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Skip to comments.Levin, Limbaugh, Hannity, Beck, others to leave a Legacy of COWARDICE
Posted on 02/19/2012 3:57:01 AM PST by Chance Hart
First off, I am a conservative and have spent countless hours listening to and reading the books of all these men. Reading Levin's Liberty and Tyranny was compelling, as were many of the publications of these Patriots. With the VAST amount of Constitutional research accumulated in order to write these best sellers, there is and has always has been one important fact known to ALL these men to be a Constitutional FACT missing. That non negotiable FACT is that according to the Constitution, Barack Hussein Obama is NOT eligible to be placed on the ballot, let alone occupy his present position as President of the United States of America! Obama himself touts the fact that his father was a British Subject at the time of his BHO 2s birth, making him at the very least a duel citizen and not eligible to hold the office as president. Furthermore, Daddy was NEVER a citizen of the United States, again making Jr. ineligible with that fact alone. None of these men (as far as I know) served in the military for whatever reason and I think there may be some suppressed guilt because of that when I hear their accolades regarding current and former Men of Honor. As they refer to many of their callers and guests as Brother, they at the same time have never felt compelled to commit the heroic act of jumping on a Firecracker, let alone a Grenade to help save their Brothers and in the end help save this Nation. Levin is the one that has disappointed me the most when I heard him disenfranchise many of his loyal listeners on Jan 19th, 2010 (may have been the 20th) by referring to those that even questioned the eligibility issue as (paraphrasing) ignorant and foolish. He followed that comment by saying that Obama was of course eligible to be President. He, in my opinion is an expert on the Constitution and knows full well that his statement was an out and out lie. When the truth finally reveals itself, I can almost hear the excuses from these Less than Honorable radio and TV Patriots now 1. I was given strict orders from station bosses not to bring up or allow discussion on the eligibility issue and to refer to those that do bring it up as ignorant Birthers. 2. Yes, I of course knew the simple truth, but decided it was the wrong approach to be honest when the proper way to handle this was at the Ballot Box. 3. Book sales were BOOMING and I was too GUTLESS to show the Courage that I ask my listeners to display on a daily basis. 4. There are a few in the business that are standing their ground on this issue and Liberals are calling them names. Sticks and Stones will break my Bones and even Words would really hurt me because I AM A COWARD! By the way, there are thousands of these Cowards walking the halls of Congress and other places that have at least to this point failed to MAN UP. All this makes me admire all the more the few that in their heart really do trust God Almighty and FEAR NO EVIL.
"I disagree."
I know. Reality will never interfere with your opinions. But no state & no court agrees with you, so Obama will be on the ballot in 50 states, and we will need to beat him in the election.
Why dont you try reading the thread before you make a comment like that.
Whether you realize it or not, there has been an ongoing dialogue.
"Brother, Im way ahead of you. I dont listen to the radio and I dont watch any news on TV. I havent done so for a number of years now."
So supporting a Birther's boycott of TV & radio news would be a simple matter of asking others to do what you have already done for quite some time. I suppose your blood hasn't turned a sickly pale liberal blue as a result, so you could attest that going cold turkey on Rush and every other TV & radio broadcaster is not too great a risk, yes?
They are all pro Romney as well..think about it!
Sadly, I still listen to most of them everyday.
Why dont you try reading the thread before you make a comment like that.
Whether you realize it or not, there has been an ongoing dialogue.
No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.
If you had even one functional brain cell,
Wow! Why the need for personal insult? There's been a lot of that on this thread.
Is it turning out to be an ugly day in the neighborhood?
I expected little else.
On the other hand, maybe they simply disagree with the idea that two citizen parents are required for a person to be an NBC if the person is born on US soil to parents lawfully residing in the US.
Perhaps you simply haven't looked? There are many, many, many factual refutations of Birther inanity on FR alone.
I stopped in 2008. I doubt that I have heard more than 30 minutes of the yappers since then. Amazingly, though, as little that I have tuned in, I was listening when Mark Steyn call Article 2 Section 1 of the Constitution a "technicality". Imagine that! A "technicality"! ( snort!)
I get my news from Free Republic and other sites on the Internet. I discovered that Free Republic is show prep for these guys. Sometimes they lift the words of the posters word for word ( no credit given to the source, though.)
Additionally, at no time did the Court in Wong Kim Ark (WKA) decalre Wong a natural born citizen. The judge in Ankeny vs Indiana, which is the case cited by Georgia judge Malihi in his decision to rule in favor of "Obama" (whose counsel didn't even show up for the hearing, electing to blow off a subpoena, an act for which he has to date suffered no consequences whatsoever) admitted as much.
I have been following this thread from the beginning and I have to say, you make a very good case. I have a much better understanding of this issue and I want to thank you for that.
Well said. Any interpretation of natural born citizenship that weakens the founders' intent to prevent, to the greatest degree possible, the possibility of divided loyalties in the CIC flies in the face of common sense and simple logic.
How does posting a link to a FReeper's entire posting history, sans citations of specific examples, constitute a demonstration of their use of personal insults?
Or are you basing your indignant outrage on wintertime's having referred to conservative talk heavyweights as "yappers"?
Of course, Mark "Heroic Defender of the Constitution"* Levin's use of phrases like "Get off the phone, you big dope!" doesn't constitute personal insult. Right?
*Except A2SIC5
Yes, I heard Mark Steyn that day as well. Don't listen to him any more.
As usual, our acknowledged Obot Mr. Rogers inspires clarification of the misdirection surrounding the eligibility issue. So many, Philman, siezethecarp, wintertime, too many to name you all, on this thread are showing such an excellent grasp of the issues that there is little left to clarify. But Mr. Rogers, grasping as usual at straws, has raised two issues the rest of you haven't bothered with yet, the relevance of SR511 and the claim that Minor v. Happwsett's confirmation of the common-law definition is dictum - not necessary to the resolution of the appeal.
Let's look at SR511. Since the courts will not defend the Constitution, a natural question in a representative republic is why doesn't the legislature act? Since every U.S. Senator signed SR511, except for Senator McCain, SR511 gives us lots of information about the eligibility issue: Since Obama was one of the signatories of SR511, it is important to see what they agreed to, and, by implication, what they agreed to cover up so that McCain would be Obama's opponent. McCain was clearly the reason that no Republican would respond to his or her constituents' written pleas to vet Obama's eligibility as was done for McCain.
1) SR511, signed April 30 2008, was the second effort by Obama's campaign committee, whose Chairperson, Clare McCaskill was a cosponsor of both efforts. 2) Both S.2678, in Feb 2008 and SR511 had the same objective, making Senator McCain appear eligible to be Obama's opponent. (S.2678 was "A Bill To Insure That Foreign Born Children of Military Citizens Are Eligible to be President").
3) McCain still had a pending lawsuit challenging his eligibility, and a resolution would provide some legal cover when power brokers order a judge to dismiss the case. Even while a "resolution is simply an opinion, with no action associated, the Hollowell lawsuit was dropped as soon as SR511 was signed.
4) The signatures of all Senators accompanied testimony to which they signed their accord: "Because he was born to American citizens, there is no doubt in my mind that Senator McCain is a ``natural born Citizen''." Judiciary Committee Chair Pat Leahy agreed with the statement above, given by former judge Michael Chertoff. No Senator disagreed.
5) Obama Con Law professor Larry Tribe and former Solicitor General Ted Olson, Tribe also on the Obama Campaign Committee submitted a legal analysis which confirmed that all Senators accepted the two criteria for a natural born citizen, though the legal statement was intentionally vague, and, in some places, patently dishonest. Tribe says, in his analysis "These sources all confirm that the phrase ``natural born''includes both birth abroad to parents who were citizens, and birth within a nation's territory and allegiance." The question should be raised since Tribe's use of the word "both" is intentionally vague. But Larry cleared it up by citing Wong Kim Ark. Wong Kim was born "within a nation's territory and allegiance" and was made a jus soli, or native-born, or 14th Amendment citizen: not a natural born citizen. Thus Larry must have meant the correct, Minor, Marshall, Bingham, Hughes, interpretation when he used the work both - " These sources all confirm that the phrase ``natural born'' includes both birth abroad to parents who were citizens, and birth within a nation's territory and allegiance."
To support his "birth abroad" claim Larry cites "First Congress, Marsh v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783, 790-91 (1983); and to the common law at the time of the Founding. United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U. S. 649, 655 (1898)." Were this 1790-1791, Tribe's claim about the First Congress would have been true, but by the Third Congress, 1795, the Naturalization Act of 1790 was wholly repealed, the term natural born citizen never again to appear in an act of Congress. Tribe certainly knows that. What remains is Tribe's assertion that a natural born citizen is not born abroad, but is born to citizen parents, and on territory over which the US has jurisdiction, which is sort of true (though not true of the Canal Zone, according to Democrat Law Professor Gabriel Chin, who cites law rendering the 1936 Canal Zone unincorporated).
Wong Kim Ark's parents were non-citizen parents, and the case does not address natural born citizenship, other than to cite Minor, and mention that the native-born citizen has all the rights of a natural born citizen, differentiating the two classes, but not clarifying that being President is not a right. Justice Gray's first citation in WKA is to Minor, and Gray never questions the definition asserted by Minor, finally determining that Wong Kim is a 14th Amendment citizen, just like Obama. No Supreme Court interpretation can be be changed by inference. Changes must be explicit, and Gray certainly didn't try to modify Minor - he cited it as precedence.
Thus SR.511 confirms that every Senator, or at least, every Senator who read SR.511, knew that NBC was associated with being born to two citizen parents. That was the foundation of SR.511, as well as the prior action, a bill, S.2678. And every Senator knew that Barack was born to no more than one citizen parent, and that she was a dual citizen, too young to confer citizenship. Barack, as he himself told us, is a "Native born citizen of the U.S." - a 14th Amendment naturalized citizen. They all know, and clearly don't care whether we understand the truth. They may have noted how quickly Obama brought ethics charges upon Congressman Nathan Deal when Deal was so audacious as to write a public letter to the White House asking for confirmation of eligibility.
