open daily 8 a.m. to sunset. Information: 388-2595.
Mt. Tamalpais Area
For years this area has been a favorite destination for hikers. No wonder-trails offer a variety of environments from creekside to mountainside, open meadow to forest. Or sit back and take in the view from picnic spots and lookouts. Mt. Tamalpais State Park Information: 388-2070.
Muir Beach and Stinson Beach
Both beaches offer a chance to relax and enjoy the coastal scenery. Muir Beach is a semi-circular cove while Stinson Beach stretches beneath the steep hills rising to Tamalpais with vistas out to sea and up into the hills. Swimming is permitted at Stinson Beach only, from late May to mid-September when lifeguards are on duty. Information: 868-0942. Weather: 868-1922.
Angel Island
If you enjoy being near the water, Angel Island State Park is your kind of place. The Bay is constantly in view from the ferry, along trails, or on the island's beaches. An 8-kilometer (5-mile) hike takes you around the island. Information: 435-1915.
Olema Valley
This pastoral landscape is a hiker's paradise of forested canyons, tree-lined ridges, open grassy slopes, and historic farm buildings. Most trails are long and many are steep, ascending to ridgetops for ocean views. The valley remains undeveloped with few restrooms and picnic tables. Information: 663-1092.
The General park map handed out at the visitor center is available on the park's map webpage.For information about topographic maps, geologic maps, and geologic data sets, please see the geologic maps page.
A photo album for this park can be found here.For information on other photo collections featuring National Park geology, please see the Image Sources page.
Currently, we do not have a listing for a park-specific geoscience book. The park's geology may be described in regional or state geology texts.
Please visit the Geology Books and Media webpage for additional sources such as text books, theme books, CD ROMs, and technical reports.
Parks and Plates: The Geology of Our National Parks, Monuments & Seashores.
Lillie, Robert J., 2005.
W.W. Norton and Company.
9" x 10.75", paperback, 550 pages, full color throughout
The spectacular geology in our national parks provides the answers to many questions about the Earth. The answers can be appreciated through plate tectonics, an exciting way to understand the ongoing natural processes that sculpt our landscape. Parks and Plates is a visual and scientific voyage of discovery!
Ordering from your National Park Cooperative Associations' bookstores helps to support programs in the parks. Please visit the bookstore locator for park books and much more.
Information about the park's research program is available on the park's research webpage.
For information about permits that are required for conducting geologic research activities in National Parks, see the Permits Information page.
The NPS maintains a searchable data base of research needs that have been identified by parks.
A bibliography of geologic references is being prepared for each park through the Geologic Resources Evaluation Program (GRE). Please see the GRE website for more information and contacts.
NPS Geology and Soils PartnersAssociation of American State Geologists
Geological Society of America
Natural Resource Conservation Service - Soils
U.S. Geological Survey
Currently, we do not have a listing for any park-specific geology education programs or activities.
General information about the park's education and intrepretive programs is available on the park's education webpage.For resources and information on teaching geology using National Park examples, see the Students & Teachers pages.


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backup 3.0.11
Backup is a RubyGem (for UNIX-like operating systems: Linux, Mac OSX) that allows you to configure and perform backups in a simple manner using an elegant Ruby DSL. It supports various databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB and Redis), it supports various storage locations (Amazon S3, Rackspace Cloud Files, Dropbox, any remote server through FTP, SFTP, SCP and RSync), it provide Syncers (RSync, S3) for efficient backups, it can archive files and directories, it can cycle backups, it can do incremental backups, it can compress backups, it can encrypt backups (OpenSSL or GPG), it can notify you about successful and/or failed backups (Email or Twitter). It is very extensible and easy to add new functionality to. It's easy to use.