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Wonderful doctor. Kids love him!
Excellent doctor!
I switched to dr gentile while pregnant with my third child. He was born with some concerning breathing issues, and the dr was very caring and patient with my son while figuring out what was wrong with him. We've been visiting the office often with all three children, and feel very good with the decision we made to switch doctors. Hope he doesn't retire until our kids are 18!!!
Dr Gentile is an excellent doctor. He is very good with my kids and assuring that they are healthy. However with that said the receptionist is always rude to us. She talks down to us like we are stupid and losers not worth her time. We have just recently switched doctors due to this issue. I feel bad because he is a good doctor, he just needs a more professional receptionist.
Both my husband and I had Dr. Gentile as our pediatrician and now he care for our 4 (soon to be 5) children. I can not say enough about Dr. Gentile and Louise. They have gotten our family through some very difficult times. Dr. Gentile is the King of follow up. Every time one of my kids gets sick HE calls me the next day to see how she is doing and let me know the results of any test and if there is anything else I can do. His affiliation with not only Harrington, but Umass, make it very easy to get everything my girls need close to home. We LOVE Dr. Gentile!!
Dr. Gentile was the pediatrician for all the children in our family and we are more than satisfied with the care we received. I could not ask for a more attentive and caring doctor. Always took time to ensure that we understood what was going on... trust him completely.
Would recommmend to anyone. He is extremely efficent and takes his time in correctly diagnosing and continues to follow up on the patient. An absolutely amazing pediatrician!
I take my daughter to Dr. Gentile from a recomendation a friend gave me. Both my friend and I love him and think he is a wonderful doctor. I was really surprised to read the poor review. He is great with children and I have never felt rushed.


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"I encourage all school law enforcement associations or organizations to work with NEP. My experience has been that NEP understood our needs and built an innovative website that will continue to provide cutting edge technology that will sustain our longterm growth."
Rudy Perez, Vice President - Los Angeles School Police Association

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Pentair 263035 1.5" CPVC, 3-Way Lube-Free Diverter Valve, w/2" Slip Outside
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- Description
Pentair's lube-free valves have excellent flow characteristics and are manufactured to strict quality standards. As the name says, they never require lubrication. Constructed of durable CPVC, they provide a lifetime of superior performance at a great price. All Pentair valves are easily installed and simple to use. When paired with Pentair valve actuators, they are the perfect solution for a fully automated operation.These valves are ideal for diverting, shutting-off, or mixing applications. The Teflon composite diverter seal requires no lubrication. Field-adjustable stops ensure precise positioning while simplifying use, and the extra-wide diverter offers superior sealing when used with valve actuators.Use CPVC valves where air temperatures can reach 105 Degrees F.
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- Fits Pipe Sizes: 1.5" x 2" CPVC
- Maximum Body Pressure: 150 psi
- Maximum Sealing Pressure: 35 psi
- Warranty
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- Questions & Answers
Will this valve divert to either output port and combine to both output ports?by DENNIS S. on 07-10-2012
Yes, this valve will act as a diverter /shut-off / mixing valve than can work for either application. When the Fiberglass Re-inforced handle is turned all the way to either side, it will divert all water flow to the new outlet. However, for mixing applications, the handle can be moved along it's range to adjust certain mixture amounts from each into a single outlet. This valve is plumbed with an inlet at every port for easy configuration.on 07-10-2012Please login or register before adding a question.


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Monday, June 18, 2007
QUICKtip: Buying silk yarn--beware the SMELL
Silk's terrible smell problem evidently comes from a gum left in the raw fiber as you can read here. In my experience, that silky - fishy smell never comes out, regardless of what you may try; not drycleaning, not sprinkling with baking soda, not detergent, not airing outside for days on end. (Not to mention--washing is hard on silk--silk has "low wet resiliency," meaning it is weak when wet, and easily crinkled.) Some method or another may have you convinced that you've got the problem knocked back a little, but as your body heat warms the silk, the smell may very well return. And if a silk garment with that fishy smell ever gets wet while you're wearing it ... rip the garment off and flee before sea gulls start circling.
Moral of the story: best to buy silk when you can touch and smell it. Go shopping on a day when you don't have a cold, and your allergies aren't acting up, and/or take a friend with you who has a keen sense of smell. Sniff, sniff, sniff before you buy. If you must purchase by mail order or off the web, be SURE to ask about the return policy. At the price of silk, there is no reason to buy yourself a lot of trouble vainly trying to get the smell out of an otherwise gorgeous silk garment--and of course, this is true of ready-made silk garments too.
Last note: the price does not guarantee no smell. Of three selections in my LYS, the cheapest was the only odor-free brand, the most expensive had a distinct punge, and the middle price range--which came in the largest selection of colors--smelled like fish bait.
Addendum the first: Thanks to the knowledgeable comments of June, here is a link to a site (called "wormspit!!") which shows a serious method of smell-elimination. If you already have a smelly silk problem, you could try this, although the link speaks only of undyed silk, and so may not be the thing for an already made up garment. The sophistication of this process shows again how very important it is to smell BEFORE you buy, or you may find yourself playing junior chemist...
Addendum the second-- Michael of wormspit came to visit! (Hi Michael!) Be sure to read what he has to say--he has the real low-down on all the different ways silk can come to smell bad--his wisdom is in the comments below.
(You have been reading TECHknitting on: smelly silk)
12 comments :
I just got sent over here by "String or Nothing" and you are getting added to my bloglines. Excellent blog. Thank you so much.
- June 18, 2007 at 11:14 AM
- June said...
The stink is sericin, and yes, my nose is very sensitive to it, too. Undyed silk can be degummed at home, but it's a bit of a process. A good explanation is here: http://www.wormspit.com/degumming.htm
- June 18, 2007 at 11:35 AM
- Miss T said...
Great information, thank you!
- June 18, 2007 at 1:00 PM
- Peach Pod said...
Thanks for the great blog. I found you via a link from Google Alerts. You are now part of my RSS feed. Keep up the good work!
- June 18, 2007 at 2:01 PM
- Sorka said...
Oh it is soo good you are out there warning people about this! I was absolutely shocked the first time I bought silk yarn! So much so I had to go around and ask ..is this normal??? So now I buy silk without fear!!
- June 18, 2007 at 4:13 PM
- Michael said...
Howdy! I'm Michael, of wormspit.com - I noticed hits to the website from here, and popped over to see what's up!
Sericin in silk has a distinctive smell - but if a silk yarn or fabric has a strong *fishy* smell, and it's not stiff, it may be an industrial hygeine issue. Silk "in the gum" is very stiff, almost wiry - and fabrics made from it can range from slightly-stiff organza, to feels-like-lawnchair-webbing stuff made from Tussah silk. It's not soft. This silk typically has a strong sericin smell to it. It still shouldn't smell like fish, though.
Silk that is soft, has had the sericin removed. It makes the yarn or fabric softer, more drapey, more shiny. Sometimes the factories where the silk is processed, don't keep their water clean enough, and then what you smell is the slightly fishy smell of the dead silkmoth pupae - it really reeks. The water gets really grody, and if you don't keep it fresh, the grody soaks into the yarn. I've had it happen when I was doing a demo, and didn't get around to changing my water - yuk. Most spun silk yarns (as opposed to reeled silk yarns) are made from waste, which has often sat in damp conditions compacted with bug bits and more wet silk - in my experience, this is the stuff that usually has the stank on it.
I wouldn't recommend degumming dyed yarn (degumming takes off a fine layer, and can remove some or all of the color) but if the dyes are fast (test a sample first!) you should be able to wash it quite hot in soap, and finish it with a rinse in acid - either a glug of vinegar in water, or a tablespoon of citric acid. This can help a lot. If a manufacturer recommends dry cleaning, their dyes or fabric finishing may not withstand water, so be careful.
- June 18, 2007 at 8:03 PM
- --TECHknitter said...
THANK YOU MICHAEL for your visit and your remarks! I have put (another) addendum in the text of the post--alerting readers to scroll down to read what you have to say. Creating silk seems like a very organic process--and dead silkworms are part of the deal, I see.
- June 18, 2007 at 8:43 PM
Thank you for this! I have a silk/wool shawl made a few years ago that has started to smell bad and I could not figure out what had gotten into it. I've washed it several times to no avail. Now I know! What got into it was what was in it all along. I'm going to try your suggestions Michael, I hope they work because I love the shawl but can't wear it in it present otious state.
- June 19, 2007 at 8:55 AM
- Envirosafe said...
there is a blog post at www.pestcontrolcharlotte.net about silk smells produced by case making moths and how some are resistant to eating silk ironically
- November 8, 2012 at 6:06 AM
- Susan said...