Mr. Rogers states that "The dicta in WKA goes into great detail on what NBC means." Hardly. Justice Gray mentions natural born subjects, but cites Minor in which the common law definition of NBC is unequivocally confirmed - "it was never doubted."
Finally, the claim that the definition in Minor of who were natural born citizens is dictum is not supported by the facts. Elizabeth Minor claimed that the 14th Amendment granted her voting rights. Chief Justice Waite addressed her claim by showing that Mrs Minor, a citizen, had no voting right before the 14th Amendment, and that the 14th Amendment nowhere addressed suffrage. To have jurisdiction the court needed Mrs. Minor to be a Constitutional Citizen. Before the 14th Amendment, there was only one class of citizen defined in the Constitution, and that was the class of natural born citizens. Like every term but one, "Treason", this term was defined, as Justice Waite explained, in the common language and common law familiar to our framers. (As Madison explained, definitions were not included in the Constitution. It needed to be interpreted in the language and common law familiar to the framers to have meaning.)
Natives or natural born citizens were citizens about whose citizenship there was no doubt. Being a natural born citizen, Justice Waite explained, made Elizabeth Minor a citizen. He also explained that there were still doubts about who belonged to the class of naturalized citizens, just established six years before by the 14th Amendment. Waite avoided the uncertainties of the 14th Amendment by using the never doubted class, and by far the largest class of citizens, citizen born on our soil to parents who were citizen. This construction would not have been possible without the confirmation of the Marshall, Bingham, Vattel, Washington, Hamilton, Jay, definition, the never doubted definition. That established the Minor v. Happersett interpretation as positive law. (A fact confirmed by the scrubbing of citations to Minor v. Happersett from more than two dozen Supreme Court decisions by Center for American Progress associates Tim Stanley and Carl Malamud at Justia.com, Google, Cornell, and who knows where else.)
With the Minor v. Happersett decision depending upon the Vattel common law, we don't need the wild goose chases. When progressives assiduously avoid Marshall and Waite and Bingham (author of the 14th Amendment), you don't need the tours through crackpot legal tools like Ankeny, Carter, and Malihi. It is disappointing that our presumed pundits, Levin, Beck, Limbaugh, etc. etc. prove their fear and impotence by avoiding Chief Justice Marshall, Chief Justice Waite, Chief Justice Hughes, Congressman Bingham, and many more of our brightest stars, but we can read for ourselves. Perhaps someone unafraid of the certain attack on income, character, and impervious to Alinsky's 5th Rule, the use of ridicule, will arise. For now, we need, as Beck understood and proclaimed, but couldn't abide, we need to question boldly. We have the most to lose, but our numbers will dwarf theirs as we communicate the truth.
In the realm of conspiracies, it is public information that Alwaleed bin-Talal is second to Murdock among News Corp investors - Fox News, Wall Street Journal. The evidence grows as the Feb 18 WSJ leads with a front page advertisment (with no disclaimer) touting the great strides being made by the Arab Spring and Muslim Brotherhood with America's business community. Alwaleed, Obama's supporter through college according to Percy Sutton, now uses our oil purchases to sell us on a partnership leading to Sharia Law in our largest business daily. That could have explained Beck's fear, particularly as he proudly displayed the historical books he was discovering. Somehow, he never came across the delightful WWII book by historians who discovered that Vattel's Law of Nations was the first book on Washington's desk in his New York office on his first day as president. He didn't come across the pamphlet describing our first law school, created by Thomas Jefferson in 1779 at William and Mary, where Jefferson made Vattel our first law book, and where it remained the leading reference for over fifty years. Obama, bin-Talal, and Soros are busily rewriting our history.
Limbaugh, Beck, Hannity, and Fox News are all broadcast on Premiere Radio, a Bain Capital company. Is that why they avoid our greatest Supreme Court justice and the most cited legal source for thirty years after the ratification, Law of Nations? Is that why the importation of Law of Nations by Ben Franklin, where he provided at least six copies to The Colonies beginning in 1763 is too close to the fire of ineligibility for acknowledgment?
If we don't head off this coup soon the 1st Amendment will mean no more than Article II Section 1, and this sort of honest discussion could land us in Bill Ayers' reeducation camps. From this thread it appears that more and more are finding the time to learn the truth. When we reach the desperation recorded by Russians during the years of the Bolshevik Revolution (much was written, but Ayn Rand's "We The Living" was close to the experiences of many I knew as a child), the time to learn will have passed, and and our Constitution will be a relic. Survival will be the issue.
"That statement should scare the hell out of any true conservative. Giving in on any front is giving in period. Thats what happened in the 60s when prayer was take out of schools. Its what happened when Roe v Wade became law."
The 60s were owned by the libs and the radicals. But, there came a time when good men and women stood up...in the 70s. I'm glad Reagan wasn't nominated in '76 because I don't believe any Republican could have been elected that year because of Watergate.
The silent majority found their voice, and scared the wits out of the Republicans in '76. Ford ended up being the nominee, and he lost. It all came to fruition in '80, with the election of Reagan.
I don't understand all of this ranting against Rush, Mark, et al. They are our voice. You might not like that they didn't go after the birther thing, though Rush poked fun at times. He made his point through humor.
God help this country if we didn't have Rush, Mark, Sean and others. Just who do you think would give us our voice if they weren't there?
Courtesy Ping to you, Spaulding. Sorry I left you off the first. :(
Hey, at least he's a fan of the 2nd Amendment, even if his commitment to an originalist interpretation of A2S1C5 is "in doubt". . .
Right on. I don't watch TV news or listen to radio.
And who do you think needs to hold their feet to the fire so they dont cave on issues?
"Thus SR.511 confirms that every Senator, or at least, every Senator who read SR.511, knew that NBC was associated with being born to two citizen parents. "
That you for once again lying. As you know, SR511 concerned itself with those born outside the USA.
The text of SR511 is below:
Recognizing that John Sidney McCain, III, is a natural born citizen.
Whereas the Constitution of the United States requires that, to be eligible for the Office of the President, a person must be a `natural born Citizen' of the United States;
Whereas the term `natural born Citizen', as that term appears in Article II, Section 1, is not defined in the Constitution of the United States;
Whereas there is no evidence of the intention of the Framers or any Congress to limit the constitutional rights of children born to Americans serving in the military nor to prevent those children from serving as their country's President;
Whereas such limitations would be inconsistent with the purpose and intent of the `natural born Citizen' clause of the Constitution of the United States, as evidenced by the First Congress's own statute defining the term `natural born Citizen';
Whereas the well-being of all citizens of the United States is preserved and enhanced by the men and women who are assigned to serve our country outside of our national borders;
Whereas previous presidential candidates were born outside of the United States of America and were understood to be eligible to be President; and
Whereas John Sidney McCain, III, was born to American citizens on an American military base in the Panama Canal Zone in 1936: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That John Sidney McCain, III, is a `natural born Citizen' under Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution of the United States.
110th CONGRESS
2d Session
"Mr. Rogers states that The dicta in WKA goes into great detail on what NBC means. Hardly. Justice Gray mentions natural born subjects..."
He mentions NBS for half of the decision, because he concluded, reasonably, that the meaning of NBS determined the meaning of NBC - and that it applied. He did not write half a decision on a matter that had no bearing on the case.
But in BirtherWorld, facts and decisions don't matter. Birthers cover their ears and eyes, and make up things - but they cannot convince a single state or court they are right.
Not because everyone in the US is a traitor, but because birthers are wrong. Clueless. And they stay wrong and clueless because they can't handle reality.
Waste time in the courts if you wish, but Obama will be beaten in the polls or not at all.
You suggest that a person who wouldn't even be classed as a citizen of ANY sort prior to 1922, is a "natural citizen" and you think *I* have a problem with reality?
As for the courts, they don't agree with me about Roe v Wade. Do they agree with you? If not, then stop repeating that as if it proves something.
Absolutely. It has likewise puzzled me that our supposed brilliant commentators never address the factual points, preferring to say instead "because I say so."
The Funny thing is, if you read what Ann Coulter and George Will both wrote about "anchor babies", you would realize that intellectually they are 100% on our side! Unfortunately, when the name "Obama" is brought up, their eyes simply glaze over and they simply parrot what the rest of the media says.
Cascade and Herd theory. This article in American Thinker does an excellent job of explaining why our side has joined the Liberal side in ridiculing questions of Obama's illegitimacy.
I think I'll wait to hear Michael Medved's opinion on this first.
I understand that birthers reject that idea. But at a bare minimum, all ought to be able to agree that honest people can look at the evidence and disagree with the idea that two citizen parents are required.
Prior to 1922, it was not POSSIBLE to have other than two citizen parents. How can a non citizen parent rule apply to a time before it was even possible?
Also, here's another piece of evidence *YOU* won't look at. According to this newspaper from 1811, A child could only be a citizen if his FATHER was a citizen. LOOK AT THE EVIDENCE!
"Prior to 1922, it was not POSSIBLE to have other than two citizen parents."
I have no idea what drugs you are on, but they must be good.
Every attempt to get a court case to be heard prior to Georgia was rejected under the claim that no one had "standing" (an injury which could be rectified by the court) to bring a case before a court.
It is like saying "You are too tall to ride this ride." It has nothing to do with the merits of the case, and everything to do with judicial procedure denying the obvious. EVERYBODY ought to have a right to demand that their chief executive is legitimate.
Whenever I try to follow the argument I get lost in a pile of esoteric legalism and questionable interpretations of the Constitution, laws, and public policy. If the so-called "Birthers" cannot provide a simple, clear argument, it is no wonder popular talk show hosts won't touch it.
The "birthers" are divided up into several groups which have some overlap. 1.There are those that think Obama was born in Kenya (All the evidence of which I am aware is against this.)
