text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 2, 1991
|Filing date
|Jul 22, 1988
|Priority date
|Jul 22, 1988
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Matthew T. Scholz, Russell D. Birkholz
|Original Assignee
|Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (24), Referenced by (94), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Splinting and casting articles for orthopedic purposes such as immobilization of body parts typically are constructed from porous fabrics that are coated or impregnated with plaster of paris or curable resins. Most of the curable resin systems and the plaster of paris systems are cured or rigidified by exposure to water or aqueous catalyst systems.
Once applied to the patient an effective orthopedic article must provide sufficient strength to protect the immobilized body part. It is also desirable that it be light weight, easy to apply, resistant to degradation due to environmental conditions, particularly water, relatively fast and convenient to cure and sufficiently breathable to allow good oxygen transport and transmission of volatile materials from the skin.
When using orthopedic articles systems which are cured by water or water activated catalysts, it is desirable and necessary to allow ready access to the casting system by water in order to obtain both rapid and complete cure. On the other hand, it is desirable that once cured, the orthopedic article dry as rapidly and completely as possible and be relatively insensitive to water, so as to allow bathing and discretionary exposure to water. It is also desirable that the dried orthopedic article provide improved breathability and porosity to minimize the exposure of the skin under the cast to a continuing moist environment.
The present invention provides for the first time a unitary, ready to apply splinting or casting article which combines the advantages of a porous exterior covering layer and yet protects the skin from leakage of the resin impregnated into the casting material.
The present invention provides an improved orthopedic splinting or casting article which cures rapidly and which has an exterior covering layer. The exterior covering layer has a low surface energy and a porosity sufficient to be breathable while not allowing leakage of its contents. The low surface energy exterior is provided by treatment of the exterior layer of the article, with, for example, a suitable chemical such as a fluorochemical or a silicone. The orthopedic article is constructed of a flexible or moldable substrate that is impregnated with a compound that cures the substrate into an inflexible, load-bearing surface. In the context of this application, "a flexible substrate that is impregnated with a curable compound" is equivalent to "a casting material". Preferably, the article is unitary and comprises a water activated resinimpregnated structural member and a porous exterior covering layer. The cure rate of the resin-impregnated structural member can be adjusted to be faster or slower, while providing improved breathability and improved water-repellency to the article.
In general, casting materials currently available which are constructed of resins impregnated into a sheet comprise resins with surface tensions lower than water. The surface tension of the exterior surface of the orthopedic article of this application is significantly lower than water and known resins and therefore the article is water repellent.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a very porous orthopedic splinting or casting article with improved handleability, e.g., which may be handled without protective gloves. The casting resin is enclosed by a low surface energy exterior layer having a porosity that provides excellent containment of the resin before cure. This means that the liquid curable resin does not migrate through the porous exterior covering layer, thereby providing an article with improved storage stability.
FIG. 1 shows a casting system 1 of the invention wherein a low surface energy layer 2 surrounds a resinimpregnated member 3.
FIG. 2 shows a casting system 1 wherein a resinimpregnated laminate 4 is sealed at the laminate ends 5 and 6 to provide complete enclosure.
FIG. 3 shows a system wherein a foam layer 7 is applied to one surface 8 of the casting system 1.
FIG. 4 shows a system wherein a film layer 9 is applied to the surface 2 of a casting system 1.
FIG. 5a shows a casting splint 1 formed into a semicylinder to be prepared for a porosity test.
FIG. 5b shows the splint of FIG. 5a formed into a complete cylinder.
FIG. 6 shows a tubular casting article 15. Cylinders 16 and 18 are covering layers with low surface tension. A casting material is contained between the covering layers.
FIG. 7 shows schematically the article of FIG. 6 folded for storage.
FIG. 8 shows water transport through treated and untreated orthopedic articles in grams per day.
This application relates to an improved porous orthopedic splinting and casting article and a method for imparting oil and water repellency to such articles. This application also relates to strong and light-weight orthopedic devices with excellent porosity and stability.
In the method of the present invention oil-repellency and water repellency are imparted to casting articles by a chemical treatment which provides low surface energy to the exposed surface of the article. It has been found that this can be done with articles having very high porosity without inhibiting adequate cure since such articles require exposure to an aqueous environment to effect a cure. As shown in FIG. 1, the orthopedic article of this application generally consists of a flexible substrate 3 that is impregnated with a curable compound, and a water-permeable envelope 2 that surrounds the substrate. Suitable envelopes include water-permeable microporous woven, knitted, non-woven or melt blown layers such as weft knitted tubular fabric, knitted stockinet, non-woven polymeric webs of many types such as polyesters, polyurethanes, nylons or polyolefins, foams, various natural and synthetic woven fabrics such as cotton or synthetic polymeric fabrics such as polyesters, nylons and the like, including spun laced fabrics. These materials may be of high or low modulus but are preferably in a configuration which facilitates conformability and should therefore be drapable, and preferably extensible. The covering material may also be heat sealable.
Water-permeable materials as used herein refer to materials having porosity to both water vapor and liquid.
Suitable fluorochemicals for use to obtain low surface energy layers include any of the fluorochemicals known to those skilled in the art to provide oil-repellency and optionally water repellency to natural or synthetic fibers and films. In general, fluorochemical agents or compositions useful in this invention comprise fluorochemical compounds or polymers containing fluoroaliphatic radicals or groups, Rf.
The fluoroaliphatic radical, Rf, is a fluorinated, stable, inert, non-polar, preferably saturated, monovalent moiety which is both hydrophobic and oleophobic. It can be straight chain, branched chain, or, if sufficiently large, cyclic, or combinations thereof, such as alkylcycloaliphatic radicals. The skeletal chain in the fluoroaliphatic radical can include catenary divalent oxygen atoms and/or trivalent nitrogen atoms bonded only to carbon atoms. Generally Rf will have 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, and will contain about 40 to 78 weight percent, preferably 50 to 78 weight percent, carbon-bound fluorine. The terminal portion of the Rf group has at least one trifluoromethyl group, and preferably has a terminal group of at least three fully fluorinated carbon atoms, e.g., CF3 CF2 CF2 -. The preferred Rf groups are fully or substantially fluorinated, as in the
case where Rf is perfluoroalkyl, Cn F2n+1 -. Classes of fluorochemical agents or compositions useful in this invention include compounds and polymers containing one or more fluoroaliphatic radicals, Rf. Examples of such compounds include, for example, fluorochemical urethanes, ureas, esters, amines (and salts thereof), amides, acids (and salts thereof), carbodiimides, guanidines, allophanates, biurets, and compounds containing two or more of these groups, as well as blends of these compounds.
Useful fluorochemical polymers containing Rf radicals include copolymers of fluorochemical acrylate and/or methacrylate monomers with co-polymerizable monomers, including fluorine-containing and fluorine-free monomers, such as methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, acrylate and methacrylate esters of poly(oxyalkylene) polyol oligomers and polymers, e.g., poly(oxyethylene) glycol dimethacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloroacetate, isoprene, chloroprene, styrene, butadiene, vinylpyridine, vinyl alkyl esters, vinyl alkyl ketones, acrylic and methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate , N-methylolacrylamide, 2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)ethyl methacrylate and the like.
The relative amounts of various comonomers which can be used with fluorochemical monomer will generally be selected empirically, and will depend on the substrate to be treated, the properties desired from the fluorochemical treatment, i.e., the degree of oil and/or water repellency desired, and the mode of application to the substrate.
Useful fluorochemical agents or compositions include blends of the various classes of fluorochemical compounds and/or polymers described above. Also, blends of these fluorochemical compounds or polymers with fluorine-free compounds, e.g., N-acyl aziridines, or fluorine-free polymers, e.g., polyacrylates such as poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-decyl acrylate), polysiloxanes and the like.
The fluorochemical agents or compositions can include non-interfering adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifiers, solvents (aqueous and organic), dyes, biocides, fillers, catalysts, curing agents and the like.
The final fluorochemical agent or composition should contain, on a solids basis, at least about 5 weight percent, preferably at least about 10 weight percent carbon-bound fluorine in the form of said Rf groups in order to impart the benefits described in this invention.
