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For family business owners who desire to transfer ownership of part of their business to the next generation, the valuation of the business interest is often an important factor to consider. This is especially true for family…more
Business Succession, Business Valuations, Closely Held Businesses, Comment Period, Estate Planning
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The 2016 property tax protest season has arrived. In Alabama, property tax valuations are handled on a county-by-county basis. Some counties mail valuation notices to all taxpayers. Others rely on publication notice and only…more
Appeals, Board of Equalization, Property Tax, Property Valuation
On April 3, the International Trade Commission (ITC) ruled that the agency has jurisdiction to police digital transmission for intellectual property infringement. The ITC hears trade disputes regarding "articles" imported into…more
Digital Goods, Digital Media, Illegal Imports, Imports, Infringement
An employee goes on television and maligns his bosses for a new company policy with half-truths—and his bosses fire him for disloyalty. Sounds justified, right? Wrong. A National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) decision (recently…more
Appeals, AT&T, Corporate Counsel, DirectTV, Grievance Process
On March 25, 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ("USACE") announced the release of their proposed rule redefining what waters fall under federal jurisdiction under the…more
Clean Water Act, EPA, Federal Jurisdiction, Jurisdiction, Mining
An officer or director's company exit often feels like a divorce, with post-departure monetary payments and document-custody issues dominating the immediate aftermath. Companies are quick to enforce non-compete agreements and…more
Attorney-Client Privilege, Board of Directors, Confidential Information, Corporate Counsel, Corporate Officers
We posted in October 2015 about the EEOC filing suit against Coca-Cola Bottling of Mobile, asserting sex discrimination in violation of Title VII's record retention provisions. The complaint alleged that in June 2010 Martina…more
Coca Cola, Consent Decrees, EEOC, Employment Application, Hiring & Firing
Section 1028 of the Dodd-Frank Act, entitled "Authority to Restrict Mandatory Pre-Dispute Arbitration," gives the CFPB the authority to promulgate regulations imposing conditions, limitations, or outright prohibitions on…more
Administrative Authority, Arbitration, Arbitration Agreements, CFPB, Consumer Financial Products
In 1997, the American Law Institute (ALI) adopted the final draft of its Restatement (Third) of Torts on the topic of product liability. The most notable—and controversial—feature of the ALI's work was its requirement that…more
Design Defects
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) recently released General Counsel Memorandum 201634021 ("Memorandum") concluding that the employees of a disregarded single member limited liability company (SMLLC) (1) must be allowed to…more
403(b) Plans, 457(b) Plans, 501(c)(3), Employee Benefits, Internal Revenue Code (IRC)
After years of little enforcement action, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued a press release yesterday announcing charges against 28 officers, directors, or major shareholders for violating federal securities…more
Beneficial Owner, Deadlines, Directors, Enforcement, Enforcement Actions
For years, financial institutions have operated under the maxim that an effective anti-money laundering and Bank Secrecy Act compliance program (collectively "AML") rests upon four pillars: (1) written policies and procedures;…more
Anti-Money Laundering, Bank Secrecy Act, Broker-Dealer, BSA/AML, Customer Due Diligence (CDD)
It is no secret that the most significant budget challenges that the United States faces on both a state and national level revolve around the cost to repair and replace our aging infrastructure. In 2014, the American Society of…more
Construction Industry, Critical Infrastructure Sectors, Design-Build, Investment, Public Private Partnerships (P3s)
We recently reported on a lawsuit, filed by the Associated Builders and Contractor's (ABC), challenging the "blacklisting" Executive Order and the implementing regulations. As we noted in our article, a ruling by the Court on…more
Blacklist, Disclosure Requirements, DOL, Executive Orders, Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces
On Wednesday, in a 6-3 decision with Justice Breyer writing for the majority, the Supreme Court revived Peggy Young's pregnancy discrimination claim against UPS under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) in Young v. United…more
Essential Functions, PDA, Pregnancy Discrimination, Reasonable Accommodation, SCOTUS
Recent Federal Circuit cases provide direction on how to satisfy the PTO or the federal courts that software is eligible for a patent. Some key points include:
- New ways of organizing data
- New connections…more
Abstract Ideas, AT&T Mobility, Computer-Related Inventions, Internet, Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
As expected, yesterday the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced a proposed rule that would effectively ban class action waivers in pre-dispute arbitration agreements for a broad range of consumer financial…more
Arbitration, Arbitration Agreements, Class Action, Class Action Arbitration Waivers, Consumer Contracts
It seems that the announcement of any corporate transaction triggers a race to the courthouse by plaintiffs' firms. These firms specialize in filing class action lawsuits demanding additional disclosures for the benefit of the…more
Attorney's Fees, Class Action, Material Misrepresentation, Settlement, Shareholder Litigation
The first Special Session of 2015 ended on Tuesday, August 11, without accomplishing the primary objective of passing a General Fund budget for the 2015-2016 fiscal year. The Governor's "call" for the special session included…more
Business Taxes, Legislative Agendas, Legislative Process, Reciprocity Rules, Repeal
Whether you are a property owner, general contractor, or subcontractor, understanding wrap-up insurance programs—when to consider one, what they insure, and how they affect the project—is vital to a construction project's…more
Bids, CCIP, Construction Project, Contractors, Federal Contractors
Part of Bradley Arant's Privacy and Information Security Team's seven-part Data Breach Toolkit Webinar Series, the "Data Breach Response Planning: Laying the Right Foundation" webinar, led by Paige Boshell and Amy Leopard,…more
Banking Sector, Banks, Breach Notification Rule, Cyber Attacks, Cyber Crimes
Last week, the 11th Circuit issued an opinion reversing and remanding a prior decision from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia related to the proper verification of debts when a consumer…more
Appeals, Burden of Proof, Debt Buyers, Debt Collection, Debtors
The Supreme Court has agreed to review a discriminatory lending case brought by the City of Miami against Wells Fargo & Co. and Bank of America Corp. At issue is whether a city government is permitted to bring a suit seeking to…more
Bank of America, Discriminatory Lending Practices, Fair Housing Act (FHA), Foreclosure, Mortgage Lenders
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a wholesale revision to the rules governing long term care (LTC) facilities on September 28, 2016. Prompted by the changing population of nursing homes which have become…more
CMS, Final Rules, Long Term Care Facilities, Medicare Participation Standards, Nursing Homes
You are officially on notice—the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) is going to share your data with other federal agencies. What data, you ask? The OFCCP annually selects numerous…more
Cooperative Agreements, Data Collection, DOL, EEOC, Executive Orders
Federal acquisition officials recently finalized an interim rule intended to remove contractors with federal tax liabilities and felony convictions from the federal contracting arena. The interim rule, which took effect February…more
C-Corporation, Construction Industry, Disclosure Requirements, Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), Federal Contractors
On Tuesday, May 6, 2014, the City of Birmingham joined a number of other municipalities in a vote to authorize a Land Bank Authority. The Birmingham City Council passed the resolution to establish a land bank in hopes of…more
Abandoned Property, Banks, Economic Development, Foreclosure, Government Entities
Today the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in Dart Cherokee Basin Operating Co. v. Owens, No. 13-719, a case involving the procedural requirements for removing a class action from state to federal court under the Class…more
Amount in Controversy, CAFA, Class Action, Dart Cherokee Basin Operating Co. v. Owens, Diversity
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) recently released new consumer protection and loss mitigation-related principles in an effort to guide mortgage servicers, investors, government housing agencies, and policymakers…more
Ability-to-Repay, CFPB, HAMP, Loss Mitigation, Mortgage Servicers
In a much-anticipated decision, the Supreme Court upheld in King v. Burwell the validity of tax credits under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) that are available to individuals in States that have Federal…more
Affordable Care Act, Employer Mandates, Health Insurance, Health Insurance Exchanges, Individual Mandate
1. Executive Summary -
With the dirt barely settled on the unmourned grave of the Medicare sustainable growth rate (SGR) methodology for updating physician fee schedule payments, CMS published a proposed rule that would…more
CMS, Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization (MACRA), MIPS, Physician Medicare Reimbursements, Proposed Regulation
In a case of first impression decided August 19, 2014, the Tennessee Court of Appeals has decided the standard for determining the scope of preemption under the Tennessee Uniform Trade Secrets Act (TUTSA). The court adopted a…more
Misappropriation, Preemption, Trade Secrets, UTSA
On March 10, 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services announced its "Next Generation ACO Model," which CMS hopes will provide more experienced accountable care organizations an opportunity to assume higher levels of…more
ACOs, CMS, Health Care Providers, Healthcare, Medicare Shared Savings Program
Monday morning, the United States Supreme Court issued its long-awaited opinion in Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins (No. 13-1339), which addresses the question of whether a bare allegation of a statutory violation, unaccompanied by…more
Article III, Class Action, FCRA, Injury-in-Fact, SCOTUS
The Second District Court of Appeals joins the Third District in affirming a final judgment of foreclosure in favor of the bank in an action based on a breach date that falls outside the five-year statute of limitations under…more
Bank of New York (BNY) Mellon, Banking Sector, Banks, Default, Final Judgment
Ruling on an issue of first impression at the Circuit Court level, the Eleventh Circuit recently refused in Evanto v. Federal National Mortgage Association to impose Federal Truth in Lending Act (TILA) liability on assignees for…more
Assignees, First Impression, Mortgage Lenders, Mortgage Servicers, Third-Party Liability