2.There are those that think his Indonesian citizenship destroyed his claim to American Citizenship. (Not true.)
3.There are those that think his travel to Pakistan in 1981 occurred using an Indonesian passport, and that if this is true, it caused him to lose his citizenship. (No proof of either theory.)
4. There are those who believe that a correct historical interpretation of the term "natural born citizen" means a person can have no ties of allegiance to any nation but the United States. (I am in that group.)
5. There are those who believe that he has yet to submit an ORIGINAL Hawaiian birth certificate, so his actual *PLACE* of birth is as yet undetermined. (I am also in this group.)
6. There are those who believe his mother was a CIA spy, and Obama is part of some master plan for world domination by the Tri-Lateral Commission, the CFR, the Bildibergers, and the other Usual "New World Order" suspects.
7. There are some people that believe all of the above.
So to address your point, what you are hearing depends upon to whom you are talking. As I have indicated, I believe that the historically accurate position of our Nation is that a child must be born of two American Citizens within the boundaries of the nation to be a "natural born citizen" as intended by the usage of the term in Article II of the U.S. Constitution. I also believe we have yet to see the truth out of Hawaii as to what Barry's original Hawaiian birth certificate looks like.
I believe what he has put forth last year is a copy of a Replacement birth certificate which was designed to appear as though it were original, but was created by the Department of Health in Hawaii under the direction of a Court Order to produce a replacement birth certificate for an Adopted Child who has had his adoption annulled.
In 1971, Barry's mom abandoned him, leaving him in Hawaii when she went to live with her husband in Indonesia. He lived with his Grandparents ever since he was ten years old, and it is unreasonable to think they did not acquire guardianship over him. Most likely they adopted him, and a new replacement birth certificate was created for him in 1971.
I think Barry only recently got the courts to order the issue of a new birth certificate which said what he wanted it to say.
I will mention at this time that *I* am adopted, and *I* have a replacement birth certificate which was created for me 6 years after I was born, so I know very well that this sort of thing is typical in the case of an adoption.
That the courts have a common and widespread misconception about the correct meaning of the term is a given. However, we should stop accepting what the courts say as the final word on the subject. It has been a long time since the courts accurately administered the law, and what respect they were previously due is no longer applicable to the modern courts.
They are wrong on Roe v Wade, they are wrong on Lawrence v Texas, they are wrong on Kelo v New London, and they are wrong on Wickard v. Filburn! We need to stop pretending the courts are always right when they are in fact WRONG.
I am in groups #4 and #5. I do no know enough about the law to take a position on the necessity of having 2 citizen parents.
I have no idea what drugs you are on, but they must be good.
Don't play stupid with me! You know very well I am referring to the Cable act of 1922. PRIOR to the Cable act, any woman who married an American Male, was automatically naturalized and became an AMERICAN CITIZEN. Any woman who married a Foreign Male became a citizen of HIS NATION. Any Children born to the couple had two citizen parents of one nation or the other.
You talk about OTHER people being dishonest, and yet here you are pretending not to know to what I am talking about! Mr. "Glass House" needs to stop lying and stop throwing stones!
Nobody does.(Without learning about it.) The incorrect interpretation is widespread and ubiquitous, especially amongst the legal people. The only way a person could know the correct interpretation is they have to research it. See where it originated, and what it's purpose was in being included in Article II.
Prior to 1922 it was NOT POSSIBLE to have parents of different nationalities. According to the laws in place at the time, Anyone who married an American Husband was automatically naturalized upon marriage. Anyone who married a foreign male took his citizenship.
The practice existed all the way back to the creation of this nation, but the codification of it into law occurred in 1854. See Section 2 below.
Care to list them? Just a few, maybe.
I wouldn't bother waiting for his reply. He regards any statement that disagrees with him as "dishonest." He keeps using that word. I do not think it means what he thinks it means.
You are talking about a period from 1907 to 1922:
"The Law: Federal legislation that changed the status of married immigrant women so that not all of them would automatically obtain the citizenship of their husbands
Date: September 22, 1922
Also known as: Married Womans Act
Significance: In 1907 a federal immigration law was passed that specifically stated that upon marriage a woman would take the nationality of her husband. The Cable Act changed this, except for women who were American citizens and married men who were ineligible for American citizenship under federal law because of their race."
Please show the legislation and case law prior to 1907.
All of the figures that you mention have looked into it, thought about it critically, weighed the evidence and decided that there is nothing to it.
Then one can only conclude that they are either astonishingly dull witted, (not likely) or that they have NOT seen the evidence which *I* have seen. I'll not attempt to go over it all right here, but I will post this excerpt from an 1811 newspaper article purportedly written by James Madison under his Pseudonym "PUBLIUS."
Link to entire Page of 1811 Newspaper article.
The way to get rid of Obama is the old fashioned way- vote him out. If we can't do this, and the country actually wants this guy, the problem is a lot bigger than Obama and where his father was born. The problem is that the populous is irreversibly lost.
This is not just about attempting to get rid of him, (it's really too late to worry about that.) it is about attempting to deny him legitimacy in the History of the United States. All of our History books need to contain an asterisk by his name *First Illegitimate President.
All of his works and all of his appointments needs to be tainted with the label of "illegitimate."
No, it said that Two Parents was definitely settled, and that "Some Authorities" (implying the minority) would go further.
The problem is that, at the time of the approval of the Constitution, NO ONE had suggested two citizen parents were a requirement.
And that is because any other formulation WAS NOT LEGALLY POSSIBLE at this time! Split citizenship parentage did NOT BECOME POSSIBLE until 1922! You might as well suggest that they didn't mention the parents had to be male and female! OF COURSE NOT! NO OTHER POSSIBILITY EXISTED!
All the law prior used the phrase natural born subject - and that phrase was used interchangeably with natural born citizen for at least a few years after the Constitution.
And according to John Adam's Law book, that meant having Parents who were in Actual Obedience to the KING! (Owing allegiance to England.) As that meant exactly the same thing as the Vattel definition, there was no need to specifically mention it.
I am not going to fool with the rest of your comment. I can only take so much crap at one time.
In what way would we be worse off? Would we have a bigger than 15 trillion dollar debt? Would we have MORE than two more Liberal @ssholes on the Supreme court, and countless others worming their way through the Federal Judiciary? Would Iran be MORE likely to make Nuclear bombs with which to start World War III? Would we have had MORE banning of domestic drilling and oil production if Obama was gone?
In what manner, pray tell, would we be WORSE off if Obama was determined to have never been legitimate? Riots in the Cities? I think the question regarding those is when, not if. Most of the Urban poor is the DIRECT result of Liberal Democrat Policies in the 1960s. Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" programs has virtually guaranteed the creation of a massive poor underclass dedicated to the proposition that Democrats will always hand them out free goodies from other people's pockets.
The Wong Kim Ark decision did not deal with the status of "natural born citizen" so therefore any attempt to cite it regarding "natural born citizen" is a misapplication of Precedent. As the Ankeny decisions is also based on this false conflation of two distinctly different terms, it is utter crap of no legal value.
You meant to say that laws to prevent split citizenship parentage were only in place from 1907 to 1922.
And note that it was only from 1907 and 1922 that a woman with American citizenship automatically lost her citizenship when she married a foreign national.
"After 1907, marriage determined a woman's nationality status completely. Under the act of March 2, 1907, all women acquired their husband's nationality upon any marriage occurring after that date. This changed nothing for immigrant women, but U.S.-born citizen women could now lose their citizenship by any marriage to any alien. Most of these women subsequently regained their U.S. citizenship when their husbands naturalized."
It is not as simple as you present it.
When that "utter crap of no legal value" is repeatedly upheld in courts across the country, will you perhaps entertain the notion that you are wrong? Or do you really feel you understand the issue better than all those judges?
@Article 2, Section 1, Clause 4
@Article 2, Section 1, Clause 5
How could the court make such an error? They made the same error many times over.
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A new view of insect-crustacean relationships I. Inferences from neural cladistics and comparative neuroanatomyNicholas J. Strausfeld | David R. Andrew
Volume 40, Issue 3, May 2011, Pages 276-288
Traditional hypotheses regarding the relationships of the major arthropod lineages focus on suites of comparable characters, often those that address features of the exoskeleton. However, because of the enormous morphological variety among arthropods, external characters may lead to ambiguities of interpretation and definition, particularly when species have undergone evolutionary simplification and reversal. Here we present the results of a cladistic analysis using morphological characters associated with brains and central nervous systems, based on the evidence that cerebral organization is generally robust over geological time. Well-resolved, strongly supported phylogenies were obtained from a neuromorphological character set representing a variety of discrete neuroanatomical traits. Phylogenetic hypotheses from this analysis support many accepted relationships, including monophyletic Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda, paraphyletic Crustacea and the union of Hexapoda and Crustacea (Tetraconata). They also support Mandibulata (Myriapoda + Tetraconata). One problematic result, which can be explained by symplesiomorphies that are likely to have evolved in deep time, is the inability to resolve Onychophora as a taxon distinct from Arthropoda. Crucially, neuronal cladistics supports the heterodox conclusion that both Hexapoda and Malacostraca are derived from a common ancestor that possessed a suite of discrete neural centers comprising an elaborate brain. Remipedes and copepods, both resolved as basal to Branchiopoda share a neural ground pattern with Malacostraca. These findings distinguish Hexapoda (Insecta) from Branchiopoda, which is the sister group of the clade Malacostraca + Hexapoda. The present study resolves branchiopod crustaceans as descendents of an ancestor with a complex brain, which means that they have evolved secondary simplification and the loss or reduction of numerous neural systems. © 2011.