Such fluorochemicals are generally known and commercially available as perfluoroaliphatic group bearing water/oil repellent agents which contain at least 5 percent by weight of fluorine, preferably 7 to 12 percent of fluorine in the available formulations.
As specifically known formulations, the following examples are named:
By the reaction of the perfluoroaliphatic thioglycols with diisocyanates, there results perfluoroaliphatic group-bearing polyurethanes. These products are normally applied in aqueous dispersion for fiber treatment. Such reaction products are e.g. described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,054,592.
Another group of suitable compounds are perfluoroaliphatic group-bearing N-methylol condensation products. These compounds are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,477,498, where the emulsification of such products is dealt with in detail.
The perfluoroaliphatic group-bearing polycarbodimides are, e.g., obtained by reaction of perfluoroaliphatic sulfonamide alkanols with polyisocyanates in the presence of suitable catalysts. This class of compounds can be used by itself, but often is used with other Rf -group bearing compounds, especially with (co)polymers. Thus, another group of compounds which can be used in dispersions is mentioned. Among these compounds all known polymers bearing fluoroaliphatic residues can be used, also condensation polymers, such as polyesters and polyamides which contain the corresponding perfluoroaliphatic groups, are considered but especially (co)polymers on the basis of e.g. Rf -acrylates and Rf -methacrylates, which can contain different fluorine-free vinyl compounds as comonomers. In DE-A 2 310 801 (see also GB-A 1.413.051/052), these compounds are discussed in detail. The manufacture of Rf -group bearing polycarbodimides as well as the combination of these compounds with each other is also described in detail.
Besides the aforementioned perfluoroaliphatic group-bearing agents, further fluorochemical components may be used, for example, Rf -group-bearing guanidines, U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,479, Rf -group-bearing allophanates, U.S. Pat. No. 4,606,737 and Rf -group-bearing biurets, U.S. Pat. No. 4,668,406. These classes are mostly used in combination. Others include fluoralkyl-substituted siloxanes, e.g., CF3 (CF2)6 CH2 O(CH2)3 Si(OC2 H5)3.
The useful compounds show, in general, one or more perfluoroaliphatic residues with preferably at least 4 carbon atoms, especially 6 to 14 atoms each.
An exemplary preferred fluorochemical is a formulation of 70% solvents and 30% emulsified solid fluorochemical polymers. The formulation includes as solvents 11% methyl isobutyl ketone, 6% ethylene glycol and 53% water. The fluorochemical polymers are a 50/50 blend of 5/95 copolymer of butyl acrylate and C8 F17 SO2 N(CH3)C2 H4 OCOCH=CH2 prepared as described in U.S. Pat. 3,816,229, incorporated herein by reference (see particularly column 3, lines 66-68 and column 4, lines 1-11) for a 10/90 copolymer. The second component of the 50/50 blend is a copolymer prepared from 1 mole of a tri-functional phenyl isocyanate (available from Upjohn Company under the name PAPI), 2 moles of C8 F17 N(CH2 CH3)CH2 CH2 OH and 1 mole of stearyl alcohol prepared as described in U.S. Pat. 4,401,780, incorporated herein by reference (see particularly Table I, C2 under footnote A). Emulsifiers used are conventional commercially available materials such as polyethoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds (available under the name 5% Ethoquad 18/25) and 7.5% of a 50/50 mixture of C8 F17 SO2 NHC3 H6 N(CH3)3 Cl and a polyethoxylated sorbitan monooleate (available from ICI Limited under the name Tween 80). Such fluorochemicals are non-yellowing and particularly non-irritating to the skin as well as providing articles that are stable having excellent long term aging properties.
Exemplary fluorochemicals are available commercially from the 3M Company and include ready to use formulations such as Scotchgard™ Fabric Protectors FC-214 and FC-270, Scotch-Release™ Brand Fabric Treatment FC-248, Scotchgard™ Brand Fabric Protector FC-324, 3M™ Brand Textile Chemical FC-461, 3M™ Brand Textile Chemical FC-210, 3M™ Brand Textile Chemical FC-828, 3M™ Brand FC 393, FC 326, FC 905 and FC214B, Scotchgard™ Brand Rain and Stain Repeller FC-232 and the like. Other commercially available materials include Dupont's Soil Shedd™ (available from duPont deNemours and Company, Wilmington, Del.).
Suitable silicones for use to obtain the low surface energy layers of the instant invention include any of the silicones known to those skilled in the art to provide water repellency and optionally oil repellency to fibers and films. Silicone fluids typically consist of linear polymers of rather low molecular weight, namely about 4000-25000. Most commonly the polymers are polydimethylsiloxanes.
For use as fluids with enhanced thermal stability, silicones containing both methyl and phenyl groups are used. Generally, the phenyl groups make up 10-45% of the total number of substituent groups present. Such silicones are generally obtained by hydrolysis of mixtures of methyland phenylchlorosilanes.
Fluids for use in textile treatment may incorporate reactive groups so that they may be cross-linked to give a permanent finish. Commonly, these fluids contain Si-H bonds (introduced by including methyldichlorosilane in the polymerization system) and cross-linking occurs on heating with alkali.
Examples of suitable silicones are those available from Dow-Corning Corporation such as C2-0563 and from General Electric Corporation such as GE-SS4098.
The fluorochemical or silicone which is added to water permeable envelope 2 to impart low surface energy is generally applied at low levels. Suitable amounts are between 0.001 to 0.10 parts by weight of active ingredient per part of fabric or padding. A preferred range is 0.25 to 5.0% by weight, i.e., 0.0025 to 0.050 grams of active ingredient per gram of the envelope.
The curable compound used for impregnating the flexible substrate can be any of the curable compounds known for use in orthopedic applications. Suitable curable compounds include plaster of paris and water-curable prepolymers of polyurethanes, cyanoacrylate esters, and epoxy resins. Particularly preferred curable compounds are isocyanateterminated prepolymers, which are contained in Scotchcast�2 Brand casting tape.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, flexible substrate 4 is composed of a plurality of sheets or webs that are impregnated with a curable compound. Also shown in FIG. 2, ends 5 and 6 of envelope 2 are sealed to create a unitary, self-contained orthopedic article. It is also possible and usually preferred to seal the sides of the envelope.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a foam layer 7 is applied to one surface of envelope 2. Foam layer 7 is adapted to contact the body part to be immobilized. That is, foam layer 7 acts as a cushion between the body part to be immobilized and member 3. Alternatively a treated foam layer can be included inside the treated fabric envelope. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, an impermeable film 9 is provided on one surface of envelope 2. In some instances, it is desirable to keep a surface of the orthopedic article relatively dry. For example, applying a wetted orthopedic article to the area of the body to be immobilized may interfere with medical compositions that have been applied to the body. Impermeable film 9 is provided in order to keep the underlying surface of envelope 2 dry when the orthopedic article is immersed in water to initiate cure.
Splints or casts may partially or totally encompass the body part to be stabilized and protected, and the ends of the splinting article may be joined to form a cylinder, as shown in FIG. 5b. Preformed tubes, such as shown in FIG. 6, are also contemplated in the instant invention.
A further embodiment contemplated is a resin impregnated sheet enclosed between two pieces of open cell foam wherein the foam and/or an adhesive covering one side of the foam is fluorochemically treated.
Various other constructions of articles can be made. There are far too many possibilities available to illustrate them all. The essential element will always be an envelope that possesses a low surface energy and a sufficient porosity to be breathable, yet which contains the casting material without allowing resin leakage.
The method for measuring the surface energy is AATCC Test Method 118-1983, with the modifications described below. Surface energies measured according to this modified test method are hereinafter referred to as "apparent" surface energies. AATCC test method 118-1983 determines the surface energy of a fabric by evaluating the fabric's resistance to wetting by a series of selected hydrocarbon compositions. The hydrocarbons set forth in AATCC 118-1983, however, only provide for measurements of surface energy from about 19.8 to 27.3 dynes per centimeter at 25� C. This range is extended by employing various mixtures of methanol and water in the fabric resistance test. The compositions and their representative surface tensions are as follows.