The rollout of the newly expanded Tennessee Retail Accountability Program is meeting with some opposition as the first reporting deadline under the 2015 changes in the program approaches. In response to these concerns, the…more
Automotive Industry, Deadlines, Department of Revenue, Food Manufacturers, Recordkeeping Requirements
As regulatory pressure on student loan servicing continues to increase, servicers are paying close attention to the steady stream of news and publications issuing from the CFPB and the Department of Education. The most recent of…more
Borrowers, CFPB, Consumer Complaint System, Consumer Financial Products, Department of Education
From mobile deposits to securing account access with biometric data, financial institutions are interacting with their customers in never-before-seen ways. But long before these advances come to market they must survive…more
Banks, Innovation, OCC, Risk Management, Technology
In a landmark decision issued last week, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit held that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (CFPB) structure violated the Constitution's separation-of-powers requirements. In PHH…more
Anti-Kickback Statute, Appeals, CFPB, Constitutional Challenges, Director Removal
On January 20, 2016, the United States Supreme Court held that an ERISA plan could not satisfy its reimbursement rights from a participant's general assets. ERISA plans' reimbursement rights are now so limited that participants,…more
Employer Group Health Plans, Equitable Relief, ERISA, Medical Expenses, Medical Liens
I. SHPDA Administrative Report -
Contested Case -
AL2016-022, Geneva County Health Care Authority, Inc., Geneva AL: Proposes to acquire, relocate and operate five (5) geriatric psychiatric inpatient beds as an addition…more
ALJ, Certificate of Need, Health Care Providers, Healthcare Facilities, Reviewability Determinations
Consumer debt collection activities remain one of the primary focus areas of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)—and this focus is not limited to the activities of third—party debt collectors…more
CFPB, Debt Collection, FDCPA, Financial Sector, Third-Party Service Provider
The Alabama Reinvestment and Abatements Act, HB59, Act No. 2015-24 (the "Act"), makes several changes to Alabama abatement law and expands the list of industries and types of projects that are eligible for those abatements…more
Abatement, Pending Legislation, Tax Abatement
The SEC's Division of Corporation Finance posted five new Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations (C&DIs) regarding the pay ratio disclosure requirements in Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K on October 18, 2016. The "pay ratio"…more
C&DIs, CACM, CEOs, Dodd-Frank, Executive Compensation
The EEOC's revised pay rule expands collection of pay and hours-worked data from employers filing EEO-1 reports. The proposed rule requires employers, including federal contractors, with 100 or more employees to report summary…more
EEO-1, EEOC, Equal Pay, Federal Contractors, Pay Discrimination
Pursuant to the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, which amended the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, federal law requires the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and…more
Affordable Housing, Fannie Mae, FHFA, Freddie Mac, Proposed Regulation
The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has issued an interim final rule that increases significantly the monetary fines assessed against employers for violations of federal immigration law.
Under the Immigration Reform and…more
DOJ, Employer Liability Issues, Fines, I-9, ICE
A party that wins at trial and recovers a money judgment may seek to collect on the judgment immediately, unless the other party posts a supersedeas bond to stay execution of the judgment pending appeal. The Mississippi…more
Amended Legislation, Appeals, Bonds, Money Judgment, Rules of Appellate Procedure
Several of the Official Bankruptcy Forms will be replaced on December 1, 2015. For creditors, the most notable changes will be to two forms: the Proof of Claim form, Form 410, and the Mortgage Proof of Claim Attachment, Form…more
Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Court, Creditors, Default, Mortgages
Last week, the CFPB announced two proposals related to the inclusion clauses that require arbitration to resolve all future disputes ("pre-dispute arbitration agreements") in consumer financial products. The first proposal would…more
Administrative Review, Arbitration, Arbitration Agreements, CFPB, Class Action
Newly adopted exemption to securities registration requirements may offer new capital raising opportunities for developing companies -
A company that seeks to raise capital by offering or selling securities to potential…more
Blue Sky Laws, Debt Securities, Equity Financing, Exemptions, JOBS Act
In late July, another Florida appellate court took a sizable chunk out of foreclosure defense attorneys' litigation playbook, holding that substantial compliance, rather than strict compliance, is the prevailing standard to be…more
Compliance, Default, Defense Strategies, Foreclosure, Lenders
In this issue:
- The Firm's Ediscovery Team Attorneys
- Case Insights
- Editor's Corner
- Excerpt from Peerless Industries, Inc. v. Crimson Av, LLC, Case No. 1:11-cv-1768, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2985…more
Clawbacks, Document Productions, Document Review, Email, Record Preservation
The Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2015 (DTSA), which establishes a new federal private right of action for trade secret misappropriation, is now the law. Trade secrets, the fourth leg of the intellectual property chair, have long…more
Asset Seizure, Confidential Information, Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA), Economic Espionage Act, Ex Parte
Last week, the CFPB issued its long-awaited final rule amending Regulation E (Electronic Funds Transfer Act) and Regulation Z (Truth in Lending Act) to create regulations for prepaid financial products (Prepaid Rule). The CFPB's…more
CFPB, Consumer Financial Products, Disclosure Requirements, EFTA, Final Rules
In a recent blog post on the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Consumer Information blog, the FTC warned home buyers of an e-mail and wire transfer phishing scam in which hackers pose as real estate professionals or title…more
FTC, National Association of Realtors, Phishing Scams, Real Estate Professionals, Title Companies
Your tenant files for bankruptcy-what's your move? Debtors who are lessees under real property leases have certain rights regarding their lease under § 365 of the Bankruptcy Code. Essentially, the debtor has two options: 1)…more
Assignments, Chapter 11, Chapter 7, Commercial Bankruptcy, Commercial Leases
In April, we posted about the significant protection afforded mortgage lenders and servicers as part of closing protection letters including recent judicial interpretations providing critical indemnity to lenders for "actual…more
ALTA, Closing Protection Letters, Financial Services Industry, Lenders, Mortgage Lenders
In This Presentation:
- Important Players
- Underlying Lawsuit
- Procedural Pre-Class Certification
- Class Certification Issues
- Aftermath and Trial
- Recent Developments
Athletes, Class Action, Class Certification, College Athletes, License Agreements
Last week, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) granted a reprieve of sorts with respect to the 2015 information reporting requirements under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Under the ACA, an "applicable large employer" (generally,…more
Affordable Care Act, Applicable Large Employers (ALE), Employer Group Health Plans, Filing Deadlines, IRS
Last Friday the Alabama Supreme Court denied the ADOR's petition for writ of certiorari in the case of State Dep't of Revenue v. Omni Studio, L.L.C. The denial by the Supreme Court follows a pro-taxpayer ruling in the Alabama…more
Advertising, AL Supreme Court, Marketing, Petition for Writ of Certiorari, Photographs
Benjamin Franklin once said, "By failing to prepare, you prepare to fail." Servicers can face significant obstacles in preservation of their rights vis a vis assessments by homeowners' associations and condo associations (a…more
Condominium Associations, Homeowners' Association, Liens, Mortgage Lenders, Super Priority
This past July, on the heels of a decision in which a judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit characterized the federal physician self-referral prohibition commonly known as the "Stark Law" as, "even for…more
CMS, Final Rules, Health Care Providers, Physician Fee Schedule, Stark Law
With constant budget pressures, federal procurement contracts are always at risk of a termination for convenience. If a termination for the government's convenience is forecasted by the federal government, there are steps that a…more
Contract Termination, Damages, Federal Contractors, Federal Procurement Systems
The question of prenuptial agreements comes up often in multi-generational family- owned businesses. The question is typically raised by mom or dad, or maybe grandmother or grandfather, and goes something like: "We're all very…more
Business Ownership, Business Valuations, Divorce, Estate Planning, Family Businesses
In a recent case handled by Bradley, a federal court in Maryland issued a decision attempting to reconcile inconsistent contract provisions.
The general contractor said that its fire sprinkler subcontractor was responsible…more
Ambiguous, Commercial General Liability Policies, Construction Contracts, Construction Disputes, Construction Industry
This column has three focal points: S corporations (of course!), the new partnership audit procedures and Jeanne Dixon. Yes, that Jeanne Dixon—the self-professed psychic who claimed to have predicted the assassination of…more
Audits, Bipartisan Budget, Partnerships, S-Corporation, TEFRA
The Copyright Act states that the trial court "may…award" attorney's fees to the prevailing party. Legal fees incurred by plaintiffs and defendants alike in copyright and other intellectual property cases can be staggering, as…more
Attorney's Fees, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Fee-Shifting, Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons
Commercial general liability (CGL) coverage for a general contractor is not guaranteed, even if property damage is all a subcontractor's fault. Consider the following example: A general contractor builds a stadium for which a…more
Commercial General Liability Policies, Construction Industry, General Contractors, Insurance Industry, Policy Exclusions
Liability under the False Claims Act (FCA) is premised on the submission of a claim for money or property either to a federal government "officer, employee, or agent" or, under certain circumstances, to a nongovernmental…more
Amicus Briefs, DOJ, False Claims Act (FCA), Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac
The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has clarified the type of injury that must be alleged by a plaintiff suing under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). This decision, in Church v. Accretive Health, Inc., is the…more
Article III, Corporate Counsel, Debt Collectors, FDCPA, Injury-in-Fact
Mississippi recently enacted a new construction lien law. This article addresses certain key provisions of the new law - codified at Mississippi Code Annotated § 85-7-401 (Rev. 2014) - that apply to commercial projects.