Are mushroom bodies cerebellum-like structures?Sarah M. Farris
Volume 40, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 368-379
The mushroom bodies are distinctive neuropils in the protocerebral brain segments of many protostomes. A defining feature of mushroom bodies is their intrinsic neurons, masses of cytoplasm-poor globuli cells that form a system of lobes with their densely-packed, parallel-projecting axon-like processes. In insects, the role of the mushroom bodies in olfactory processing and associative learning and memory has been studied in depth, but several lines of evidence suggest that the function of these higher brain centers cannot be restricted to these roles. The present account considers whether insight into an underlying function of mushroom bodies may be provided by cerebellum-like structures in vertebrates, which are similarly defined by the presence of masses of tiny granule cells that emit thin parallel fibers forming a dense molecular layer. In vertebrates, the shared neuroarchitecture of cerebellum-like structures has been suggested to underlie a common functional role as adaptive filters for the removal of predictable sensory elements, such as those arising from reafference, from the total sensory input. Cerebellum-like structures include the vertebrate cerebellum, the electrosensory lateral line lobe, dorsal and medial octavolateral nuclei of fish, and the dorsal cochlear nucleus of mammals. The many architectural and physiological features that the insect mushroom bodies share with cerebellum-like structures suggest that it might be fruitful to consider mushroom body function in light of a possible role as adaptive sensory filters. The present account thus presents a detailed comparison of the insect mushroom bodies with vertebrate cerebellum-like structures. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Distribution of serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors in the insect brain with focus on the mushroom bodies. Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis melliferaWolfgang Blenau | Markus Thamm
Volume 40, Issue 5, September 2011, Pages 381-394
The biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) plays a key role in regulating and modulating various physiological and behavioral processes in both protostomes and deuterostomes. The specific functions of serotonin are mediated by its binding to and subsequent activation of membrane receptors. The vast majority of these receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. We report here the in vivo expression pattern of a recently characterized 5-HT 1 receptor of the honeybee Apis mellifera (Am5-HT 1A) in the mushroom bodies. In addition, we summarize current knowledge on the distribution of serotonin and serotonin receptor subtypes in the brain and specifically in the mushroom bodies of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the honeybee. Functional studies in these two species have shown that serotonergic signaling participates in various behaviors including aggression, sleep, circadian rhythms, responses to visual stimuli, and associative learning. The molecular, pharmacological, and functional properties of identified 5-HT receptor subtypes from A. mellifera and D. melanogaster will also be summarized in this review. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The ultrastructure of Drosophila heart cellsChristine Lehmacher | Bettina Abeln | Achim Paululat
Volume 41, Issue 5, September 2012, Pages 459-474
The functionality of the Drosophila heart or dorsal vessel is achieved by contributions from several tissues. The heart tube itself is composed of different types of cardiomyocytes that form an anterior aorta and a posterior heart chamber, inflow tracts and intracardiac valves. Herein we present an in-depth ultrastructural analysis of all cell types present in the Drosophila heart at different developmental stages. We demonstrate that the lumen-forming cardiomyocytes reveal a complex subcellular architecture that changes during development. We show that ostial cells, for which it was previously shown that they are specified during embryogenesis, start to differentiate at the end of embryogenesis displaying opening structures that allow inflow of hemolymph. Furthermore we found, that intracardiac valve cells differentiate during larval development and become enlarged during the 3. instar larval stages by the formation of cellular cytoplasmic free cavities. Moreover we were able to demonstrate, that the alary muscles are not directly connected to the heart tube but by extracellular matrix fibers at any stage of development. Our present work will provide a reference for future investigations on normal heart development and for analyses of mutant phenotypes that are caused by defects on the subcellular level. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Sperm accessory microtubules suggest the placement of Diplura as the sister-group of Insecta s.s.Romano Dallai | David Mercati | Antonio Carapelli | Francesco Nardi | Ryuichiro Machida | Kaoru Sekiya | Francesco Frati
Volume 40, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 77-92
Sperm ultrastructure and spermiogenesis of the dipluran Japygidae (Japyx solifugus, Metajapyx braueri and Occasjapyx japonicus) and Campodeidae (Campodea sp.) were studied with the aim of looking for potential characters for the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of basal hexapods. Both Japygidae and Campodeidae share a common sperm axonemal model 9. +. 9. +. 2, provided with nine accessory microtubules. These microtubules, however, after their formation lose the usual position around the 9. +. 2 and migrate between the two mitochondria. In Japygidae, four of these microtubules are very short and were observed beneath the nucleus after negative staining and serial sections. Accessory microtubules have 13 protofilaments in their tubular wall. Diplura have a sperm morphology which is very different from that of the remaining Entognatha (Protura. +. Collembola). On the basis of the present results, the presence of accessory microtubules suggests that Diplura are the sister-group of the Insecta s.s.. Moreover, Japygidae and Campodeidae differ with regards to the relative position of the sperm components, the former having the axoneme starting from beneath the nucleus (above which sits the short acrosome), while the latter having a long apical acrosome and a nucleus running parallel with the proximal part of the axoneme. The present study also allowed to redescribe the male genital system of Japyx. © 2010 .
The male and female reproductive systems of Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell, 1918 (Zoraptera)R. Dallai | D. Mercati | M. Gottardo | A. T. Dossey | R. Machida | Y. Mashimo | R. G. Beutel
Volume 41, Issue 4, July 2012, Pages 337-359
Here we present an ultrastructural study of the male and female reproductive systems of Zorotypus hubbardi and compare the findings to those presented in an earlier study. The male reproductive system consists of small testes and thin and short deferent ducts opening into a huge seminal vesicle. At the end of the deferent duct a wiredrawer structure is present which initiates the spermatophore formation. A long ejaculatory duct, originating from the seminal vesicle, receives the secretions of three accessory glands. The copulatory organ is a relatively stout structure consisting of two cuticular claspers connected to a ventral sclerite. The testes contain very large and few germ cells (32 sperm in each cyst) which give rise to large sperm characterized by two giant mitochondrial derivatives, two large accessory bodies, and an axoneme with accessory tubules with 17 protofilaments in their tubular wall. In the seminal vesicle the sperm are joined by a secretion to form an elongate spermatophore. The female system consists of panoistic ovarioles, two lateral oviducts, and a common oviduct which receives the spermathecal duct of a huge spermathecal sac in the terminal part of the vagina. The duct is an anterior prolongation of the sac. Its distal part turns back twisting around its proximal portion. At this level a conspicuous muscle layer gives rise to a valve. The bent spermatophore is hosted in the spermathecal sac, with the sperm heads placed in the proximal part of the spermathecal duct. The opening of the duct is close to the female genital opening. The reproductive systems of Zorotypus caudelli and Z. hubbardi, apart from a distinctly different general organization, also have a different sperm structure: those of the former species are free long-moving cells, while the sperm of Z. hubbardi are giant cells joined in a spermatophore. This allows to hypothesize and discuss a different reproductive behaviour in the two species: monandric in Z. hubbardi and polyandric in Z. caudelli. Apparently different forms of selection have resulted in a very uniform general morphology in Zoraptera, and in highly divergent features related to the reproductive system. The presence of 17 protofilaments in the accessory microtubules of the flagellar axoneme is a potential synapomorphy of Zoraptera and Phasmatodea. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Comparison of microglomerular structures in the mushroom body calyx of neopteran insectsClaudia Groh | Wolfgang Rössler
Volume 40, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 358-367
Mushroom bodies (MBs) are prominent neuropils in the insect brain involved in higher order processing such as sensory integration, learning and memory, and spatial orientation. The size and general morphology of MBs are diverse across insects. In this study we comparatively investigated the microstructure of synaptic complexes (microglomeruli) in major sensory input regions of the MBs, the calyces, across various neopteran insect species. Pre- and postsynaptic compartments of microglomeruli were analyzed using anti-synapsin immunocytochemistry, f-actin-phalloidin labeling and high-resolution confocal microscopy. Our results suggest that calycal microglomeruli are present across all investigated neopteran insect species, but differences are found in the distribution of synapsin and f-actin within their pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Hymenopteran MBs contain the highest number and packing density of microglomeruli compared to all other species from the different insect orders we investigated. We conclude that the evolution of high numbers of microglomeruli in Hymenoptera may reflect an increase in synaptic microcircuits, which could enhance the computational capacities of the MBs. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Sensory cilia in arthropodsThomas A. Keil
Volume 41, Issue 6, November 2012, Pages 515-534
In arthropods, the modified primary cilium is a structure common to all peripheral sensory neurons other than photoreceptors. Since its first description in 1958, it has been investigated in great detail in numerous sense organs (sensilla) of many insect species by means of electron microscopy and electrophysiology. The perfection of molecular biological methods has led to an enormous advance in our knowledge about development and function of sensory cilia in the fruitfly since the end of the last century. The cilia show a wealth of adaptations according to their different physiological roles: chemoreception, mechanoreception, hygroreception, and thermoreception. Divergent types of receptors and channels have evolved fulfilling these tasks. The number of olfactory receptor genes can be close to 300 in ants, whereas in crickets slightest mechanical stimuli are detected by the interaction of extremely sophisticated biomechanical devices with mechanosensory cilia. Despite their enormous morphological and physiological divergence, sensilla and sensory cilia develop according to a stereotyped pattern. Intraflagellar transport genes have been found to be decisive for proper development and function. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
The origins of the arthropod nervous system: Insights from the OnychophoraPaul M. Whitington | Georg Mayer
Volume 40, Issue 3, May 2011, Pages 193-209
A revision of evolutionary relationships of the Arthropoda has provided fresh impetus to tracing the origins of the nervous system of this group of animals: other members of the Ecdysozoa possess a markedly different type of nervous system from both the arthropods and the annelid worms, with which they were previously grouped. Given their status as favoured sister taxon of the arthropods, Onychophora (velvet worms) are a key group for understanding the evolutionary changes that have taken place in the panarthropod (Arthropoda + Onychophora + Tardigrada) lineage. This article reviews our current knowledge of the structure and development of the onychophoran nervous system. The picture that emerges from these studies is that the nervous system of the panarthropod ancestor was substantially different from that of modern arthropods: this animal probably possessed a bipartite, rather than a tripartite brain; its nerve cord displayed only a limited degree of segmentation; and neurons were more numerous but more uniform in morphology than in living arthropods. These observations suggest an evolutionary scenario, by which the arthropod nervous system evolved from a system of orthogonally crossing nerve tracts present in both a presumed protostome ancestor and many extant worm-like invertebrates, including the onychophorans. © 2011.