How odd! I have never found this smell in silk to be very strong or repulsive, though I've never found it to be fishy (which would gross me out). I have a raw silk shawl from Thailand that my sister brought me last year, which smelt strongly of sericin (as I now know -- thanks, you all!). I wore it all winter as a muffler, and liked the smell of it.
It may be because my very early childhood was spent in the Philippines, where silk is as common as cotton. My mother binged on raw silk, buying miles of yards to decorate and sew clothing. (She used a lot of burlap, too, which was hip in the early sixties along with Danish modern, so I kind of like the smell of that, as well -- though my son says it stinks to high heaven.)
- May 27, 2013 at 11:56 AM
- Anna Viney said...
I never realised this was "a thing" - found this blog post after doing a google search on getting fishy smell out of silk. Brand new silk top I have only worn once now stinks like fish. How weird! Has anyone had any luck w getting the smell out of dyed garments?
- March 7, 2014 at 11:38 PM
- Penelope Boehle said...
At least now I know..... bought a cardigan made by Winter Silks at a thrift store. Beautiful, until I started wearing it, ewwww, it smelled like the odor my dog used to come back with when she rolled in something nasty in the woods. Fishy to say the least.
- April 19, 2016 at 3:47 PM


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Around 20 people attended last week's meeting to learn what changes would be coming to the Gravel Switch Post Office.
Starting in January, the window at the Gravel Switch office will be open four hours a day, from 11:45 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. Monday through Friday. Saturday hours will remain the same, from 7:45 a.m. to 10:45.
"I don't like doing this anymore than anybody else," said Tommy Adkins, a manager of post office operations out of Lexington.
By Kandice Lanham
Marion County's middle schools will celebrate Arts & Humanities Day during the New Harmonies Smithsonian exhibit from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., Oct. 29, at Centre Square. The showcase will feature visual arts, dance and a combined band and chorus performance by Lebanon and St. Charles middle schools. The theme will be Kentucky folklore, using different genres of music. A final performance will be at 6 p.m.
Halloween in the Park will take place from 5:30 to 7 p.m., Wednesday, Oct. 31, at Graham Memorial Park.
Trick-or-treating will take place in the City of Lebanon from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Oct. 31.
A group called Kentucky Family Values started running radio ads last week criticizing Bill Pickerill, the Republican candidate for state representative.
KFV claims that, as a city councilman, Pickerill approved a "300 percent" pay raise for himself, but denied pay increases for local police officers. As a result, officers left Lebanon for other communities and made the city unsafe.
"It's not even a half-truth," Pickerill said in a phone interview.
Five years ago, the children of Eugene Hourigan were talking about what they could do for Halloween. They discussed making a haunted forest in the land around Eugene's home, and they eventually decided if they were going to do it, they might as well open it for the public, too.
"It's one time a year," said Joyce Hourigan Taylor. "We get together. We have fun. We scare each other."
Marion Adjustment Center hosted its annual Human Kindness Organization fall festival on Sept. 21. Inmates and staff hosted consumers at Marion County Industries and similar organizations in neighboring communities for a day of games and activities.
Last week, local school children added their voices to the chorus, and Amos Hopkins and The White Russians performed in Angelic Hall to coincide with the display of the Smithsonian's New Harmonies exhibit. Student choruses from Calvary Elementary, Lebanon Elementary and Marion County High School performed Oct. 16. The White Russians and the Honeysuckle String Band performed Oct. 19.
The Kentucky Department of Education will release the results of the first Kentucky Performance Rating for Educational Progress (K-PREP) this month. State and local educators are anxious about what the results will reveal. Recently, Robyn Oatley of the Prichard Committee for Academic Excellence in Lexington made a presentation to the Marion County School Board and the district's leadership team regarding the upcoming test results.
"Expectations have really risen," Oatley said.
Name: Ed Whitfield
Age: 69
Campaign website: www.whitfieldforcongress.com.
1. Why are you seeking re-election?
Name: Charles Kendall Hatchett
Age: 61
Campaign website: www.hatchettforcongress.net
1. Why are you running?
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The Lebanon Enterprise is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Marion County and Lebanon, KY, and the surrounding area.


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Preparing a tomato-garlic sauce from scratch in the microwave will fill your kitchen with the aromas of an upscale Italian restaurant.
Spray Deep Covered Baker with olive oil using Kitchen Spritzer. Slice garlic into baker using Garlic Slicer. Add tomatoes. Cover; microwave on HIGH 4-5 minutes or until tomatoes begin to burst, stirring after 2 minutes. Crush tomatoes using Mix 'N Chop. Add pasta, broth, wine, salt and black pepper.
Return Baker to microwave; cover and microwave on HIGH 16-18 minutes or until pasta is tender, stirring after 10 minutes. Meanwhile, coarsely chop basil with Chef's Knife. Reserve 2 tbsp for garnish. Grate cheese using Rotary Grater.
Carefully remove Baker from microwave using Oven Mitts and remove lid, lifting away from you. Add remaining basil, cheese and chicken to baker; mix well. Garnish with reserved 2 tbsp basil, additional Parmesan cheese and black pepper, if desired.
U.S. Nutrients per serving: Calories 240, Total Fat 2.5 g, Saturated Fat .5 g, Cholesterol 25 mg, Carbohydrate 35 g, Protein 17 g, Sodium 450 mg, Fiber 2 g
An additional 3/4 cup chicken broth can be substituted for the wine, if desired.
Any tube-shaped pasta requiring 9-11 minutes cook time, such as penne or rigatoni, can be substituted for the mezze penne pasta.
To grill chicken in the Grill Pan, season 2 chicken breasts, about 6 oz each, with salt and black pepper. Heat Grill Pan over medium-high heat 5 minutes. Spray pan with oil. Cook chicken 4-6 minutes or until grill marks appear. Turn chicken over; cook 4-6 minutes or until center of chicken is no longer pink and Digital Pocket Thermometer registers 170°F.
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Charles Babbage Children
A selection of articles related to charles babbage children.
Original articles from our library related to the Charles Babbage Children. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Charles Babbage Children.
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 32
- Chapter 32 32:1 Now the children of Reuben and the children of Gad had a very great multitude of cattle: and when they saw the land of Jazer, and the land of Gilead, that, behold, the place was a place for cattle; 32:2 The children of Gad and the children of...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 1
- Chapter 1 1:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, 1:2 Take ye the sum of all the...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 8
- Chapter 8 8:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 8:2 Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light over against the candlestick. 8:3 And Aaron did so; he lighted the lamps thereof over against the...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 18
- Chapter 18 18:1 And the LORD said unto Aaron, Thou and thy sons and thy father's house with thee shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary: and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood. 18:2 And thy brethren also of the tribe of...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 34
- Chapter 34 34:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 34:2 Command the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land of Canaan; (this is the land that shall fall unto you for an inheritance, even the land of Canaan with the coasts thereof:...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 3
- Chapter 3 3:1 These also are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that the LORD spake with Moses in mount Sinai. 3:2 And these are the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 3:3 These are the names of the...
Old Testament >> Numbers
- King James Bible: Numbers, Chapter 10
- Chapter 10 10:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 10:2 Make thee two trumpets of silver; of a whole piece shalt thou make them: that thou mayest use them for the calling of the assembly, and for the journeying of the camps. 10:3 And when they shall blow...
Old Testament >> Numbers
Charles Babbage Children is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Charles Babbage Children books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- Here are women's history books for your kids
- The daughter of the famous poet, Lord Byron, she was fascinated by numbers and mathematics as a child. She became a mathematical genius and after meeting Charles Babbage, the inventor of the first mechanical computer, she wrote the algorithm, ...
- Ada Lovelace: The World's First Programmer And Enchantress Of Numbers
- The first person to write a computer program was none other than Ada, Countess of Lovelace, a remarkable mathematician and writer who also happened to be the only legitimate child of the poet Lord Byron.
- Augusta Ada King – How a 27 Year-Old Poet Born In 1815 Became the World's
- She was the daughter of a reserved but mathematically gifted mother and the only legitimate child of the great romantic poet and notorious playboy Lord Byron. But Ada never actually met her father; her parents separated when she was ...
- Influential Women in Technology
- One of the most prominent women in tech history is Ada Lovelace, a gifted mathematician renowned for her work with Charles Babbage and his Analytical Engine. Lovelace translated an Italian article about the engine ...
- Paul Armer, former director in the Computer Science department, dies at 91
- Paul Armer, a longtime lecturer and director in the Computer Science department at Stanford, died last month on Jan. 6. Armer, 91, had been hospitalized at Stanford Hospital due to pneumonia.
