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The stiff faces in turn-of-the-century photos give us a glimpse of an era before the invention of money finally made it possible to smile. Freeze your assets with this Groupon.
$85 for a One-Hour On-Location Photo Session ($225 Value)
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Sarah Alice Photography
At Sarah Alice Photography, Sarah captures clients' personalities in vivid, modern portraits and takes candid photos of wedding revelry. In on-location photo sessions, she takes memorable shots at her clients' favorite locations.
Customer Reviews
Vienna, VA 22181
+17033404370Get Directions


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Ken Heinlein
(Tuba) Case Western Reserve University through the CIM/CWRU Joint Music Program.
He earned a Bachelor of Music degree from Central Michigan University, where he studied with Dr. Mark Cox, and a Master of Music degree at CIM, where he studied with Mr. Ronald Bishop. Currently, Mr. Heinlein is a freelancer in the Greater Cleveland area, where he holds the position of Principal Tuba with the Akron Symphony Orchestra and is also the tubist of the Cleveland Brass Quintet. He regularly performs with regional and local ensembles to enrich the artistic environment of his community. As a music educator, he has engaged in performances and musical workshops for children of all ages in a variety of settings.
E-mail: email@example.com
Back to Faculty Listings.

subset: commoncrawl


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This Is the Texas Giant Drop That Tossed a Dallas Woman From the Six Flags Coaster
At roughly the 54-second mark of this 2011 video, Six Flags' Texas Giant roller coaster reaches the apex of that first climb. Then, it descends at a 79-degree angle -- almost straight down -- for nearly 150 feet. At around 7 p.m. Friday, during this stomach-churning descent, 52-year-old Rosa Irene Ayala-Gaona was ejected from the third car, according to the inquest conducted by the Tarrant County Medical Examiner's Office.
She fell for 75 feet before striking a metal support beam, the Fort Worth Star-Telegram reports. Her body finally came to rest on the roof of a tunnel. Ayala-Gaona died of "multiple traumatic injuries."
At least one witness described her as "frantic" when the coaster was preparing to disembark. She believed her safety bar hadn't been properly secured. It didn't "click" as many times as the others when it was locked in place, a witness said. That could mean mechanical malfunction or error on the part of Six Flags employees.
But because there is no state agency charged with investigating amusement park accidents, Six Flags Over Texas will be conducting the inquiry itself. And because a lawsuit is all but guaranteed, who knows when the results of the investigation will be released? U.S. Representative Edward Markey, a Massachusetts Democrat, pushed a bill in 2011 to restore jurisdiction over amusement parks to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, but it died in committee. He's calling on Congress again to provide better oversight.
None of which is likely to satisfy Ayala-Gaona's family, or the thousands of Six Flags patrons who'll almost certainly think twice before setting foot on another roller coaster.
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11 a.m. – 12 p.m. Sunday, December 27, 2015
Church of the Immaculate Conception
Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, IN
No registration required.
All times are in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
On Sunday, Dec. 27, the Sisters of Providence Congregation will celebrate the Feast of the Holy Family with Eucharistic Liturgy at 11 a.m. at the Church of the Immaculate Conception.
The Liturgy is open to people of all faith traditions.


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For questions regarding registration, contact:
For questions regarding the agenda or to suggest presentation topics, contact:
If you are interested in being an SEAA sponsor, contact:
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Mailing Address:
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Earth City, MO 63045
Click here to register as an attendee
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Click here to reserve your hotel room
Thank you to those who registered early. We are now SOLD OUT of rooms at The Vinoy Renaissance. Please click the link below to reserve a room at our overflow hotel: Click here to reserve your hotel room at our overflow hotel


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Evi is our best selling mobile app that can answer questions about books, music, films, conversions, history, people, places and much more.
To experience the full power of Evi you can download her app for free on iOS, Android and Kindle Fire.
Kandyse McClure (b. 1980 in the Republic of South Africa), the resident-Canadian actress
Kavan Smith (born May 6, 1970), the Canadian actor best known for playing Major Lorne in Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis and for his recurring role as Agent Garrity in The 4400
Sarah-Jane Redmond, the British Canadian actress


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Anak Agung Istri is a princess and descendant of the Raja of Singaraja. Her regal character and demeanour impressed me, such that I quietly determined to take her portrait against this rather glamourous door. Once she was in position, through the natural flow of conversations that are part of guiding visitors to the palace, she agreed to have her photo taken. I did not have then to ask her indulgence in order to create the portrait. There was a quiet personal joy that I had acheievd my purpose very gently and graciously. Her quiet charm flows out from the portrait to the viewer. Wonderful.
Great portrait, dear friend! Anak Agung Istri have a beautiful smile!
Ian, I am very impressed with your grace and courtesy in this fragile and wonderful culture of Bali Indonesia, and how you were able to capture this regal portrait. I felt the same reverence for the Balinese during My trip to Bali in 1977. My two weeks there, quietly and gently interacting with the people transformed how I look at the world. Best regards. -Art
Dear Art and Eva,
Thank you, Art. Your comment is very gracious as well as insightful. I have many special privileges working from within Balinese society and culture, and also have many special friends who always surround me as we work together. This allows me to achieve what you have perceived so well.
Thanks again, Ian
And dear Eva,
I apologise that somehow I missed your comment almost a year ago. Thank you so very much for your affirmation and your appreciation of the beauty of Princess Istri.
Your own family's heritage of significant contribution and leadership nationally and internationally, certainly prepares you to recognize the special qualities in other leaders of distinction, such as Anak Agung (Princess) Istri.
Warmest regards, Yan
Brilliant portrait love the detail of his face, your emotive capture through colour, composition, subject & design, in all your works is always amazing!......I always look forward to your gallery! Best wishes from shalom57
Dear shalom57,
This elegant woman is royalty in Bali, and nothing less than elegant and, graceful would do when creating her portrait. For me it was a great honour to have the opportunity and permission. I am pleased that you, a trained photographer, appreciates this portrait. Thank you.
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Photo taken in Buleleng, Buleleng Sub-District, Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia


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Members Want Decades-Old Interactive Contract Modernized
After nearly two years of unsuccessful negotiations, SAG-AFTRA has called a strike against certain video game producers, effective at 12:01 a.m. PT, Oct. 21, 2016.
Toronto, ON (October 21, 2016) — ACTRA is proud to stand in solidarity with our SAG-AFTRA sisters and brothers during their job action as they continue with renegotiation of their Interactive Media Agreement, which covers production of videogames.
LOS ANGELES (Oct. 20, 2016) – "This group of video game employers knowingly feeds off other industries that pay these same performers fairly to make a living. This represents a 'freeloader model of compensation' that we believe cannot and should not continue.
Please be advised that Jar Pictures or Vishesh Agrawal (its representative), the producer of the non-union theatrical motion picture Simran, which is shooting in the Atlanta area, is not signatory to a SAG-AFTRA agreement. As such, SAG-AFTRA members are reminded that accepting employment on Simran is in violation of Global Rule One.
Members Get Ready: TV/Theatrical Negotiations Preparation Starts Oct. 24
Beginning Oct. 24, 2016, locals around the country will be holding Wages & Working Conditions (W&W) meetings in preparation for negotiation of the TV/Theatrical Contracts which expire June 30, 2017.
Dear Member,
Despite years of concerted effort and negotiating sessions, video game employers have steadfastly refused to reach a fair deal during our contract negotiations.
LOS ANGELES (Oct. 16, 2016) — The SAG-AFTRA National Board of Directors meeting this weekend in a face-to-face plenary in Los Angeles, voted unanimously to set a strike date against video game employers for this Friday, October 21 at 12:01 a.m.