Brain organization in Collembola (springtails)Martin Kollmann | Wolf Huetteroth | Joachim Schachtner
Volume 40, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 304-316
Arthropoda is comprised of four major taxa: Hexapoda, Crustacea, Myriapoda and Chelicerata. Although this classification is widely accepted, there is still some debate about the internal relationships of these groups. In particular, the phylogenetic position of Collembola remains enigmatic. Some molecular studies place Collembola into a close relationship to Protura and Diplura within the monophyletic Hexapoda, but this placement is not universally accepted, as Collembola is also regarded as either the sister group to Branchiopoda (a crustacean taxon) or to Pancrustacea (crustaceans + hexapods). To contribute to the current debate on the phylogenetic position of Collembola, we examined the brains in three collembolan species: Folsomia candida, Protaphorura armata and Tetrodontophora bielanensis, using antennal backfills, series of semi-thin sections, and immunostaining technique with several antisera, in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions. We identified several neuroanatomical structures in the collembolan brain, including a fan-shaped central body showing a columnar organization, a protocerebral bridge, one pair of antennal lobes with 20-30 spheroidal glomeruli each, and a structure, which we interpret as a simply organized mushroom body. The results of our neuroanatomical study are consistent with the phylogenetic position of Collembola within the Hexapoda and do not contradict the hypothesis of a close relationship of Collembola, Protura and Diplura. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
A new view of insect-crustacean relationships II. Inferences from expressed sequence tags and comparisons with neural cladisticsDavid R. Andrew
Volume 40, Issue 3, May 2011, Pages 289-302
The enormous diversity of Arthropoda has complicated attempts by systematists to deduce the history of this group in terms of phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic change. Traditional hypotheses regarding the relationships of the major arthropod groups (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda) focus on suites of morphological characters, whereas phylogenomics relies on large amounts of molecular sequence data to infer evolutionary relationships. The present discussion is based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that provide large numbers of short molecular sequences and so provide an abundant source of sequence data for phylogenetic inference. This study presents well-supported phylogenies of diverse arthropod and metazoan outgroup taxa obtained from publicly-available databases. An in-house bioinformatics pipeline has been used to compile and align conserved orthologs from each taxon for maximum likelihood inferences. This approach resolves many currently accepted hypotheses regarding internal relationships between the major groups of Arthropoda, including monophyletic Hexapoda, Tetraconata (Crustacea + Hexapoda), Myriapoda, and Chelicerata sensu lato (Pycnogonida + Euchelicerata). " Crustacea" is a paraphyletic group with some taxa more closely related to the monophyletic Hexapoda. These results support studies that have utilized more restricted EST data for phylogenetic inference, yet they differ in important regards from recently published phylogenies employing nuclear protein-coding sequences. The present results do not, however, depart from other phylogenies that resolve Branchiopoda as the crustacean sister group of Hexapoda.Like other molecular phylogenies, EST-derived phylogenies alone are unable to resolve morphological convergences or evolved reversals and thus omit what may be crucial events in the history of life. For example, molecular data are unable to resolve whether a Hexapod-Branchiopod sister relationship infers a branchiopod-like ancestry of the Hexapoda, or whether this assemblage originates from a malacostracan-like ancestor, with the morphologically simpler Branchiopoda being highly derived. Whereas this study supports many internal arthropod relationships obtained by other sources of molecular data, other approaches are required to resolve such evolutionary scenarios. The approach presented here turns out to be essential: integrating results of molecular phylogenetics and neural cladistics to infer that Branchiopoda evolved simplification from a more elaborate ancestor. Whereas the phenomenon of evolved simplification may be widespread, it is largely invisible to molecular techniques unless these are performed in conjunction with morphology-based strategies. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The smallest insects evolve anucleate neuronsAlexey A. Polilov
Volume 41, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 29-34
The smallest insects are comparable in size to unicellular organisms. Thus, their size affects their structure not only at the organ level, but also at the cellular level. Here we report the first finding of animals with an almost entirely anucleate nervous system. Adults of the smallest flying insects of the parasitic wasp genus Megaphragma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) have only 339-372 nuclei in the central nervous system, i.e., their ganglia, including the brain, consist almost exclusively of processes of neurons. In contrast, their pupae have ganglia more typical of other insects, with about 7400 nuclei in the central nervous system. During the final phases of pupal development, most neuronal cell bodies lyse. As adults, these insects have many fewer nucleated neurons, a small number of cell bodies in different stages of lysis, and about 7000 anucleate cells. Although most neurons lack nuclei, these insects exhibit many important behaviors, including flight and searching for hosts. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The fine structure of the female reproductive system of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera)R. Dallai | D. Mercati | M. Gottardo | R. Machida | Y. Mashimo | R. G. Beutel
Volume 41, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 51-63
The general structure of the female genital system of Zorotypus caudelli is described. The ovarioles are of the panoistic type. Due to the reduction of the envelope (tunica externa) the ovarioles are in direct contact with the hemolymph like in some other insect groups, Plecoptera included. The calices are much larger in Z. caudelli then in Zorotypus hubbardi and their epithelial cells produce large amounts of secretions, probably protecting the surface of the eggs deposited on the substrate. Eggs taken from the calyx bear a series of long fringes, which are missing in the eggs found in the ovariole, and in other zorapteran species. The long sperm of Z. caudelli and the long spermathecal duct are likely related to a sexual isolating mechanism (cryptic female choice), impeding female re-mating. The apical receptacle and the spermathecal duct - both of ectodermal origin - consist of three cell types. In addition to the cells beneath the cuticle lining the lumen, two other cell types are visible: secretory and canal cells. The cytoplasm of the former is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns and Golgi complexes, which produce numerous discrete dense secretory bodies. These products are released into the receiving canal crossing the extracellular cavity of secretory cells, extending over a series of long microvilli. The secretion is transported towards the lumen of the apical receptacle of the spermatheca or to that of the spermathecal duct by a connecting canal formed by the canal cells. It is enriched by material produced by the slender canal cells. Before mating, the sperm cells are enveloped by a thick glycocalyx produced at the level of the male accessory glands, but it is absent when they have reached the apical receptacle, and also in the spermathecal duct lumen. It is likely removed by secretions of the spermatheca. The eggs are fertilized at the level of the common oviduct where the spermathecal duct opens. Two micropyles at the dorsal side of the equator level possibly facilitate fertilization. The presence of these two micropyles is a presumably derived feature shared with Phasmatodea. The fine structure of the female reproductive system of Z. caudelli does not allow to assess the phylogenetic position at the present stage of knowledge. The enlarged calyx and the temporary presence of long fringes on the eggs are potential autapomorphies of Z. caudelli or may indicate relationships with other Zorotypus species. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The properties of the visual system in the Australian desert ant Melophorus bagotiSebastian Schwarz | Ajay Narendra | Jochen Zeil
Volume 40, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 128-134
The Australian desert ant Melophorus bagoti shows remarkable visual navigational skills relying on visual rather than on chemical cues during their foraging trips. M. bagoti ants travel individually through a visually cluttered environment guided by landmarks as well as by path integration. An examination of their visual system is hence of special interest and we address this here. Workers exhibit distinct size polymorphism and their eye and ocelli size increases with head size. The ants possess typical apposition eyes with about 420-590 ommatidia per eye, a horizontal visual field of approximately 150° and facet lens diameters between 8 and 19 μm, depending on body size, with frontal facets being largest. The average interommatidial angle Δφ is 3.7°, the average acceptance angle of the rhabdom Δρrh is 2.9°, with average rhabdom diameter of 1.6 μm and the average lens blur at half-width Δρl is 2.3°. With a Δρrh/Δφ ratio of much less than 2, the eyes undersample the visual scene but provide high contrast, and surprising detail of the landmark panorama that has been shown to be used for navigation. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
The male reproductive system of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera): Sperm structure and spermiogenesisR. Dallai | D. Mercati | M. Gottardo | R. Machida | Y. Mashimo | R. G. Beutel
Volume 40, Issue 6, November 2011, Pages 531-547