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
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Chinese-Style Pork Stir-Fry
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 10 mins
A quick and easy stir-fry dinner from Kraft. Could easily sub chicken in this recipe.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 tablespoon oil
- 1 lb boneless pork chop, cut into strips
- 2 cups stir fry vegetables (frozen are fine)
- 1⁄4 cup Italian dressing (Kraft Zesty works nicely)
- 2 tablespoons soy sauce
- 2 tablespoons honey
- 1⁄4 teaspoon ground ginger
- Heat the oil in large nonstick wok or skillet on medium-high heat. Add meat; stir-fry 5 minute or until cooked through.
- Add the remaining ingredients; stir-fry 5 minute or until vegetables are heated through.
- Serve over hot cooked rice.
Most Helpful
This was really good. Kind of a sweet and sour taste, but a little splash of vinegar would make it even more so. The sauce was a little runny, so I think next time I'll try to thicken it with a little cornstarch. Other than that, a wonderful recipe.
Hi there, I made this exactly to the recipe and it was so quick so easy and so good. I served it with egg noodles and did the prep before going to work, and when I came in dinner was on the table in no time at all. I loved the sauce, I would never of thought about doing that. I will have this on the menu again, really very good, my kind of dish. Thank you for posting. Made for ZWT#6 2010.


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Tag Archives: Mead
Metheglin Mead
Metheglin Mead Thoughts: I started my batch in April, bottled in May, and tried it at the end of August, about 5 months later. At this point, it's ever so slightly fizzy when first cracked open, and a beautiful light golden color. It smells like
Mead Kits
Elderberry Mead, with kit For those of you looking for an easier approach to meads, let me recommend the kits sold by Ambrosia Farm. I tried out their Elderberry mead kit, and was delighted with the result! It produces a short mead, similar to what
Having mostly settled into the new apartment, I'm ready to get back to brewing! As with many such projects, it's a lot more fun in a group. I've got a long list of various brews I'm planning to try sooner or later, and these are
Mutton Chops sauced with Honey and Cloves
"Such food Bran had never seen; course after course after course, so much that he could not manage more than a bite or two of each dish. There were great joints of aurochs roasted with leeks, venison pies chunky with carrots, bacon, and mushrooms, mutton
It's good to be the King… Robert Baratheon's Ideal Meal
No wonder King Robert is so large, and there's little question why the crown was six million gold dragons in debt. Cheese. And ale. And venison, mead, bacon, wine, tarts, and a plethora of other tasty, tasty foodstuffs. This meal left two of us utterly
Got Mead?
Our thoughts: First of all, we LOVE mead. Like, would keep our own bees so we could make our own mead kind-of-love. Mead comes in a wider variety than you might expect. All are honey-based, but that's usually where the similarities end. Some meads are


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Proposed amendment would establish a reserve fund to help cover disproportionate regulatory burdens on CUs.
Sessions, Corker, Cornyn, Roberts speak out on Fed nominee. "Ms. Yellen subscribes to the liberal school of thought."
Let there be no doubt that credit unions' federal tax exemption is something our industry is going to have to fight for in order to keep.
Senate Budget Committee Chairman Kent Conrad announced today he won't seek another term next year.


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An Italian composer, born at Florence about 1500; died 1571. He was a pupil of Claude Goudimel. He was made choir-master at the Vatican and retained this position until his death. He was the real predecessor of Palestrina not only in office, but also in his earnest endeavours to attain harmonic clearness in the midst of all the devices of counterpoint then so much in vogue. He aimed at perfecting the style of the old Flemish school by harmonic fullness, by a more natural melodic progression of the voices, and a closer correspondence of the melody with the text. His friendship with St. Philip Neri resulted in his appointment as music-master to the new society founded by the Saint. He composed the first laudi for its use. These laudi were songs of praise for several voices, and were always performed after the sermon. For the sake of variety, Animuccia composed single stanzas and later on single lines in the shape of solos, concluding with a powerful and effective chorus. A first volume of them appeared in 1566, a second in 1570. These laudi proved to be the germs of the later oratorio , for from their dramatic tone and tendency the oratorio seems to have been developed. In this sense St. Philip Neri has been called the "Father of the Oratorio". In addition, Animuccia composed many masses, motets, psalms, and madrigals of which some were published in Venice and Rome, 1548-68. But his compositions which were never printed are far more numerous, and the Manuscripts of them today are, for the most part, in the Sistine Chapel — ANIMUCCIA, PAOLO, brother of Giovanni, died at Rome, 1563. He was choir-master at the Lateran for two years (1550-52). He left little printed music. There is a motet of his in a collection published at Venice (1568), and madrigals of his composition are found in many of the miscellaneous collections published between 1551 and 1611.
The Catholic Encyclopedia is the most comprehensive resource on Catholic teaching, history, and information ever gathered in all of human history. This easy-to-search online version was originally printed between 1907 and 1912 in fifteen hard copy volumes.
Designed to present its readers with the full body of Catholic teaching, the Encyclopedia contains not only precise statements of what the Church has defined, but also an impartial record of different views of acknowledged authority on all disputed questions, national, political or factional. In the determination of the truth the most recent and acknowledged scientific methods are employed, and the results of the latest research in theology, philosophy, history, apologetics, archaeology, and other sciences are given careful consideration.
No one who is interested in human history, past and present, can ignore the Catholic Church, either as an institution which has been the central figure in the civilized world for nearly two thousand years, decisively affecting its destinies, religious, literary, scientific, social and political, or as an existing power whose influence and activity extend to every part of the globe. In the past century the Church has grown both extensively and intensively among English-speaking peoples. Their living interests demand that they should have the means of informing themselves about this vast institution, which, whether they are Catholics or not, affects their fortunes and their destiny.
Copyright © Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company New York, NY. Volume 1: 1907; Volume 2: 1907; Volume 3: 1908; Volume 4: 1908; Volume 5: 1909; Volume 6: 1909; Volume 7: 1910; Volume 8: 1910; Volume 9: 1910; Volume 10: 1911; Volume 11: - 1911; Volume 12: - 1911; Volume 13: - 1912; Volume 14: 1912; Volume 15: 1912
Catholic Online Catholic Encyclopedia Digital version Compiled and Copyright © Catholic Online


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A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
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Unions Demand Oakland Schools Teach Kids That Cop Killer Mumia Abu-Jamal Was Just Like MLK
I'm sure the leftist educational industrial complex in Oakland would be more than happy to comply:
A collection of labor unions is demanding that leaders of California's Oakland Unified School District allow a lesson plan that compares convicted cop killer Mumia Abu-Jamal to civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to appear on the district's website.
In a resolution passed on July 14, the Alameda Labor Council condemned Oakland Unified school leaders for censoring the pro-cop killer lesson plan, entitled "Urban Dreams," and accused them of buckling to the intimidation tactics of the Fraternal Order of Police and Fox News.
The Alameda Labor Council — which is affiliated with the AFL-CIO — is an umbrella organization that coordinates the political activities of more than 100 unions, including the Berkley Federation of Teachers and the California School Employees Association. […]
In its resolution, the Alameda Labor Council maintains that Abu-Jamal is innocent of killing Faulkner and defends the "Urban Dreams" curriculum as "invaluable" for teaching students to think critically about social justice.
Specifically, the "Urban Dreams" lessons ask students to "critically examine a possible parallel between Martin Luther King, Jr., and someone else many believe is currently targeted by the U.S. government, Mumia Abu-Jamal."
This is despicable.
He's targeted by the U.S. government because he killed a cop. Anyone who disputes that is a leftist revisionist who wants a socialist revolution in America and sees a race war as a way of making that happen.
That's why it's not that surprising to see this from a labor union.
Hat Tip: Weasel Zippers
See also: The 20 Hottest Conservative Women In The New Media for 2014
The 15 Best Conservative News Sites On The Internet
Obama Voters Say You Have to Pay Their Way
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Even though my father, brother, uncles and grandfather were in the military, I seldom handled guns growing up. That's because unlike many of the other people in my family, I've...Read More
Duane Lester
Duane Lester is co-founder of All American Blogger, and the primary writer. Following graduation, Duane entered the United States Navy as a journalist. He spent five years touring the world, reporting on local news and sports. Following his enlistment, Duane spent almost 10 years working with adjudicated youth in residential treatment environments. Duane discovered politics after September 11. He credits Erich "Mancow" Muller for opening his eyes to his conservative beliefs. Since then, Duane has devoured books and literature on politics, reading everything he can from Adam Smith to Larry Elder to Thomas Sowell. He refers to his style of politics as "conserva-tarian", a mixture of conservative and libertarian beliefs.