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BiographyI'm a video game lover. lol
But I like to do other stuff besides play games aswell...like draw or chat on the computer with friends.
InterestsTekken(series), Oddworld, Spyro The Dragon. Video games, listening to video game music, and playing against others in video games.
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Château & Spa de la Commanderie - Eybens
The property, the former residence and hospital of the Knights of Malta, is a 13th-century castle surrounded by a beautiful park and decorated with antique furniture, 18th-century wood-paneling, and Aubusson tapestries. The hotel features a warm atmosphere and offers a bar, a restaurant, an outdoor swimming pool, and a WiFi Internet point. Relax at the full-service spa, which offers a range of treatments including massages, facials, body scrubs, and Ayurvedic treatments, as well as a sauna, spa tub, and steam room (a fee is charged for spa access).
With outstanding interiors and surroundings, Château & Spa de la Commanderie can arrange romantic wedding receptions or structured business meetings.
Dogs are welcome in the hotel.
Château & Spa de la Commanderie - Eybens
Hotel Info: 1-877-214-4288from $110
- Standard Pavillon
- Standard Room
- Family Room
- Cosy Room
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 42 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-1 AM
- Check-out time is 11:30 AM
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
In the hotel
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Outdoor pool
- Ski storage
- Health club
- Full-service spa
- Spa tub
- Mountain biking nearby
- Rafting nearby
- Snowboarding nearby
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Steam room
- Sauna
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Library
- Fireplace in lobby
In the room
- Minibar
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Hair dryer
- Premium TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Special features
Guests can indulge in a pampering treatment at the hotel's full-service spa, Le Spa. Services include hot stone massages, Thai massages, massages, and facials. The spa is equipped with a sauna, a spa tub, a steam room, and Turkish bath/hammam. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including Ayurvedic.
Château & Spa de la Commanderie - Eybens's small print
Also known as
- Château Commanderie Eybens
- Château Commanderie Hotel
- Château Commanderie Hotel Eybens
- Château Commanderie
- Château Spa de la Commanderie
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Reservations are required for massage services and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Facilities, including a sauna, a spa and a spa tub, are accessible for an extra charge.
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 16.50 for adults and EUR 8 for children (approximately)
Cribs/Infant beds are available for EUR 11 per night
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 10 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Home relief for dry cough
Cough is the reflex action of clearing the throat from mucus and other irritants that may be caused by viral infection or problems in the lungs, an asthma attack or tuberculosis.
Natural relief for rhinitis
Rhinitis is a very common allergy that happens at any age. Once you contracted this kind of allergy, majority of it, will be carried over as you age.
Natural relief for arthritis
Arthritis is a joint inflammation disorder and it is most common to older people 60 years and above. But it doesn't mean that this is a disease of older people. Nowadays, there are young people afflicted with arthritis and this is becoming so alarming because there so many of the younger generation with this disease.


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Maxwelton Independence Day Parade draws thousands for its 96th edition
MAXWELTON — Hot dog, what a parade!
While the crowd at this year's Maxwelton Independence Day Parade didn't smash earlier attendance figures — and the hot dog record remains intact — the patriotic promenade drew an appreciative crowd and more than 150 entries.
The parade is the capstone of South Whidbey's Fourth of July celebrations each year, and organizers said this year's celebration drew between 2,000 and 2,500 people, some hailing from as far away as Alabama.
"The spectators enjoyed it, the participants in the parade enjoyed it, and on the edges, all the neighborhood organizers scrambled around trying to make things happen," said Bob Brooks, parade organizer.
Parade announcer Darrell Slabaugh kept things lively during the lead-up to the Independence Day spectacle and throughout the 90-minute parade.
"He's Mr. Enthusiasm. He can make the morning cup of coffee sound like the finest drink in the world," Brooks said.
The parade — which just marked its 96th year, making it one of the oldest July Fourth parades in the state — was awash in red, white and blue.
Dozens of kids from the Maxwelton Valley and many others from the South End and points farther east — Shoreline, Redmond, Kirkland, Woodinville, Bellevue — marched in the parade to the delighted shouts and screams from friends and family. The crowd along Maxwelton Road was three- or four-people deep in spots, and many prime viewing locations were snapped up three hours before the start of the parade.
This year's parade had an eclectic offering. Marchers included the Whidbey Island Fellowship of Reconciliation; the Whidbey Crabs baseball team; representatives from Whidbey General Hospital; John the Clown and his rubber chicken, Warren; Island Strings; Happy Hounds 4-H Club; the South Whidbey Children's Center; Good Cheer; Sno-Isle Libraries; and the Cub Scouts of Pack 57.
It was an off year for political marchers, with just the South Whidbey Republican Women, and supporters of candidates Rob McKenna and John Koster (though both Republicans were not present).
The parade's rolling stock included many members from the Whidbey Island Model A Club.
In addition to Fords from the 1920s, Jerry Lubinski of Whoamule Farm brought his 1931 Ford Model A tow truck.
And then there was a 1969 Ford Mustang owned by Art McDonald of Mukilteo, a classic that's been in the family since it was new and has appeared in more than 15 Maxwelton parades, and a 1934 Plymouth coupe owned by Mark Myres that was bought new in Oak Harbor the year the Deception Pass Bridge was finished.
Ray Gabelein turned heads in his 1955 Chevy Bel Air: "The car and I are the same age. The car has a new drive train and rear end, but mine is all original."
Norm Brocard chugged by on his Groundhog tractor, built shortly after the end of World War II "when you couldn't buy a real tractor." Brocard's iron beast of burden ended up on the Twomey Farm in Clinton, and was rescued by Brocard from a briar patch where it sat for 30 years.
Some entries on wheels came with a message: the gypsy wagon on the "SingPeace! Earth Pilgrimage for Peace and Global Harmony," and the South Whidbey Society for the Preservation of Reggae Music, with its sole member, Mark Gmerek, pushing a wheelbarrow down the street holding an amplifier blasting a Bob Marley tune.
There were some clear crowd favorites, such as Charlie Gent of Arlington, a Yankee Doodle boy born on the Fourth of July, who was celebrating his fourth birthday.
And, of course, there were plenty of pirates.
The Salt Shack Pirates of Mutiny Bay, the Lagoon Point Pirates, the Glendale Pirates (aka the Norris family), and also the Pirates of Wall Street, who warned, "Tax the poor, give us more ... lock up your mortgage!"
In true island style, many people arrived just before the parade. Roads near the Little Brown Church were lined with cars from last-minute arrivals.
"So many people came in the last 40 minutes that our number of both entries and observers was very high," said Nancy Waddell, one of the organizers of this year's event.
But the one-way in, one-way out traffic revisions that were added this year seemed to do the trick.
"The one-way traffic seemed to work just fine," she said.
Despite the standout sunny weather, and the revised traffic plan that made it safer and easier for pedestrians to get to the parade route, organizers couldn't crack one "world record" set at an earlier Maxwelton parade: the number of hot dogs sold.
Concessions, and the sale of buttons and other items, provide the funding for the big event.
Organizers were still counting the leftovers on Tuesday, but they said it appeared they sold just 1,200 hot dogs; about 200 short of the previous record.
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Chatters Needed for Online Dating
This project received 2 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $56 USD / hour.Get free quotes for a project like this
Skills Required
Project Budgetmin $50 USD / hour
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I am need of people, male and female to help me promote our dating site. Do you think you will be able to do it?
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George Albert Fox and Irene Ester Fritz Fox
- Pennsylvania |
- Avis PA |
- Weedville PA |
- Elk Co PA |
- Clinton Co PA |
- Fox
George Albert Fox and wife, Irene Ester Fritz Fox.
George is the brother of Rev. Walter Fox of Weedville, Elk Co., PA. Walter and wife, Bessie were lifelong residents of Weedville, PA.
George and Irene Fox died in Avis, Clinton Co., PA.
Click on the City or Town name right under the name of the photograph, to view more photographs from that city or town. If there's a county listed, you can view more photographs from that county. If you see a surname listed under the title of the photograph, you can click on that surname or surnames to view more photos that are associated with that surname. Same thing works with any of the other "tags" listed right under the title of the photograph. You may be able to make the photo larger, if the original photograph was larger than the photo shown here. Click on the word "original" above and a window will open with a the photo in a larger size. Want to add some information or comment on this photo? Click on "Add new comment" above.


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Joseph Gordon-Levitt eyeing lead in 'Little Shop of Horrors' remake
Joseph Gordon-Levitt is looking to do a little singing and dancing on the big-screen again.
Having earlier proven his chops as a more-than-competent hoofer who can carry a tune in "500 Days of Summer", the actor is reportedly developing a remake of the horror-comedy musical "Little Shop of Horrors" as a possible starring vehicle, according to The Hollywood Reporter. He would play protagonist Seymour Krelborn, a hopelessly-nerdy florist who begins raising a talking plant with a taste for human blood at the New York City shop where he works as an assistant.
The Seymour character was of course played by Rick Moranis in the 1986 Frank Oz version, which itself was an adaptation of the off-Broadway musical of the same name - a musical that, in turn, was based on the ultra-low-budget 1960 Roger Corman film.
The new version is being produced by Marc Platt, who's also currently shepherding an adaptation of his Broadway play "Wicked" to the screen for Universal. His innumerable film credits include last year's "Drive", "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World", "Nine" and "Wanted".
No director has yet been tapped for the remake, though "Spider-Man: Turn off the Dark" playwright Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa is on board to write the screenplay.
Gordon-Levitt's next film is Christopher Nolan's "The Dark Knight Rises", followed by the action-thriller "Premium Rush" and Rian Johnson's sci-fi mind-trip "Looper" opposite Bruce Willis and Emily Blunt.
Do you think Joseph Gordon-Levitt would make a good Seymour? Any ideas on which actress should play Audrey? Sound off in the comments!