Construction Contracts, Construction Liens, Construction Workers, Contractors, Liens
Effective January 1, 2015, the method of issuing tax assessments and the informal conference process available to taxpayers will be revamped. 2014 Tenn. Pub. Acts 854. Touted as being more taxpayer-friendly, the two most…more
Fuel Tax, Marketing, Natural Gas, Notice Requirements, Property Tax
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced a consent order with Navy Federal Credit Union (Navy Federal) on October 11, 2016. While financial institutions should always analyze CFPB consent orders closely and…more
CFPB, Consent Order, Credit Unions, Creditors, Debt Collection
On August 18, 2015, the EPA released proposed rules aimed at reducing methane and other volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the oil and natural gas industry. In January 2015, the EPA stated its goal to decrease methane…more
EPA, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Methane, New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Oil & Gas
In a unanimous decision released last week, the Alabama Supreme Court delivered a significant victory for manufacturers defending products liability claims in Hosford v. BRK Brands, Inc. As in most jurisdictions, a plaintiff in…more
Design Defects, Judgment As A Matter Of Law, Manufacturers, Product Defects
The United States Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) amended its guidance on Iranian sanctions to clarify that some transactions with Iran by non-U.S. institutions are permitted, provided that such…more
Banking Sector, Foreign Investment, Iran, Iran Sanctions, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
In recent years, the state of Texas jumped headlong into public-private partnerships in a variety of different arenas. Often called PPP, 3P or P3, this delivery method has rapidly become the go-to avenue for delivering projects…more
Construction Project, Department of Transportation (DOT), Highways, Infrastructure, Public Private Partnerships (P3s)
If a company is keeping its Nationwide Multistate Licensing System (NMLS) record current, the renewal season should be a relatively painless exercise in fee collection. However, in addition to the normal renewal housekeeping…more
Criminal Background Checks, Financial Sector, Financial Services Industry, Fingerprints, License Renewals
On March 22, 2016, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Foreclosure Relief and Extension for Servicemembers Act of 2015. This bill was signed into law by President Obama on March 31, 2016. This follows the recodification…more
CFPB, DOJ, Enforcement Actions, Financial Institutions, Foreclosure
In recent years, there has been a hotbed of litigation across the nation, particularly in Florida state and bankruptcy courts, regarding a debtor's ability to contest a secured creditor's foreclosure notwithstanding the debtor's…more
Abandoned Property, Affirmative Defenses, Appeals, Bankruptcy Code, Chapter 7
Receiving over 270,000 comments must have impressed the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) to the point that it scaled back the provisions originally stated or hinted at in the proposed rules, with final rules issued May 18 that go…more
DOL, FLSA, Minimum Salary, Public Comment, Wage and Hour
During the recently ended legislative special session, Senate President Pro Tem, Senator Del Marsh (R-Anniston), introduced and quickly passed Senate Resolution 20 that establishes an exploratory committee aimed at evaluating…more
General Fund, Legislative Agendas, Legislative Committees, State Budgets, State Taxes
On March 16, 2013, one of the most important and controversial provisions of the "Leahy-Smith America Invents Act," or AIA, is scheduled to take effect and this event will mark a significant change in United States patent filing…more
America Invents Act, First-to-File, First-to-Invent, Patent Reform, Patents
This week, the Florida Fourth District Court of Appeals held that Florida's Statute of Frauds precludes oral modification of a mortgage and that the judicial doctrine of promissory estoppel may not be used to circumvent the…more
Mortgages, Oral Modification, Promissory Estoppel, Statute of Frauds
As we have previously covered in a series of blog posts, the Nevada Supreme Court held in September 2014 that Nevada Revised Statute chapter 116 allows homeowners' associations (HOAs) to non-judicially foreclose on homeowners…more
Appeals, Diversity Jurisdiction, Due Process, Foreclosure, Homeowners' Association
In January 2013, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") issued a number of new final rules to implement amendments to the Truth in Lending Act ("TILA"), Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA"), and Equal…more
CFPB, Compliance, ECOA, RESPA, Truth in Lending Act (TILA)
In part one of my article, I discussed five tips you should follow prior to the mediation conference to best achieve a successful result. I will now discuss five more tips you should use at the mediation conference which will…more
Dispute Resolution, Mediation, Young Lawyers
With 2015 in the books, we are pleased to reflect on some of the major developments over the past year in the field of health law. The year was marked by changes in Medicare payment models—from government pronouncements…more
Affordable Care Act, DOJ, False Claims Act (FCA), Individual Accountability, King v Burwell
As we all know by now, Department of Labor's (DOL) new regulations regarding the "white-collar" exemptions to overtime go into effect on December 1. These regulations raise the weekly salary requirement for the executive,…more
DOL, Exempt-Employees, Final Rules, FLSA, Minimum Salary
As part of its recent amendments to the mortgage servicing rules in Regulations X and Z, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is fundamentally changing the way mortgage servicers are required to treat successors in…more
Banking Sector, CFPB, Loss Mitigation, Mortgage Servicers, Mortgage Servicing Rules
The recently decided case of Kingdomware Technologies, Inc. v. United States marks a big win for small business-owning veterans. The Supreme Court unanimously decided that the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) misinterpreted…more
Competitive Bidding, Construction Industry, Department of Veterans Affairs, Federal Contractors, Federal Supply Schedule (FSS)
The Supreme Court's most recent citizenship opinion, Americold Realty Trust v. Conagra Foods, Inc., could make removing or keeping a case in federal court based on diversity more difficult for a statutory trust with a…more
Americold Realty Trust v Conagra Foods, Beneficial Owner, Citizenship, Diversity Jurisdiction, Members
Each year brings significant changes and challenges in the laws governing the health care industry, and 2014 proved to be no exception. What the year may have lacked in the high drama that accompanies comprehensive health reform…more
ACOs, Affordable Care Act, Anti-Kickback Statute, CMP Law, CMS
On February 1, 2013, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released a final rule implementing the Physician Payment Sunshine Act (the "Act"). The Act requires certain manufacturers of covered drugs, devices, and…more
Applicable Manufacturers, Biologics, CMS, Covered Recipients, Disclosure Requirements
Yesterday, the United States Supreme Court ruled that debtors in Chapter 7 bankruptcy cases cannot "strip off," or completely void, junior mortgages that—based on the value of the property and the amount of claims secured by…more
Bank of America v. Caulkett, Bankruptcy Code, Borrowers, Chapter 13, Chapter 7
Many parents hope to fund, in some part, their children's college educations, and the federal government has created a system of incentives, including tax advantaged 529 plans, to support that expectation. Recent research shows…more
529 Plans, Borrowers, Chapter 7, Clawbacks, Consumer Bankruptcy
In 1964, the average income was $5,880. Minimum wage was $1.25/hour. You could buy a new home for $20,500, a new Ford Mustang for $2,360, and Congress passed The Civil Rights Act of 1964, creating the EEOC. This year the EEOC…more
Best Management Practices, EEOC, Employer Liability Issues, Harassment, Minimum Wage
Part of Bradley Arant's Policyholder Insurance Coverage Team's six-part Maximize Your Company's Insurance Coverage Webinar Series, the "Understanding CIPs, Builder's Risk, and Inland Marine Insurance Policies" webinar, led by…more
Builder's Risk Exclusion, CIP, Commercial General Liability Policies, Construction Industry, Contractors
Amendment 884 calls into question the validity and enforceability of the choice of law provisions in contracts brought before Alabama courts.