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text: Located in Chefchaouen (Medina of Chefchaouen), Hotel Dar Mounir is minutes from Plaza Uta el-Hammam and Chefchaouen Kasbah. This hotel is within close proximity of Ras Elma Park and Chefchaouen Waterfall. Make yourself at home in one of the 11 air-conditioned rooms featuring flat-screen televisions. Your room comes with a Select Comfort bed. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms have complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Take in the views from a rooftop terrace and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access and tour/ticket assistance. Satisfy your appetite at the hotel's restaurant, which serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner, or grab a snack at a coffee shop/café. Featured amenities include a 24-hour front desk, laundry facilities, and a safe deposit box at the front desk. A roundtrip airport shuttle is provided for a surcharge (available on request).


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October 27, 2016
Grow up! Co-creation opportunities and partnerships increase with digital maturity
October 25, 2016
Hackers used everyday connected devices to cause massive internet outages
October 19, 2016
TM Forum Open APIs gain momentum as key enablers for interoperability
October 10, 2016
White House offers TM Forum's Smart City Maturity Model as part of its Smart Cities Initiative
September 29, 2016
60% of IoT devices falling short on privacy and data protection
September 22, 2016
Roaming charge abolition plan redrafted
September 22, 2016
Store visits drop 48% in three years
October 27, 2016
Oh telco, we are in Kansas – just
Remember for years everything was, "What would Google do?", and "Why can't telcos be like Google?". Then the search giant […]
October 27, 2016
Grow up! Co-creation opportunities and partnerships increase with digital maturity
Being able to participate in digital ecosystems and maximize the benefits they offer increases with digital maturity, according to new […]
October 26, 2016
Toronto: Being a world-class contender on the Waterfront
Rob Meikle, CIO, City of Toronto, opened his presentation at Smart City InFocus, Yinchuan, China recently, saying, "We [cities]must continue […]
October 26, 2016
How virtualization and big data can shift the OSS/BSS paradigm
At TM Forum Live! Asia (Singapore December 7-8), Ericsson's Brij Bhushan Ravat will give a presentation on "The paradigm shift in […]


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On this week's show, Jon Doel, Simon Thomas and Gareth Griffiths assess the future of regional rugby in Wales following suggestions four regions may not be sustainable.
Let us know your thoughts on the issue by leaving your comments below.
Rugby Correspondent SIMON THOMAS on why Jamie Heaslip's elevation to the Ireland captaincy spells bad news for Wales rival Sam Warburton as far as the British Lions tour is concerned this summer
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Entry-Level Senior Research Analysts pull down an average of $61K per year. Location and the company each impact pay for this group, with the former having the largest influence. Work is enjoyable for Entry-Level Senior Research Analysts, who typically claim high levels of job satisfaction. Medical benefits are awarded to almost all, and a large number earn dental coverage. Women Entry-Level Senior Research Analysts who took the survey just slightly outnumber men. The numbers in this rundown were provided by PayScale's salary survey participants.
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The Nielsen Company reports the lowest median salary in the area (it's only $62K) but some workers make up to $76K, indicating a rather large gap in employee earnings.
Surpassing the national average by 25 percent, Entry-Level Senior Research Analysts in Boston receive some of the highest pay in the country. Entry-Level Senior Research Analysts will also find cushy salaries in San Francisco (+25 percent), Houston (+17 percent), Los Angeles (+5 percent), and New York (+4 percent). With compensation 18 percent below the national average, Baltimore is not known for hefty paychecks and actually represents the lowest-paying market. Minneapolis and Boulder are a couple other places where companies are known to pay below the median — salaries are 16 percent lower and 11 percent lower, respectively.
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News Detail
Nursing Faculty Presents at National Teaching Conference
Dr. Diane Mick, Associate Professor at the Wegmans School of Nursing, presented four topics at the National Teaching Institute of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN), April 30-May 5. The conference took place at McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago.
Her presentations were entitled, "Taking the Burn Out of Burnout: Strategies for Career Renewal," "Making the Abstract Concrete: Writing the Perfect Abstract," "Symptom Management at the End of Life," "Combining the AACN-West Synergy Model and AACN-East Adult-Gerontology APRN Competencies."
This annual conference is the premier critical-care nursing conference in the United States and Canada, and attracts thousands of nurses each year.
AACN is the largest specialty nursing organization in the world, representing the interests of more than 500,000 nurses who are charged with the responsibility of caring for acutely and critically ill patients.
Latest Nursing News
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- 2016 Nursing Graduates Earn 100 Percent Pass Rate on Licensure Exam
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Diane Greenwood, MSW, LCSW
WCU Coordinator of Philadelphia Site
Phone: 610-436-2551
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Phone: 267-386-3019
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WCU's Center City location offers the quality, reputation, and personalization that West Chester University is known for in a more convenient and affordable format. WCU in Philadelphia specializes in part-time courses for busy professionals, providing undergraduate and graduate programs all under one roof in the heart of Center City. Additionally, Philadelphia campus students receive a 10% tuition discount.
Small class sizes and distinguished faculty members are the hallmarks of a WCU in Philadelphia education, and create a positive and successful learning experience for students. In addition to attaining a customized education experience, students will network and build connections, setting them on the right path for a sucessful future.
Academic colleges represented at the Philadelphia campus include:


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Most Cited Small Ruminant Research Articles
The most cited articles published since 2011, extracted from Scopus.
The effects of dietary consumption of plants secondary compounds on small ruminants' products qualityValentina Vasta | Giuseppe Luciano
Volume 101, Issues 1-3, November 2011, Pages 150-159
Worldwide policies are encouraging the use of natural rangelands and low input feeding resources for livestock farming. Most of the low input feed contain secondary compounds (PSCs) - such as phenolic compounds (PhCs), saponins, and essential oils (EO) - which play a primary role on animal digestion and performances and also on product quality. Meat and milk fatty acid composition can be manipulated by dietary tannins as these PSCs modify ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids through changes in ruminal ecology. Dietary tannins improve products' flavour by reducing the ruminal biosynthesis of skatole and its accumulation in meat and milk. The addition of garlic or juniper EO in lamb diets reduces the off-flavours perception while thyme or rosemary EO lowered the rancid-odour perception of meat under display. It is proved that dietary PhCs ameliorate meat oxidative stability and prevent meat from discoloration thus extending product shelf life. The dose-response effect of these PSCs as well as their mechanisms of action are not fully unravelled. Nevertheless, the use of plants rich in secondary compounds or the supplementation of purified PSCs in small ruminants diet seem to be a promising strategy for improving products quality. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Behavioural and physiological profiles following exposure to novel environment and social mixing in lambsG. C. Miranda-de la Lama | M. Villarroel | G. A. María
Volume 103, Issues 2-3, April 2012, Pages 158-163
Most livestock production systems, animals are classified by sex, age or weight at different times in their productive life. In recent years, the pre-slaughter logistics for lamb production has been modified to include an intermediate step between the farm and the abattoir at classification centres (CC), where animals are classified by weight upon arrival and finished to the appropriate slaughter weight. In this study we describe the changes in social behaviour and stereotype profiles of lambs during one month after exposure to novel environment (CC) and social mixing as well as changes in key physiological variables associated with stress. We used a total of 36 male lambs (live weight of 17±0.9kg, approximately 60 days old and weaned at 45 days). Lambs were allocated to three different pens with 12 lambs each (0.75m 2 per lamb) and took behavioural and physiological measurements at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after classification and mixing. Behaviour was video recorded continuously for 8h on each sampling day (08:00-17:00h) to note aggressive, affiliation and stereotypic behaviours. Blood samples were taken by jugular venipuncture after the behavioural observations to measure plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and haematological counts. The number of interactions with physical contact and stereotypes decreased with time (P<0.01), while aggressive and affiliative interactions without physical contact remained the same throughout the trial. The average number of aggressions and affiliative interactions with contact were significantly higher on day 1. Total aggressions peaked on day 1, but decreased to a similar frequency as total stereotypes later on, while total affiliative interactions also peaked on day 1 but were much less frequent. Oral stereotypes peaked on day 1 as did body-rubbing. Plasma cortisol was significantly higher (P<0.01) in lambs sampled on days 1 and 7, compared with days 14 and 28. Plasma CK (P<0.05) was higher on day 1 but then decreased. In conclusion, exposure to novel environment (CC) and social mixing can be considered an important stress for lambs, and increased levels of aggression, stereotypes and plasma cortisol levels can be used reliably to indicate welfare problems at the CC. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of sodium selenite, Se-yeast and nano-elemental selenium on growth performance, Se concentration and antioxidant status in growing male goatsLiguang Shi | Wenjuan Xun | Wenbin Yue | Chunxiang Zhang | Youshe Ren | Lei Shi | Qian Wang | Rujie Yang | Fulin Lei