______________________________________ Surface TensionLiquid No. Composition (dynes/cm at 25� C.)______________________________________1 n-heptane 19.82 n-octane 21.43 n-decane 23.54 n-dodecane 24.75 n-tetradecane 26.46 n-hexadecane 27.3______________________________________ Volume % Surface TensionLiquid No. Methanol/Water (dynes/cm at 20� C.)______________________________________7 65/45 308 53/47 359 40/60 4010 25/75 4511 21/79 5012 15/85 5513 8.5/91.5 6014 5/95 6515 0/100 73______________________________________
The test procedure is as follows. A specimen of the covering material is placed flat on a smooth, horizontal surface. Using the method of AATCC 118-1983 except that beginning with the lowest number test liquid, 5 drops of the liquid are placed on the surface of the fabric on the side which will face the resin impregnated sheet in various locations. If three of the five drops wick into the fabric within 60 seconds, the liquid of the next higher surface energy is used. When at least 3 drops remain on the fabric surface the apparent surface tension is recorded as the range of the last two liquids.
A preferable surface energy has been determined to be about 15 to 40 dynes per centimeter and more preferably less than 30 dynes per centimeter for the tested polyurethane resins.
The liquid curable compound will not leak through the envelope to cause the exterior surface of the article to become sticky or otherwise contaminated with the curable compound. A benefit thus obtained by the orthopedic article of this application is that the curable compound does not leak through the envelope and transfer to the skin of the person who applies the cast and/or the patient, where it could become firmly bonded to the skin.
An advantage of the orthopedic splinting and casting article of this invention is the high porosity which allows the injured limb to breath. The porosity of the water permeable envelope is tested using a W & L.E. Gurley Densometer Model 4110. (Troy, N.Y.). A Gurley-Teledyne sensitivity meter (Cat. No. 4134/4135) is used (only for calibration). An Engler Instruments Co. Model 605 timer is used to record the porosity as the time in sec. to pass 100cc of air through a 1.128" diameter (1.000 sq. in) piece of the envelope at 74�-76� F. and 50% relative humidity. Both single and double layers are tested in some cases. The results appear below:
POROSITY______________________________________Envelope Material(sec) Single layer (sec) Double layer______________________________________Elastoflex P, Greater than 300 secs1.5 mil thickness (almost no flow)Adhesive-backed 10.5polyurethane foamMSO3 0.2 0.3MSO3 containing 2.5% 0.2 0.25FC-270MSO3 containing 0.5% 0.3 0.8FC-214MSO3 containing 0.25% 0.3 0.7FC-214MSO3 containing 1.0% 0.25 0.6FC-214MSO3 containing 2.0% 0.3 0.8FC-214MSO3 containing 2.5% 0.2 0.5FC-461MSO3 containing 2.5% 0.25 0.7FC-828MSO3 containing 0.25% 0.25 0.9FC-232MSO3 containing 0.50% 0.25 0.7FC-232MSO3 containing 2.5% 0.3 0.65FC-210FC-214 Splint 1.3 --______________________________________
Elastoflex P is a proprietary elastomeric film, available from Clopay Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. MSO3 is the knitted polyester stockinette onto which all the fluorochemicals listed were coated. The percentage refers to % by weight of the fluorochemical which was coated onto the MSO3 knitted polyester stockinette available from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn. FC-214 Splint is eight layers of Scotchcast™ 2 casting tape enclosed in MSO3 treated with 2% FC-214.
A casting splint consisting of eight layers of Scotchcast™ 2 casting tape material impregnated with a water curable urethane prepolymer and enclosed on all sides by an envelope is formed into a cylinder of two inches inner diameter and three inches in height as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b and by sealing the ends 5 and 6 together using a room temperature vulcanizing silicone adhesive such as Dow Corning 732 multipurpose sealant. The envelope totally encases the water-curable casting material and is therefore present on both the inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder which has been formed. In Sample 1, the envelope consists of an ethylene-propylene-diene film. Sample 1 is currently sold under the name Scotchcast™ 2 Splinting System by 3M Company. In Sample 2, the envelope consists of a polyester stockinette that is treated to contain 1.25% by weight of FC-214 fluorochemical. In Sample 3, the envelope consists of a first layer of polyester stockinette and a second layer over the outside of the cylinder of an open cell urethane foam adhered to the first layer by the adhesive backing. This envelope is also treated on the stockinette portion to contain 1.25% by weight of FC-214 fluorochemical. In Sample 4, the envelope consists of a polyester stockinette treated to contain 2.5% by weight of FC-214 fluorochemical.
A beaker containing water is sealed inside the cylinder by placing a Petri dish 10 at the open bottom and top of the cylinder and gluing the dishes to the splint using a room temperature vulcanizing silicone adhesive as described hereinabove. After the adhesive is cured, this assembly is placed in a 90� to 100� F. (32� to 38� C.) oven and weight loss of the assembly is measured as a function of time. The weight loss of the assemblies containing fabric treated with fluorochemical (Samples 2-4) is compared to an assembly in which the film was not treated with fluorochemical (Sample 1). The properties of Samples 1-4 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ % Fluorochemical Surface tensionSample added (by weight) (dynes/cm)______________________________________1 0 not applicable2 1.25 23.5-24.73 1.25 23.5-24.74 2.5 21.4-23.5______________________________________
The results of the water vapor porosity test are shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 shows the grams of water vapor that are transported through the splints as a function of time. As indicated in the figure, Samples 2-4, which are porous fabrics treated with fluorochemical, transport water much more rapidly than Sample 1.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the invention and should not be considered as restrictive.
Tubular samples of about 15 inches in length and 3 inches in diameter of 3M™ Brand MSO3 polyester stockinet are treated with the fluorochemical formulations as listed in Table 2. The wet pick-up of a solution diluted to 2.5% solids using deionized water is between 100 and 120% by weight. Percent wet pickup is weight of a wet stockinet divided by weight of a dry stockinet multiplied by 100. Each treated stockinet is heated for one hour in an oven at 300� F. (149� C.) and stored in a dry chamber (4% relative humidity) at a constant temperature of 24� C. for about three days. Each sample contains about 2.5% by weight of the fluorochemical. These are tested by the modified version of AATCC Test Method 118-1983 described above for apparent surface energy and the results are reported in Table 2. The color of each sample is recorded. Eight layers, each 12 inches (30.5 cm) in length and 3 inches wide of Scotchcast™ 2 Brand casting tape (a product described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,609,578, incorporated herein by reference, and available from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn.) made with an isocyanate functional water curable resin were enclosed in the treated tubular stockinet. The ends of the tube are placed in apposition and carefully heat sealed with a Vertrod Mead Model 14A-A-CAB Sealer. The casting articles were folded as shown in FIG. 7, packaged and sealed in aluminum foil pouches and aged at 120� F. (49� C.). After two weeks the pouches were opened and the aged articles were inspected visually for color and manually for the presence of resin on the outer fabric surface. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Apparent Surface EnergyRun Fluorochemical Color of Treated Description of RangeNo. Treatment Stockinet Aged Articles (dyne/cm)__________________________________________________________________________A FC-214 No Change No resin leakage 21.4-23.5B FC-210 No Change No resin leakage 21.4-23.5C FC-232 No Change No resin leakage 21.4-23.5D FC-828 Slight Yellowing No resin leakage 23.5-24.7E FC-461 Slight Yellowing No resin leakage 21.4-23.5F untreated Not Applicable Visible wet out/ >72 sticky__________________________________________________________________________
This example shows that with the specific stockinet and resin used, three completely satisfactory fluorochemical treatments were found.
Samples of 3M™ Brand MSO3 polyester stockinet and commercially available cotton stockinet are treated with 1.5% and 2.5% by weight total solids aqueous solution of FC-214. This is supplied as a 30% solids solution, and hence can be diluted to obtained the desired solids content. A wet pickup of 45% was obtained for the 3 inch (7.6 cm) diameter cotton stockinet cylinder. The wet pickup is controlled by passing the soaked materials through a set of nip rollers. The stockinet samples are soaked in the solutions, then dried by hanging in a convection oven at 320� F. (160� C.) for 40 minutes. The surface tension of the outside and inside surface of each stockinet is qualitatively evaluated visually after applying water and modified diphenylmethane, available from Dow Chemical under the name Isonate™ 143L. Both the inside and outside surfaces repelled these chemicals, i.e., droplets of these liquid chemicals remained beaded up on the surface and did not wick into the fabric. Untreated samples were wetted by both water and Isonate 143L.