In November of 2014, Alabama voters ratified Amendment 884 to the Alabama…more
Amended Legislation, Choice-of-Law, Contract Drafting, Contract Terms, Dispute Resolution
There is an old proverb that states, "If the camel once gets his nose in the tent, his body will soon follow." Stated differently, one should not let the camel's nose inside unless he or she is prepared to accept the whole…more
AL Supreme Court, American Arbitration Association, Commercial Insurance Policies, Liability Insurance, Mandatory Arbitration Clauses
On Thursday, December 5, 2013, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the "Innovation Act" (H.R. 3309), a bill principally aimed at curtailing certain patent infringement litigation practices of non-practicing entities…more
Disclosure Requirements, Discovery, Infringement, Innovation Act, Legal Costs
The Alabama Tax Tribunal (the "Tribunal") ruled in a recent case that the taxpayer-hospital was entitled to a refund of the sales tax paid on the purchase of software that had been customized for its particular functions…more
Department of Revenue, Hospitals, Sales Tax, Software, Tax Tribunal
On June 23, 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) published a long-awaited final rule making major changes in the way Medicare will pay for clinical diagnostic laboratory tests (CDLTs). The changes were…more
Clinical Laboratory Testing, CMS, Final Rules, Medicare, Protecting Access to Medicare Act
On the heels of two new Justices joining the Tennessee Supreme Court, the Court has indicated its intention to reconsider the summary judgment standard set forth in Hannan v. Alltel Publishing Co., 270 S.W. 3d 1 (Tenn. 2008). In…more
Appeals, Pleading Standards, Summary Judgment
1. Mississippi Certificate of Need Meetings during September 2016
- During the September 29, 2016, Certificate of Need meeting, Dr. Mary Currier, State Health Officer, concurred with the health and planning staff analysis…more
Certificate of Need, Extensions, Health Care Providers, Healthcare, Healthcare Facilities
The Cybersecurity Task Force of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has released formal guidance outlining the data security safeguards that the insurance industry and state insurance regulators should…more
Cybersecurity, Insurance Industry, NAIC
Last week, in McDonnell v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court vacated the bribery convictions of Bob McDonnell, the former governor of Virginia. In doing so, the unanimous Court rejected prosecutors' expansive interpretation…more
Bribery, Criminal Prosecution, Due Process, Governor McDonnell, Honest Services Fraud
The language of FAR 52.212-1(c) states that an "offeror agrees to hold the prices in its offer firm for 30 calendar days from the date specified for receipt of offers, unless another time period is specified in an addendum to…more
Department of Defense (DOD), Expiration Date, Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), Federal Contractors, General Solicitation
In December 2015, the Rhode Island Supreme Court issued an opinion holding that Rhode Island's Uniform Condominium Act provides a true "super-priority" lien to condominium owner associations (COAs) when a condominium owner is…more
Foreclosure, Homeowners' Association, Liens, Mortgage Lenders, RI Supreme Court
The CFPB issued Compliance Bulletin 2015-05 (Bulletin) today, which sets forth its position concerning the use of Marketing Services Agreements (MSAs) by mortgage companies and settlement service providers. Importantly, the CFPB…more
CFPB, CFPB Bulletins, Criminal Sanctions, Marketing Services Agreements, Mortgages
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) ordered First National Bank of Omaha (FNBO) to pay a $4.5 million civil money penalty and $27.75 million in customer restitution for violations of engaging in deceptive marketing…more
Add-ons, Banking Sector, CFPB, Civil Monetary Penalty, Consumer Financial Products
On November 2, 2015, President Obama signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (the "Act") into law. The Act, widely hailed as a rare act of bipartisan cooperation, raises the federal debt ceiling and sets federal spending…more
Ambulatory Surgery Centers, Barack Obama, Bipartisan Budget, CMS, Debt Ceiling
In Jordan v. Nationstar Mortgage, LLC, the Washington Supreme Court issued a stern warning to lenders seeking to change the locks on foreclosure properties. Given the significant potential liability exposure created by the…more
Banking Sector, Breach of Contract, Class Action, Deed of Trust, Financial Institutions
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has issued Revenue Procedure 2016-47, which provides for a new self-certification procedure for participants who receive retirement plan distributions but inadvertently miss the 60-day time…more
401k, 403(b) Plans, 457(b) Plans, Distribution Rules, Employee Benefits
One of our favorite stories growing up was the "Three Billy Goats Gruff," the main character of which is a terrible troll who lived under a bridge. The troll tried to terrorize and eat three goats who just wanted to cross a…more
Infringement, Patent Trolls, Patents, USPTO
The CBCA recently published an opinion addressing the interpretation of "Brand Name or Equal" clauses in Glancy & Sons, Inc. v. Department of Veterans Affairs. In Glancy, the contract specifications identified a patient headwall…more
Construction Project, Contract Interpretation, Corporate Branding, Department of Veterans Affairs, Federal Contractors
The U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals' recent decision in United States ex rel. Rostholder v. Omnicare, Inc., reconfirms the well-founded principle that a civil False Claims Act (FCA) claim that is based on the defendant's…more
False Claims Act (FCA), Healthcare, Omnicare, Pharmaceutical Industry
On June 22, 2016, President Obama signed into law the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act for the 21st Century Act ("Lautenberg Act"), a sweeping and historic overhaul of our nation's primary chemical management law, the…more
Chemicals, EPA, Exports, Imports, Lautenberg Act
Cybersecurity remains a top focus of government regulators, and the prevailing trend is to encourage information sharing between the government and private entities to combat cybersecurity threats. In line with this theme, on…more
Barack Obama, Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA), Cybersecurity National Action Plan (CNAP), DHS
The D.C. Circuit Court issued its long-awaited opinion in PHH Corporation v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, No. 15-1177 (D.C. Cir., filed 2015) regarding the constitutionality of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's…more
Administrative Interpretation, CFPB, Constitutional Challenges, Dodd-Frank, Due Process
The Alabama Supreme Court recently addressed whether a lender must own a mortgage when it initiates foreclosure proceedings and, if not, whether that would invalidate the ownership rights in the property that the lender obtained…more
Foreclosure, Mortgages, Real Estate Market
On May 27, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the Waters of the U.S. Final Rule under the Clean Water Act (CWA). This is an expansion by the Obama Administration of the federal protection of U.S. waterways…more
Clean Water Act, EPA, Federal Jurisdiction, Final Rules, US Army Corps of Engineers
The Office of Civil Rights ("OCR") of the Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") published today the much anticipated final omnibus rule implementing the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health…more
Business Associates, Compliance, Covered Entities, Data Breach, Data Protection
The current U.S. Supreme Court has been noted for its hostility to patent holders in general, but the Supreme Court has been especially hostile to any sort of life sciences or software invention. The Court has attempted to…more
Additive Manufacturing, Computer-Related Inventions, DNA, Food Manufacturers, Genetic Testing
In the current economic environment, IRS-prescribed monthly interest rates for certain intra-family transactions are at historic lows. As a result, an excellent opportunity exists to transfer wealth to lower generation family…more
AFR, Estate Planning, Income Taxes, Interest Rates, Intra-Family Loans
Today, in a 7-2 decision with Justice Breyer writing for the majority, the Supreme Court issued a narrow interpretation of when the federal Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act ("SLUSA") preempts state-law securities…more
Class Action, Corporate Counsel, Ponzi Scheme, Preemption, SCOTUS
Last month, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights (OCR) announced the largest settlement to date for alleged violations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)…more
Breach Notification Rule, Business Associates, Covered Entities, Electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI), Enforcement Actions
Now that the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled in U.S. v. Windsor that the federal Defense of Marriage Act ("DOMA") is an unconstitutional "deprivation of the equal liberty of persons that is protected by the Fifth Amendment of the…more
Discrimination, DOMA, Due Process, Employee Benefits, Equal Protection
In June, the Supreme Court issued a landmark decision affecting copyright claims and defenses. The copyrighted work at issue was the popular motion picture Raging Bull, in which Robert DeNiro plays famous boxing champion Jake…more
Affirmative Defenses, Copyright, Copyright Infringement, Laches, MGM
In Deborah Hansler v. Lehigh Valley Hospital Network, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit overturned a motion to dismiss granted to Lehigh Valley based on FMLA regulations and its interpretation regarding…more
Appeals, Employee Rights, Employer Liability Issues, FMLA, FMLA Certification Forms
The ADOR has proposed a number of amendments to its rule governing the filing of partnership tax returns, Form 65. The new rule, as proposed, inserts language conforming with Alabama's recently enacted "factor presence nexus"…more
Amended Legislation, Business Taxes, Department of Revenue, Limited Liability Companies, Partnerships
The Alabama legislature recently passed a comprehensive revision of the state's noncompete statute, and Governor Bentley has signed the act into law. The new statute will become effective January 1, 2016. The new statute does…more
Amended Legislation, Employer Liability Issues, Non-Compete Agreements, Reasonableness Factors
Is there such a thing as a disparate impact age claim? The Eleventh circuit last week says not for people applying for a job. On October 5, 2016, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals issued an opinion shutting down claims under…more