Considering the overall uniformity of the morphology of Zoraptera, the structural diversity of the male genital system is remarkable. Structures related to the male reproductive system of Zorotypus caudelli differ profoundly from those of Zorotypus hubbardi. The testes are elongated rather than spherical, the seminal vesicle is apparently absent, and the deferent ducts are very long. A feature shared by these two species and other zorapterans examined is that the two accessory glands are closely adherent to each other and form a single large structure, from which the ejaculatory duct originates. This is a potential zorapteran autapomorphy. Another feature possibly present in the groundplan of the order is the strong elongation of the sperm cells. This may be connected with a reproductive strategy of males trying to avoid re-mating of females with other males after the first copulation. The extremely long and coiled spermathecal duct of Z. caudelli and other zorapteran species is possibly correlated with the sperm elongation, and both features combined may result in a sexual isolating mechanism. The short duration of mating of Zorotypus barberi and Zorotypus gurneyi suggests that the male introduces sperm into the female tract up to the opening of the spermathecal duct using their long coiled aedeagus. A thick glycocalyx around the sperm in the distal part of the deferent ducts probably protects the sperm cells during their forward progression towards the long spermathecal duct, and is removed when they reach the apical receptacle. The spermatogenesis of Z. caudelli follows a pattern commonly found in insects, but differs distinctly from that of Z. hubbardi in the number of spermatids in each sperm cyst. An unusual and possibly autapomorphic feature of Z. caudelli is a disconnection of sub-tubules A and B at the level of microtubule doublets 1 and 6 of the mature sperm cells. It is conceivable that this results in a shorter period of sperm motility. The character combination found in different zorapteran species supports the view that the sperm, a very compact functional unit, does not evolve as a unit, but like in other more complex body regions, sperm components can also be modified independently from each other. This results in different mosaic patterns of plesiomorphic and derived features in a very compact entity in different species of the very small and otherwise uniform order Zoraptera. In Z. caudelli, for instance, the bi-layered acrosome and small accessory bodies are plesiomorphic states among several others, whereas the mitochondrial derivatives and the elongate nucleus are apparently derived conditions. Other combinations likely occur in other zorapteran species. Only few but noteworthy sperm characters indicate possible phylogenetic affinities of Zoraptera. A possible synapomorphic feature, the presence of dense laminae radiating in a cartwheel array between neighbouring centriolar triplets, is shared with Phasmatodea and Embioptera. Another potential synapomorphy shared with Phasmatodea is the presence of 17 protofilaments in the tubular wall of the outer accessory microtubules. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Dual olfactory pathway in Hymenoptera: Evolutionary insights from comparative studiesWolfgang Rössler | Christina Zube
Volume 40, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 349-357
In the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus) the antennal lobe output is connected to higher brain centers by a dual olfactory pathway. Two major sets of uniglomerular projection neurons innervate glomeruli from two antennal-lobe hemispheres and project via a medial and a lateral antennal-lobe protocerebral tract in opposite sequence to the mushroom bodies and lateral horn. Comparison across insects suggests that the lateral projection neuron tract represents a special feature of Hymenoptera. We hypothesize that this promotes advanced olfactory processing associated with chemical communication, orientation and social interactions. To test whether a dual olfactory pathway is restricted to social Hymenoptera, we labeled the antennal lobe output tracts in selected species using fluorescent tracing and confocal imaging. Our results show that a dual pathway from the antennal lobe to the mushroom bodies is present in social bees, basal and advanced ants, solitary wasps, and in one of two investigated species of sawflies. This indicates that a dual olfactory pathway is not restricted to social species and may have evolved in basal Hymenoptera. We suggest that associated advances in olfactory processing represent a preadaptation for life styles with high demands on olfactory discrimination like parasitoism, central place foraging, and sociality. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
New insights into an ancient insect nose: The olfactory pathway of Lepismachilis y-signata (Archaeognatha: Machilidae)Christine Mißbach | Steffen Harzsch | Bill S. Hansson
Volume 40, Issue 4, July 2011, Pages 317-333
Hexapods most likely derived from an aquatic ancestor, which they shared with crustaceans. During the transition from water to land, their sensory systems had to face the new physiological demands that terrestrial conditions impose. This process also concerns the sense of smell and, more specifically, detection of volatile, air-borne chemicals. In insects, olfaction plays an important role in orientation, mating choice, and food and host finding behavior. The first integration center of odor information in the insect brain is the antennal lobe, which is targeted by the afferents from olfactory sensory neurons on the antennae. Within the antennal lobe of most pterygote insects, spherical substructures called olfactory glomeruli are present. In order to gain insights into the evolution of the structure of the central olfactory pathway in insects, we analyzed a representative of the wingless Archaeognatha or jumping bristletails, using immunocytochemistry, antennal backfills and histological section series combined with 3D reconstruction. In the deutocerebrum of Lepismachilis y-signata, we found three different neuropil regions. Two of them show a glomerular organization, but these glomeruli differ in their shape from those in all other insect groups. The connection of the glomerular neuropils to higher brain centers remains unclear and mushroom bodies are absent as reported from other archaeognathan species. We discuss the evolutionary implications of these findings. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
The allometry of CNS size and consequences of miniaturization in orb-weaving and cleptoparasitic spidersRosannette Quesada | Emilia Triana | Gloria Vargas | John K. Douglass | Marc A. Seid | Jeremy E. Niven | William G. Eberhard | William T. Wcislo
Volume 40, Issue 6, November 2011, Pages 521-529
Allometric studies of the gross neuroanatomy of adults from nine species of spiders from six web-weaving families (Orbicularia), and nymphs from six of these species, show that very small spiders resemble other small animals in having disproportionately larger central nervous systems (CNSs) relative to body mass when compared with large-bodied forms. Small spiderlings and minute adult spiders have similar relative CNS volumes. The relatively large CNS of a very small spider occupies up to 78% of the cephalothorax volume. The CNSs of very small spiders extend into their coxae, occupying as much as 26% of the profile area of the coxae of an Anapisona simoni spiderling (body mass < 0.005 mg). Such modifications occur both in species with minute adults, and in tiny spiderlings of species with large-bodied adults. In at least one such species, Leucauge mariana, the CNS of the spiderling extends into a prominent ventral bulge of the sternum. Tiny spiders also have reduced neuronal cell body diameters. The adults of nearly all orbicularian spiders weave prey capture webs, as do the spiderlings, beginning with second instar nymphs. Comparable allometric relations occur in adults of both orb-weaving and cleptoparasitic species, indicating that this behavioral difference is not reflected in differences in gross CNS allometry. © 2011.
Per arborem ad astra: Morphological adaptations to exploiting the woody habitat in the early evolution of HymenopteraLars Vilhelmsen | Giuseppe Fabrizio Turrisi
Volume 40, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 2-20
We survey morphological features of larval and adult wasps that undergo their entire larval development inside wood and interpret them in view of the lifestyle. The evolution of some of the characters is explored by mapping them on a recently published phylogeny of Hymenoptera. Based on this phylogeny, it is reasonable to assume that wood-living wasps evolved from a xylophagous/mycetophagous stage as displayed by woodwasps to a carnivorous/parasitoid lifestyle, preying on woodboring insect larvae. The latter mode of life is probably ancestral to the Apocrita which comprise the majority of the order; they share this lifestyle with their sister group, the Orussidae. However, most apocritan wasps have radiated into other habitats, the Orussidae and Stephanidae apparently being the only taxa that have retained the ancestral lifestyle of carnivorous wasps. Other apocritan lineages associated with wood (e.g., Aulacidae, Megalyridae, basal Cynipoidea and some Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea) possibly entered this habitat secondarily and independently acquired morphological traits associated with it. The woody habitat was occupied by Hymenoptera during a crucial stage in their evolution where the transition from the phytophagous to carnivorous lifestyle took place. The anatomy of both larva and adults was extensively transformed in the process. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
The extremely long-tongued Neotropical butterfly Eurybia lycisca (Riodinidae): Proboscis morphology and flower handlingJulia A S Bauder | Nora R. Lieskonig | Harald W. Krenn
Volume 40, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 122-127
Few species of true butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) have evolved a proboscis that greatly exceeds the length of the body. This study is the first to examine the morphology of an extremely long butterfly proboscis and to describe how it is used to obtain nectar from flowers with very deep corolla tubes. The proboscis of Eurybia lycisca (Riodinidae) is approximately twice as long as the body. It has a maximal length of 45.6 mm (mean length 36.5 mm ± 4.1 S.D., N = 20) and is extremely thin, measuring only about 0.26 mm at its maximum diameter. The proboscis has a unique arrangement of short sensilla at the tip, and its musculature arrangement is derived. The flower handling times on the preferred nectar plant, Calathea crotalifera (Marantaceae), were exceptionally long (mean 54.5 sec ± 28.5 S.D., N = 26). When feeding on the deep flowers remarkably few proboscis movements occur. The relationship between Eurybia lycisca and its preferred nectar plant and larval host plant, Calathea crotalifera, is not mutualistic since the butterfly exploits the flowers without contributing to their pollination. We hypothesize that the extraordinarily long proboscis of Eurybia lycisca is an adaptation for capitalizing on the pre-existing mutualistic interaction of the host plant with its pollinating long-tongued nectar feeding insects. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Overview on spermatogenesis and sperm structure of HexapodaRomano Dallai
Volume 43, Issue 4, January 2014, Pages 257-290
The main characteristics of the sperm structure of Hexapoda are reported in the review. Data are dealing with the process of spermatogenesis, including the aberrant models giving rise to a reduced number of sperm cells. The sperm heteromorphism and the giant sperm exceeding the usual sperm size for length and width are considered. The characteristics of several components of a typical insect sperm are described: the plasma membrane and its glycocalyx, the nucleus, the centriole region and the centriole adjunct, the accessory bodies, the mitochondrial derivatives and the flagellar axoneme. Finally, a detailed description of the main sperm features of each hexapodan group is given with emphasis on the flagellar components considered to have great importance in phylogenetic considerations. This study may be also useful to those requiring an introduction to hexapod reproduction. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Degeneration and cell regeneration in the midgut of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) during post-embryonic developmentAparecida das Dores Teixeira | Maria do Carmo Queiroz Fialho | José Cola Zanuncio | Francisco de Souza Ramalho | José Eduardo Serrão
Volume 42, Issue 3, May 2013, Pages 237-246