Samples of nonwoven sheets of commercially available spun-laced, hydroentangled nonwoven polyester fabrics Sontara 8000, 8005 and 8010 (available from du Pont, Wilmington, Del.) are treated with commercially available FC-214. The FC-214 is diluted to 2% solids with water. The fabrics are soaked in the solution, run through a nip roller, resoaked, and again run through the nip roller to provide a substantially uniform 100% wet pickup. Untreated samples are soaked in water. All of the samples are dried as described in Example 2 and the surface tension of each sample qualitatively tested as in Example 2. The treated samples have significantly reduced surface tension compared to the untreated samples. This is shown by the fact that water and Isonate™ 143L would not wet the treated fabric but the untreated fabric is wetted. Splints are made from these samples and described in Example 1 and are aged at 100� F. (24� C.) for 2 months without any detectable resin leakage. Control samples which were not treated showed visible resin wet-out after 4 weeks and were sticky.
Two casting splints 3 inches in width are made using a commercially available polyethylene terephthalate terry cushion stockinet (available from Balfour, Inc., Rockwood, Tenn.) treated with a solution of FC-214 diluted to 2.5% solids (120% pickup) to encase eight layers of Scotchcast™ 2 Brand Casting Tape. The ends of the stockinets are heat sealed to form a complete closure. One side of each splint is covered with a 3 inch wide strip of water-impervious Scotch™ Brand polyester tape No 355-G clear tape (available from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn.). The splints are dipped in water to initiate curing, removed from the water, then the vinyl tape is removed to expose a dry surface. The dried surface is applied to the skin and is comfortable and not damp.
Two casting splints 3 inches in width and 14 inches long are made using the stockinet material and casting tape of Example 4 which are heat sealed. A 3 inch wide, 3/16 inch thick strip of adhesive backed polyurethane foam of equal length to the splint is glued at each end to the ends of the splint with 3M™ brand hot melt adhesive. The splint is dipped in water while holding the foam section of the splint out of the water. The splint is removed from the water. Excess water is removed by hand squeezing, the adhesive side of the foam is applied to the splint and the dry foam side of the assembly is applied to the skin as the assembly is used as a splint. The skin area is comfortable and not damp.
In order to obtain quantitative measurements of the repellency of treated stockinets of the instant invention, 3 inch wide and 2 inch long sections of treated fabrics which are made by the method of Example 1 are evaluated using the modified version of AATCC Test Method 118-1983 described above for apparent surface energy as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________ Stockinet Fabric Surface Energy RangeRun Treatment* (Dynes/cm)______________________________________1A FC 232, 0.25% 27.3 tc 29.62A FC 232, 0.50% 26.4 to 27.33A FC 232, 1.0% 23.5 to 24.74A FC 232, 2.0% 21.4 to 23.55A FC 214, 0.25% 24.7 to 26.46A FC 214, 0.50% 24.77A FC 214, 1.0% 23.5 to 24.78A FC 214, 2.0% 21.4 to 23.59A Dow C 20563 Silicone, 2% Between 27.3 and 3010A General Electric 5540 98 Silicone, 2.4% Between 27.3 and 3011A Orthoglass Rollform Splint greater than 72**12A Untreated Stockinet greater than 72**13.sup. .sup. .sup. FC 270, 25% 24.7 to 26.4______________________________________ *All percents are grams of solid per gram of fabric times 100 **wetted by distilled water
Runs 9A and 10A provided splints which yellowed. After one week aging at 120� F. neither splint showed resin leakage. After 19 days at 120� F. splint 9A was not sticky but splint 10A was sticky.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|Jan 14, 1969
|Leroy E Beightol
|Method and application of orthopedic appliances with an ultraviolet curable plastic impregnated bandage
|Feb 24, 1971
|Oct 9, 1973
|Johnson & Johnson
|Composite material having cementitious properties
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|Johnson & Johnson
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|Pennwalt Corporation
|Method for the manufacture of water-repellent, fire-resistant nonwoven fabrics
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|Mar 29, 2005
|Apr 13, 2006
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|Orthopedic splint
|May 19, 2005
|Nov 23, 2006
|Doria Mason T
|Protective padding and protective padding systems
|Sep 26, 2005
|Mar 29, 2007
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Orthopedic cast system and method
|Dec 23, 2005
|Jun 28, 2007
|3M Innovative Properties Cornpany
|Surgical prep solution applicator
|Aug 9, 2007
|Nov 29, 2007
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Skin antiseptic composition dispenser and methods of use
|Aug 25, 2005
|Dec 6, 2007
|Moore Dan T Iii
|Energy-absorbing pads
|Aug 21, 2008
|Feb 5, 2009
|Dennis Michael R
|Protective helmet pad interface structure
|Apr 8, 2010
|Mjd Innovations, L.L.C.
|Helmet liner with improved, seam-position-enhanced, rear-sector load management
|Sep 28, 2007
|Oct 14, 2010
|Birgit Riesinger
|Wound care article for extraction and control of wound fluids
|Jun 23, 2011
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
|Dec 17, 2010
|Jun 23, 2011
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|Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs, melt blown fine fibers, and methods of making and using the same
|Jun 11, 2009
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|Moore Eric M
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|Jan 27, 2010
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|Helmet pad structure
|Mar 26, 2013
|Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc
|Helmet liner
|May 21, 2013
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|Sep 12, 2013
|Jul 7, 2015
|Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc
|Mar 17, 1994
|Jan 7, 1998
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Orthopedic casting material
|Apr 29, 1992
|Nov 12, 1992
|M-Pact Worldwide Management Corporation
|Improved casting and splinting product having multiple plaster setting rates
|Sep 10, 1993
|May 26, 1994
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Conformable brace
|Mar 26, 1999
|Oct 14, 1999
|Lohmann Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Synthetic rigid bandage
|Mar 13, 2001
|Sep 20, 2001
|M-Pact Worldwide Management Corporation
|A splint with a moisture-impervious layer
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 22, 1988
Owner name: MINNESOTA MINING & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SAINT PA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:SCHOLZ, MATTHEW T.;BIRKHOLZ, RUSSELL D.;REEL/FRAME:004924/0440
Effective date: 19880721
|Dec 29, 1992
|Certificate of correction
|Dec 28, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 23, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 2, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem
PAL region Xbox cover art
|Artificial Mind and Movement
|Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
|Game Boy Advance, GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox
|Release date(s)
|Game Boy Advance
GC, PS2 & Xbox
Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem is a video game based on the Hanna-Barbera/Warner Bros. cartoon Scooby-Doo. The game was released by Artificial Mind and Movement, THQ and Warner Bros. in 2004.
Mystery Inc. is called by Alan Dinsdale, librarian of the Hambridge University Library and old friend of Velma's. Dinsdale explains that real ghosts and shadows have started appearing have scared people away. The gang also meet Walter Peabody, Alan's assistant and the book restorator, who claims that the key to the basement has gone missing. While searching the library, Shaggy and Scooby discover a photograph of a young Dinsdale in Washington D.C., and a telegram to Peabody from someone with the initials "S.D.". They later spot a strange white ghost opening a door in the back in which they discover is a way to the basement. The duo eventually come across the white ghost's hideout that withholds a strange book and a receipt from a book binding shop, when suddenly a ghost enters the room and gets devoured by the book. After collecting the evidence, the duo plan to show it to the others.
The duo come across Velma who lost her glasses after following the white ghost. After they find her glasses they show her the magic book in which she says it's a grim-war with the power to release and capture spirits and also pages are missing from it. She explains that they can capture the ghosts in the library as the book only contains the ghost page. Along the way, Shaggy and Scooby find the shadow page, allowing them to capture shadows too. The duo begin fighting their way back to the where they started where they show the others the magic book. Dinsdale tells them that the book is called the Tome of Doom which frightens Shaggy and Scooby. Strangely, there's another Tome of Doom in a nearby display case that Velma deduces is fake. She also examines the receipt Shaggy and Scooby found which proves her point. Shaggy sees the white ghost, and he and Scooby chase after him. The white ghost pushes a bookshelf that moves like a secret door and separates Shaggy from Scooby. After he finds Shaggy they begin fighting the ghosts in the room. After that, the fake ghost gets chased by a real ghost which allows the duo to capture him. The gang is confused why the ghost didn't get pulled into the book until Velma believes that he isn't a ghost at all. He is revealed to be Peabody who didn't want anyone to know that he made a fake Tome of Doom while he tried to steal the real one. However, it's unknown what was Peabody's motive or why he ripped out pages from the Tome of Doom. Walter is arrested, and the group is called by famous filmmakers the Milton Brothers, who are also having problems with the supernatural. Dinsdale allows Velma to borrow the Tome of Doom for further analysis, but as the gang leaves the library, a mysterious woman watches them.