ADEA, Age Discrimination, Appeals, Dismissals, Disparate Impact
The ACLU filed a complaint against Dignity Health, claiming that the total exclusion of care related to "sex transformation surgery" in Dignity's employee health insurance plan is unlawful sex discrimination. Now the EEOC wants…more
ACLU, Amicus Briefs, EEOC, Employer Group Health Plans, Policy Exclusions
On December 4, 2015, the Department of Defense, General Services Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration issued an interim rule amending the Federal Acquisition Regulations to implement sections of…more
Construction Industry, Department of Defense (DOD), Disclosure Requirements, Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), Federal Contractors
A series of recent federal enforcement actions targeting weaknesses in financial institutions' Bank Secrecy Act/anti–money laundering (BSA/AML) compliance programs continued on June 15, when the Department of Justice (DOJ),…more
Anti-Money Laundering, Bank Secrecy Act, Banks, BSA/AML, Civil Monetary Penalty
A central principle of construction contracts is that, where a contractor (a) commits to construct in accordance with plans and specifications (b) provided by the owner (c) in exchange for payment of a firm, fixed price, the…more
Board of Contract Appeals, Construction Defects, Construction Industry, Construction Project, Contract Disputes
With its recent decision in Central States SE and SW Areas, Health & Welfare and Pension Funds, 362 N.L.R.B. No. 155, 203 LRRM 2082 (August 4, 2015), the National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB" or "Board") has provided another…more
Administrative Appeals, ALJ, Dismissals, NLRB, Protected Concerted Activity
Section 1129 of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA) amended the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 to establish a duty for the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie…more
Affordable Housing, Fannie Mae, Financing, Freddie Mac, HERA
On September 30, the federal government shut down or significantly reduced staffing for many of its programs because of Congress' failure to pass a budget for this fiscal year. The shutdown appears set to affect the real estate…more
Fair Housing Act (FHA), Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Government Shutdown, Mortgages
The tide may finally be turning in Nevada. Since the Nevada Supreme Court dealt a devastating blow to the whole of the financial services industry in September 2014 by holding that an HOA could foreclose on its super-priority…more
Appeals, Constitutional Challenges, Debtor-Creditor, Deed of Trust, Due Process
For the first time in over 30 years, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) recently issued a comprehensive update to its guidelines on pregnancy discrimination. The EEOC's Enforcement Guidance on Pregnancy…more
ADA, ADAAA, Discrimination, EEOC, Employer Liability Issues
On Monday, the Second Circuit overturned a jury verdict and $1.27 billion penalty against Bank of America imposed under the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), 12 U.S.C. § 1833a…more
Bank of America, Breach of Contract, Burden of Proof, Countrywide, False Claims Act (FCA)
Q: Our condominium has more than 2 million square feet of unused common space. It seems like a no brainer to invite a food-and-drink vendor to use the space and charge rent based on a percentage of gross sales. Do we need to…more
Commercial Leases, Common Areas, Condominiums, Federal Housing Administration (FHA), HUD
Recent legislation in Kentucky and Tennessee:
Kentucky and Tennessee have recently been added to the growing list of states allowing the use of public-private partnerships (P3). The Kentucky Legislation (HB 309) was passed…more
Construction Industry, Infrastructure, Public Private Partnerships (P3s), Public Projects, Roads
Acme Bank has a problem. Acme loaned $480,000 for the purchase of a beach house on Sullivan's Island, South Carolina, securing the debt with a recorded mortgage. Six months ago, the bank received a letter from the county tax…more
Action to Quiet Title, Mortgage Lenders, Mortgages, Notice Requirements, Property Tax
A recent Pennsylvania case, Gongloff Contracting, LLC v. L. Robert Kimball & Assocs., Architects and Engineers, Inc., sheds light on circumstances in which design errors can lead to damages in tort as courts recognize exceptions…more
Construction Industry, Design Defects, Design Professionals, Economic Loss Doctrine, Negligent Misrepresentation
Last week, in U.S. ex rel. Advocates for Basic Legal Equality, Inc. (ABLE) v. U.S. Bank, the Sixth Circuit affirmed the dismissal of a False Claims Act (FCA) suit against U.S. Bank because the conduct alleged by the qui tam…more
Corporate Counsel, Fair Housing Act (FHA), False Claims Act (FCA), Foreclosure, US Bank
Recent history has seen a proliferation of health care organizations—including tax-exempt organizations, for-profit companies, and physician practice groups—that have joined together to take advantage of different synergies…more
Audits, Bipartisan Budget, Business Taxes, Income Taxes, Indemnification
Yesterday, in Encino Motorcars v. Navarro, No. 15-415, the U.S. Supreme Court vacated a Ninth Circuit ruling that had deferred to a Department of Labor 2011 regulation that auto service advisors were nonexempt and should receive…more
Arbitrary and Capricious, Car Dealerships, Chevron Deference, DOL, Exempt-Employees
Last October, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (CFPB) new integrated mortgage disclosure rule under the Truth in Lending Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (commonly known as the TILA-RESPA Integrated…more
CFPB, Closing Documents, Financial Services Industry, Mortgage Lenders, TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure Rule (TRID)
A workplace accident causes injury. In-house legal counsel edits the resulting post-accident investigation report and labels it "prepared in anticipation of litigation." Many would assume without question that the report is…more
Accident Reports, Corporate Counsel, Internal Investigations, Work Product Privilege, Workers' Compensation Defense
In a published opinion, the Fifth Circuit has held that an employee's poor performance in a light-duty position can relieve the employer from any further obligation to find a reasonable accommodation under the Americans with…more
ADA, Disability Discrimination, FMLA, Good Faith, Hiring & Firing
If you are responsible for a for-profit corporation or a limited liability company operating in the State of Mississippi, please be aware of the upcoming April 15 deadline to file your mandatory 2015 Annual Report. Failure to…more
Annual Reports, Business Entities, Filing Deadlines, Secretary of State
This week, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) proposed a long-awaited rule on payday, vehicle title, and certain high-cost installment loans – collectively. The proposed rule is open for comment through September…more
Ability-to-Repay, Automotive Loans, CFPB, Installment Agreements, Payday Loans
Recent years have seen a wave of efforts to control frivolous patent-infringement lawsuits perpetrated by so-called patent trolls. These started with the America Invents Act of 2011 and have been followed by the Patent Law…more
America Invents Act, Innovation Act, Inter Partes Review Proceedings, Patent Reform, Patent Trolls
On January 21, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in Gelboim v. Bank of America Corp., No. 13-1174, a case involving the timing for an appeal of an individual case that has been dismissed within a consolidated…more
Antitrust Litigation, Bank of America, Case Consolidation, Class Action, Gelboim v Bank of America
Yesterday, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) proposed additional amendments to Regulation X, which implements the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), and Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in…more
CFPB, Mortgage Servicers, Mortgage Servicing Rules, Mortgages, Proposed Amendments
The Tennessee Supreme Court recently announced the creation of the Davidson County Business Court Pilot Project. The business court represents the court system's effort to ensure the development of the necessary experience and…more
Business Court, Business Disputes, Business Torts, TN Supreme Court
I'm sure Newbridge, Ireland, is a lovely place, but most Americans haven't heard of it. That was the spirit of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit's decision in In re Newbridge Cutlery Co., involving the trademark…more
Geographically Descriptive, Trademarks
While a contractor generally has a right to a time extension and damages stemming from a delay caused by the owner, the owner (or general contractor if the harmed party is a subcontractor) may be able to assert several defenses…more
Construction Contracts, Construction Industry, Construction Project, Contractors, General Contractors
The D.C. Court of Appeals (the Court) recently issued a decision covering some important public construction contract principles, most notably notice, cost and pricing data requirements, and the implied duty of good faith and…more
Breach of Duty, Building Permits, Construction Contracts, Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing, Damages
As the lending community is well aware, the mortgage industry in the state of Nevada remains in flux. Nevada continues to deal with the aftermath of the Nevada Supreme Court's September 2014 decision in SFR Investments Pool 1,…more
First-Lien, Foreclosure, HOA, Mortgages, NV Supreme Court
The CFPB issued a proposed rule which significantly affects third-party access to information obtained by the Bureau. In addition to public requests under the Freedom of Information Act, the Privacy Act of 1974 and in legal…more
Banking Sector, CFPB, Comment Period, Confidential Information, Confidential Supervisory Information
On June 27, the United States Supreme Court declined to review the Second Circuit's decision in Madden v. Midland Funding, LLC, 786 F.3d 246 (2d Cir. 2015). By denying Midland Funding, LLC's petition for a writ of certiorari,…more
Choice-of-Law, Credit Cards, Debt Buyers, FDCPA, Madden v Midland Funding
It is said that one should cast a "wide net to catch the big fish." In patent parlance, the wide net is the claims and the big fish are the competitors and customers. The computer/software industry and diagnostic industry, among…more
3-D Technology, Abstract Ideas, Appeals, CLS Bank v Alice Corp, Computer-Related Inventions
In Kennedy v. Parks, the Kentucky Court of Appeals affirmed that the Kentucky Consumer Protection Act (CPA) does not apply to real estate transactions.