Volume 96, Issue 1, March 2011, Pages 49-52
The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of inorganic, organic and elemental nano-selenium on growth performance, Se concentration and antioxidant status in growing male goats. A total of 40 weaned Taihang black goats were randomly divided into four equal groups, given the basal diet either unsupplemented (CTRL only received 0.03. mg/kg Se background) or supplemented with 0.3. mg/kg Se as sodium selenite (SS), Se-yeast (SY) or elemental nano-selenium (NS) for a 90 days experiment (from weaning to maturity). Average initial and finial body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded. Serum and whole blood were collected for serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and Se content analysis. At the end of the feeding trail five bucks in each group were killed and samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle and testis were collected for Se determination. The result showed that the final BW was increased (P< 0.05) in bucks supplemented with Se compared to the controls, and ADG in NS and SY were greater (P< 0.05) than SS or CTRL bucks. Whole blood, serum and tissue Se concentration, serum antioxidant enzymes activity were also affected by dietary Se supplementation. Serum GSH-Px, SOD and CAT in NS were higher (P< 0.05) than those in SS and SY, and Se retention of whole blood, serum and some organs in NS were also higher than SS or SY (P< 0.05). It could be concluded that supplementation of Se can improve growth performance, serum oxidant status and Se concentration in blood and tissues in growing male goat. The dietary supplementation of elemental nano-Se could be utilized more effectively when compared to inorganic or organic Se. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
The effect of feeding systems on the characteristics of products from small ruminantsGeorge Zervas | Eleni Tsiplakou
Volume 101, Issues 1-3, November 2011, Pages 140-149
Small ruminants are the most efficient transformers of low quality forage into high quality animal products with distinguished chemical composition and organoleptic characteristics. There is a wide range of sheep and goat farming systems from highly extensive, based on natural grasslands or rangelands, to very intensive ones, based on natural grazing and supplementary feeding. Usually, the systems which are under comparison are those based mainly on pasture vs. the indoor ones. The aim of this paper is to provide an integrated analysis of the major aspects of the nature and composition of small ruminants products, such as milk and meat, and then the effect of feeding systems on chemical composition and quality characteristics of those products (i.e. fatty acid profile, antioxidants, vitamins, muscle:fat ratio, flavour, taste, etc.), since milk and meat quality is constantly evolving, partly in response to the rising concerns of consumers in terms of safety, health, ethical aspects, origin etc. As small ruminants milk is mostly transformed into cheese and its yield depends on milk composition, the main objectives of the dairy sheep and goat breeders are to improve milk quality by increasing the total milk solids output and stabilizing the milk composition (fat and protein) through the appropriate level of nutrition. Factors such as forage:concentrate ratio, dietary fat supplements, pasture, etc. have essential effect on small ruminants milk yield, milk composition and fatty acid (FA) profile. A number of studies have shown that milk from sheep and goats in pasture is enriched in substances of natural origin like phenolic compounds, fat soluble vitamins, flavours terpenes, bioactive lipid components, unsaturated FA and CLA, in addition to being naturally high in medium-chain FA in comparison to those fed conventional concentrate-forage diets. However, there are species differences between sheep and goats as the dietary effects on those parameters concerns, which could be explained by the differences found in mRNA of stearoyl-CoA desaturase of their mammary adipocytes. The feeding system effects on meat quality is more difficult to be identified because lambs and kids of different breed, weaned at different age and live weight or raised on different types of pastures have different growth rate and carcass characteristics like level of fatness, FA profile, flavour, tenderness, taste, etc. It has been demonstrated that lambs and kids raised under a grazing system without any supplementation, present an inferior fatness degree and a higher meat fat concentration of n-3 PUFA and CLA. Lamb meat has higher fat content, higher proportions of SFA and lower MUFA compared to goats, under similar dietary treatment, which make goat meat especially valuable nutritionally and for consumer health. In conclusion, the existing unfavourable properties of small ruminant products can be improved by nutritional intervention to modify their FA profile for the consumer's health benefit. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Managing anthelmintic resistance in goats-Can we learn lessons from sheep?F. Jackson | M. Varady | D. J. Bartley
Volume 103, Issue 1, March 2012, Pages 3-9
Disease caused by gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes is arguably one of the most important health constraints affecting productivity in small ruminants. This is of particular importance for many tropical and subtropical countries where goats play a vital role in the agricultural economies. Anthelmintic resistance is an important component of the losses attributable to parasitoses, unfortunately there is ample evidence that it is more common in goats than in other farmed ruminants. The increased prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in goats can largely be explained by unique aspects of their pharmacology, immunology and behaviour, all of which we need to understand and make allowance for if we are to effectively and sustainably manage anthelmintic resistance in goats. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Factors affecting goat milk production and qualityA. L. Goetsch | S. S. Zeng | T. A. Gipson
Volume 101, Issues 1-3, November 2011, Pages 55-63
Differences between production systems based on grazing and browsing vs. use of harvested feedstuffs in confinement largely depend on specific feedstuffs and plants available and being consumed. Low forage nutrient ingestion should have relatively greater impact on tissue mobilization than milk production in early than later periods of lactation, with a transition to proportionally greater change in milk production in late lactation. However, low body condition at kidding would limit tissue energy mobilization and restrict impact of level of nutrient intake to milk yield and, likewise, tissue mobilization would be less with one vs. two or three milkings per day. As lactation advances after freshening, fat and protein levels decrease with increasing milk yield, and when production declines in mid- to late lactation, fat and protein concentrations increase. Milk production generally peaks at a parity of 3 or 4, thereafter declining slowly. Elevated somatic cell count alone in dairy goats is not a valid indication of mammary infection. Extended lactations offer opportunities to minimize or avoid seasonal fluctuations in milk production and lessen production costs. If differences in performance between suckled and machine-milked dairy goats occur, they may be restricted to or of greater magnitude during the suckling period compared with post-weaning, and differences in milk yield will either be absent or less with one kid compared with greater litter sizes. The magnitude of effects of milking frequency on milk yield is less for goats of low vs. high production potential and with low vs. high diet quality. Likewise, the effect of milking frequency is greater in early and mid-lactation when yield is higher than in late lactation, along with a shorter period of peak production with one vs. two daily milkings. Physical form of the diet can affect production and composition of goat milk, although effects appear of smaller magnitude than in dairy cattle. When tissue is mobilized to support milk production in early lactation, levels of C18:0 and C18:1 cis in milk increase and levels of medium-chain fatty acids decline. Effects of elevated levels of dietary fatty acids on specific long-chain fatty acids in milk and milk products vary with the fatty acid profile of fat sources used. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Bioactive components of ovine and caprine cheese wheyBlanca Hernández-Ledesma | Mercedes Ramos | José Ángel Gómez-Ruiz
Volume 101, Issues 1-3, November 2011, Pages 196-204
Cheese whey, also known as sweet whey, is a by-product of cheese-making that contains many valuable constituents. Among them, whey proteins stand out for their high nutritional value in terms of biological value and composition in essential amino acids. In recent years, the increasing demand for caprine and ovine cheeses has produced important amounts of whey from these species, boosting research on the biological activities of its constituent proteins. Different bioactivities have been associated to these proteins, among them antihypertensive, antimicrobial, opioid, antioxidant and immunomodulant activity being the most studied. Although biological activities are present in the intact proteins, in many cases whey proteins act as precursors of bioactive peptides that are released from the hydrolysis of these proteins with different enzymes. This review presents an overview of the different biological activities described for caprine and ovine cheese whey proteins as well as for other whey components such as lactose, oligosaccharides or minerals. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Popular ovine and caprine fermented milksA. Y. Tamime | M. Wszolek | R. Božanić | B. Özer
Volume 101, Issues 1-3, November 2011, Pages 2-16