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John A. Gross
LEWISTOWN – John A. Gross, 69, of Sixth Avenue Burnham, died Thursday Nov 21, 2013, at Golden LivingCenter – William Penn.
He was born on July 19, 1944, in Nashville, Tenn., the son of the late John A. and Grace Lee (Smith) Gross. John is survived by his wife, Margaret "Marge" Wise Gross, who he married in 1979.
Surviving are: children, DeeAnn Gross, of Burnham, Ron Young and wife, Diane Lancaster, Tim Young and wife, Sherry, all of Burnham, Jim Young and wife, Terri, of Auburn, N.Y., Johnny Young and wife Jan Jones, of Jones Boro, Ga., Pam Sunderland and husband, Mark, of Milroy, Sue Roush and husband, Steve, of Thompsontown; one brother, Rich Gross, of Lewistown; and 18 grandchildren.
John was a long distance truck driver for any years. He was a member of the U.S. Marines, serving in Vietnam.
Services will be private and at the convenience of the family.
Barr Funeral Home Inc. is in charge of arrangements.
Condolences can be made at www.barrfh.com.


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2072 posts tagged with photography.
Displaying 1651 through 1700 of 2072. Subscribe:
Identify these (non-)photographers?
A question from a friend: She's trying to figure out who took these (famous?) photographs. [more inside]
Does anyone remember a picture of Times Square with all the ads / billboards / text removed?
Does anyone remember seeing a picture of Times Square with all the ads / billboards / text removed? [more inside]
How do I trick me into doing what I want me to do?
how do I make myself take more pictures? I post daily to my blog using my digital camera, problem is I want to motivate myself to use my 35mm camera. [more inside]
Help me get in focus.
What's the best camera 200-300 dollars can buy? [more inside]
Photography Book: Good Idea or Bad?
Photography / Gallery / Book Filter: I am a amateur photographer in the process of building up gallery shows and the like. Can I create a book to show my work? Is this acceptable to most galleries? MORE INSIDE [more inside]
Best camera that uses the xD card?
Help me find a new digital camera that uses xD media cards. [more inside]
Photo rights for advertising
My wife was contacted by an ad agency asking to use a photo she took and hosts on flickr on their client's website. They offered to credit her with the photo on the site. I've read previously on mefi about photos used for print and posters but not for feature on a website for a corporate client of the agency. Is this standard practice? Should she worry about her rights to the photo? More inside... [more inside]
what to use
I would like to take close up photos of hands and eyes of people. My question relates to what lenses should I use. [more inside]
Tips on taking a family portrait for the ages
Family Portrait -- How do we do it ourselves? [more inside]
Become a wedding photographer in 2 months
It's been suggested that I take wedding pictures at my friend's upcoming wedding in February as the bride and groom are doing a nice low-key affair. What camera do I get, and how do I get
good decent at it in 2 months? 3 parts inside [more inside]
Help me consider the pros / cons of different cameras.
Travel Photography Filter: Take the good, clunky camera or the less good, compact one? [more inside]
Help me find a video camera that's jacked!
I'm looking for a video camera and can't seem to find one with the features I need—a microphone input jack, records direct to digital formats and good enough quality of video for web stuff. [more inside]
Recommend Photography Tours and Travel Workshops
I would like to find out about good providers of photography tours and/or travel-based photography workshops abroad. Preferably, the workshops should be pitched at the level of an intermediate photographer. [more inside]
What do I need to take great snowboard photographs?
I want to get in to snowboard/ski photography. I'm new to DSLRs, but have a good eye and lots of time. I have a Nikon D40 and want to spend about $1200 on good glass. What do I buy? Filter recommendations? Any tips for shooting in the snow?
Help me get consistent color between my digital camera, Lightroom and online.
Help me get my color photographs to look as good (or at least the same) online as they do locally. [more inside]
Low-light photography with an old digital camera?
Please help me make the most of my old point-and-shoot digital camera in low light situations! [more inside]
On Aperture and missing my photos.
I switched to Aperture from iPhoto and love it, but I miss feeling connected with my old photos like I used to. Help develop strategies to stay in touch with them in Apple's grown-up photo client. [more inside]
Man shoots pillow in cold blood!
WeegeeFilter: Help me identify a photo by the late, great Arthur Fellig. [more inside]
Any bicycle historians in the house?
Going by the style of clothing, the age of the man, and the make/model of the bicycle can you help me date a picture? [more inside]
Photogravure in Chicago?
Photogravure resources in Chicago? A link posted in the blue and a look at some Steglitz photogravure prints at the Art Institute has me interested in the process. [more inside]
How does this photographer do skycam shots? (NSFW)
How does this photographer do skycam shots? (NSFW) [more inside]
Photography classes in SF?
Where can I find classes in San Francisco to help me become a better photographer? [more inside]
What is the best sub-compact digital camera du jour
What is the best small digital camera Du Jour? I know this has been asked before, but 6 months can make a big difference for these sort of things. What I'm looking for is a smallish, light digital camera with a big viewfinder, that takes really good pictures. That isn't too much to ask is it? [more inside]
Why do US magazines suck?
Where can I find UK photography magazines for cheap or find a US alternative? [more inside]
Deck the walls with Successories!
Help us spend $7k on art for our office. The catch: we're supposed to finalize our choice by Thursday, 12/7. [more inside]
Digitial photo editing software that likes gMail
I'm looking for recommendations on easy to use digital photo editing software for Mac OS X that also plays nice with gMail (or I'm looking for a way for iPhoto and gmail to get along). [more inside]
Digital or Film camera for high school photo class?
Camera as a gift for a 13-year old girl; it's going to be used in a photo class. Which is the more likely camera for a high school photo class: digital or film? Charity gift with no chance for more information from recipient. (more inside) [more inside]
Back me up, Scotty!
What are some good programs for backing up photo's to CD / DVD? Specific features requested. [more inside]
Slide Storage: Carousels or Sheets?
Which is best for the long-term storage of slides: Kodak-style slide carousels, or polypropylene sleeves? In addition to scanning, I want to try to preserve the analog originals for the next generation in my family. But how to do it? [more inside]
What to take pictures of?
I've got the camera...now what? [more inside]
HDr with a Canon 30D and CS1
I have a Canon 30D, Photoshop CS1, and a couple of photogenic cars available. I would like to experiment with HDR. There's a little [more inside]
Looking for a particular Flash photo gallery plugin...
I've read through the other questions on this topic but can't find what I'm looking for: a free or almost free Flash plugin for photo galleries. It's not Slide Show Pro and it's not Simple Viewer. What is it? [more inside]
How extensively are professional magazine photos retouched?
How extensively are professional modeling photos retouched (i.e., those in Vogue and similar publications)? I've heard that this is a common practice, but I'm curious as to how much the photos are altered from the original image. Was this possible before the advent of Photoshop?
PhotoFilter: How do I light and photograph furniture for retail use?
PhotoFilter: How do I light and photograph furniture for retail use? [more inside]
I need to be flashed. Automatically.
How can I automate a series of photographs using two digital cameras and a set of lights? [more inside]
know any chicago-area realtors, construction crews, security guards, etc?
trying to get access to old industrial sites, ruins, etc for photo projects ... know any chicago-area realtors, construction crews, security guards, etc? [more inside]
Aperture or Lightroom?
Which one should I use for my photo workflow? Aperture or Adobe Lightroom Photoshop? [more inside]
Props for a 'vintage' photography project
Help me think of easy-to-make props for my photography project... or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Turn-of-the-Century European Society. [more inside]
What to look for in a photography studio?
My two siblings and I want to have a nice photo portrait done as a gift to our grandparents. I'm assuming that mall studios will produce tacky photos but I don't know what to look for in an alternative. I also don't know how to prepare for the portrait. I'm looking to have this done near either Cambridge, MA or Providence, RI. Any suggestions?
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When modeling business processes, fault and exception handling require special care. The Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) standard offers fault handlers and compensation handlers to model failure and exceptional paths in your business process logic. IBM® WebSphere® Integration Developer exploits this concept, and lets you model fault and compensation handling paths in business processes. Even if you take this step with adequate care, failure situations remain at runtime that are simply not predictable at authoring time. Moreover, there are exceptional situations that need to involve manual repair, for example, an administrator who analyzes and resolves the situation. WebSphere Process Server V6.1.2 supports manual repair and change of control flow logic. It comes with new functions to manually modify the state of process instances. These can be used to overcome exceptional situations and thus to repair the process instance.
As powerful as these functions are, they require far-seeing and careful treatment. This article describes these new repair features, provides useful tips, and identifies potential pitfalls when applying them.
You should have a good understanding of how to model business processes with WebSphere Integration Developer and how to run and administrate these processes with WebSphere Process Server. You should also have basic knowledge of how BPEL processes are executed in WebSphere Process Server.
This article shows you how to repair processes, and specifically prepares you for how to dynamically react to exceptional situations where modeled fault handling and automated recovery mechanisms do not help to solve the situation. Examples for such situations include:
- A service provided by a separate software component is unavailable for a certain time period, and the service implementation has to be taken over by manual interaction. While this situation could have been foreseen to some extent, that is, the process modeler could have implemented a fault handler that treats the fault, appropriately, for example, by adding a human task activity to the fault handler, this level of exactness and completeness in fault handling cannot be assumed in every case.
- In real life scenarios, it can happen that a small number of process instances cannot be executed correctly. Typically, a new business process is extensively tested before it is deployed in a production system. Unfortunately, when a business process is huge and complex, or in certain constellations of input data, the process may fail, anyway.
The first section of this article describes what can already be considered during modeling time in order to benefit best from the new repair features, in case of new models. The next section discusses how a long-running process can be saved from major damage, when unforeseen faults occur. The final section provides an overview of the new functions in WebSphere Process Server V6.1.2, namely skip and jump, that allow you to modify the default execution behavior of a long-running process.
This article does not cover how to model fault and compensation handling in general. The paper is also not about how to use WebSphere Process Server's automated recovery mechanisms such as Failed Event Manager, hold and retention queue handling, and so forth. To learn more about these topics, see the Resources section.
Sample process
All these facets are illustrated with a sample process that handles an order request. Its overall structure is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. Structure of Order Process
The process consists of three major steps, each communicating with another service:
- Align customer data
In this first step, the customer data is checked. The process therefore communicates with an external service, called Customer Registration Service. The process checks whether the requester is a known customer. If yes, the data of the customer is retrieved from the registration service. If it is a new customer, the customer data has to be entered in a Human Task activity, and it is added to the registration service. Finally, the current bonus rate for the customer is calculated.
- Inventory management
The order process now checks whether all shipment items are available; done using the Warehouse Service. Items not in stock are ordered from other suppliers, and the process waits until all requested items are complete.
- Shipment
Finally, the order is shipped and the customer is invoiced. The order request process therefore communicates with the Shipping Service.
To highlight the process repair options available, this article concentrates on the Align Customer Data step: assuming the Customer Registration Service is currently unavailable and all calls to the customer service return with a runtime exception. The objective of the process repair actions is now to overcome this first step, that is, avoid the hold up of all order requests.
This article also assumes the interaction with the Customer Registration Service can be manually reworked at a later point in time when the service is available. All calls to the customer service can be skipped, allowing the actual order to proceed.
What needs to be considered at authoring time