In Kennedy, the plaintiffs entered into a contract with a builder for…more
Commercial Bankruptcy, Construction Contracts, Consumer Protection Act, Real Estate Transactions, Services
Recipients of a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) have yet another reason to be wary of petitioning the Director to have the CID formally modified or set aside…more
Annuities, CFPA, CFPB, Civil Investigation Demand, Corporate Counsel
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) recently released its fifth annual Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) Annual Report, detailing the CFPB and FTC's activities throughout 2015 related to debt collection…more
CFPB, Credit Cards, Credit Reporting Agencies, Debt Collection, FDCPA
The ever-expanding scope of what constitutes the "press" creates new issues for companies and their counsel dealing with disputes that either are in or will develop into litigation. Routine corporate disputes that received no…more
Attorney-Client Privilege, Employer Liability Issues, Media, Online Reputation, Public Relations
For the first time in 18 years, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has issued revised guidance (the Guidance) regarding retaliation. The Guidance, which broadens and clarifies the definition of protected…more
ADA, Adverse Employment Action, Anti-Retaliation Provisions, Best Practices, But For Causation
On April 9, the House of Representatives passed HB 419 on a vote of 89-6. The bill, sponsored by Representative Paul DeMarco (R-Homewood) among others and championed by the Alabama Chapter of the Associated Builders &…more
Contractors, Department of Revenue, Exemptions, Government Entities, Proposed Legislation
With today's increased focus on data breaches and related cyber liability exposure, the insurance market continues to develop policies tailored to this unique risk. Insurers are also excluding cyber risks in many traditional…more
Class Action, Commercial General Liability Policies, Cyber Insurance, Data Breach, Data Security
In managing employee attendance, be careful about policies that suggest automatic termination after a certain number of absences as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) believes such policies violate the Americans…more
ADA, Attendance, Corporate Counsel, Discrimination, EEOC
The Alabama Accountability Act of 2013 (the "Act") provides state income tax credits to certain donors who make contributions to a state-approved scholarship granting organization (SGO) operating within Alabama. The Act was…more
Business Taxes, Charitable Donations, Scholarship Granting Organizations (SGOs), Tax Credits, Tax Deductions
We have previously written about recent regulatory focus on the student loan servicing industry. In particular, we discussed the issuance of a 151-page report issued by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) titled…more
CFPB, Department of Education, Federal Student Loans, Joint Policy Statements, Loan Servicer
I. June 2016—Tennessee Certificate of Need Meeting -
Increase in CON Filing Fees -
At the June meeting of the Tennessee Health Services and Development Agency, the agency adopted rules that increased application fees…more
Certificate of Need, Healthcare Facilities, Hospitals
The False Claims Act (FCA) is the federal government's chief weapon to combat false or fraudulent claims made to the government and has resulted in billions of dollars of recoveries. In recent years, broad interpretation of the…more
False Claims Act (FCA), Implied Certification, Materiality, Qui Tam, Universal Health Services Inc v United States ex rel Escobar
The Alabama Ethics Commission (the "Commission") held a regularly scheduled meeting on October 5, 2016. At the meeting, the Commission formally extended the comment period for two significant advisory opinions affecting…more
Board of Directors, C-Suite Executives, Campaign Finance Reform, Charitable Donations, Compliance
In September 2014, the Nevada Supreme Court held that an HOA could foreclose on its nominal super-priority lien and extinguish a senior mortgage in SFR Investments Pool 1, LLC v. U.S. Bank, N.A., a ruling that initially seemed…more
Bona Fide Purchaser, Foreclosure, HOA, Mortgage Lenders, NV Supreme Court
Tennessee employers– you can generally keep weapons off your property, but if you want to prosecute violators, you need the right sign. And, effective July 1, 2016, the state has changed what it says is an acceptable sign…more
Employer Liability Issues, Firearms, Gun Laws, Misdemeanors, Posting Requirements
Professional consultants and sub-consultants provide essential services to a Project during its planning, design, construction, and acceptance. In some jurisdictions, they enjoy protections from liability for "economic losses"…more
Bodily Injury, Construction Industry, Construction Project, Consultants, Negligence
We previously provided you five questions to determine whether your law firm vendor management program is sufficiently comprehensive. Given the attention drawn to such programs by regulators such as Office of Comptroller of the…more
CFPB, Financial Sector, Management, OCC, Risk Assessment
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has announced the annual revisions to the monetary thresholds that determine whether companies are required to notify federal antitrust authorities about a transaction under Section 7A of the…more
Fees, Filing Requirements, FTC, Hart-Scott-Rodino Act, The Clayton Act
In a recent decision issued by the Fourth District Court of Appeal, the court held that while a lis pendens may discharge liens that exist prior to entry of a final judgment of foreclosure, it does not affect those that accrue…more
Banks, Cause of Action Accrual, Dischargeable Debts, Foreclosure, Judgment Liens
This year continued the trend of aggressive False Claims Act (FCA) enforcement by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and high volumes of qui tam lawsuits brought by whistleblowers. In fiscal year 2015, the DOJ marked the fourth…more
Anti-Kickback Statute, Certiorari, DOJ, False Claims Act (FCA), False-Certification of Conformance
In Tibble v Edison International, Plaintiffs brought fiduciary duty claims against Edison International for alleged mismanagement of Edison's 401(k) Plan. Plaintiffs' claims centered upon the fact that the Plan's investment…more
401k, Employer Liability Issues, ERISA, Fiduciary Duty, SCOTUS
In this Issue:
- Federal Circuit's Metcalf Decision a Big Win for Contractors
- Government Defenses of Defective Certification and the Severin Doctrine not a Silver Bullet
- Are No-Damage-for-Delay…more
CBCA, Federal Contractors, Federal Procurement Systems, HHS, Licenses
With Davidson County and several other Tennessee counties in reappraisal years, we remind Tennessee property owners that now is the time to request an appointment to appeal real or personal property assessments if you disagree…more
A California man that operated as a high-level sales executive for a fraudulent residential mortgage-loan modification scheme will now spend several years in jail.
From 2009 to 2016, Mehdi Moarefian (aka Michael Miller)…more
Banking Sector, Borrowers, Convictions, Criminal Prosecution, Foreclosure
In an age of online banking, e-vites, and digital media, the mortgage loan closing process sticks out as one of the few areas that remain primarily paper-driven. Mortgage loan closings, however, could be the next target of a…more
Banks, Borrowers, CFPB, eClosing Pilot Program, Lenders
In our last blog post, we highlighted the benefits of retaining an investment banker for the sale of your family-owned business. As you might expect, investment bankers do not work for free. In today's blog post, we outline the…more
Bankers, Family Businesses, Fees, Investment Banks, Selling a Business
Bringing a lawsuit for a distinct variety of patent infringement has been made a little easier, which is good news for patent owners but probably bad news for victims of patent trolls. This outcome follows from a recent United…more
Cisco, Cisco v CommilUSA, Good Faith, Honest Belief Defense, Induced Infringement
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and Federal Housing Administration (FHA) issued Mortgagee Letter 2016-11, which specifically permits properties encumbered with a Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)…more
Banking Sector, Clean Energy, Federal Housing Administration (FHA), HUD, Loans
On December 22, 2014, French power and transportation company Alstom S.A. ("Alstom") pleaded guilty to violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and agreed to pay $772.29 million, the largest criminal fine ever…more
Alstom, Books & Records, Bribery, C-Suite Executives, China
On May 22, 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals addressed an important choice-of-law issue for parties involved in multidistrict litigation. When multidistrict litigation is centralized…more
Choice-of-Law, Complex Litigation, Forum, Multidistrict Litigation, Pharmaceutical Industry
We all think of December as the season of giving. Unfortunately, prevailing defendants in Title VII cases don't always feel that way. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prevailing plaintiffs enjoy compensatory…more
Attorney's Fees, Civil Rights Act, Damages, Discrimination, Injunctions
Many of the "form" commercial construction contracts (e.g., AIA forms) contain "dispute resolution" clauses proposing binding arbitration as opposed to courtroom litigation. Most U.S. courts, faced with the number of cases…more
Arbitration, Construction Contracts, Construction Disputes, Construction Industry
Several years ago, we assisted a lender who foreclosed on rural residential property and then discovered that vandals had removed metal pipes from the basement of the house. That was bad enough, but the removed piping had…more
Asbestos, Banking Sector, Contamination, Environmental Liability, Foreclosure
In Coulson Aviation (USA), Inc. (B-411525, B-411525.2, 2015 CPD ¶ 272), the Government Accountability Office (GAO) recently denied a contractor's protest over the terms of a request for proposals (RFP) issued by the Department…more
Bid Protests, Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), Federal Contractors, Federal Procurement Systems, Forest Service
On June 17, 2015, Texas adopted amendments to the Texas Uniform Condominium Act by requiring condominium unit owners' associations ("Association") to take specified procedural steps prior to initiating a construction defect or…more
Condominiums, Construction Defects, Construction Industry, Homeowners' Association, Inspections
A significant opinion from the Florida Third District Court of Appeal further clarifies the extent of the Florida statutory homeowners association (HOA) "safe harbor." In the end, entities that obtain title through judicial…more
Attorney's Fees, Declaratory Judgments, Estoppel, Fannie Mae, Fees
The D.C. Circuit Court released its highly anticipated opinion in PHH v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau on October 11. This post addresses one important holding from that opinion. In other posts, we will be analyzing the…more
Administrative Proceedings, CFPB, Constitutional Challenges, Dodd-Frank, Enforcement Actions
In Fridman v. NYCB Mortgage Co., the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit recently held that If a customer authorizes an electronic payment via the servicer's website, the servicer must credit the payment as of the date…more
ACH Payments, Mortgage Servicers, Regulation Z
Since 1998, charities have been able to own S corporation stock ("S stock"). However, the ownership of S stock by an exempt organization may result in either an unexpected tax burden or a liability rather than an asset for the…more
Charitable Donations, Charitable Organizations, Charitable Trusts, Corporate Taxes, Estate Tax
Giving an employee temporary light duty does not mean you have to create a permanent light duty position as a reasonable accommodation, at least according to a recent Sixth Circuit case. Here are the facts the Court considered…more
ADA, Disability Discrimination, Permanent Disability, Reasonable Accommodation, Workplace Injury
As the utility-scale solar market continues to expand and globalise, project developers and engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractors increasingly find themselves considering unfamiliar jurisdictions. A new…more
Energy Projects, Entrepreneurs, EPC Contractor, Foreign Investment, Risk Assessment
Earlier this week the Mississippi Legislature approved the conference committee report on tax reform legislation (House Bill 799) that significantly changes Mississippi's tax assessment and appeals procedures. Both the House and…more
Appeals, Apportionment, Pay-To-Play, Tax Assessment, Tax Penalties
In September 2014, the Nevada Supreme Court, in SFR Investments Pool 1, LLC v. U.S. Bank, N.A., held that a portion of a homeowners' association (HOA) lien for delinquent assessments has true super-priority status over a first…more
Action to Quiet Title, Deed of Trust, Foreclosure, Homeowners' Association, NV Supreme Court
As part of a broader push to update its regulations regarding Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECMs, more commonly known as reverse mortgages), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD published a Supplemental…more
Assignments, HECM, HUD, Public Comment, Reverse Mortgages
A deaf person applies for a job and the employee who takes applications asks you "how can a deaf person do this job?" What if an essential function of the job requires interaction with the public or the ability to communicate…more
ADA, Disability Discrimination, EEOC, Essential Functions, Hiring & Firing
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text:
The NFL has put the idea of an 18-game schedule on the table as part of the negotiating process. Among fans, this has become the largest point of debate.