The group arrives at the Milton Brothers Movie Studio, where they are greeted by Doug and Earl Milton after a well groomed man leaves. The brothers explain that the man was Robert Zabrinski, a businessman who has been trying to buy the studio for his real estate company Greenwood Development. Shaggy and Scooby make their way through Studio A where they find the poltergeist page in an electrical room. After capturing the poltergeists in the room, a red knight kidnaps Scooby. Shaggy chases him and sees him going into Studio B and Velma and Earl show up, both having seen the red knight. Shaggy reveals the situation to them and plans to rescue Scooby, with Earl tagging along to film Shaggy's heroics. He goes into the studio and finds Scooby and Daphne locked in cages and Daphne sees a crane the he can use to lift up Scooby's cage. Shaggy discovers a fuse and gear are missing and goes to find them. He also finds a brochure for the Gold Mountain Western Theme Park. He locates the pieces, as well as the mummy page. After repairing the crane he frees Scooby but the red knight attacks them, but they manage to use a catapult to send him flying and he escapes, leaving his helmet behind and the duo find it. After they free Daphne and capture the remaining monsters in Studio, the duo reunites with the group and Earl outside where they reveal the helmet and the recovered Tome of Doom pages. Velma realizes that there's a link to the library case based on the recovered pages. The group sets up a trap for the red knight (now covering his head with a box), and after a lengthy chase, Shaggy and Scooby lure him in and capture him in a net. The knight is unmasked as Zabrinski, who had received the poltergeist and mummy page from Peabody to scare away the Milton Brothers and buy their studio. Doug is also found tied up in a mummy costume and thanks the gang by letting them be part of a new film.
Meanwhile, at a secret headquarters, the woman from the library case receives word that Zabrinski has been arrested and Peabody hasn't revealed anything to the authorities. A mysterious figure decides to move on with "the plan". The group travel to the Gold Mountain Western Theme Park to investigate more monsters there, as Zabrinski was also trying to buy the park based on the recovered brochure. They meet Johnny Channayakpatra, owner of the park, and Mindi Stiles, the only employee left working. Shaggy and Scooby investigate the hotel and after an eating contest between the two, Shaggy falls through the floor. After encountering a mysterious woman in the hallway, Scooby finds Shaggy in the basement. They exit through the basement and find a photograph of Zabrinski with a dancer in a saloon, and encounter dust devils on Main Street. They also encounter Fred who got locked in a jail cell by a mysterious woman. After rescuing Fred, they discover a safe in the bank and realize someone hid something important in it. The duo later investigate a mine cart ride and find food in a mine cart and begin eating until a woman starts the ride that takes them into the tunnel. After surviving the ride, they exit the mine and enter the school where they discover a surveillance system, some costumes that match the woman from the hotel and the saloon dancer, as well as the combination to the safe. Inside the safe is the dust devil page. After defeating the dust devils, they head to the hotel where they find a giant dust devil spinning a carousel at a rapid speed with Fred, Daphne, and Channayapatra on it. Shaggy and Scooby eventually capture the monster as it spews out a woman dressed as an Indian. They unmask the Indian as Mindi, who is revealed to be a spy for Greenwood Development based on documents Velma found and is arrested.
After a period of time, the gang head to mansion in the middle of a swamp. Velma explains that the area is haunted by zombies and scared away everyone in the area, which allowed Greenwood Development to buy it. Upon arrival, the gang notice someone placed a giant antenna on the roof of the mansion, and the mansion itself appears abandoned. When gang splits up, Shaggy and Scooby witness Fred and Daphne get captured by army soldiers with fear-inducing laser guns and run away upon getting spotted. While running, Shaggy gets separated from Scooby and ends up covered in mud and running into a tree. Eventually, the dizzy Shaggy is captured and mistook for a zombie, and is caged with all the other zombies. Scooby meets Billy Bob, a young native who helps him rescue Shaggy, but their rescue results in all the zombies escaping. After the trio escape by motorbike, Billy Bob reveals to Shaggy and Scooby that after the zombies forced him to vacate, Greenwood Development ordered the military to send the zombies away. Velma arrives and reveals that zombies have left the soldiers defenseless and are attacking Fred and Daphne. Luckily, Billy Bob reveals he found the zombie page in one of the military trucks, allowing Shaggy and Scooby to capture the zombies and a giant zombie. Once Fred and Daphne are rescued, the military prepare to arrest them for trespassing until they tell them their investigating motives. The leader of the soldiers Sgt. Jeremy Rhodes, explains to the gang that they were ordered by Greenwood Development to clear the area of zombies before it was sold to Sherman-Tech, a scientific research and experimental institute that owns Greenwood Development based on the documents Velma previously found. The gang theorize that the people of Sherman-Tech buy and sell land to themselves after scaring away the owners. Rhodes also reveals he was ordered to bring the zombies to Sherman-Tech Headquarters and suggests that they go there to find answers.
Velma deduces that Sherman-Tech's plot involves the giant antennas that are placed in the areas bought by Greenwood Development. Fred books a tour at Sherman-Tech Headquarters where the gang meets Travis Sherman, founder of Sherman-Tech, and his chief executive officer Selena Drake, who is revealed to be S.D. While Fred, Velma, and Daphne take the tour, Shaggy and Scooby sneak off and infiltrate the laborious institute. Later, they reunite with the others but Sherman and Selena reveal that they've mind-controlled Fred, Daphne, and Velma with a prototype antenna. Sherman explains that they have built transmitters all over the United States in their areas purchased from Greenwood Development to brainwash all humans to buy Sherman-Tech products and destroy their competition. Drake attempts to mind-control the duo, but their simple minds allow them to be immune. As an alternative, Sherman orders Fred, Daphne, and Velma to kill them. Fortunately, Shaggy and Scooby manage to disable the machine, releasing Fred, Velma and Daphne from its control.
Angered, Sherman orders several scientists to seize the gang, but they refuse. They reveal themselves to be undercover FBI agents, revealing that Alan is one too, much to Velma's surprise. Dinsdale explains that they have suspected Sherman's scheme for months but couldn't get a lead and let Mystery Inc. find the evidence against Sherman and secretly followed them throughout their journey. Sherman surrenders, however, Selena snaps and evades arrest, releasing fire ghost in her path. Fortunately, fire alarm sprinklers go off and extinguish the ghosts' flame, allowing Shaggy and Scooby to capture them along with escaped zombies. The duo reunite with Fred, Daphne, Velma, Sherman, Dinsdale, and the FBI agent outside the building where they see the mentally unstable Selena on the roof, claiming she'll use the antennas for world domination. Eventually, she releases the Tome of Doom's strongest spirit, the Fire King, to destroy the group. Shaggy and Scooby distract the Fire King with a sprinkler system while Velma reverses the polarity of a nearby antenna, causing it to fire a laser to create rain clouds that extinguish the King's flame, allowing Shaggy and Scooby to capture him. Selena is captured and finally arrested.
Scooby and Shaggy are thanked by Dinsdale, who in turn gives them Scooby Snacks for their troubles, in which Scooby uses the Tome of Doom to steal it from Shaggy. The gang and the agents all celebrate their latest case.
The levels are very basic: there are three main objectives:
- Seal all the monsters in the level.
- Find the five clues.
- Complete the level and its missions.
There are also collectible sandwich ingredients in each level that unlock mini-games.