As stated in the introduction, repairing process instances is independent of modeling specific things such as fault and compensation handling; however, it is important to note, that you can use the repair functions for all long-running process instances independent of how they are modeled. Although, there are some aspects that you can consider at authoring time to fully exploit the new functions. These aspects are described in the following sections.
Continue On Error
Process repair basically means to manually intervene in a failing process instance, in such a way that it can successfully complete some work that has previously failed. This intervention is the more effective and practicable the closer it is performed to the actual point of failure (that is, where the fault has been raised). If the fault is propagated through several levels of fault handlers, causing the termination of all other activities, and finally the process instance itself, there is no way to repair it. This is why business processes offer the Continue On Error option. When you set this attribute to No, the process instance will halt the current execution path where the fault happens and the fault is not handled by any fault handler on the direct enclosing scope or activity. The activity instance, at which the fault was raised, is put in a special state stopped. Notice that parallel paths in the process instance can proceed and the process state remains running. Note further that the activity state stopped is not restricted to basic activities: structured activities, such as sequences or scopes, can stop as well.
You can set the Continue On Error attribute on process level as shown in figure 2. The default value is No.
Figure 2.Setting Continue On Error on process level
The Continue On Error attribute can be overwritten at the activity level (see figure 3) for the following activity types: that is, invoke, Java™ snippet and human task activities. You should leave the default, Same as Process.
Figure 3. Setting Continue-on-Error for activities
Important: If you set the Continue On Error attribute to No, there is no negative performance impact to the normal process execution
Whenever a process repair operation is undertaken, the person who requested the repair action needs to be authorized to do it, that is, depending on the concrete action, the person has to be a process administrator, a scope administrator, an activity administrator, or a system administrator.
The system administrator is a role defined on the BPEContainer application. All other administrators are specific to the respective process application, and they are defined in the process model.
Process administrator
You can define process administrators at authoring time on the properties pane of the process. Declare them on the Administration section, as shown in figure 4.
Figure 4. Define a process administrator
If no process administrator is defined, the process starter becomes the process administrator.
A process administrator is allowed to:
- Repair activity instances in state "stopped", for example, force-complete and force-retry, anywhere in the process instance.
- Skip activity instances.
- Perform jumps between activities.
- Modify global and local variables.
- Perform administrative actions on the process instance, for example, terminate or delete a process instance.
Scope administrator
Scope administrators can be defined at authoring time on the properties pane of the scope activity. As shown in figure 5, it is declared on the Administration section.
Figure 5. Define a scope administrator
Note that scope administrators are passed on by scopes to their enclosed scopes, that is, scope administrators of enclosing scopes become scope administrators of the current scope. In addition, the process administrator becomes scope administrator.
A scope administrator is allowed to:
- Repair stopped activity instances, for example, force-retry and force-complete; those are located in the scope.
- Skip activity instances that are enclosed in the scope.
- Perform jumps between activities contained in the scope.
- Modify variables that are defined on the scope or on enclosed scopes.
In subsequent sections of this article, we show, that some repair actions can target activities that are not yet reached by the process navigation (see "Skip an activity instance").
Important: It is important to understand that, in this case, only scope administrators of scopes that have already been reached by the process navigation are allowed to perform repair actions. This means in case the scope, where your repair action takes place, is not yet reached, you must either be a scope administrator of an exterior enclosing scope or process administrator in order to execute the repair action.
Activity administrator
For some activity types, for example, invoke and Java Snippet activities, you can define an activity administrator in the Administration section of the activity as shown in figure 6.
Figure 6. Administrator for an activity
In addition, you can define a default activity administrator on process level (see Figure 4, second human task specification). It is applied for all activities in the process that do not have an explicit administrator defined.
Process administrators and scope administrators of enclosing scopes automatically become activity administrators of all activities contained in this scope.
An activity administrator is allowed to:
- Repair the activity instance in state stopped, for example, force-retry and force-complete.
- Skip the activity instance.
Recommendations for assigning administration rights
We recommend defining at least a process administrator in order to avoid potentially unauthorized repair actions from the process starter. Since scope administrators are inherited down to enclosing scopes, and this results in additional persistent data, we recommend sparse but intended usage of scope administrators.
You should also assign process reader rights to scope administrators; otherwise, the scope administrators are not allowed to see the process instance in the BPC Explorer, which is actually the starting point for applying skip and jump functions.
Scope administrator -- example
In our example, all customer related actions are collected in a scope called AlignCustomerData, as already stated in the introduction (see figure 1).
The customer relationship manager "Jeff" is allowed to view and repair this area in the process. However, other areas of the process are not of his interest and should not be changed by him for security reasons. This is why we added Jeff to the scope administrator role of scope AlignCustomerData.
Persist all activities
During the navigation of a long-running process, activity instances are not always persisted. If a short-running activity, for example, an assign activity, is fully contained in one transaction, the activity instance data may not be persisted in the database.
On the one hand, this behavior may be desired, because it saves database accesses and thus improves the overall performance of the long-running process. While on the other hand, the more historic data you have, the better you can do process repair. For instance, you can determine the state of all activity instances and thus the execution progress of the whole process instance.
During modeling time, you can however, decide that the activity data is always persisted even if it is not required for navigation. You can do this by setting the Enable persistence and queries of business relevant data of the respective activity, see figure 7.
Figure 7. Enable persistence and queries of business relevant data
Consider setting this attribute for activities in critical areas of your processes, where you expect process repair to happen. Be aware, that this impacts the performance, even in cases where no process repair is needed.
Unique activity names
A jump between two activities is only supported if the target activity has a unique name. This is something you have to bear in mind when you are naming the activities during process modeling (referring to the name and not the display name of an activity).
Ignore missing data
WS-BPEL actually specifies that a runtime fault is thrown when empty data is assigned, for example, if the source of an assignment is an uninitialized part. However, if the Ignore missing data attribute of a business process is set, these exceptions are suppressed.
Figure 8 shows, that this attribute is enabled for our sample process.
As we show in this article, a process repair action may indicate that certain steps in a long-running process are skipped; as a result the output data of these steps may not be available for subsequent steps. In order to keep the runtime faults from being thrown when the data is accessed later on, it is beneficial to enable the attribute.
Figure 8. Ignore missing data
Repairing an activity in state stopped
Exceptions can occur anywhere in a process instance. They can be caused by a modeling or coding error (for example, access to uninitialized data) in the business process logic or by a problem outside the process (for example, a called service is not available). An activity can stop when an unexpected -- and therefore unhandled -- exception occurs.
In the following we assume, that the Continue On Error attribute is set in such a way that all activities stop upon unhandled faults.
Stop reason
An exception that occurs in a process can always be associated with an activity instance and may happen either before, during, or after its actual implementation, that is, an activity can stop at different times or execution phases. Moreover, the time or execution phase, when in the life-time of an activity the problem occurs, determines what repairing actions can be performed.
A stopped activity instance carries an additional attribute -- stop reason, which tells the phase when the activity has been stopped. We distinguish three execution phases and therefore three stop reasons.
Failure during the Activation of the activity - stop reason: activation failed
Before an activity is activated, certain conditions must be met, that is, the join condition of the activity must be true. If the evaluation of the join condition fails, for example, an exception is thrown during the execution of a Java implemented join condition, the stop reason is ACTIVATION_FAILED.
Failure during execution of the activity - stop reason: implementation failed
When the exception occurs during the actual implementation of the activity the stop reason is IMPLEMENTATION_FAILED.
This is the most common and multifaceted case. Examples include:
- The expression in an assign accesses an uninitialized part of a variable.
- A runtime exception occurs in a Java Snippet.
- The invocation of an external service returns an unexpected fault.
- The staff resolution of a human task fails.
- The case condition evaluation of a choice condition fails.
Failure upon leaving the activity - stop reason: follow-on navigation failed
After the implementation of an activity has been completed, the Business Flow Manager examines out-going links of the activity and evaluates the transition conditions on these links. If the evaluation of a link condition fails, the activity stops with stop reason FOLLOW_ON_NAVIGATION_FAILED.
Repair actions
To resume the process navigation at a stopped activity, there are two repair actions available: force-retry and force-complete. Keep in mind, in order to repair a process instance, it might be necessary to update one or more process variables to avoid the same failure again before one of these functions can be applied.
When an activity is force-completed or force-retried, you can overwrite its continue-on-error behavior. If this is done and the activity fails again, the exception is propagated to the fault handling of the process and the activity is not stopped again. This can be useful in scenarios where a certain fault is handled not on the next enclosing but on other enclosing scopes.
When an activity is force-retried, its implementation is run again. If it is an invoke activity or human task activity, input data can be optionally provided. Note, that process variables are updated with the provided input data.
The force-retry repair action can be used if the user wants an activity to be re-executed, for example, if an invoke activity was stopped because a service was unreachable but it has been fixed in the meantime.
When an activity is force-completed, the activity is put in state finished and the follow-on navigation is continued. In case of an invoke, receive, or human task activity, the user can provide an output message with the force-complete request. This is treated as the normal output of the activity and the process variables are updated, respectively. If no output is provided for an invoke or human task activity, the process variable is not updated.
A force-complete can be used, for example, to manually complete an activity by an administrator and continue in the predefined control flow of the process, because he expects the occurred exception from happening again, when the activity is re-run.
Note that force-complete can be combined with the jump action, see section Jumping to another activity for more details.
Force-complete with fault
When force-completing an activity, it is possible to provide a fault message instead of an output message. The activity is then put in state failed and the fault is propagated to the fault handler of the next enclosing scope. This is required if an unexpected error occurs and there is no fault handler specifically modeled to handle it. The user can force-complete an activity with a fault to manually enforce that a certain fault handler, that handles a fault different from the one that made the activity instance stop, is triggered to handle this fault.
Repair actions and stop reason
Not all repair actions are allowed for every stop reason. The three execution phases of an activity, its stop reasons, and the allowed repair actions are summarized in the table below.
Table 1. Stop reason and allowed repair actions
|Phase in activity's lifetime
|Stop reason
|Allowed repair actions
|Join condition evaluation
|activation failed
|Run actual invocation
|implementation failed
|Evaluate transition conditions of links leaving the activity
|follow-on navigation failed
If the activity has not yet been started, that is, the stop reason is activation failed, it is not allowed to force-complete the activity. In this case it is important to overcome the problems with activating the activity, while force-complete request addresses problems with finishing it.