While more games is a good thing when you think about it from a certain angle, the idea falls flat on many other levels. As a result, there isn't as much support for an 18-game season as the owners wanted to see.
But one man has a possible solution to this dilemma. It would allow both sides to claim victory in the process—if only it would work.
I'm a Cleveland Browns fan, and while reading through the Cleveland Plain Dealer this past Sunday, I came across this tidbit:
"It seems to me that there's a very simple solution to this whole 18-game schedule mess. The NFL would just have to make a rule that each player can only be active for 16 games. That way the players don't technically play any more games, and they get two weeks off.
Second-stringers will get more playing time and a chance to shine too. Plus, the record books wouldn't be made obsolete. It would be a win-win situation for both the players and owners."—Brad Grzyb, Cleveland Plain Dealer.
The full article, plus Tony Grossi's response, can be found here.
This idea sounds great at first pass, but there are problems. Since I like the idea on the surface I'm going to break it down to all of its pros and cons.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Copernica is the Dutch software developer of email marketing solutions such as our Marketing Software, MailerQ, SMTPeter and ResponsiveEmail.com. Next to that, we have a bunch of closed and open source projects that are used for our own solutions but are also sold as a seperate product. Think about PHP-CPP and Yothalot.
Copernica Marketing Software has over 5.000 users worldwide and has a network of over 300 partners. With Copernica Marketing Software, marketers are able to set up email marketing campaigns, landing pages, mobile and automatic campaigns.
The Copernica workplace is characterized by a professional and relaxed atmosphere, with plenty of room for personal initiative and personal development.
Is your job not listed here? Send your open application to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Open positions
- Technical product manager / marketeer
- Linux Network Architect
- Front end designers and / or developers
- Big Data Architect
- Back-end software engineers in PHP and C++
- IT Sales Consultant
We do not accept any unsolicited offers from recruitment agencies


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2003 Chevrolet S-10 Extended Cab 3dr Extended Cab LS Rwd SB (2.2L 4cyl 5M)
My chevy is slow. That's a fact. Edmunds claimed my four banger has a 0-60 time of 8 some seconds. That is a lie. The true time is around 15 seconds. it's ok off the line but it simply doesn't move once you get up there, and god forbid if you should try to pass anyone. The interior feels durable but also cheap and ugly in blobular chevy style. Gas mileage is pretty decent, i get around 23 average. The gearbox in my manual however, completely sucks. I've hit third on accident more than once at a stop sign because they are so darn close together, and the clutch feel unfriendly and prickly-if you want to shift smooth, you have to be extremely gentle. Not a terrible car but i won't miss it.
gas mileage, simplicity, durability
Make the seats higher, make the interior less ugly, make the exterior less ugly, make the gearbox better.
Purchased new in'03 the only trouble has been a battery replacement and a few exterior lamps. Still has original tires with 48000 miles. Good preventive maintenance is the key. The V6 4.3l engine is a bit rough on the wallet with gas prices as they are, but, all in all this truck can get out of its' own way when it has to.
Victory Red has been THE color for this region. Southeast N. Carolina.
Dear uncle GM, Please cancel the Colorado and bring back the S-10
The air compressor went out at 39,000 miles, the rear wheel bearings and the U joints at 41,000. I am lucky I bought the extended warranty. This is my last S10!
V6 has power.
Better quality control on the body and door fit, give a better warranty from GM to cover all the defects.
Bought this S-10 in May of 2005 overall is a great truck, but the flaws are it shift with a temperment some times she is happy sometimes she is mad! Really Mad!! Overall ride quailty is good on long trips and the wallet still has some cash in it after the 25MPG. If you dont mind a few MPG get the 6 - cylinder you will be glad you did! It is just more fun to drive and you dont have to ride with the hazard lights on while getting up to speed on the interstate! Overall cannot complane never been stranded or brokedown knock on wood!
LS standard automatic lights~
Little better gas mileage for those who opt for the 4-cylinder.
I have owned this 2003 S-10 for 8
months, I've had it in the service shop
over 9 times... Tranmission shifts
really hard, and big delay when slowing
down, then speeding up.
Perfect height.
Better transmission, brakes, audio.
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This also makes the generated sprite really small which is great if you care about page load times. A Ruby+ImageMagick sprite generator might also be a good thing to build.
"Is there an onReady() for AJAX events?"
We ran into an odd bug using FasterCSV to import some data. We were requiring the CSV files to be UTF-8 encoded, but some users tried to upload files in other encodings. FasterCSV ended up choking on characters that weren't valid UTF-8 and truncating the data to the end of the line and leaving fields blank. We didn't want to ask the user to select an encoding, because they'd probably get it wrong anyway, so we decided to reject any files with characters that would cause problems. The trick then, is how to detect that.
First, the tests. We want to detect if an input string contains valid characters in UTF-8 encoding. And we need to deal with both strings and IO (File or StringIO) objects (more on that in a bit).
describe "::encoding_is_utf8? checks strings and IOs" do
before do
@utf8 = "This is a test with ç international characters"
it "returns true when all characters are valid" do
Importer.encoding_is_utf8?(@utf8).should be_true
Importer.encoding_is_utf8?(StringIO.new(@utf8)).should be_true
it "returns false when any characters are invalid" do
bogus = Iconv.conv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', @utf8)
Importer.encoding_is_utf8?(bogus).should be_false
Importer.encoding_is_utf8?(StringIO.new(bogus)).should be_false
Here's the implementation:
class Importer
def self.encoding_is_utf8?(file_or_string)
file_or_string = [file_or_string] if file_or_string.is_a?(String)
is_utf8 = file_or_string.all? { |line| Iconv.conv('UTF-8//IGNORE', 'UTF-8', line) == line }
file_or_string.rewind if file_or_string.respond_to?(:rewind)
So the meat of the check is that we are using the Iconv library to detect bad characters. We convert from an assumed UTF-8 to UTF-8, ignoring any characters that can't be represented in UTF-8. If the output and input aren't identical, that means there were bogus characters and the uploaded file should be rejected.
The #rewind is needed to reset the read position in the file so FasterCSV can start over from the beginning. Specs for that aren't included here.
Then in our controller, we ensure the CSV doesn't have any bad characters before we give it to FasterCSV. We extracted that check into its own method, shown here:
def require_utf8!(csv_content)
unless Importer.encoding_is_utf8?(csv_content)
raise "Import file must be UTF-8 only. You can paste non-UTF-8 CSV directly into the CSV Text field for automatic conversion."
As you can read in the exception message (which ends up in the flash), the user can work around the encoding issue by pasting the CSV into a textarea input in the browswer, which automatically transcodes the data into UTF-8. Aren't browsers awesome? The other option would be to transcode the CSV file, but the textarea is easier if the files aren't gigundous. Anyway, since we can input CSV as either a file or a textarea string, that's why
#encoding_is_utf8? needs to check both files and strings.
This approach and implementation seem fine to me. I get the feeling there might be a much simpler way, though. Anyone got a better idea?
"Daemon best practices in Ruby?"
cut doesn't handle strange characters in large (5GB) text file, are there other unix commands for text file manipulation that are utf-8 compliant?"
sed maybe
hexdump to figure out what the weird characters are
UPDATE 01/14/2009: Chad's corrections
Matthew O'Connor and I recently worked on a project that sent SMS messages to mobile customers. Unfortunately the SMS aggregator we used on the project rejected messages with non-ascii characters.
One approach we considered was to strip our messages of any characters that were not ascii and send them as is. After looking through some of the rejected messages we realized most of the problems occurred with unicode punctuation. Instead of simple deleting the characters we tried transliterating them to their ascii equivalent.
Our first approach used IConv:
require 'iconv'
module SmsEncoder
def self.convert(utf8_text)
text = Iconv.iconv("US-ASCII//TRANSLIT", "UTF-8", utf8_text).first
text.gsub(/`/, "'")
rescue Iconv::Failure
For some reason the backtick ` also caused problems so we converted that after using Iconv.
This approach worked perfectly on OS X but as soon as we moved to the Linux servers the libiconv characteristics changed and most untranslatable characters became question marks instead of empty strings.
Instead of wrestling with libiconv we looked for a solution entirely in ruby. We found unidecode which got us most of the way there. Unidecode did a little more than we wanted though and translated Chinese and Japanese characters to their approximate sounds. e.g. 今年1月 gets transliterated to Jin Nian 1Yue
We decided to only transliterate extended latin charaters, punctuation and money symbols.