Levels and Biological Villains[edit]
There are five levels: The Haunting of Hambridge, Mayhem at the Movies, Weird Wild West, Bad Juju In The Bayou and the hardest level, Hi-Tech Terror. The villains are (from first to fifth), Walter Peabody, Robert Zabrinski, Mindi Stiles, the fourth level does not have a biological villain, and the fifth and final villain is Selena Drake who Scooby and Shaggy chases around the hi-tech mansion-like laboratory. The costumes are a ghost, the Red Knight and a mysterious woman
- Fake Ghost: He tries to attack you by running into you, knocking you back a little, causing no damage, and can turn bookshelves, also causing no damage. To beat him, suck up all of the ghosts that are following his orders. After doing this, a ghost will realize that the fake ghost isn't real, and scare him off.
- Red Knight: He chases you throughout the studio. If he touches you, you instantly loose all of your cool. To beat him, run through the studio while he keeps taking damage from the traps. After two laps, run into the castle, and the Red Knight gets captured by a giant net.
- Giant Dust Devil: He breaks himself into smaller dust devils while launching horses from the rapidly spinning horse ride. When you suck up enough of his dust devil pawns, The last remains of him come down in one piece. In this state, he behaves like a normal dust devil, except he is bigger, faster, and takes a longer time to suck up. Once you suck him up, you win.
- Big Zombie: At first, you have to suck up the three zombies that are terrorizing the van. After you do this, The big zombie will come down and fight you. He attacks like a regular zombie, except he can stomp on the ground and send a shock wave through it, and, like a normal zombie, can breathe on you with smelly breath. To defeat him, just keep trying to suck him up until he is finally gone.
- Giant Fire Ghost: This is the final boss of the game. He can launch fireballs at you, and if you activate a sprinkler, he will throw a large amount of fireballs, all at one time. If there are less than two normal fire ghosts on the field, the next fire ball he throws will summon one. Your goal is to make the giant fire ghost wither away the rocks that are blocking the sprinkler, and then activate them. Once you have activated all four sprinklers, Velma will activate the rain to get rid of the giant fire ghost's fire, but the battle is not over yet. Like normal fire ghosts, the giant fire ghost turns into a normal ghost from water. In this state, he acts like a much bigger version of a regular ghost, except he follows you. All you have to do is suck him up completely, and you will have beaten the game.
Cool Meter[edit]
When something scares Scooby and Shaggy, their Cool Meter is drained. If the Cool Meter is totally drained, the next time an enemy catches Scooby or Shaggy, they will run away and have to start at their last save point. To replenish the Cool Meter, Scooby and Shaggy find Scooby Snacks.
There is a small circle representing radar. The yellow triangle in the center represents Scooby and Shaggy, red dots on the Radar are enemies, and blue dots on the Radar are bosses.
- Scott Innes - Scooby-Doo, Shaggy Rogers
- Mindy Cohn - Velma Dinkley
- Frank Welker - Fred Jones, Doug Milton, Mummy
- Grey DeLisle - Daphne Blake, Selena Drake, Mindi Stiles, Actress, ShermanTech Scientist
- Jeff Bennett - Alan Dinsdale, Walter Peabody, Robert Zabrinski, Travis Sherman, Mercanary
- Tom Kenny - Earl Milton, Johnny Channayapatra, Billy Bob, Mercanary, ShermanTech Scientist
- James Arnold Taylor - Jeremy Rhodes, Zombie, ShermanTech Scientist, Watchman, Security Guard
- Jennifer Hale - Poltergeist, Computer Voice, ShermanTech Scientist
Mystery Mayhem was met with very mixed reception. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 53.20% and 53 out of 100 for the Game Boy Advance version;[4][8] 59.82% and 56 out of 100 for the Xbox version;[1][5] 59.52% and 55 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version;[2][6] and 55.75% and 54 out of 100 for the GameCube version.[3][7]
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem for Xbox". GameRankings. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem for PlayStation 2". GameRankings. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem for GameCube". GameRankings. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem for Game Boy Advance". GameRankings. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem for Xbox Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem for PlayStation 2 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem for GameCube Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b "Scooby-Doo: Mystery Mayhem for Game Boy Advance Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ CVG staff (May 2004). "Review: Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on June 24, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Helgeson, Matt (January 2004). "Scooby-Doo: Mystery Mayhem (GBA)". Game Informer (129): 160. Archived from the original on October 2, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Helgeson, Matt (May 2004). "Scooby-Doo: Mystery Mayhem". Game Informer (133): 94. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Davis, Ryan (April 6, 2004). "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem Review". GameSpot. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ Lafferty, Michael (October 12, 2003). "Scooby-Doo: Mystery Mayhem - GBA - Review". GameZone. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Hopper, Steven (March 29, 2004). "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem - PS2 - Review". GameZone. Archived from the original on December 28, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Hollingshead, Anise (March 24, 2004). "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem - GC - Review". GameZone. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ The Bearer (March 23, 2004). "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem - XB - Review". GameZone. Archived from the original on March 17, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Irwin, Mary Jane (March 29, 2004). "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem". IGN. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ Harris, Craig (October 6, 2003). "Scooby-Doo: Mystery Mayhem (GBA)". IGN. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem (GBA)". Nintendo Power. 174: 154. November 2003.
- ^ "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem (GC)". Nintendo Power. 180: 121. May 2004.
- ^ "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem". Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine: 88. June 2004.
- ^ Keller, Matt (April 2, 2004). "Scooby-Doo: Mystery Mayhem Review - PlayStation 2 Review". PALGN. Archived from the original on June 16, 2007. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- ^ Nardozzi, Dale (March 31, 2004). "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem Review (Xbox)". TeamXbox. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ Miller, Skyler (April 27, 2004). "'Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem' (GCN) Review". X-Play. Archived from the original on April 29, 2004. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem". The Times. April 17, 2004. Retrieved June 11, 2014.(subscription required)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- 5 total posts
- 2 reviews
- 3 comments
Reviews by DRay07
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I can't remember who it was (probably Thomas Beecham), but a conductor asked the orchestra to tune. The oboeist gave them an A, and the conductor said "Ladies and Gentlemen, take your pick."
I can't remember who it was (probably Thomas Beecham), but a conductor asked the orchestra to tune. The oboeist gave them an A, and the conductor said "Ladies and Gentlemen, take your pick."
"The difference between fiction and reality is that fiction needs to make sense" Tom Clancey
That's interesting, Gordon in light of an experience I had with Dave Monette many years ago.
He came to Orchestra Hall many years ago and I wanted to check somethng with the tuner we have there (a rather expensive looking German-made device). With disdain he looked at it and said "No, wait a sec...". He went to his bag of stuff and pulled out a few tuning forks, and he said "Okay, let's start again". We made our adjustments with the tuning forks instead of the machine and its readout.
After all, we do tune to the oboe and not a machine once we get on stage. When I tune, it's the tuning note (A), a fourth below, the tuning note again, a fifth above, an octave above and a quick arpeggio downwards. That's a general guide to my tuning, folks, not a strict routine every single time.
It seems that you can't beat a trained (as in the sense of experienced) ear. I'd have to agree.
For the first 10 years of my trumpet playing, the band had a conductor who never used a tuner (he didn't like'em for reasons I don't really remember), and always tuned the orchestra, each player individually, by (his) ear. Sounded great.
Then when he left the new conductor always used an electronic tuner. I found that rather strange the first time I saw that. The next conductor only tuned the band when we had a concert, and then only when it was useful to do so (i.e. not in cold weather outdoors). The current conductor does use one. In fairness though, I haven't seen any strange tuning stuff like described here though. Except the usual stuff of having to pull or push in the tuning slide, overshoot and end up right back where you started.
I do know an alto saxophone player who to me always sounds a bit flat on her solos. Not sure why that is.
Regards, Christine
Only one?Originally Posted by connloyalist
i use a tuner only to find tendancies of horn or to confirm what i think i am hearing, but not 100% sure, when i do it is a very good korg. i find the noise maker on it to be more helpful then the needle, it will drive you wacko if you spend too much time focusing on the needle.
Per aspera ad astra
My theory is that legit sax is supposed to make you feel uncomfortable.Originally Posted by Manny Laureano
We battle this tuning issue each week in our small church orchestra (2 trumpets, tuba, 2 baritones, trombone, horn, alto sax, oboe, clarinet and 2 flutes) We can never get a consistent note in tune due to experience level and a flute player who insists on tuning while STAREING at the tuner, lipping the note up and and down until she gets it "right"
Last week I had everyone start tuning to a Bb major triad, without a tuner anywhere in site. It's amazing what happened then, when we got people to use there ears and not their eyes to tune. After all that's what it's about, the ears!