Ovine and caprine milk are widely produced in semi-arid countries, and mainly utilised for milk consumption and the manufacture of a wide range of cheeses, fermented milk products (e.g. liquid, viscous, concentrated and dried) and to a lesser degree milk powder. The primary aim of this review is to provide a critical analysis of the main components of milk from different ovine and caprine breeds for the manufacture of fermented milk products, i.e. traditional and industrial. This paper reviews the latest scientific developments in fermented milks, including probiotic products, and recommendations to improve the characteristics of the final product(s). Although ovine milk is successfully used to manufacture many fermented milk products, the solids content of milk from certain breeds of caprine needs to be fortified to enhance the protein content and modify the processing conditions to ensure products acceptable to the consumer. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Andrological, pathologic, morphometric, and ultrasonographic findings in rams experimentally infected with Brucella ovisC. A. Carvalho Júnior | V. S. Moustacas | M. N. Xavier | E. A. Costa | L. F. Costa | T. M A Silva | T. A. Paixão | A. M. Borges | A. M G Gouveia | R. L. Santos
Volume 102, Issues 2-3, February 2012, Pages 213-222
Brucella ovis is considered the most important infectious cause of reproductive disorders in sheep. The disease is characterized by epididymitis, subfertility and infertility in rams. B. ovis occasionally results in abortion in ewes, as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate kinetic changes in the reproductive organs of rams experimentally infected with B. ovis. Nine rams were experimentally inoculated intrapreputially with 2mL of a suspension containing 1.2×10 9CFU (colony-forming units)/mL of B. ovis (strain ATCC25840). In addition, 50μL of a suspension containing 1.2×10 10CFU/mL of the same B. ovis strain was inoculated into each conjunctival sac, resulting in 3.6×10 9CFU total per ram. Six of nine infected rams had developed clinical changes in the tail of the epididymis at 30 days post-infection (dpi), but these changes regressed in 50% of these rams. Ultrasound demonstrated an increase in the area of the tail of the epididymis (P<0.001), reduction in the area of the testes (P<0.001), and an increased length and width of the seminal vesicles (P<0.001) during the course of infection. A sperm granuloma was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasonography findings. Microscopically, there was epididymitis, testicular degeneration, and seminal vesiculitis. Inflammatory cells were detected in the semen even before the development of epididymitis. Moreover, inflammatory cells were also found in the semen of asymptomatic rams, indicating that the presence of leukocytes in the ejaculate is a valuable method for screening potential carriers of infections in the genital tract. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Goat meats: Description, rational use, certification, processing and technological developmentsM. S. Madruga | M. C. Bressan
Volume 98, Issues 1-3, June 2011, Pages 39-45
Consumption of goat meat has increased during the last 20 years, due to the nutritional (low fat and cholesterol) and sensorial features (flavour, juiciness, tenderness), which distinguish meat from this species. Some studies have shown that meat from animals slaughtered at a young age is more appreciated and valued in the market than adult meat. The flavour and taste of goat meat undergo changes as the animal grows, and meat from older animals tends to be associated with a stronger flavour and lower juiciness and tenderness. The rational use of goat meats and an appropriate presentation to the market can improve the demand for goat meat products, increase their value and promote the sustainability of the production chain. To achieve this goal, there are some measures that can be implemented, such as: fresh meat supply (chilled or frozen) from certified young animals; processing of meat from older animals and sub-products; valuation of conventional meat products produced according to a "healthier" concept; valuation of typical products produced according to recognized technological processes, allowing for safer food production and the endorsement of certificates of origin. However, market research studies, as well as other studies regarding consumer preferences, can provide guidelines for the decisions that should be made concerning production systems, animal slaughter age, raw material usage and technological procedures to be applied. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Chemical composition and immune status of dairy goat colostrum fractions during the first 10h after partumI. Moreno-Indias | D. Sánchez-Macías | N. Castro | A. Morales-delaNuez | L. E. Hernández-Castellano | J. Capote | A. Argüello
Volume 103, Issues 2-3, April 2012, Pages 220-224
The objective of this study was to examine the chemical and immunological quality of goat colostrum following delivery. Twenty dairy goats of the Majorera breed were milked 1h postpartum and then every hour for 10h after the first milking. Residual colostrum (RC) was also obtained at the time of the first milking after i.v. injection of 2I.U. of oxytocin. Colostrum yield, approximate composition, SCC, IgG, IgM, IgA and chitotriosidase activity were measured in milking colostrum (MC), RC, and colostrums in each hour sample. A PROC MIXED procedure was performed and a Tukey's test was done to determine the statistical significance of differences in the composition of the colostrum fractions and the colostrum obtained over time. At the first milking, MC and RC weighed 2506 and 237g, respectively. At 1h and 10h after the first milking, the colostrum yield was 174 and 120g, respectively, with a continuous drop in yield over the course of the experiment. A drop in protein production was also seen over time. Colostrum protein percentages were 10.4 and 10.2 in MC and RC. Colostrum protein percentages at 1 and 10h after first milking were 9.7% and 4.5%, respectively. The percentage of colostrum fat increased 1h after the first milking and then decreased to 6.1% at 10h after the first milking. The lactose colostrum percentage displayed an increase during the experimental period. Colostrum SCC was not affected by colostrum fractioning or time, with a range of 4.2-5.8×10 6cells/mL. IgG, IgM, IgA levels and chitotriosidase activity did not present differences between colostrum fractions at the first milking but displayed a drastic drop in subsequent milkings. In sum, the chemical and immunological quality of colostrum dropped quickly after the first milking, and thus goat keepers need only recover the first milked colostrum when they rear goat kids separately from dams. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Schmallenberg virus infection in small ruminants - First review of the situation and prospects in Northern EuropeK. Lievaart-Peterson | S. J M Luttikholt | R. Van den Brom | P. Vellema
Volume 106, Issues 2-3, August 2012, Pages 71-76
Mid November 2011 a new virus, provisionally named Schmallenberg virus was detected in serum samples from dairy cattle with short febrile episodes, milk yield drop, and diarrhoea, using virus isolation and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). December 2011, brain tissue samples of congenitally malformed lambs were diagnosed as positive. Schmallenberg virus most likely belongs to the Simbu serogroup of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae and is arthropod-borne. Similar viruses can be found worldwide, but occurrences are rare in Europe. Malformations included arthrogryposis, torticollis, scoliosis and kyphosis, brachygnathia inferior, and mild-to-marked hypoplasia of the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord. Prevention and control is complicated as suitable tools are not yet available. Although zoonotic implications are negligible, further seroepidemiological studies are warranted. Schmallenberg virus infections can have a comprehensive effect on production and substantial economic impact, depending on time of infection and prevalence. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Coccidiosis due to Eimeria in sheep and goats, a reviewChristophe Chartier | Carine Paraud
Volume 103, Issue 1, March 2012, Pages 84-92
Coccidiosis (Eimeriosis sensu stricto) of small ruminants is a protozoan infection caused by several species of the genus Eimeria which develop in the small and the large intestine, affect young animals in particular and are specific for each host. Eimeria ovinoidalis in sheep and Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae in goats are the most pathogenic species. Coccidiosis is of great economic importance because of the losses due to clinical disease (diarrhoea) but also because of subclinical infections (poor weight gain in particular). Oocyst excretion is at the maximum around the weaning period and shows a steady decline afterwards due to a strong immunity. Risk factors for high excretion include breeding intensification, high stocking rates in premises, poor hygiene and all causes of stress (physiological, nutritional, etc.). Reliable diagnosis include combined clinical, epidemiological, necropsic and coproscopical approaches. Control is mainly based on hygienic measures between lambing/kidding and weaning periods and on anticoccidial compounds use. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Mineral and trace element research in goats: A reviewG. F W Haenlein | M. Anke
Volume 95, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 2-19
The long term studies with dairy goats on the effects of deficient semisynthetic feeding rations in one of 16 elements as reported in the annual proceedings of the Workshops on Minerals and Trace Elements and the International Trace Element Symposia by the University of Jena, Germany, since 1975 until today were reviewed. The development of the complex semisynthetic ration system was particularly important as it enabled to produce significant deficiencies of single elements in long term replicated studies and their interactions with other elements. The studies focused mainly on determining deficiency levels for each of the 16 elements, identifying deficiency symptoms and reasons for them, and establishing evidence for essentiality of the elements according to 7 criteria. Large amounts of analytical data were accumulated showing the changes in organ and tissue contents of the elements under study at normal and deficient levels, and their relation to impaired reproductive efficiency, growth, milk production, health, and mortality of goats and their kids. Histological sections of organs also showed their ultrastructural changes due to the elemental deficiencies. Most element deficiencies caused reproductive failures, reduced growth and milk production, but high mortality, while the control goats thrived on their semisynthetic but sufficient ration, attesting to its completely correct biological value. The identification of the reliable " indicator" organs and tissues for the diagnosis and detection of deficiency status of the specific elements in goats is of particular value to veterinary medicine and animal nutrition. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in northeastern ChinaC. R. Wang | J. H. Qiu | J. F. Gao | L. M. Liu | C. Wang | Q. Liu | C. Yan | X. Q. Zhu