Cell death, proliferation, and differentiation in some developmental stages of insects have been studied in the midgut of ametabolous, which undergo only continuous growth, and holometabolous, which undergo complete metamorphosis. However, in hemimetabolous insects, evolutionarily intermediate between ametabolous and holometabolous, midgut reorganization during the post-embryonic development has been poorly studied. The present study evaluates the post-embryonic development of the midgut of a hemimetabolous insect, Podisus nigrispinus, to test the hypothesis that these insects have programmed cell death and proliferation followed by differentiation of regenerative cells during midgut growth from nymphs to adult. The morphometrical data showed a 6-fold increase in midgut length from the first instar nymph to the adult, which did not result from an increase in the size of the midgut cells, suggesting that the growth of the midgut occurs by an increase in cell number. Cell death was rarely found in the midgut, whereas proliferation of regenerative cells occurred quite frequently. The growth of the midgut of P. nigrispinus appears to result from the proliferation of regenerative cells present in the epithelium; unlike ametabolous and holometabolous insects, the midgut of P. nigrispinus does not undergo extensive remodeling, as shown by the low frequency of digestive cell death. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Adult neurogenesis: Examples from the decapod crustaceans and comparisons with mammalsDavid C. Sandeman | Francois Bazin | Barbara S. Beltz
Volume 40, Issue 3, May 2011, Pages 258-275
Defining evolutionary origins is a means of understanding an organism's position within the integrated web of living beings, and not only to trace characteristics back in time, but also to project forward in an attempt to reveal relationships with more recently evolved forms. Both the vertebrates and arthropods possess condensed nervous systems, but this is dorsal in the vertebrates and ventral in the arthropods. Also, whereas the nervous system in the vertebrates develops from a neural tube in the embryo, that of the arthropods comes from an ectodermal plate. Despite these apparently fundamental differences, it is now generally accepted that life-long neurogenesis, the generation of functionally integrated neurons from progenitor cells, is a common feature of the adult brains of a variety of organisms, ranging from insects and crustaceans to birds and mammals. Among decapod crustaceans, there is evidence for adult neurogenesis in basal species of the Dendrobranchiata, as well as in more recent terrestrial, marine and fresh-water species. The widespread nature of this phenomenon in decapod species may relate to the importance of the adult-born neurons, although their functional contribution is not yet known. The many similarities between the systems generating neurons in the adult brains of decapod crustaceans and mammals, reviewed in this paper, suggest that adult neurogenesis is governed by common ancestral mechanisms that have been retained in a phylogenetically broad group of species. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa and seminal fluid of spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) - Current knowledge and future directionsPeter Michalik | Martín J. Ramírez
Volume 43, Issue 4, January 2014, Pages 291-322
The male reproductive system and spermatozoa of spiders are known for their high structural diversity. Spider spermatozoa are flagellate and males transfer them to females in a coiled and encapsulated state using their modified pedipalps. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the present state of knowledge of the primary male reproductive system, sperm morphology and the structural diversity of seminal fluids with a focus on functional and evolutionary implications. Secondly, we conceptualized characters for the male genital system, spermiogenesis and spermatozoa for the first time based on published and new data. In total, we scored 40 characters for 129 species from 56 families representing all main spider clades. We obtained synapomorphies for several taxa including Opisthothelae, Araneomorphae, Dysderoidea, Scytodoidea, Telemidae, Linyphioidea, Mimetidae, Synotaxidae and the Divided Cribellum Clade. Furthermore, we recovered synspermia as a synapomorphy for ecribellate Haplogynae and thus propose Synspermiata as new name for this clade. We hope that these data will not only contribute to future phylogenetic studies but will also stimulate much needed evolutionary studies of reproductive systems in spiders. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Comparative morphology of pretarsal scopulae in eleven spider familiesJonas O. Wolff | Stanislav N. Gorb
Volume 41, Issue 5, September 2012, Pages 419-433
Many wandering spiders bear attachment pads (scopulae) on their tarsi, consisting of hierarchically-branching adhesive setae. Amongst spider families and even species, these show remarkable differences in morphology. Using scanning electron microscopy, the scopula microstructure of sixteen spider species was described, with the focus on pretarsal scopulae (claw tufts). Area and shape of the claw tuft, seta and setule density, as well as seta and spatula dimensions were analysed and compared. Claw tufts of the majority of species studied show a similar gradient in size and shape from anterior to posterior legs: the dimension of pads increases, while setal density decreases. Commonly, there is also a gradient of both the seta and spatula size within the claw tuft: Setae become larger from the proximal to the distal part of the pad, and spatulae size increases in the same direction at the level of individual seta. Often, different hierarchical levels of claw tuft organisation are differently expressed in different species: Species with lower setal density usually have broader setae. Smaller spatula size often implicates higher setule density. Evolutionary and ecological aspects of the scopula origin are discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
RETIRED Printable Manufacturer's Coupon Listing - *PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THE WIKIS*
Score +209
Thread DetailsLast Edited by bailey327 June 25, 2014 at 11:41 AM
Please DO NOT edit the wikis!!
The wikis are updated by our team of wikibees:
bailey327 & whatsthedealyo
- Please post any new printable coupons or any changes to those already listed to this thread, and we'll add them to the wikis.
- Making changes to the wikis can cause the wiki to crash or a loss of data!! It's happened, that's why we ask only the wikibees do the updates.
- Wiki #10 houses our separate Coupons.com listing of coupons as those change frequently!
Wiki #6 (O, P) / Wiki #7 (Q, R) / Wiki #8 (S,T) / Wiki #9 (U - Z) / Wiki #10 (Coupons.Com Coupons)
Printable Thread Special Posting Format!!
FORMAT ~~ To help decrease the time it takes to keep up this thread -- when posting a new printable coupon, please use our standard format:
Advil Children's, $1/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Martha White, 55¢/2, Print (dir)
Nexcare, $1/2, Print (FB)
Scotch Tape, 50¢ Print PDF exp 11/31/14
*Include zip used for smartsource, redplum, etc, to make searching for that coupons easier.*
** No link is necessary for the coupons.com coupons **
Planters Peanuts, any, $1, 77477
-To make a link only appear as one word like "Print", in the Edit box, type your description. Then type the word, "Print", doubleclick on the word "Print" to highlight it only, and then click on the Attachment 1912578 icon (Insert Link). Then in that pop-up box, paste in the actual URL address and click OK.
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-Chat thread for discussing printable coupons, visit slowtech's thread Printable Manufacturer's Q Chat.
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$2/1 Bengay Product printable You can try this link, if it doesn't work please PM me.
Larabar Alt Bars $.75/2 Print [coupons.com] 77477
Dove Go Sleeveless Deodorant $1/1 Print [dove.us] (login/register)
Birds Eye Recipe Ready, $1/1 Print [smartsource.com] dir
dead ==> Hot Pockets or Lean Pockets 12ct Box $1/1 Print [wincofoods.com] 77477
dead ==> Hot Pockets Sandwiches 8-9 oz, $1/2 Print [allyou.com] All You Exclusive
Ore-Ida Simply Potatoes $1/1 Print [oreida.com] login or register to print
dead ==> Rice Dream $1/1 Print [tastethedream.com] (banner still there, but clicking says this promotion is over).
dead ? Sargento Natural Blend Slices or Snacks, $.50/1 Print [smartsource.com] 19111
Cains Mayonnaise 30 oz, $1/1 Print [redplum.com] 06607
Dream or any Maybelline NY face, $1/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Garnier Fructis Shampoo, Conditioner, or Treatment ETS, $1/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Garnier Fructis Style ETS, $1/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Hefty Slider Bags 12 ct+, $1/2 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Johnson's Baby Shampoo or Bubble Bath (exc 1-4 oz. and Buddies and Kids), $1/1 Print [smartsource.com] 77477
Land O'Frost Premium or Sub Sandwich Kit, $1/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
McCormick Gourmet Spice or Herb (Exc Gourmet Recipe & Seasoning Mixes), $.50/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Nature's Bounty vitamin or supplement, $1/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions, $2/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Osteo Bi-Flex, $4/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Polident tablets 120 ct, $1.50/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Sunlight Dish Detergent, $.50/1 Print [redplum.com] 06607
Gone/changed I think.
Dream Non-Dairy $1/1 Print [tastethedream.com]
Garnier Nutrisse Haircolor, $2/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Johnson's Baby No More Tangles or Extra Conditioning Shampoo, excl 1oz-4oz, $1/1 Print [coupons.com] 77477
Johnson's Baby Powder 15oz+, excl 1oz-4oz, $1/1 Print [coupons.com] 77477
Jose Ole, 16 oz+, $2/1 Print [smartsource.com] (dir)
Nabisco Rice Thins or Wheat Thins crackers 3.5oz+, $1/2 Print [facebook.com] FB
Nature's Bounty Fish Oil or CoQ10, $1.50/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Osteo Bi-Flex 30-60 ct, $3/1 Print [redplum.com] 77477
Over the Moon Milk 64oz, $1/1 Print [coupons.com](dir) (ad after Q)
Polar Seltzer 1 liter bottles, $1/4 Print [save.com] 03902
Polident Tablets 84 ct+, $1/1 Print [save.com] 77477
Swiss Premium Tea or Lemonade 1 gallon or 2 half gallons, $.55 Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad after
Sign up for a Slickdeals account to remove this ad.
New Printable Coupons Chat Thread
Claritin non-drowsy childrens (4oz syrup or 20ct+) $3/1 Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad BEFORE Q
Claritan Non-Drowsy 15ct+ $4/1 Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad BEFORE Q
Colgate Phos-Flur $5/1 Print [coupons.com] (dir)
Dr Paul's Piggy Paste $5/1 Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad after Q
FOCUSfactor $4/1 Print [coupons.com] (dir) ad after Q *mailable*
To get your zipcode change at one of the microsites to hold on c.c you must make sure you are NOT logged on to c.c or it will revert back to your registered zip every time.
AmLactin Ultra, $4/1 Print [coupons.com] 30033 and 4.9oz Bottle $5/1 Print [facebook.com] (FB) both links dead, FB link is the same as and replaced by $4 one already in the wiki
I did not print so no idea if there is an ad....
BrainStrong, $2 Print [brainstrongdha.com](register) I get "not authorized to view this page"
BrainStrong Adult, Prenatal (2 diff Q's) $3/1 Print [brainstrongdha.com] join mailing list
did not join or print
Jose Ole, 16 oz+, $2/1 Print [smartsource.com] (dir) no longer available
Jose Ole Snack 16oz+, $2/1 Print [facebook.com] (FB) this is now $3/2
Southworth Paper or Envelope 250ct+ $3/1 Print [coupons.com] (dir) redeemable only at Staples & Office Depot
Dial Complete Foaming Hand Soap $1/2 Print [facebook.com] (FB)(submit info)
That's the only thing that has worked for me.
Try California, 92606 - I just found it there


text:
The tie module contains a single class, Tie that represents the visual and conceptual idea of tied notes. They can be start or stop ties.