Music's only purpose should be the glory of God and the recreation of the human spirit - J. S. Bach
2004 ZeuS Olympus ARLX
1976 Bach 37 Strad
1990 Blessing ML1-G Artist Edition
1917 Conn Victor New Wonder Cornet
I find that tuning to a minor 7th chord works well.
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|Lion (HCMC) Dunkel (Dark)
|Lion (HCMC) Pilsener (Blond)
jmgreenuk (316) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | June 18, 2016
Is this Oktoberfest? This place is huge. I feel sorry for them when its mainly empty. Great food, good service and working wifi. Just two of their own beers and a few bottled imports. Its in the city centre. There is no reason not to come!
justicemaguire (16) , Australia | January 6, 2016
Another big beer place that happend to be beside our hotel. Beer was plentiful but only 3 types available on tap and a list of a dozen weird belgian bottles. Price is right though.
IloveIPAs81 (24) , | January 1, 2016| Updated January 2, 2016
deanso (479) the Hague, Netherlands | January 2, 2013
nice place. A bit pricey by local standards. Only 2 of their own beers which are nice but not spectacular. Some Belgian beers on bottle too
Jessop (13) , Australia | July 22, 2012
Huge beerhall loosley themed on Bavarian ideas, situated across from the opera house. Pleasant attentive staff however the beers were a let down. Pricey food menu so we moved along.
visionthing (509) Tallinn, Estonia | May 13, 2012
Large German-style beer hall in the centre of Saigon. The fresh beer was a nice change from the standard South-East Asian pale lagers. Food was tasty, but the service could be better. We found better brewpubs in Saigon...
Beershine (850) The Sunshine State, Florida | December 18, 2009
Great location across from Opera House. Huge interior, a typical Czech-style Vietnamese brewpub beer hall. Has a big screen for sports. Not much outdoor seating as youd want given the good location. Have 2 beers, neither of which are particularly good. Overpriced menu so we didnt eat here.
fuchebu (12) Croydon, Pennsylvania | November 15, 2009
This is a big German beer hall style brewpub near the Continental Hotel. I had both the blond and the dark beers here. I found them to be decent but not really spectacular. Its still nice to be able to drink fresh brewed beer in a part of the world not really known as a beer mecca.
nate2g (1100) Boomtown!, Australia | September 22, 2009
A large German style beer hall with just the two beers available (a common theme in Vietnam). Also pretty quiet on my visit but can imagine it would get lively when busy, and I noticed posters up for this years Oktoberfest which could of been fun drinking up with the locals. Worth checking out as theres not a lot of choice for beer in the city.
Tim Webb (412) Bristol, England | January 1, 2008
The biggest and brassiest of the breed in HCMC, opposite the Opera House. Sharp service, grand design, hugely popular. Has a wine cellar, receptions rooms for large parties and weddings, private suites, large screen TVs and stuff like Englebert Humperdink on the music purveyor. Friendly too, with helpful staff offering sound advice about the lengthy menu. Sadly, the least accomplished beers - appearing to compromise with the local desire for all flavour components to be boiled out.


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Aaron Rodgers went back to an old favorite, connecting with Donald Driver on a 4-yard touchdown in the fourth quarter to seal Green Bay's 24-15 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars on Sunday. Rodgers threw two touchdowns, passing Bart Starr for second place on Green Bay's all-time list, and Dezman Moses gave the Packers their first touchdown on a blocked punt in almost 22 years. But Green Bay (5-3) had a surprisingly tough time with the NFL's worst team, which lost its fourth straight.
Packers 24, Jaguars 15
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Dream Dictionary Caf
A selection of articles related to dream dictionary caf.
Original articles from our library related to the Dream Dictionary Caf. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Dream Dictionary Caf.
- A History Of Dreaming - From Ancient Egypt To Modern Day
- Dreams have been an important part of the human experince since time immemorial. Fragments of the earliest books come from Egypt, where dreams were considered to be the messages sent from the gods. The Egyptians divided their dreams into three categories: 1....
Parapsychology >> Dreams
- Hulse, David Allen
- >From an early age, David Allen Hulse has made a diligent study of the alphabets of the ancient world. Even as a child, David possessed a great affinity for the alphabets of Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece. In college, a reading of MacGregor Mathers' Kabbalah...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- Hulse, David Allen
- From an early age, David Allen Hulse has made a diligent study of the alphabets of the ancient world. Even as a child, David possessed a great affinity for the alphabets of Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece. In college, a reading of MacGregor Mathers' Kabbalah...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- What does it mean if I have nightmares about being ill?
- According to a report from the Menninger Clinic Detecting cancer in dream content . Horton PC, Child Guidance Clinic for Control Ct., Meriden, CT, USA. A woman was 3 years post mastectomy when she presented a dream whose manifest content suggested a new...
Parapsychology >> Dreams
- A Treatise on Astral Projection, Part 4: More Rope Techniques
- ROPE is a very effective projection technique, but it still has to be learned to be effective. I would like to elaborate on a couple of points about the technique, inspired by the feedback I have received so far. There is NO visualization required - AT ALL -...
Parapsychology >> Astral Projection
- Apple Divination
- We have all heard and used the expression "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." This expression is based on a very old superstition and is one of many associated with apples. I am quite sure that you have all held an apple in one hand and twisted...
Psychic Abilities >> Divination
- King James Bible: Genesis, Chapter 41
- Chapter 41 41:1 And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river. 41:2 And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow. 41:3 And, behold,...
Old Testament >> Genesis
Dream Dictionary Caf is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Dream Dictionary Caf books and related discussion.
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- Acronyms Abbreviations &Terms - Federal Emergency Management
- Competitive Analysis and Evaluation Office. CAER. Community Awareness and Emergency Response.
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- Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 THE WHITE- MAGIC BOOK
- BE'. NELL ST JOHN LIONTAGL'E. Fach volume cnntaim a.
- casafernandopessoa.cm-lisboa.pt
- The Warning Signs - School Shooters .info
- Feb 12, 2016 video of Klebold and him gunning down students in the caf- eteria, as .... For example, in a class involving dream interpretation, Har- ris talked ...
- schoolshooters.info
- Alternate Tuning Guide - William Sethares
- Major Sixth. C A F# D# C A 66 ...... CAF#D#, though the strings are in a different order and different ...
- sethares.engr.wisc.edu
- balancing equations and culture: indigenous educators reflect on
- and may never fulfil her dream because of one mathematics class I think about this a lot as .... American (OxfOrd English Dictionary). [3] Travois: A kind of ...
- flm-journal.org
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- Dream Interpretations Dictionary by Horoscope.com | Learn more
- If you dream of a busy caf? when you sit alone at a table, this indicates a feeling of "being lonely in a crowd," of alienation from the world around you. If you're ...
- www.horoscope.com
- Dream Dictionary - Free Online Dream's Definitions - Café au Soul
- Free Online Dream Dictionary - Find the meaning of your dreams by using our free dream dictionary designed by dream expert, Kari Hohne.
- www.cafeausoul.com
- Urban Dictionary: CAF
- CAF. crispy as f#@k; the state of being so absurdly baller that you surpass any level of baller that another baller may be. mike jones was the definition of CAF in ...
- www.urbandictionary.com
- Dream Dictionary A-Z, Symbols, Definitions & Meanings
- DreamsCloud A-Z online free dreams dictionary will help in providing insight ... Dream Dictionary Over 5000 dream symbols collected over years of dream work.
- www.dreamscloud.com
- Caf | Define Caf at Dictionary.com
- Our meeting consisted in good part of his "kidding" me, because I was lacking in the congenial vices of the caf. The Book of Life: Vol. I Mind and Body; Vol.
- www.dictionary.com
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We provide galvanization in mild acidic and alcalic electrolyte. These electrolytes are in these days most popular technology of galvanizing. It provides a high gloss surface with a thin and ductile layer. GALVAN CZ s.r.o. performs galvanizing without passivation with following passivation by transparent Cr3+, optionally with additional yellow chromate Cr3+. For all types of finishes we offer sealing.