Volume 97, Issues 1-3, May 2011, Pages 130-133
The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in China's northeastern Heilongjiang Province was surveyed, for the first time, between November 2008 and May 2010. In total, 1270 serum samples (792 from sheep and 478 from goats) were collected from ten sheep and goat rearing administrative regions, and antibodies to T. gondii were examined by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test using a commercially available kit. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats was 3.3% (42/1270), and the prevalence in goats (3.8%) was slightly higher than that in sheep (3.0%). The prevalence of antibodies in adults was higher than that in lambs or kids, and female animals had higher prevalence than males. The prevalence in intensively reared sheep and goats was lower than that in semi-intensively reared animals, although the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of this survey indicate that infection with T. gondii in sheep and goats is present in Heilongjiang Province, one of the coldest provinces of China, which may have important implications for public health. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Pharmacodynamic interaction of Spirulina platensis with erythromycin in Egyptian Baladi bucks (Capra hircus)Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
Volume 120, Issues 2-3, January 2014, Pages 234-241
Erythromycin is a widely used macrolide antibiotic in human and veterinary practice. However, it has been reported to induce hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis, jaundice and even liver damage when taken in an overdose. Our experimental objective was to evaluate the safety and protective effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) supplementation when given alone or along with erythromycin thiocyanate to Egyptian Baladi bucks (Capra hircus). Thirty animals were divided randomly into five equal groups of six animals each. The 1st group was considered as a control and fed normal diet. Animals of the 2nd group were given SP in their concentrates at a dose of 200. mg/kg body weight (bw), daily for 15 days. The animals in the 3rd group were given a daily intramuscular (IM) injection of a toxic dose of erythromycin (55. mg/kg bw) for 3 consecutive days. The 4th and 5th groups were administered oral doses of SP (at 100 and 200. mg/kg bw, respectively), and given the same toxic dose regimen of erythromycin as the bucks in the 3rd group. At the 16th day, hematological and serum biochemical studies were carried out. In addition, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were evaluated. The results indicated that SP supplementation significantly increased weight gain, RBCs, Hb, serum reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with the control group. Moreover, it significantly reduced lipid peroxidation compared with the control group. Furthermore, concurrent SP supplementation with toxic doses of erythromycin significantly reduced AST, ALT and ALP enzyme activities, total bilirubin, cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a dose-dependent manner. Serum total protein, albumin and total lipid as well as GSH and SOD levels were significantly elevated by SP administration. Based on our study SP could be used safely in goats and might be used as a protective agent against erythromycin-induced hepatotoxicity. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Production of probiotic ice cream from goat's milk and effect of packaging materials on product qualityC. Senaka Ranadheera | C. A. Evans | M. C. Adams | S. K. Baines
Volume 112, Issues 1-3, May 2013, Pages 174-180
A chocolate flavored probiotic ice cream was made from goat's milk using a probiotic bacterial culture comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, and novel probiotic Propionibacterium jensenii 702, and stored in three different packaging materials: polypropylene, polyethylene and glass. In order to assess the quality of the product, viability of the probiotic bacteria, the physico-chemical properties and sensory characteristics of the product in the different packaging materials were measured during storage. The freezing process during manufacturing of the ice cream was associated with a reduction in viable cell number, however the viable numbers of all probiotics remained 107 to 108cfug-1 up to 52 weeks at -20°C regardless of the type of packaging. Packaging materials had a significant influence on the complete melting time of ice cream, and with the melting quality of the product as identified by the tasting panel, one week after production. The influence of packaging was not apparent in relation to other physico-chemical properties and sensory attributes of the product, while variation in certain sensory properties such as body and texture and taste of the product was apparent after 12 weeks storage. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Dorset lambs fed different concentrates: Forage ratios or fresh grassJoannie Jacques | Robert Berthiaume | Dany Cinq-Mars
Volume 95, Issues 2-3, February 2011, Pages 113-119
Forty male Dorset lambs were divided at weaning into four dietary treatment groups: ad libitum concentrates (C), restricted concentrates (RC), zero grazing (ZGR) and grazing (GR). All the lambs were weaned and slaughtered at similar weights, 24. kg for weaning and 47. kg for slaughter. The average daily gain (ADG) of the RC-fed lambs (347. g/d) was lower than that of the C-fed lambs (449. g/d) but higher than that of the lambs in the ZGR (267. g/d) and GR (295. g/d) treatments (P< 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the ZGR and GR lambs for ADG. To reach slaughter weight, the RC and ZGR-GR lambs required 20 and 40 additional days, respectively (P< 0.0001), compared to the C-fed lambs. The lambs fed C had better feed efficiency than the lambs on mixed (RC) or forage-based (ZGR, GR) diets (P< 0.0001). Values for body score, in vivo (P< 0.05) back fat thickness (P< 0.0001), and back fat thickness after slaughter (P< 0.05) were higher in the carcasses of the C-fed lambs compared to the values obtained with the other dietary treatments. No difference was observed among the treatments for leg and shoulder muscle classification (P> 0.05). However, the loins of the C-fed lambs obtained a higher classification score than those of the lambs raised under ZGR or GR (P< 0.05). Carcass yield was greater (P< 0.0001) for the C-fed lambs compared to the RC and ZGR lambs, mostly because of a lighter full digestive tract (P = 0.0007). The carcasses of the grazing lambs obtained a lower global rating classification (P< 0.05), mainly because of a lack of back fat thickness. Feeding system had a significant effect on subcutaneous fat lightness (L*) (P = 0.004) and yellowness (b*) (P< 0.0001) but did not affect redness (a*). Overall, forage-based diets may prevent excessive carcass fat in heavy lambs while producing similar muscle development, resulting in a leaner product for consumers. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Multivariate characterisation of morphological traits in Assaf (Assaf.E) sheepE. Legaz | I. Cervantes | M. A. Pérez-Cabal | L. F. de la Fuente | R. Mártinez | F. Goyache | J. P. Gutiérrez
Volume 100, Issues 2-3, October 2011, Pages 122-130
Seventeen body measurements in a total of 341 adult individuals (61 males and 280 females) in addition to eight udder scores collected during the period of maximum levels of lactation in the 280 females were used to morphologically characterize the Assaf.E breed both in magnitude and variability. Sampling included the two main environmental areas to check if the native dairy sheep breeds, namely Churra and Manchega, leaded to differences in the male-mediated absorption. Standard morphology of the Assaf.E breed was assessed with a live weight of 110.47 ± 12.51. kg and 75.74 ± 11.23. kg respectively for males and females. The sexual dimorphism (m/f) was 1.13 as expected, with males being 46% heavier than females. The coefficient of variation of all traits ranged from 3.73% to 15.00%, showing high uniformity. Canonical analyses and Mahalanobis distances showed that differences in body measurements between regions existed but they were small as expected in a unique breed. The breed has shown itself to be slightly longer than others with deeper udders and more angled teat placement. Some peripheral traits such as ear and tail size, usually considered important in the breed definition, have been shown to have a low, or null, relationship with other morphological traits. Even when homogeneity is found in the breed, there are still some small differences found between geographical areas as a consequence of the short history of the breed in Spain. However, after a 30 year history in Spain, the homogeneity of the Assaf.E breed allows this population to be defined as an authentic breed. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
The effect of supplementation of cryopreservation diluents with sugars on the post-thawing fertility of ram semenM. Jafaroghli | B. Khalili | A. Farshad | M. J. Zamiri
Volume 96, Issue 1, March 2011, Pages 58-63