In case the activity has already been completed, but the follow-on navigation fails, a force-retry action is no longer allowed. Here, the problem lies in an area where the navigation is moved to succeeding activities, and rerunning the activity's implementation cannot help to overcome this kind of issue.
Repairing an activity in state stopped -- example
Let us come back to our sample process. As already stated, we concentrate on the first step, the AlignCustomerData scope, which is illustrated in figure 9. The scope is implemented as a cyclic flow. In the first step, the customer number is copied to a local variable (1). If the customer number is not null, that is, the customer is already known, the left hand path is followed (2), and the customer data is retrieved from the customer registration service (3). In case of a new customer, the customer data, such as address, bank connection, amd so forth, is entered in the human task activity ProvideCustomerData (4). Afterwards it is inserted into the customer registration service (5). Finally, the two paths join together and the current bonus for this customer is calculated in Java snippet calculateBonus (6).
As already mentioned in the introduction, we assume the customer registration service is not available and all calls return with an exception. As a result, the invoke activities calling this service stop.
Figure 9. Implementation of scope AlignCustomerData
The customer relationship manager "Jeff" uses the Business Process Choreographer Explorer (BPC Explorer for short) to repair processes that suffer from the outage.
He opens the Critical Processes view of the BPC Explorer, it showing all process instances that contain an activity in state stopped (see figure 10).
Figure 10. Critical Processes
He brings-up the activity instance list of the first process instance and finds out that the activity RetrieveCustomerData is in state stopped. The detailed view of the activity is displayed in figure 11.
Jeff looks up the customer data manually and updates the variable customerData with this information using the variable section as shown in figure 11. Just like that, he has manually replaced the implementation of the stopped activity.
He force-completes the activity by clicking the Force Complete button.
Figure 11. Activity details for stopped activity RetrieveCustomerData
As an alternative to the BPC Explorer you can also write a client using the Business Flow Manager APIs to perform the repair actions, including getting and setting variables.
(See resources for a reference.)
Changing the navigation of a process
In this section, we discuss how a user can influence or change the normal execution behavior of a running process instance. There are two major functions in this context: skip and jump.
Skip an activity instance
Consider a situation where a certain step in a process instance is not needed, we'll use a standard travel booking process as an example. The user does not require a hotel reservation because the traveling person stays at a friend's house. In this case, it is beneficial to be able to skip one or more activities in a process instance.
With WebSphere Process Server V6.1.2, all basic activities can be asked to be skipped in every activity execution state via a skip request. This request can either have an immediate effect on the activity, for example when the activity is actually running, or it can target an activity that is not yet reached. In the latter case, the activity is marked for skip until the navigation reaches the activity.
Important: A pending skip request can be cancelled via a cancel-skip request.
When an activity is skipped by request, the behavior in the follow-on navigation differs from the one of an activity that is skipped, because its join condition evaluates to false. In both cases the activity ends in state skipped. However, in case of a skip request all out-going links are evaluated and followed. In case of an automatic skip the current execution path is navigated as "dead-path" and link conditions are not evaluated. They are all considered to be false.
The skip function can be used in combination with stopped activities to repair an unforeseen situation, but also if no exception has occurred so far and a process execution path is interrupted, for example, by a human task activity that waits to be claimed and completed.
Skip an activity in an active state
An activity is in an active state, when the implementation of the activity had been started, but before it has been completed. The active activity states are: running, waiting, ready, claimed, and stopped.
When a skip is requested on an active activity, the activity's implementation is aborted and its state changes to skipped. For example, if an invoke activity, waiting for an asynchronous response, is skipped, the waiting is stopped and a later arriving response from the service is ignored. Follow-on navigation is continued, that is, all out-going links are followed and the transition conditions on the links are evaluated.
Skip a future activity
Activities that have not been reached yet can be skipped as well. When an activity has not been reached yet its state is "inactive", or the activity instance is not yet created.
Skipping a future activity means the activity is created if it does not exist yet, and it is marked for skip, that is, the "skipRequested" attribute is set. When navigation reaches the activity instance, the state of the activity is immediately set to skipped, and its implementation is not run. After this, the "skipRequested" attribute is unset and navigation continues as in the first case. Unsetting the "skipRequested" attribute effectuates that the activity is not skipped again, which could be the case, if the activity is inside a loop or a cyclic flow.
Skip an activity in an end state
An activity is in an end state if the implementation of the activity is completed. End states of an activity are: finished, terminated, skipped, and failed. When an activity is skipped in an end state, the request targets the next iteration of this activity, for example, if it is located inside a while loop or inside a cyclic flow. Note there is no validation that verifies that an activity can be reached again. So even if it is obvious that an activity cannot be reached again, a skip request is not rejected, but it actually has no effect. As in the case of inactive activities, the skip request marks the current activity instance to be skipped. Normally, if it is reached again, a new instance object is created which inherits this mark. The implementation is then not run but the navigation continues as in the two other cases.
Cancel the skip request of an activity instance
A cancel-skip request can be used to undo the effects of a skip request in case that the activity has not yet been reached or it is in an end state. A cancel-skip request is used to unset the "skipRequested" attribute.
Skip an activity instance -- example
Let us look at our sample process again. In the last repair step, Jeff has overcome the problems in the invoke activity RetrieveCustomerData by using force-complete. While he has been looking-up the customer data manually, he found out that the best bonus rate is already given to the current customer and instead of letting the process find that out by itself, he decides to skip the respective step in the process. So just before force-completing RetrieveCustomerData, he updates the bonus variable with this information and marks the calculateBonus activity for skip. To do this, he selects the Process State View as shown in figure 12, clicks on the calculateBonus activity and chooses Skip Activity from the drop down list. It is important to understand that the skip must be requested before the RetrieveCustomerData is force-completed, because the process navigation continues immediately after the force-complete call.
Figure 12. Skip activity instance "calculateBonus"
Jumping to another activity instance
In WebSphere Process Server 6.1.2, it is now possible to manually override the actual state of a running process instance. Specifically, you are able to perform jumps in the control flow from a single, dedicated activity, the source activity, to another one, the target activity. Jumping away from an activity instance can only be performed in an active state. A jump semantically consists of two steps: first, the source activity of the step is ended and second, the target activity of the jump is executed.
The source of the activity of the jump can be ended in three ways. It can be skipped, completed, or forced to be completed. So there are three possible ways to perform a jump: skip and jump, force-complete and jump, complete and jump. Note, only human task activities can be completed in combination with a jump; all other activity types need to be force-completed. This means in this case you also may provide an output message for this activity and after the jump has been completed the activity is in finished state. The jump behavior is the same for all three options.
Important: To jump between two activities, it is not required that the target activity is a successor of the source activity. You can also perform a "backward" jump. It is only possible to jump from one activity to another one, multiple source activities are not supported. The target of the jump has to be a single activity, however, it does not have to be a basic activity; it can be a structured activity as well. It is executed just after the source has been finished.
Forward jumps have the following characteristics:
- Any transition conditions specified on links between the source and the target activity are not evaluated, therefore, it is assured that the target of the jump is executed in any case.
- All activities in between the source and the target are not activated by the workflow engine. This means that the activities are not executed in case of a forward jump. This also means that any data that would have been produced by these activities is not available for the target activity of the jump. So be aware about the data required by the target activity. You can set the data of the variables manually to assure that the target is correctly executed. This is also described in this article (see "Repairing an activity in state stopped--an example").
Backward jumps have the following properties:
- Activity instances in between the source and the target are deleted from the database, so that they can be executed again after the jump has completed.
- At this point in time, no compensation is involved. However, if an activity in-between is a scope activity, the compensation handler remains registered.
Where are jumps supported?
The source and the target activity have to meet certain requirements that a jump can be performed. If these requirements are not met the jump request is rejected. These requirements are based on the state of the source activity and the structural composition of the process model.
- In order to perform a jump, the source of the jump must be in an active state. The possible states of the source activity to perform a jump are: claimed, ready, running, stopped, and waiting. These states are valid for both: skip and jump, and force complete and jump. However, since complete and jump is only allowed for human task activities, complete and jump can only be called in state claimed.
- Only activities with unique names in the business process are potential jump targets. However, the display name might be identical.
- Jumps are only allowed in combination of another activity's completion. A jump is only executed, if the skip, force-complete or complete operation is successful, for example, no runtime exception occurs.
- It is possible to perform jumps within sequences and cyclic flows, but jumps within parallel flows are not supported. In both cases the source and the target activity both have to be directly nested in the same enclosing construct. It is neither possible to jump into a structured activity nor to jump out of the direct enclosing structured activity. However it is possible to jump over structured activities.
- It is not possible to jump from an invoke activity with an attached handler, that is, a compensation handler, fault handler or undo action.
When you use the BPC Explorer to perform a jump, these requirements are checked automatically. Thus, only valid jump targets are displayed.
Jumping to another activity instance -- example
Let's come back to our sample business process. Figure 13 shows a process instance standing at the human task activity ProvideCustomerData. The customer relationship manager, Jeff, has already claimed this activity. Jeff now decides to complete this activity and to continue at calculateBonus, because he knows that the subsequent activity AddCustomerData will fail since the registration service is not available. Jeff will add the new customer to the registry at a later point in time by manual actions, when the service is back working.
To perform a jump within BPCExplorer, complete the following steps:
- Go to the Process State View and click on activity ProvideCustomerData. A menu appears offering the different options.
Select Jump to another Activity.
Figure 13: Jump from activity ProvideCustomerData to activity calculateBonus
Tip: BPC Explorer highlights all activities that are valid jump targets, while the other activities are faded out. Since the source of the jump is contained in a cyclic flow all the activities directly enclosed in this cyclic flow are valid jump targets. As it is not possible to jump outside of structured activities the activities not contained in the cyclic flow are faded out. Figure 14 shows all possible jump targets.
Figure 14. Possible targets for jump from activity ProvideCustomerData
To jump to calculateBonus, left-click on the respective activity.
Figure 15: Select the target calculateBonus of the jump
Tip: Figure 15 shows the menu offering the options how the source activity should be handled. The user is able to complete, force complete, or skip the source activity. The option "complete" is only available to be used if the source of the jump is a claimed human task activity otherwise this option would not be displayed. Jeff decides to complete the human task activity.
On the next screen, you can edit the output message of activity ProvideCustomerData.
Figure 16: Provide output message for complete and jump with ProvideCustomerData as source activity
- Enter the customer data and click on Complete and Jump. The output message is taken as output of the human task activity and the navigation continues at the selected target calculateBonus.
Common pitfalls of manually changing the navigation