Phosphating is a coating method which creates the insoluble phosphate layer on the surface of product. The crystalline layer is electrically nonconductive and insoluble in water or organic solvents. It has very good cohesiveness with base metal and it is suitable as a subgrade layer before varnishing. Phosphating protects from corrosion if products are additionally treated with oil, wax or other way.
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High pressure blasting of steel materials is part of the surface preparation for further technological operations, such as phosphate coating, varnishing or galvanizing. Blasting is used as one of the most effective methods to remove rust, paint, oxides and other impurities from the basic materials.


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Hotel Kaiserin Augusta - Weimar
You will be spoilt for choice in terms of dining at this hotel as there are 2 restaurants serving breakfast, lunch and dinner where you will find great menu choices and a nice spot to eat during the day. There is also a bar/lounge where guests can enjoy drinks. Free WiFi is available.
Hotel Kaiserin Augusta - Weimar
Hotel Info: 1-877-214-4288from $61
- Standard Double or Twin Room
- Standard Single Room
- Comfort Single Room
- Comfort Double or Twin Room
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 134 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 4 floors
- 24-hour check-in
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Children (6 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- Specific rooms only *
- 1 per room
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Self parking *
In the hotel
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- 2 restaurants
- Bar/lounge
- Bicycle rentals on site
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Number of meeting rooms - 7
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms 8
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1867
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Terrace
- Television in common areas
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Minibar
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Soundproofed rooms
- In-room massage available
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Hair dryer
- 75-cm TV
- Digital TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Special features
DiningWintergarten - This restaurant specializes in regional cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting). Reservations are required. Open daily.
Salon Helene - This restaurant specializes in regional cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Open daily.
Hotel Kaiserin Augusta - Weimar's small print
Also known as
- Hotel Kaiserin Augusta
- Hotel Kaiserin Augusta Weimar
- Kaiserin Augusta
- Kaiserin Augusta Weimar
- Kaiserin Augusta Hotel
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Noise-free guestrooms cannot be guaranteed.
Parking height restrictions apply.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 2 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 18 years of age.
Pet deposit: EUR 8.00 per night
Optional extras
Self parking costs EUR 10 per night with in/out privileges
Rollaway beds are available for EUR 26,00 per night
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 11 per person (approximately)
Cribs/Infant beds are available for EUR 10 per night
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 8.00 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Rail traffic information.
Here you can find round-the-clock updates on the current service situation on the Swiss rail network and information on any disruptions. All SBB lines and those of licensed transport companies are included. SBB also keeps you updated on major disruptions and strikes abroad.
Latest news
Here you can find the latest information on strikes and interruptions in the event of major disruptions to the rail network.
Click here to see a more detailed list and map.
As the situation can change at any time, we recommend you refresh this page regularly.
You can also use Twitter to ask questions about the current service situation and any disruptions using the account @RailService.
Additional information channels
By telephone.
Tel. 166 – Automatic rail traffic information
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Rail traffic information for Switzerland.
General information on construction works, disruptions and delays anywhere in Switzerland (subscribe to this link: http://fahrplan.sbb.ch/bin/help.exe/dnl?tpl=rss_basic_feed).
Regional rail traffic information.
On this page, you can put together your own personalised RSS feed and select the topics for which you would like to receive updates. You can choose from five main regions of Switzerland plus, optionally, our neighbouring countries.
This is where you can find links to rail network updates from our neighbouring countries:
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All information subject to change without notice.


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Magic in a Minute by Mac and Bill King
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This one's a real beaut. I'll try it with a ten-buck coin.
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Welcome my minions! my name is itay and i like this site because of the community that sharing amazing mods and games. I like history and i'm researching alot, people call me moving encyclopedia lol. I'm currently looking foward to be a history teacher or guide. I decided to invest in history because of my 2 inspirations:Jerusalem and 19th-very early 20th century monarchists. I live in gedera, a small town in Which is located in south-center israel. For the most part,i welcome you to my profile and feel free to contact me by email,message or comment. Enjoy!
my peace plan between israel and palestine
Peace plan according to me:
1. Areas A and B will move to Palestinian control
2. Area C under Israeli control but will be recognized as Israeli citizens of Arab
3. The blockade of Gaza is lifted (provided that Hamas disarm and recognize the State of Israel)
4. disarming Hamas, recognition of Israel and the agreement
5. Palestinians can enjoy free movement in Area C (citizens only) and the possibility of transferring goods from Gaza to the West Bank via Israel.
6. Israel will help here and there rebuild Gaza
7. Jerusalem will remain united under Israeli rule, but you can talk about Communities only Arabs who live in them
8. Palestinians will be able to visit their holy places that are within Israel as long as Israel can also visit their holy places that are in the territories under Palestinian rule with an armed escort or even no if there is no danger to their lives.
9. Israel will provide resources such as water and electricity to the Palestinians but financial price.
10. If the two countries would be interested, apply security cooperation, tourism, cultural, scientific, technological, etc. between the two countries.
Would love to hear your opinion.
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realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Symbols Of Death
A selection of articles related to symbols of death.
Original articles from our library related to the Symbols Of Death. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Symbols Of Death.
- Select Cross-Cultural and Historical Personifications of Death
- This extensive introduction includes some of the more well known, along with some lesser known Death "incarnations", and I use that term loosely, as in many cultures, the Angel of Death can be quite an adept shapeshifter. We have tried to cull...
Mystic Sciences >> Necromantic Studies
- About Reiki Symbols
- "Instead of seeking many other medicines to cure their illness, I wish people would always honor their own body's healing ability and take good care of themselves." Meiji Emperor A symbol is a communication element intended to simply represent or...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
- That Glimmer of Life: Death, The Energy Body & Its Aura
- When persons are nearing death, their auras change dramatically. As a mystic and healer with many years experience, I have probably had more opportunities than most to observe the auras of people with terminal illnesses, in the weeks, days, hours and minutes...
Body Mysteries >> Auras
- Shamanic Death
- What is a Shaman's death, and who's likely to have one? The death itself is a suspension between worlds. States of consciousness. The individual today, who is likely to have a "Shamanic Death" is chasing extinction itself. Through that process the...
Religions >> Native American, Shamanism
- The Four Symbols of Usui Reiki Ryoho
- " It is not God's will merely that we should be happy, but that we should make ourselves happy." Immanuel Kant According to many traditional teachers the Reiki symbols are sacred and therefore secret and should only be seen by insiders, meaning...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
- The Pagan Origins Of Christian Mythology
- The Judeo-Christian religions were founded in a region of the world where savior religions existed for thousands of years. Much of the symbolism and many of the stories in the Bible may be traced to earlier myths of the Persians, Egyptians, and other people...
Religions >> Christianity & Paganism
- Discovery and Development of Reiki
- "The more we care for the happiness of others, the greater our own sense of wellbeing becomes." The Dalai Lama The traditional story of the discovery of Reiki is as historically correct as the biblical report of the life of Jesus - it is molded and...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
Symbols Of Death is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Symbols Of Death books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
- The Return of al-Shabaab
- The raid, which led to the death of at least 100 Kenyan troops, inflicted the single worst loss of life in the country's military history. In February, it briefly took control of the strategic ... attacks, and scaled down its external focus.
- BLO's 'Werther' Full Of Captivating Talent And — Chairs?
- Other symbols are equally striking. The curtain rises with Werther, pistol pointed to his chest, considering suicide. The first part (after Act 2, just before intermission) ends in similar fashion, and Act 3 begins the same way.
- Hiker Finds Extremely Rare Gold Coin in Israel
- A woman in the Galilee region of Israel stumbled across a rare gold coin while hiking with friends. The coin dates back to the year 107 AD and depicts the Roman Emperor Augustus.
- What you hear since Tehran's minarets went quiet
- They've grown less tolerant of public symbols of religiosity as a result, even as political Islam is experiencing a revival in other parts of the Middle East. ...
- Science, symbols and more…
- WORKOUTABLES is not a routine quiz that merely tests your memory. This one is work-outable by thinking through popular relevant facts and current news. Here we go...
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
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