Object added to notes that are tied to other notes. The type value is one of start, stop, or continue.
>>> note1 = note.Note() >>> note1.tie = tie.Tie("start") # start, stop, or continue >>> note1.tie.style = "normal" # default; could also be "dotted" or "dashed" or "hidden" >>> note1.tie.type 'start'
>>> note1.tie <music21.tie.Tie start>
- Differences from MusicXML:
- notes do not need to know if they are tied from a previous note. i.e., you can tie n1 to n2 just with a tie start on n1. However, if you want proper musicXML output you need a tie stop on n2 one tie with "continue" implies tied from and tied to
Tie bases


text:
Browser connection from any device
Network technology company Lantronix has claimed that its Device Server technology can provide Internet browser connectivity to virtually any device with a...
This Article Covers
Network technology company Lantronix has claimed that its Device Server technology can provide Internet browser connectivity to virtually any device with a serial connector, writes Paul Phillips.
The popularity of mobile devices, such as laptops, PDAs and mobile phones has led to large amounts of data being held remotely. Internet-enabling these devices would mean this information could be shared.
Defining the datacentre needs of 21st century enterprises
A collection of our most popular articles on datacentre management, including: Cloud vs. Colocation: Why both make sense for the enterprise right now; AWS at 10: How the cloud giant shook up enterprise IT and Life on the edge: The benefits of using micro datacenters
By submitting your personal information, you agree that TechTarget and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers.
You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy.
Device Server allows users to gain real-time access to data, which at present lies dormant on many standalone devices. In addition, Lantronix has introduced a software developer's kit to allow users to create custom applications to meet their own connectivity needs.
Mike Sollars, Lantronix UK sales director, said, "In mission critical environments, uninterruptible power supplies and other dumb devices, such as hubs and routers, store a wealth of valuable information. Internet-enabling such devices allows network managers to monitor, predict, and diagnose problems on the servers that businesses depend on.
"For heightened security, Device Server displays a single IP address to the outside world. Apart from reading the status of the device, the software allows many standard remote management features to be accessed via the browser."
Enjoy the benefits of CW+ membership, learn more and join.


text:
Customer Service dedicated to you. Fast deliveries, responses and prompt service are our objectives.
Return to Previous Page
Roaster Tasting Notes: Classically balanced, vibrant, and complex. Our Colombian Fair Trade Select is now specially formulated for larger brew sizes. Look for lime-citrus brightness and flavors of green apples in a sunny, warm cup. The finish shimmers with sweet notes of grape and walnut. Take this beautifully balanced coffee to-go in your favorite travel mug. Note: Only for use with the Keurig Vue brewers - not for K-Cup systems
Additional Information
|Coffee Roaster
|Green Mountain
|Order Size
|Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price


text:
Womens Tall Pants
Signature Five-Pocket Slim Jeans
Oh, how we love a straight and narrow silhouette, trimmer from calf to ankle — wider than skinny and slimmer than boyfriend, it's the perfect proportion to fold into your denim collection. * Zip fly * Five-pocket styling * Belt loops * Regular inseam: 31"; Petite inseam: 29"; Long inseam: 33" * Cotton/spandex * Imported
Price: Was $88.00
Now $29.00 - $88.00
Relaxed Five-Pocket Jeans
Not too skinny, not too curvy — we've tweaked the shape of our just-right boyfriend silhouette (a slight adjustment in the waist means a gape-free fit). Favorite lower-rise styling, with slightly tapered legs that we love rolled up or down. This style was designed to have a comfortable, relaxed fit. * Fly front* Belt loops* Regular inseam: 32 1/2"; Petite inseam: 30 1/2"* Cotton/spandex* Impo...
Price: Was $88.00
Now $18.00 - $88.00
Hatha Pants by lucy®
The have-to-have hatha pants, now with a straighter leg for an even leaner, longer line. Supremely flattering fit, as always, with super-supple four-way stretch and flatlock seams in a tech-savvy fabric that stays fresh longer between washes. * by lucy®* Regular inseam: 32 1/2"; Short inseam: 30 1/2"; Tall inseam: 35 1/2"* Supplex®/Lycra®* Imported
Price: Was $89.00 Now $71.00


text:
For immediate release
Contact: Christina Fecher, 616-735-7968 email@example.com
March 13, 2012
2011: A Year of Hunger Relief for MeijerRetailer worked to address hunger in the Midwest through variety of philanthropic efforts
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. – Meijer has been committed to helping fight hunger in the Midwest for several years, but that cause solidified as a corporate focus last year.
Meijer addressed hunger relief through a variety of philanthropic efforts, including the 2011 Holiday Simply Give program, another distribution of reconditioned trucks to food pantries, the expansion of the Meijer food rescue program, and many other contributions to nonprofit organizations throughout the supercenter chain retailer's five-state footprint.
"Meijer focused on this cause because we understand hunger in the Midwest and want to do what we can to help those in need," Meijer Co-Chairman Hank Meijer announced today. "We appreciate the support and commitment of our generous customers and team members, who stand ready to help us in this fight, and we anticipate continued generosity from the community this year."
Here are just a few examples of how Meijer addressed hunger relief in 2011:
· Meijer donated $10,000 to Gleaners Community Food Bank and Forgotten Harvest through the retailer's 2011 online holiday contest, "Get Gifted," that also awarded one lucky winner from Macomb County, Mich., with $10,000 in Meijer gift cards. The donation equaled more than 34,000 meals to help feed the hungry in southeast Michigan. To view the food bank donation presentation video, please visit: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYQeJau3QNY.
· The 2011 Holiday Simply Give program helped the campaign, which aims to replenish the shelves of local food pantries in each city and town where a Meijer store is located, grow bigger than it ever was before. Since the campaign debuted in November 2008 – with 10 programs running for about eight weeks – nearly $3 million, or 18 million meals, have been donated to 197 local food pantries.
The program encourages customers to purchase $10 Meijer Food Pantry Donation Cards, which are then converted into Meijer Gift cards and given to the local food pantry selected by the store. Meijer seeds the Simply Give program with $100,000 in grocery gift cards that will be divided equally among all the participating food pantries.
There are three Simply Give programs slated for 2012; the first is going on now through May 19.
· For the second consecutive year, Meijer donated reconditioned tractors to local food banks and community partners to aid their efforts in addressing hunger in their communities. The latest donation consisted of distributing 18 trucks, valued at more than $200,000, to seven food banks and two educational institutions in four states.
· Meijer expanded its food rescue program in 2011, with the addition of seven food pantries in Michigan, Illinois and Ohio that pick up fresh food – meat, cheese and select deli and bakery items – from local Meijer stores. More than 686,000 pounds, or more than 527,700 meals, of food were donated in 2011 to local food pantries.
The initiative helps increase the total tonnage of food delivered to local food banks while utilizing products that would not have been available in the past. After ensuring food safety and quality measures, Meijer began its food rescue program in 2008 with 29 stores in southeast Michigan; the program has since grown to include more than 100 participating Meijer stores. That growth is slated to continue in 2012, said Janet Emerson, executive vice president of operations for Meijer.
"Meijer is proud to partner with these local pantries and food banks to help ensure that no one goes to bed hungry," Emerson said. "Not only are we helping with hunger relief, we are providing healthy offerings to a greater number of people who rely on food banks for their meals."
· Meijer donated $10,000 in gift cards to the Vision of Restoration food pantry in Illinois, which were then given to 500 residents to help put food on their tables over the holiday.
· Meijer donated nearly $10,000 in gift cards to the Chicagoland Italian American Charitable Organization in Chicago. The donation was used to buy food to create "Baskets of Love" for 500 Chicago-area families over Thanksgiving.
Meijer donates more than 6 percent of its net profits to charity annually.
About Meijer: Meijer is a Grand Rapids, Mich.-based retailer that operates 197 supercenters and grocery stores throughout Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky. As a pioneer of the "one-stop shopping" concept, Meijer stores have evolved through the years to include expanded fresh produce and meat departments, as well as pharmacies, comprehensive electronics departments, garden centers and apparel offerings. Additional information on Meijer and the ability to shop for more can be found at www.meijer.com. Follow Meijer on Twitter @twitter.com/Meijer or become a fan at www.facebook.com/meijer.


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text:
The Randall High School Marching Band received a 1st Division "superior" rating at the UIL Region I Marching Contest on Oct. 17 at Dick Bivins Stadium in Amarillo. The rating qualified the band for the Area A Marching Contest in Odessa. The top bands at the area contest will advance to the UIL State Marching Contest Nov. 2-3 in San Antonio. The Canyon High School Band will join the Randall band as the only Class 4-A qualifiers from the region. Palo Duro High School also received a 1st Division but won't be competing at the area level.
Services-To-At-Risk Students & Their Families will have a free "Back in Control" parenting workshop from 8:45 a.m. to 4 p.m. Nov. 7 at the Hereford Independent School District Administration Building Board Room, 601 N. 25 Mile Ave. Registration is required. Information: 806-359-2005.
Canyon High School Student Council will have its 28th Halloween Happening from 5:30-7:30 p.m. Saturday in the high school commons. As a service project, the Student Council is collecting canned food for the High Plains Food Bank at the door.
Students at Sanford-Fritch High School brought 1,122 pairs of socks for soldiers in a recent Socks for Soldiers Battle of the Birds. The students competed against Bushland High School to see who could bring the most. Bushland came in second, with 203 pairs of socks. The campaign was headed up by Sanford-Fritch teacher Robin Vela, whose husband, counselor Ernie Vela, just returned from a military tour in Iraq.
Westover Park Junior High School faculty will display its Pumpkin Art in the cafeteria Friday during the students' lunches. The students are the art critics and judges, and they will cast their votes for their favorite pumpkin with pennies. The campaign will accept any spare change of any denomination to help finance the Westover Park Christmas Angel Project, the students' effort to make the holidays brighter for less-fortunate families.
- Staff writer Bruce Beck
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