When an activity is skipped or left-out due to a jump request, its implementation is not run. Thus the effects of the activity on the process instance and the whole application system outside the process instance are gone. In case of a backward jump, activities may be executed multiple times which also may have effects on the process. These effects need to be examined before a skip or a jump is performed in order to avoid undesirable side-effects. In addition, it might be required that these positive effects of an activity execution are achieved by substitutive, manual actions.
Effects on the process instance itself
- Local and global variables
- For example, consider an assign activity that is skipped. Then all updates to local and global variables of the assign did not happen. A subsequent step in the process might, however, require these changes. Global and local variables can be updated or initialized by get-/set-variable API requests or in the BPC Explorer.
- Correlation set values
- Message activities, that is receive, reply, invoke, and pick activities, can initialize or verify correlation set values with their input and output message. This is an important feature, for example, to correlate external requests to the correct process instances. It can be critical to skip or jump over an activity that initialized correlation sets, because the correlation sets can be used by other activities.
- Receive-reply pairs
- Another source of inconsistencies is receive-reply pairs belonging to the same two-way operation; when only one of the activities is run and the other one is skipped or not executed because of a jump request. When a receive activity of a two-way request is skipped or over-jumped, the corresponding reply activities should be marked to be skipped or over-jumped as well. If the reply is executed anyhow it will fail or stop with a fault indicating that no corresponding receive activity has been found. In case it stops you can force-complete the activity, but this would require further manual intervention later. If a reply activity is skipped the request remains open until the process completes, and an error is returned to the caller. A jump to an initiating receive activity, that has no correlation defined, should be avoided.
- Multiple executions of activities
- In case of a backward jump, the navigation continues at the target activity, and, as a result, some activities may be executed again, that is depending on the control flow. For example, an invoke activity might be re-executed and, for instance, a sub process is started a second time. Please be aware that in case of a backward jump the activities which are between the source and target are not compensated. Because activities may be executed twice, you need to handle them accordingly. One solution requires that activities are idempotent, or can somehow deal with the second invocation. A second solution is marking the activity for skip, before the jump request is performed, so that it is not executed a second time. Note: marking the activity for skip should be performed before the jump is requested.
- Jump over activities
- A forward jump means that the navigation is directly continued at the target activity; all activities between the source and target activity are ignored. They are neither skipped nor are they caught-up later, therefore any information which would have been produced by any of these activities is not available during further navigation of the business process. If you want that one of these activities is run anyway, you can jump back to this activity and mark the other activities which need not to be executed again, for skip.
- Logical incorrect jumps
- A possible jump target might not be a valid jump target concerning the logic of the business process. For example, in a cyclic flow, it is allowed to jump everywhere. Consider a cyclic flow that has mutually exclusive branches; each branch has preconditions and invariants that apply to all activities in the branch. If a jump request crosses these branches, these conditions may be violated and this may result in unexpected behavior and exceptions. Therefore, in general, whenever a user performs a jump, they should check the validity with regard to the business logic of the process.
Effects on the surrounding application
When service calls are omitted, the process instance state can get out-of-sync with the rest of the software application. For example, consider two long-running processes that communicate with each other with multiple operations. One process might assume to receive requests in a certain order, and it might stumble upon a request that was not expected.
You can consider using SCA (Service Component Architecture) methods to call partners of the process to simulate the skipped activity. In case these partners are other long-running process instances, it is also useful to undergo process repair on partner instance as well.
Process repair summarizes a set of actions that can be applied on a running process instance. These actions are designed to help recover from an exceptional situation that was not foreseen at modeling time. Process repair actions can be applied to any long-running process instance. However, to apply these functions most effectively, it is beneficial to regard certain aspects during modeling time, such as the continue-on-error attribute, and clever assignments of administration rights. This article showed you how these repair functions; namely: force-complete, force-retry, skip and jump, work in both theory and samples. Using these functions might not be enough to solve critical situations, and you may need to: update the internal process state, for example, update variable contents, and/or intervene on the whole application system outside the process.
This article showed that you need to use skip and jump actions with care, because they result in leaving-out or re-executing certain areas of the process which may, for example, result in a lack of information in other areas of the process instance. You also learned that, although, there is a set of restrictions for valid jump targets, an allowed jump target might be invalid from an application point of view. You need to detect this invalidity by studying the process model and its intention to avoid this kind of jump.
The authors want to thank the following persons for their review and comments: Christopher Coltsman, Susan Hermann, Ruth Schilling, and Gunnar Wilmsmann.
- WebSphere
Process Server V6.1 Information Center
Provides more information about fault handling and compensation handling in business processes.
- WebSphere
Process Server V6.1.2 Information Center
Provides more information about administering process templates and process instances.
- WebSphere
Process Server V6.1.2 Information Center
Provides more information about developing client applications for business processes and tasks.
- Business
Process Management Samples and Tutorials page
Use this page to find tutorials on this topic.
- WebSphere Process Server
Version 6.1 Business Process Choreographer Programming Model
Read this white paper to learn more about WebSphere Process Server V6.1 Business Process Choreographer Programming Model
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- Trump rally in Vienna scheduled for Monday evening
- VIENNA, Ohio (WYTV) – Donald Trump's campaign postponed an event in Florida to host a rally in Vienna the night before Ohio's primary. Trump will make an appearance at Winner Aviation at the Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport on Monday at 6 p.m..
- Daffin's remembers its founder on Swizzle Stick Day
- FARRELL, Pa. (WYTV) – Daffin's Candies celebrated its annual open house and "Swizzle Stick Day" at the Farrell factory on Sunday but this year, it was bittersweet. Jean Daffin, who started the business with her husband Pete, passed away last Thursday.
- Kasich talks job creation, Social Security in Hanoverton
- HANOVERTON, Ohio (WYTV) – Ohio Governor John Kasich made a campaign stop in Hanoverton in Columbiana County on Sunday, speaking to a crowd of around 400. His main talking point was job creation. He says the same formula he used as governor ...
- St. Patrick's Day parade marches through rain in Boardman
- BOARDMAN, Ohio (WYTV) – The 38th Mahoning Valley St. Patrick's Day parade rolled down Market Street in Boardman Sunday afternoon, despite the rain. It was the first time Marla Santiago had ever been to a parade.
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- YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio (WYTV) – Lead contamination in water supplies is not just an issue in the Youngstown area, but in cities and towns across America. On Sunday, Dr. Kenneth Cowens met with people to discuss the current lead crises in the Valley and in ...
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Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
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This review is from: BUFFALO DriveStation Axis 3TB USB 3.0 External Hard Drive HD-LB3.0TU3 Black
Pros: Decided to review because of so many negative reviews that don't make any sense.
Had this for around 4 months and it was running no problem. There were times I had it on for over 2 weeks with my computer.
I personally think it would have ran for years to come. You can't blame Buffalo for hard drive failures, since they don't make these hard drives, probably. My was a Seagate.
I really like the casing. It looks so nice.
It does run pretty fast regardless of using USB 3.0 since I don't have. I used it like a network drive with Hamachi. Was able to transfer within LAN and also from another location with Hamachi.
* Works as it is supposed to
* Works out of the box
* Sleek design
* Turns on when computer turns on, turns off when computer is off. (This may sound stupid, but since this was the first of its kind I have bought, I'm not sure if other enclosures do the same. I know that portable hard drives does this, obviously. I am used to buying my own external enclosures with internal hard drive. Since it was on sale before, I thought it'd be nice to try it.)
It was worth the try. I do recommend this hard drive, regardless of the negative reviews. If you can't even use the hard drive, I can't see why you can give it one egg, it's not even being tested.
Cons: * Rubber legs for horizontal design
* Better design for vertical stand
* Short power cord
See other thoughts for more information.
Other Thoughts: I dropped my external hard drive on the floor. It slide right off the table because I pulled the power cord since I wasn't aware of the length of the cord. I was trying to plug it into the power strip. Buffalo enclosure no longer worked. Windows could not detect the hard drive.
So I took it apart. I found out the file system was corrupted, however, I used GetDataBack for NTFS and was able to retrieve all 1.5 TB worth of pictures, videos, etc. back. I really do recommend a better versatile design. Although it says it can be placed horizontally and vertically, the vertical design isn't that safe. It is very easy to knock it sideways. The horizontal design is weak with the lack of rubber legs, which is why it slid off my wooden table so easily. But it was still due to my clumsiness. *lol*
I took out the hard drive to save my data. It was too late to return to newegg and I didn't want to go through the trouble with Buffalo since I had important data.
I opened the casing and took the hard drive out, which voided the warranty instantly. There is a weird seal like a film inside.
I found that it was a Seagate drive. I don't have anything against it, but I do prefer Western Digital. I used CrystalDisk to check whether or not the hard drive is bad in anyway after dropping it. It seems fine. It is in usable condition.
I wish it was white.
This review is from: ZALMAN Ultra Quiet Notebook Cooler ZM-NC1000 Black
Pros: * Does what it says: it's a cooler
* Pretty "quiet" (quiet really depends on your laptop)
* Sturdy
* Although it says fits up to 15" size, my is 15.4", it comes out a bit but it still works
My hard drive area, most left, is where needed to cooled the most so I leave the right side of the laptop hanging. It was impossible to type on it since it would get so hot to the point it would burn my hands (left side). I literally cooked an egg with a metal plate before (slow) but that's not normal. With this cooler, I was able to cool it to the point I can no longer cook eggs, great! And I was able to type on the laptop and not with external keyboard.
Cons: * Expensive compared many coolers, I can't vouch for whether this was a good choice compared to the cheaper one, but I was like what the heck and just bought the best I could find regardless of the price. It works wonderfully.
This is one of the more expensive cooler. But as said before it is very sturdy.
Other Thoughts: I wish it was in another color. I dislike black! Now I wish it can be used as an AC. I would recommend this cooler. I didn't really inspect whether or not you could add another fan, but other reviews said you could. But it works well enough for me. Pretty light weight.READ FULL REVIEW
This review is from: SanDisk 32GB Ultra SDHC UHS-I Card - Class 10 30MB/s
Pros: * Came with a mini usb card reader (unexpected)
* Class 10 speeds (more under other thoughts)
For people who say this is not as advertised, you have to read what you are buying. The packaging clearly says "up to" 30 MB/s" and never guaranteed it. Sequential read and write speeds are good enough for the Class 10. I bought this for my new Galaxy S3.
Cons: * Expensive compared to other micro sd's, regardless of UHS speed
* Sandisk in general is more expensive than other brands
* Was kind of a let down to see these type of results, but speeds are as "advertised"
For a UHS, I would think it'd be faster.
Even on Galaxy S3, it showed similar speeds: see Other thoughts.
Other Thoughts: *CrystalDiskMark 3.0.1 Test*
Average sequential read speed: 21.5 MB/s
Average sequential write speed: 11.7 MB/s
Average random read 512KB: 21.1 MB/s
Average random write 512KB: 5.3 MB/s
I averaged this result with a total of 4 tests: Using USB Card Reader and With SD Card Adapter for both 50MB and 1GB. I've verified this by moving files myself from and to this card. A 701 MB file took a minute to transfer to and 30 seconds from the card. On the Galaxy S3 with Antutu Benchmark:
SD card write: 14.2 MB/s (142 (score)) and SD card read: 21.0 MB/s (190).
Compared to the price now, I had bought it around $10 more. This hasn't been more than 2 weeks yet.