This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of increasing the osmolality of a basic Tris, extender supplemented with sucrose, trehalose or raffinose on post-thawing ram semen quality (sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, total sperm abnormalities and membrane integrity). After primary evaluation of the collected ejaculates, only semen samples with more than 70% motile sperm, and a sperm concentration of higher than 3×109sperm/ml were used for cryopreservation. The semen samples were pooled and diluted (1:4) with a Tris-citric acid-fructose-yolk extender, supplemented with different concentrations (50, 70 or 100mM) of sucrose, trehalose or raffinose. As control, semen was diluted and frozen in the base diluent, without additional sugars. Pooled semen samples were aspirated into 0.25ml straws, cooled to 5°C within 90min and frozen by exposure to liquid nitrogen vapor (4-5cm above the liquid nitrogen surface) for 10min - before plunging into liquid nitrogen, for storage. After 24h, straws were thawed in a water bath (37°C) for 30s. The frozen-thawed sperm characteristics were improved significantly (P<0.05) by increasing the level of the sugars. Optimal results being obtained with 70 and 100mM trehalose or raffinose. All extenders containing supplemental sugars were superior in terms of sperm quality to the control (P<0.01) group. The highest sperm motility (60.6±1.9%), viability (60.6±2.5%) and membrane integrity (58.2±2.1%) were recorded using 100mM trehalose and the lowest with 50mM sucrose (48.6±1.9%, 51.4±2.5% and 47.9±2.1%, respectively). All sugar concentrations decreased the percentage of acrosomal and total sperm abnormalities (P<0.05). The extenders containing 100mM trehalose or raffinose significantly (P<0.05) decreased the occurrence of sperm abnormalities, compared to the other treatments. The fertility rates obtained after cervical insemination of the frozen-thawed sperm were 46.8%, 44.1% and 16.7% for 100mM trehalose, 100mM raffinose and the control with supplementation of the diluents, respectively. The study showed that ram sperm can tolerate hyperosmotic diluents, and that a range of sugar concentrations (50-100mM) may successfully be incorporated in the ram semen cryopreservation diluents, although further research is warranted. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Somatic cell count in small ruminants: Friend or foe?F. N. Souza | M. G. Blagitz | C. F A M Penna | A. M M P Della Libera | M. B. Heinemann | M. M O P Cerqueira
Volume 107, Issues 2-3, October 2012, Pages 65-75
Milk somatic cell counts are the basis of mastitis and milk quality control programs. Milk somatic cell counts for goats, in which neutrophils comprise the main cell type, are higher than those for sheep and cows. In cows, macrophages are the major cell type present in milk, as is the case for sheep. Milk secretion in small ruminants is apocrine in nature, and cytoplasmic particles, similar in size to milk somatic cells, are normal constituents of their milk, although concentrations of cytoplasmic particles are much higher in milk from goats than from ewes. This fact has led to the development of cell counting procedures that are specific for deoxyribonucleic acid to enable accurate milk somatic cell counts to be obtained. Furthermore, milk somatic cell counts in small ruminants are influenced by noninfectious factors such as lactation stage and parity. However, mastitis is the main factor that leads to an increase in somatic cell count due to the response to infection. There is some evidence that physiological variations in the viability, number and proportions of each leukocytes subpopulation may be related to mammary gland immune status, which is associated with periods of increased susceptibility to mastitis. The main etiological agent of mastitis in small ruminants is coagulase-negative staphylococci, and special attention should be paid to this group of bacteria. Unlike in cows, novobiocin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci cause a significant increase in milk somatic cell counts. Finally, the somatic cell count and the California Mastitis Test represent valuable tools for mastitis screening and assessing the disease prevalence, but their predictive values are better in ewes than in goats. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Impact of heat stress on milk production, immunity and udder health in sheep: A critical reviewAgostino Sevi | Mariangela Caroprese
Volume 107, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 1-7
The effect of heat stress on sheep milk production and on milk quality, in terms of fatty acid composition and coagulation properties, were discussed. The changes in sheep milk production in relation to some nutritional and management strategies, as feed supplementation, time of feeding and ventilation regimen, provision of shade and housing system were analyzed. The role of heat stress and nutritional and management strategies in immune response and mammary gland health were also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of glutathione in soybean lecithin-based semen extender on goat semen quality after freeze-thawingHossein Salmani | Mohammad Mahdi Nabi | Hossein Vaseghi-Dodaran | Mohammad Bozlur Rahman | Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh | Malek Shakeri | Armin Towhidi | Ahmad Zare Shahneh | Mahdi Zhandi
Volume 112, Issues 1-3, May 2013, Pages 123-127
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of glutathione in a soybean lecithin-based semen extender on post-thawed goat semen quality. A total of 20 ejaculates were collected from four Mahabadi goats and diluted with four extenders: (1) egg yolk tris-based extender (EYT), (2) soybean lecithin-based extender (SL0), (3) soybean lecithin-based extender containing 5. mM glutathione (SL5), and (4) soybean lecithin-based extender containing 10. mM glutathione (SL10) and the experiment was replicated for five times. Sperm motility and motion parameters, the percent of normal sperm, plasma membrane integrity, viability, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined after freeze-thawing. Glutathione at the level of 10. mM provided the lowest percent of total and progressively motile sperm (45 ± 2.94, 25.8 ± 1.81). The percent of plasma membrane intact sperm was lower in SL5 (55.44 ± 2.4) and SL10 (51.52 ± 2.4) than that of EYT (64.27 ± 2.4) and SL0 (62.93 ± 2.4). Sperm viability was significantly decreased in SL10 (57.98 ± 2.27) in comparison with EYT (66.89 ± 2.27). The percent of normal sperm was not significantly different between groups. Also, the MDA level was lower in SL5 (1.61. ±0.29) than that of other groups. The results of this study showed that most of the post-thawed sperm quality parameters were not significantly different between EYT and SL0. Moreover, addition of 5 and 10. mM glutathione in a soybean lecithin-based extender could not improve goat sperm quality after freeze-thawing. In conclusion, it seems that soybean lecithin-based extender can be a suitable replacement for egg yolk tris-based extender, but addition of glutathione at 5 and 10. mM cannot fortify the soybean lecithin-based extender for goat semen cryopreservation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Comparison of milk oligosaccharides between goats with and without the genetic ability to synthesize αM. Meyrand | D. C. Dallas | H. Caillat | F. Bouvier | P. Martin | D. Barile
Volume 113, Issues 2-3, April 2013, Pages 411-420
Milk oligosaccharides (OS)-free complex carbohydrates-confer unique health benefits to the nursing neonate. Though human digestive enzymes cannot degrade these sugars, they provide nourishment to specific commensal microbes and act as decoys to prevent the adhesion of pathogenic micro-organisms to gastrointestinal cells. At present, the limited quantities of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) impede research on these molecules and their potential applications in functional food formulations. Considerable progress has been made in the study of OS structures; however, the synthetic pathways leading to their synthesis in the mammary gland are poorly understood. Recent studies show that complex OS with fucose and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (key structural elements of HMO bioactivity) exist in goat milk. Polymorphisms in the CSN1S1 locus, which is responsible for synthesis of αs1-casein, affect lipid and casein micelle structure in goat milk. The present study sought to determine whether CSN1S1 polymorphisms also influence goat milk oligosaccharide (GMO) production and secretion. The GMO compositions of thirty-two goat milk samples, half of which were from genotype A/A (αs1-casein producers) and half from genotype O/O (αs1-casein non-producers), were determined with nanoflow liquid chromatography high-accuracy mass spectrometry. This study represents the most exhaustive characterization of GMO to date. A systematic and comprehensive GMO library was created, consolidating information available in the literature with the new findings. Nearly 30 GMO, 11 of which were novel, were confirmed via tandem mass spectrometric analyses. Six fucosylated OS were identified; 4 of these matched HMO compositions and three were identified for the first time in goat milk. Importantly, multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that the OS profiles of the A/A and O/O genotype milks could be discriminated by the fucosylated OS. Quantitative analysis revealed that the goat milk samples contained 1.17g/L of OS; however, their concentration in milks from A/A and O/O genotypes was not different. This study provides evidence of a genetic influence on specific OS biosynthesis but not total OS production. The presence of fucosylated GMO suggests that goat milk represents a potential source of bioactive milk OS suitable as a functional food ingredient. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Milk production, composition and variation at different lactation stages of four goat breeds in EthiopiaT. A. Mestawet | A. Girma | T. Ådnøy | T. G. Devold | J. A. Narvhus | G. E. Vegarud
Volume 105, Issues 1-3, June 2012, Pages 176-181
This study was conducted in Ethiopia on four goat breeds: Arsi-Bale, Somali, Toggenburg-Arsi-Bale cross and Boer to assess milk yield and composition at different lactation stages, for the suitability of the milk for cheese production. Milk yield was measured once per week and milk samples were collected three times during the lactation period. Total solids, fat, protein, casein, whey-protein, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), lactose and minerals, (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and iron) were analyzed. A higher daily milk yield, 1.41kg, was recorded for Boer goats (P<0.05), compared to 1.13, 0.93 and 0.85kg produced by Arsi-Bale, Cross and Somali goats, respectively. Milk from Cross was lower in total solids 13.9% and fat 3.7% (P<0.001), than Arsi-Bale, Boer and Somali which had 16.3, 15.4 and 14.5% total solids and 5.2, 4.7 and 4.9% fat, respectively. Arsi-Bale goats had significantly higher protein content, 4.8% (P<0.001) than the rest of the breeds. Lactose content of milk was high in all goat breeds, 4.9% with no significant difference between them. Early and late lactation milk had significantly higher contents (P<0.001) of milk components. Milk from all breeds was high in calcium, phosphorous and potassium: 1.62, 1.39 and 1.69gkg -1, respectively and Fe and Zn: 5.47 and 0.36mgkg -1, respectively. Superior chemical composition revealed the potential of milk from indigenous Ethiopian goats for cheese production. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.