Here is the final code with the unidecode monkey patch:
require 'set'
require 'unidecode'
module SmsEncoder
def self.convert(utf8_text)
Unidecoder.decode(utf8_text.to_s).gsub("[?]", "").gsub(/`/, "'").strip
module Unidecoder
class << self
def decode(string)
string.gsub(/[^x20-x7e]/u) do |character|
codepoint = character.unpack("U").first
if should_transliterate?(codepoint)
CODEPOINTS[code_group(character)][grouped_point(character)] rescue ""
# c.f. http://unicode.org/roadmaps/bmp/
:basic_latin => Set.new(32 .. 126),
:latin1_supplement => Set.new(160 .. 255),
:latin1_extended_a => Set.new(256 .. 383),
:latin1_extended_b => Set.new(384 .. 591),
:general_punctuation => Set.new(8192 .. 8303),
:currency_symbols => Set.new(8352 .. 8399),
def should_transliterate?(codepoint)
@all_ranges ||= CODE_POINT_RANGES.values.sum
@all_ranges.include? codepoint
and tests:
class SmsEncoderTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
def test_transliteration_of_blank
assert_equal "", SmsEncoder.convert(nil)
assert_equal "", SmsEncoder.convert("")
def test_transliteration_of_whitespace
assert_equal "", SmsEncoder.convert(" tn")
def test_transliteration_of_text_surrounded_by_space
assert_equal "abc", SmsEncoder.convert(" abc ")
def test_transliteration_of_ascii
orig_text = "!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"
conv_text = SmsEncoder.convert(orig_text)
assert_equal orig_text.gsub(/`/, "'"), conv_text
def test_transliteration_of_unicode_punctuation
utf8_text = ""foo" ‹foo› 'foo' ,foo, –foo— {foo} (foo) `foo`"
ascii_text = SmsEncoder.convert(utf8_text)
assert_equal ""foo" <foo> 'foo' ,foo, foo-- {foo} (foo) 'foo'", ascii_text
def test_transliteration_of_common_latin1_characters
utf8_text = "ñ ò ^ ¡ ¿ Æ æ ß Ç §"
ascii_text = SmsEncoder.convert(utf8_text)
assert_equal "n o ^ ! ? AE ae ss C SS", ascii_text
def test_transliteration_of_money_characters
utf8_text = "€ £ $ ¥"
ascii_text = SmsEncoder.convert(utf8_text)
assert_equal "EU PS $ Y=", ascii_text
def test_untransliterable_characters
utf8_text = "ɏ x1f x01 x00 Ʌ x7f"
ascii_text = SmsEncoder.convert(utf8_text)
assert_equal "", ascii_text
def test_transliteration_of_chinese_characters
utf8_text = "ウェブ全体から検索"
ascii_text = SmsEncoder.convert(utf8_text)
assert_equal "", ascii_text


text:
Number of published dictionaries: 90
Featured Dictionary
Kemedzung is a language spoken in the villages of Dumbu and Kwei in the Misaje Sub-Division, Donga-Mantung Division, North West Region of Cameroon, West Africa. Dieu and Renaud (1983) in the Atlas Linquistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) list the language as: Kemezung [872]. Kemedzung is classified in the following manner: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid. Kemedzung is one of nine Beboid languages and there are around 3.540 speakers of Kemedzung (Lewis et al., 2015). In the local orthography the name is written as Kɨmədzuŋ.
The word list was at first about 2,500 words and phrases. These words were collected using the Inventaire Thematique de 2000 (Central African Word List). During two weeks of Rapid Word Collection in June and July 2015 another 13,685 words and phrases were collected by 48 speakers of Kemedzung.
Rapid Word Collection - collecting words for the dictionary
Workshop participants and trainers - May 2015
Pounding palm nuts to make palm oil
School children from the government primary school marching on Youth Day
House of bamboo sticks-the traditional house
Preparing Literacy books
Aerial view of Dumbu
Photos by Chris Smoes.


text:
We consider a simple analytical model for the electric near field of a semi-infinite conical probe and apply it to study the incident angle dependence of the field for the case of side illumination by both the plane wave and the Gaussian beam. The electric near field is shown to peak when approaching the grazing incidence. In some cases, a peak can also occur at an incident angle somewhat below 90°. The results obtained are in qualitative agreement with those for a thin semi-infinite wire and previously published results for the finite-size conical probes.
© 2007 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article


text:
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Located in the Student Centre building on the second floor.
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Mazda Mzr Engine
A selection of articles related to mazda mzr engine.
Original articles from our library related to the Mazda Mzr Engine. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Mazda Mzr Engine.
- Trance-formation (The Cosmic Tao of the Sexes)
- The purest outpouring of love between the sexes, is as a miniature super-nova of ecstatic union. Reciprocating pleasure becomes the engine that feeds the fires of passion. Passion becomes dynamic fuel for love. It is an engine that runs with the force of a...
Body Mysteries >> Yoga
- Survivalists' Guide for the New Millennium: Chapter 4
- THE TRANSFORMATION OF CATERPILLAR TO BUTTERFLY It is not difficult to see that the whole Agenda behind owning a bigger home, a newer car and more land is one of ego. This is an orientation toward the building of an empire of material wealth, in a vain...
Philosophy >> Survivalists Guide for the New Millennium
- Love and Clarity
- Literally any state of mind may be created or enhanced within. It is commonly assumed that our thoughts and feelings are difficult, if not impossible, to change at will. But this is not so. The meditator soon realizes that it is they who are primarily...
Mind >> Telepathy and Group Mind
- The Book of the Law, Liber 220, Part III
- III;1. Abrahadabra; the reward of Ra Hoor Khut. III;2. There is division hither homeward; there is a word not known. Spelling is defunct; all is not aught. Beware! Hold! Raise the spell of Ra-Hoor-Khuit! III;3. Now let it be first understood that I...
Thelema >> The Book of the Law
- Raising the World Mind (GM10-11)
- Part 1 | Part 2 Part 1 The wise live in accord with natural laws. It is they who understand that the laws of nature are much higher than the laws of man, because breaking them implies penalties far greater than a fine or prison sentence. When a person...
Mind >> World Mind
- The Pagan Origins Of Christian Mythology
- The Judeo-Christian religions were founded in a region of the world where savior religions existed for thousands of years. Much of the symbolism and many of the stories in the Bible may be traced to earlier myths of the Persians, Egyptians, and other people...
Religions >> Christianity & Paganism
Mazda Mzr Engine is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Mazda Mzr Engine books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- duratec engine components - Cosworth.com
- Cosworth has been modifying Ford four cylinder engines since 1959 and the practice continues with the Ford Duratec/Mazda MZR. The Duratec/MZR was ...
- www.cosworth.com
- MZR Engine. Skyactiv-mt. Skyactiv-Drive ...
- www.cargroup.org
- 2015 Mazda MX-5 Miata
- 2015 Mazda MX-5 Miata. Engine & Mechanical. MAZDA MX-5 MIATA AT A GLANCE.
- www.mazdausa.com
- 2011 MX-5 Miata - Mazda
- 167-hp†, MZR 2.0L DOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder engine with variable valve timing ( VVT). Convertible Options.
- www.mazdausa.com
- The New 2.2 l Diesel Engine from Mazda - Springer
- With this in mind, Mazda developed a new diesel engine for the launch of the second-generation ... The new MZR-CD 2.2 engine will be available for future ...
- link.springer.com
Suggested News Resources
- DRIVEN: Mazda 6 2.2L SkyActiv-D - what to expect from the upcoming Mazda
- The SkyActiv-D engine is an upgraded version of Mazda's previous 2.2 litre MZR-CD mill, which was found on the second-gen Mazda 6 and Mazda 3, as well as the first-gen CX-7. The SkyActiv-D made its debut at the 2009 Tokyo Motor Show on the CX-5, ...
- USF2000: Series reveals new chassis pricing
- Elite Engines will continue as the builder of the series powerplants, offering several different options. The current Generation 1 Mazda MZR race engine can be upgraded to the Generation 2 spec, which will utilize "drive by wire" technology in the USF-17.
- USF2000 reintroduces National Class with financial and career incentives
- Cars will be permitted to run either the same 2.0-liter Mazda MZR engine per the USF2000 Championship Class regulations or sealed 2.0-liter Ford Zetec motors as prepared by Elite Engines or Quicksilver RacEngines with National Class mapping.
- Australian driver Lloyd makes USF2000 return with Pabst Racing
- Cars will be permitted to run either the same 2.0-liter Mazda MZR engine per the USF2000 Championship Class regulations or sealed 2.0-liter Ford Zetec motors as prepared by Elite Engines or Quicksilver RacEngines with National Class mapping.
- New USF2000 car to start testing in June
- "But we're aiming for 270-275hp for the Pro Mazda and we're not sure we can get that from the MZR without spending a lot of money to make it a purebred race engine.
Suggested Web Resources
- Mazda MZR engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- MZR is the brand name of a generation of Straight-4 engines engineered and built by the Mazda Motor Corporation from 2001 to the present. MZR stands for ...
- en.wikipedia.org
- Mazda L engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- [edit]. In late 2006, Mazda announced an agreement with Advanced Engine Research (AER) to develop the MZR-R motor for sports car ...
- en.wikipedia.org
- Simplistic presentation of Mazda advanced MZR 2.3 DISI Turbo
- Jan 1, 2011 Interesting and informative video of the inner workings of Mazda's Amazing 2.3 DISI Turbo Engine. This advanced engine Technology can be ...
- www.youtube.com
- Mazda Motor Corp. 2.3L DISI Turbocharged DOHC I-4 | News
- Jan 4, 2006 Those two attributes provide the foundation of a good 10 Best Engines resume. It's no wonder, then, Mazda Motor Corp.'s sizzling new 2.
- wardsauto.com
- Duratec Engine Components - Cosworth.com
- The Duratec/MZR was designed as a replacement for the Zetec engine and was developed in joint collaboration with Ford and Mazda. The lightweight engine ...
- www.cosworth.com
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