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Vance's Glass & Screen Service
Phone: (916) 879-1935 Fax: (916) 488-8965 7504 La Tour Dr, Sacramento, CA 95842 http://www.sacramentoglassco.com
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9821 Business Park Drive, Sacramento CA 95827
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Derry Township School District will accept applications until noon Jan. 27 for people interested in filling a vacant seat on the school board.
The person selected will serve through Nov. 30, 2015.
The vacancy was created by the resignation Jan. 13 of Ellen Sheffey.
Qualifications, according to the district are that the applicant must be resident of the township at least 18 years old; be interested in the school district and its children; be willing to commit the time required; be able to think objectively and independently and work as a member of team; and understand the roles of the school board, committees, administration and faculty.
Those interested should complete an interest form online at www.hershey.k12.pa.us.
Candidates will be invited to speak briefly at a special board meeting on Feb. 3. The new member will be appointed that same evening.


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179 search results for Michelle Rodriguez
Running Wild With Bear Grylls: Michelle Rodriguez
Type: Video | Date: Tuesday, Aug 23, 2016Michelle Rodriguez and Bear head into the Nevada desert where they freefall skydive and scale a huge peak. Later they find a creative way to remain hydrated as their water supply diminishes.
The Rock trashes 'Fast 8' co-stars, calling them [Bleeps] and [Bleeps]
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Outrage Watch: Michelle Rodriguez takes heat over superhero comments
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Type: Video | Date: Thursday, Jun 13, 2013Michelle Rodriguez talks about playing Paz in Turbo.
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Type: Post | Date: Wednesday, Mar 18, 2015It's safe to say terror plays a part in the attraction
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text:
With a stay at Club Mahindra Madikeri, Coorg in Madikeri, you'll be close to Gaddige - Raja's Tomb and Madikeri Fort. This 4-star hotel is convenient to Raja's Seat.
Make yourself at home in one of the 122 guestrooms.
Take time to pamper yourself with a visit to the full-service spa. You're sure to appreciate the recreational amenities, including an outdoor pool and a fitness center. Additional amenities at this hotel include complimentary wireless Internet access and concierge services.
Grab a bite to eat at one of the hotel's dining establishments, which include 3 restaurants and a coffee shop/café. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include limo/town car service, laundry facilities, and a library.


text:
|6 Reviews
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|3 nights
** Fri-Fri Rental (summer only) **
Enjoy Tranquil Times with your family. Direct beach access less than one block away, a screened porch to enjoy your evenings and a short drive to the Oregon Inlet Fishing Center to watch the fishing boats come in or plan a charter are things that make this a perfect spot!
Ground Level: Parking for three, Outside shower, storage with a washer/dryer. Level One: Bedroom with Queen-size, Bedroom with Queen, Bedroom with Bunk and Twin. Two Full baths. Living room with TV, Dining area and Kitchen with Microwave and dishwasher.
Keywords: House
I was first attracted to this listing by the Friday-Friday rental (plus I love the name of the place!), since most Nags Head rentals are Saturday-Saturday. But once I arrived at Tranquil Times, I discovered it was the perfect beach cottage for our extended family of 6 adults and two children. The place is clean and well-stocked with kitchen utensils and bath linens. It's a short walk to the beach and a short drive to fishing piers and restaurants, and the location is quiet and away from the traffic on 158. It took only a few minutes to drive to Brodie Lighthouse and Oregon Inlet. We loved having wireless access, the outdoor shower stall, and washer and dryer. We had 3 cars and a trailer, and all fit into the driveway and carport beneath the house so we didn't have to park on the street. All in all, we did not have one complaint about anything -- other than the arrival of Hurricane Arthur on Thursday, July 3! None of us were keen on riding out the storm, so we cut short our stay by one day and left before Arthur arrived. We hated to leave this wonderful place! I would highly recommend Tranquil Times to anyone wanting to rent a beach house in South Nags Head.
My husband, my 2 kids (ages 13 and 16) spent 2 glorious weeks in this clean, well-appointed home. Since the walk to the beach is less than 5 minutes, all of us enjoyed early morning walks down to the national seashore, lounging during the day and then evening walks after sunset. We saw dolphin, all types of seabirds and the water was so clear we could see fish as we swam in the ocean. Every day was easy since we could eat at the house or picnic at the beach using the cart which came with the house. This home is perfect for families in that there's a washer/dryer and plenty of space for the kids to spread out and have a bit of privacy if the weather is bad. Staying in S. Nags Head is also a perfect jumping off spot to visit Roanoke, Hatteras and Ocracoke Islands as well as driving north to Jockey's Ridge, Kill Devil Hills and even Corolla. I highly recommend this property and we all look forward to returning again soon.
We had a great time there-very nice place for us-everything we needed-owner very helpful-close to the ocean-would definately rent this again and hope we can-couldn't wish for any more
The name says it all! Tranquil times was just that for our vacation. We went during "off season" and it was so quiet. There was no one else around us. The house is nice and cozy and clean. We spent a lot of time in the screened in porch and on the upper deck enjoying that ocean view. It was a very short walk to the beach too. The owner was very easy to reach when needed and was very quick to respond back to messages. We would definitely rent here again!
We had a great time at Tranquil Times. The house had plenty of room for us. The crows nest was the best feature. It had a excellent view. The owner was very easy to deal with. The house was better than expected. We also enjoyed the large screened in porch. We are already talking about renting the house for next year. The house was very clean and comfortable. I would definitely recommend this house to anyone. The house had a great location for us....it was a very quiet neighborhood but still close to all the great activities at the outer banks. Thanks again!!!
We had a wonderful time at tranquil times. The owner was very easy to work with. The house had plenty of room for all six of us. We were very close to the beach, within 2 min walk. Close to all the fun Nags Head has to offer. The upper deck was great for views of the ocean, the sound & star gazing. The house had a little older furniture but had a very cozy beach atmosphere. We loved it.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Post Summer
Sep 5 2016 - Dec 31 2016
3 night minimum stay
|Refundable damage deposit
|Tax Rate
** Week of Aug 26 - Sept 2 $800.00 plus applicable taxes **
Non-summer rates:
3 nights - $300
4 nights - $400
5 nights - $450
6 nights - $475